Hybrid Vehicles

Abstract

This hybrid vehicle (1) comprises: an engine (2) and a motor (3) that are capable of operating independently from each other; a battery (5) that stores power for operating the engine (2) and the motor (3); and a control device (10) that controls operation states of the engine (2) and the motor (3). The control device (10) performs output suppression control to gradually reduce battery output of the battery (5) if the battery voltage of the battery (5) drops to a threshold value that is higher than a lower limit voltage. Due to this configuration, the continuous use time of the motor (3) is extended, and a travel feeling is improved.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a hybrid vehicle equipped with an engine and a motor. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, in a hybrid vehicle equipped with an engine and a motor, one of a plurality of driving modes is selected according to the driving state, and the operating state of the engine and the motor is controlled according to the driving mode. Examples of the driving modes include an EV driving mode in which the vehicle runs only with the driving force of the motor, and a hybrid driving mode in which the vehicle runs using both the engine and the motor. The hybrid driving modes include a parallel driving mode in which the driving force of the engine and the motor is transmitted to the driving wheels, and a series driving mode in which the driving force of the motor is transmitted to the driving wheels while the generator is generated by the driving force of the engine (for example, see Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2018-100013 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the technology described in Patent Document 1, as a condition for switching the driving mode from the EV driving mode to the hybrid driving mode, it is determined whether the battery voltage has dropped to a lower limit voltage. By such control, for example, when the battery power is low, the engine can be started to suppress the consumption of the battery power or the battery power can be charged. On the other hand, when the battery voltage drops, the battery upper limit output drops and the driving torque of the vehicle drops, so that the driving feeling is deteriorated. Such a deterioration in the driving feeling can occur regardless of whether the engine is started or not.

[0005] One of the objectives of the present invention, which was devised in light of the above-mentioned problems, is to provide a hybrid vehicle that can improve the driving feeling. However, in addition to this objective, another objective of the present invention is to achieve an effect derived from each configuration shown in the "Description of the Preferred Embodiments" described later, which cannot be obtained by the conventional technology. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The disclosed hybrid vehicle can be realized as the following disclosed aspects or application examples, and solves at least some of the above problems. The disclosed hybrid vehicle includes an engine and a motor that can operate independently of each other, a battery that stores electric power for operating the engine and the motor, and a control device that controls the operating states of the engine and the motor. When the battery voltage of the battery drops to a threshold value higher than a lower limit voltage, the control device implements output suppression control to gradually reduce the battery output of the battery. Effect of the Invention

[0007] According to the disclosed hybrid vehicle, when the battery voltage drops to a threshold value, output suppression control is implemented to gradually reduce the battery output, thereby extending the continuous use time of the motor (the time until the battery voltage reaches a lower limit voltage), thereby improving the driving feeling of the vehicle. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a hybrid vehicle. [Diagram 2] 4(A) and (B) are example maps relating to threshold setting. [Diagram 3] 4 is an example of a flowchart of output suppression control. [Figure 4] 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a driving mode setting and output suppression control. [Diagram 5](A) to (F) are time charts for explaining the control action. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] The disclosed hybrid vehicle may be implemented according to the following examples. EXAMPLES

[0010] [1. Equipment configuration] 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a hybrid vehicle 1 according to an embodiment. This hybrid vehicle 1 (also simply referred to as vehicle 1) is a hybrid vehicle (HEV, Hybrid Electric Vehicle) or a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) equipped with an engine 2 and a motor 3 as drive sources, a generator 4 as a power generation device, and a battery 5 as a power storage device. A plug-in hybrid vehicle refers to a hybrid vehicle in which the battery 5 can be externally charged or externally supplied with power from the battery 5. A plug-in hybrid vehicle is provided with a charging port (inlet) for inserting a charging cable through which power is supplied from an external charging facility, and a receptacle (outlet) for external power supply.

[0011] The engine 2 is an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine. A generator 4 is coupled to the drive shaft of the engine 2. The generator 4 is a generator (electric motor / generator) that combines a function of driving the engine 2 with power from a battery 5 and a function of generating electricity using the driving force of the engine 2. The generated electricity of the generator 4 is used to drive the motor 3 and charge the battery 5. A speed change mechanism (not shown) may be provided on the power transmission path connecting the engine 2 and the generator 4.

[0012] The motor 3 is an electric motor (electric motor / generator) that has both the function of propelling the vehicle 1 using power from the battery 5 and the power generated by the generator 4, and the function of charging the battery 5 with power generated by regeneration. The battery 5 is, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium-ion secondary battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery. The drive shaft of the motor 3 is connected to the drive wheels of the vehicle 1. A speed change mechanism (not shown) may be provided on the power transmission path connecting the motor 3 and the drive wheels.

[0013] A clutch 6 is interposed on the power transmission path connecting the engine 2 and the motor 3. The engine 2 is connected to the drive wheels via the clutch 6, and the motor 3 is disposed closer to the drive wheels than the clutch 6. The generator 4 is connected to the engine 2 side than the clutch 6. When the clutch 6 is disengaged (released), the engine 2 and the generator 4 are disconnected from the drive wheels, and the motor 3 is connected to the drive wheels. Therefore, for example, by operating only the motor 3, an "EV driving mode (motor only driving mode)" is realized. In addition to this, by operating the engine 2 and causing the generator 4 to generate electricity, a "series driving mode" is realized.

[0014] On the other hand, when the clutch 6 is connected (fastened), the engine 2, motor 3, and generator 4 are all connected to the drive wheels. Therefore, for example, by operating only the engine 2, an "engine driving mode (engine only driving mode)" is realized. In addition to this, by driving the motor 3 and the generator 4, a "parallel driving mode" is realized. The above-mentioned series driving mode and parallel driving mode are both sub-modes included in the "hybrid driving mode", and at least one of them can be implemented. One of the above driving modes is selected by the control device 10, which will be described later, depending on the driving state of the vehicle 1.

[0015] The vehicle 1 is provided with an EV priority mode switch 7. The EV priority mode switch 7 is a switch for changing the conditions for switching the driving mode from the EV driving mode to the hybrid driving mode (series driving mode or parallel driving mode), and is operated by the driver. Information on the operating position of the EV priority mode switch 7 is transmitted to the control device 10. In this embodiment, when the EV priority mode switch 7 is operated to the ON position, the control state of the driving mode is set to "EV priority mode", and when the EV priority mode switch 7 is operated to the OFF position, the state of the vehicle 1 is set to "normal mode".

[0016] The EV priority mode is a mode in which the EV driving mode is given priority over the hybrid driving mode, compared to the normal mode. In other words, the EV priority mode is a mode in which it is more difficult to start the engine 2, compared to the normal mode. Therefore, when focusing on the conditions (engine start conditions) for starting the engine 2 when the motor 3 is operating and the engine 2 is not operating, the engine start conditions in the EV priority mode are stricter than the engine start conditions in the normal mode. On the other hand, the normal mode is a mode in which the EV driving mode is not given priority, compared to the EV priority mode. In other words, the normal mode is a mode in which it is easier to start the engine 2, compared to the EV priority mode. Therefore, the engine start conditions in the normal mode are looser (less stringent judgment) than the engine start conditions in the EV priority mode.

[0017] [2. Control configuration] The operating states of the engine 2, motor 3, generator 4, battery 5, and clutch 6 are controlled by a control device 10. The control device 10 is a computer (electronic control device, ECU, Electronic Control Unit) for selecting one of a plurality of driving modes according to the driving state of the vehicle 1 and implementing control according to the selected driving mode. The control device 10 incorporates a processor (arithmetic processing device) and a memory (storage device). The contents of the control implemented by the control device 10 (control program) are stored in the memory, and are executed by appropriately loading the contents into the processor.

[0018] The control device 10 includes a battery control unit 11, a driving control unit 12, a motor control unit 13, and an engine control unit 14. These elements are shown by conveniently classifying the functions of the control device 10, and can be realized by software (programs) or hardware (electronic control circuits). These elements may be integrated into one piece of software or hardware, or may be distributed across multiple pieces of software and hardware.

[0019] For example, the battery control unit 11 may be built in a battery ECU (BMU, Battery Management Unit) for managing the battery 5. Also, the driving control unit 12 may be built in a vehicle ECU (driving control ECU such as an HEV-ECU or a PHEV-ECU) for managing the powertrain of the vehicle 1. Also, the motor control unit 13 may be built in a motor ECU (MCU, Motor Control Unit) for managing the motor 3. Also, the engine control unit 14 may be built in an engine ECU for managing the engine 2.

[0020] The battery control unit 11 manages the operating state of the battery 5 and calculates various parameters representing the operating state of the battery 5. The battery control unit 11 calculates the charging rate (SOC, State of Charge), the state of health (SOH, State of Health), the output state (SOP, State of Power), and the like based on information such as the voltage, current, internal resistance, and battery temperature of the battery 5. Information on the voltage, current, and battery temperature of the battery 5 is detected by a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor (not shown). The value of the internal resistance is calculated based on the voltage, current, and battery temperature of the battery 5.

[0021] The battery control unit 11 calculates the "battery output" of the battery 5 and its upper limit (maximum value) "upper limit output" as the output state. The battery output means the power [kW] actually drawn from the battery 5 to drive the motor 3 and various electrical components. The value of the battery output is calculated based on the current and voltage discharged from the battery 5. The upper limit output means the power [kW] equivalent to the rated output of the battery 5, and means the upper limit of the battery output that can be drawn from the battery 5 at that time and used. The value of the upper limit output is set according to the operating state of the battery 5 (charging rate, health, voltage, current, internal resistance, battery temperature, etc.) and the driving state of the vehicle 1 (driving mode, vehicle speed, outside air temperature, accelerator opening, brake opening, etc.). The value of the upper limit output in the EV priority mode is set higher than the value of the upper limit output in the normal mode. Here, if the value of the upper limit output in the EV priority mode is set as the "first upper limit value" and the value of the upper limit output in the normal mode is set as the "second upper limit value", then "first upper limit value>second upper limit value" is established.

[0022] Furthermore, the battery control unit 11 performs output suppression control when the battery voltage of the battery 5 drops to a threshold value. The output suppression control is a control for conserving the power of the battery 5 by deliberately reducing the motor output for driving the vehicle 1. The output suppression control is performed when the battery voltage of the battery 5 drops to a threshold value. The threshold value included in the start condition of the output suppression control may be a fixed value set in advance, or may be a variable value set according to the operating state of the battery 5 and the running state of the vehicle 1.

[0023] The battery control unit 11 of this embodiment can set the threshold value based on the state of charge (SOC) of the battery 5, the battery temperature, the internal resistance, a driver request torque (torque corresponding to the driving force requested by the driver to the vehicle 1) described later, and the like. For example, the lower the state of charge or the battery temperature of the battery 5, the faster the rate at which the battery voltage decreases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2(A), the lower the state of charge or the battery temperature of the battery 5, the higher the threshold value may be set. Also, the higher the internal resistance of the battery 5 or the driver request torque, the faster the rate at which the battery voltage decreases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2(B), the higher the internal resistance of the battery 5 or the driver request torque, the higher the threshold value may be set.

[0024] The threshold value is set to a value at least higher than the lower limit voltage of the battery 5. The lower limit voltage of the battery 5 is a voltage that is set in advance to provide a margin of control for the operation of the battery 5, and is a voltage that is slightly higher than the minimum voltage at which the battery 5 can be used appropriately (the limit value of the battery 5). Unless there are special circumstances, the battery 5 is controlled so that the cell voltage does not fall below the lower limit voltage.

[0025] In the output suppression control, the battery 5 is controlled so that the battery output gradually decreases. The battery output can be decreased, for example, by decreasing the current output from the battery 5. The battery output can also be decreased by decreasing the electrical load acting on the battery 5. For example, decreasing the motor output decreases the battery output. Therefore, the battery output can be adjusted by controlling the operating state of the battery 5 and the motor 3. In this sense, it is also possible to have the motor control unit 13 carry out the output suppression control instead of the battery control unit 11.

[0026] Furthermore, when the output suppression control is performed in a situation where the EV priority mode is selected and the battery output is equal to or greater than the second upper limit, the battery 5 is controlled so that the battery output decreases and approaches the second upper limit. At this time, the battery output approaches the second upper limit while moving away from the first upper limit. By decreasing the battery output, the rate at which the battery voltage decreases slows (reduced), and the time until the battery voltage reaches the lower limit voltage is extended. Such output suppression control continues until the engine start condition is satisfied, and ends when the engine start condition is satisfied. Note that when the battery output decreases to the second upper limit, the engine 2 may be started to end the output suppression control.

[0027] The driving control unit 12 manages the driving state of the vehicle 1 and calculates various parameters that represent the driving state of the vehicle 1. The driving control unit 12 calculates a driver requested torque based on information such as an accelerator opening, a brake opening, and a vehicle speed. The driving control unit 12 also selects and sets one driving mode from among a plurality of driving modes according to the calculated driver requested torque, the operating state of the battery 5 (charging rate, soundness, voltage, current, internal resistance, battery temperature, etc.), and the driving state of the vehicle 1 (vehicle speed, outside air temperature, accelerator opening, brake opening, etc.). Information on the accelerator opening and brake opening is detected by an accelerator pedal sensor, a brake pedal sensor, and a brake fluid pressure sensor (not shown). Information on the vehicle speed and outside air temperature is detected by a vehicle speed sensor and an outside air temperature sensor (not shown).

[0028] In this embodiment, the driving control unit 12 determines whether or not to change the driving mode to the hybrid driving mode by determining the conditions (engine start conditions) for starting the engine 2 in the EV driving mode (when the motor 3 is operating and the engine 2 is not operating). The engine start conditions determined here are different between the EV priority mode and the normal mode, and the engine start conditions are set stricter in the EV priority mode (making it more difficult to change to the hybrid driving mode) than in the normal mode.

[0029] The engine start conditions in EV priority mode are shown below as examples. Condition A. Battery output reaches the first upper limit. Condition B. The driver requested torque is equal to or greater than the first torque. Condition C. The vehicle speed is greater than or equal to the first speed. Condition D: The accelerator opening is equal to or greater than a first predetermined opening. Condition E: The charging rate of the battery 5 is equal to or lower than a first predetermined charging rate. Condition F: The battery voltage of the battery 5 is equal to or lower than the lower limit voltage.

[0030] The engine starting conditions in normal mode are shown below. Condition G: Battery output reaches the second upper limit. Condition H. The driver requested torque is equal to or greater than the second torque. Condition I. The vehicle speed is greater than or equal to the second speed. Condition J: The accelerator opening is equal to or greater than a second predetermined opening. Condition K: The charging rate of the battery 5 is equal to or lower than a second predetermined charging rate. Condition L: The battery voltage of the battery 5 is equal to or lower than the lower limit voltage.

[0031] Condition G is preferably set together with condition A. Similarly, condition H is preferably set together with condition B, and condition I is preferably set together with condition C. Condition J is preferably set together with condition D, condition K is preferably set together with condition E, and condition L is preferably set together with condition F. In any case, in EV priority mode, it is generally more difficult for the engine start conditions to be met compared to normal mode.

[0032] Regarding the values ​​included in conditions A to L, preferable magnitude relationships are shown below as examples. Second upper limit value≦First upper limit value (more preferably, second upper limit value<first upper limit value) Second torque ≦ first torque (more preferably, second torque < first torque) Second vehicle speed ≦ First vehicle speed (more preferably, second vehicle speed < First vehicle speed) Second predetermined opening degree≦first predetermined opening degree (more preferably, second predetermined opening degree<first predetermined opening degree) ·First predetermined charging rate ≦ second predetermined charging rate (More preferably, the first predetermined charging rate is smaller than the second predetermined charging rate.)

[0033] The motor control unit 13 manages the operating state of the motor 3. Here, the operating state of the motor 3 is controlled so that a motor output corresponding to the driving mode set by the driving control unit 12 is obtained. The operating state of the motor 3 can be controlled by adjusting the operation of an inverter (not shown) interposed on a high-voltage circuit between the battery 5 and the motor 3. For example, in the EV driving mode or the series driving mode, the inverter is controlled so that a motor torque equivalent to the driver's requested torque is generated within the allowable range of the battery output. Also, in the parallel driving mode, the inverter is controlled so that the sum of the engine torque and the motor torque becomes a value equivalent to the driver's requested torque. The driving torque of the vehicle 1 in the EV driving mode has a magnitude equivalent to the output torque of the motor 3.

[0034] The engine control unit 14 manages the operating state of the engine 2. Here, the operating states of the engine 2 and auxiliary machinery (not shown) are controlled so as to obtain an engine output according to the driving mode set by the driving control unit 12. When the driving force of the engine 2 is used to generate electricity with the generator 4, the engine control unit 14 may be configured to control both the engine 2 and the generator 4.

[0035] The operating state of the engine 2 can be controlled by adjusting the operation of a fuel injection valve, a throttle valve, a starter motor, a generator 4, etc. (not shown). For example, in the engine driving mode, the fuel injection valve, the throttle valve, etc. are controlled so that an engine torque equivalent to the driver requested torque is generated. The drive torque of the vehicle 1 in the engine driving mode has a magnitude equivalent to the output torque of the engine 2.

[0036] In the parallel driving mode, the fuel injection valve, the throttle valve, etc. are controlled so that the sum of the engine torque and the motor torque becomes equal to the torque required by the driver. The driving torque of the vehicle 1 in the parallel driving mode corresponds to the sum of the output torque of the engine 2 and the output torque of the motor 3. On the other hand, in the series driving mode, the fuel injection valve, the throttle valve, etc. are controlled so that the engine 2 continues to operate in an efficient operating range, and the operating state of the generator 4 (an inverter, not shown, interposed in the high-voltage circuit between the battery 5 and the generator 4) is controlled. The driving torque of the vehicle 1 in the series driving mode corresponds to the output torque of the motor 3.

[0037] [3. Flowchart] 3 is an example of a flowchart of the control relating to the output suppression control. The control shown in this flowchart is repeatedly executed in a predetermined cycle inside the control device 10 in a situation where at least the motor 3 is operating (for example, in the EV driving mode or the hybrid driving mode). The control shown in this flowchart can be implemented in any hybrid vehicle 1 that has a driving mode in which at least the motor 3 is operating, regardless of whether the EV priority mode switch 7 (EV priority mode, normal mode) is present.

[0038] In step A1, the battery control unit 11 sets a threshold value included in the start condition of the output suppression control. The threshold value is set to a value at least higher than the lower limit voltage of the battery 5. In the following step A2, it is determined whether the cell voltage of the battery 5 is equal to or lower than the threshold value. If this condition is met, the control proceeds to step A3, where the output suppression control is performed. On the other hand, if the condition of step A2 is not met, the control in this cycle is terminated.

[0039] In the output suppression control, the battery 5 is controlled so that the battery output gradually decreases before the battery voltage of the battery 5 decreases to the lower limit voltage. This reduces the rate at which the battery voltage decreases, and extends the time until the battery voltage reaches the lower limit voltage. In other words, the continuous use time of the motor 3 becomes longer, in other words, the distance that can be traveled without starting the engine 2 becomes longer. Therefore, the driving feeling of the vehicle 1 is improved.

[0040] Fig. 4 is an example of a flowchart of control relating to setting of a driving mode and output suppression control. The control shown in this flowchart is repeatedly executed in the control device 10 at a predetermined cycle in a situation where at least the motor 3 is operating and the engine 2 is stopped (for example, in EV driving mode). In the control of this flowchart, the starting conditions of the engine 2 in EV priority mode are relaxed compared to normal mode. Steps B3 to B5 in Fig. 4 correspond to steps A1 to A3 in Fig. 3. The control shown in this flowchart can be implemented in a hybrid vehicle 1 that has an EV driving mode and a hybrid driving mode and has an EV priority mode switch 7 (EV priority mode, normal mode).

[0041] In step B1, a first upper limit value and a second upper limit value are calculated based on the operating state of the battery 5 and the driving state of the vehicle 1. The first upper limit value is the value of the upper limit output in the EV priority mode, and the second upper limit value is the value of the upper limit output in the normal mode. In the following step B2, it is determined whether or not the driving mode control state is the EV priority mode based on the operation position of the EV priority mode switch 7. If it is the EV priority mode, the process proceeds to step B3, and if it is not the EV priority mode (if it is the normal mode), the process proceeds to step B10. In the former route, the first upper limit value is used as the upper limit output of the battery 5, and in the latter route, the second upper limit value is used as the upper limit output of the battery 5.

[0042] If the process proceeds to step B3 (EV priority mode), the battery control unit 11 sets a threshold value included in the start condition for output suppression control. The threshold value is set to a value higher than the lower limit voltage of the battery 5. In the following step B4, it is determined whether the cell voltage of the battery 5 is equal to or lower than the threshold value. If this condition is met, the control proceeds to step B5, and if not, the control proceeds to step B9.

[0043] In step B5, output suppression control is implemented, and the battery 5 is controlled so that the battery output gradually decreases. In the following step B6, it is determined whether the battery output has decreased to the second upper limit. If this condition is not met, the control returns to step B5, and the output suppression control is continued until the battery output reaches the second upper limit. On the other hand, if the battery output has decreased to the second upper limit, the control proceeds to step B7.

[0044] In step B7, the EV priority mode is released, and the operation position of the EV priority mode switch 7 is automatically changed to the OFF position. In addition, the engine control unit 14 starts the engine 2. After that, in step B8, the driving mode is switched from the EV driving mode to the hybrid driving mode (series driving mode or parallel driving mode), and the control in this cycle ends. When the series driving mode of the hybrid driving mode is implemented, control is implemented to cause the generator 4 to generate electricity using the driving force of the engine 2, and control is implemented to drive using the driving force of the motor 3. When the parallel driving mode of the hybrid driving mode is implemented, control is implemented to drive using the driving forces of the engine 2 and the motor 3. The operating state of the motor 3 is controlled by the motor control unit 13. The operating states of the engine 2 and the generator 4 are controlled by the engine control unit 14.

[0045] When the process proceeds from step B4 to step B9, it is determined whether or not the engine start condition in the EV priority mode is satisfied. For example, it is determined whether or not any of the above conditions A to F is satisfied. When the engine start condition in the EV priority mode is satisfied, the control proceeds to step B11, the engine 2 is driven by the engine control unit 14, and the driving mode is switched from the EV driving mode to the hybrid driving mode (series driving mode or parallel driving mode), and the control in this cycle ends. On the other hand, when the condition in step B9 is not satisfied, the control proceeds to step B12, the EV driving mode is maintained, and the control in this cycle ends.

[0046] When the process proceeds from step B2 to step B10, it is determined whether or not the engine start condition in normal mode is satisfied. For example, it is determined whether or not any of the above conditions G to L is satisfied. If the engine start condition in normal mode is satisfied, the control proceeds to step B11, the driving mode is switched from the EV driving mode to the hybrid driving mode (series driving mode or parallel driving mode), and the control in this cycle ends. On the other hand, if the condition in step B10 is not satisfied, the control proceeds to step B12, the EV driving mode is maintained, and the control in this cycle ends.

[0047] [4. Time chart] 5(A)-(F) are time charts for explaining the control action when output suppression control is performed in EV priority mode. (A) shows the change over time in the operation position of the EV priority mode switch 7, (B) shows the change over time in the accelerator opening, and (C) shows the change over time in the drive torque of the vehicle 1. In addition, (D) shows the change over time in the battery output, (E) shows the change over time in the battery voltage, and (F) shows the change over time in the engine output.

[0048] As shown by the solid line in Fig. 5(A), the operation position of the EV priority mode switch 7 before time t0 is the on position, and the EV priority mode is set. Also, as shown by the solid line in Fig. 5(F), the engine output before time t0 is 0 (engine 2 is not operating), and the driving mode is the EV driving mode. As shown by the solid line in Fig. 5(B), it is assumed that the driver increases the accelerator opening at time t0, and maintains the accelerator opening at that time at time t1.

[0049] As the accelerator opening increases, the output torque of the motor 3 increases, and the drive torque of the vehicle 1 increases, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 5(C). In addition, the battery output of the battery 5 increases, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 5(D). The battery output increases between time t0 and time t1, and is maintained at a value according to the accelerator opening after time t1. The battery output at this time exceeds the second upper limit. On the other hand, the battery voltage decreases significantly between time t0 and time t1, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 5(E), and gradually decreases after time t1.

[0050] When the battery voltage drops to the threshold value at time t2, output reduction control is implemented. As shown by the solid line in FIG. 5(D), the battery output gradually drops, moving away from the first upper limit value and approaching the second upper limit value. At this time, the drive torque of the vehicle 1 decreases slightly after time t2, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 5(C). Thereafter, when the battery output drops to the second upper limit value at time t3, the output reduction control ends and control to start the engine 2 is implemented. At this time, the operation position of the EV priority mode switch 7 is automatically changed to the OFF position, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 5(A).

[0051] Although the engine output temporarily becomes a negative value immediately after time t3, it increases as the rotation state of the engine 2 stabilizes. Time t5 is the time when the engine output becomes nearly 0, and time t6 is the time when the engine output reaches a predetermined output. After time t6, the predetermined output is maintained and the operating state of the engine 2 stabilizes. This also stabilizes the power generation state of the generator 4.

[0052] As shown by the solid line in Fig. 5(E), the battery voltage gradually decreases at a gentle gradient from time t2 to time t5. It then increases from time t5 to time t6 when the engine output becomes positive, and then gradually decreases at a gentle gradient from time t6 onwards. Also, as shown by the solid line in Fig. 5(D), the battery output is maintained at a substantially constant value from time t3 to time t5, decreases from time t5 to time t6, and becomes a substantially constant value from time t6 onwards.

[0053] As shown by the solid line in FIG. 5(C), the drive torque decreases from time t2 to time t3, but remains constant from time t3 to time t5, just like the battery output. Furthermore, the battery voltage rises from time t5 to time t6, so the drive torque also rises. The drive torque thereafter remains almost constant from time t6 onwards. In this way, by implementing the output suppression control, the drive torque (motor output) of the vehicle 1 is slightly weakened before the battery voltage reaches the lower limit voltage, and the power of the battery 5 is conserved. This prevents a sudden drop in the drive torque of the vehicle 1 from time t3 onwards when the engine 2 is started, improving the driving feeling.

[0054] The dashed lines in Fig. 5(A) to (F) are graphs as a comparative example, and show the control action when the output suppression control is not performed. When the output suppression control is not performed, the high state of the battery output is maintained even after time t2, as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 5(D). As a result, as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 5(E), the battery voltage continues to decrease even after time t2, and reaches the lower limit voltage at time t4. At this time, as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 5(D), the upper limit value (first upper limit value) of the battery 5 may be significantly limited. In this case, as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 5(D), the battery output decreases at time t4 and gradually decreases after time t4. Therefore, as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 5(C), it can be seen that the driving torque decreases after time t4, and a good driving feeling cannot be obtained.

[0055] [5. Effects] (1) The hybrid vehicle 1 of this embodiment includes an engine 2 and a motor 3 that can operate independently of each other, a battery 5 that stores power for operating the engine 2 and the motor 3, and a control device 10 that controls the operating states of the engine 2 and the motor 3. When the battery voltage of the battery 5 drops to a threshold value higher than the lower limit voltage, the control device 10 implements output suppression control that gradually reduces the battery output. This control can extend the time until the battery voltage of the battery 5 reaches the lower limit voltage, and can extend the continuous use time of the motor 3. This can improve the driving feeling of the vehicle 1.

[0056] (2) The hybrid vehicle 1 described above can have an EV priority mode and a normal mode. In the EV priority mode, the conditions for starting the engine 2 when the motor 3 is operating and the engine 2 is not operating are set stricter than in the normal mode. In other words, in the normal mode, the engine start conditions are set looser than in the EV priority mode. Furthermore, when performing output suppression control in the EV priority mode, the control device 10 can execute control to move the battery output away from the first upper limit value and toward the second upper limit value.

[0057] The first upper limit is the upper limit of the battery output in the EV priority mode, and the second upper limit is the upper limit of the battery output in the normal mode. In this way, by lowering the battery output, which can be close to the first upper limit, to the second upper limit, it is possible to ensure sufficient margin of battery output. This makes it possible to extend the continuous use time of the motor 3, and further improve the driving feeling of the vehicle 1.

[0058] (3) When the battery output falls to the second upper limit during the above-described output suppression control, the engine 2 may be started and the output suppression control may be terminated. This type of control allows the engine 2 to be started while ensuring sufficient margin of battery output. This makes it possible to suppress a sudden decrease or fluctuation in the drive torque before and after the start of the engine 2, and further improves the driving feeling of the vehicle 1.

[0059] (4) As for the setting of the threshold, as shown in FIG. 2(A), the lower the charging rate or the battery temperature of the battery 5, the higher the threshold may be set. In this way, by setting the threshold higher under circumstances where the rate of decrease in the battery voltage is likely to be high, the conditions for starting the output reduction control can be relaxed, and the timing at which the output reduction control is started can be advanced. This can further extend the time until the battery voltage of the battery 5 reaches the lower limit voltage. In addition, the battery output margin secured by the output reduction control can be increased. Therefore, the driving feeling of the vehicle 1 can be further improved.

[0060] (5) Similarly, as shown in Fig. 2(B), the threshold value may be set to a higher value as the internal resistance of the battery 5 or the torque required by the driver increases. The rate at which the battery voltage decreases increases as the internal resistance of the battery 5 increases or the torque required by the driver increases. By setting the threshold value higher under such circumstances, it is possible to ensure a sufficient time for implementing the output suppression control and a sufficient margin of battery output, and the driving feeling of the vehicle 1 can be further improved.

[0061] [6.Other] The above embodiment is merely an example, and there is no intention to exclude various modifications and application of techniques not specified in the embodiment. Each configuration of the embodiment can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of the embodiment. In addition, each configuration of the embodiment can be selected as necessary, or can be appropriately combined. For example, the vehicle 1 is provided with an EV priority mode switch 7, but the EV priority mode switch 7 can be omitted, and the EV priority mode and the normal mode may be automatically set according to known conditions. In addition, the EV priority mode and the normal mode themselves may be omitted. That is, the conditions for switching the driving mode from the EV driving mode to the hybrid driving mode may be fixed. At least, by performing the output suppression control when the battery voltage of the battery 5 drops to a threshold value, the same action and effect as the above embodiment can be obtained. [Industrial Applicability]

[0062] The present invention is applicable to the hybrid vehicle manufacturing industry, and also to the hybrid vehicle control device manufacturing industry. [Explanation of symbols]

[0063] 1 vehicle (hybrid vehicle) 2 Engine 3 Motor 4. Generator 5 Battery 6. Clutch 7 EV priority mode switch 10 Control device 11 Battery control unit 12 Driving control unit 13 Motor control unit 14 Engine control unit

Claims

1. an engine and a motor that can operate independently of each other; a battery that stores power for operating the engine and the motor; a control device for controlling an operating state of the engine and the motor, the control device performs output suppression control to gradually reduce a battery output of the battery when a battery voltage of the battery drops to a threshold value higher than a lower limit voltage; an EV priority mode in which a condition for starting the engine when the motor is operating and the engine is not operating is set to be strict, and a normal mode in which the condition is set to be looser than that in the EV priority mode; When performing the output suppression control in the EV priority mode, the control device causes the battery output to approach a second upper limit value while moving away from a first upper limit value, and the first upper limit value is an upper limit value of the battery output in the EV priority mode, The second upper limit value is an upper limit value of the battery output in the normal mode. A hybrid vehicle characterized by:

2. (delete)

3. When the battery output falls to the second upper limit value during the output suppression control in the EV priority mode, the control device starts the engine and ends the output suppression control.

2. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 .

4. The threshold value is set to a higher value as the charging rate or the battery temperature of the battery is lower.

4. A hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 or 3.

5. The threshold value is set to a higher value as the internal resistance of the battery or the torque required by the driver increases.

4. A hybrid vehicle according to claim 1 or 3.

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