Method for constructing structure and formwork structure

Abstract

To provide a structure construction method which facilitates construction.SOLUTION: A structure 1 is constructed by a step of installing an anchorage jig 5 for fixing one end of a separator 8 to a side of an excavation part 100 of a waterproof layer 4 of a mountain retention wall 2, and a step of installing the concrete C on the side of the mountain retention wall 2 of an inner form 9, and filling the side with the concrete C, in the state where one end of the separator 8 is fixed by the anchorage jig 5 and the other end of the separator 8 is mounted on the inner form 9 positioned in the excavation part 100. The anchorage jig 5 is fixed to the outer shell part provided on the surface on the side of the excavation part 100 of the waterproof layer 4, and the outer shell part is formed by coating mortar 7.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for constructing a structure and a formwork structure used therefor. [Background technology]

[0002] In underground excavation work, waterproofing measures are implemented to protect the underground structure from groundwater leaking from the earth retaining wall. One waterproofing measure is to install a waterproof layer such as a waterproof sheet on the earth retaining wall, and then use the earth retaining wall as the outer formwork to construct the underground structure, which is called pre-applied waterproofing.

[0003] In Patent Documents 1 and 2, a retaining wall with a waterproof layer is used as an outer formwork to pour concrete for an underground structure. At this time, the inner formwork on the opposite side of the retaining wall is supported by a separator to prevent deformation due to the pouring pressure of the concrete. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-229413 [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 3642997 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Since one end of the separator is fixed to the retaining wall, it is necessary to modify the existing structure, such as by drilling holes in the waterproof sheet or the like that is installed as a waterproof layer, which makes the construction process time-consuming. Furthermore, it is necessary to prevent water from leaking from the holes using special jigs and fillers, and the measures to prevent water leakage are also time-consuming. Furthermore, if the measures are insufficient, the waterproofing properties of the waterproof sheet or the like will be impaired.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and has an object to provide a method for constructing a structure that is easy to carry out. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A first invention for solving the above-mentioned problems includes a step of installing a fixing part for fixing one end of a bar on a side of a target structure, and a step of filling a filler on the target structure side of the inner form in a state in which one end of the bar is fixed by the fixing part and the other end of the bar is attached to an inner form located in a space on the side of the target structure, wherein the fixing part is fixed to an outer shell part provided on the surface of the target structure facing the space. The outer shell is a precast concrete plate. The present invention relates to a method for constructing a structure, the method being characterized in that A second invention is a method for constructing a structure, comprising the steps of: installing a fixing part for fixing one end of a bar on the side of a target structure; and filling the target structure side of the inner formwork with filling material while one end of the bar is fixed by the fixing part and the other end of the bar is attached to an inner formwork located in the space to the side of the target structure, wherein the fixing part is fixed to an outer shell part provided on the surface of the target structure facing the space, the outer shell part is formed by applying a hardening material, the fixing part has a tubular member for inserting the one end of the bar, the tip of the tubular member is closed by a cap when the hardening material is applied, and the axial length of the tubular member of the cap is determined so that when the tip of the tubular member is closed by the cap, the end of the cap on the target structure side is at a designed position on the surface of the hardening material.

[0008] In this invention, by installing an anchoring part on the side of a target structure such as an earth retaining wall, fixing one end of a bar by this anchoring part, and attaching the other end of the bar to the inner formwork, it is possible to prevent deformation of the inner formwork due to the filling pressure of the filler that fills the space on the target structure side of the inner formwork. In this invention, no changes are made to the target structure, and the bar is attached to an anchoring part fixed to the outer shell part on the side of the target structure, so construction is easier than with conventional construction methods, and even if a waterproof layer is formed on the target structure, the waterproofing of the target structure is not impaired.

[0009] It is desirable that the target structure be a retaining wall having a waterproof layer formed on the surface facing the space. The target structure is, for example, an earth retaining wall that has been pre-waterproofed. By using the construction method of the present invention, there is no need to drill holes in the waterproof layer of the earth retaining wall, and the waterproofing of the waterproof layer can be reliably maintained.

[0010] In the second invention, Outer shell of By forming the shell by applying a hardening agent, workability is greatly improved and the construction of the shell is easy. Furthermore, by using the above-mentioned cap, the hardening agent can be prevented from entering the fixing portion, and the cap can be used to control the thickness of the applied hardening agent.

[0011] It is desirable to attach and position the fixing portion to a guide provided on the side of the target structure. This allows the fixing unit to be installed with high precision.

[0012] The rods are usually temporary materials called separators, but they can also be used as shear reinforcement bars to be provided in the structure. This allows the permanent shear reinforcement to be used in place of a separator, eliminating the need for separator installation work.

[0013] No. 3 The present invention relates to a formwork structure for constructing a structure on the side of a target structure, in which one end of a bar is fixed by a fixing part installed on the side of the target structure, and the other end of the bar is attached to an inner formwork located in a space on the side of the target structure, and the fixing part is fixed to an outer shell part provided on the surface of the target structure facing the space. The shell is a precast concrete plate. This is a formwork structure characterized by the above. No. 3 The present invention is a formwork structure used in the method for constructing a structure of the first invention. Effect of the Invention

[0014] The present invention can provide a method for constructing a structure that is easy to install. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] A diagram showing how structure 1 is constructed. [Diagram 2] FIG. [Diagram 3] A diagram showing guide 6. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the length of a cap 53. [Diagram 5] An example of attaching a fixing jig 5 to a waterproof layer 4. [Figure 6] A diagram showing a precast concrete slab 7a. [Figure 7]A diagram showing a method of constructing the structure 1a. [Figure 8] A diagram showing shear reinforcement 21 and fixing jig 22. [Figure 9] A diagram showing a formwork structure using shear reinforcement bars 21 and fixing jigs 22. [Figure 10] A diagram showing a method for constructing structure 1b. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0016] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0017] [First embodiment] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing each step of a method for constructing a structure (underground structure) 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In this embodiment, in underground excavation work, first, an earth retaining wall 2 is formed in the ground as shown in Fig. 1(a) and the ground on its side is excavated, and then a waterproof layer 4 is formed on the surface of the earth retaining wall 2 facing the excavation section 100 to perform pre-waterproofing. The excavation section 100 is a space formed on the side of the earth retaining wall 2 by excavating the ground, and the earth retaining wall 2 with the waterproof layer 4 formed thereon constitutes the target structure according to the present invention.

[0019] The waterproof layer 4 can be formed, for example, by attaching a waterproof sheet or applying a waterproofing agent, but is not limited to this. In addition, the reference numeral 3 in the figure denotes a bottom slab made of reinforced concrete formed on the bottom surface of the excavation section 100.

[0020] 1(b), a fixing jig 5 is installed on the excavation portion 100 side of the waterproof layer 4. The fixing jig 5 is a fixing part used to fix the end of the separator 8, and is attached to a guide 6 provided on the excavation portion 100 side of the waterproof layer 4 so that it is installed accurately in a predetermined position.

[0021] Next, as shown in Fig. 1(c), mortar 7, which is a hardening material, is sprayed and applied to the surface of the waterproof layer 4 on the side of the excavation part 100. Thereby, the outer shell part of the structure 1 is provided on the side of the excavation part 100 of the waterproof layer 4. The fixing jig 5 is embedded and fixed together with the guide 6 in the mortar 7 of the outer shell part. Note that it is also possible to use a cement-based material other than mortar 7 as the hardening material, and it is also possible to add a known hardening accelerator to accelerate hardening. Further, high-performance materials such as high-strength mortar and ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete can be used as the hardening material, and the durability and flexural toughness of the outer shell part can be enhanced.

[0022] Fig. 2(a) is a view showing the fixing jig 5. The fixing jig 5 is a member provided with a female screw part 52 on the surface of the fixing plate 51, and the fixing plate 51 is arranged with the female screw part 52 on the side of the excavation part 100 and the female screw part 52 on the side of the mountain retaining wall 2 in Fig. 1(b). The female screw part 52 is a cylindrical member having a female screw hole 521.

[0023] When spraying the mortar 7, as shown in Fig. 2(b), the tip of the female screw part 52 is previously blocked by a cap 53 so that the mortar 7 does not enter the female screw part 52. The cap 53 is removed after spraying the mortar 7 so that the tip of the female screw part 52 protrudes from the surface of the mortar 7.

[0024] Fig. 3(a) is a view showing the guide 6. The guide 6 of the present embodiment is a mesh bar in which vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars 61 are fixed in a lattice shape by welding or the like, and has a thickness that can be embedded in the mortar 7 of the outer shell part. By embedding the guide 6 in the mortar 7, the flexural toughness of the outer shell part and the fixing property of the fixing jig 5 to the mortar 7 are improved. However, the material and shape of the guide 6 are not limited to this, and it is sufficient if the workability of mortar spraying and the structural performance of the outer shell part can be ensured.

[0025] The guide 6 can be installed, for example, by attaching it to a reinforcing bar (not shown) protruding upward from the bottom slab 3, and the positional accuracy of the guide 6 can be improved by placing a spacer (not shown) between the guide 6 and the waterproof layer 4. The fixing jig 5 is attached to the intersection of the vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars 61 by means of a wire (not shown) or the like, as shown in Fig. 3(b), for example. However, the method of attaching the fixing jig 5 is not limited to this.

[0026] After the mortar 7 has hardened, one end of the separator 8, which is a rod material, is attached to the fixing jig 5, as shown in Fig. 1(d). This causes the end of the separator 8 to be fixed to the retaining wall 2. When attaching the separator 8, in this embodiment, a male screw provided at one end of the separator 8 is screwed into the female screw hole 521 of the fixing jig 5, but the method of attaching the separator 8 is not particularly limited.

[0027] An inner formwork 9 is provided in the excavated portion 100 at a distance from the outer shell portion made of mortar 7. The other end of the separator 8 is attached to the inner formwork 9 located in the excavated portion 100. The inner formwork 9 may be a conventional formwork such as a steel formwork, a wooden formwork, or a concrete formwork, but is not limited to these. The method of attaching the end of the separator 8 to the inner formwork 9 is also not particularly limited, and various known methods can be applied.

[0028] After forming the formwork structure for constructing the structure 1 in this manner, reinforcing bars (not shown) of the structure 1 are placed between the inner formwork 9 and the mortar 7 of the outer shell located on the earth retaining wall 2 side of the inner formwork 9, and concrete C, which is a filler material, is poured and filled as shown in Fig. 1(e). The inner formwork 9 is supported by separators 8 fixed to the earth retaining wall 2 side by fixing jigs 5, so it is possible to suppress deformation of the inner formwork 9 against the pouring pressure of the concrete C. The above-mentioned reinforcing bars are, for example, main bars, shear reinforcing bars, etc. of the structure 1.

[0029] After the concrete C has hardened, the inner formwork 9 is removed to construct the structure 1 as shown in Fig. 1(f). The structure 1 in this embodiment is a wall body, and the wall body is constructed as a part of the underground skeleton.

[0030] As described above, according to this embodiment, the fixing jig 5 is installed on the excavation part 100 side of the waterproof layer 4 of the earth retaining wall 2 that has been pre-waterproofed, one end of the separator 8 is fixed by this fixing jig 5, and the other end of the separator 8 is attached to the inner formwork 9, so that the deformation of the inner formwork 9 can be prevented against the pouring pressure of the concrete C poured into the space on the earth retaining wall 2 side of the inner formwork 9. In this embodiment, the earth retaining wall 2 and its waterproof layer 4 are not changed, and the separator 8 is attached to the fixing jig 5 fixed to the outer shell part on the side of the waterproof layer 4, so that the construction is easier than the conventional construction method. Furthermore, there is no need to drill holes in the waterproof layer 4 of the earth retaining wall 2, and the waterproofing is not impaired. In addition, the work of drilling holes in the waterproof layer 4 and the subsequent filling work can be omitted.

[0031] In this embodiment, by embedding the fixing jig 5 in the outer shell, the position of the fixing jig 5 can be reliably fixed, and the outer shell can also protect the waterproof layer 4. This outer shell is formed by applying mortar 7, which greatly improves workability and makes it easier to construct the outer shell.

[0032] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the fixing jig 5 is attached to the guide 6, so that the fixing jig 5 can be installed with high accuracy.

[0033] However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the structure 1 in this embodiment is a wall, but the structure 1 is not limited to a wall, and may be, for example, a column. In this case, a pair of side formworks are provided to connect the inner formwork 9 and the mortar 7 of the outer shell, and a square-shaped closed area for pouring concrete C is formed by these side formworks, the inner formwork 9, and the mortar 7 of the outer shell.

[0034] In addition, in this embodiment, concrete C is poured and filled between the outer shell portion made of mortar 7 and the inner formwork 9, but the filler filled between the outer shell portion and the inner formwork 9 is not limited to this and may differ depending on the individual structure 1, etc.

[0035] Furthermore, the shape, configuration, etc. of the fixing jig 5 are not particularly limited as long as the required fixing performance is obtained and the end portion of the separator 8 can be attached thereto.

[0036] As shown in Figure 4, the length L (axial length of the female threaded portion 52) of the cap 53 that blocks the female threaded portion 52 of the fixing jig 5 can also be determined so that when the tip of the female threaded portion 52 is blocked by the cap 53, the end of the cap 53 on the fixing plate 51 side (retaining wall 2 side) is located at the designed position of the mortar surface of the outer shell portion, and thus the cap 53 can be used as a guide for controlling the application thickness of the mortar 7.

[0037] In this embodiment, the fixing jig 5 is attached to the guide 6, but as shown in Fig. 5(a), the fixing jig 5 may be attached to the surface of the waterproof layer 4 facing the excavation section 100 using an adhesive or the like, and mortar 7 may be applied to it as shown in Fig. 5(b). In this case, there is also no need to drill holes in the waterproof layer 4, and the installation of the guide 6 can be omitted.

[0038] In the present embodiment, the outer shell portion is formed by applying the mortar 7 by spraying. However, the method of applying the mortar 7 is not limited to spraying, and the outer shell portion may be formed by applying the mortar 7 by a plastering method.

[0039] Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 6, a precast concrete plate 7a in which a fixing jig 5 is embedded in advance may be used as the outer shell, and this precast concrete plate 7a may be installed along the surface of the waterproof layer 4 facing the excavation section 100. In this case as well, it is possible to save the trouble of installing the guide 6 and applying mortar 7. The fixing jig 5 is positioned so that the tip of the female thread portion 52 protrudes from the surface of the precast concrete plate 7a.

[0040] The inner formwork 9 is not limited to conventional forms such as steel, wooden, or concrete forms. For example, it is also possible to form the inner formwork by spraying mortar, which is a hardening material. Hereinafter, an example of forming the inner formwork by spraying mortar will be described as the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, a configuration different from that of the first embodiment will be described, and similar configurations will be denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings and the like, and description thereof will be omitted.

[0041] [Second embodiment] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing each step of a method for constructing a structure 1a according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 7(a) to (c), after the fixing jig 5 is installed in the same manner as in the first embodiment, in the step of Figure 1(d) above, as shown in Figure 7(d), the fixing jig 5 is also attached to the end of the separator 8 opposite the retaining wall 2, and a core material 11 for spraying mortar is installed.

[0043] Examples of the core material 11 that can be used include, but are not limited to, an air tube that can be reused repeatedly as shown in JP 2020-094401 A, or a lath mesh that is inexpensive and easy to install.

[0044] Thereafter, as shown in Fig. 7(e), mortar 13 is sprayed onto the core material 11 so as to embed the above-mentioned fixing jig 5. An inner formwork is formed as the mortar 13 hardens, and the end of the separator 8 opposite the retaining wall 2 is attached to the inner formwork by the above-mentioned fixing jig 5. After the formwork structure for constructing the structure 1a is thus formed, as shown in Fig. 7(f), reinforcing bars (not shown) are placed between the inner formwork and the mortar 7 of the outer shell, and concrete C is poured to construct the structure 1a.

[0045] The inner formwork made of mortar 13 is a buried formwork, and is not removed like the inner formwork 9 described above. The core material 11 is removed before pouring the concrete C when air tubes are used, but is left in place when lath mesh is used. In this example, the hardening agent mortar 13 is applied to the core material 11 by spraying, but the mortar 13 may also be applied by a plastering method. It is also possible to use a cement-based material other than mortar 13 as the hardening agent.

[0046] In the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, deformation of the inner formwork (mortar 13) can be prevented when pouring the concrete C. In addition, in the second embodiment, all formwork work can be replaced with painting work, and the labor required for assembling and dismantling the formwork at the site can be reduced. Furthermore, by arranging the core material 11 in a plane, a structure 1a having a surface with a complex shape such as a curved surface can be formed.

[0047] In this embodiment, a separator 8 is installed separately from the reinforcing bars of the structure 1a and used to support the inner formwork, but it is also possible to use permanent shear reinforcing bars embedded in the structure 1a instead of the separator 8, which makes it possible to omit the conventional separator and reduce construction costs.

[0048] 8 shows an example of an anchoring jig 22 used when the shear reinforcement 21 is used as a separator. The anchoring jig 22 has a cylindrical female threaded portion 222 provided on the surface of an anchoring plate 221, and a female threaded hole is provided inside the female threaded portion 222.

[0049] The shear reinforcement 21 may be, for example, a threaded reinforcing bar, and the end of the shear reinforcement 21 may be attached to the fixing jig 22 by screwing the screw at the end of the shear reinforcement 21 into the female threaded hole of the fixing jig 22. However, the shear reinforcement 21 and the fixing jig 22 are not limited to this.

[0050] The work procedure in this case is the same as that explained in Fig. 7, and in the step of Fig. 7(d) described above, as shown in Fig. 9, one end of the shear reinforcement 21 is attached to an anchoring jig 22 embedded in the mortar 7 of the outer shell, and the anchoring jig 22 is also attached to the other end of the shear reinforcement 21. As in the example of Fig. 7, mortar 13 is sprayed onto the core material 11 to form an inner formwork, and the anchoring jig 22 is embedded in the mortar 13, so that the other end of the shear reinforcement 21 is attached to the inner formwork by the anchoring jig 22.

[0051] In addition, instead of the fixing jig 22, a fixing part such as an fixing plate may be fixed and integrated to the end of the shear reinforcement 21 by welding or the like.In this case, in the process shown in Figures 7(b) to (c) above, the fixing part integrated with the shear reinforcement 21 is installed on the excavation part 100 side of the waterproof layer 4 and embedded in the mortar 7 of the outer shell part.

[0052] [Third embodiment] Fig. 10 is a diagram showing each step of a method for constructing a structure 1b according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment, a construction method similar to that in the first embodiment is applied to a target structure 20 on the ground without a waterproof layer 4 as shown in Fig. 10(a).

[0053] In this case, as in the first embodiment, as shown in Fig. 10(b), a guide 6 is used to place an anchoring jig 5 on the side of the target structure 20, and then, as shown in Fig. 10(c), mortar 7 is applied to the target structure 20 by spraying or the like to form an outer shell, and the anchoring jig 5 is embedded and fixed in the outer shell. Then, as shown in Figs. 10(d) to (f), a separator 8 and an inner form 9 are installed, concrete C is poured, and the inner form 9 is removed in the same manner as in the first embodiment, thereby constructing a new structure 1b on the side of the target structure 20.

[0054] As a result, the third embodiment can achieve the same effects as the first embodiment. Also, even in cases where the separator 8 can be installed only from one side of the target structure 20, such as when pouring additional concrete C into the existing target structure 20, or when the separator 8 cannot be fixed directly to the target structure 20, construction of the structure 1b becomes easy.

[0055] Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above examples. It is clear that a person skilled in the art can come up with various modified or altered examples within the scope of the technical ideas disclosed in this application, and it is understood that these also naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 1, 1a, 1b: Structure 2: Mountain retaining wall 4: Waterproof layer 5, 22: Fixing fixture 6: Guide 7, 13: Mortar 7a: Precast concrete slab 8: Separator 9: Inner formwork 20: Target structure 21: Shear reinforcement 100: Excavation Department

Claims

1. A step of installing a fixing portion for fixing one end of the bar material on a side of the target structure; a step of filling a filler material on the target structure side of the inner formwork in a state in which one end of the bar is fixed by the fixing portion and the other end of the bar is attached to an inner formwork located in a space to the side of the target structure; having The fixing portion is fixed to an outer shell portion provided on the surface of the target structure facing the space, A method for constructing a structure, characterized in that the outer shell is a precast concrete plate.

2. A step of installing a fixing portion for fixing one end of the bar material on a side of the target structure; a step of filling a filler material on the target structure side of the inner formwork in a state in which one end of the bar is fixed by the fixing portion and the other end of the bar is attached to an inner formwork located in a space to the side of the target structure; having The fixing portion is fixed to an outer shell portion provided on the surface of the target structure facing the space, The outer shell portion is formed by applying a hardening material, the fixing portion has a tubular member into which the one end of the bar is inserted, When applying the hardener, the tip of the cylindrical member is closed with a cap, A method for constructing a structure, characterized in that the axial length of the tubular member of the cap is determined so that when the tip of the tubular member is blocked by the cap, the end of the cap on the target structure side is located at a designed position on the surface of the hardened material.

3. 3. The method for constructing a structure according to claim 1, wherein the target structure is a retaining wall having a waterproof layer formed on the surface facing the space.

4. 3. A method for constructing a structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the fixing portion is attached and positioned on a guide provided on the side of the target structure.

5. 5. A method for constructing a structure according to claim 1, wherein the rod material is a shear reinforcement bar provided in the structure.

6. A formwork structure for constructing a structure on the side of a target structure, One end of the rod is fixed by a fixing portion installed on the side of the target structure, The other end of the bar is attached to an inner formwork located in a space to the side of the target structure, The fixing portion is fixed to an outer shell portion provided on the surface of the target structure facing the space, The formwork structure is characterized in that the outer shell is a precast concrete plate.

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