Method for manufacturing a multi-layer plain bearing and apparatus for manufacturing a plain bearing

Abstract

To provide a method and device capable of easily manufacturing a multilayer slide bearing, which can overcome defects of conventional arts.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer slide bearing 1, comprising: a step of providing a support 2; a step of providing a bearing body 3; a step of adding the bearing body 3 to the support 2, with a support coupling surface 5 facing a bearing body coupling surface 6; and a step of applying magnetic force to the bearing body by a magnetic force generator 16, to deform the bearing body 3, pressing the bearing body 3 against the support 2 by the magnetic force generator 16, and forming a frictional connection and / or shape connection and / or material connection with the support.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a multi-layer plain bearing, as well as an apparatus for producing a plain bearing. [Background technology]

[0002] AU 511434 A1 discloses a method for producing a multi-layer plain bearing.

[0003] The method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is complicated and therefore requires a great deal of effort in producing the multilayer plain bearing. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] AU Patent Application Publication No. 511434 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a method and an apparatus with which a multi-layer sliding bearing can be easily manufactured. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved by an apparatus and a method as set forth in the claims.

[0007] According to the present invention, A method for producing a multi-layer plain bearing is provided, the method comprising the steps of: Providing a support; Providing a bearing body; The bearing body is attached to the support, with the support mating surface facing the bearing body mating surface; The method includes a step of applying a magnetic force to the bearing body by a magnetic force generator, thereby deforming the bearing body, so that the bearing body is pressed against the support by the magnetic force generator and forms a frictional and / or positive and / or material bond with the support.

[0008] The surprising advantage of the method according to the invention is that the force action on the bearing body by the magnetic force generator can be generated without the need for direct contact and furthermore a stationary connection between the support and the bearing body can be obtained which can be maintained over time.

[0009] It may furthermore be expedient if the support body connecting surface and the bearing body connecting surface are cylindrically shaped, which has the advantage that the bearing body can be clamped to the support body due to a cylindrical geometry when the bearing body is deformed.

[0010] Furthermore, a solid cylindrical pin can be provided as the support, and the bearing body can be externally slipped onto the support. In particular, the support can be a pin of a planetary gear transmission of a wind power plant. The surprising advantage of using a solid cylindrical pin is that a particularly good connection between the pin and the bearing body can be achieved. This is possibly achieved because the pin has only a small elastic compliance with radial forces compared to, for example, a hollow body. As a result, the entire energy of the magnetic force generator is introduced into the connection between the two components and is not partially absorbed by the support, as in other embodiments.

[0011] It is further conceivable that the support is formed in the form of a pin segment or other cylindrical or hollow cylindrical segment, which is formed from a solid material without hollow spaces or through holes, with such an embodiment also obtaining the surprising advantages described in the previous paragraph.

[0012] In particular, it is conceivable that the bearing body is formed as a rotor main bearing of a wind power installation. In this case, the bearing body and the support body can be formed in segments. Such bearing segments are disclosed in EP 2 558 718 B1, the contents of which are incorporated by reference.

[0013] Furthermore, the substrate-bonding surface may have a surface structuring, for example knurling.

[0014] Furthermore, it may be expedient for the surface structuring of the support-bonding surface to have cross knurls or right-left knurls. Surprisingly, the cross knurling or right-left knurling method or the surface produced thereby results in an improved holding capacity between the bearing body and the support compared to all other surface structuring or smooth surfaces. Such knurling methods are standardized in DIN 8583-5, DIN 82, DIN 403. In particular, the following symbols can be used according to the standards for the above-mentioned knurls: RGE: right-left knurl, convex tip (fish skin), RGV: right-left knurl, concave tip, RKE: cross knurl, convex tip, RKV: cross knurl, concave tip.

[0015] During knurling, a distinction is made between non-cutting knurl rolling and cutting knurl milling. Depending on the method, the profile is either pressed in with a knurl wheel or milled with a knurl milling cutter. In CNC lathe machines with driven tools, the use of special knurl milling tools also makes it possible to avoid refastening on another machine. The machining forces during milling are lower, so they find application mainly when the workpiece is thinner or on machining centers. In the case of further embodiments, it is also conceivable that the above-mentioned structure is manufactured on a rotationally symmetrical workpiece with a rotary chisel or by a rotary method. Such a rotary method can be carried out in the same way as thread cutting. Right and left knurling can be realized by left-handed and right-handed threads.

[0016] In particular, the above-mentioned surfaces produced by cross knurling or bilateral knurling in conjunction with the support body joining surface and the bearing body joining surface formed in the form of a cylinder or a cylindrical segment provide a particularly improved holding capacity between the support body and the bearing body.

[0017] It is also advantageous that the magnetic force generator is formed as a hollow cylinder and arranged radially outwardly around the bearing body in order to deform the bearing body, such that the bearing body, which is arranged radially outwardly around the support, can be easily pressed against the support.

[0018] In another embodiment, the support can be formed as a hollow cylinder, the bearing body can be arranged inside the support, and the magnetic force generator can be arranged inside the bearing body, in which case the magnetic force generator exerts a radially outwardly acting force on the bearing body, which presses the bearing body radially outwardly.

[0019] According to a further configuration, the magnetic force generator comprises a coil which is supplied with an electric current, by means of which an electromagnetic force is exerted on the bearing body. In particular, a magnetic force can be easily exerted on the bearing body by means of a magnetic force generator formed in this way.

[0020] Furthermore, it may be expedient if, during deformation of the bearing body, a voltage is applied to the bearing body by means of a first electrode fixed to the bearing body and a second electrode fixed to the bearing body, the first electrode and the second electrode are short-circuited, the advantage of which is that the magnetic force exerted by the magnetic force generator on the bearing body can be increased.

[0021] Furthermore, the bearing body may be made of a paramagnetic, ferromagnetic or diamagnetic bearing body material, in particular a bearing body made of such a material being simply adapted for deformation by magnetic forces.

[0022] Furthermore, the bearing body may be provided with a sliding surface, which may have an axial bearing region and a radial bearing region. The surprising advantage of a bearing body which simultaneously serves for axial and radial bearing is that such a sliding bearing is less susceptible to defects and may have a high degree of running smoothness. In particular, if the bearing body formed in this way is applied to the support body by means of a magnetic force generator, a high degree of precision of the combined axial and radial bearing can be obtained. For the combined axial and radial bearing function, it may be advantageous if the surface structuring of the support body connecting surface simultaneously has a cross knurl or a left-right knurl.

[0023] Furthermore, the bearing body and / or the support can be heated above room temperature before and / or while they are pressed together. The advantage of this is that stresses in the material can be reduced. Furthermore, such measures reduce the thermal expansion under the conditions of use. In particular, for aluminum materials, heating can be performed at 350°C to 430°C. For steel materials, heating can be performed at 550°C to 650°C.

[0024] Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the bearing body and the support body are brought to the same temperature, between -70°C and 350°C.

[0025] Specifically, the bearing body may be made of an aluminum-tin alloy. The aluminum-based bearing body may be made of, for example, AlSn40, AlSn20, AlSn25, AlSn10, AlSn6, etc.

[0026] Alternatively, the bearing body may be made of a copper-tin alloy. Usable copper-based bearing metals are, for example, CuPb22Sn2, CuPb10Sn10, CuPb15Sn7, CuSn6, and CuSn4Zn1. In particular, lead-free copper alloys based on CuAl, CuSn, CuZn, CuSnZn, CuZnSn, and CuBi are advantageous in terms of their lower environmental impact.

[0027] Furthermore, the bearing body may be made of the material CuSn5. Tests have shown that the use of a bearing body made of such a material allows the method according to the invention to be carried out surprisingly efficiently. In particular, a surprisingly high strength of the connection between the bearing body and the support can be achieved in comparison with a bearing body made of another material.

[0028] Furthermore, the bearing body may have a copper-based alloy, which contains 0.1% to 3% by weight of sulfur, 0.01% to 4% by weight of iron, 0% by weight, specifically 0.001% to 2% by weight of phosphorus, and at least one element from a first group consisting of zinc, tin, aluminum, manganese, nickel, silicon, chromium, and indium in total of 0.1% to 49% by weight, in which the proportion of zinc is 0% to 45% by weight, the proportion of tin is 0% to 40% by weight, the proportion of aluminum is 0% to 15% by weight, the proportion of manganese is 0% to 10% by weight, the proportion of nickel is 0% to 10% by weight, the proportion of silicon is 0% to 10% by weight, and the proportion of chromium is 0% to 10% by weight. The present invention relates to a bearing body having a composition comprising at least one element from a first group, the proportion of which is between 0% and 2% by weight and the proportion of indium between 0% and 10% by weight, and at least one element from a second group consisting of silver, magnesium, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, arsenic, lithium, yttrium, calcium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, antimony, selenium, tellurium, bismuth, niobium, palladium, each in a proportion between 0% and 1.5% by weight, the total proportion of the elements of the second group being between 0% and 2% by weight, the remainder up to 100% by weight being made up of copper and impurities originating from the production of the elements. In particular, the method according to the invention can be applied surprisingly well to a bearing body having such a composition, so that the bearing body and the support can be bonded surprisingly well.

[0029] Furthermore, before the bearing body is deformed, the bearing body connecting surface may be arranged at a predetermined distance from the support connecting surface, and the bearing body may be accelerated by the magnetic force generator in the direction of the support so that the bearing body connecting surface collides with the support connecting surface at an impact speed of 10 m / s to 1000 m / s, in particular 100 m / s to 600 m / s, preferably 250 m / s to 400 m / s. In particular, the bearing body accelerated to such a speed can be connected to the support in a sufficiently immobile and persistent manner for a long time. And in this case, it is not necessary to separately prepare the surfaces of the bearing body or the support. Therefore, the bearing body or the support can be sufficiently deformed by the collision energy alone, so that the material connection or the shape connection of these two objects can be achieved.

[0030] According to one particular feature, it is also possible for a time-limited current impulse to be discharged into the coil supplied with current, so that the current impulse can have an increased current intensity without overheating the coil.

[0031] In particular, a capacitor providing energy for a time-limited current impulse may be charged such that the capacitor is capable of releasing the required amount of energy for the current impulse within a short period of time.

[0032] According to an advantageous further configuration, the current impulses may have a current strength of 10 kA to 800 kA, in particular 50 kA to 600 kA, advantageously 300 kA to 480 kA, particularly such current strengths generating sufficiently large magnetic forces that they are able to deform the bearing body.

[0033] In particular, the energy applied to the coil may be between 2 kJ and 250 kJ, in particular between 10 kJ and 150 kJ, advantageously between 40 kJ and 60 kJ.

[0034] Furthermore, the frequency of the current in the coil may be between 1 kHz and 100 kHz, in particular between 5 kHz and 50 kHz, advantageously between 15 kHz and 30 kHz.

[0035] In particular, it may be advantageous if the magnetic force applied by the magnetic force generator acts on the bearing body within a locally defined area, by which means the magnetic force acting locally on the defined area of ​​the bearing body can be increased.

[0036] Furthermore, the support body and / or the bearing body can be at least partially formed as a flat product, in particular the sliding surfaces being formed as flat surfaces. The surprising advantage of the method according to the invention is that even in flat products the support body and the bearing body can be connected in a substantially immovable manner.

[0037] Furthermore, it is of course also possible for the support body to be cylindrical or hollow cylindrical and for the bearing body to be formed as a cylindrical segment, which can surprisingly be connected to the support body with sufficient strength by the method according to the invention without additional measures.

[0038] Furthermore, the support body can have a form element, for example a groove, on the support body connecting surface, and the bearing body can be pressed into the form element when the bearing body is deformed, so that the running surface of the bearing body has a shape that matches the form element. This has the advantage that the desired form element, for example a lubricant groove, can be easily introduced into the running surface of the bearing body. In this case, the magnetic force generator can exert an increased force action on the bearing body in the region of such a form element, so that the bearing body can be pressed as well as possible into the form element formed in the support body. It is also conceivable that a number of individual form elements, for example individual small pockets, are formed in the support body, which can be used, for example, in order to provide individual lubricant cushions on the running surface of the bearing body in the joined state.

[0039] Further, a coil is provided which can be supplied with an electric current, said coil being configured to apply a forming force to said bearing body.

[0040] According to the invention, an apparatus for manufacturing a plain bearing is provided, which has a support and / or a holding device for holding a bearing body, and furthermore, a coil is provided which can be supplied with an electric current, said coil being configured to apply a forming force to the bearing body.

[0041] A multi-layer plain bearing in the sense of this specification is a plain bearing which has at least two layers, namely a support and a bearing body. In particular, the support and the bearing body are made from different materials. The bearing body and / or the support itself can have further layers of different materials.

[0042] The head cross-sectional width may be between 0.1 mm and 30 mm, in particular between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, advantageously between 1 mm and 6 mm.

[0043] The cross-sectional width of the base is smaller than the cross-sectional width of the head by 0.01 mm to 10 mm, in particular by 0.1 mm to 3 mm, advantageously by 0.4 mm to 2 mm.

[0044] It may also be expedient if the surface structure of the support-body connecting surface has undercuts into which the bearing body material is pressed in. In this way, a positive connection between the support body and the bearing body can be achieved.

[0045] Furthermore, the surface structuring can have webs which can be deformed when the bearing body and the support are pressed together, which has the surprising advantage that the bond between the bearing body and the support can have an increased strength.

[0046] Additionally, the web may be oriented approximately perpendicular to the substrate bonding surface.

[0047] Also advantageous is the feature that the web is adapted to bend transversely to its longitudinal extension during pressing of the bearing body and the support together, which surprisingly allows for a good connection between the support and the bearing body.

[0048] According to a further configuration, the web can have a top cross-sectional width in the web top, the web can have a base cross-sectional width at the web base, and the top cross-sectional width can be greater than the base cross-sectional width.

[0049] Furthermore, it may be expedient if the surface structure of the bonding surface of the support body is produced by a molding process, in particular by a knurling process, in particular by such hobbing processes, which allow the required surface structure of the support body to be easily produced.

[0050] Furthermore, the surface structuring of the support-bonding side can be produced by machining, which produces a surface structuring with good component strength, especially in the case of large components.

[0051] Furthermore, the bearing body and the support can be pressed together by a magnetic force generator, which applies a magnetic force to the bearing body, which is pressed against the support by the magnetic force generator. This has the surprising advantage that the bonding quality between the support and the bearing body can be increased and furthermore the bond between both objects can be easily produced. In particular, such a casting method can produce elongated rods from which the individual bearing bodies of the individual multi-layer plain bearings can be produced.

[0052] Furthermore, it is also conceivable that a rod cast by the above casting method can be cut to a predetermined length and then a bearing body can be produced from the rod.

[0053] For a better understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the following drawings.

[0054] The figures are each highly simplified schematic diagrams. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0055] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a multi-layer plain bearing provided with a cylindrical sliding surface. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of a multi-layer plain bearing provided with a planar sliding surface. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a detailed view showing the surface structuring of the multilayer plain bearing. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows the steps for manufacturing a multi-layer plain bearing. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 illustrates a further method for producing a multi-layer plain bearing. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows the steps for manufacturing a plain multi-layer plain bearing. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows the steps for manufacturing a multi-layer plain bearing with deformed webs. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a multi-layer plain bearing with surface elements. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows an example of a support with a surface structuring in the form of knurls. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a bearing body with an axial bearing region and a radial bearing region. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0056] It should be noted at the outset that in the embodiments described as different, the same parts are given the same reference numbers or component numbers. The disclosure contained in the entire description can be transferred accordingly to the same parts having the same reference numbers or component numbers. Also, the descriptions of selected positions in the description, such as above, below, side, etc., refer to the figures directly described and illustrated, and when the positions are changed, these position descriptions can be transferred accordingly to the new positions.

[0057] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a multi-layer plain bearing.

[0058] As can be seen from Figure 1, the multilayer plain bearing 1 has at least one support 2 and a bearing body 3. The support 2 serves to give the multilayer plain bearing 1 the required stability. The bearing body 3 is formed with a sliding surface 4. The support 2 has a support-bonding surface 5, which rests against a bearing body bonding surface 6 of the bearing body 3 in the operable state of the multilayer plain bearing 1.

[0059] It is furthermore conceivable that the support body 2 and / or the bearing body 3 are constructed from a number of individual layers with different material compositions. In particular, the bearing body 3 can have, for example, a surface coating in the region of the sliding surface 4.

[0060] As is apparent from FIG. 1, the support body 2 and the bearing body 3 are formed cylindrically or hollow cylindrically, and the support body connecting surface 5 and the bearing body connecting surface 6 may have cylindrical surfaces.

[0061] Here, the support body 2 is arranged inside the bearing body 3, and in particular the support body connecting surface 5 may be formed on the outer jacket of the support body 2 and the bearing body connecting surface 6 may be formed on the inner jacket of the bearing body 3. In particular, the support body 2 and the bearing body 3 may be arranged coaxially with each other.

[0062] In an alternative embodiment, not shown, the support 2 may be formed as a solid cylinder, for example in the form of a pin.

[0063] In an alternative embodiment, not shown, the bearing body 3 can be arranged on the inside on the support 2. The sliding surface 4 is formed on the inner jacket surface of the bearing body 3.

[0064] A multi-layer plain bearing 1 as shown in FIG. 1 serves for the mutual rotational support of two components.

[0065] In Figure 2, an alternative, possibly independent embodiment of a multi-layer plain bearing 1 is shown. The same reference numbers or component symbols are used for the same parts as in the above-mentioned Figure 1. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference or quotation is made to the detailed description of the above-mentioned Figure 1.

[0066] Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a multilayer plain bearing 1. As is evident from Fig. 2, the support 2 and / or the bearing body 3 may be at least partially planar. In particular, the sliding surface 4 may form a plane. Furthermore, the support connecting surface 5 and the bearing body connecting surface 6 may likewise form a plane in which they are connected to one another. The multilayer plain bearing 1 formed in this way can be used, for example, as a linear bearing.

[0067] It is furthermore conceivable that the multi-layer plain bearing 1 is formed in the form of a bearing pad.

[0068] In Figure 3, an alternative, and possibly independent, embodiment of a multi-layer plain bearing 1 is shown. The same reference numbers or component symbols are used for the same parts as in the previous Figures 1 and 2. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made or borrowed from the detailed description of the previous Figures 1 and 2.

[0069] 3 is a detailed cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the connection between the bearing body connecting surface 5 and the support connecting surface 6. In this embodiment, the support 2 is fixedly connected to the bearing body 3 and thus the multilayer plain bearing 1 is in its ready-to-operate state.

[0070] The connection between the support 2 and the bearing body 3 as shown in FIG. 3 can be used both for cylindrical multilayer plain bearings 1 and for planar multilayer plain bearings 1 as shown in FIG. 2.

[0071] As can be seen from FIG. 3, the support body connecting surface 5 of the support body 2 is provided with a surface structuring 7 which can form a positive connection with the bearing body connecting surface 6 of the bearing body 3 .

[0072] As can be seen in Fig. 3, the surface structured portion 7 can have individual webs 8 between which undercuts 9 are formed, into which the material of the bearing body 3 is pressed or deformed during the joining operation of the bearing body 3 with the support body 2, so that a positive connection between the support body 2 and the bearing body 3 is formed.

[0073] The individual webs 8 extend in the longitudinal extension of the support body 2 in the direction of viewing into the drawing plane of Figure 3. In particular, the cross-sectional profile of the multi-layer plain bearing 1 has a constant shape over the entire longitudinal extension of the support body 2.

[0074] As can be further seen from Figure 3, each individual web 8 may have a web top 19 and a web base 11. The web top 10 has a top cross-sectional width 12. The web base 11 has a base cross-sectional width 13. In particular, the top cross-sectional width 12 may be greater than the base cross-sectional width 13. In other words, the web 8 may be tapered from the web top 10 to the web base 11.

[0075] Figures 4a and 4b show another, possibly independent, embodiment of a multilayer plain bearing 1. The same reference numbers or component symbols are used for the same parts as in the previous figures 1 to 3. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made or cited to the detailed description of the previous figures 1 to 3.

[0076] 4a shows a first step of the method sequence for connecting the support body 2 and the bearing body 3. In such a first step, the support body 2 and the bearing body 3 are provided. In particular, the bearing body connecting surface 6 may have a diameter 14 in its undeformed state. The support body connecting surface 5 may have a diameter 15. In particular, the diameter 14 of the bearing body connecting surface 6 may be larger than the diameter 15 of the support body connecting surface 5, so that the bearing body 3 can be easily put on the support body 2. The bearing body connecting surface 6 and the support body connecting surface 5 are thereby arranged at a predetermined distance 18 from each other.

[0077] Furthermore, a plain bearing manufacturing apparatus 21 is provided, which has a holding device 22 for holding the support 2 and / or the bearing body 3 .

[0078] The sliding bearing manufacturing apparatus 21 further comprises a magnetic force generator 16 having a coil 17. Specifically, the coil 17 is arranged surrounding the bearing body 3 on the outside in the circumferential direction.

[0079] If a current source, in particular an alternating current source or a current source with variable current strength, is applied to the coil 17, a magnetic field is generated by the current-passing conductor. This magnetic field acts on the bearing body 3. In the bearing body, a current flow is induced according to Lenz's law. Due to this current flow, a so-called Lorentz force acts on the bearing body 3.

[0080] The coil 17 is accommodated in a form-stable housing. The Lorentz force can therefore cause the bearing body 3 to deform radially inwards. A bearing body 3 configured as a hollow cylinder, as shown in FIG. 4a, is particularly well suited for making it possible to induce an electric current.

[0081] By deforming the bearing body 3 using magnetic force, the bearing body 3 can be pressed against the support body 2, so that the support body 2 and the bearing body 3 are fixedly connected to each other.

[0082] As can already be seen in FIG. 4b, the immovable connection between the support 2 and the bearing body 3 can already be achieved solely by a frictional connection.

[0083] It is furthermore conceivable that the support-bonding surface 5 has a surface structuring 7, so that during deformation of the bearing body 3, the bearing body 3 is partially pressed into the undercuts 9 of the support 2, whereby a positive bond can also be achieved in addition to a frictional bond.

[0084] In Fig. 5, an alternative, possibly independent method sequence or construction for producing a multi-layer plain bearing 1 is shown. The same reference numbers or component symbols are used for the same parts as in the above-mentioned Fig. 4. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made or quoted to the detailed description of the above-mentioned Fig. 4.

[0085] As can be seen from Fig. 5, a first electrode 19 and a second electrode 20 can be arranged on the bearing body 3. The two electrodes 19, 20 can be arranged, for example opposite each other, on two different end faces of the bearing body 3. It is also conceivable that the two electrodes 19, 20 are arranged diametrically opposite each other on the same end face of the bearing body 3.

[0086] By short-circuiting both electrodes 19, 20 with each other, the force acting on the bearing body 3 can be enhanced according to Lenz's law. In particular, in this modified embodiment, a magnetic force is also applied in the bearing body 3 by making improved use of the current induced in the bearing body 3 by the magnetic force of the magnetic force generator 16.

[0087] In another modified embodiment, it is also conceivable to enhance the force acting on the bearing body 3 by applying a current source to the first electrode 19 and the second electrode 20, in particular an alternating current source.

[0088] In Fig. 6, an alternative, possibly independent method sequence or construction for producing a multi-layer plain bearing 1 is shown. The same reference numbers or component symbols are used for the same parts as in the above-mentioned Fig. 4. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made or borrowed from the detailed description of the above-mentioned Fig. 4.

[0089] As can be seen from figure 6, the same principle as described in figure 4 can be applied: in particular, a force can be generated by a magnetic force generator 16 on the bearing body 3, so that the bearing body 3 is pressed against the support 2 and is coupled with the support.

[0090] Prior to the joining operation, as can be seen from FIG. 6, the bearing body 3 may be positioned at a predetermined distance 18 from the support 2, so that the bearing body 3 can be accelerated towards the support 2 by applying a magnetic force.

[0091] As shown in Fig. 6, even when the bearing body 3 is arranged in a plane, the bearing body 3 and the support body 2 can be immovably connected to one another without the presence of a surface structuring 7. Here, the impact energy of the bearing body 3 against the support body 2 is utilized to at least partially deform the support body connecting surface 5 of the support body 2 and thus produce a material or form connection between the bearing body 3 and the support body 2.

[0092] 6, a first electrode 19 and a second electrode 20 may also be arranged on the bearing body 3 in order to increase the magnetic force. These electrodes may again be short-circuited or may be connected to a current source.

[0093] 7a and 7b show in detail a possible method sequence for joining the bearing body 3 and the support body 2. As can be seen from Fig. 7, the bearing body 3 and the support body 2 are deformed in a transverse direction to their longitudinal extension during the pressing operation of the support body 2 with the respective webs 8 of the surface structured portion 7 of the support body 2, so that as a result of such deformation the support body 2 and the bearing body 3 are positively connected. This can be achieved in particular in that during the joining operation of the support body 2 and the bearing body 3, material of the bearing body 3 is displaced laterally transversely to the joining direction, and thus the webs 8 of the surface structured portion 7 of the support body 2 are deformed.

[0094] In this case, the individual webs 8 of the support 2 do not have to be tapered from the web head 10 to the web base 11 in order to achieve a form-fit.

[0095] Figure 8 shows a cross-section of a multi-layer plain bearing 1. As can be seen from figure 8, the support 2 has a geometric element 23 in the form of a groove on its support-bonding surface 5. When deforming the bearing body 3, it is pressed into the geometric element 23, so that the sliding surface 4 of the bearing body 3 has a surface element 24 which fits into the geometric element 23.

[0096] 9 shows an embodiment of a support 2 with a surface structuring 7 in the form of a left-right knurl. The support is made in the form of a pin. The pin can be used, for example, for the application of planetary gears of planetary gear transmissions in wind power plants.

[0097] 10 shows a partial longitudinal section of a further embodiment of a carrier 2, which is designed in the form of a pin, for example a planetary pin of a planetary gear transmission of a wind power plant. A bearing body 3 rests against the carrier 2. The sliding surface 4 of the bearing body 3 has an axial bearing area 25 and a radial bearing area 26. The radial bearing area 26 can be designed cylindrically. The axial bearing area 25 is directly adjacent to the radial bearing area 26.

[0098] In particular, when viewed in longitudinal section, the axial bearing area 25 can be arch-shaped and the radial bearing area 26 can have a tangential transition, whereby improved bearing conditions can be achieved.

[0099] In another variant, not shown, the axial bearing area 25 may likewise form a straight line in the longitudinal section, which may be arranged at an angle to the straight line of the radial bearing area 26. In particular, the axial bearing area 25 may be arranged at an angle of 90° to the radial bearing area 26 in the longitudinal section. A transition radius or transition chamfer may be formed between the axial bearing area 25 and the radial bearing area 26.

[0100] As can be seen from FIG. 10, the support mounting surface 5 can already determine the shape of the sliding surface 4 and thus the axial bearing area 25 and the radial bearing area 26 .

[0101] As can further be seen from Fig. 10, planetary gears 27 can be formed. The planetary gears are rotatably mounted in the bearing body 3. The planetary gears 27 can have running surfaces 28. The running surfaces cooperate with the sliding surfaces 4. The running surfaces 28 can therefore also be formed so as to simultaneously provide axial and radial bearing.

[0102] As can further be seen from Fig. 10, an axial bearing element 29 can be formed which has a further axial bearing region 30. By means of the axial bearing element 29, an axial bearing can be achieved in both axial directions.

[0103] In particular, the axial bearing play can be adjusted by means of the axial bearing element 29. Furthermore, axial adjustability can be obtained, for example, by arranging the axial bearing element 29 on the support 2 by means of a fixing screw.

[0104] To produce the plain bearing structure shown in Fig. 10, in a first step the support 2 can be provided in the form of a planetary gear pin. The support mating surface 5 can have a cylindrical section, which is followed by a radius. Furthermore, the support mating surface 5 can have a surface structuring in the form of a cross knurl or a right-left knurl.

[0105] In a subsequent step, the bearing body 3 configured as a sleeve can be axially slipped onto the support body 2. In a subsequent step, the bearing body 3 can be pressed against the support body 2 by means of a magnetic force generator 16 and thus connected to the support body.

[0106] These examples show possible implementation variations, but it should be clearly stated that the present invention is not limited to the implementation variations specifically shown, but rather various combinations of the individual implementation variations are possible, and such variations are possible based on the teachings for the technical operation of the invention, within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.

[0107] The scope of protection is defined by the claims. However, the description and the drawings can be used to interpret the claims. Individual features or combinations of features of the different embodiments shown and described may be independent solutions of the invention in themselves. The problem underlying the independent solutions of the invention is clear from the description.

[0108] All numerical values ​​relating to value ranges in the present description are meant to include any and all subranges thereof, for example the numerical value 1 to 10 means that all subranges starting from a lower limit of 1 and an upper limit of 10 are included together, i.e. all subranges beginning with a lower limit of 1 or more and ending with an upper limit of 10 or less, for example 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1, or 5.5 to 10.

[0109] Finally, it is pointed out that, for the sake of formality, the elements have in part been shown not to scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size in order to allow a better understanding of the structure. The present disclosure also includes the following inventions. The first aspect is A method for producing a multilayer plain bearing (1), comprising the steps of: The method comprises: Providing a support (2); Providing a bearing body (3); positioning the bearing body (3) on the support (2) so that the support attachment surface (5) faces the bearing body attachment surface (6); and deforming the bearing body (3) by applying a magnetic force to the bearing body by a magnetic force generator (16), so that the bearing body (3) is pressed against the support (2) by the magnetic force generator (16) and forms a frictional and / or form and / or material bond with the support. The second aspect is The method according to the first aspect, characterized in that the support body joining surface (5) and the bearing body joining surface (6) are cylindrically formed. The third aspect is The method according to the first or second aspect, characterized in that a solid cylindrical pin is provided as the support (2) and the bearing body (3) is fitted onto the support (2) from the outside. The fourth aspect is The method according to any one of the first to third aspects, characterized in that the support bonding surface (5) has a surface structuring portion (7), for example a knurled portion. The fifth aspect is The method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, characterized in that the magnetic force generator (16) is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape and is arranged radially outwardly around the bearing body (3) in order to deform the bearing body (3). The sixth aspect is The method according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, characterized in that the magnetic force generator (16) has a coil (17) supplied with electric current, and an electromagnetic force is applied to the bearing body (3) by the coil (17). The seventh aspect is This is a method in any one of the first to sixth aspects, characterized in that while the bearing body (3) is being deformed, a voltage is applied to the bearing body (3) by a first electrode (19) fixed to the bearing body (3) and a second electrode (20) fixed to the bearing body (3), or the first electrode (19) and the second electrode (20) are short-circuited. The eighth aspect is The method according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, characterized in that the bearing body (3) is formed from a paramagnetic bearing body material, a ferromagnetic bearing body material, or a diamagnetic bearing body material. The ninth aspect is The method according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, characterized in that before deforming the bearing body (3), the bearing body joining surface (6) is positioned at a predetermined distance (18) from the support joining surface (5), and the bearing body (3) is accelerated in the direction of the support (2) by the magnetic force generator (16) so that the bearing body joining surface (6) collides with the support joining surface (5) at an impact speed of 10 m / s to 1000 m / s, specifically 100 m / s to 600 m / s, advantageously 250 m / s to 400 m / s. A tenth aspect is The method according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, characterized in that a time-limited current impulse is emitted into a coil (17) supplied with current. An eleventh aspect is A method according to a tenth aspect, characterized in that the current intensity of the current impulse is between 10 kA and 800 kA, in particular between 50 kA and 600 kA, advantageously between 300 kA and 480 kA. A twelfth aspect is The method according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, characterized in that the magnetic force applied by the magnetic force generator (16) acts on the bearing body (3) within a locally limited portion. A thirteenth aspect is The method according to any one of the first aspect or the fourth to twelfth aspects, characterized in that the support (2) and / or the bearing body (3) are at least partially formed as flat products, specifically, the sliding surface (4) is formed as a plane. A fourteenth aspect is The method according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects, characterized in that the support body bonding surface (5) of the support body (2) has a shaped element (23), for example a groove, and when the bearing body (3) is deformed, the bearing body is pressed into the shaped element (23) so that the sliding surface (4) of the bearing body (3) has a surface element (24) that fits the shaped element (23). The fifteenth aspect is Specifically, in a sliding bearing manufacturing apparatus (21) for carrying out the method of any one of the first to fourteenth aspects, the sliding bearing manufacturing apparatus (21) is of a type having a holding device (22) for holding the support body (2) and / or the bearing body (3), A sliding bearing manufacturing apparatus (21) is provided, characterized in that a coil (17) to which an electric current can be supplied is formed, the coil being configured to apply a forming force to the bearing body (3). [Explanation of symbols]

[0110] 1 Multilayer plain bearing 2 Support 3 Bearing body 4. Sliding surface 5 Support bonding surface 6 Bearing body joining surface 7 Surface structured part 8. Web 9 Undercut 10 Web Head 11 Web Base 12 Head section width 13 Base section width 14 Bearing body mating surface diameter 15 Diameter of the support bonding surface 16 Magnetic generator 17 Coil 18 intervals 19 1st electrode 20 2nd electrode 21 Plain bearing manufacturing equipment 22 Holding device 23 Shape Elements 24 Surface Elements 25 Axial bearing area 26 Radial Bearing Area 27 Planetary Gear 28 Running surface 29 Axial bearing elements 30 separate axial bearing areas

Claims

1. A method for producing a multilayer plain bearing (1), comprising: The method comprises: Providing a support (2); Providing a bearing body (3); positioning the bearing body (3) on the support (2) such that the support attachment surface (5) faces the bearing body attachment surface (6); and deforming the bearing body (3) by applying a magnetic force to the bearing body by a magnetic force generator (16), so that the bearing body (3) is pressed against the support body (2) by the magnetic force generator (16) and forms a frictional and / or form and / or material bond with the support body.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the support body bonding surface (5) and the bearing body bonding surface (6) are formed cylindrically.

3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a solid cylindrical pin is provided as the support (2) and the bearing body (3) is fitted onto the support (2) from the outside.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the support bonding surface (5) has a surface structuring portion (7), for example a knurled portion.

5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the magnetic force generator (16) is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape and is arranged radially outwardly around the bearing body (3) in order to deform the bearing body (3).

6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the magnetic force generator (16) has a coil (17) supplied with electric current, and an electromagnetic force is applied to the bearing body (3) by the coil (17).

7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that while the bearing body (3) is being deformed, a voltage is applied to the bearing body (3) by a first electrode (19) fixed to the bearing body (3) and a second electrode (20) fixed to the bearing body (3), or the first electrode (19) and the second electrode (20) are short-circuited.

8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bearing body (3) is formed from a paramagnetic bearing body material, a ferromagnetic bearing body material, or a diamagnetic bearing body material.

9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that before deforming the bearing body (3), the bearing body bonding surface (6) is positioned at a predetermined distance (18) from the support body bonding surface (5), and the bearing body (3) is accelerated in the direction of the support body (2) by the magnetic force generator (16) so that the bearing body bonding surface (6) collides with the support body bonding surface (5) at an impact speed of 10 m / s to 1000 m / s, in particular 100 m / s to 600 m / s, advantageously 250 m / s to 400 m / s.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein a time-limited current impulse is emitted into a coil (17) supplied with current.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the current strength of the current impulse is between 10 kA and 800 kA, in particular between 50 kA and 600 kA, preferably between 300 kA and 480 kA.

12. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the magnetic force applied by the magnetic force generator (16) acts on the bearing body (3) within a locally limited portion.

13. A method according to any one of claims 1 or 4 to 12, characterized in that the support (2) and / or the bearing body (3) are at least partially formed as flat products, in particular the sliding surface (4) is formed as a plane.

14. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the support body bonding surface (5) of the support body (2) has a shaped element (23), for example a groove, and when the bearing body (3) is deformed, the bearing body is pressed into the shaped element (23) so that the sliding surface (4) of the bearing body (3) has a surface element (24) that fits the shaped element (23).

15. Specifically, a sliding bearing manufacturing apparatus (21) for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the sliding bearing manufacturing apparatus (21) having a holding device (22) for holding the support body (2) and / or the bearing body (3), A plain bearing manufacturing apparatus (21), characterized in that a coil (17) to which an electric current can be supplied is formed, the coil being configured to apply a forming force to the bearing body (3).

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