How to raise livestock

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a fermented vegetable composition material that is usable as a substitute for an antibiotic in raising livestock. [Solution] A substitute material for an antibiotic to be used in raising livestock, said substitute material comprising, as a main ingredient, a fermented composition obtained by fermenting and maturing two or more materials selected from among fruits, citrus fruits, burdock root and carrot belonging to root crops, cereals, sesame seeds, seaweeds and sugars, and having a characteristic of increasing specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fermented composition for livestock feed and a method for raising livestock using the fermented composition. [Background technology]

[0002] When raising livestock such as pigs for food, in addition to feeding them feed, they may be given antibiotics such as avilamycin, enramycin, virginiamycin, and colistin for growth purposes. Antibiotics for growth purposes are administered continuously via feed, and the dosage is generally lower than that of antibiotics used for therapeutic purposes. Usage standards, such as dosage, are set for each antibiotic.

[0003] In livestock breeding, antibiotics are given to livestock for growth purposes in order to suppress the production of toxins and putrefactive matter produced by harmful bacteria in the intestines, thereby preventing damage to the villi and crypts and suppressing diarrhea in livestock, thereby promoting healthy growth.

[0004] However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria weakens the effectiveness of antibiotics, making it impossible to prevent the production of toxins and putrefaction, which can lead to diarrhea in livestock. In addition, even amid the recent boom in natural foods, this has the effect of making consumers hesitant to purchase livestock that have been fed antibiotics. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The present inventors have been actively researching the use and effects of fermented compositions obtained by fermenting and maturing specific raw materials, including fruits, grains, seaweed, and vegetables, for a long period of time. They discovered that the fermented composition increases the production of short-chain fatty acids in the intestines of animals, and hypothesized whether it could be used as an alternative to antibiotics given to livestock. Through trial and error and various experiments, they arrived at the present invention. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The technical means used by the present invention to solve the technical problems are as follows.

[0007] That is, the present invention relates to one or more kinds of fruit selected from apple, persimmon, banana, pineapple, akebia, silver vine, fig, wild strawberry, strawberry, wild grape, grape, wild berry, peach, plum, blueberry, and raspberry, one or more kinds of citrus fruit selected from navel orange, hassaku orange, Unshu mandarin orange, summer mandarin orange, orange, Iyokan orange, kumquat, yuzu, kabosu, pomelo, ponkan, lemon, and lime, one or more kinds of root vegetables selected from burdock, carrot, garlic, lotus root, and lily root, and brown rice, which belong to grains. It is obtained by fermenting and maturing one or more kinds of food selected from glutinous rice, white rice, millet, corn, wheat, barley, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet, one or more kinds of food selected from soybeans, black beans, black sesame seeds, white sesame seeds, adzuki beans, and walnuts, which belong to the beans and sesame family, one or more kinds of food selected from kelp, wakame, hijiki, green laver, and seaweed, which belong to the seaweed family, one or more kinds of food selected from brown sugar, fructose, and glucose, which belong to the sugar family, and one or more kinds of food selected from honey, starch, cucumber, shiso, and celery, and has the following components and amino acid composition: The main ingredients per 100g include: Moisture: 5.0g~50.0g, Protein: 0.5g-10.0g, Fat: 0.05g to 10.00g, Carbohydrates (sugar): 30.0g~75.0g, Carbohydrates (fiber): 0.1g-5.0g, Ash content: 0.5g~5.0g, β-carotene: 10μg~150μg, Vitamin A potency: 10IU~100IU, Vitamin B1: 0.01mg to 0.50mg, Vitamin B2: 0.01mg to 0.50mg, Vitamin B6: 0.01mg to 0.50mg, Vitamin E: 10.0 mg or less, Niacin: 0.1mg to 6.0mg, Calcium: 50mg-900mg, Phosphorus: 200mg or less, Iron: 1.0mg~5.0mg, Sodium: 20mg-300mg, Potassium: 300mg to 1000mg, Magnesium: 40mg to 200mg, Salt equivalent: 0.05g~1.00g, Copper: 7.0ppm or less. Amino acid composition per 100g: Isoleucine: 30-200mg, Leucine: 50-400mg, Lysine: 20-200mg, Methionine: 10-150mg, Cystine: 10-100mg, Phenylalanine: 30-250mg, Tyrosine: 20-200mg, Threonine: 40-200mg, Tryptophan: 1-100mg, Valine: 30-300mg, Histidine: 10-200mg, Arginine: 40-400mg, Alanine: 50-300mg, Aspartic acid: 100-600mg, Glutamic acid: 100-1200mg, Glycine: 30-300mg, Proline: 40-400mg, Serine: 30-300mg. The present invention provides a plant fermented composition for use as feed (for livestock), which comprises a fermented composition as a main ingredient. The fermented composition may be characterized by increasing specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines of livestock.

[0008] The present invention provides a plant fermented composition for feed (for livestock) that is obtained by adding one or more of mulberry, ginger, and loquat to the raw materials for the fermented composition, followed by fermentation and maturation, and that uses a fermented composition consisting of the above-mentioned components and amino acid composition as its main raw material.

[0009] The present invention provides an alternative to antibiotics, comprising the prebiotic food according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fermented composition is used as a main ingredient to suppress diarrhea in livestock.

[0010] One or more kinds selected from apple, persimmon, banana, pineapple, Akebia japonica, silver vine, fig, wild strawberry, strawberry, wild grape, grape, wild berry, peach, plum, blueberry, raspberry, loquat, one or more kinds selected from navel orange, hassaku, Unshu mandarin, summer mandarin, orange, Iyokan, kumquat, yuzu, kabosu, pomelo, ponkan, lemon, lime, one or more kinds selected from burdock, carrot, garlic, lotus root, lily root, root, grain, brown rice, glutinous rice, polished rice, It is obtained by fermenting and maturing one or more kinds of millet, corn, wheat, barley, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet, one or more kinds of soybeans, black beans, black sesame, white sesame, adzuki beans, and walnuts, which belong to the beans and sesame family, one or more kinds of seaweeds, which belong to kelp, wakame, hijiki, green laver, and seaweed, one or more kinds of sugars, which belong to brown sugar, fructose, and glucose, and one or more kinds of honey, starch, cucumber, shiso, celery, mulberry, and ginger, and has the following components and amino acid composition: The main ingredients per 100g include: Moisture: 5.0g~50.0g, Protein: 0.5g-10.0g, Fat: 0.05g to 10.00g, Carbohydrates (sugar): 30.0g~75.0g, Carbohydrates (fiber): 0.1g-5.0g, Ash content: 0.5g~5.0g, β-carotene: 10μg~150μg, Vitamin A potency: 10IU~100IU, Vitamin B1: 0.01mg to 0.50mg, Vitamin B2: 0.01mg to 0.50mg, Vitamin B6: 0.01mg to 0.50mg, Vitamin E: 10.0 mg or less, Niacin: 0.1mg to 6.0mg, Calcium: 50mg-900mg, Phosphorus: 200mg or less, Iron: 1.0mg~5.0mg, Sodium: 20mg-300mg, Potassium: 300mg to 1000mg, Magnesium: 40mg to 200mg, Salt equivalent: 0.05g~1.00g, Copper: 7.0ppm or less. Amino acid composition per 100g: Isoleucine: 30-200mg, Leucine: 50-400mg, Lysine: 20-200mg, Methionine: 10-150mg, Cystine: 10-100mg, Phenylalanine: 30-250mg, Tyrosine: 20-200mg, Threonine: 40-200mg, Tryptophan: 1-100mg, Valine: 30-300mg, Histidine: 10-200mg, Arginine: 40-400mg, Alanine: 50-300mg, Aspartic acid: 100-600mg, Glutamic acid: 100-1200mg, Glycine: 30-300mg, Proline: 40-400mg, Serine: 30-300mg. The present invention may also be applied to a livestock breeding method in which a prebiotic feed additive containing the fermented composition as a main ingredient is fed to livestock, and the fermented composition may be characterized by increasing specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines of the livestock.

[0011] The present invention may also be applied to a livestock breeding method in which a prebiotic additive for feed containing the fermented composition as a main ingredient is fed to livestock, thereby eliminating the need for or reducing the amount of antibiotics used. The fermented composition may be characterized by increasing specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines of livestock. Effect of the Invention

[0012] By feeding the present fermented composition to healthy livestock, the growth conditions of the livestock could be made comparable to those of the antibiotic-administered group under breeding conditions in which antibiotics were not administered.

[0013] Specifically, the group administered the fermented composition of the present invention maintained the same level of weight gain in livestock compared to the group administered antibiotics, and did not show any significant changes or abnormal findings in blood, intestinal length or weight, or villus tissue, and also showed the same level of diarrhea symptoms (fecal score).

[0014] The present invention will be further described below in combination with the accompanying drawings and examples. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] Graph showing growth performance of meat pigs [Diagram 2] A graph evaluating the intestinal environment of slaughter pigs (fecal score, fecal IgA concentration) [Diagram 3] Graph showing intestinal short-chain fatty acid concentration in slaughter pigs [Figure 4] Table showing digestive tract shape and blood biochemistry of pigs [Diagram 5] An explanatory diagram of the mechanism of the effect of the present fermented composition on pigs DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0016] The present inventors have focused on the present fermentation composition and conducted experiments to determine whether it has an effect on the growth of livestock (particularly pigs for food) raised under livestock conditions without the administration of antibiotics.

[0017] The present fermented composition (FBP) is selected from one or more fruits selected from apple, persimmon, banana, pineapple, Akebia japonica, silver vine, fig, wild strawberry, strawberry, wild grape, grape, wild berry, peach, plum, blueberry, raspberry, and loquat; one or more citrus fruits selected from navel orange, hassaku citrus, Unshu mandarin orange, summer mandarin orange, orange, Iyokan orange, kumquat, yuzu, kabosu, pomelo, ponkan, lemon, and lime; one or more root vegetables selected from burdock, carrot, garlic, lotus root, and lily root; and one or more grains selected from cereals, such as ryegrass, ginger, and ginger. It is obtained by fermenting and maturing one or more kinds of grains selected from brown rice, glutinous rice, white rice, millet, corn, wheat, barley, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet, one or more kinds of grains selected from soybeans, black beans, black sesame seeds, white sesame seeds, adzuki beans, and walnuts, which belong to the beans and sesame family, one or more kinds of grains selected from kelp, wakame, hijiki, green laver, and seaweed, which belong to the seaweed family, one or more kinds of grains selected from brown sugar, fructose, and glucose, which belong to the sugar family, and one or more kinds of grains selected from honey, starch, cucumber, shiso, celery, mulberry, and ginger. The fermentation and maturation period was 3 years and 3 months or more. In addition, during the fermentation and maturation process, additives, heat, and water were not added artificially, and the fermentation was allowed to stand for 3 years or more. In this experiment, one or two types were selected from each category, and 15 types of raw materials were selected and fermented (the present fermented composition).

[0018] The pigs used in this experiment were 23-day-old suckling piglets (crossbreed). The experiment was designed to compare feeding on a general feed containing antibiotics (control group) and a feed in which the antibiotics were replaced with FBP (the fermented composition) (test group). The same piglet compound feed was used for both the control group and the test group. The control group received 40 ppm of avilamycin as an antibiotic, while the test group received no antibiotics. Conversely, the test group received 0.125% of the fermented composition, while the control group received no fermented composition.

[0019] The feeding period in this experiment was from 23 to 50 days of age. The pigs were kept in single cages, with free access to water and constant feeding. Formulated feed for the piglets was used according to the breeding stage. Avilamycin (antibiotic) was 40 ppm in the control group and 0 ppm in the test group. On the other hand, FBP (the fermented composition) was 0% in the control group and 0.125% in the test group.

[0020] The combinations of sampling sites and measurement items were as follows: "feces, fecal score / IgA," "venous blood, blood biochemistry analysis," "cecal venous blood, short-chain fatty acid analysis," "cecal contents, short-chain fatty acid analysis," and "small intestine / large intestine, organ measurements / villus length / crypt depth."

[0021] Next, the fecal score will be explained. Good stool is considered to be hard and lumpy and is given a score of 0. Soft stool is given a score of 1, diarrhea-like stool is given a score of 2, water-soluble stool is given a score of 3, and diarrhea with a higher degree of water solubility is given a score of 4. The higher the score, the poorer the stool.

[0022] The experimental results will now be explained. Figure 1 (left) is a graph showing the growth performance of edible pigs. First, the weights of edible pigs raised on a general feed containing antibiotics (control group) and on a feed in which the antibiotics were replaced with FBP (the present fermented composition) (test group) were measured and the changes in weight were graphed. The vertical axis is weight (kg) and the horizontal axis is age after birth (days). In both the control group and the test group, the same degree of weight gain was observed over time. In addition, the feed conversion rate was calculated as [feed intake (or consumption) (kg) / livestock production (kg)], and since the vertical axis of the graph in Figure 1 (right) is kg / kg, the feed conversion rate is a unitless number.

[0023] Next, the feed conversion rate of the pigs for food production at specific times was measured in the control and test groups (Figure 1, right). The feed conversion rate increases with increasing age, peaking at 37-44 days after birth, and then showing a tendency to decrease slightly at 44-55 days after birth. The feed conversion rate showed almost the same values ​​in the control and test groups. The feed conversion rate is the amount of feed ingested (or consumed) required to produce 1 kg of livestock product, and indicates how many times the amount of feed is required for production, such as weight gain, with the lower the feed conversion rate, the more efficient it is.

[0024] Figure 2 shows data on the intestinal environment at a specific time in the control and test groups. The left graph shows the fecal scores at a specific age period. The fecal score evaluation method is as described above. In both the control and test groups, the fecal scores were good, and the intestinal environment was stable during the period. The right graph shows the fecal IgA scores at specific ages (23 days, 31 days, and 50 days). No changes in intestinal immunity were observed at rest. The fecal IgA concentration correlates with the immune state in the intestinal tract. Fecal IgA concentration shows high values ​​due to infectious diseases, and conversely, if the fecal IgA concentration drops drastically, the risk of infectious diseases increases. Here, the low values ​​were stable in both groups, which is thought to indicate that the intestinal environment was relatively stable.

[0025] Figure 3 is a graph showing the short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the cecal contents and cecal venous blood in the control and test groups. The short-chain fatty acids measured were acetic acid, propionic acid, and n-butyric acid. In both the control and test groups, no significant change was observed in the overall composition ratio of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal contents and venous blood with FBP feeding, but a tendency for the short-chain fatty acid concentration to be higher was observed in the test group.

[0026] These short-chain fatty acids were measured because the benefits of short-chain fatty acids have been attracting attention. The intestinal mucosa plays a role in the intestinal barrier function of preventing the invasion of pathogens. Butyric acid and propionic acid work to maintain the intestinal mucosa and enhance the intestinal barrier function. In particular, butyric acid is the most important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, and has been reported to promote the metabolism of the intestinal epithelium and to promote intestinal peristalsis.

[0027] Figure 4 is a table showing the digestive tract shape and blood biochemistry test results of the pigs. There were no major differences between the control and test groups in terms of anatomical data (digestive tract shape) such as the small intestine (length, weight), large intestine (length, weight), digestion and absorption (villus height (μm), crypt depth (μm), villi / crypt depth).

[0028] In addition, blood biochemistry tests showed that there were no major differences between the control and test groups in terms of γ-GT, albumin, total cholesterol, and urea nitrogen. These findings support and do not contradict the results of the graph showing the growth performance of the pigs for food (Figure 1) and the graph evaluating the intestinal environment of the pigs for food (fecal score, fecal IgA concentration) (Figure 2).

[0029] Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the mechanism of the effect of the present fermented composition on pigs. In raising pigs, so-called harmful bacteria grow in the digestive tract due to stress or illness on the living body, and these harmful bacteria produce toxins and putrefactive substances, causing damage to the inside of the digestive tract. Specifically, the villi and crypts responsible for the digestive and absorptive functions are damaged, resulting in diarrhea.

[0030] Conventionally, as a countermeasure against the above, antibiotics have been given to livestock during breeding to eliminate harmful bacteria in the digestive tract and prevent diarrhea, etc. However, some harmful bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics.

[0031] The present fermentation composition according to the present invention can achieve the same effect even without antibiotics, and therefore can be used as an alternative to antibiotics for livestock breeding. In other words, it is believed that the present fermentation composition increases the number of useful bacteria in the digestive tract of livestock, promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids from these useful bacteria, and promotes nutrient utilization, resulting in a good intestinal environment. Since the same effect can be achieved even without antibiotics, the present fermentation composition according to the present invention can be used as an alternative to antibiotics for livestock breeding.

Claims

1. One or more kinds selected from apple, persimmon, banana, pineapple, Akebia japonica, silver vine, fig, wild strawberry, strawberry, wild grape, grape, wild berry, peach, plum, blueberry, raspberry, loquat belonging to the fruit category; one or more kinds selected from navel orange, hassaku citrus, Unshu mandarin orange, summer mandarin orange, orange, Iyokan, kumquat, yuzu, kabosu, pomelo, ponkan, lemon, lime belonging to the citrus category; one or more kinds selected from burdock, carrot, garlic, lotus root, lily root belonging to the root category; brown rice, glutinous rice, polished rice belonging to the grain category, The product is obtained by fermenting and maturing one or more kinds of grains selected from millet, corn, wheat, barley, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet, one or more kinds of grains selected from soybeans, black beans, black sesame seeds, white sesame seeds, adzuki beans, and walnuts, which belong to the beans and sesame family, one or more kinds of grains selected from kelp, wakame seaweed, hijiki seaweed, green laver seaweed, and seaweed, one or more kinds of grains selected from brown sugar, fructose, and glucose, which belong to the sugar family, and one or more kinds of grains selected from honey, starch, cucumber, shiso, celery, mulberry, and ginger, and has the following components and amino acid composition: The main ingredients per 100g include: Moisture: 5.0g to 50.0g, Protein: 0.5g-10.0g, Lipids: 0.05g to 10.00g, Carbohydrates (sugar): 30.0g to 75.0g, Carbohydrates (fiber): 0.1g-5.0g, Ash content: 0.5g to 5.0g, β-carotene: 10 μg to 150 μg, Vitamin A potency: 10 IU to 100 IU, Vitamin B １ :0.01mg~0.50mg, Vitamin B ２ :0.01mg~0.50mg, Vitamin B ６ :0.01mg~0.50mg, Vitamin E: 10.0 mg or less, Niacin: 0.1 mg to 6.0 mg, Calcium: 50mg to 900mg, Phosphorus: 200 mg or less, Iron: 1.0 mg to 5.0 mg, Sodium: 20mg to 300mg, Potassium: 300mg to 1000mg, Magnesium: 40mg to 200mg, Salt equivalent: 0.05g to 1.00g, Copper: 7.0 ppm or less, Amino acid composition per 100g: Isoleucine: 30-200 mg, Leucine: 50-400 mg, Lysine: 20-200 mg, Methionine: 10-150 mg, Cystine: 10-100 mg, Phenylalanine: 30-250 mg, Tyrosine: 20-200 mg, Threonine: 40-200 mg, Tryptophan: 1-100 mg, Valine: 30-300 mg, Histidine: 10-200 mg, Arginine: 40-400 mg, Alanine: 50-300 mg, Aspartic acid: 100-600 mg, Glutamic acid: 100-1200 mg, Glycine: 30-300 mg, Proline: 40-400 mg, Serine: 30-300 mg. A method for raising livestock, comprising feeding 1.56 to 2.25 g of a fermented plant composition for livestock feed, which contains a fermented composition as a main ingredient and increases specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines, to the livestock per kg of meat production.

2. A method for raising livestock as described in claim 1, which involves not administering antibiotics or reducing the amount of antibiotics used by feeding livestock a plant fermentation composition for feed (for livestock) which has the fermentation composition as a main ingredient and increases specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines.

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