Structural plain bearings and structural bearing systems

Abstract

The present invention relates to a structural plain bearing 210 for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component. The structural plain bearing 210 includes a bearing base 212 connectable to the first structural component, a sliding plate 216 connectable to a second structural component, and an intermediate bearing portion 214 disposed between the bearing base 212 and the sliding plate 216. A primary sliding surface 226 of the structural plain bearing 210 is disposed between the intermediate bearing portion 214 and the sliding plate 216. The primary sliding surface 226 includes at least two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B disposed on sliding surfaces 230A and 230B angled relative to each other, where the sliding surfaces 230A and 230B intersect at a common intersection line S that defines a motion axis A of the structural plain bearing 210 along which the sliding plate 216 can move. The two sliding surfaces 230A and 230B include a first angle α, which is selected so that no gap occurs in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface 226 when the structural sliding bearing 210 is in use. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a structural bearing system 700 in which the advantageous principles of the structural sliding bearing 210 are applied.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a structural plain bearing for connecting a first and a second structural component, and to a structural bearing system having at least two plain bearings for connecting at least two structural components. [Background technology]

[0002] A typical structural plain bearing usually includes a bearing base that can be connected to a first structural part, a sliding plate that can be connected to a second structural part, and an intermediate bearing part that is disposed between the bearing base and the sliding plate. Thus, the primary sliding surface of the structural plain bearing is generally disposed between the intermediate bearing part and the sliding plate, and the sliding plate can slide when the structural plain bearing is used. Several such structural plain bearings are combined to form a structural bearing system with a corresponding number of connection points between each structural part.

[0003] Such structural plain bearings or structural bearing systems, which are used to connect various structural parts, are in principle sufficiently known from the state of the art.

[0004] Structural plain bearings generally transmit vertical and horizontal loads and allow rotation and relative displacements if necessary. Structural plain bearings are therefore a special type of structural plain bearings commonly used for the defined definition, supporting all kinds of structures such as bridges, especially road and rail traffic, girders, all kinds of buildings or parts thereof, as far as possible and without constraint. They therefore allow relative movements between two parts of the structure in question. These relative movements can be caused by the use of the structure or also by external influences such as wind or earthquakes. By using these structural plain bearings or corresponding structural bearing systems, damage to the corresponding structures can be avoided in particular.

[0005] According to the DIN EN 1337 standard, various designs and operating modes of structural plain bearings are known. Depending on the design and operating mode, the structures and degrees of freedom are different. Structural plain bearings can be designed either as bearings that are fixed on all sides or as bearings that can be displaced on all sides or on one side. According to the DIN 4141-13 standard, there are also solutions for converting guide bearings into fixed bearings using locking devices. The invention relates in particular to structural plain bearings that are uniaxially guided or unidirectionally displaceable, which allow a displacement movement of the sliding plate along a certain axial direction of the primary sliding surface. Fixed bearings that are subsequently converted are also relevant to the invention. Such uniaxially guided structural plain bearings can be realized, for example, as pot bearings or spherical bearings. Both types of structural plain bearings are shown diagrammatically in figures 1 and 2. 1 and 2 are briefly described below.

[0006] FIG. 1 shows a uniaxial guided sliding bearing in the form of a pot bearing 10, also called a pot sliding bearing, as known from the prior art. As can be seen, the pot sliding bearing 10 has a pot 12 as a bearing base that can be connected to a first part of the structure. The pot 12 comprises an elastomer pad 16, an internal seal 18 and a machined recess 14 for receiving a pot lid 20, which is the intermediate bearing part of the pot sliding bearing 10. The pot lid 20 closes the opening of the pot 12 and rests flat on the elastomer pad 16 located below it. On top of the pot lid 20, a sliding plate 22 is arranged so as to be connected to a second structural part. Both the pot lid 20 and the sliding plate 22 are oriented horizontally, so that the horizontal primary sliding surface 24 of the pot sliding bearing 10 extends between these two components.

[0007] For this purpose, a sliding material 26 is arranged on the pot lid 20 to reduce friction between the pot lid 20 and the sliding plate 22, so that the sliding plate 22 can slide along the primary sliding surface 24 with as little resistance as possible.

[0008] Thus, the pot sliding bearing 10 can absorb the forces or loads induced vertically through the sliding plate 22, the horizontal primary sliding surface 24, the pot lid 20 and the elastomeric pad 16 and transfer them to the pot 12 below. At the same time, the elastomeric pad 16 allows all the rotation of the pot sliding bearing 10. This happens due to the elastomeric pad 16 yielding in time in the area of ​​the force induced by the pot lid 20. The internal seal 18 is arranged in such a way that it can prevent the elastomeric pad 16 from being pushed out through the gap between the pot wall and the pot lid 20 as soon as a compressive load occurs on the elastomeric pad 16. In addition, an external seal can be arranged between the pot lid 20 and the pot 12 to keep moisture and dirt away from the corresponding gap.

[0009] Furthermore, the pot slide bearing 10 has a central guide rail 28 for realizing the uniaxial displaceability of the slide plate 22. The central guide rail 28 is arranged on the pot cover 20 in the area of ​​the primary slide surface 24 and engages in a corresponding groove of the slide plate 22. The guide rail 28 thus defines the movement axis of the pot slide bearing 10 in that it can absorb all horizontal forces crossing the sliding direction. The two sliding surfaces between the guide rail 28 and the slide plate 22 are arranged vertically along the movement axis. Thus, forces acting in the horizontal direction are applied vertically from both sides to the central guide rail 28 and can be effectively absorbed. The guide rail 28 also has a sliding material 30 along both vertical sliding surfaces that are initially lubricated. Thus, friction between the guide rail 28 and the slide plate 22 is reduced and the movement of the slide plate 22 along the movement axis is facilitated.

[0010] Therefore, when a horizontal force acts on the pot sliding bearing 10 running parallel to the guide rail 28, the sliding plate 22 moves relative to the lower pot lid 20. These force components are therefore not absorbed and transmitted by the pot sliding bearing 10. Thus, the corresponding movements of the structural parts can be counterbalanced.

[0011] The situation is different for horizontal forces acting across the guide rail 28. The slide plate 22 cannot perform a horizontal movement across the guide rail 28. Thus, horizontal forces are absorbed and transmitted by the guide rail 28 or the pot slide bearing 10. Thus, they cannot counteract the corresponding movements of the structural components.

[0012] In addition to the design shown in Figure 1, there is also a solution in which the guide rails are formed in the slide plate and then the grooves are formed in the pot lid. The basic functional principles described above regarding the degrees of freedom and the transmission of forces between the pot lid and the slide plate apply here accordingly.

[0013] FIG. 2 shows a uniaxial guide structure sliding bearing in the form of a spherical bearing 110, as known in the prior art. The spherical bearing 110 comprises a bearing base 112, which can be connected to a first structural part. Furthermore, the spherical bearing 110 comprises a carrot 114, which is an intermediate bearing part of the spherical bearing 110. The carrot 114 is convexly curved downwards and is received in a corresponding concave part of the upper part of the bearing base 112. Thus, a secondary sliding surface 116 or a secondary sliding surface of the spherical bearing 110 is formed between the carrot 114 and the bearing base 112. A sliding material 118 is arranged in the area of ​​the secondary sliding surface 116, which allows the carrot 114 to move in the concave part of the bearing base 112 with as little resistance as possible. On top of the carrot is placed the sliding plate 120, which can be connected to a second structural part. Thus, a main horizontal sliding surface 122 or a primary sliding surface of the spherical bearing 110 is arranged between the carrot 114 and the sliding plate 120. A sliding material 124 is arranged on the carrot 114 in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface 122 in order to reduce friction between the carrot 114 and the sliding plate 120. As a result, sliding of the sliding plate 24 along the primary sliding surface 122 is also achieved here with as little resistance as possible.

[0014] Thus, the spherical bearing 110 can absorb forces or loads acting vertically through the sliding plate 120, the horizontal primary sliding surface 122, and the carrot 114 and transmit them to the bearing base 112. At the same time, the convex curvature of the carrot 114 and the receiving concave portion of the bearing base 112 allow a corresponding rotation of the carrot 114 or the spherical bearing 110. This occurs by sliding the carrot 114 along the secondary sliding surface 116.

[0015] In this embodiment, the uniaxial guidance of the spherical bearing 110 is performed by two horizontal lateral guide rails 126. These are respectively arranged adjacent to the primary sliding surface 122 at the side of the bearing stand 112 for engaging with the sliding plate 120. Thus, horizontal forces across the two lateral guide rails 126 are also absorbed here, thereby defining the movement axis of the spherical bearing 110. Here, as in the case of the pot sliding bearing 10, the sliding surfaces between the two lateral guide rails 126 and the sliding plate 120 are respectively formed vertically along the movement axis. Due to the vertical action of the horizontal forces on the sliding surfaces of the two guide rails 126, the effects of higher forces can also be effectively absorbed. Similarly, the two lateral guide rails 126 have a sliding material 128 in the area of ​​the vertical sliding surface that is initially lubricated. Therefore, the friction between the two guide rails 126 and the sliding plate 120 can be greatly reduced, which correspondingly facilitates the movement of the sliding plate 120 along the movement axis.

[0016] As soon as horizontal forces act on the spherical bearing 110 parallel to the two lateral guide rails 126, the slide plate 120 moves relative to the underlying spherical bearing 110. Thus, these horizontal forces are not absorbed and transmitted by the spherical bearing 110. Thus, the corresponding movements of structural components can be counteracted.

[0017] The opposite occurs with horizontal forces acting across the two lateral guide rails 126. The slide plate 120 cannot perform a corresponding horizontal movement in this direction. These horizontal forces are therefore either absorbed by the two lateral guide rails 126 or are directly transmitted from the slide plate 120 to the bearing base 112. Horizontal forces running across the two lateral guide rails 126 are therefore absorbed by the spherical bearing 110. The corresponding movement of the structural parts cannot therefore be counteracted.

[0018] In the described form of the plain bearing of the one-axis guide structure, therefore, there is a functional separation between the transmission of vertical and horizontal forces. The vertical loads are absorbed by the respective primary sliding surfaces of the intermediate bearing part, whereas the horizontal forces acting transversely to the movement axis are transmitted to the corresponding guide rail. As specified in item 6.8 of the DIN EN 1337-2:2004 standard for bearings in the construction industry, the known structural plain bearings are dimensioned in such a way that no gaps occur in the region of the primary horizontal sliding surfaces in the operating state. In the present disclosure, a gap is understood to be a partial lift-off in the sliding surfaces. The overall gap is therefore decisive for the load-bearing capacity of the structural plain bearing.

[0019] According to the standard DIN EN 1990:2010-12 on fundamentals of structural design, the serviceability limit states are extended up to the serviceability limit states, beyond which the specified conditions for the serviceability state of the structure or component are no longer fulfilled. Limit states which affect the functionality of the structure or one of its parts under normal conditions of use, or the well-being of users or the appearance of the structure, are therefore also classified as serviceability limit states.

[0020] Thus, in the case of special structural plain bearings or structural bearing systems designed for extreme cases such as earthquakes, service conditions may exist when the extreme case occurs. This applies in particular also to conditions after emergency and buffer functions, which are only used in extreme cases, have been initiated. Here, for example, targeted lift-off of the plain from the intermediate bearing part is provided in the service conditions.

[0021] Surfaces, axes and force directions are all described herein as horizontal or vertical for convenience, but are not limited with respect to strictly horizontal or vertical planes or directions. In the present disclosure, such indications of orientation refer only to the plane of motion of the structural plain bearing or structural bearing system. This is especially true, for example, when the structural plain bearing or structural bearing system is installed at an angle. Thus, in this case, the orientation of the horizontal primary sliding surface may differ from the strictly horizontal plane and may therefore be inclined. The same applies to the vertical guide surface arranged perpendicularly thereto and the correspondingly described force effects.

[0022] Despite the proven principles of such force transmission, it has been found that in the area of ​​the rail structure, especially if such structural plain bearings are used for a long time, large amounts of dust, dirt and other foreign bodies can accumulate. This can increase the wear of the sliding material and / or impair the sliding behavior of the structural plain bearing, so structural plain bearings require regular maintenance. This is mainly due to the fact that in such rail structures there is a certain amount of play between the respective components. This cannot be avoided in principle, especially here in the area of ​​the vertical sliding surfaces between the guide rail and the sliding plate. Therefore, when the structural plain bearing is in the operating state, there is usually a gap in the area of ​​the vertical guide surfaces. This play or gap can cause end compression in the area of ​​the guide surfaces, which can result in uneven transmission of forces in the structural plain bearing and increased and uneven wear of the sliding material. Moreover, the guide surfaces of the rail structure can only be lubricated initially due to their play, and a permanent supply of lubricant is not guaranteed. Furthermore, it is necessary to use sliding materials that can absorb high local compression. Thus, sliding materials are ultimately used here which have a relatively high coefficient of friction and therefore a relatively poor sliding behavior due to relatively high wear.

[0023] In particular, uniaxial structural plain bearings with a central guide rail can only be used to a limited extent to support very high forces. On the other hand, the use of two lateral guide rails would prevent the rotation of the bearing about a vertical axis. Finally, the described structural plain bearings represent complex structures that require a correspondingly high level of effort in terms of installation space and manufacturing and maintenance costs. The same drawbacks affect structural bearing systems that feature such structural plain bearings. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0024] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved structural plain bearing and structural bearing system which, on the one hand, is as simple as possible in design and, on the other hand, operates as long as possible without maintenance and operates reliably even under forces, thereby reducing costs and effort during manufacture and use. [Means for solving the problem]

[0025] According to the invention, the solution to the aforementioned problem is achieved by a structural plain bearing according to claim 1 and a structural bearing system according to claim 21. Advantageous further embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims 2 to 20 and the dependent claims 22 to 36.

[0026] The structural plain bearing according to the invention is therefore characterised in that the primary sliding surface has at least two partial sliding surfaces, each arranged in a sliding plane angled relative to one another, the sliding planes meeting at a common intersection line forming the axis of movement of the structural plain bearing along which the sliding plates can move. Furthermore, the two sliding planes have a first angle, which is selected in such a way that no gaps arise in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface when the structural plain bearing is in use. In other words, a structural plain bearing is provided in which all sliding surfaces are gap-free.

[0027] The two sliding surfaces angled relative to each other of the primary sliding surface combine the functions of vertical and horizontal force transmission in the structural sliding bearing. Vertical and horizontal forces acting transversely to the axis of movement can now be absorbed by the primary sliding surface of the structural sliding bearing. Thus, the rail structure previously used in the middle or at the side is no longer necessary, since its function is completely performed by the primary sliding surface, which results in a significant simplification of the structure of the structural sliding bearing and a corresponding reduction in manufacturing costs. The installation space, which is only available to a limited extent, can also be significantly reduced. This applies not only to the omission of the rail structure, but also to the corresponding design of the sliding plate. Sections or recesses for engaging with the rail structure are no longer necessary in or on the sliding plate, which means that the dimensions of the sliding plate, especially its thickness, can be reduced. The omission of the rail structure also eliminates the possibility of the ingress of dirt or foreign objects into this area due to lateral movements.

[0028] The ratio of the maximum possible vertical and horizontal forces of the structural plain bearing can be optimally adjusted by the selection of the mutual inclination or initial angle of the two partial sliding surfaces. By appropriately selecting the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces relative to each other, in the service state of the structural plain bearing, clearance in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface can be avoided even at the maximum horizontal forces combined with the corresponding minimum vertical forces. For example, if the structural plain bearing is designed for higher horizontal loads, the two inclined partial sliding surfaces are designed so that they are very steep with respect to the acting horizontal forces, so that in the service state of the structural plain bearing, no lifting of the sliding plate from the intermediate bearing part occurs. At the same time, a sliding material with the lowest possible friction can be used in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface, which nevertheless facilitates the movement of the sliding plate in the direction of the axis of movement.

[0029] Permanently lubricated sliding materials, such as those known from the DIN EN 1337-2:2004 standard for bearings in the construction industry with continuous and uniform compression in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface, are also suitable for guiding. These have a low coefficient of friction and are particularly prone to wear. In tests carried out by the applicant it has already been possible to establish resistance with the corresponding sliding material at cumulative sliding distances of the current guiding primary sliding surface that are up to 25 times higher than with the previously separated initially lubricated guideway.

[0030] Furthermore, the two partial sliding surfaces angled relative to one another allow continuous self-centering of the sliding plate on the intermediate bearing part of the structural sliding bearing with respect to the axis of travel. The sliding plate is therefore always optimally positioned relative to the intermediate bearing part, avoiding the possibility of end compression along the axis of travel. Bearing play due to the guide rails is no longer present.

[0031] Preferably, the primary sliding surface has exactly two, most preferably only two partial sliding surfaces. In this way, the structural plain bearing according to the invention is as simple as possible. The two inclined partial sliding surfaces can form, for example, a continuous primary sliding surface that is bent only once in the region of the movement axis. Here, in addition to the mutually angled sliding planes, the two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces also intersect along the movement axis. Alternatively, the two inclined partial sliding surfaces can also be formed separately from each other in the respective sliding planes.

[0032] Preferably, the structural plain bearing is a one-axis guide structural plain bearing in which the sliding plate can only move along the movement axis relative to the intermediate bearing part, whereby the structural plain bearing does not allow the sliding plate to move beyond the movement along the movement axis relative to the intermediate bearing part, and thus the structural plain bearing is particularly usable when horizontal movement in one direction is permitted.

[0033] Preferably, the two sliding surfaces are arranged so that the line of intersection runs horizontally. This means that the axis of movement of the structural plain bearing is also horizontal. In this configuration, the structural plain bearing is loaded as uniformly as possible in terms of the transmission of forces. Furthermore, the sliding plate can move uniformly in both directions of the axis of movement with the same resistance. As explained above, the horizontal alignment must be understood with reference to the moving planes of the structural plain bearing. The line of intersection can therefore also take a direction different from the horizontal in the strict sense.

[0034] Advantageously, the first angle is selected in such a way that in the limit state of the structural plain bearing, no gaps occur in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface. Starting from the service state, the load of the structural plain bearing is further increased, which leads to the limit state. According to the DIN EN 1990:2010-12 standard on the fundamentals of structural design, this state is associated with collapse or other forms of structural failure, and these limit states that affect the safety of persons and / or the safety of the structure are also classified as ultimate limit states. This has the advantage that it is ensured that even in this state, no gaps occur in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface or the sliding plate does not lift off the intermediate bearing part.

[0035] Advantageously, the primary sliding surface has a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably with PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA. Due to the permanently lubricated sliding material in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface, the friction between the sliding plate and the intermediate bearing part can be significantly reduced. Since at least two partial sliding surfaces are angled relative to each other, sliding materials with a low coefficient of friction can be used here. Due to the corresponding inclination of the inclined partial sliding surfaces, high horizontal forces can already be absorbed. This facilitates the sliding of the sliding plate along the movement axis. Preferably, the sliding material has a coefficient of friction of 0.03 or less for the nominal value of compression of the sliding material.

[0036] Advantageously, the sliding material has at least one lubricated sliding disk, which preferably has at least one lubrication pocket. The ready-made lubrication pocket allows the lubricant to be stored and evenly distributed over the entire sliding surface. This results in a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction and particularly low wear. This facilitates the sliding movement of the sliding plate along the movement axis and increases the maintenance intervals of the structural sliding bearing.

[0037] Preferably, at least two partial sliding surfaces angled towards each other are arranged in such a way that the corresponding sliding planes form a sloping roof shape, which is designed in such a way that the intersection line or the movement axis forms the ridge of the sloping roof. The shape of the sloping roof has the particular advantage that the accumulation of dirt and foreign bodies in the area of ​​the at least two partial sliding surfaces inclined towards each other can be avoided as far as possible. This is especially true in the area of ​​the movement axis, since the highest point of the sloping roof is represented as the roof ridge.

[0038] Preferably, at least two partial sliding surfaces angled to each other are arranged so that the corresponding sliding planes form the shape of an inverted sloping roof. Here too, the sloping roof is designed so that the intersection line or axis of movement forms the ridge of the sloping roof. Because the roof is inverted, the sliding plate in the center, where the load is greatest, can be made stronger than the ends, without having to take up additional vertical installation space. Thus, even with increased loads, installation space can be saved again.

[0039] Furthermore, the at least two partial sliding surfaces angled towards each other can be formed symmetrically with respect to one another with respect to a plane of symmetry passing through a vertical intersection. The symmetric arrangement of the at least two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces results in an improved self-centering of the sliding plate on the intermediate bearing part. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the conditions for the displacement of the sliding plate in both directions along the movement axis are as equal as possible, especially in the case of balanced force application from all sides. Furthermore, structural sliding bearings are simple in design and therefore cost-effective to manufacture. As explained further above, the vertical direction should be understood with reference to the movement plane of the sliding bearing of the building. The vertical direction can therefore also take a direction different from the vertical in the narrow sense.

[0040] Preferably, at least two of the sliding surfaces angled relative to each other of the primary sliding surface are of different sizes. This design is particularly advantageous when horizontal forces of different magnitudes act on the structural sliding bearing from different directions. Thus, the structural sliding bearing according to the invention can be specially designed to absorb a larger acting force from a certain horizontal direction transverse to the axis of movement than from the opposite direction. This prevents gaps and lift-off of the sliding plate even if the applied forces are non-uniform. Alternatively or additionally, the two opening angles between the symmetry plane and the respective inclined partial sliding surface can also be of different sizes.

[0041] Advantageously, at least one sliding plane is inclined downwards at a second angle relative to the horizontal, between 0 and 10 degrees, preferably between 6 degrees. Here, it is clarified that since the running surface is arranged at an angle relative to the horizontal plane, the boundary value of 0 degrees is not considered to be inclusive of the specified range.At a steeper second angle, higher horizontal forces across the corresponding movement axis can be absorbed by the respective inclined partial sliding surface. At the same time, it is also possible to use sliding materials with a low coefficient of friction in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface. On the one hand, this prevents gapping or even lift-off of the sliding plate from the intermediate bearing part. On the other hand, this minimizes the resistance of the sliding plate when it moves along the movement axis. As explained further above, the horizontal direction should be understood with reference to the movement plane of the structural sliding bearing. The horizontal plane can therefore also have an orientation different from the horizontal plane in the narrow sense. Particularly preferably, the second angle corresponds to the friction applied at least as allowed for the design.

[0042] Furthermore, the first angle is between 160 degrees and 180 degrees, preferably 168 degrees. It is explained here that the edge values ​​are not considered to be 180 degrees in the specified ranges because the slip planes are disposed at angles to each other. With a sharper first angle, correspondingly higher horizontal forces can be absorbed across the axis of movement by the respective inclined partial slideway. At the same time, it is also possible to use slides with a lower coefficient of friction in the area of ​​the primary slideway. On the one hand, this prevents gapping or even lift-off of the slide from the intermediate bearing part. On the other hand, this minimizes the resistance of the slide to movement along the axis of movement.

[0043] Preferably, the sliding plate has a plurality of parts, and the distance between the corresponding sliding plate parts is adjustable. This arrangement of the structural sliding bearing according to the invention provides a simple height adjustment. In particular, it becomes possible to adjust the distance between the sliding plate or sliding plate parts and the bearing base. Thus, the distance between the two structural parts also changes. Advantageously, the sliding plate is divided into two sliding plate parts. In this simplest case, one sliding plate part is arranged along each of the two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces. If the two sliding plate parts are pushed synchronously or away from each other along the corresponding sliding planes transverse to the movement axis, the horizontal distance between the two sliding plate parts and the bearing base of the structural sliding bearing also changes. On the other hand, if, for example, only one of the two sliding plate parts is displaced in this way, or if both sliding plate parts are displaced synchronously out of sync, the second structural part will tilt in its position relative to the first structure.

[0044] Structural plain bearings are also designed as pot bearings, with a pot lid in the intermediate bearing section and a pot with elastomer pads in the bearing pedestal. The pot lid and the elastomer pads underneath it allow for an effective transfer of vertically acting forces from the sliding plate to the pot. At the same time, torsion between the sliding plate and the pot is possible.

[0045] Alternatively, the structural sliding bearing is designed as a spherical bearing with a carrot in the intermediate bearing section. The carrot has a convex part, the bearing base has a corresponding concave part, and the convex part of the carrot is arranged to slide into the concave part of the bearing base. In this case too, the carrot effectively transfers the forces acting in the vertical direction from the sliding plate to the bearing base. Similarly, torsion between the sliding plate and the bearing base is made possible. In combination with the design of at least two partial sliding surfaces inclined to each other in the form of an inverted sloping roof, it is also achieved that the eccentricity from the acting horizontal forces is significantly reduced. At the same time, the sliding plate is thicker in the center, which is subject to the highest stresses, than at the ends. This means that the entire sliding plate can be made thinner and therefore more economically manufactured.

[0046] Preferably, the concave part of the bearing base has a depression at the lower pole, so that in the area of ​​the depression the convex part of the carrot does not come into contact with the concave part of the bearing base. The lower pole is understood to be the lowest point of the concave part of the bearing base. The depression at the lower pole increases the radius of gyration, increasing the pressure by reducing the pressure area while the outer diameter remains the same, reducing the resistance to friction and twisting, i.e. the acting torque. This reduces the risk of gaps. The reaction compression from the acting vertical load is therefore increased compared to the compression from the lifting horizontal force. This ratio can be controlled by the diameter of the depression. Thus, on the one hand, even larger forces can be absorbed by the structural sliding bearing without increasing the primary sliding surface. On the other hand, the structural sliding bearing can be individually adjusted and designed in combination with at least two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces of the primary sliding surface. Thus, both the choice of the initial angle and the choice of the diameter of the depression provide the possibility to adjust the ratio of absorbable vertical and horizontal forces.

[0047] Preferably, the recess is arranged in a circular shape in the center of the lower pole. This arrangement achieves a uniform effect of absorbable vertical and horizontal forces from different directions of action. Similarly, the forces acting on the bearing are transmitted evenly from the carrot to the lower part of the bearing. It is also conceivable to have an elliptical recess with a corresponding displacement of the uniform force transmission.

[0048] Advantageously, a sliding material, preferably a polymer sliding disk, is arranged in the lower concave part of the bearing, and a recess is formed in the sliding material. The sliding material or the polymer sliding disk can reduce friction in the area of ​​the secondary sliding surface of the spherical bearing. For this purpose, the sliding material is essentially in contact with the convex part of the carrot. The recess in the sliding material therefore avoids such contact with the carrot in this area, in order to achieve the advantages already described. Furthermore, the recess in the sliding material is also easy to manufacture. For example, an annular polymer sliding washer can be used, which is attached to the concave part of the bearing stand in the area of ​​the secondary sliding surface.

[0049] Advantageously, the structural plain bearing further comprises at least one abutment between the sliding plate and the bearing abutment. The abutment can be configured in any way to limit the movement of the sliding plate relative to the bearing abutment to a predefined range. Thus, the structural plain bearing can also be transformed into a fixed bearing. On the one hand, such a bearing has no play for lateral movement of the mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces. On the other hand, the torsional resistance is low.

[0050] The structural bearing system according to the invention comprises at least two plain bearings for connecting at least two structural components. Each plain bearing comprises a bearing base connectable to a first structural part, a sliding plate connectable to a second structural part, and an intermediate bearing part arranged between the bearing base and the sliding plate. At least one of the main planar sliding surfaces of the plain bearing is arranged between the intermediate bearing member and the sliding plate. The structural bearing system is further characterized in that the two plain bearings form a pair of bearings, the primary sliding surface of the first plain bearing being arranged in a first sliding plane angled with respect to the horizontal, and the primary sliding surface of the second plain bearing being arranged in a second sliding plane angled with respect to the horizontal. The sliding planes meet at a common intersection line forming an axis of motion of the pair of bearings along which the sliding plate can move.

[0051] The aforementioned advantages of the structural plain bearing according to the invention are now achieved by the corresponding structural bearing system. The two main sliding surfaces of the first and second plain bearings, which are inclined towards each other, achieve a functional integration of the vertical and horizontal force transmission within a pair of bearings, and therefore a functional integration of the entire structural bearing system. Thus, vertical forces acting across the axis of movement as well as horizontal forces can be absorbed by the primary sliding surfaces of the first and second plain bearings. The first plain bearing can only absorb horizontal forces from one specific direction across the axis of movement, while horizontal forces from the opposite direction are absorbed by the second plain bearing. Thus, both plain bearings complement each other, enabling the function and advantages of the aforementioned structural plain bearing as a structural bearing system.

[0052] As a result, the transmission of horizontal forces is completely met by the inclined primary sliding surfaces of both plain bearings, so that here too no centrally or laterally mounted rail structures are required. This significantly simplifies the design of the individual plain bearings and, consequently, the corresponding structural bearing system. The corresponding manufacturing costs can be significantly reduced. The installation space, which is only available to a limited extent, can also be significantly reduced. This applies not only to the rail structures but also to the complementary sliding plates. No sections or recesses in or on the sliding plate for engaging the guide rail are anymore required. The dimensions of the sliding plate, especially its thickness, can therefore be significantly reduced. The omission of the rail structures likewise eliminates the possibility of the ingress of dirt or foreign bodies into this area due to lateral movements. Finally, permanently lubricated sliding materials, which have significantly less friction and wear, can also be used for the guide surfaces.

[0053] Moreover, the two inclined primary sliding surfaces continuously self-center the system, which consists of a connected structure with respect to the axis of movement defined by the two sliding plates and the two plain bearings. This system is therefore always optimally positioned with respect to the intermediate bearing parts of the two plain bearings, avoiding the possibility of end compression along the axis of movement. Also, bearing play due to the use of guide rails is now non-existent. Such an arrangement is therefore particularly advantageous for the construction of bridges for high-speed railways, where it is essential to avoid a corresponding lateral offset.

[0054] The two separate sliding plates of the two sliding bearings further provide a simple height adjustment. In particular, it is possible to adjust the distance between the two sliding plates and the respective bearing base parts. Thus, the distance between the two structural parts is also changed. If the two sliding plates are pushed synchronously with each other or away from each other along corresponding sliding planes transverse to the movement axis, the horizontal distance between the two sliding plates and the respective bearing bases of the two sliding bearings also changes. On the other hand, if, for example, only one of the two sliding plates is displaced in this way or there is also an asynchronous displacement of both sliding plates, the second structural part is tilted in its position relative to the first structural part. Alternatively, the two sliding plates can be formed integrally.

[0055] As already explained above, horizontal should be understood with reference to the plane of motion of the structural bearing system, and therefore the horizontal plane may have an orientation different from the strictly horizontal plane.

[0056] Advantageously, at least two plain bearings are designed as plain and tilt bearings. For example, spherical bearings are conceivable. Spherical bearings provide the above-mentioned advantages. Alternatively, at least two plain bearings can be designed as elastomer bearings. In addition to the plain properties, there are also deformation properties of the intermediate bearing part, which allow for particularly effective compensation of rotating and point loads.

[0057] Advantageously, the first and second sliding planes surround the first angle, the first angle being selected in such a way that no gaps occur in the area of ​​the primary sliding surfaces when the structural bearing system is in the service state. The ratio of the maximum vertical and horizontal forces that the structural bearing system can absorb can be set by the selection of the mutual inclination or the first angle of the two primary sliding surfaces. This can be done without adjusting the dimensions of the individual primary sliding surfaces. Thus, by appropriately selecting the inclination of the two primary sliding surfaces relative to each other, gaps in the area of ​​the primary sliding surfaces can be avoided even with the use of maximum horizontal forces combined with the corresponding minimum vertical forces in the service state of the structural bearing system. For example, if the structural bearing system is designed for higher horizontal loads, the two inclined primary sliding surfaces are designed to be very steeply inclined with respect to the respective horizontal forces acting on them, so that in the service state of the structural bearing system, no gaps occur in the area of ​​the primary sliding surfaces. At the same time, a sliding material with the lowest possible friction can be used in the area of ​​the primary sliding surfaces, which nevertheless facilitates the movement of the sliding plates in the direction of the axis of movement as much as possible.

[0058] Preferably, the bearing pair is a uniaxially guided bearing pair in which the sliding plate can only move along the axis of movement relative to the intermediate bearing part, whereby the structural bearing system prevents further movement of the sliding plate relative to the intermediate bearing part than along the axis of movement, and thus the structural bearing system can be particularly used where horizontal movement in one direction is permitted.

[0059] Preferably, the first and second sliding planes are arranged such that the intersection line extends horizontally. Thus, the axis of movement of the pair of bearings also extends horizontally. In this configuration, the pair of bearings is uniformly loaded with respect to the transmission of forces. Furthermore, the sliding plate can move uniformly in both directions of the axis of movement with the same resistance. As explained above, the horizontal direction must be understood with reference to the plane of movement of the structural bearing system. Thus, the intersection line may take a direction different from the horizontal line in the strict sense.

[0060] Advantageously, the first angle is selected such that in an extreme state of the structural bearing system, no gaps occur in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface. The limit state occurs when the load of the structural bearing system is further increased from the service state. According to the DIN EN 1990:2010-12 standard on the fundamentals of structural design, this state is associated with collapse or other forms of structural failure. These limit states that affect the safety of persons and / or the safety of the structure are therefore also classified as ultimate limit states. It is therefore ensured that even in this state, no gaps occur in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface or the sliding plate does not lift off from the intermediate bearing part.

[0061] Advantageously, at least one primary sliding surface has a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably with PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA. A permanently lubricated sliding material in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface can significantly reduce the friction between the sliding plate and the intermediate bearing part. Due to the inclination of the primary sliding surface, sliding materials with a low coefficient of friction can be used. The absorption of high horizontal forces is already possible with a suitable inclination of the primary sliding surface. This facilitates the sliding of the sliding plate along the movement axis. Preferably, the sliding material has a coefficient of friction of 0.03 or less for the nominal value of compression of the sliding material.

[0062] Preferably, the sliding material has at least one lubricated sliding disk, which preferably has at least one lubrication pocket. The ready-made lubrication pocket allows the lubricant to be stored and evenly distributed over the entire sliding surface. This results in a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction and particularly low wear. This facilitates the sliding movement of the corresponding sliding plate along the movement axis and extends the maintenance intervals of the structural bearing system.

[0063] Advantageously, at least two primary sliding surfaces angled towards each other are arranged in such a way that the corresponding sliding planes form a sloping roof shape, which is designed in such a way that the intersection line or the movement axis forms the ridge of the sloping roof. The shape of the sloping roof has the particular advantage that the accumulation of dirt and foreign bodies in the area of ​​the primary sliding surfaces can be avoided as far as possible. This is particularly true in the area of ​​the movement axis when the first and second sliding bearings are installed in close proximity, since the movement axis as the roof ridge represents the uppermost point of the sloping roof.

[0064] Advantageously, at least two main sliding surfaces angled towards each other are arranged so that the corresponding sliding planes form an inverted sloping roof shape. Here again, the sloping roof is designed so that the intersection line or axis of movement forms the ridge of the sloping roof. Due to the inverted roof shape, each sliding plate can be made stronger at its end towards the axis of movement without adding additional installation space vertically. Thus, even with increased loads, installation space can be saved again.

[0065] Advantageously, at least two main sliding surfaces angled towards each other are formed symmetrically with respect to a symmetry plane passing through a vertical intersection. The arrangement according to the invention allows an improved self-centering of the system consisting of both the sliding plate and the connected structure with respect to the movement axis defined by the two sliding bearings. Moreover, it is advantageous if the conditions of displacement of each sliding plate in both directions along the movement axis are as equal as possible, especially in the case of balanced force application from all sides. Furthermore, the structural bearing system is simple in design and therefore cost-effective to manufacture. As explained further above, the vertical direction should be understood with reference to the movement plane of the bearing system of the building. The vertical direction can therefore also take a direction different from the vertical in the narrow sense.

[0066] Preferably, at least two of the angled primary sliding surfaces are of different sizes. This design is particularly advantageous when horizontal forces of different magnitudes act on the structural bearing system from different directions. In this way, the structural bearing system according to the invention can be specifically designed to absorb a larger force acting from a particular horizontal direction transverse to the axis of movement than from the opposite direction. In this way, it is possible to ensure that no gaps or even lift-off of the sliding plates occurs even when the forces are applied unevenly.

[0067] Advantageously, at least one sliding plane is inclined downwards at a second angle relative to the horizontal, between 0 and 10 degrees, preferably 6 degrees. Here, it is clarified that since the glide plane is oriented at an angle to the horizontal, the boundary value of 0 degrees is not considered to be inclusive of the specified range. At a steeper second angle, higher horizontal forces across the corresponding movement axis can be absorbed by the respective inclined partial sliding surface. At the same time, it is also possible to use sliding materials with a low coefficient of friction in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface. On the one hand, this makes it possible to prevent gapping or even lift-off of the sliding plate from the intermediate bearing part. On the other hand, it minimizes the resistance of the sliding plate when it moves along the movement axis. As explained further above, horizontal should be understood with reference to the movement plane of the structural bearing system. The horizontal plane can therefore also have an orientation different from the horizontal plane in the strict sense. Particularly preferably, the second angle corresponds to the friction applied at least as allowed by the design.

[0068] Preferably, the first angle is between 160 degrees and 180 degrees, preferably 168 degrees. Here, it is clarified that because the slip plane is positioned at an angle, the 180 degree edge value is not considered to be inclusive of the specified range. At a more acute first angle, higher horizontal forces across the corresponding axis of movement can be absorbed by the respective inclined primary slideway. At the same time, it is also possible to use slide materials with a lower coefficient of friction in the area of ​​the primary slideway. On the one hand, this makes it possible to prevent gapping or even lift-off of the slideway from the intermediate bearing part. On the other hand, it minimizes the resistance of the slideway to movement along the axis of movement.

[0069] Advantageously, the first and / or second sliding bearing preferably has a lateral abutment device, which limits the movement of the sliding plate relative to the bearing base. Thus, the rotation of the second structural part relative to the first structural part is neutralized. Preferably, the abutment device is designed such that the torque acting on the second structural part is supported around an axis parallel to the movement axis. The abutment device can be designed, for example, as a one-piece abutment device or a multi-part abutment device. In one example, the abutment device is attached to the bearing base.

[0070] Advantageously, the abutment devices are arranged on the respective plain bearing side facing the movement axis or inclined away from the movement axis. This arrangement allows absorbing torques acting on the second structural part around an axis parallel to the movement axis. Preferably, the abutment devices are arranged on the side of the plain bearing that is vertically higher. This has the advantage that when torques are small or negligible, mainly the vertical force component of its own weight acts on the bearing against operationally induced additional loads. This completely eliminates forces imposed on the abutment devices, which significantly reduces wear on the abutment devices and increases their lifespan.

[0071] Advantageously, the abutment device has an adjustment device for adjusting the position of the abutment device. Depending on the circumstances, the abutment device can be optimally and precisely adjusted to the individual components of the plain bearing. The adjustment device can be implemented, for example, via a screw connection. It is also conceivable that the adjustment device has an electric motor in order to adjust the position of the abutment device particularly precisely and / or automatically.

[0072] Preferably, the abutment device has a sliding device that guides the sliding plate in a direction parallel to the axis of movement. The sliding device allows the abutment device to continue to move the sliding plate relative to the bearing base along the axis of movement with as little friction as possible, despite the function of limiting the movement towards or away from the axis of movement. In one embodiment, the sliding device is designed as a sliding part.

[0073] Advantageously, the structural bearing system has at least two pairs of bearings and axles. The pairs of bearings are arranged in succession along the axle, with the primary sliding surfaces angled towards each other being arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes of the pair of bearings alternate along the axle with the shape of a sloping roof and the shape of an upside-down sloping roof. Preferably, the axle may be straight in shape. Curved axles are also conceivable, as for example in the case of roads, railways or pipelines. The alternating arrangement of the primary sliding surfaces allows possible torsional torques of the structure to be absorbed in a targeted manner.

[0074] Preferably, the structural bearing system has at least two pairs of bearings and axles. The pairs of bearings are arranged in succession along the axis with their primary slip surfaces angled relative to one another such that the corresponding slip planes of the pairs of bearings alternately form a sloped roof shape and an upside-down sloped roof shape for every second pair of bearings along the axis. Preferably, the axles may be straight in shape. Curved axles are also conceivable, as for example in the case of roads, railways or pipelines. This principle can be applied in particular when several single-span beams are supported one behind the other along the axis by the structural bearing system. Here, one end of each single-span beam is held by a pair of bearings. At the connection points between the single-span beams, a constant arrangement of the primary slip surfaces of both pairs of bearings is used in each case. Thus, in the case of a lateral expansion of the structure, the height offset of the joint between two single-span beams can be kept as small as possible. Preferably, the inclination of the primary slip surfaces is also identical for two successive sliding bearings along the axis in the area of ​​such connection points. This allows to further reduce the risk of height deviations.

[0075] The structural plain bearings and bearing systems according to the present invention are therefore as simple in design as possible, while at the same time requiring no maintenance and being able to operate reliably for extended periods under increased forces, thus reducing the costs and effort involved in the manufacture and operation of the structural plain bearings and bearing systems.

[0076] In the following, advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained diagrammatically with reference to the figures. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0077] [Figure 1] 1 shows a perspective view of a single-axis guide pot bearing as known from the prior art and as described in the introductory part of the present disclosure; [Diagram 2] 1 shows a perspective view of a uniaxial guide spherical bearing as known from the prior art and as described in the introductory part of the present disclosure; [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a structural plain bearing in the form of a spherical bearing according to a first embodiment. [Figure 4] An exploded view of the structure of the plain bearing shown in FIG. 3 is shown. [Diagram 5] FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the sliding bearing shown in FIG. 3 with the sliding plate removed. [Figure 6] A cross section is shown along line AA shown in FIG. [Figure 7] A cross section is shown along line BB shown in FIG. [Figure 8] 1 shows a series of schematic cross-sectional views of a structural plain bearing in the form of a spherical bearing according to a second embodiment, illustrating the height adjustment of the structural plain bearing. [Figure 9] 1 shows an exploded view of a structural plain bearing in the form of a spherical bearing according to a third embodiment. [Figure 10] 1 shows an exploded view of a structural plain bearing in the form of a spherical bearing according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 11] 1 shows an exploded view of a structural plain bearing in the form of a pot bearing according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 12] 1 shows a schematic side view of a structural bearing system according to a first embodiment; [Figure 13] 1 shows a schematic side view of a structural bearing system according to a second embodiment. [Figure 14] A schematic side view of a structural bearing system according to a third embodiment is shown. [Figure 15]A schematic top view of a structural bearing system according to a fourth embodiment is shown. [Figure 16] A schematic top view of a structural bearing system according to a fifth embodiment is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0078] Identical components in the various embodiments are marked with the same reference symbols.

[0079] 3-7 show the schematic structure of a structural plain bearing 210 corresponding to a particularly advantageous first embodiment. The structural plain bearing 210 is designed in the form of a uniaxial guide spherical bearing and has a bearing base 212, which can be connected to a first structural part, a carrot as an intermediate bearing part 214, and a sliding plate 216, which can be connected to a second structural part for force transmission.

[0080] The bearing base 212 includes a concave portion 218 in that the carrot can be slid by its convex portion 220. Thus, between the convex portion 220 of the carrot and the concave portion 218 of the bearing base 212, there is a secondary sliding surface 222 of the structural sliding bearing 210. In the region of the secondary sliding surface 222, a sliding material 224 in the form of a polymer sliding disk is arranged on the concave portion 218 of the bearing base 212. This can reduce friction between the convex portion 220 of the carrot and the concave portion 218 of the bearing base 212. Thus, the movement of the carrot relative to the bearing base 212 is facilitated, and the structural sliding bearing 210 allows rotation around vertical and horizontal axes.

[0081] As can be seen especially from the exploded view of FIG. 4, the sliding plate 216 slidably rests on a carrot connected to a second structural part above. Thus, the primary sliding surface 226 of the structural sliding bearing 210 is disposed between the carrot and the sliding plate 216. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 5 and the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 6 and 7, the primary sliding surface 226 includes two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B that are inclined to each other. Both partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B are disposed on two mutually angled sliding planes 230A and 230B that intersect at a common horizontal line of intersection S. The intersection S forms the movement axis A of the structural sliding bearing 210, along which the sliding plate 216 can move. Thus, it can allow a suitable displacement of the first structural part relative to the second structural part.

[0082] The two mutually inclined partial slideways 228A and 228B are arranged such that the corresponding slide planes 230A and 230B form the shape of a sloping roof. Here, the shape of an inverted sloping roof (not shown) is considered, in which the axis of movement A in each case forms the ridge of the sloping roof. Moreover, the two mutually inclined partial slideways 228A and 228B are of equal size and are formed symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry E that runs vertically through the intersection line S. Alternatively, the two mutually inclined partial slideways 228A and 228B may also be of different sizes (not shown).

[0083] Furthermore, the primary sliding surface 226 has a sliding material 232 for reducing friction between the carrot and the sliding plate 216. In this case, each of the two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B has a permanently lubricated polymer sliding disk, each of which is attached in a recess 234 on the carrot. The polymer sliding disk is made of PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA and is equipped with preformed lubricating pockets that can store lubricant and distribute it uniformly over the entire contact surface. As a result, the sliding material 232 has a very low coefficient of friction and is particularly low-wear in its use. In the present embodiment, the coefficient of friction is at most 0.03.

[0084] The special arrangement of the primary sliding surface 226 or the two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B inclined relative to each other allows a functional combination of vertical and horizontal force transmission. Thus, the structural sliding bearing 210 can, on the one hand, absorb forces acting in the vertical direction via the two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B and transmit them from the second structural part to the first structural part. Thus, in this embodiment, forces acting in the vertical direction are introduced from the second structural part to the first structural part via the sliding plate 216, the carrot and the bearing base 212. On the other hand, horizontal forces directed transverse to the movement axis A can also be absorbed by the two mutually inclined partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B and transmitted accordingly between the two structural parts.

[0085] The ratio of absorbable vertical loads and horizontal forces across the movement axis A can be adjusted by the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B or the corresponding two sliding planes 230A and 230B. Thus, both sliding planes 230A and 230B include a first angle α selected such that no gap occurs in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface 226 when the structural sliding bearing 210 is in use. In fact, the first angle α of the structural sliding bearing 210 is selected such that no gap occurs in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface 226 even in the extreme state of the structural sliding bearing 210. The structural sliding bearing 210 shown in Figures 3 to 7 has a first angle of 168 degrees. However, if the structural sliding bearing 210 is to be designed for very high horizontal forces, a sharper first angle α can be used.

[0086] Alternatively or additionally, the inclination of the two sliding planes 230A and 230B can also be specified via their intersection angle with respect to the horizontal H. Thus, both sliding planes 230A and 230B are inclined downwards by a second angle β with respect to the horizontal H. In this embodiment, both sliding planes 230A and 230B of the structural sliding bearing 210 have the same second angle β (6 degrees). However, in the case of application of very high horizontal forces, a particularly steep angle may be selected. It would also be possible for the sliding plane 230A to have a different second angle β than the sliding plane 230B (not shown) in order to specifically accommodate the application of different levels of forces from different directions.

[0087] 8 shows a sequence of two schematic cross-sectional views of a structural plain bearing 310 according to a second embodiment, illustrating the height adjustment of the structural plain bearing. The structural plain bearing 310 is substantially similar to the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment. Identical components will not be described further below.

[0088] However, the structural plain bearing 310 differs from the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment in that the sliding plate 316 is formed in multiple parts, and the distance between the corresponding sliding plate parts 316A and 316B is adjustable. In this embodiment, the sliding plate 316 is simply divided into two halves, so that the sliding plate 316 is formed by two equal-sized sliding plate parts 316A and 316B. The two sliding plate parts 316A and 316B are each disposed along one of the two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B that are inclined relative to each other. This is to cooperate to provide a horizontal connection of the second structural part.

[0089] The left side of the two cross sections in Fig. 8 shows the initial state of the structural plain bearing 310 before height adjustment. The two sliding plate parts 316A and 316B are arranged separated from each other by a first horizontal distance d1. In this case, both sliding plate parts 316A and 316B have the same horizontal distance from the movement axis A. In this arrangement, the structural plain bearing 310 has a first overall height G1.

[0090] When the two sliding plate parts 316A and 316B are pushed toward or away from each other synchronously along the respective partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B, the first overall height G1 of the structural sliding bearing changes by a height difference ΔH. Thus, an easy height adjustment of the structural sliding bearing 310 is possible. In the right cross section of FIG. 8, an example of the final state of the structural sliding bearing 310 after the two sliding bearing parts 316A and 316B are appropriately moved toward each other is shown. As can be seen, the horizontal first distance d1 between the two sliding plate parts 316A and 316B is reduced to a horizontal second distance d2. Nevertheless, both sliding plate parts 316A and 316B still have the same horizontal distance from the movement axis A, respectively. Thus, the first overall height G1 is correspondingly increased to a second overall height G2 by a height difference ΔH. On the other hand, when the two slider portions 316A and 316B are moved apart, the first overall height G1 decreases accordingly.

[0091] 9 shows a schematic exploded view of a structural plain bearing 410 according to the invention according to a third advantageous embodiment. Said structural plain bearing 310 essentially corresponds to said structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment. Identical components will not be described further below.

[0092] However, the structural plain bearing 410 differs from the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment in that the recess 418 of the bearing stand 412 includes a depression 436 at the lower pole P. In the region of the depression 436, the convex part 220 of the carrot is therefore not in contact with the concave part 418 of the bearing stand 412. In this embodiment, this depression 436 is formed in a polymeric sliding disk of the sliding material 424 in the region of the second sliding surface 422. In this respect, the depression 436 has a circular shape centered relative to the lower pole P.

[0093] The recess 436 at the lower pole P increases the radius of gyration. Thus, the reaction pressure from the acting vertical load increases compared to the pressure from the lifting horizontal force. This ratio can be controlled by the diameter D of the recess 436. Thus, on the one hand, even larger forces can be accommodated by the structural plain bearing 410. On the other hand, the structural plain bearing 410 with the recess 436 offers further adjustment possibilities to adjust the ratio between absorbable vertical and horizontal forces. Thus, the selection of the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces 228A and 228B inclined to each other can be adapted to the diameter D of the recess 436 in order to optimally design the structural plain bearing 410 for a wide variety of force effects.

[0094] 10 shows a schematic exploded view of a structural plain bearing 510 according to the invention according to a fourth advantageous embodiment. Said structural plain bearing 510 substantially corresponds to said structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment. Identical components will not be described further below.

[0095] The structural plain bearing 510 differs from the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment in that the sliding plate 516 includes two abutments 538. The abutments 538 are respectively arranged on the sliding plate 516 at the center, the lateral side, and the opposite side. Both stops 538 protrude toward the bearing stand 212, so that the abutments 538 are arranged between the bearing stand 212 and the sliding plate 516. Thus, the movement of the sliding plate 516 relative to the bearing stand 212 is limited. In this embodiment, the abutments 538 are configured to convert the structural plain bearing 510 into a fixed bearing.

[0096] 11 shows a perspective view of a structural plain bearing 610 according to the present invention, according to a fifth advantageous embodiment. The structural plain bearing 610 is substantially identical to the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment. Identical components will not be described further below.

[0097] However, the structural plain bearing 610 differs from the structural plain bearing 210 of the first embodiment in that it is configured as a pot bearing. The intermediate bearing part 614 is therefore formed as a pot lid on which the sliding plate 216 rests in a slidable manner. On the other hand, the bearing stand 612 has a pot with an elastomeric pad 640 to allow slight rotation or displacement of the pot lid and thus the pot bearing arranged thereon. All the advantages of the described primary sliding surface apply accordingly.

[0098] 12 shows a schematic side view of a structural bearing system 700 according to the present invention according to a first embodiment. Here, the advantages of the structural plain bearings described above are realized by two separate plain bearings 710A and 710B. Thus, said structural bearing system 700 has a first plain bearing 710A and a second plain bearing 710B for connecting a first structural part 712 to a second structural part 714. In this example, the first plain bearing 710A and the second plain bearing 710B are plain and tilt bearings, respectively.

[0099] The first slide and tilt bearing 710A and the second slide and tilt bearing 710B have essentially the same components. Thus, the first slide and tilt bearing 710A includes a bearing stand 716A that can be attached to the first structural component 712, a sliding plate 718A that can be attached to the second structural component 714, and an intermediate bearing portion 720A or tilt portion disposed between the bearing stand 716A and the sliding plate 718A. In this regard, a planar primary sliding surface 722A of the first slide and tilt bearing 710A extends between the intermediate bearing portion 720A and the sliding plate 718A.

[0100] The second slide and tilt bearing 710B also has a bearing stand 716B that can be attached to the first structural part 712, a sliding plate 718B that can be attached to the second structural part 714, and an intermediate bearing portion 720B or tilted portion disposed between the bearing stand 716B and the sliding plate 718B. Thus, the planar primary sliding surface 722B of the second sliding tilt bearing 710B now also extends between the intermediate bearing portion 720B and the sliding plate 718B.

[0101] Both the plain and tilt bearings 710A and 710B form a pair of bearings of uniaxial guidance. Here, the primary sliding surface 722A of the first plain tilt bearing 710A is arranged on a first sliding plane 724A inclined with respect to the horizontal H. And the primary sliding surface 722B of the second plain tilt bearing 710B is arranged on a second sliding plane 724B inclined with respect to the horizontal H. Thereby, both the sliding planes 724A and 724B intersect at a common horizontal line of intersection S, thereby forming a movement axis A of the pair of bearings, along which the two sliding plates 718A and 718B can move. Thus, a corresponding displacement of the first structural part 712 relative to the second structural part 714 can be allowed.

[0102] The two inclined primary slideways 722A and 722B are arranged such that the first slide plane 724A and the second slide plane 724B form the shape of an inverted sloping roof. Considered here is the shape of a normal sloping roof (not shown), in which the axis of movement A in each case forms the ridge of the sloping roof. Moreover, the two mutually inclined primary slideways 722A and 722B are of equal size and are formed symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry E that runs vertically through the intersection line S. Alternatively, the two mutually inclined primary slideways 722A and 722B may also be of different sizes (not shown).

[0103] Furthermore, each of the two primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B includes a sliding material 726 for reducing friction between the two intermediate bearing parts 720A and 720B and the respective sliding plates 718A and 718B. In this case, each of the two inclined primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B includes a permanently lubricated polymer sliding disk, each of which is arranged in a recess 728 on the respective intermediate bearing member 720A and 720B. The polymer sliding disk is made of PTFE, UHMWPE, POM, and / or PA and is equipped with preformed lubricating pockets that can store and evenly supply lubricant to the entire contact surface. As a result, the sliding material 726 has a very low coefficient of friction and is particularly low-wear in its use. In the present embodiment, the coefficient of friction is at most 0.03.

[0104] Due to the special arrangement of the two main sliding surfaces 722A and 722B, the functional unity of the transmission of vertical and horizontal forces in the pair of bearings is also achieved here. Thus, on the one hand, the pair of bearings can absorb vertically acting forces and transmit them from the second structural part 714 to the first structural part 712 via the two inclined primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B. Thus, in this embodiment, the forces acting in the vertical direction are introduced from the second structural part 714 to the first structural part 712 via the two sliding plates 718A and 718B, the two intermediate bearing parts 720A and 720B, and the bearing pedestals 716A and 716B, respectively. On the other hand, the horizontal forces directed transversely to the movement axis A can also be absorbed by the two main sliding surfaces 722A and 722B inclined relative to each other and are transmitted between the two structural parts 712 and 714 accordingly.

[0105] The ratio of absorbable vertical loads and horizontal forces across the movement axis A can be adjusted by the inclination of the two primary sliding planes 722A and 722B, or the first sliding plane 724A and the second sliding plane 724B. Thus, both sliding planes 724A and 724B include a first angle α selected such that no gaps are formed in the area of ​​the two primary sliding planes 722A and 722B when the structural bearing system 700 is in use. The first angle α of the structural bearing system 700 is even selected such that no gaps are formed in the area of ​​the two primary sliding planes 722A and 722B even in the extreme condition of the structural bearing system 700. The illustrated structural bearing system 700 has a first angle α of 140 degrees. However, if the structural bearing system 700 is to be designed for lower horizontal forces, a more obtuse first angle α, such as between 160 degrees and 180 degrees or even exactly 168 degrees, can be used.

[0106] Alternatively or supplementally, the inclination of the first and second slip planes 724A and 724B can also be specified via their intersection angle with respect to the horizontal H. Thus, both slip planes 724A and 724B are inclined downwards by a second angle β with respect to the horizontal H. In this embodiment, both slip planes 724A and 724B of the structural bearing system 700 have the same second angle β (20 degrees in this case). However, a shallower second angle β can be selected if the horizontal force application is less, such as between 0 and 10 degrees, or exactly 6 degrees. It would also be possible for the slip plane 724A to have a different second angle β than the slip plane 724B (not shown) to specifically accommodate the application of different levels of force from different directions.

[0107] In the structural bearing system 700, the two plain and tilt bearings 710A and 710B have separate sliding plates 718A and 718B, respectively, so that again simple height adjustment is achieved using a corresponding pair of bearings. The principle of height adjustment shown in Figure 8 can be applied, where the two sliding plates 718A and 718B respectively represent the sliding plate portions 316A and 316B of the two-part sliding plate 316.

[0108] 13 shows a schematic side view of a structural bearing system 700 according to the invention according to a second embodiment. The structural bearing system 700 of the second embodiment essentially corresponds to the structural bearing system 700 of the first embodiment. Components of the same design will not be described further below.

[0109] The structural bearing system 700 of the second embodiment differs from the structural bearing system 700 of the first embodiment in that the two inclined primary sliding surfaces 722A and 722B are arranged such that the first sliding plane 724A and the second sliding plane 724B form the shape of a regular inclined roof. Furthermore, the first sliding and tilting bearing 710A includes a lateral abutment device 730A that limits the movement of the sliding plate 718A relative to the bearing base 716A. The abutment device 730A is arranged on the side of the first sliding and tilting bearing 710A that faces the movement axis A. For this purpose, the abutment device 730A is integrally formed and attached to the bearing base 716A. Furthermore, the abutment device 730A has a sliding device 732A in the form of a sliding bar that guides the sliding plate 718A in a direction parallel to the movement axis A. By means of the adjustment device it is possible to adjust the lateral distance of the abutment device 730A from the bearing stand 716A and therefore also from the slide plate 718A. This is achieved here by means of a screw connection between the bearing stand 716A and the abutment device 730A.

[0110] Furthermore, the second sliding and tilt bearing 710B has a lateral abutment device 730B, which limits the movement of the sliding plate 718B relative to the bearing base 716B. The abutment device 730B is arranged on the side of the second sliding and tilt bearing 710B facing the movement axis A. For this purpose, the abutment device 730B is formed integrally and fixed to the bearing base 716B. Furthermore, the abutment device 730B has a sliding device 732B in the form of a sliding bar, which guides the sliding plate 718B in a direction parallel to the movement axis A. By means of an adjustment device, the lateral distance of the abutment device 730B from the bearing base 716B and thus also from the sliding plate 718B can be adjusted. This is again achieved by a screw connection between the bearing base 716b and the abutment device 730b.

[0111] If a torque M acts on the second structural part 714 around an axis parallel to the movement axis A in a clockwise direction, it is pulled against the abutment device 730A of the first slide and tilt bearing 710A and is supported on the other side at the instantaneous center of rotation MP of the base of the second slide and tilt bearing 710B. As a result, a force F acts on the abutment device 730A, counteracting the rotation of the second structural part 714. The same is true for a counterclockwise torque. In this case, the second structural part 714 is pulled against the abutment device 730B of the second slide and tilt bearing 710B and is supported on the other side at the instantaneous center of rotation MP of the base of the first slide and tilt bearing 710A.

[0112] In this embodiment, both abutment devices 730A and 730B are located at the vertically higher side of the corresponding sliding and tilting bearings 710A and 710B. Therefore, when the acting torque is small or negligible, mainly the vertical force component of its own weight acts on the bearing against the additional load induced by the operation, which makes the abutment devices 730A and 730B completely forceless. Therefore, with proper dimensions, the abutment devices 730A and 730B rarely operate, which is favorable for fatigue life.

[0113] 14 shows a schematic side view of a structural bearing system 700 according to the present invention according to a third embodiment. The structural bearing system 700 of the third embodiment essentially corresponds to the structural bearing system 700 of the second embodiment. Components of the same design will not be described further below.

[0114] The structural bearing system 700 of the third embodiment differs from the structural bearing system 700 of the second embodiment in that the first plain bearing 710A and the second plain bearing 710B are designed as elastomeric bearings. To this end, the respective intermediate bearing parts 720A and 720B have an elastomeric layer that provides corresponding deformation properties.

[0115] 15 shows a schematic top view of a structural bearing system 800 according to the present invention, according to a fourth embodiment. The structural bearing system 800 has two pairs of bearings 810 and 820 arranged along an axis B. Each pair of bearings 810 and 820 includes two sliding bearings 810A, 810B, 820A, 820B. Thus, the first pair of bearings 810 includes a first plain bearing 810A and a second plain bearing 810B. The second pair of bearings 820 includes a first plain bearing 820A and a second plain bearing 820B.

[0116] The second structural component 714 is supported by a structural bearing system 800. Thereby, two pairs of bearings 810 and 820 are placed on the elongated ends of the second structural component 714, resulting in a single span beam. The first pair of bearings 810 corresponds to the pair of bearings of the structural bearing system 700 of the first embodiment, as shown in Figure 12. Thus, the two main sliding surfaces angled towards each other are now positioned such that the corresponding sliding planes form an inverted sloped roof.

[0117] The second pair of bearings 820 is similarly essentially the same as that of the first embodiment. However, here, the two mutually angled primary sliding surfaces are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes form a normal inclined roof shape. Thus, the mutually angled primary sliding surfaces of the pair of bearings 810, 820 are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes of the first pair of bearings 810 and the second pair of bearings 820 alternately form an inclined roof shape and an inverted inclined roof shape along axis B. This principle can also be applied to three or more consecutive pairs of bearings. Alternating mutually angled primary sliding surfaces along axis B can be particularly effective in absorbing torsional torque of the second structural component 714. In another embodiment, a pair of bearings of the structural bearing system 700 of the second or third embodiment is used for the structural bearing system 800.

[0118] 16 shows a schematic top view of a structural bearing system 900 according to the present invention according to a fifth embodiment. The structural bearing system 900 has four pairs of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 arranged along the axis B. Each pair of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 includes two sliding bearings. Thus, every pair of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 includes a first sliding bearing 910A, 920A, 930A, 940A and a second sliding bearing 910B, 920B, 930B, 940B. The second structural part 914 includes two single-span beams 914A, 914B. Both single-span beams 914A, 914B are arranged immediately in succession along the axis B. Each single span beam 914A, 914B may represent, for example, a railroad section, a road section, or a section of a pipeline.

[0119] As before, two single span beams 914A, 914B are supported at their elongated ends by pairs of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940. Thus, the first single span beam 914A is supported by a first pair of bearings 910 and a second pair of bearings 920, while the second single span beam 914B is supported by a third pair of bearings 930 and a fourth pair of bearings 940.

[0120] All pairs of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 are substantially the same as the pairs of bearings of the structural bearing system 700 of the first embodiment. However, here the mutually inclined primary sliding surfaces are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes of the pairs of bearings 910, 920, 930, 940 alternately form a sloped roof shape and an inverted sloped roof shape for each second pair of bearings along the axis B. In particular, the two sliding surfaces of the first pair of bearings 910 and the fourth pair of bearings 940 have a sloped roof shape, whereas the two sliding planes of the second pair of bearings 920 and the third pair of bearings 930 are in the form of an inverted sloped roof. Thus, the same arrangement of primary sliding surfaces or sliding planes is used in the area of ​​the connection points of both single-span beams 914A, 914B.

[0121] The inclination of the main sliding surfaces of the first sliding inclined bearing 920A of the second pair of bearings 920 and the first sliding inclined bearing 930A of the third pair of bearings 930 are identical. The corresponding first and second angles are therefore also identical here. The same applies to the first sliding surfaces of the second sliding and inclined bearing 920B of the second pair of bearings 920 and the second sliding and inclined bearing 930B of the third pair of bearings 930. In this way, the height offset in the region of the connection points between the two single-span beams 714A, 714B is kept as small as possible in the case of lateral expansion of the structure. In a further embodiment, a pair of bearings of the structural bearing system 700 of the second or third embodiment is used in the structural bearing system 900. [Explanation of symbols]

[0122] 10 pot bearing, 12 pot, 14 recess, 16 elastomeric pad, 18 internal seal, 20 pot lid, 22 sliding plate, 24 primary sliding surface, 26 sliding material, 28 central guide rail, 30 sliding material, 110 spherical bearing, 112 bearing base, 114 carrot, 116 secondary sliding surface, 118 sliding material, 120 sliding plate, 122 primary sliding surface, 124 sliding material, 126 lateral guide rail, 128 sliding material, 210 structural sliding bearing, 212 bearing base, 214 intermediate bearing part, 216 sliding plate, 218 recess, 220 protrusion, 222 secondary sliding surface, 224 sliding material, 226 primary sliding surface, 228A partial sliding surface, 228B Partial slide surface, 230A Angled slide surface, 230B Angled slide surface, 232 Slide material, 234 Indentation, 310 Structural slide bearing, 316 Slide plate, 316A Slide plate portion, 316B Slide plate portion, 316B Slide plate portion, 410 Structural slide bearing, 412 Bearing base, 418 Indentation, 422 Secondary slide surface, 424 Slide material, 436 Indentation, 510 Structural slide bearing, 516 Slide plate, 538 Abutment, 610 Structural slide bearing, 612 Bearing base, 614 Intermediate bearing portion, 640 Elastomeric phase, 700 Structural slide bearing, 710A Primary slide bearing, 710B Secondary slide bearing, 712 Primary structural portion, 714 Secondary structural portion, 716A Bearing base, 716B Bearing base, 718A Slide plate, 718B Slide plate, 720A Intermediate bearing portion, 720B Intermediate bearing portion, 722A Primary slide surface, 722B Primary slide surface, 724A Primary slide plane, 724B Secondary slide plane, 726 Slide material, 728 Indentation, 730A Abutment device, 730B Abutment device, 732A Slide device, 732B Slide device, 800 Structural bearing system, 810 First pair of bearings, 810A Primary slide bearing, 810B Secondary slide bearing, 820 Second pair of bearings, 820A Primary slide bearing, 820B Secondary slide bearing, 900 Structural slide bearing, 910 First pair of bearings, 910A Primary slide bearing, 910B Secondary plain bearing, 914 Second structural part, 914A First single span beam, 914B Second single span beam, 920 Second pair of bearings, 920A Primary plain bearing, 920B Secondary plain bearing, 930 First pair of bearings, 930APrimary plain bearing, 930B secondary plain bearing, 940 first pair of bearings, 940A primary plain bearing, 940B secondary plain bearing, A moving axis, B axis, D diameter, E symmetry plane, F force, G1 first total height, G2 second total height, H horizontal, M torque, MP instantaneous rotation center, P lower pillar, S intersection line, d1 first distance, d2 second distance, α first angle, β second angle, ΔH height difference.

Claims

1. A structural plain bearing (210) for connecting a first structural component to a second structural component, comprising: a bearing stand (212) mountable to said first structural component; a slide (216) attachable to said second structural component; and an intermediate bearing portion (214) disposed between the bearing stand (212) and the sliding plate (216); a primary sliding surface (226) of the structural sliding bearing (210) is disposed between the intermediate bearing portion (214) and the sliding plate (216); The primary sliding surface (226) is at least two partial slide surfaces (228A, 228B) each arranged on a slide surface (230A, 230B) angled relative to one another, said slide surfaces (230A, 230B) meeting at a common intersection line (S) forming an axis of movement (A) of said structural slide bearing (210) along which said slide plate (216) may move; and A structural plain bearing (210), wherein the two sliding surfaces (230A, 230B) enclose a first angle (α), and the first angle (α) is selected such that no gap occurs in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface (226) at a serviceability limit state of the structural plain bearing (210).

2. The structural plain bearing (210) is a single-axis guide structural plain bearing in which the sliding plate (216) can move only along the movement axis (A) relative to the intermediate bearing portion (214). The structural plain bearing (210) of claim 1.

3. The two slide surfaces (230A, 230B) are arranged so that the intersection line (S) is horizontal.

3. A structural plain bearing (210) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. the first angle (α) is selected such that, in an extreme condition of the structural plain bearing (210), no gap is created in the area of ​​the primary sliding surface (226); A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The primary slide surface (226) has a permanently lubricated slide material (232); A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The sliding material (232) of the primary sliding surface (226) comprises PTFE, UHMWPE, POM, and / or PA. The structural plain bearing (210) of claim 5.

7. The friction coefficient of the sliding material (232) of the primary sliding surface (226) does not exceed 0.03; The structural plain bearing (210) according to claim 5 or 6.

8. The sliding material (232) of the primary sliding surface (226) comprises at least one lubricated sliding disc. A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 5 to 7.

9. The at least one lubricated sliding disc includes at least one lubrication pocket. The structural plain bearing (210) of claim 8.

10. At least two partial slideways (228A, 228B) angled relative to one another are arranged such that corresponding slideways (230A, 230B) form a sloped roof profile; 10. A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. At least two partial slideways (228A, 228B) angled relative to one another are arranged such that corresponding slideways (230A, 230B) form an inverted sloped roof shape; A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. At least two partial sliding surfaces (228A, 228B) angled to each other are formed symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry (E) extending vertically through the intersection line (S); A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. At least two partial slideways (228A, 228B) angled relative to one another of the primary slideway (226) are formed with different sizes; A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. At least one slideway (230A, 230B) is inclined downwardly with respect to the horizontal (H) at a second angle (β) between 0 and 10 degrees; A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. At least one slide surface (230A, 230B) is inclined downwardly by a second angle (β) of 6 degrees relative to the horizontal (H). A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

16. The first angle (α) is an angle between 160 degrees and 180 degrees.

16. A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The first angle (α) is 168 degrees.

16. A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

18. The slide (316) is a multi-part, and the distance between corresponding slide parts (316A, 316B) is adjustable.

18. A structural plain bearing (310) according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

19. The structural plain bearing (610) is designed as a pot bearing in which the intermediate bearing part (614) has a pot lid and the bearing stand (612) has a pot with an elastomeric pad (616).

19. A structural plain bearing (610) according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

20. The structural plain bearing (210) is designed as a spherical bearing in which the intermediate bearing part (214) is carrot; The carrot has a protrusion (220) and the bearing base (212) has a corresponding recess (218), and the protrusion (220) of the carrot is slidably disposed in the recess (218) of the bearing base (212).

19. A structural plain bearing (210) according to any one of claims 1 to 18.

21. the concave portion (418) of the bearing stand (412) has a depression (436) at the lower pole (P) so that in the region of the depression (436) the convex portion (220) of the carrot does not come into contact with the concave portion (418) of the bearing stand (412); 21. The structural plain bearing (410) of claim 20.

22. The depressions (436) are arranged in a circular pattern in the center of the lower pole (P).

22. The structural plain bearing (410) of claim 21.

23. A slide material (424) is disposed on the concave portion (418) of the bearing stand (412) and a recess (436) is formed in the slide material (424); 23. A structural plain bearing (410) according to claim 21 or 22.

24. The sliding material (424) disposed on the concave portion (418) of the bearing stand (412) is a polymeric sliding disk.

24. The structural plain bearing (410) of claim 23.

25. The structural plain bearing (510) further includes at least one abutment (536) between the sliding plate (516) and the bearing stand (212).

25. A structural plain bearing (510) according to any one of claims 20 to 24.

26. A structural bearing system (700) comprising at least two plain bearings (710A, 710B) for connecting at least two structural components (712, 714), Each plain bearing (710A, 710B) comprises a bearing stand (716A) which can be mounted on the first structural component (712); a slide (718A, 718B) that can be attached to the second structural part (714); and an intermediate bearing portion (720A, 720B) disposed between the bearing stand (716A, 716B) and the sliding plate (718A, 718B); at least one planar primary sliding surface (722A, 722B) of the sliding bearing (710A, 710B) is disposed between the intermediate bearing portion (720A, 720B) and the sliding plate (718A, 718B); The two plain bearings (710A, 710B) are A structural bearing system (700) in which the primary sliding surface (722A) of the first plain bearing (710A) is disposed on a first sliding surface (724A) angled with respect to the horizontal (H) and the primary sliding surface (722B) of the second plain bearing (710B) is disposed on a second sliding surface (724B) angled with respect to the horizontal (H), forming a pair of bearings, the sliding surfaces (724A, 724B) meeting at a common intersection line (S) forming a pair of bearing movement axes (A) along which the sliding plates (718A, 718B) may move.

27. At least two plain bearings (710A, 710B) are designed as plain and tilt bearings or as elastomer bearings; 27. The structural bearing system (700) of claim 26.

28. the first slide surface (724A) and the second slide surface (724B) enclose a first angle (α), the first angle (α) being selected such that, in a condition in which the structural bearing system (700) is in use, no clearance is created in the area of ​​the primary slide surfaces (722A, 722B); 28. The structural bearing system (700) of claim 26 or 27.

29. The first angle (α) is an angle between 160 degrees and 180 degrees.

30. The structural bearing system (700) of claim 28.

30. The first angle (α) is 168 degrees.

30. The structural bearing system (700) of claim 28.

31. The first angle (α) is selected such that, in an extreme condition of the structural bearing system (700), no gaps are formed in the area of ​​the primary sliding surfaces (722A, 722B). The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 28 to 30.

32. The pair of bearings is a pair of single-axis guide bearings in which the sliding plates (718A, 718B) can move only along the moving axis (A) relative to the intermediate bearing parts (720A, 720B).

32. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 31.

33. The first sliding plane (724A) and the second sliding plane (724B) are arranged so that the intersection line (S) is horizontal.

33. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 32.

34. At least one of the primary slide surfaces (722A, 722B) includes a permanently lubricated slide material (726); 34. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 33.

35. The sliding material (726) of the at least one primary sliding surface (722A, 722B) comprises PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA. The structural bearing system (700) of claim 34.

36. The sliding material (726) of the at least one primary sliding surface (722A, 722B) has a coefficient of friction not exceeding 0.

03.

36. The structural bearing system (700) of claim 34 or 35.

37. The method of claim 37, wherein the sliding material (726) of the at least one primary sliding surface (722A, 722B) comprises at least one lubricated sliding disc.

37. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 34 to 36.

38. The at least one lubricated sliding disc includes at least one lubrication pocket.

38. The structural bearing system (700) of claim 37.

39. At least two mutually angled primary sliding surfaces (722A, 722B) are formed symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry (E) extending vertically through a line of intersection (S); 39. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 38.

40. At least two major sliding surfaces (722A, 722B) angled relative to one another are formed with different sizes; 40. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 39.

41. At least one slideway (724A, 724B) is inclined downwardly with respect to the horizontal (H) at a second angle (β) between 0 and 10 degrees; 41. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 40.

42. At least one slide surface (724A, 724B) is inclined downwardly by a second angle (β) of 6 degrees relative to the horizontal (H).

41. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 40.

43. At least two primary slideways (722A, 722B) angled towards each other are arranged such that the corresponding slideways (724A, 724B) form a sloped roof shape; 43. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 42.

44. At least two primary slideways (722A, 722B) angled towards each other are arranged such that the corresponding slideways (724A, 724B) form an inverted sloped roof shape.

44. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 43.

45. the first plain bearing (710A) and / or the second plain bearing (710B) have an abutment device (730A, 730B) for limiting the movement of the sliding plate (718A, 718B) relative to the bearing stand (716A, 716B); 45. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 26 to 44.

46. The abutment device (730A, 730B) is a lateral abutment device.

46. ​​The structural bearing system (700) of claim 45.

47. The abutment devices (730A, 730B) are arranged facing the movement axis (A) of each of the plain bearings (710A, 710B) or on the side away from the axis, 47. The structural bearing system (700) of claim 45 or 46.

48. The abutment device (730A, 730B) is provided with an adjustment device for adjusting the position of the abutment device (730A, 730B).

48. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 45 to 47.

49. The abutment device (730A, 730B) includes a sliding device (732A, 732B) that guides a sliding plate (718A, 718B) in a direction parallel to the moving axis (A), 49. The structural bearing system (700) of any one of claims 45 to 48.

50. The structural bearing system (800) includes at least two pairs of bearings (810, 820) and a shaft (B), the pair of bearings (810, 820) being arranged in series along the shaft (B); the primary slideways angled relative to one another are arranged such that corresponding slideways of the pair of bearings (810, 820) form alternating sloped roof shapes and inverted sloped roof shapes along the axis (B); 50. The structural bearing system (800) of any one of claims 26 to 49.

51. The structural bearing system (900) includes at least two pairs of bearings (910, 920, 930, 940) and a shaft (B), the pairs of bearings (910, 920, 930, 940) being arranged in series along the shaft (B); the primary slideways angled relative to one another are arranged such that corresponding slideways of pairs of bearings (910, 920, 930, 940) alternate along the axis (B) to form a sloped roof shape and an inverted sloped roof shape for every second pair of bearings along the axis; 50. The structural bearing system (900) of any one of claims 26 to 49.

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