ENERGY SYSTEM AND ENERGY EXCHANGE ADJUSTMENT METHOD

Abstract

In a community provided with multiple unit grids, this energy system (1) is an energy transfer network of single-unit facilities (10a-10f) that have a power load, wherein unit grids are each provided with a solar power generator (30) and form cooperative grids that supply power from local solar power generators to local power loads and that transfer power stored in mobile storage batteries mounted on electric mobile bodies (20) to and from other unit grids accompanying movement of the electric mobile bodies; the combinations of unit grids that form the cooperative grids change depending on the destinations of the electric mobile bodies, and thereby a virtual grid for power transfer is formed by multiple unit grids that are not in a fixed geographical positional relation.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an energy system and a method for adjusting energy exchange in the energy system. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventional electric energy systems are one-way systems in which electricity (grid power) is transferred (transmitted) from large power plants that generate electricity using fossil fuels via power lines and supplied to electricity consumers according to the amount of consumption. In such conventional systems, the longer the transfer distance, the greater the power loss during the transfer, and the greater the amount of electricity that must be supplied compared to the amount of electricity ultimately required by electricity consumers, resulting in greater CO2 gas emissions. Reducing CO2 gas emissions, the main cause of global warming, is an urgent issue for humanity, but in conventional systems, in order to reduce CO2 gas emissions, both the supplier and the consumer must implement measures separately, and the reality is that sufficient progress has not been made on this issue.

[0003] Meanwhile, in recent years, a small-scale power network of local production and consumption type, autonomous and distributed type has been proposed, which reduces the consumption of grid power by installing a relatively small power supply source in a limited area near the power consumers and supplying power from there to the power consumers. In such a small-scale power network, the distance from the power supply source to the power consumers is short, so there is an advantage that the power loss between the power supply source and the power consumers is small. In addition, the use of renewable energy power generation equipment has been proposed as the power supply source in the small-scale power network, and in this case, it is expected that CO2 gas emissions can be reduced. In addition, for Japan, which relies on imports for most of its fossil fuels, the use of renewable energy, which is a resource that will not be permanently depleted and can be supplied domestically, is also important for ensuring a stable supply of energy.

[0004] However, the amount of power generated by power generation using renewable energy such as photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal power generation, and wind power generation inevitably varies greatly depending on various natural conditions such as weather conditions. Therefore, in conventional energy systems incorporating power generation devices using renewable energy, large-capacity stationary storage batteries (secondary batteries) are used to balance the amount of power generated and demand (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, large-capacity stationary storage batteries have problems in that they are expensive and require a large space for installation. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2007-159225 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an energy system that can reduce dependence on grid power by effectively utilizing renewable energy and can reduce the need for large-capacity stationary storage batteries, and a method for adjusting energy exchange in the energy system. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the energy system according to the present invention comprises: "An energy system in a community that has multiple unit grids, which are energy exchange networks in a single facility that has an electric load that consumes electricity. Each of the unit grids includes a renewable energy power generation device that generates power using renewable energy, and supplies the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device to the power load of the unit grid. Each of the unit grids forms a linkage grid in which power stored in a mobile storage battery, which is a storage battery mounted on an electrically-driven mobile body, is exchanged with other unit grids as the electrically-driven mobile body moves, The combination of the unit grids that form the interconnection grid changes depending on the destination of the electrically-driven mobile body, and a virtual grid for the exchange of power is formed by a plurality of the unit grids whose mutual geographical location relationships are not fixed.

[0008] In a conventional energy system, power consumers receiving grid power are connected by grid power lines to form a network in which power is transferred in one direction from the grid power source to the power consumers. Such a conventional network is area-based, with a fixed energy transfer relationship. In contrast, in the energy system of the present invention, as described in detail below, the relationship for transferring energy is not fixed, and the party transferring energy changes in various ways as the electrically-driven mobile body moves.

[0009] A community that receives and gives energy in the energy system of the present invention is formed by a plurality of "unit grids," which are energy transfer networks in a single unit facility having an electric load. Each unit grid is equipped with a renewable energy power generation device that generates electricity using renewable energy, and these unit grids form a linked grid that receives and gives energy via electric vehicles. That is, in a society in which facilities equipped with renewable energy power generation devices and facilities that do not are mixed and in which electric and non-electric vehicles run together, only facilities equipped with renewable energy power generation devices form an energy transfer relationship via electric vehicles.

[0010] An electrically-driven mobile object moving between unit grids can be considered as a storage battery for the entire community. The electrically-driven mobile object does not move for the purpose of receiving and transferring energy, but transfers energy "as an incident" to the original purpose of moving, such as moving people or moving things (logistics). In other words, it is a system that integrates the movement of people and things with the movement of energy. The combination of unit grids that form the linking grid changes flexibly in various ways depending on the destination (purpose of moving) of the electrically-driven mobile object. A grid for transferring power, which is formed by a plurality of unit grids whose geographical positional relationship is not fixed because there is no visible connection relationship like a power line and the connection relationship changes from moment to moment, is a completely new concept of grid, and this is called a "virtual grid" in the present invention. Note that there may be a plurality of "other unit grids" that form a linking grid with a certain unit grid.

[0011] Unlike conventional energy systems, this type of energy system ultimately does not require power lines, so there are no geographical constraints and no need to make a one-time capital investment to build the system. In other words, in the current society where facilities equipped with renewable energy power generation equipment and those without are mixed and where electric and non-electric mobile objects run together, as the number of facilities equipped with renewable energy power generation equipment gradually increases and non-electric mobile objects are gradually replaced by electric mobile objects, the scope of this energy system will gradually expand.

[0012] By transferring the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation equipment to the electric vehicle and sharing it among the unit grids, it is possible to effectively utilize renewable energy and reduce dependency on grid power. In addition, in this energy system, the mobile storage battery, which is originally installed to store the electricity for the electric vehicle to run, is "shared" as a storage battery for transferring energy between the unit grids. This reduces the need for large-capacity stationary storage batteries, which were previously considered essential when using renewable energy power generation equipment, where the amount of power generated inevitably varies greatly depending on various natural conditions such as weather conditions.

[0013] Here, examples of the "renewable energy" that the renewable energy power generation device uses to generate power include sunlight, solar heat, wind power, geothermal energy, and marine energy.

[0014] The "facility" that uses a unit grid as its own energy transfer network is not particularly limited as long as it is a facility equipped with renewable energy power generation equipment, and examples of such facilities include ordinary homes, companies, offices, schools, public facilities, commercial facilities such as department stores and supermarkets, and industrial facilities such as factories and distribution warehouses. Note that some large facilities such as factories, warehouses, and schools may be one facility in society, but may have multiple facilities equipped with renewable energy power generation equipment. In such cases, each facility can be considered as a unit grid.

[0015] The term "electrically-driven mobile object" is not limited to any mobile object that moves by driving an electric motor with electricity stored in an on-board mobile storage battery, and examples of such mobile objects include private cars, trucks, buses, trains, ships, civil engineering and construction vehicles, on-site cranes, agricultural vehicles, and transport equipment such as forklifts, self-propelled carts, and pallets that are equipped with mobile storage batteries. Note that electrically-driven mobile objects form a grid as they move, but can also be used as a means for supplying electricity generated by their own renewable energy power generation equipment to their own power loads in facilities equipped with renewable energy power generation equipment.

[0016] In addition, the charging device that charges the mobile storage battery from the renewable energy power generation device, and the discharging device that discharges the mobile storage battery may each be provided by the "facility" or by the "electric mobile body."

[0017] Also, a charging / discharging device that charges and discharges the mobile storage battery may be provided in one device, and the charging / discharging device may be provided in the facility or in the electric mobile body. When there are multiple electric mobile bodies that receive and transmit power in a certain unit grid, if the charging / discharging device that charges and discharges the mobile storage battery is provided in the facility, multiple charging / discharging devices are required in the facility to enable simultaneous charging and discharging of the multiple mobile storage batteries, but the electric mobile body has a lightweight and simple configuration. In contrast, if the charging / discharging device is provided in the electric mobile body, the weight of the electric mobile body increases and the configuration becomes complex, but there is an advantage that multiple mobile storage batteries can be charged and discharged simultaneously using a connection part (connector) provided in the facility.

[0018] In addition to the above configuration, the energy system according to the present invention further comprises: "The unit grid is equipped with a control device that adjusts energy transfer, The control device can be configured to "control the movement of power through a current flow path to perform at least one of supplying power to the power load, supplying power to the mobile storage battery, and discharging power from the mobile storage battery, based on detection of numerical data including the amount of power generated by the renewable energy power generation device, the power demand of the power load, and the amount of power stored in the mobile storage battery."

[0019] In this configuration, the control device adjusts energy transfer for each unit grid. When a facility of a unit grid has an electric mobile body, the control device may be provided by the facility or by the electric mobile body. The configuration in which the facility has the control device is suitable for the case where the charging / discharging device is a component of the facility. On the other hand, the configuration in which the electric mobile body has the control device is suitable for the case where the charging / discharging device is a component of the electric mobile body.

[0020] In this configuration, at least a part of the movement of power through the current flow path can be performed by wireless power transmission, which converts power into electromagnetic waves and transmits the power. By performing at least a part of the power transmission and reception by wireless power transmission, the extent to which electric wires are laid out can be reduced, and the configuration for power transmission and reception can be made neat and simple. In particular, if non-contact wireless power transmission is performed between a connection unit provided in a facility and a mobile storage battery of an electrically-driven mobile body, the work of charging and discharging becomes easy and convenient. Here, among several wireless power transmission methods, microwave wireless power transmission, which converts power into electromagnetic waves and transmits it, has the advantage that it is possible to transmit power within the distance range desired by this energy system.

[0021] In addition, in this configuration, the transmission of the numerical data from the detection device that detects the numerical data to the control device can be performed by wireless communication. Wireless communication between the detection device that detects the numerical data including the amount of power generated by the renewable energy power generation device, the power demand of the power load, and the amount of power stored in the mobile storage battery and the control device results in an energy system with a simple configuration. Here, the "wireless communication" can be wireless communication by wireless LAN such as WiFi, or short-range wireless communication such as Bluetooth (registered trademark).

[0022] In addition to the above configuration, the energy system according to the present invention further comprises: "The control devices of the plurality of unit grids are each connected to a management server via a communication network, The numerical data is transmitted from the control device to the management server via the communication network, The management server includes: a database for storing the received numerical data in association with identification information of the unit grid; The power supply system may further include a means for extracting a combination of the unit grids that forms a linking grid for transferring power based on the surplus or shortage of power in each of the unit grids.

[0023] In this configuration, a coordination grid for the transfer of power is formed between unit grids as the electric vehicle moves, and is also formed between the unit grids via a communication network. Then, in addition to adjusting the energy transfer within the unit grid by the control device of each unit grid, the management server extracts combinations for the exchange of power between the unit grids. This makes it possible to utilize energy efficiently within a community consisting of multiple unit grids connected to the management server via a communication network.

[0024] In addition to the above configuration, the energy system according to the present invention further comprises: "At least a part of the unit grids constituting the community includes a thermal load that consumes heat, and a heat storage device that converts the power supplied from the renewable energy power generation device or the power discharged from the mobile storage battery into heat and stores it; The heat storage device includes an insulating layer that insulates a container that contains a medium for storing heat; The insulating layer can be a vacuum insulating layer in which the container has a double-walled structure with the space between the double walls being a vacuum, or an insulating layer in which multiple vacuum insulating materials are laminated together, with a porous core material covered with a film and the space within the film being reduced in pressure.

[0025] Here, the "thermal storage device" can be a combination of a thermal conversion device such as a heat pump or an electric heater that heats a medium using electricity, and a thermal storage tank that has a container for storing the heated medium.

[0026] As the medium for storing heat, water, a refrigerant such as hydrofluorocarbon, or a solid heat storage body such as ceramic balls can be used. Furthermore, as at least a part of the medium for storing heat, a latent heat storage material (PCM material) that consumes heat with a phase change can be used. By using a latent heat storage material as the medium for storing heat, the heat storage density in the heat storage device can be increased. In particular, when a latent heat storage material combined with ammonium alum or the like is used, the amount of heat stored is 10 times that when high-temperature water (hot water) is used as the medium, and the capacity of the heat storage tank can be reduced to about 1 / 5 of that when hot water is used as the medium.

[0027] In this configuration, when there is a surplus of electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation device, a thermal storage device is provided in addition to the mobile storage battery to store the surplus, and the heat stored in the thermal storage device can be used to meet the heat demand of the thermal load. This allows the electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation device to be used more effectively without being wasted.

[0028] In addition, the heat storage device of this configuration is equipped with a vacuum insulation layer or an insulation layer made of multiple layers of vacuum insulation material, which has an extremely high insulation effect. As a result, it is possible to store heat for a long period of time by suppressing heat loss due to heat radiation, and it is possible to balance the supply and demand of electricity from renewable energy power generation equipment, whose power output inevitably fluctuates greatly due to weather conditions, etc. As will be described in detail later, the heat transfer coefficient of a heat storage tank equipped with an insulation layer is 0.06 W / (m 2 K)~0.36W / (m 2 ·K) is preferable.

[0029] Next, the energy exchange adjustment method according to the present invention is an energy exchange adjustment method used in the above-described energy system, "At least a part of the renewable energy power generation devices of the unit grids constituting the community are photovoltaic power generation devices, In the unit grid equipped with the solar power generation device, an imbalance that occurs between the power demand of the power load and the amount of power supplied from the solar power generation device to the power load due to the difference between daytime and nighttime in the amount of power generated by the solar power generation device is adjusted by charging the mobile storage battery from the solar power generation device and discharging from the mobile storage battery to the power load.

[0030] In the above energy system of the present invention, the motorized mobile body receives power from the mobile storage battery at the unit grid of the destination. Therefore, even if the renewable energy power generation device is a solar power generation device and the motorized mobile body moves to another place during the day when the amount of power generation is large, the amount of power generated during the day can be stored in the mobile storage battery without being wasted as a whole system. Therefore, by charging the mobile storage battery of the motorized mobile body and supplying it to the power load by discharging, the imbalance between demand and supply caused by the difference in the amount of power generated by solar power generation between day and night can be effectively smoothed.

[0031] The energy exchange adjustment method according to the present invention further comprises the following steps: "The link grid includes a combination of a first unit grid having a general residence as the facility and a second unit grid having a workplace of a resident of the residence as the facility, The motorized mobile object includes at least a commuter mobile object belonging to the first unit grid and used for commuting, The commuter mobile vehicle can be configured to receive power from the renewable energy power generation device of the second unit grid to the mobile storage battery while it is parked at the workplace, and if there is a shortage of power at the home to meet the power demand of the power load while it is parked at the home, the commuter mobile vehicle can discharge power from the mobile storage battery and supply it to the power load.

[0032] In this configuration, a general house and a workplace that the resident of the house frequently travels to and from are combined into a unit grid that forms an interconnection grid. Normally, when an electric vehicle is used for commuting, even if the home is equipped with a renewable energy power generation device, the resident is not at home for about half of the day, so it is difficult to effectively use the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device for the electric vehicle used for commuting. Alternatively, a stationary storage battery needs to be provided at home in order to temporarily store the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device when the electric vehicle used for commuting is not at home and to supply it to the electric vehicle later. In contrast, in this energy transfer adjustment method, the mobile storage battery of the electric vehicle used for commuting is charged from the renewable energy power generation device at the commute destination, so that energy can be stored without wasting the long time parked at the workplace, and the need for a stationary storage battery can be reduced. Note that the "commuting vehicle" is used at least for commuting, but it can also be used for purposes other than commuting.

[0033] In the above configuration, it is preferable that the first unit grid further includes, as the motorized mobile body, a daily use mobile body that is parked at the house for a longer period of time than the commuter mobile body. The daily use mobile body receives power from the renewable energy power generation device of the first grid to the mobile storage battery while parked at the house, and when the power at the house is insufficient for the power demand of the power load, the mobile storage battery discharges power and supplies it to the power load. In this way, by including, as the motorized mobile body, a daily use mobile body that is parked at the house for a longer period of time than the commuter mobile body, the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device equipped in the house can be used more effectively. In addition, in an interconnected grid in which a home equipped with two motorized mobile bodies, one for commuting and one for daily use, and a workplace are combined as unit grids, CO2 emissions can be significantly reduced, as will be described in detail later.

[0034] The energy exchange adjustment method according to the present invention further comprises the following steps: "At least a part of the unit grids constituting the community includes a heat load that consumes heat and a heat storage device that converts electricity into heat and stores it, Heat is stored in the heat storage device using power supplied from the renewable energy power generation device or the mobile storage battery, and the heat is supplied to the thermal load.

[0035] A unit grid equipped with a thermal storage device can select a thermal storage device in addition to a mobile battery as a configuration for storing surplus power, and the heat stored in the thermal storage device is used to meet the heat demand of the thermal load. Therefore, the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device is not wasted and can be used more effectively.

[0036] The energy exchange adjustment method according to the present invention further comprises the following steps: It is possible that "the electrically-driven mobile objects belonging to the unit grids constituting the community exchange electric power with each other via a charge / discharge device."

[0037] In addition to transferring power between electric vehicles and facilities, electric vehicles can also transfer power between each other via charging and discharging devices, diversifying the means of sharing power in a community. This allows for more effective use of power generated within the community, further reducing dependency on grid power.

[0038] The energy exchange adjustment method according to the present invention further comprises the following steps: "The unit grid is equipped with a control device that adjusts energy transfer, the control device controls the movement of power through a current flow path for performing at least one of supplying power to the power load, supplying power to the mobile storage battery, and discharging power from the mobile storage battery, based on detection of numerical data including the amount of power generated by the renewable energy power generation device, the power demand of the power load, and the amount of power stored in the mobile storage battery; The unit grid includes, as the current flow path, a system power flow path for receiving a supply of power from a system power line or for performing a reverse power flow to the system power line, The control device may perform control so as to minimize the movement of power through the grid power flow path.

[0039] As described later, by performing control in accordance with simple basic rules, it is possible to minimize the amount of power supplied from the grid power line and the amount of power flowing back to the grid power line.

[0040] The energy exchange adjustment method according to the present invention further comprises the following steps: The control device may store, as the numerical data, time-series performance values ​​for a certain period in the past, and perform control based on the performance values ​​and the current numerical data.

[0041] By using past time-series actual values, it is possible to predict electricity demand, etc. for a period extending a certain amount of time into the future from the present time, and energy exchange can be adjusted more appropriately based on the prediction.

[0042] The energy exchange adjustment method according to the present invention further comprises the following steps: The control device may acquire weather forecast information via a communication network, and perform control by referring to the acquired weather forecast information.

[0043] By referring to the weather forecast information, it is possible to more accurately predict the demand for electricity, etc. Furthermore, if the weather forecast information predicts that the amount of electricity generated by the solar power generation device will be excessive, the output of the solar power generation device can be suppressed, thereby enabling the amount of electricity generated to be controlled with high precision so as to reduce the waste of electricity generated by solar power generation.

[0044] The energy exchange adjustment method according to the present invention further comprises the following steps: "The control devices of the plurality of unit grids are each connected to a management server via a communication network, The numerical data is transmitted from the control device to the management server via the communication network, The management server includes: The received numerical data is stored in a database in association with identification information of the unit grid, and A combination of the unit grids that forms a linking grid for transferring power is extracted based on the surplus or shortage of power in each of the unit grids.

[0045] This is a method of regulating energy exchange in the energy system of the described configuration. Effect of the Invention

[0046] As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an energy system that can reduce dependence on grid power by effectively utilizing renewable energy and can reduce the need for large-capacity stationary storage batteries, and a method for adjusting energy transfer in the energy system. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0047] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an energy system according to the present invention; [Diagram 2] 2(a) and 2(b) are schematic configuration diagrams of a unit grid, which is a structural unit of the energy system of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a linkage grid including a first unit grid and a second unit grid. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional energy system. [Diagram 5] 13 is a flowchart showing control of energy exchange in a first unit grid. [Figure 6] 6 is a flowchart showing the control of energy transfer in the first unit grid, following FIG. 5. [Figure 7]FIG. 7(a) is a graph showing the simulation results regarding power demand, FIG. 7(b) is a graph showing the simulation results regarding the amount of solar power generation, and FIG. 7(c) is a graph showing the simulation results regarding the amount of supply from a grid power line. [Figure 8] Figure 8(a) is a graph showing the simulation results regarding the amount of charge to the mobile storage battery, Figure 8(b) is a graph showing the simulation results regarding the amount of supply from the mobile storage battery, and Figure 8(c) is a graph showing the simulation results regarding the remaining capacity of the mobile storage battery. [Figure 9] FIG. 9(a) is a graph showing a simulation result regarding the boiling amount in the heat storage device, and FIG. 9(b) is a graph showing a simulation result regarding the hot water storage amount in the heat storage device. [Figure 10] 13 is a graph showing CO2 emissions calculated from the simulation results. [Figure 11] Figure 11(a) is a graph of the battery level when a stationary storage battery is used for function B, Figure 11(b) is a graph of the battery level when a mobile storage battery is used for functions A and B, and Figure 11(c) is a graph of the battery level when a mobile storage battery is used for functions A, B, and C. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of a heat storage and supply system. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of a heat storage and supply system. [Figure 14] FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of a third embodiment of a heat storage and supply system. [Figure 15] FIG. 15(a) is a configuration diagram of a heat storage tank having a heat insulating layer, FIG. 15(b) is a configuration diagram of a heat storage tank having another heat insulating layer, and FIG. 15(c) is a configuration diagram of a heat storage tank of another type. [Figure 16] 16(a) shows the result of a simulation of the relationship between the capacity of the thermal storage tank and the amount of power supplied to the grid when the heat demand is for hot water supply, and 17(b) shows the result of a simulation of the relationship between the capacity of the thermal storage tank and the amount of power supplied to the grid when the heat demand is for heating. [Figure 17]This is a graph comparing the amount of solar power generated and the amount of power supplied to the grid throughout the year. [Figure 18] 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an energy system in which a linked grid is formed via a communication network. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0048] Hereinafter, an energy system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention and a method for adjusting energy transfer in the energy system will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0049] The energy system 1 of this embodiment is an energy system in a community that includes a plurality of unit grids, which are energy transfer networks in a single facility 10 having a power load 35 that consumes power. Each unit grid that constitutes this community includes a solar power generation device 30 as a renewable energy power generation device that generates power using renewable energy. Each unit grid supplies power generated by its own solar power generation device 30 to its own power load 35, and also supplies power generated by the solar power generation devices 30 of other unit grids to their own power loads 35 via mobile storage batteries 25, which are storage batteries mounted on electric vehicles 20, thereby forming a linking grid that transfers energy with other unit grids.

[0050] Specifically, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, if a certain region (geographical area) contains a mixture of facilities 10a-10f equipped with solar power generation equipment 30 and a facility 100 that does not, and the mobile objects include electric mobile objects 20 and non-electric mobile objects 120 powered by fossil fuels, the unit grids of the facilities 10a-10f equipped with the solar power generation equipment 30 form an interconnected grid with the unit grids of the facilities 10a-10f also equipped with the solar power generation equipment 30 via the electric mobile object 20.

[0051] The combination of unit grids forming the linking grid varies depending on the destination (purpose of travel) of the electric vehicle 20. For example, as shown in the shaded area in Fig. 1, the combination of a unit grid of an ordinary house 10a and a unit grid of a workplace 10b where the resident of the house 10a commutes, the combination of the unit grid of the house 10a and a unit grid of a commercial facility 10c, and the combination of the unit grid of the house 10a and a unit grid of a school 10e or a public facility are linking grids formed with the movement of the electric vehicle 20, which is mainly intended for the movement of people. If a large vehicle such as an electric bus is used as the electric vehicle 20, the movement of people who do not drive themselves can be used for the exchange of energy.

[0052] 1, when an electric vehicle 20 is used for logistics between multiple commercial facilities 10c or between a commercial facility 10c and a warehouse 10d, an interconnection grid is formed along with the movement of the electric vehicle 20, which is mainly intended to move goods. Also, when an electric vehicle 20, which is industrial equipment, moves between industrial facilities such as a factory 10f or a construction / civil engineering facility, an interconnection grid is formed along with the movement of the industrial equipment for the purpose of work.

[0053] That is, in this energy system 1, the electric vehicle 20 is not driven to transfer energy, but acts as an intermediary in transferring energy while moving for some other purpose (integration of the movement of people and things with the movement of energy). And the mobile storage battery 25 mounted on the electric vehicle 20 is originally intended to store an energy source for traveling, but is also used for transferring energy between unit grids.

[0054] In this way, the energy exchange relationship formed as the electric vehicle 20 moves is not fixed and changes from moment to moment, unlike the fixed, unidirectional energy supply via the conventional power grid 51, and the energy flow is also multidirectional.

[0055] In solar power generation, power cannot be generated at night and the amount of power generated is affected by weather conditions, so it is necessary to balance supply and demand. In the energy system 1 of this embodiment, the interconnection grid that receives and transfers energy changes flexibly with the movement of the electric mobile body 20. In such an interconnection grid, unlike conventional systems, the connections are not fixed, so it is easy to centrally manage the relationship between demand and supply in each unit grid and achieve optimization. If it is possible to balance demand and supply in each unit grid, it is naturally possible to balance demand and supply in the entire community, so that the dependency on grid power can be significantly reduced.

[0056] Next, control for balancing supply and demand in a unit grid will be described. As shown in Figures 2(a) and (b), a facility 10 using a unit grid as an energy transfer network includes a power load 35, a solar power generation device 30, and an electric vehicle 20. There are n electric vehicles 20 (n is a natural number equal to or greater than 1), each of which is equipped with a mobile storage battery 25. Here, the case where there is one electric vehicle 20 is illustrated, but if there are multiple electric vehicles 20, the configuration surrounded by the dashed dotted line may be multiple. The facility 10 also includes a charging / discharging device 38 (V2H device) that converts AC current into DC current and supplies it to the mobile storage battery 25, or supplies DC current as is to the mobile storage battery 25 to charge it, and also converts the DC current discharged from the mobile storage battery 25 into AC current, and a current conversion / adjustment device 36 that has a function of converting DC current supplied from the solar power generation device 30 into AC current and sending it to the charging / discharging device 38 or power load 35, a function of adjusting the voltage of the DC current supplied from the solar power generation device 30 as necessary and sending it to the charging / discharging device 38 as DC current, and a function of adjusting the voltage of the AC current supplied from the system power line 51 as necessary and sending it to the charging / discharging device 38.

[0057] The facility 10 is also equipped with an uninterruptible power supply 39. The uninterruptible power supply 39 has a small amount of stored power, with the upper limit set to 5 kWh. This amount of stored power corresponds to the power consumption when an electric rice cooker, an electric kettle, an electric oven / range, and a washer / dryer are used simultaneously.

[0058] Furthermore, the facility 10 includes a heat load 45 and a heat storage device 40. The heat storage device 40 in this embodiment is a device that uses electricity to operate a heat conversion device 41 such as a heat pump to heat water and stores the heated hot water in a heat storage tank 42.

[0059] The unit grid is provided with a control device (not shown) that controls the supply of power to each component based on outputs from detection devices such as sensors that detect and measure the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 30, the amount of power consumed (power demand) in the power load 35, the amount of power stored in the mobile storage battery 25, the amount of power (current, voltage) and frequency supplied from the power grid 51, the amount of power stored in the uninterruptible power supply 39, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 40, and the amount of heat consumed (heat demand) in the heat load 45. The control device is a computer that includes a storage device consisting of a main storage device and an auxiliary storage device, and a central processing unit (CPU). The storage device stores a program that causes the computer to function as an energy transfer adjustment means. The storage device also stores numerical data received from each detection device in chronological order.

[0060] Here, the charging / discharging device 38 is roughly classified into a configuration that is provided in the electric vehicle 20 and a case where it is a facility inside the facility 10. When the charging / discharging device 38 is a configuration of the electric vehicle 20, as shown in FIG. 2(a), the charging / discharging device 38 is connected to the current conversion / adjustment device 36 of the unit grid to which the electric vehicle 20 belongs via a connection part J1, and is also connected to the current conversion / adjustment device 36 of other unit grids via a connection part J1. The control device can be a configuration of the electric vehicle 20, and receives the output from each detection device by wire when in a connected state based on detection by a connection detection device that detects the presence or absence of connection at the connection part J1. Alternatively, the control device can receive the output from each detection device by wireless communication. The current sent from the current conversion / adjustment device 36 to the charging / discharging device 38 via the connection part J1 may be a direct current or an alternating current.

[0061] When the charging / discharging device 38 is an internal facility of the facility 10, as shown in FIG. 2(b), the mobile storage battery 25 of the electric vehicle 20 connects to the charging / discharging device 38 of the unit grid to which it belongs via the connection part J2, and also connects to the charging / discharging device 38 of other unit grids via the connection part J2. The control device can be configured inside the facility 10, and receives an output from a detection device in the facility by wired or wireless communication, and receives an output from a detection device of the electric vehicle 20 by wired or wireless communication when in a connected state based on detection by a connection detection device that detects the presence or absence of connection at the connection part J2. Note that the current sent from the current conversion / adjustment device 36 to the charging / discharging device 38 may be either DC or AC, but the current sent to the charging / discharging device 38 via the connection part J2 is DC.

[0062] At least some of the power exchange between the solar power generation device 30 and the current conversion and adjustment device 36, between the current conversion and adjustment device 36 and the power load 35, between the charging / discharging device 38 and the current conversion and adjustment device 36, and between the charging / discharging device 38 and the mobile storage battery 25 can be carried out by wireless power transmission using a microwave method, in which power is converted into electromagnetic waves (microwaves) and transmitted and received.

[0063] Next, the method of adjusting the energy transfer by the control device will be described. The symbols used in the description are as follows. E1: Power demand of power load E2 j : Amount of power supplied to the mobile battery of the jth electric vehicle (j≦n) E3: Amount of electricity supplied to the heat storage device E4: Amount of electricity generated by the solar power generation device E5: Amount of power supplied from the grid or flowing back to the grid B6 j : The amount of stored energy in the mobile battery of the jth electrically-driven mobile unit B9: Storage capacity of uninterruptible power supply H7: Heat demand of heat load Q8: Amount of heat stored in the heat storage device

[0064] The control device adjusts energy transfer based on the output from each detection device (the amount of power generated by the solar power generation device 30, the amount of power consumed in the power load 35, the amount of power stored in the mobile storage battery 25, the amount of power (current, voltage) and frequency supplied from the grid power line 51, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device 40, the amount of heat consumed in the thermal load 45, and the amount of power stored in the uninterruptible power supply 39) or based on the time-series actual values ​​of the output values ​​from each of these detection devices stored in a storage device, in accordance with the following basic rules so as to minimize the amount of power E5 supplied via the grid power line 51 and the amount of power E5 flowing back to the grid power line 51. The current flow path for the amount of power E5 corresponds to the "grid power flow path" of the present invention.

[0065] <Basic rules> (1) The power generated by the solar power generation device 30 is supplied in the following order of priority: power load 35, mobile storage battery 25, heat storage device 40, and uninterruptible power supply device 39. (2) When the heat demand exceeds the heat storage capacity, the order of priority is the power load 35, the heat storage device 40, the mobile storage battery 25, and the uninterruptible power supply 39. However, if a sufficient amount of heat storage can be secured in the heat storage tank 42, this situation will not occur. (3) When the amount of electricity generated by the solar power generation device 30 is insufficient to meet the electricity demand of the power load 35, the priority is given to discharge from the mobile storage battery 25, discharge from the uninterruptible power supply device 39, and supply from the grid power line 51, in that order. (4) If there are multiple mobile storage batteries 25, the order in which they are charged and the order in which they are discharged should be set in advance.

[0066] Here, the control device can obtain weather forecast information via a wired or wireless communication network, and use the obtained information to control the energy transfer adjustment. For example, the control device stores the obtained weather forecast information in a chronological order in a storage device, and compares weather conditions for a period going back a certain amount of time from the present time with weather conditions for a certain period in the past. If the actual values ​​of power consumption for a certain period in the past that has similar weather conditions are read from the storage device, it is possible to predict power consumption for a period going forward a certain amount of time from the present time based on the read actual values. This makes it possible to adjust the energy transfer using the predicted power consumption as the "power demand in the power load 35".

[0067] In the energy transfer adjustment, as shown in Fig. 5, first, it is determined whether the amount of power E4 generated by the photovoltaic power generation device can cover the power demand E1 of the power load (step S1). If it can cover the demand (Yes in step S1), the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device (hereinafter referred to as "PV power") is supplied to the power load (step S2), and it is determined whether there is a surplus of PV power (step S3). If there is a surplus (Yes in step S3), it is determined whether the heat demand H7 of the heat load exceeds the amount of heat stored Q8 in the heat storage device (step S4). If the heat demand H7 is greater than the amount of heat stored Q8 (Yes in step S4), the PV power is supplied to the heat storage device (step S5), and it is further determined whether there is a surplus of PV power (step S6). However, as stated in rule (2) above, if sufficient heat storage is secured, the heat demand H7 will normally not exceed the heat storage amount Q8 (No in step S4), so proceed to step S7 to confirm whether charging to the mobile storage battery is possible.

[0068] In step S7, "1" is assigned to j, and it is determined whether the mobile storage battery of the first electric vehicle (EV) can be charged (step S8). When the mobile storage battery can be charged, the electric vehicle is located in the facility and its stored power amount (B6 j ) is the capacity of the mobile battery (B max If charging is possible (Yes in step S8), the power E2 to be supplied to the mobile storage battery is smaller than the j The PV power E4 is used as the PV power E (step S9), and it is determined whether j has reached n, that is, whether charging to the mobile storage battery is possible for all of the electric mobile bodies (step S10). If there are any electric mobile bodies remaining (No in step S10), "1" is added to j (step S11), and as long as there is a surplus in the PV power E4, the process returns to step S8 (Yes in step S12), and if charging to the mobile storage battery is possible, steps S8 to S12 are repeated.

[0069] If there are multiple electric mobile objects and the electric mobile object with the higher priority (smaller j) cannot be charged (if it is not located in the facility or the mobile storage battery is fully charged) (No in step S8), the same steps as above are performed for the electric mobile object with the next higher priority (steps S10 to S12, return to step S8).

[0070] It is determined whether or not charging of the mobile storage batteries of all the electric vehicles is possible, and after charging is performed if possible, if there is still surplus PV power E4 (Yes in step S13), it is determined whether or not heat can be stored in the heat storage device, that is, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device Q8 is greater than or equal to the heat storage capacity (Q max ) (step S14), and if heat storage is possible (Yes in step S14), the PV power E4 is used as the power E3 supplied to the heat storage device (step S15).

[0071] If heat storage is not possible in the heat storage device (No in step S14), or if there is still a surplus in the PV power E4 after step S15 (Yes in step S16), it is determined whether it is possible to supply it to the uninterruptible power supply (UPS), that is, whether the stored power amount B9 is less than 5 kWh, which is the upper limit power amount set in the uninterruptible power supply (step S17). If it is possible to supply it, the PV power E4 is supplied to the uninterruptible power supply (step S18).

[0072] Although the uninterruptible power supply has the lowest priority, if there is still surplus PV power E4 after power is supplied to it (Yes in step S19), or if there is surplus PV power E4 (Yes in step S16) but power cannot be supplied to the uninterruptible power supply (No in step S17), then reverse power flows to the grid power line (step S20). Alternatively, a method may be used in which the total area of ​​the solar cell panels in the photovoltaic power generation device is divided into multiple parts and each part can output separately, and if there is surplus PV power E4, output from only some of the divided solar cell panels is suppressed.

[0073] It should be noted that if there is no surplus in the PV power E4 during the process from step S1 to step S20 (No in steps S3, S6, S12, S13, S16, and S19), the process returns to step S1.

[0074] As described above, in the control of energy exchange adjustment in this embodiment, when the power generated by the solar power generation device is greater than the demand by the power load, priority is given to supplying the power to the power load, and the power is distributed to the mobile storage battery, the thermal storage device, and the uninterruptible power supply device so that the power supplied from the grid power line is zero.

[0075] On the other hand, when the amount of power E4 generated by the photovoltaic power generation device is not enough to cover the power demand E1 of the power load (No in step S1), the process proceeds to step P1 as shown in FIG. 6, where it is confirmed whether the demand can be met by discharging from the mobile storage battery of the electric vehicle. In step P1, "1" is assigned to j, and it is determined whether the mobile storage battery of the first electric vehicle can be discharged (step P2). When discharge is possible, the electric vehicle is located in the facility and its stored power amount (B6 j ) is the predetermined amount of power a j This is the case when the power amount a is larger than the j is a value that the user (resident of the facility) determines for each electric vehicle. For example, it is set as the amount of power to be left in the mobile battery, taking into consideration the next use (destination) of the electric vehicle. Note that the battery cannot discharge 100% of its capacity. Therefore, the amount of power a j is the limit that the mobile battery can discharge (for example, 0.2B max ) is set taking into account

[0076] If discharge is possible (Yes in step P2), the amount of power in the mobile storage battery is a j The mobile battery is discharged and supplied to the power load (step P3), and it is determined whether j has reached n, that is, whether all of the electric mobile bodies have been checked for the possibility of discharging from the mobile battery (step P4). If there are any electric mobile bodies remaining (No in step P4), j is incremented by "1" (step P5), and as long as there is a shortage of power to supply to the power load, the process returns to step P2 (Yes in step P6), and if the mobile battery is capable of discharging, steps P2 to P6 are repeated.

[0077] If there are multiple motorized vehicles and the motorized vehicle with the higher priority (smaller j) is not dischargeable (if it is not located in the facility, B6 j A j In the following cases (No in step P2), the same steps as above are performed for the electrically-driven movable body with the next priority (steps P4 to P6, and then return to step P2).

[0078] It is determined whether or not the mobile storage batteries of all the electrically-driven mobile objects can be discharged, and after discharging if possible, if there is still a shortage in the power supply to the power load (Yes in step P7), it is determined whether or not power can be supplied from the uninterruptible power supply (step S8). Power supply from the uninterruptible power supply is possible when the amount of stored power (B9) is greater than a predetermined amount of power b. The amount of power b is set as the amount of power that the user (resident of the facility) wants to leave in the uninterruptible power supply. If it is possible (Yes in step S8), power is supplied to the power load until the amount of power from the uninterruptible power supply reaches b (step S9).

[0079] If the power supply from the uninterruptible power supply to the power load is still insufficient (Yes in step P10), or if the power supply from the uninterruptible power supply is not possible (No in step P8), the power is supplied from the grid power line (step S11) and the process returns to step S1. Also, if the demand of the power load can be met by discharging from the mobile storage battery or by power supply from the uninterruptible power supply (No in steps P6, P7, and P10), the process returns to step S1.

[0080] In this way, the amount of power E4 generated by the photovoltaic power generation device cannot cover the power demand E1 of the power load mainly at night (after sunset). At night, the electrically-driven mobile objects that left the facility during the day return to the facility and have charged the mobile storage batteries in other unit grids, so that the power load can usually be covered only by discharging the mobile storage battery. Therefore, in this embodiment, the uninterruptible power supply device can be used as a reserve for emergency power, such as during a power outage when the power supply from the grid power line is cut off.

[0081] In the unlikely event that the amount of power E4 generated by the solar power generation device is not enough to cover the power demand E1 of the power load and the amount of heat storage is insufficient for the heat demand, "E1" in the flow of steps P1 to P11 can be replaced with "the sum of E1 and E3." However, as described above, if a sufficient amount of heat storage can be secured in the heat storage tank, such a situation will not occur.

[0082] As described above, by controlling in accordance with very simple rules (1) to (4), it is possible to effectively utilize the amount of power E4 generated by the photovoltaic power generation device in each unit grid, and adjust the energy exchange so as to minimize the amount of power E5 exchanged between the power grid 51 and the grid power line 51. The results of an actual energy balance simulation based on actual values ​​for an example of the energy system of this embodiment are shown below.

[0083] The combination of unit grids forming the linking grid of the embodiment is a combination of a first unit grid in which the facility is a general residence 10a and a second unit grid in which the facility is a workplace 10b of the resident of the residence 10a, as shown in Fig. 3. In the first unit grid and the second unit grid, a solar power generation device 30 is installed in the space above the parking space of the electric vehicle 20 (on the roof of the parking lot).

[0084] 2, the first unit grid includes, in addition to the photovoltaic power generation device 30, an electric power load 35, an electrically-driven mobile object 20, a thermal load 45, and a thermal storage device 40 consisting of a thermal conversion device 41 and a thermal storage tank 42. In the kitchen of the first unit grid, an electromagnetic cooker is used instead of gas, and an air conditioner as the electric power load 35 and a floor heater as the thermal load 45 are used for air conditioning. Two electrically-driven mobile objects 20 are provided. One is a commuter mobile object 21 used for commuting to the second unit grid, and the other is a daily use mobile object 22 that is parked at the house 10a for a longer period of time than the commuter mobile object 21.

[0085] To simplify the simulation, the second unit grid is configured to include a photovoltaic power generation device 30 and a power load 35, but does not include an electrically-driven mobile object 20, a thermal load 45, or a thermal storage device 40. Both the first and second unit grids are capable of drawing, via a transformer 52, electric power transmitted over a system power line 51 from a large power plant 50 that generates electricity using fossil fuels.

[0086] While the commuter mobile object 21 is parked at the residence 10a or the workplace 10b, the mobile storage battery 25 is charged from the respective solar power generation device 30. As for the daily use mobile object 22, while parked at the residence 10a, the mobile storage battery 25 is charged from the solar power generation device 30, but in order to simplify the simulation, the condition was set such that the mobile storage battery 25 is not charged at the destination.

[0087] As a comparative example, a simulation of the energy balance was also performed for a conventional energy system in which electricity sent from a large power plant 50 that generates electricity using fossil fuels via a power grid 51 is supplied to a house 100a that does not have a solar power generation device or a heat storage device and a workplace 100b that does not have a solar power generation device, and two non-motorized vehicles that use gasoline as fuel (a non-motorized commuting vehicle 121 and a non-motorized daily use vehicle 122) are used as vehicles, as shown in Fig. 4. In this comparative example, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used for cooking and hot water, and kerosene is used for heating.

[0088] In the simulation, we used formula (1) for the power balance due to solar power generation, formula (2) for the power balance at the facilities (home and workplace), formula (3) for the power balance of the mobile storage battery, and formula (4) for the heat balance of the heat storage tank.

[0089]

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[0090]

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[0091]

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[0092]

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[0093] The constraints for each device are expressed by formulas (5) to (7), and the power supply conditions via the power grid are expressed by formulas (8) to (10).

[0094]

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[0095]

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[0096]

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[0097]

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[0098]

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[0099]

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[0100] However, in the formulas (1) to (10), t: time [h] i: Facility No. (i=1: residence, i=2: workplace) j: Electric mobile object No. (j=1: for commuting, j=2: for daily use) E PV :PV power generation [kWh] E PVAC :PV power supply to facility [kWh] E PVHP : PV power supply to the heat storage device [kWh] E PVEV :PV power supply to EV [kWh] E SUR : Surplus electricity [kWh] E PS : Amount of grid power supplied to the facility [kWh] E EVDC : EV power supply to facility [kWh] E C : Facility power demand [kWh] E PSEV : Grid power supply to EV [kWh] E PSHP : Amount of power supplied to the thermal storage device [kWh] BE: Remaining mobile battery capacity [kWh] E CEV :EV power demand [kWh] BH: heat storage tank calorific value [MJ] COP: Coefficient of performance of a heat conversion device H W :Hot water demand [MJ] H h :Heating demand [MJ] r: Heat radiation rate of heat storage tank B.E. CAP :Mobile battery capacity [kWh] BH CAP :Thermal storage tank capacity [MJ] H HPCAP :Rated heating capacity [MJ] B.E. N :Minimum amount of electricity required to run an EV for one day [kWh] BH N :Minimum amount of heat required for hot water and heating in one day [MJ] η1~η9: Energy conversion efficiency

[0101] In the simulation, the power balance from photovoltaic power generation, the power balance from the mobile battery, and the heat balance from the heat storage tank were calculated every minute to satisfy the actual hourly power consumption over a one-year period at the facility (a home and a workplace, the workplace being a university in Okayama Prefecture), and the energy balance of power demand was calculated every hour. The experimental values ​​shown in Table 1 were used for the energy conversion efficiency.

[0102] [Table 1]

[0103] As a solar power generation device, the output per unit area is 190W / m 2 of solar panels per electric vehicle 2 ~25m 2 The power output of this solar power generation device is 0.76kW to 4.75kW, which is suitable as a supply that balances the power demand in the unit grid, as described later. 2 ~25m 2 This area is equivalent to 50% to 200% of the parking space when the electric vehicle is a standard car, so the solar power generation device can be installed by effectively utilizing the space above the parking space, such as the roof of the parking lot.

[0104] Here, the maximum output is 240 W and the output per unit area is 190 W / m 2 The solar panels installed in the home cover an area of ​​27 m 2 At work, the area is 12.5 m, which is the equivalent of one parking space. 2 The installation area of ​​the solar power generation equipment in the home was set so that the surplus of electricity generated by solar power generation would be 3% in the entire energy system of the grid connecting the home and workplace.

[0105] The mobile storage batteries used had a storage capacity of 13 kWh (for commuting) and 40 kWh (for daily use), a power consumption of 9.1 km / kWh, and a discharge range of 20% or more but less than 100%. The capacity of the mobile storage battery was determined based on the actual driving distance over a year, so as to satisfy the longest continuous driving distance.

[0106] The heat storage device desirably has a boiling temperature of 80°C or higher and less than 100°C, but here the boiling temperature was set to 90°C, the reheating temperature to 65°C, and the hot water supply temperature to 42°C to 43°C. When boiling the hot water stored in the heat storage tank, a heat pump cycle (coefficient of performance COP of 3 to 5) with a heating capacity of 6.0 kW was used as the heat conversion device, and an electric heater was used as the heat conversion device when keeping the water warm and raising the temperature.

[0107] The time-series data for the amount of solar power generated, the electricity demand at the facility, and the air and water temperatures used to estimate the electricity consumption in the air conditioning and heat storage equipment were actual hourly values ​​from fiscal year 2016.

[0108] The results of the simulation are shown in Table 2. In the comparative example, which is a conventional energy system, the grid power load (the sum of the amount of power supplied to the facility and the power loss) was 14,940 kWh / year, while the grid power load in the energy system of the embodiment was 11,350 kWh / year, a reduction of about 24%. It can be seen that the dependency on grid power has been greatly reduced.

[0109] [Table 2]

[0110] In addition, the simulation results for the second half of July are shown in Figure 7(a) for electricity demand (residential), Figure 7(b) for solar power generation (output: 5.1kW), Figure 7(c) for the supply from the grid power line (purchased electricity), Figure 8(a) for the amount of charge to the mobile storage battery, Figure 8(b) for the amount of supply from the mobile storage battery to the residential power load, Figure 8(c) for the fluctuation in the remaining battery power in the mobile storage battery (commuter mobile units and daily use mobile units combined), Figure 8(c) for the amount of boiling in the thermal storage device, and Figure 9(a) for the amount of hot water stored in the thermal storage device.

[0111] As can be seen from Figures 7(a) and 7(b), residential electricity demand is high from around 6pm in the evening until late at night, while solar power generation is high during the day from 8am to around 4pm, resulting in a time lag between demand and supply. As shown in Figure 8(a), surplus solar power generation during the day is stored in a mobile battery, and as shown in Figure 8(b), it is possible to balance supply and demand by supplying it from the mobile battery to the residential power load at night, so that there is almost no need to receive power from the grid, as shown in Figure 7(c).

[0112] In addition, in this energy system, there are two electric vehicles based at the house. One is a commuting vehicle, and the mobile storage battery is charged from a solar power generation device at the commuter's destination during the day. The other is a daily use vehicle, and the mobile storage battery is charged from a solar power generation device at the house while the user is at home. Therefore, even if the mobile storage battery is discharged at night due to the power load, the remaining charge of the mobile storage battery does not reach the lower limit, as shown in FIG. 8(c). Therefore, the mobile storage battery functions sufficiently as a storage battery that stores power in a unit grid having electric vehicles. Therefore, in this energy system, there is little need for a large stationary storage battery, which was previously considered essential for a house equipped with a solar power generation device.

[0113] In this energy system, electricity generated by the solar power generation device is supplied to the power load, and if there is any surplus after charging the mobile storage battery, the thermal conversion device of the heat storage device is operated and stored as heat. As shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(b), in this energy system, hot water storage capacity can be secured even if water is not boiled very frequently. Although the heat demand in a home increases at night due to hot water supply (for bath use), the hot water storage capacity does not approach zero, and it is clear that the system is suitable for fully covering the demand due to the heat load and storing surplus energy for a long period of time.

[0114] Next, we will show the results of calculating the CO2 emissions using the results of the above simulation. The following values ​​were used as the CO2 emission coefficients. Grid power: 0.556kg-CO2 / kWh Gasoline: 2.62kg-CO2 / L LPG: 3.48kg-CO2 / kg Kerosene: 2.65kg-CO2 / L

[0115] As shown in FIG. 10(a), in the energy system (connected grid) of this embodiment, CO2 emissions are reduced by approximately 80% per home compared to the conventional energy system (comparison example). In the entire system (home and commute destination), as shown in FIG. 10(b), in the energy system of this embodiment, CO2 emissions are reduced by approximately 53% compared to the conventional energy system. Of this, 38% is the reduction effect due to the replacement of energy used for power generation with renewable energy, and 15% is the energy saving effect due to the adjustment of energy transfer. In this way, this energy system is very effective in reducing emissions of CO2 gas, a greenhouse gas. In addition, since it is a system that can simultaneously obtain the effect of replacement with renewable energy and the effect of energy saving, it is also excellent in economic efficiency.

[0116] In the above simulation, a house is equipped with two electric vehicles, and their mobile storage batteries (40kWh for commuting and 13kWh for daily use) function as a storage battery that stores power for driving (function A), as a storage battery that stores surplus power from solar power generation (function B), and as a function that discharges power to meet the power load when the power from solar power generation is insufficient compared to the power load (function C).The storage effect when a mobile storage battery is made to perform the three functions A, B, and C in this way was compared between the case where two mobile storage batteries with the same storage capacity (40kWh and 13kWh) are used for function A and function B, and the case where a stationary storage battery with the same storage capacity (53kWh) is used for function B.

[0117] As shown in FIG. 17, comparing the amount of power generated by photovoltaic power generation with the electricity demand at the home, from autumn to winter (September to December, January to March), the amount of power generated by photovoltaic power generation is much lower than the electricity demand at the home, and from spring to summer (April to August), the amount of power generated by photovoltaic power generation is enough to cover most of the electricity demand at the home. When a stationary storage battery is used for function B of storing surplus electricity from photovoltaic power generation, as shown in FIG. 11(a), the remaining charge frequently reaches the upper limit of the storage capacity from spring to summer, and not all of the surplus electricity can be charged and is wasted. On the other hand, from autumn to winter, the remaining charge remains at a low level of less than 40% of the storage capacity, and the storage battery has a large amount of free capacity, resulting in the storage capacity of the storage battery being wasted.

[0118] When the mobile battery is used for function A to drive an electric vehicle and function B to store surplus power from solar power generation, as shown in Figure 11(b), it is almost fully charged throughout the year, and power is only consumed occasionally when driving long distances. Therefore, in this case too, the storage capacity of the battery is wasted.

[0119] In contrast, when the mobile battery is used for function A, which allows the electric vehicle to run, function B, which stores surplus solar power generation, and function C, which discharges when the solar power generation is insufficient for the power load, the frequency with which the remaining charge reaches the upper limit of the storage capacity is low, as shown in Figure 11(c), and large fluctuations in the remaining charge continue throughout the year. This indicates that charging and discharging are performed efficiently within the capacity of the battery, and the storage capacity of the battery is used effectively. This is thought to be because the consumption due to driving and discharging to the power load creates an appropriate amount of free capacity for the next charge.

[0120] As described above, this energy system, in which a mobile storage battery performs all three functions A, B, and C, has the advantage of not wasting surplus electricity and making full use of the storage capacity of the storage battery, thereby reducing the need for stationary storage batteries that were essential in conventional energy systems that incorporated solar power generation.

[0121] In the above embodiment, the mobile storage battery 25 of the commuter mobile body 21 is charged at the destination facility 10b, and the mobile storage batteries 25 of the commuter mobile body 21 and the daily mobile body 22 are charged at the home facility 10a and discharged to the facility 10a. In addition, the energy system 1 of this embodiment can use an energy transfer method in which the electric vehicles 20 transfer power to each other via the charging / discharging device 36. For example, if at least one of the two electric vehicles 20 that transfer power has a charging / discharging device 36 inside, one mobile storage battery 25 can be discharged and the other mobile storage battery 25 can be charged regardless of location, even if the destination is away from the facility 10 to which they belong. In this case, the unit grids to which these electric vehicles 20 belong may be different or the same.

[0122] Also, for example, when the electric vehicle 20 is a ferry and an automobile, which is the electric vehicle 20, is transported, electric power can be exchanged between the mobile storage battery 25 of the ferry and the mobile storage battery 25 of the automobile. Or, when the electric vehicle 20 is a train and a two-wheeled vehicle (bicycle, motorcycle) is transported, electric power can be exchanged between the mobile storage battery of the train and the mobile storage battery of the two-wheeled vehicle. In this way, when one electric vehicle 20 moves another electric vehicle 20, electric power can be exchanged by utilizing the travel time. Note that when the electric vehicle 20 is a large vehicle such as a ship, the electric vehicle 20 itself can be configured to include a solar power generation device 30 and a current conversion and adjustment device 36. That is, in this case, the electric vehicle 20 also serves as the facility 10.

[0123] In this way, the electrically-driven vehicles 20 exchange electric power with each other via the charge / discharge device 36, thereby diversifying the means of exchanging electric power in the community that employs this energy system 1. This allows the electric power generated within the community to be used more effectively, and further reduces dependency on grid power.

[0124] Next, specific examples (first to third embodiments) of a heat storage and supply system that converts electric power into heat, stores it, and supplies heat to a heat load in a unit grid equipped with a heat storage device will be described. The heat storage and supply systems 61, 62, and 63 of the first to third embodiments all include a heat conversion device 41 and a heat storage tank 42 that constitute the above-mentioned heat storage device 40, and a floor heating device 43 and a water heater 44 that are a heat load 45. The water heater 44 is used in a bath, a washroom, a kitchen sink, etc.

[0125] As shown in FIG. 12, the heat storage and supply system 61 of the first embodiment further includes a distribution tank 47 for storing hot and cold water. Water is supplied to the heat conversion device 41 from a water supply source via a water supply main valve 70 and a water supply valve 71. When power generated by a photovoltaic power generation device (PV) or power discharged from a mobile storage battery of an electric vehicle (EV) is supplied to the heat conversion device 41 by the control described above using the flowchart, the water is heated (boiled) by the operation of the heat conversion device 41. The hot water after boiling is stored in the heat storage tank 42. The boiling temperature is preferably 80° C. or higher and lower than 100° C., and is set to 90° C. here. The heat storage tank 42 is installed in a state of enhanced thermal insulation as described later.

[0126] When a demand for floor heating 43 arises, high-temperature hot water of 85°C to 90°C is supplied from heat storage tank 42 via floor heating valve 72 to a pipe arranged along the floor material by operation of water supply pump 81. The hot water flowing through the pipe along the floor material exchanges heat with the floor material and the air around the floor to warm the floor, and then becomes medium-temperature hot water of 45°C to 60°C and is supplied to distribution tank 47. The capacity of distribution tank 47 can be set according to the scale of floor heating 43 and water heater 44, but is smaller than that of heat storage tank 42. Like heat storage tank 42, distribution tank 47 is also installed with high insulation.

[0127] When a demand occurs in the water heater 44, hot water is supplied to the water heater 44 from the distribution tank 47 via the hot water valve 73. The hot water used in the water heater 44 does not need to be as high as the hot water stored in the heat storage tank 42, so hot water that has been cooled to a medium temperature through the floor heating 43 is sufficient. However, when the heat demand in the water heater 44 exceeds the heat demand in the floor heating 43, the hot water supplied from the distribution tank 47 alone cannot satisfy the heat demand in the water heater 44, so high-temperature hot water sent from the heat storage tank 42 by the water supply pump 81 is supplied to the water heater 44 via the high-temperature valve 74. In addition, a temperature sensor (not shown) is provided upstream of the hot water valve 73, and when the temperature of the hot water is high, the water supplied from the water supply source via the water supply source valve 70 is mixed via the temperature lowering valve 75 and adjusted to a temperature of 42°C to 43°C suitable for hot water supply.

[0128] If there is a surplus of medium-temperature hot water stored in the distribution tank 47, it is supplied to the heat converter 41 via the reheating valve 76 and used to boil the hot water to be supplied to the heat storage tank 42. In this way, the heat after being used for the floor heating 43 can be used effectively, and the amount of electricity to be supplied to the heat converter 41 can be reduced compared to when only water supplied from the water source is heated by the heat converter 41.

[0129] Next, a heat storage / supply system 62 of a second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 13. In the heat storage / supply system 62, water is supplied from the water supply source to the heat exchanger 41 via the water supply main valve 70 and the water supply valve 71, and the hot water boiled to 90°C is stored in the heat storage tank 42, similar to the heat storage / supply system 61. The difference from the heat storage / supply system 61 is that the hot water sent from the heat storage tank 42 and used for the floor heating 43 is returned to the heat storage tank 42. The hot water sent from the heat storage tank 42 by the water supply pump 81 and supplied to a pipe arranged along the floor material via the floor heating valve 72 is returned to the heat storage tank 42 after being heated to a medium temperature by heat exchange.

[0130] The heat storage and supply system 62 is also different from the heat storage and supply system 61 in that the hot water stored in the heat storage tank 42 is not directly supplied to the water heater 44, but is used for heat exchange to give heat to the water supplied to the water heater 44. The water supplied from the water supply source to the heat exchange section 48 via the water supply source valve 70 and the water supply control valve 79 is heat exchanged with the hot water sent from the heat storage tank 42 by the water supply pump 82 and sent to the heat exchange section 48 via the temperature rise control valve 77, and becomes medium temperature, and is supplied to the water heater 44 via the hot water supply valve 73. In other words, the hot water supplied to the water heater 44 is not the hot water stored in the heat storage tank 42 itself, but clean water that has just been supplied from the water supply source and has been heated. The hot water used for heat exchange in the heat exchange section 48 is returned to the heat storage tank 42.

[0131] The hot water used for heat exchange in the floor heating 43 and the heat exchanger 48 and having a reduced temperature is returned to the heat storage tank 42, so that the hot water stored in the heat storage tank 42 has a lower temperature than the hot water stored in the heat storage tank 42 in the first embodiment. When the temperature of the hot water stored in the heat storage tank 42 drops below a predetermined temperature (for example, 65°C), the water pump 83 operates to send the hot water from the heat storage tank 42 to the heat converter 41 via the reheating control valve 78, and after being heated by the heat converter 41 to a high temperature of about 90°C, the hot water is returned to the heat storage tank 42. Therefore, in the heat storage / supply system of the second embodiment, once the heat storage tank 42 becomes full due to the supply of hot water heated by the heat converter 41 from the water supplied from the water source, new cold water / hot water is not supplied to the heat storage tank 42, and the hot water circulates through the floor heating 43, the heat exchanger 48, and the heat converter 41.

[0132] This heat storage and supply system 62 has the advantage over the first embodiment in that the hot water supplied to the water heater 44 is clean, but since the temperature of the hot water stored in the heat storage tank 42 is low, the capacity of the heat storage tank 42 needs to be larger than that of the first embodiment in order to cover the heat load.

[0133] Next, a heat storage / supply system 63 of the third embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 14. The heat storage / supply system 63 is similar to the heat storage / supply system 62 of the second embodiment in that water is supplied from the water supply source to the heat conversion device 41 via the water supply source valve 70 and the water supply valve 71, and the hot water boiled to 90°C is stored in the heat storage tank 42, and the hot water sent from the heat storage tank 42 and used for the floor heating 43 is returned to the heat storage tank 42. The difference is that the water sent from the water supply source via the water supply source valve 70 is supplied to the bottom of the heat storage tank 42 via the second water supply valve 71b. The heat storage tank 42 is provided with a mixing prevention mechanism, such as a mechanism using a baffle plate, that prevents the high-temperature hot water boiled to 90°C and supplied to the heat storage tank 42 from mixing with the water supplied from the water supply source.

[0134] When demand arises in water heater 44, hot water stored in heat storage tank 42 and in high temperature layer 42h is pumped out by water supply pump 84 and supplied to water heater 44 via temperature rise control valve 77b and hot water valve 73. A temperature sensor (not shown) is provided in the flow path from heat storage tank 42 to temperature rise control valve 77b, and when the temperature of the hot water is higher than a predetermined temperature (for example, 65°C), the hot water is mixed with water supplied from the water supply source via water supply main valve 70 and water supply control valve 79b, thereby adjusting the temperature of the hot water supplied to water heater 44 to 42°C to 43°C.

[0135] As described above, the heat storage tank 42 is provided with a mixing prevention mechanism, but the mixing of the high-temperature hot water supplied from the heat exchanger 41 and the water supplied from the water supply source inevitably creates a medium-temperature layer 42m where the temperature of the hot water is medium. The hot water in the medium-temperature layer 42m is pumped out of the heat storage tank 42 by the water supply pump 85, supplied to the heat exchanger 41 via the reheating control valve 78b, and returned to the heat storage tank 42 after being boiled again to 90°C.

[0136] In this heat storage and supply system 63, water supplied from the water supply source is newly introduced into the heat storage tank 42 so as to replenish the amount of hot water supplied from the heat storage tank 42 to the water heater 44. Therefore, there is a high degree of freedom in the timing of sending hot water from the heat storage tank 42 to the heat conversion device 41 to reheat it, and there is an advantage that when there is surplus power in the house, the surplus power can be used to operate the heat conversion device 41. Also, like the first embodiment, the hot water supplied to the water heater 44 is not heat exchange water but hot water supplied from the heat storage tank 42, but since water is supplied from the water supply source to the heat storage tank 42, the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature layer 42h is lower than the temperature of the hot water in the heat storage tank 42 in the first embodiment. Therefore, when supplying to the water heater 44, the need and the degree of lowering the temperature by mixing with water from the water supply source is smaller than in the first embodiment. In other words, the heat of the hot water stored in the heat storage tank 42 can be used more efficiently than in the first embodiment to supply to the water heater 44. Therefore, the heat storage tank 42 of the third embodiment has an advantage that the capacity can be made smaller than that of the heat storage tank 42 of the first embodiment.

[0137] Conventionally, there exists a hot water supply system that uses low-cost nighttime electricity to heat hot water during the night, stores it in a tank, and uses it to meet daytime demand. In this conventional system, the tank is used to secure the amount of hot water required for hot water supply facilities such as baths, and stores hot water to supply a certain amount of hot water at once. Since only short-term hot water storage within a day is assumed, insulation is not considered very much. In contrast, the heat storage tank 42 of this embodiment is used to convert electricity into heat and store it in order to balance the power supply from a solar power generation device, whose power generation amount inevitably fluctuates depending on weather conditions, and the energy demand. Therefore, the heat storage tank 42 needs to be able to store heat for a "long period of time," and is provided with an insulation layer with extremely high insulation properties.

[0138] As shown in FIG. 15(a), the heat insulating layer can be a vacuum heat insulating layer 42i, in which the wall of a container 42t that contains hot water, which is a heat medium 42m, is surrounded by a wall 42s to form a double-wall structure made of stainless steel or glass, and the space between the double walls is a vacuum layer. 2 Pa~10 -3 Pa. The vacuum layer prevents heat transfer by conduction, but to suppress heat transfer by radiation, the outer surface of the inner wall may be plated with silver or copper, or a metal foil of copper or aluminum may be attached.

[0139] Also, as shown in FIG. 15(b), the heat storage tank 42 can be made in which the entire container 42t is covered with a heat insulating layer 42n formed by laminating a plurality of vacuum heat insulating materials 42a. The vacuum heat insulating material 42a can be a material in which a porous core material is covered with a film, and the film is heat sealed in a state where the internal space of the film is decompressed. The porous core material can be a material in which inorganic fibers such as glass fiber or ceramic fiber are formed into a sheet shape. As shown in the figure, it is preferable to fill the space generated between the heat insulating layer 42n formed by laminating the vacuum heat insulating material 42a and the container 42t with an elastically deformable heat insulating material 42b such as polyurethane or glass fiber.

[0140] In the above, the medium 42m for storing heat is hot water, but the medium can be a ceramic heat storage body. FIG. 15(c) illustrates a heat storage tank 42 in which a container 42t is filled with heat storage bodies 42c, which are ceramic balls such as alumina, as a medium. When the medium is hot water, the maximum temperature is 100°C, but by using a highly heat-resistant ceramic heat storage body 42c as the medium, heat can be stored at a high temperature of several hundred degrees. Therefore, in order to store the same amount of heat, it is possible to make the heat storage tank smaller than when the medium is hot water, and for a heat storage tank of the same volume, the amount of heat stored can be larger than when the medium is hot water. FIG. 15(c) illustrates a case in which the heat insulating layer is a vacuum heat insulating layer 42i as in FIG. 15(a), but it is also possible to configure the heat storage tank to include a heat insulating layer 42n as described with reference to FIG. 15(b).

[0141] By burying the heat storage tank 42 having the heat insulating layers 42i, 42n in the ground, the heat insulation can be further improved. Although Fig. 15(a) to Fig. 15(c) show a case where the heat storage tank 42 is a vertical type, it may be a horizontal type. Note that Fig. 15(a) and Fig. 15(b) omit the configuration for supplying and discharging water, which is the medium 42m, to and from the container 42t, and Fig. 15(c) omits the configuration for supplying and discharging a fluid that exchanges heat with the heat storage body 42c to and from the container 42t.

[0142] In the above heat storage and supply systems 61, 62, and 63, hot water is supplied from the same heat storage tank 42 to both the floor heating 43 and the water heater 44, but it is also possible to supply a medium from separate heat storage tanks to heat demands for different purposes, such as heating and hot water supply. Since different purposes require different temperatures and amounts, providing separate heat storage tanks allows the configuration of the insulating layer provided in the heat storage tank and the capacity of the heat storage tank to be just right. For example, when hot water itself, which is the medium for storing heat, is supplied to the water heater, a heat storage tank whose medium is hot water can be used, and when heat is supplied to the heat demand for hot water supply or heating through heat exchange with the heat storing medium, a heat storage tank whose medium is a ceramic heat storage body capable of storing higher temperatures can be used.

[0143] Even when a plurality of heat storage tanks are provided to meet heat demands for different uses, the heat conversion device can be shared, thereby simplifying the configuration of the unit grid.

[0144] As described above, by improving the insulation of the heat storage tank, the amount of power supplied from the grid power line can be further reduced in the energy system 1 of this embodiment, in which power generated by a photovoltaic power generation device is supplied to a power load and the surplus is stored in a mobile storage battery and a heat storage device. This is shown by the results of an investigation in which the heat transfer coefficient and capacity of the heat storage tank are changed for a first unit grid, which is an ordinary house, under the conditions of the above-mentioned energy balance simulation. Consider a case in which the coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump, which is a thermal conversion device, is 3, and hot water at 60°C to 65°C is stored in the heat storage tank for hot water supply. If this heat demand is to be met only by grid power, the heat transfer coefficient of the heat storage tank will be 0.36 W / (m 2 16(a), the amount of power supplied from the grid increases linearly with an increase in the capacity of the heat storage tank, as shown by the line La in Fig. 16(a). This is because the amount of heat dissipation increases with an increase in the capacity of the heat storage tank.

[0145] On the other hand, in the energy system 1 of this embodiment in which the surplus of the power generated by the solar power generation device is used to store heat in the heat storage device, the heat transfer coefficient of the heat storage tank is also 0.36 W / (m 2 .K), as shown by the curve Lb, the capacity of the heat storage tank is about 0.5 m 3 Above this, the amount of power supplied from the grid is greatly reduced. 3 Above this level, the amount of power supplied from the grid gradually increases, but it is still significantly reduced compared to when power is supplied only from the grid. The thermal insulation of the heat storage tank is further improved to reduce the heat transfer coefficient to 0.06 W / (m 2 ·K), the amount of power supplied from the grid is further reduced and the capacity of the heat storage tank is increased to 1.2 m, as shown by the curve Lc. 3 Once this limit is exceeded, the amount of power supplied from the grid becomes constant and does not increase.

[0146] Let us also consider a case where a heat exchanger with the same performance is used to store 45°C hot water in a heat storage tank for heating. The heat transfer coefficient of the heat storage tank is 0.36 W / (m 2 16(a), the amount of power supplied from the grid increases linearly as the capacity of the heat storage tank increases. 2 .K), as shown by the curve Le, the capacity of the heat storage tank is about 0.5 m 3 Above this, the amount of power supplied from the grid is greatly reduced. 3 Above this level, the amount of power supplied from the grid gradually increases, but it is still significantly reduced compared to when power is supplied only from the grid. Furthermore, the thermal insulation of the heat storage tank is improved to reduce the heat transfer coefficient to 0.06 W / (m 2 ·K), as shown by the curve Lf, the amount of power supplied from the grid is further reduced and the capacity of the heat storage tank is increased by approximately 1.0 m 3 Once this limit is exceeded, the amount of power supplied from the grid becomes constant and does not increase.

[0147] From the results of these simulations, it is assumed that the heat transfer coefficient of the heat storage tank is at least 0.06 W / (m 2 K)~0.36W / (m 2 ·K) and the capacity of the heat storage tank is 0.5m 3 ~2.0m 3 It was considered that within this range, the energy system 1 of this embodiment, which supplies surplus power to the heat storage device, can reliably achieve the effect of reducing the amount of power supplied from the grid power line. A heat transfer coefficient within this numerical range can be achieved by providing the heat insulating layers 42i, 42n described with reference to Figs. 15(a) to 15(c) in the heat storage tank.

[0148] In addition, as is clear from Figure 17, which shows the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system and the amount of power supplied from the grid power line throughout the year for the first unit grid, which is a general residence, the total amount of power consumption increases in summer and winter. This is thought to be due to an increase in power consumption for air conditioning in summer and for heating in winter. In addition, while most of the power consumption can be covered by photovoltaic power generation in summer, there is a high dependency on grid power in winter. It is inevitable that the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system will fluctuate depending on the season. Therefore, by using a heat storage tank with improved insulation as described above, it is possible to convert the surplus power generated by photovoltaic power generation from spring to summer into heat and store it in the heat storage device, and use it to meet the heat demand from autumn to winter, when the amount of power generated by photovoltaic power generation decreases.

[0149] That is, in a unit grid equipped with a photovoltaic power generation device, surplus power generated in the season when the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device is greater than the power demand (from spring to summer in Japan) is converted into heat and stored in a heat storage device, and the stored heat is supplied to a heat load in the season when the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device is reduced (from autumn to winter in Japan). This is an original energy exchange adjustment method in which the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device is converted into heat, stored, and used to meet the heat demand over a "long span spanning the seasons." This adjustment can be optimized, for example, by setting the output from the photovoltaic power generation device, the insulation properties (heat transfer coefficient) of the heat storage tank, and the capacity of the heat storage tank, taking into account the power demand of the power load in the unit grid, the heat demand due to the heat load, and the seasonal fluctuations in the power balance of the mobile storage battery.

[0150] In the above, the energy system 1 is shown in which a unit grid and another unit grid form an interconnection grid as an electric vehicle moves. By further developing such an energy system 1, it is possible to create an energy system 1n in which an interconnection grid for adjusting energy transfer between unit grids is also formed via a communication network. In this energy system 1n, as shown in FIG. 18, a management server 91 and a user terminal 92 are connected via a communication network 90.

[0151] The user terminal 92 is the above-mentioned control device provided in the facility 10 or the electric mobile body 20 in the unit grid, further equipped with a communication device that transmits and receives data via the communication network 90. ​​The management server 91 is a server used by the business operator that manages this energy system 1n, and is a computer equipped with a storage device consisting of a main storage device and an auxiliary storage device, a central processing unit, and a communication device that transmits and receives data via the communication network 90. ​​The storage device stores a program that causes the computer to function as a management-side energy transfer adjustment means.

[0152] The user terminal 92 transmits numerical data including the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 30 in the unit grid, the power demand of the power load, and the amount of power stored in the mobile storage battery to the management server 91 via the communication network 90. ​​These numerical data are in a state in which each unit grid forms a linked grid with other unit grids as the motorized mobile body 20 moves, and the above-mentioned energy transfer adjustment is performed in each unit grid. The management server 91 associates the received numerical data with the identification information of the unit grid, and stores it in the storage device as a database 91d.

[0153] Since weather conditions are almost the same in geographically close areas, fluctuations in the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 30 are almost the same in the unit grid of the facility 10 located in that area. On the other hand, the time when demand occurs and the amount of consumption of electricity and heat differ depending on the lifestyle of the residents and users of the facility 10. In addition, the travel distance and time period of use of the mobile storage battery also differ depending on the purpose of the electric vehicle 20. Therefore, even within geographically close areas, the energy balance differs for each unit grid, and there is a difference in the timing of surplus or shortage.

[0154] Therefore, the management side energy transfer adjustment means of the management server 91 monitors the fluctuation of the numerical data transmitted from the unit grids and calculates the energy balance to grasp the unit grids having a surplus of power and the unit grids having a shortage of power. Then, in order to minimize the amount of power that the unit grids having a shortage of power receive from the grid power line 51, the management side energy transfer adjustment means arranges for power to be transmitted from the unit grids having a surplus of power to the unit grids having a shortage of power. This power transmission can be performed using the facilities of the grid power line 51 based on a contract between the management company of the energy system 1n and the company that owns and manages the grid power line 51.

[0155] By extracting a combination of unit grids that form a linking grid so that the transfer of power between such unit grids can be carried out within geographically close areas, power loss can be reduced and power can be transmitted. In this way, the unit grids form a linking grid via the communication network 90 and share power with each other, so that energy can be used efficiently within the community formed by the unit grids connected to the management server 91, and the amount of power supplied to each unit grid from the system power line 51 can be reduced.

[0156] As described above, the energy system and the energy transfer adjustment method of the present embodiment are a system that integrates the movement of people and objects into the movement of energy, so that the cost of energy transfer can be significantly reduced. In addition, the mobile storage battery, which is originally used for driving, is also used for adjusting the energy transfer, so that the cost of energy transfer is also reduced in this respect.

[0157] Furthermore, the effective use of renewable energy can reduce dependency on grid power, and proper energy exchange adjustments can reduce the amount of energy required by the entire system, significantly reducing the need for facilities (infrastructure) such as fossil fuel supply stations. This makes it possible to provide an independent energy supply that does not depend on infrastructure, and even in situations where lifelines are cut off due to disasters, a stable supply of energy can be provided within the community.

[0158] In addition, because it is extremely effective in reducing CO2 gas emissions, it not only greatly reduces the burden on the environment, but also meets the societal demand for curbing greenhouse gas emissions.

[0159] Furthermore, by creating an energy system in which unit grids form a linked grid via a communication network, it is possible to more flexibly select a partner unit grid to share power surpluses and shortages that cannot be adjusted individually on a unit grid basis, making it possible to use energy more efficiently throughout the community.

[0160] The present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various improvements and design changes are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention, as described below.

[0161] For example, in the above embodiment, the renewable energy power generation device is a solar power generation device, but the energy transfer adjustment is similar even if the renewable energy power generation device is a solar heat, wind power, geothermal power, or marine energy power generation device. The processing related to the difference in the amount of power generated between day and night and between seasons in solar power generation is similarly applied to the difference in the amount of power generated in other renewable energy power generation devices that occurs due to natural conditions.

[0162] In addition, in the embodiment of the linked grid consisting of the first unit grid and the second unit grid, the second unit grid, which is a facility of the workplace, does not take into account the electric mobile body and the heat storage device based there. This is not limited to this, and if the second unit grid is configured in the same manner as the first unit grid, the effect of energy saving by adjusting the transfer of energy can be further improved. In other words, all unit grids constituting the community are equipped with not only photovoltaic power generation devices, but also electric mobile bodies and heat storage devices based there, and supply power to the mobile storage batteries of electric mobile bodies arriving from other unit grids, and also adjust the transfer of energy using electric mobile bodies and heat storage devices in their own unit grids, thereby further improving the effect of energy saving in the entire community.

[0163] Furthermore, the number of unit grids with which a unit grid can form a linking grid is not limited to one, and if a unit grid can form a linking grid with other unit grids, the community as a whole can further reduce its dependence on grid power, and CO2 gas emissions can also be further reduced.

[0164] In addition, at least some of the unit grids that make up the community can be made into an energy system equipped with a hydrogen generator that uses electricity to split water and generate hydrogen. In this way, if there is a surplus of electricity generated by the renewable energy power generation equipment, it can be converted into hydrogen, stored, and used as fuel. This is suitable for unit grids in facilities that have an environment suitable for storing hydrogen, such as chemical industrial facilities.

[0165] In the above, a floor heater 43 that circulates hot and cold water in pipes is exemplified as a heating source, but a panel heater having a hot and cold water flow path can also be used. Furthermore, the medium that carries heat to the heating appliance can be the medium that stores heat in the heat storage tank itself, or a fluid that has exchanged heat with the medium.

[0166] In addition, in the above embodiment, electric power is converted into heat and stored, and heating and hot water supply are exemplified as heat demands that can be met by using this heat. In addition to storing heat by heating the medium, the medium can also be cooled by electric power and stored for use in cooling. When storing the medium by cooling it, the heat storage tank having the above-mentioned configuration and having the insulating layer can also be effectively used.

Claims

1. The present invention provides an energy system in a community that includes a plurality of unit grids, each of which is an energy transfer network in a single facility having an electric load that consumes electric power, Each of the unit grids includes a renewable energy power generation device that generates power using renewable energy, and supplies the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device to the power load of the unit grid. Each of the unit grids forms a linkage grid in which power stored in a mobile storage battery, which is a storage battery mounted on an electrically-driven mobile body, is exchanged with other unit grids as the electrically-driven mobile body moves, a combination of the unit grids forming the interconnection grid changes depending on the destination of the electrically-driven mobile body, and a virtual grid for transmitting and receiving electric power is formed by a plurality of the unit grids whose mutual geographical positional relationships are not fixed, The unit grid further includes a heat load, a heat storage device that converts electric power into heat and stores it, an uninterruptible power supply device that is a stationary storage battery in the facility, and a control device that adjusts energy exchange, The control device controls the movement of power through a current flow path for performing at least one of (A) power supply from the renewable energy power generation device to the power load, (B) power supply from the renewable energy power generation device to the heat storage device, (C) power supply from the renewable energy power generation device to the mobile storage battery, and (D) power supply from the renewable energy power generation device to the uninterruptible power supply device, based on detection of numerical data including the amount of power generated by the renewable energy power generation device, the power demand of the power load, the heat demand of the heat load, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device, the amount of stored power in the mobile storage battery, and the amount of stored power in the uninterruptible power supply device, and controls so that among (A) to (D), (A) has the highest priority and (D) has the lowest priority, and does not control the supply of power from the uninterruptible power supply device to the mobile storage battery. An energy system characterized by:

2. The uninterruptible power supply is a small-capacity storage battery with an upper limit of stored power of 5 kWh.

2. The energy system according to claim 1 .

3. the control devices of the plurality of unit grids are each connected to a management server via a communication network; The numerical data is transmitted from the control device to the management server via the communication network, The management server includes: a database for storing the received numerical data in association with identification information of the unit grid; A means for extracting a combination of the unit grids that forms a link grid for transferring power based on the surplus or shortage of power in each of the unit grids is provided.

2. The energy system according to claim 1 .

4. The heat storage device includes an insulating layer that insulates a container that contains a medium for storing heat, The heat insulating layer is a vacuum heat insulating layer in which the wall of the container has a double structure and the space between the double walls is a vacuum, or a heat insulating layer in which a porous core material is covered with a film and the space inside the film is reduced in pressure, and multiple vacuum heat insulating materials are laminated.

2. The energy system according to claim 1 .

5. 2. An energy transfer adjustment method used in the energy system according to claim 1 in a community having a plurality of unit grids, which are energy transfer networks in a unit facility having a power load that consumes power, In the energy system, Each of the unit grids includes a renewable energy power generation device that generates power using renewable energy, and supplies the power generated by the renewable energy power generation device to the power load of the unit grid. Each of the unit grids forms a linking grid in which power stored in a mobile storage battery, which is a storage battery mounted on an electrically-driven mobile body, is exchanged with the other unit grids as the electrically-driven mobile body moves, a combination of the unit grids forming the interconnection grid changes depending on the destination of the electrically-driven mobile body, and a virtual grid for transmitting and receiving electric power is formed by a plurality of the unit grids whose mutual geographical positional relationships are not fixed, The unit grid further includes a heat load, a heat storage device that converts electric power into heat and stores it, an uninterruptible power supply device that is a stationary storage battery in the facility, and a control device that adjusts energy exchange, The control device controls the movement of power through a current flow path for performing at least one of (A) power supply from the renewable energy power generation device to the power load, (B) power supply from the renewable energy power generation device to the heat storage device, (C) power supply from the renewable energy power generation device to the mobile storage battery, and (D) power supply from the renewable energy power generation device to the uninterruptible power supply device, based on detection of numerical data including the amount of power generated by the renewable energy power generation device, the power demand of the power load, the heat demand of the heat load, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage device, the amount of stored power in the mobile storage battery, and the amount of stored power in the uninterruptible power supply device, and controls so that among (A) to (D), (A) has the highest priority and (D) has the lowest priority, and does not control the supply of power from the uninterruptible power supply device to the mobile storage battery. The energy exchange adjustment method according to the present invention is characterized in that

6. The linking grid includes a combination of a first unit grid having a general residence as the facility and a second unit grid having a workplace of a resident of the residence as the facility, The motorized mobile object includes at least a commuter mobile object belonging to the first unit grid and used for commuting, The commuter vehicle receives power supply from the renewable energy power generation device of the second unit grid to the mobile storage battery while the commuter vehicle is parked at the workplace, and when the commuter vehicle is parked at the house and there is a shortage of power in the house to meet the power demand of the power load, the commuter vehicle discharges the power from the mobile storage battery and supplies the power to the power load.

6. The energy exchange adjustment method according to claim 5.

7. The renewable energy power generation device is a solar power generation device, Heat is stored in the heat storage device using power supplied from the renewable energy power generation device or the mobile storage battery, and the heat is supplied to the thermal load; In a season when the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device is greater than the power demand, surplus power is converted into heat and stored in the heat storage device, and the stored heat is supplied to the heat load in a season when the amount of power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device is reduced, thereby exchanging energy over a span spanning seasons.

6. The energy exchange adjustment method according to claim 5.

8. The electrically-driven mobile objects belonging to the unit grids constituting the community exchange electric power with each other via a charging / discharging device.

6. The energy exchange adjustment method according to claim 5.

9. The unit grid includes, as the current flow path, a system power flow path for receiving power from a system power line or for performing a reverse power flow to the system power line, The control device performs control so as to minimize the movement of power through the grid power flow path.

6. The energy exchange adjustment method according to claim 5.

10. The control device stores time-series performance values ​​for a certain period in the past as the numerical data, and performs control based on the performance values ​​and the current numerical data.

6. The energy exchange adjustment method according to claim 5.

11. The control device acquires weather forecast information via a communication network and performs control by referring to the acquired weather forecast information.

6. The energy exchange adjustment method according to claim 5.

12. the control devices of the plurality of unit grids are each connected to a management server via a communication network; The numerical data is transmitted from the control device to the management server via the communication network, The management server includes: The received numerical data is stored in a database in association with identification information of the unit grid, and A combination of the unit grids that forms a link grid for transferring power is extracted based on the power surplus or shortage in each of the unit grids.

6. The energy exchange adjustment method according to claim 5.

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