Vehicle, server and energy regulation system

Abstract

To protect a power system while contributing to energy regulation when a vehicle can participate in the energy regulation.SOLUTION: A vehicle 10 comprises: a power storage device; and a control device. The control device controls a power stand 20 constituted to discharge power of the power storage device to a power system PG. A required discharge amount is a power amount which is required to be discharged in an energy regulation period. Upper limit voltage is voltage by which discharge power amount is restricted when system voltage as voltage of the power system exceeds. The control device calculates first predicted voltage as predicted voltage of the system voltage when the required discharge amount is discharged in the energy regulation period according to the required discharge amount. Then, the control device sets a setting value of the discharge power amount to be output in the energy regulation period lower than the required discharge amount so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage in the energy regulation period becomes second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a vehicle, a server, and an energy adjustment system. [Background technology]

[0002] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2020-156149 (Patent Document 1) discloses a control device that controls electric power equipment that is the target of operation in a VPP (Virtual Power Plant) system. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2020-156149 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Energy adjustment in a power system (for example, demand response (DR) for adjusting the balance between power supply and demand in a VPP) is being considered. It is preferable for a power resource to participate in such energy adjustment.

[0005] When a vehicle equipped with a power storage device is used as a power resource, the power stored in the power storage device of the vehicle may be discharged to the power grid through a discharge device. In this case, if excessive discharging is performed, the voltage of the power grid (grid voltage) may rise excessively, which may cause the power grid to become unstable. Therefore, when the grid voltage rises excessively, the discharge device generally operates to limit the amount of discharged power in order to protect the power grid. If the amount of discharged power is limited as described above during the period in which energy adjustment is performed (energy adjustment period), there is a possibility that the required discharge amount required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period will not be supplied from the discharge device to the power grid. Such a situation is undesirable from the viewpoint of energy adjustment.

[0006] The present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a vehicle, a server, and an energy adjustment system for protecting a power system while contributing to energy adjustment when the vehicle is capable of participating in energy adjustment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A vehicle of the present disclosure is a vehicle capable of participating in energy adjustment in a power system. The vehicle includes a power storage device and a control device. The control device controls a discharge device that is connected to the power system and configured to discharge power from the power storage device to the power system. The energy adjustment period is a period during which the energy adjustment is performed. The discharge power amount is the amount of power discharged from the discharge device. The required discharge amount is the amount of power required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period. The upper limit voltage is a voltage at which the amount of discharge power is limited in order to protect the power system when a system voltage that is the voltage of the power system is exceeded. The control device calculates a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of a system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested discharge amount. Then, when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, the control device sets a set value of the discharge power amount to be output during the energy adjustment period lower than the requested discharge amount so that a predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage.

[0008] With the above configuration, the system voltage is prevented from exceeding the upper limit voltage during the energy adjustment period. This prevents the amount of power discharged from the discharge device to the power system from being limited during the energy adjustment period. As a result, it is possible to protect the power system while contributing to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

[0009] Before the energy adjustment period arrives, the control device may create a model showing a relationship between the discharge power amount and a predicted voltage of the grid voltage. The control device may then use the model to calculate a first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount, and use the model to output a set value according to the second predicted voltage.

[0010] With the above configuration, the first predicted voltage can be calculated with high accuracy, and the setting value of the amount of discharge power output during the energy adjustment period can be set appropriately.

[0011] The discharge device may be further configured to be capable of charging the power storage device using power from the power system. The charging power amount is the amount of power supplied from the power system through the discharge device to the power storage device. The requested charging amount is the amount of power requested to be supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period. The lower limit voltage is a voltage below which the charging power amount is limited when the system voltage falls. The control device may calculate a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charging amount is supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charging amount. Then, when the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage, the control device may set a set value of the charging power amount to be output during the energy adjustment period lower than the requested charging amount so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage.

[0012] With the above configuration, the grid voltage is prevented from falling below the lower limit voltage during the energy adjustment period. This prevents the amount of charging power from the power grid to the power storage device from being limited during the energy adjustment period. As a result, it is possible to contribute to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

[0013] The vehicle of the present disclosure is a vehicle capable of participating in energy adjustment in a power system. The vehicle includes a power storage device and a control device. The control device controls a discharge device that is connected to the power system and configured to discharge power from the power storage device to the power system. The energy adjustment period is a period during which the energy adjustment is performed. The discharge power amount is the amount of power discharged from the discharge device. The required discharge amount is the amount of power required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period. The upper limit voltage is a voltage at which the amount of discharge power is limited in order to protect the power system when a system voltage that is the voltage of the power system is exceeded. The control device calculates a first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount when a detection value of the system voltage rises to or above a threshold voltage lower than the upper limit voltage during the energy adjustment period. The first predicted voltage is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the required discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period. The control device further executes a setting process for setting a set value of the discharge power amount to be output after the detection value rises to or above the threshold voltage to be lower than the required discharge amount when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage. The setting process is to output a set value so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage after the detection value has increased to or above the threshold voltage becomes a second predicted voltage that is lower than the upper limit voltage.

[0014] With the above configuration, the first predicted voltage is not calculated until the detection value of the grid voltage rises above the threshold voltage. This reduces the processing load on the processing device associated with the calculation of the first predicted voltage. This avoids a situation in which the predicted voltage of the grid voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage after the detection value rises above the threshold voltage. This prevents the amount of power discharged from the discharge device to the power grid during the energy adjustment period from being limited. As a result, the power grid can be protected while contributing to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

[0015] The server of the present disclosure is a server that manages vehicles that can participate in energy adjustment in a power system. The vehicle includes a power storage device. The server includes a storage device and a processing device. The processing device executes a program stored in the storage device. The energy adjustment period is a period during which the energy adjustment is performed. The discharge power amount is an amount of power discharged from a discharge device that is connected to the power system and configured to discharge power from the power storage device to the power system. The requested discharge amount is an amount of power that is requested to be discharged during the energy adjustment period. The upper limit voltage is a voltage at which the amount of discharged power is limited to protect the power system when a system voltage that is a voltage of the power system is exceeded. The processing device calculates a first predicted voltage that is a predicted voltage of a system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period according to the requested discharge amount. Then, when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, the processing device sets a set value of the discharge power amount during the energy adjustment period lower than the requested discharge amount so that a predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage.

[0016] Before the energy adjustment period arrives, the processing device may calculate a first predicted voltage according to a required discharge amount using a model showing the relationship between the discharge power amount and the predicted voltage of the grid voltage, and output a set value according to a second predicted voltage using the model.

[0017] The discharge device may be further configured to be capable of charging the power storage device using power from the power system. The charging power amount is the amount of power supplied from the power system through the discharge device to the power storage device. The requested charging amount is the amount of power requested to be supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period. The lower limit voltage is a voltage below which the charging power amount is limited when the system voltage falls. The processing device may calculate a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charging amount is supplied from the power system to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charging amount. Then, when the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage, the processing device may set a setting value of the charging power amount during the energy adjustment period lower than the requested charging amount so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage.

[0018] The server of the present disclosure is a server that manages a plurality of vehicles that can participate in energy adjustment in a power system. A first vehicle of the plurality of vehicles includes a first power storage device. A second vehicle of the plurality of vehicles includes a second power storage device. The server includes a storage device and a processing device. The processing device executes a program stored in the storage device. The energy adjustment period is a period during which the energy adjustment is performed. The discharged power amount is an amount of power discharged from a discharging device that is connected to the power system and configured to discharge power of the first power storage device to the power system. The charged power amount is an amount of power supplied from the power system to the second power storage device through a charging device that is connected to the power system and configured to charge the second power storage device with power from the power system. The requested discharge amount is an amount of power that is requested to be discharged during the energy adjustment period. The upper limit voltage is a voltage at which the amount of discharged power is limited in order to protect the power system when a system voltage that is the voltage of the power system is exceeded. The processing device calculates a first predicted voltage that is a predicted voltage of a system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period according to the requested discharge amount. Then, when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, the processing device requests the second vehicle to charge the second power storage device using the charging device during the energy adjustment period, and outputs a set value for the amount of charging power during the energy adjustment period so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a second predicted voltage that is lower than the upper limit voltage.

[0019] With the above configuration, during the energy adjustment period, the required discharge amount can be discharged from the first power storage device to the power grid while preventing the grid voltage from exceeding the upper limit voltage. This makes it possible to prevent the amount of discharge power from the discharge device to the power grid from being limited while achieving the required discharge amount of the first vehicle during the energy adjustment period. As a result, it is possible to protect the power grid while contributing to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

[0020] The requested charge amount is an amount of power requested to be supplied from the power grid through the charging device to the second power storage device during the energy adjustment period. The lower limit voltage is a voltage below which the amount of charging power is limited when the grid voltage falls. The processing device may calculate a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the grid voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power grid to the second power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount. When the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage, the processing device may request the first vehicle to discharge from the first power storage device to the power grid during the energy adjustment period using a discharging device, and output a set value of the amount of discharge power during the energy adjustment period so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage.

[0021] With the above configuration, during the energy adjustment period, the required charge amount can be supplied from the power grid to the second power storage device while preventing the system voltage from falling below the lower limit voltage. This makes it possible to achieve the required charge amount of the second vehicle during the energy adjustment period while preventing the amount of charging power from the power grid to the second power storage device from being limited.

[0022] The energy adjustment system of the present disclosure includes a vehicle capable of participating in energy adjustment in a power grid, and the above-mentioned server. Effect of the Invention

[0023] According to the present disclosure, when a vehicle is capable of participating in energy adjustment, it is possible to protect the power grid while contributing to the energy adjustment. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a power adjustment system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing detailed configurations of a vehicle and a server. [Diagram 3] FIG. 11 is a timing diagram showing an example of a process executed when a vehicle participates in DR. [Figure 4]FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a transition over time of a required discharge amount of a power station during a DR period. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a transition over time of the amount of discharged power when the amount of discharged power of a power station is limited during a DR period. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a voltage fluctuation model for predicting how a predicted value of a grid voltage fluctuates depending on an output power amount of a power station. [Figure 7] 5 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by an ECU to create a voltage fluctuation model. [Figure 8] 5 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by an ECU to adjust the power supply balance in the first embodiment. [Figure 9] 5 is a diagram showing a transition over time of a setting value of the amount of discharge power set by an ECU in the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 10] 11 is a diagram showing a change over time in the amount of charging energy PCA when the amount of charging energy of the power storage device during a DR period is limited. FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram for specifically illustrating a method for setting a set value of the amount of charging energy in the first modification of the first embodiment. [Figure 12] 10 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by an ECU to adjust the power supply balance in the first modification of the first embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a transition over time of a set value of the amount of charging energy that is set by an ECU in the first modification of the first embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a method for an ECU to output a set value in the second modification of the first embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a transition over time of a setting value of the amount of discharge power that is set by an ECU according to a second modification of the first embodiment. [Figure 16] 13 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by an ECU to adjust the power supply balance in the second modification of the first embodiment. [Figure 17]11 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by a server according to the second embodiment. [Figure 18] 13 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by a server to adjust the power supply balance in a modification of the second embodiment. [Figure 19] 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by a server according to the third embodiment. [Figure 20] 13 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by a server according to a modification of the third embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] An embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are given the same reference numerals and the description thereof will not be repeated. Hereinafter, a case where energy adjustment in a power system is performed by DR will be mainly described.

[0026] [Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a power adjustment system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] 1, the power adjusting system 1 includes a power transmission and distribution facility 5, a power plant 7, a server 300, a server 200, and a power system PG (power grid). The power adjusting system 1 further includes a plurality of vehicles 10 and a plurality of power stations 20.

[0028] The power transmission and distribution equipment 5 includes a power transmission line, a substation, and a power distribution line. The power transmission and distribution equipment 5 supplies power to the power system PG by transmitting and distributing power supplied from a power plant 7. The power transmission and distribution equipment 5 and the power plant 7 are maintained and managed by a power company.

[0029] The server 300 belongs to a power company and manages the supply and demand of the power system PG. The detailed configuration of the server 300 will be described later.

[0030] The server 200 belongs to an aggregator. The aggregator is an electric utility that aggregates multiple power resources (in this example, multiple vehicles 10) in the power system PG and provides an energy management service to a power company. If the aggregator successfully adjusts the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG, it can receive a reward from the power company.

[0031] Server 200 is configured to receive an adjustment request signal S0 from server 300. The adjustment request signal S0 is transmitted by server 300 to request the aggregator to adjust the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG. The adjustment request signal S0 includes information indicating the amount of power that is requested to be adjusted (more specifically, supplied or consumed) in total in the power system PG. This amount of power is also referred to as a total adjustment power amount TAP. The adjustment request signal S0 further includes information indicating a period during which adjustment of the power supply and demand balance is requested (corresponding to a period during which DR is implemented). Hereinafter, the period during which DR is implemented is also referred to as a "DR period."

[0032] In response to receiving the adjustment request signal S0, the server 200 manages the balance between power supply and demand in the power system PG. Specifically, the server 200 is configured to manage a plurality of vehicles 10 (in this example, vehicles 10A, 10B, and 10C), and transmits a DR request signal S1 to each of the plurality of vehicles 10. The DR request signal S1 is a signal for requesting each of the plurality of vehicles 10 to participate in DR.

[0033] Each of the multiple vehicles 10 is an electrically powered vehicle equipped with a power storage device 11, for example, an electric vehicle (BEV: Battery Electric Vehicle). The power storage devices 11 of the vehicles 10A, 10B, 10C are also referred to as power storage devices 11A, 11B, 11C, respectively. Each vehicle 10 is configured to be able to perform external charging. External charging refers to receiving a supply of power from a power system PG external to the vehicle 10 via a power stand 20 to charge the power storage device 11 of the vehicle 10. When the vehicle 10 performs external charging, power is supplied from the power system PG to the vehicle 10. As a result, the power load (power consumption) in the power system PG increases.

[0034] The vehicle 10 is also configured to be able to perform external discharging. External discharging is discharging the power stored in the power storage device 11 of the vehicle 10 to the power grid PG via the power stand 20. When the vehicle 10 performs external discharging, power is supplied from the vehicle 10 to the power grid PG. As a result, the power supply in the power grid PG increases. In this way, each vehicle 10 can participate in DR (contribute to adjusting the balance of power supply and demand) by performing external charging or external discharging.

[0035] The vehicle 10 is configured to receive a DR request signal S1 from the server 200. Upon receiving the DR request signal S1, the vehicle 10 uses an HMI (Human Machine Interface) device to inquire of the user of the vehicle 10 whether or not to approve the participation in the DR. If the user approves the participation of the vehicle 10 in the DR, the vehicle 10 transmits an approval signal S11 to the server 200. The approval signal S11 is a signal for notifying the server 200 that the vehicle 10 will participate in the DR.

[0036] Each of the multiple power stations 20 is configured to connect to the vehicle 10 through a power cable. The power stations 20 connected to the vehicles 10A, 10B, and 10C are also referred to as power stations 20A, 20B, and 20C, respectively. Each of the multiple power stations 20 is also configured to connect to a power grid PG. The power station 20 includes a voltage sensor (not shown). The voltage sensor detects the voltage of the power grid PG (also referred to as "grid voltage"). In this example, the grid voltage corresponds to the voltage of a power line 35 of the power grid PG.

[0037] The power station 20 further includes a communication device (not shown). While the power station 20 is connected to the vehicle 10 through a power cable, the communication device is configured to communicate with the vehicle 10. This communication is, for example, a controller area network (CAN) communication and / or a power line communication (PLC). The detection value of the above-mentioned voltage sensor is transmitted from the power station 20 to the vehicle 10 through this communication. The communication device may be configured to communicate with the server 200 in a wired or wireless manner. In this case, the communication device may transmit the detection value of the above-mentioned voltage sensor to the server 200.

[0038] The power stand 20 is configured to discharge the power stored in the power storage device 11 to the power grid PG. The power stand 20 is an example of a "discharging device" in the present disclosure. The power stand 20 is also configured to charge the power storage device 11 of the vehicle 10 using power supplied from the power grid PG. Therefore, the power stand 20 is also an example of a "charging device" in the present disclosure.

[0039] Fig. 2 is a diagram showing detailed configurations of the vehicle 10 and the servers 200, 300. In the following description, Fig. 1 will be referred to as appropriate.

[0040] 2, vehicle 10 includes, in addition to power storage device 11, a communication device 13, an inlet 16, an HMI device 17, and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 18.

[0041] The power storage device 11 stores electric power for traveling. In this example, the power storage device 11 is a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, but may be an electric double layer capacitor.

[0042] The communication device 13 is configured to communicate with a device (e.g., a server 200) external to the vehicle 10. Specifically, the communication device 13 receives a DR request signal S1 from the server 200 and transmits an acknowledgement signal S11 to the server 200.

[0043] When the vehicle 10 is requested to participate in the DR, the HMI device 17 inquires of the user of the vehicle 10 whether or not to approve the participation in the DR. The inquiry is made by screen display or voice. The HMI device 17 outputs a signal indicating the result of the inquiry to the ECU 18.

[0044] The ECU 18 controls various devices of the vehicle 10 , such as the communication device 13 and the HMI device 17 .

[0045] The ECU 18 is configured to output the following set values ​​SV1, SV2. The ECU 18 controls the power station 20 by outputting the set values ​​SV1, SV2 to the power station 20 via CAN communication and / or PLC.

[0046] The set value SV1 is, for example, a set value for the amount of output power of the power stand 20. The amount of output power of the power stand 20 is the amount of discharged power or the amount of charged power. The amount of discharged power is the amount of power discharged from the power stand 20 to the power grid PG. The amount of charged power is the amount of power supplied from the power grid PG to the power storage device 11 of the vehicle 10 through the power stand 20.

[0047] The set value SV2 is a set value of the output power of the power stand 20. The output power is discharge power or charge power. Discharge power is power discharged from the power stand 20 to the power grid PG. Charging power is power supplied from the power grid PG to the power storage device 11 of the vehicle 10 through the power stand 20. The set values ​​SV1 and SV2 are related to each other. For example, when the set value SV2 is constant, the set value SV1 is the product of the set value SV2 and the length of the period during which the set value SV2 is output.

[0048] In the first embodiment, a case will be mainly described in which the output power and the output power amount of the power station 20 are the discharge power and the discharge power amount, respectively.

[0049] The power stand 20 has a function for protecting the power system PG. For example, when the system voltage detected by the above-mentioned voltage sensor exceeds an upper limit voltage, the power stand 20 is configured to limit the amount of discharged power (discharged power). When the amount of discharged power (discharged power) is limited in this manner, excessive discharge from the power stand 20 to the power system PG is prevented. As a result, an excessive increase in the system voltage is avoided, and the power system PG is protected. The upper limit voltage is appropriately determined in advance through experiments as a voltage at which the power system PG is protected if the system voltage is equal to or lower than the upper limit voltage.

[0050] Alternatively, when the system voltage falls below the lower limit voltage, the power stand 20 is configured to limit the amount of charging energy (charging power) supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20. Limiting the amount of charging energy (charging power) in this manner prevents an excessive decrease in the power supply in the power system PG. As a result, an excessive decrease in the system voltage is avoided, and the power system PG is protected. The lower limit voltage is appropriately determined in advance through experiments as a voltage at which the power system PG is protected if the system voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage.

[0051] The mobile terminal 12 is operated by a user of the vehicle 10. The mobile terminal 12 may be configured to be able to communicate with the server 200. For example, the mobile terminal 12 may receive a DR request signal S1 from the server 200, or inquire of the user whether or not to approve the participation of the vehicle 10 in the DR. Then, when the participation of the vehicle 10 in the DR is approved, the mobile terminal 12 transmits an approval signal S11 to the server 200.

[0052] The power company's server 300 includes a communication device 303, a storage device 302, and a processing device 301. The communication device 303 is configured to communicate with the server 200. The storage device 302 is a memory that stores a program executed by the processing device 301. The processing device 301 includes a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processor executes various types of arithmetic processing.

[0053] The aggregator server 200 includes a communication device 203 , a storage device 202 , and a processing device 201 .

[0054] The communication device 203 is configured to communicate with devices external to the server 200 (eg, the server 300, the power station 20, and the vehicle 10).

[0055] The storage device 202 includes a read only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM) (neither of which are shown). The ROM stores programs executed by the processing device 201. The RAM functions as a working memory.

[0056] The processing device 201 includes a processor such as a CPU. The processor executes various types of arithmetic processing.

[0057] When the server 200 receives the approval signal S11, a contract is established between the user of the vehicle 10 and the aggregator. This contract includes information indicating the start time and end time of the DR period, and the requested discharge amount RDA or the requested charge amount RCA requested of the vehicle 10 by the aggregator. The requested discharge amount RDA is the amount of power requested to be discharged from the power stand 20 connected to the vehicle 10 to the power grid PG during the DR period. The requested charge amount RCA is the amount of power requested to be supplied from the power grid PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20 during the DR period. Contract information indicating the contents of the above contract is included in the DR request signal S1 and the approval signal S11. The contract information is stored in a memory built into the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10 and in the storage device 202 of the server 200.

[0058] When the server 200 receives the approval signal S11 from each vehicle 10, the server 200 transmits a signal S15 to the server 300. The signal S15 includes information indicating that the aggregator is capable of achieving the total adjustment power amount TAP requested by the power company.

[0059] FIG. 3 is a timing diagram showing an example of a process that is executed when the vehicle 10 participates in DR.

[0060] 3, at time t1, the aggregator server 200 receives an adjustment request signal S0 from the power company server 300 through the communication device 203. In this example, the server 200 requests each vehicle 10 to discharge to the power grid PG (external discharge of the vehicle 10). The server 200 calculates a required discharge amount RDA for each power stand 20 (for each vehicle 10 connected to the power stand 20) according to the total adjustment power amount TAP included in the adjustment request signal S0 (period P1). Hereinafter, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, it is assumed that the required discharge amount RDA of each power stand 20 (for each vehicle 10) is equal.

[0061] At time t2, the server 200 transmits a DR request signal S1 to each vehicle 10. When the vehicle 10 receives the DR request signal S1 through the communication device 13, the vehicle 10 uses the HMI device 17 to inquire of the user whether or not to approve the participation in the DR (period P2). In this example, it is assumed that the user approves the participation of the vehicle 10 in the DR.

[0062] At time t3, the vehicle 10 transmits an approval signal S11 to the server 200, and the server 200 receives the approval signal S11. This establishes a contract between the aggregator and the user of the vehicle 10. After that, the server 200 transmits a signal S15 to the server 300 of the electric power company. When the period P3 ends, DR is implemented during a period P4 from time t4 to time t5.

[0063] Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a temporal transition of the required discharge amount RDA of the power stand 20 during the DR period. With reference to Fig. 4, the period P4 includes a period P4a (from time t4 to time ta), a period P4b (from time ta to time tb), and a period P4c (from time tb to time t5) as unit periods of the DR period (also referred to as "unit DR period"). The time interval TI of each of these unit DR periods is, for example, 30 minutes.

[0064] A line 605 indicates a change over time in the required value of the discharge power PD. In this example, the required value of the discharge power PD varies for each unit DR period.

[0065] For example, during a period P4a, the required value of the discharge power PD is a required value RD1, and the required discharge amount RDA during the period P4a is a required discharge amount RDA4a (=requested value RD1×time interval TI).

[0066] During period P4b, the required value of the discharge power PD is the required value RD2, and the required discharge amount RDA during period P4b is the required discharge amount RDA4b (=requested value RD2×time interval TI).

[0067] During the period P4c, the required value of the discharge power PD is the required value RD3, and the required discharge amount RDA during the period P4c is the required discharge amount RDA4c (=requested value RD3×time interval TI).

[0068] The total amount of discharge power that is requested to be discharged from the power station 20 to the power grid PG during the period P4 that is the DR period is the sum of the requested discharge amounts RDA4a, RDA4b, and RDA4c.

[0069] Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a temporal transition of the discharged electric power amount when the discharged electric power amount of the power station 20 is limited during the DR period. This example is a comparative example in which the process described later is not executed by the ECU 18. In the following description, Fig. 4 will be referred to as appropriate.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 5, a line 610 shows the progression of the discharge power PD over time when the discharge power PD is limited.

[0071] During period P4a, the discharge power PD of the required value RD1 continues to be discharged from the power station 20 to the power grid PG. In this example, the grid voltage during period P4a until time ta arrives is below the upper limit voltage. Therefore, the discharge energy amount PDA of the power station 20 during period P4a is not restricted. As a result, the discharge energy amount PDA during period P4a is the discharge energy amount PDA4a equal to the required discharge amount RDA4a (PDA4a = RDA4a). And in this example, it is assumed that immediately after time ta arrives, the grid voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage.

[0072] Therefore, during period P4b after time ta, due to the protection function of the power grid PG by the power station 20, the discharge power PD of the power station 20 is restricted to a discharge power PD4 much less than the required value RD2 (PD4 << RD2). As a result, the discharge energy amount PDA during period P4b is restricted to a discharge energy amount PDA4b much less than the required discharge amount RDA4b (PDA4b << RDA4b).

[0073] And in this example, also during period P4c after period P4b, due to the protection function of the power grid PG by the power station 20, the discharge power PD remains restricted to a discharge power PD4 much less than the required value RD3 (PD4 << RD3). As a result, similar to the case of period P4b, the discharge energy amount PDA during period P4c remains restricted to a discharge energy amount PDA4c much less than the required discharge amount RDA4c (PDA4c << RDA4c).

[0074] Thus, in the comparative example, there is a possibility that the discharge energy amount PDA (discharge power PD) is restricted during the DR period. As a result, there is a possibility that the discharge energy amount PDA supplied from the power station 20 to the power grid PG during the DR period becomes much less than the required discharge amount RDA. Such a situation is not preferable from the viewpoint of adjusting the power supply - demand balance in the power grid PG.

[0075] The vehicle 10 according to the first embodiment has a configuration for dealing with such a problem. Specifically, the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10 calculates a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount RDA is discharged from the power station 20 to the power system PG during the DR period (for example, the period P4a) according to the requested discharge amount RDA. This predicted voltage is also referred to as a "first predicted voltage." Then, when the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the DR period as follows. That is, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA to be output during the DR period lower than the requested discharge amount RDA so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage. The above calculation process and setting process are executed during the period P3 (FIG. 3).

[0076] When the set value SV1 is set as described above, the system voltage is prevented from exceeding the upper limit voltage during the DR period. This prevents the amount of discharged power PDA from the power stand 20 to the power system PG from being limited during the DR period. As a result, the power system PG can be protected while contributing to the adjustment of the power supply and demand balance.

[0077] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a voltage fluctuation model for predicting how the predicted value of the grid voltage fluctuates depending on the amount of output power of the power stand 20. As shown in FIG.

[0078] 6, the horizontal axis represents a set value SV1 of the amount of output power of the power station 20 over a predetermined period. A negative value of the amount of output power represents the amount of discharge power when external discharging of the vehicle 10 is performed (range R1, R2). On the other hand, a positive value of the amount of output power represents the amount of charge power when external charging of the vehicle 10 is performed (range R3, R4).

[0079] The vertical axis represents the system voltage. The voltage VN is the current system voltage when the amount of output power of the power station 20 is zero. The voltage VN is acquired by the ECU 18 in accordance with a detection value of a voltage sensor of the power station 20. In this example, the voltage VN is lower than the upper limit voltage UL and higher than the lower limit voltage LM.

[0080] Before the DR period arrives, the ECU 18 sequentially changes the set value SV1 of the amount of output power (amount of discharged power or amount of charged power) of the power stand 20 over a predetermined period to a value other than 0. For example, the ECU 18 changes the set value SV1 at predetermined time intervals so that the set value SV1 becomes -a1, -a2, -a3, ... (omitted) ..., +a3, +a2, +a1 (a1>a2>a3>0).

[0081] Then, the ECU 18 acquires from the power stand 20 at predetermined time intervals a detection value of the system voltage when an output power amount of the set value SV1 is output from the power stand 20 for a predetermined time (i.e., when an amount of power of the set value SV1 is discharged from the power stand 20 to the power system PG, or when an amount of power of the set value SV1 is supplied from the power stand 20 to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20). The ECU 18 performs sampling of combinations of the set value SV1 and the detection values ​​of the system voltage (coordinates of a plurality of points P) according to the acquired results. The ECU 18 repeatedly performs sampling until the number of points P reaches a predetermined number (e.g., 100). When the number of points P reaches the predetermined number, the sampling is completed. The ECU 18 stores the sampling results in a built-in memory.

[0082] The ECU 18 creates a relationship between the amount of output power of the power stand 20 and the predicted voltage of the grid voltage, using the coordinates of the multiple points P. In this example, the ECU 18 creates the above-mentioned voltage fluctuation model by calculating a linear approximation that represents this relationship using the least squares method (line 700).

[0083] The ECU 18 calculates the first predicted voltage according to the required value of the output power amount using the model of the line 700. In this example, since the required value of the output power amount is the required power amount RA1 as the required discharge amount RDA, the ECU 18 calculates the first predicted voltage PV1 according to the required power amount RA1. The first predicted voltage PV1 calculated in this manner exceeds the upper limit voltage UL (is higher than the upper limit voltage UL by the difference ΔV1).

[0084] ECU18 predicts that according to the calculation result of the first predicted voltage PV1, when the required power amount RA1 (required discharge amount RDA) is discharged from the power station 20 to the power grid PG during the target unit DR period, the discharge power amount PDA of the power station 20 will be limited (periods P4b and P4c in FIG. 5).

[0085] Based on this prediction result, ECU18 outputs the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the DR period is lower than the upper limit voltage UL. In this example, ECU18 uses the model of line 700 to output the set value SV1A as the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA according to the second predicted voltage PV2 (<UL).

[0086] The second predicted voltage PV2 is, for example, a voltage that is lower than the upper limit voltage UL by a predetermined value, which is appropriately predetermined in advance and stored in the memory of ECU18.

[0087] The set value SV1A is a value within the range R2 where the output power amount is within the range between 0 and the threshold value THV1. The threshold value THV1 is calculated according to the upper limit voltage UL using the model of line 700.

[0088] In this way, ECU18 predicts the grid voltage using a voltage fluctuation model such as the model of line 700. Thereby, the first predicted voltage PV1 can be calculated accurately. Furthermore, the set value SV1 (SV1A) of the discharge power amount PDA output during the DR period can be made appropriate.

[0089] In the above description, when the vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external discharge, the set value SV1 is output as a value within the range R2. On the other hand, when the vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external charging, that is, when power is supplied from the power grid PG to the power storage device 11 through the power station 20, the set value SV1 is output as a value within the range R3 (details will be described later).

[0090] Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by the ECU 18 to create a voltage fluctuation model. This flowchart shows in detail the process of step S105 (described later) in Fig. 8, which is executed before the DR period arrives. At the start of this flowchart, the set value SV1 of the output power amount of the power stand 20 is set to 0. In the following description, Fig. 6 will be referred to as appropriate.

[0091] 7, the ECU 18 changes the set value SV1 of the amount of output power of the power station 20 from the current set value (eg, 0) (eg, to a1, a2 or a3) (step S1052).

[0092] Next, the ECU 18 acquires the detection value of the system voltage when the amount of output power having the changed set value SV1 is output from the power stand 20 for a predetermined period of time (step S1054).

[0093] Next, the ECU 18 stores the combination of the set value SV1 and the detected value of the grid voltage as the coordinates of the point P (FIG. 6) in the built-in memory (step S1055).

[0094] Next, the ECU 18 determines whether or not sampling required for creating a voltage fluctuation model has been completed (step S1056). In this example, it is determined whether or not the number of points P acquired in the sampling has reached a predetermined number. If the sampling has not been completed (NO in step S1056), the ECU 18 returns the process to step S1052. On the other hand, if the sampling has been completed (YES in step S1056), the ECU 18 proceeds to step S1058.

[0095] Next, the ECU 18 creates a voltage fluctuation model that indicates the relationship between the output power amount of the power stand 20 and the system voltage (step S1058). The output power amount is the amount of discharged power in this example, but may be the amount of charged power. The voltage fluctuation model is, for example, a model of the line 700. After step S1058, the process of creating the voltage fluctuation model ends.

[0096] Fig. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by the ECU 18 to adjust the power supply balance in the first embodiment. The process of this flowchart is started when the ECU 18 transmits an approval signal S11 to the server 200 in response to receiving a DR request signal S1. The process of this flowchart is executed when the vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external discharging. In the following description, Fig. 6 will be referred to as appropriate.

[0097] 8, the ECU 18 creates a model for predicting the grid voltage (step S105). More specifically, the ECU 18 executes the processes of steps S1052 to S1058 in FIG.

[0098] Next, the ECU 18 calculates a first predicted voltage for the target DR period according to the required discharge amount RDA included in the DR request signal S1 (step S110). More specifically, the ECU 18 calculates the first predicted voltage for each unit DR period constituting the target DR period by using the model of the line 700.

[0099] Next, the ECU 18 determines whether or not the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage UL for the unit DR period to be processed (step S115). If the first predicted voltage is equal to or lower than the upper limit voltage UL (NO in step S115), the ECU 18 sets the setting value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the unit DR period to the required discharge amount RDA (step S125), and proceeds to step S127.

[0100] On the other hand, if the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage UL (YES in step S115), for example, if the first predicted voltage is the first predicted voltage PV1 (Figure 6), ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the unit DR period to be processed to the set value SV1A (Figure 6) using the model of line 700 (step S120).

[0101] Next, the ECU 18 determines whether there is still another unit DR period to be processed (step S127). If there is still another unit DR period to be processed (YES in step S127), the ECU 18 returns to the process in step S115 to output the set value SV1 for that unit DR period. On the other hand, if there is no other unit DR period to be processed (NO in step S127), the ECU 18 proceeds to the process in step S130.

[0102] Next, the ECU 18 determines whether the DR period has arrived (step S130). If the DR period has not arrived (NO in step S130), the ECU 18 executes this determination process until the DR period arrives. On the other hand, if the DR period has arrived (YES in step S130), the ECU 18 proceeds to step S135.

[0103] Next, the ECU 18 participates in the DR by outputting a set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA to the power stand 20 for each unit DR period (step S135). This set value SV1 differs depending on whether the process of step S120 or S125 has been executed for that unit DR period. After the process of step S135, the series of processes in FIG. 8 ends.

[0104] Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a transition over time of the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA that is set by the ECU 18 in the first embodiment. In the following description, Figs. 4 and 5 will be referred to as appropriate.

[0105] 9, a line 615 indicates a transition over time of the set value SV2 of the discharge power PD that is set by the ECU 18 in the first embodiment. This transition is determined by the ECU 18 (steps S120 to S130 in FIG. 8) before the DR period arrives (during period P3 in FIG. 3).

[0106] If the discharge power PD of the required value RD1 continues to be temporarily discharged from the power station 20 to the power grid PG as in the comparative example (Fig. 5) during the period P4a, it is predicted that the system voltage will exceed the upper limit voltage UL immediately after the arrival of the time ta.

[0107] Therefore, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV2 of the discharge power PD during the period P4a as a set value SV2A less than the required value RD1. And the set value SV1 of the discharge energy PDA during the period P4a is output as a set value SV14a less than the required discharge energy RDA4a. When the set value SV1 of the discharge energy PDA is output in this way, the discharge energy PDA to the power grid PG during the period P4a decreases compared to the comparative example. As a result, a situation where the system voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage UL immediately after the arrival of the time ta is prevented.

[0108] Similarly, the set value SV2 of the discharge power PD during the period P4b is output as a set value SV2B less than the required value RD2 (SV2B < RD2). The set value SV1 of the discharge energy PDA during the period P4b is also output as a set value SV14b less than the discharge energy PDA4b (Fig. 5). In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the system voltage is equal to or lower than the upper limit voltage UL during the period P4b. Therefore, a situation where the discharge power PD and the discharge energy PDA are restricted as in the comparative example is prevented.

[0109] In this example, the set value SV1 (SV14c) of the discharge energy PDA during the period P4c is output to be equal to the required discharge energy RDA4c. It is assumed that the discharge power PD and the discharge energy PDA are not restricted even during the period P4c.

[0110] In the first embodiment, the total discharge power amount discharged from the power station 20 to the power system PG during the period P4, which is the DR period, is the sum of the set values ​​SV14a, SV14b, and SV14c. This total discharge power amount is greater than the total discharge power amount (the sum of the discharge power amounts PDA4a, PDA4b, and PDA4c) in the comparative example (FIG. 5), and is close to the requested total discharge power amount (the sum of the requested discharge amounts RDA4a, RDA4b, and RDA4c in FIG. 4). Thus, in the embodiment, although the vehicle 10 cannot completely achieve the requested total discharge power amount, it can contribute more to adjusting the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG than in the comparative example. Furthermore, since the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA (the set value SV2 of the discharge power) is output so that the system voltage does not exceed the upper limit voltage UL, it is possible to prevent the power system PG from becoming unstable. [First Modification of First Embodiment] In the first embodiment, the case has been mainly described in which the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA in order to prevent the grid voltage from exceeding the upper limit voltage.

[0111] In this first modification, a case in which the ECU 18 outputs a set value SV1 of the amount of charging energy of the power storage device 11 during the DR period in order to prevent the system voltage from falling below the lower limit voltage LM will be described in detail.

[0112] 10 is a diagram showing a transition over time of the charge energy PCA when the charge energy PCA of the power storage device 11 during the DR period is limited. This example is a comparative example in which the ECU 18 does not execute the process described below.

[0113] 10, a line 705 indicates a change over time in the requested value of the charging power PC. A line 710 indicates a change over time in the charging power PC when the charging power PC is limited.

[0114] During period P4a, the charging power PC of the required value RC1 continues to be supplied from the power grid PG to the energy storage device 11 through the power station 20. In this example, the grid voltage during period P4a until time ta arrives is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM. Therefore, during period P4a, the charging power amount PCA from the power station 20 to the energy storage device 11 is not restricted. As a result, the charging power amount PCA during period P4a is the charging power amount PCA4a equal to the required charging amount. And in this example, it is assumed that immediately after time ta arrives, the grid voltage drops below the lower limit voltage LM.

[0115] Therefore, during period P4b after time ta, due to the protection function of the power grid PG by the power station 20, the charging power PC of the power station 20 is restricted to a charging power PC4 that is much less than the required value RC2 (PC4 << RC2). As a result, the charging power amount PCA during period P4b is restricted to a charging power amount PCA4b that is much less than the required charging amount.

[0116] And in this example, even during period P4c after period P4b, the charging power PC remains restricted to a charging power PC4 that is much less than the required value RC3 (PC4 << RC3). As a result, similar to the case of period P4b, the charging power amount PCA during period P4c remains restricted to a charging power amount PCA4c that is much less than the required charging amount.

[0117] Thus, in the comparative example, there is a possibility that the charging power amount PCA supplied from the power grid PG to the energy storage device 11 through the power station 20 during the DR period becomes much less than the required charging amount. Such a situation is not preferable from the viewpoint of adjusting the power supply - demand balance in the power grid PG.

[0118] The vehicle 10 according to the first modification has a configuration for dealing with such a problem. Specifically, the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10 calculates a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20 during the DR period (for example, the period P4a) according to the requested charge amount. This predicted voltage is also referred to as a "third predicted voltage." Then, when the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage LM, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the charge energy PCA during the DR period as follows. That is, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the charge energy PCA to be output during the DR period lower than the requested charge amount RCA so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage LM. The above calculation process and setting process are executed during the period P3 (FIG. 3).

[0119] With this configuration, the system voltage is prevented from falling below the lower limit voltage LM during the DR period, and thus the amount of charging power PCA supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11 through the power stand 20 during the DR period is prevented from being limited.

[0120] 11 is a diagram for specifically explaining a method for setting the set value SV1 of the charge energy amount PCA in this modification 1. Referring to FIG. 11, a line 700 is the same as that explained in FIG.

[0121] The ECU 18 calculates the third predicted voltage according to the required value of the charging energy (positive output energy) using the model of the line 700. In this example, since the required value of the charging energy is the required energy RA2 as the required charging amount RCA, the ECU 18 calculates the third predicted voltage PV3 according to the required energy RA2. The third predicted voltage PV3 calculated in this manner is lower than the lower limit voltage LM (lower than the lower limit voltage LM by the difference ΔV2).

[0122] Based on the calculation result of the third predicted voltage PV3, the ECU 18 predicts that if the required energy RA2 (required charging energy RCA) is charged to the power storage device 11 from the power system PG through the power stand 20 during the target unit DR period, the charging energy PCA of the power stand 20 will be limited (periods P4b, P4c in Figure 10).

[0123] Based on this prediction result, the ECU 18 outputs a set value SV1 of the charging energy PCA so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the DR period is higher than the lower limit voltage LM. In this example, the ECU 18 uses the model of the line 700 to output a set value SV1B as the set value SV1 of the charging energy PCA according to the fourth predicted voltage PV4 (>LM).

[0124] The fourth predicted voltage PV4 is, for example, a value that is appropriately determined in advance as a voltage that is higher than the lower limit voltage LM by a predetermined value, and is stored in the memory of the ECU 18.

[0125] The set value SV1B is a value within a range R3. The range R3 is a range between the amount of output power 0 and a threshold value THV2. The threshold value THV2 is calculated according to the lower limit voltage LM using the model of the line 700.

[0126] Fig. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by the ECU 18 to adjust the power supply balance in this modified example 1. The processing of this flowchart is started when the ECU 18 transmits an approval signal S11 to the server 200 in response to receiving a DR request signal S1. The processing of this flowchart is executed when the vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external charging. In the following description, Fig. 11 will be referred to as appropriate.

[0127] With reference to FIG. 12, the processes in steps S205, S227, and S230 are similar to the processes in steps S105, S127, and S130 (FIG. 8), respectively.

[0128] In step S210, the ECU 18 calculates a third predicted voltage for the target DR period according to the required charge amount RCA included in the DR request signal S1. More specifically, the ECU 18 calculates the third predicted voltage for each unit DR period constituting the target DR period by using the model of the line 700.

[0129] Next, the ECU 18 judges whether or not the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage LM for the unit DR period to be processed (step S215). If the third predicted voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM (NO in step S215), the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the charge energy PCA during the unit DR period to the requested charge energy RCA (step S225). On the other hand, if the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage LM (YES in step S215), the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the charge energy PCA during the unit DR period to the set value SV1B (FIG. 6) using the model of the line 700 (step S220).

[0130] In step S235 after steps S227 and S230, the ECU 18 participates in the DR by outputting a set value SV1 of the charging energy PCA to the power stand 20 for each unit DR period (step S235). This set value SV1 differs depending on whether the process of step S220 or S225 has been executed for that unit DR period. After the process of step S235, the series of processes in FIG. 12 ends.

[0131] Fig. 13 is a diagram showing a transition over time of the set value SV1 of the charging energy PCA set by the ECU 18 in this modified example 1. In the following description, Fig. 10 will be referred to as appropriate.

[0132] 13, a line 715 indicates a transition over time of the set value SV2 of the charging power PC that is set by the ECU 18 in this modification 1. This transition is predicted by the ECU 18 (steps S220 to S230 in FIG. 12) before the DR period arrives (during the period P3 in FIG. 3).

[0133] If the charging power PC of the required value RC1 continues to be temporarily charged (supplied) from the power grid PG to the energy storage device 11 through the power station 20 during the period P4a as in the comparative example (Fig. 10), it is assumed that the grid voltage will be predicted to fall below the lower limit voltage LM immediately after the arrival of the time ta.

[0134] Therefore, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV2 of the charging power PC during the period P4a to the power station 20 as a set value SV2AC less than the required value RC1. And the set value SV1 of the discharge electric energy amount PDA during the period P4a is output as a set value SVC14a less than the required discharge amount RDA4a. When the set value SV1 of the charging electric energy amount PCA is output in this way, the charging electric energy amount PCA from the power grid PG to the energy storage device 11 during the period P4a decreases compared with the comparative example. As a result, the situation where the grid voltage falls below the lower limit voltage LM immediately after the arrival of the time ta is prevented.

[0135] Similarly, the set value SV2 of the charging power PC during the period P4b is output as a set value SV2BC less than the required value RC2 (SV2BC < RC2). The set value SV1 of the charging electric energy amount PCA during the period P4b is also output as a set value SVC14b less than the charging electric energy amount PCA4b (Fig. 10). In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the grid voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM during the period P4b. Therefore, the situation where the charging power PC and the charging electric energy amount PCA are restricted as in the comparative example is prevented.

[0136] In this example, the set value SV1 (SVC14c) of the charging electric energy amount PCA during the period P4c is output to be equal to the required charging amount RCA4c. It is assumed that the charging power PC and the charging electric energy amount PCA are not restricted even during the period P4c.

[0137] In the first embodiment, the total amount of charging energy charged (supplied) from the power system PG through the power station 20 to the power storage device 11 during the period P4, which is the DR period, is the sum of the set values ​​SVC14a, SVC14b, and SVC14c. This total amount of charging energy is greater than the total amount of charging energy (the sum of the amounts of charging energy PCA4a, PCA4b, and PCA4c) in the comparative example (FIG. 10), and is close to the requested total amount of charging energy (the area between the line 705 and the horizontal axis in FIG. 10). Thus, in the embodiment, although the vehicle 10 cannot completely achieve the requested total amount of charging energy, it can contribute more to adjusting the balance of power supply and demand in the power system PG than in the comparative example. Furthermore, the set value SV1 of the amount of charging energy PCA (the set value SV2 of charging power) is output so that the system voltage does not fall below the lower limit voltage LM, so that the power system PG can be prevented from becoming unstable. [Modification 2 of the First Embodiment] In the first embodiment and its first modification, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 to a value different from the requested value (requested discharge amount RDA or requested charge amount RCA) during a period P3 (FIG. 3) before the DR period. In this second modification, the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 to a value different from the requested value when a predetermined condition is met during the DR period (period P4 in FIG. 3). In this example, the predetermined condition is that the detected value of the grid voltage rises to or above a threshold voltage (first threshold voltage) lower than the upper limit voltage UL during the DR period.

[0138] FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a method for the ECU 18 to output the set value SV1 in the second modification.

[0139] The ECU 18 according to this modified example 2 calculates a first predicted voltage PV1 according to the required discharge amount RDA when the detected value of the grid voltage rises to or exceeds a threshold voltage THV1 that is lower than the upper limit voltage UL during the DR period (starts calculation of the first predicted voltage PV1). Then, when the first predicted voltage PV1 calculated in this way exceeds the upper limit voltage UL, the ECU 18 executes a setting process to set a set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA to be output after the detected value rises to or exceeds the threshold voltage THV1 to a set value SV1A lower than the required discharge amount RDA. This setting process is a process to output the set value SV1 so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage after the detected value rises to or exceeds the threshold voltage THV1 becomes a second predicted voltage PV2 that is lower than the upper limit voltage UL.

[0140] With this configuration, the first predicted voltage PV1 is not calculated until the detection value of the grid voltage rises to or above the threshold voltage THV1. This makes it possible to reduce the processing load on the ECU 18 associated with the calculation of the first predicted voltage PV1 (for example, the load required for the processing in FIG. 7 for creating the model of the line 700). This makes it possible to avoid a situation in which the grid voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage UL after the detection value rises to or above the threshold voltage THV1.

[0141] The above-mentioned predetermined condition may be that the detection value of the grid voltage falls below a threshold voltage (second threshold voltage) higher than the lower limit voltage LM during the DR period. That is, when the detection value of the grid voltage falls below a threshold voltage THV2 higher than the lower limit voltage LM during the DR period, the ECU 18 may calculate a third predicted voltage PV3 according to the required charging amount RCA (may start calculating the third predicted voltage PV3). Then, when the third predicted voltage PV3 calculated in this way is below the lower limit voltage LM, the ECU 18 may set the set value SV1 of the charging energy PCA to be output after the detection value falls below the threshold voltage THV2 to a set value SV1B lower than the required charging amount RCA. This setting process is a process of outputting the set value SV1 so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage after the detection value falls below the threshold voltage THV2 becomes a fourth predicted voltage PV4 higher than the lower limit voltage LM.

[0142] With this configuration, the third predicted voltage PV3 is not calculated until the detection value of the grid voltage falls below the threshold voltage THV2. This reduces the processing load on the ECU 18 associated with the calculation of the third predicted voltage PV3. Furthermore, it is possible to avoid a situation in which the grid voltage falls below the lower limit voltage LM after the detection value falls below the threshold voltage THV2.

[0143] Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a transition over time of the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA set by the ECU 18 according to this modified example 2. In the following description, Fig. 14 will be referred to as appropriate.

[0144] 15, a line 620 indicates the change over time of the set value SV2 of the discharge power PD in the second modification.

[0145] During the period P4a, the ECU 18 outputs a set value SV2 of the discharge power PD that is equal to the required value RD1 of the discharge power PD to the power station 20. Then, the ECU 18 outputs to the power station 20 a set value SV1 (SV14a) of the amount of discharge power PDA that is equal to the required amount of discharge RDA.

[0146] During a period P4ba of the period P4b, the ECU 18 outputs a set value SV2 of the discharge power PD, which is equal to the required value RD2 of the discharge power PD, to the power stand 20. During this period, the discharge power amount PDA of the set value SV14ba is discharged from the power stand 20 to the power grid PG. Then, at time tab, the grid voltage rises to or exceeds the threshold voltage THV1.

[0147] At time tab, the ECU 18 calculates a first predicted voltage in accordance with the required discharge amount RDA (= PD2 × TI). Specifically, the ECU 18 creates a model of line 700 (executes the process of FIG. 7) and calculates the first predicted voltage using line 700. In this example, it is assumed that the first predicted voltage PV1 exceeds the upper limit voltage UL. The ECU 18 outputs this set value SV2 such that the set value SV2 of the discharge power PD to be output during the period P4bb after time tab becomes equal to the discharge power PD5 (< RD2). Then, the set value SV14bb is output to the power stand 20 as the set value SV1 of the discharge electric energy amount PDA during the period P4bb. The set value SV14bb is lower than the required discharge amount during the period P4bb (the multiplication value of the length of the period P4bb (tb - tab) and the required value RD2).

[0148] During the subsequent period P4c, in this example, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 (SV14c) of the discharge electric energy amount PDA to be equal to the required discharge amount RDA4c, similar to the case of FIG. 9.

[0149] FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of the process executed by the ECU 18 to adjust the power supply balance in this modification 2. The process of this flowchart starts when the ECU 18 receives the DR request signal S1 and transmits the approval signal S11 to the server 200 in response. The process of this flowchart is executed while the vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external discharge during a certain unit DR period. In the following description, FIG. 15 is appropriately referred to.

[0150] Referring to FIG. 16, the processes of steps S305 to S325 are the same as the processes of steps S105 to S125 (FIG. 8), respectively.

[0151] In step S302, ECU 18 determines whether the detected value of the grid voltage has risen to or above threshold voltage THV1. If the detected value of the grid voltage is less than threshold voltage THV1 (NO in step S302), ECU 18 executes this determination process until the detected value of the grid voltage rises to or above threshold voltage THV1. On the other hand, if the detected value of the grid voltage has risen to or above threshold voltage THV1 (YES in step S302), the process proceeds to step S305. Thereafter, the processes of steps S305 to S325 are executed.

[0152] In step S332, the ECU 18 determines whether the target unit DR period (i.e., the unit DR period in which the detected value of the grid voltage has risen to or above the threshold voltage THV1) has ended, according to the above-mentioned contract information (step S332). If the target unit DR period has not ended (NO in step S332), the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 of step S320 or S325 to the power stand 20 and returns the process to step S315. On the other hand, if the target unit DR period has ended (YES in step S332), the ECU 18 ends the process of FIG. 16.

[0153] [Embodiment 2] In the first embodiment and its second modification, the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10 predicts whether the grid voltage during the DR period will exceed the upper limit voltage UL during the period P3 or P4 (FIG. 3). Then, the ECU 18 outputs the set value SV1 to a value different from the requested value (requested discharge amount RDA) from the server 200 of the aggregator according to the above prediction result.

[0154] In the second embodiment, the set value SV1 is set by the processing device 201 of the server 200 of the aggregator instead of the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10 as follows.

[0155] The server 200 (processing device 201) predicts whether or not the system voltage during the DR period will exceed the upper limit voltage UL during the period P1 (FIG. 3), according to the total adjustment power amount TAP requested by the server 300 of the power company.

[0156] For example, when n (n≧1) vehicles 10 are able to participate in DR, the server 200 calculates the required discharge amount of each of the n vehicles 10 (required discharge amount of each power station 20) according to the total adjustment power amount TAP. As an example, this required discharge amount is a value obtained by dividing the total adjustment power amount TAP by n.

[0157] Then, the server 200 calculates a predicted voltage (first predicted voltage) of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount is discharged to the power system PG from the power stand 20 connected to the vehicle 10 according to the requested discharge amount. When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, the server 200 sets a setting value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA during the DR period lower than the requested discharge amount RDA so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage UL.

[0158] With this configuration, like the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent the discharge power amount PDA during the DR period from being limited.

[0159] Fig. 17 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by server 200 according to the second embodiment. The process of this flowchart is started when server 200 receives an adjustment request signal S0 from server 300 of the electric power company. The process of this flowchart is executed when vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external discharging. In the following description, Figs. 6, 8, and 9 will be referred to as appropriate.

[0160] 17, steps S310 to S327 are similar to steps S110 to S127 (FIG. 8) except that they are executed by the processing device 201 of the server 200 instead of the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10, respectively.

[0161] In step S303, the server 200 requests the vehicle 10 to create a model (e.g., a model of the line 700) for predicting the grid voltage. The server 200 randomly selects the vehicle 10 for which the server 200 requests the creation of the model from, for example, n vehicles 10. In response to this request, the ECU 18 of the selected vehicle 10 creates the model and transmits it to the server 200 via the communication device 13.

[0162] Next, the server 200 receives the model from the selected vehicle 10 (step S304). After that, the processes of steps S310 to S327 are executed, and the process proceeds to step S332.

[0163] Next, the server 200 transmits a discharge plan indicating a temporal change in the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA (for example, information indicating the line 615 in FIG. 9) to the vehicle 10 (step S332). This discharge plan is created by the server 200 and is transmitted from the server 200 to the vehicle 10 as information included in the DR request signal S1.

[0164] [Modification of the second embodiment] In the second embodiment, a case has been mainly described in which the server 200 outputs the setting value SV1 of the amount of discharged power PDA in order to prevent the grid voltage from exceeding the upper limit voltage.

[0165] In this modification, a case in which the server 200 outputs the set value SV1 of the amount of charging energy PCA of the power storage device 11 during the DR period in order to prevent the system voltage from falling below the lower limit voltage LM will be described in detail.

[0166] Specifically, the server 200 (processing device 201) calculates a required charging amount of the vehicle 10 (of the power station 20 connected to the vehicle 10) according to the total adjustment power amount TAP during the period P1, and calculates a third predicted voltage according to the required charging amount. Then, when the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage LM, the server 200 sets a set value SV1 of the charging power amount PCA during the DR period lower than the required charging amount so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the DR period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage LM.

[0167] That is, this modification differs from the first modification of the first embodiment in that the processing executed by the ECU 18 during the period P3 in the first modification of the first embodiment is executed by the server 200 during the period P1.

[0168] 18 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by the server 200 to adjust the power supply balance in the modification of the second embodiment. The process of this flowchart is started when the aggregator server 200 receives an adjustment request signal S0 from the power company server 300. The process of this flowchart is executed when the vehicle 10 participates in DR by performing external charging.

[0169] With reference to FIG. 18, the processes in steps S403, S404, and S427 are similar to the processes in steps S303, S304, and S327 (FIG. 17), respectively.

[0170] In step S410, the server 200 calculates a third predicted voltage for the target DR period according to the required charge amount calculated based on the adjustment request signal S0 (step S410). More specifically, the server 200 calculates the third predicted voltage for each unit DR period constituting the target DR period by using the model of the line 700.

[0171] Next, the server 200 judges whether or not the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage LM for the unit DR period to be processed (step S415). If the third predicted voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM (NO in step S415), the server 200 sets the set value SV1 of the charge energy PCA during the unit DR period to the requested charge energy RCA (step S425). On the other hand, if the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage LM (YES in step S415), the ECU 18 sets the set value SV1 of the charge energy PCA during the unit DR period to (for example, the set value SV1B in FIG. 14) using the model of the line 700 (step S420). After the processes of steps S420 and S425, the process proceeds to step S427.

[0172] In step S432 after step S427, server 200 transmits a charging plan indicating a temporal change in set value SV1 of charging energy amount PCA to vehicle 10 (step S432). This charging plan is, for example, information indicating line 715 (FIG. 13), but differs from the first modification of the first embodiment in that it is created by server 200 instead of ECU 18. After step S432, the series of processes in FIG. 18 ends.

[0173] [Embodiment 3] Referring again to FIG. 1, the server 200 may set the discharge power amount PDA of the vehicle 10 (in this example, vehicle 10A in FIG. 1) during the DR period to the required discharge amount RDA, while requesting a vehicle other than the vehicle 10 (in this example, vehicle 10B) to perform external charging (may send a signal to vehicle 10B to request external charging).

[0174] Specifically, the server 200 (more specifically, the processing device 201) calculates a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested discharge amount RDA is discharged from the power storage device 11A (first power storage device) of the vehicle 10A to the power system PG during the DR period, according to the requested discharge amount RDA. When the first predicted voltage calculated in this way exceeds the upper limit voltage, the server 200 requests the vehicle 10B to charge the power storage device 11B (second power storage device) using the power stand 20B during the DR period. Then, the server 200 outputs a setting value of the amount of charging power of the power storage device 11B during the DR period so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period becomes a second predicted voltage PV2 lower than the upper limit voltage UL.

[0175] With this configuration, during the DR period, the required discharge amount RDA can be discharged from the power storage device 11A to the power system PG while preventing the system voltage from exceeding the upper limit voltage UL. This makes it possible to achieve the required discharge amount RDA of the vehicle 10A during the DR period while preventing the discharge power amount PDA (discharge power PD) from the power stand 20A to the power system PG from being limited.

[0176] 19 is a flowchart showing an example of a process executed by the server 200 according to the third embodiment. The process of this flowchart is started when the server 200 of the aggregator receives an adjustment request signal S0 from the server 300 of the electric power company. The process of this flowchart is executed when the vehicle 10A participates in DR by performing external discharging.

[0177] With reference to FIG. 19, the processes in steps S503, S504, and S525 are similar to the processes in steps S303, S304, and S325 (FIG. 17), respectively.

[0178] In step S510, the server 200 calculates a first predicted voltage for the target DR period according to the required discharge amount RDA of the power stand 20A calculated based on the adjustment request signal S0.

[0179] Next, the server 200 determines whether the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage UL (step S515). If the first predicted voltage is equal to or less than the upper limit voltage UL (NO in step S515), the process proceeds to step S525. On the other hand, if the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage UL (YES in step S515), the process proceeds to step S517. In this case, in this example, the first predicted voltage is a first predicted voltage PV1 (FIG. 14) that is higher than the upper limit voltage UL by the difference ΔV1.

[0180] Next, the server 200 requests the vehicle 10B (second vehicle) to charge the power storage device 11B (second power storage device) during the target DR period (step S517). This causes the HMI device 17 of the vehicle 10B to inquire of the user of the vehicle 10B whether or not to approve the charging of the power storage device 11B by the vehicle 10B during the target DR period. The result of this inquiry is transmitted from the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10B to the server 200 via the communication device 13.

[0181] Next, the server 200 determines whether or not the charging of the power storage device 11B by the vehicle 10B during the target DR period has been approved by the user of the vehicle 10B (step S518). Specifically, the server 200 executes this determination process according to the result of the above inquiry.

[0182] If the charging of the power storage device 11B is not approved (NO in step S518), the process proceeds to the same process as step S320 (FIG. 16). That is, the server 200 outputs the set value SV1 of the discharge energy amount PDA from the power stand 20A to the power grid PG so that the grid voltage during the DR period does not exceed the upper limit voltage UL. On the other hand, if the charging of the power storage device 11B during the target DR period is approved by the user of the vehicle 10B (YES in step S518), the process proceeds to step S522.

[0183] Next, the server 200 sets the set value SV1 of the discharge power amount PDA of the vehicle 10A to the required discharge amount RDA (step S522).

[0184] Next, the server 200 outputs a set value of the amount of charging energy for the vehicle 10B using the model of the line 700 (step S522). This set value is appropriately determined in advance as the amount of charging energy that reduces the grid voltage by the difference ΔV1 (FIG. 14) or more.

[0185] Next, the server 200 transmits a discharge plan indicating a time transition of the set value SV1 of the discharge energy amount PDA of the power station 20A to the vehicle 10A (step S532). This discharge plan is, for example, information indicating the line 605 in FIG.

[0186] Next, the server 200 transmits a charging plan indicating a time transition of a set value of the amount of charging power from the power station 20B to the power storage device 11B to the vehicle 10B (step S534). This charging plan is determined so that the predicted voltage of the power grid during the DR period is less than the upper limit voltage.

[0187] [Modification of the third embodiment] Referring again to FIG. 1, the server 200 may set the charging energy amount PCA of the vehicle 10 (in this example, vehicle 10B in FIG. 1) during the DR period to the requested charging energy amount RCA, while requesting a vehicle other than the vehicle 10 (in this example, vehicle 10A) to perform external discharging (may send a signal to vehicle 10A to request external discharging).

[0188] Specifically, the server 200 (more specifically, the processing device 201) calculates a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is charged to the power storage device 11B of the vehicle 10B, according to the requested charge amount RCA. This requested charge amount RCA is an amount of power that is requested to be supplied from the power system PG to the power storage device 11B of the vehicle 10B through the power stand 20 during the DR period. When the third predicted voltage calculated as above is below the lower limit voltage LM, the server 200 requests the vehicle 10A to discharge from the power stand 20A to the power system PG during the DR period. Then, the server 200 outputs a setting value of the amount of discharge power of the power stand 20A during the DR period so that the predicted voltage of the system voltage during the DR period becomes a fourth predicted voltage PV4 that is higher than the lower limit voltage LM.

[0189] With this configuration, during the DR period, the system voltage can be prevented from falling below the lower limit voltage LM, while the requested charge amount RCA can be charged from the power system PG through the power stand 20B to the power storage device 11B (consumed in the power system PG). This makes it possible to achieve the requested charge amount RCB of the power stand 20B during the DR period, while preventing the charge amount PCA (charging power PC) from being limited to the charge power amount PCA from the power system PG to the power storage device 11B.

[0190] 20 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by the server 200 according to this modification. The processing of this flowchart is started when the server 200 receives an adjustment request signal S0 from the server 300 of the electric power company. The processing of this flowchart is executed when the vehicle 10B participates in DR by performing external charging.

[0191] 20, the processes in steps S603 and S604 are similar to those in steps S503 and S504 (FIG. 19), respectively.

[0192] In step S610, the server 200 calculates a third predicted voltage for the target DR period according to the required charge amount RCA of the power stand 20B calculated based on the adjustment request signal S0.

[0193] Next, the server 200 determines whether the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage LM (step S615). If the third predicted voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage LM (NO in step S615), the server 200 sets the setting value SV1 of the charging energy amount PCA of the power station 20 to the requested charging amount RCA (step S625). On the other hand, if the third predicted voltage is below the lower limit voltage LM (YES in step S615), the process proceeds to step S616. In this case, in this example, the third predicted voltage is the third predicted voltage PV3 (FIG. 14) that is lower than the lower limit voltage LM by the difference ΔV2.

[0194] Next, the server 200 requests the vehicle 10A (first vehicle) to discharge the power storage device 11A (first power storage device) to the power grid PG during the target DR period (step S616). This causes the HMI device 17 of the vehicle 10A to inquire of the user of the vehicle 10A whether or not to approve the discharge of the power storage device 11A by the vehicle 10A during the target DR period. The result of this inquiry is transmitted from the ECU 18 of the vehicle 10A to the server 200 via the communication device 13.

[0195] Next, the server 200 determines whether or not the discharge of the power storage device 11A by the vehicle 10A during the target DR period has been approved by the user of the vehicle 10A (step S619). Specifically, the server 200 executes this determination process according to the result of the above inquiry.

[0196] If the charging of the power storage device 11A is not approved (NO in step S619), the process proceeds to the same process as step S420 (FIG. 18). That is, the server 200 outputs the set value SV1 of the amount of charging energy PCA from the power system PG to the power storage device 11B through the power stand 20B so that the system voltage during the DR period does not fall below the lower limit voltage LM. On the other hand, if the charging of the power storage device 11A during the target DR period is approved by the user of the vehicle 10A (YES in step S619), the process proceeds to step S622.

[0197] Next, the server 200 sets the set value SV1 of the charging energy amount PCA of the vehicle 10B to the requested charging amount RCA (step S622).

[0198] Next, the server 200 outputs a set value of the amount of discharged power of the power station 20A using the model of the line 700 (step S624). This set value is, for example, appropriately determined in advance as the amount of discharged power that increases the grid voltage by the difference ΔV2 (FIG. 14) or more.

[0199] Next, the server 200 transmits a discharge plan indicating a time transition of a set value of the discharge power amount of the power station 20A to the vehicle 10A (step S632). This discharge plan is determined so that the predicted voltage of the power grid during the DR period is higher than the lower limit voltage LM.

[0200] Next, server 200 transmits a charging plan indicating a change over time in set value SV1 of the amount of charging energy PCA from power station 20B to power storage device 11B to vehicle 10B (step S634). This charging plan is, for example, information indicating line 705 in FIG.

[0201] [Other variations] In the above-described first to third embodiments and the modified examples thereof, vehicle 10 is not equipped with a discharge device, but such an on-board discharge device may be installed between inlet 16 and power storage device 11 (all shown in FIG. 2). That is, vehicle 10 may be configured to discharge the power of power storage device 11 to the power grid PG through the on-board discharge device and power stand 20. When vehicle 10 is configured in this manner, the "discharge device" in the present disclosure corresponds to the on-board discharge device and power stand 20.

[0202] Similarly, in the above-mentioned first to third embodiments and the modified examples thereof, vehicle 10 is not equipped with a charging device, but such an on-board charging device may be equipped between inlet 16 and power storage device 11. That is, vehicle 10 may be configured to charge (supply power to) power storage device 11 from power system PG through power stand 20 and on-board charging device. When vehicle 10 is configured in this manner, the "charging device" in the present disclosure corresponds to the on-board charging device and power stand 20. The on-board charging device may be the same as the above-mentioned on-board discharging device.

[0203] In the above description, an example has been given in which "energy adjustment" is performed by DR. In contrast, "energy adjustment" may be performed, for example, by power transfer (power selling, power buying, etc.) between the vehicle 10 and a power company. [Explanation of symbols]

[0204] 1 Power conditioning system, 10, 10A, 10B, 10C Vehicle, 11, 11A, 11B, 11C Power storage device, 20, 20A, 20B, 20C Power stand, 200, 300 Server, 201, 301 Processing device, 202, 302 Storage device, LM Lower limit voltage, PG Power system, RCA, RCA4c, RCB Required charge amount, RDA, RDA4a, RDA4b, RDA4c Required discharge amount, UL Upper limit voltage.

Claims

1. A vehicle capable of participating in energy regulation in a power grid, A power storage device; a control device that controls a discharge device that is connected to the power grid and configured to discharge power from the power storage device to the power grid; A period during which the energy adjustment is performed is defined as an energy adjustment period, an amount of power discharged from the discharge device is defined as a discharged power amount, an amount of power required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period is defined as a required discharge amount, and a voltage at which the amount of discharged power is limited to protect the power system when a system voltage that is the voltage of the power system is exceeded is defined as an upper limit voltage. The control device includes: calculating a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the grid voltage when the required discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the required discharge amount; When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, a set value of the amount of discharge power to be output during the energy adjustment period is set lower than the required discharge amount so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage.

2. Before the energy adjustment period arrives, the control device creating a model showing a relationship between the discharge power amount and a predicted voltage of the grid voltage; Calculating the first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount using the model; The vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising: a power supply for supplying the power to the vehicle;

3. the discharge device is further configured to be capable of charging the power storage device using electric power from the power grid, When an amount of power supplied from the power grid through the discharge device to the power storage device is defined as a charging power amount, an amount of power requested to be supplied from the power grid to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period is defined as a requested charging amount, and a voltage below which the charging power amount is limited when the system voltage is defined as a lower limit voltage, The control device includes: calculating a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power grid to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount; When the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage, 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a set value of the amount of charging energy to be output during the energy adjustment period is set lower than the requested charging amount so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage.

4. A vehicle capable of participating in energy regulation in a power grid, A power storage device; a control device that controls a discharge device that is connected to the power grid and configured to discharge power from the power storage device to the power grid; A period during which the energy adjustment is performed is defined as an energy adjustment period, an amount of power discharged from the discharge device is defined as a discharged power amount, an amount of power required to be discharged during the energy adjustment period is defined as a required discharge amount, and a voltage at which the amount of discharged power is limited to protect the power system when a system voltage that is the voltage of the power system is exceeded is defined as an upper limit voltage. the control device calculates a first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount when the detection value of the grid voltage rises to or above a threshold voltage lower than the upper limit voltage during the energy adjustment period, the first predicted voltage being a predicted voltage of the grid voltage when the required discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period; The control device further comprises: When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, A setting process is executed to set a set value of the amount of discharge power to be output after the detection value has increased to or above the threshold voltage lower than the required amount of discharge; The setting process outputs the set value so that a predicted voltage of the grid voltage after the detected value has increased to or above the threshold voltage becomes a second predicted voltage that is lower than the upper limit voltage.

5. A server that manages vehicles that can participate in energy adjustment in a power grid, The vehicle includes a power storage device. The server, A storage device; a processing device for executing a program stored in the storage device, A period during which the energy adjustment is performed is defined as an energy adjustment period, an amount of power discharged from a discharge device that is connected to the power system and configured to discharge power of the power storage device to the power system is defined as a discharged power amount, an amount of power that is requested to be discharged during the energy adjustment period is defined as a requested discharge amount, and a voltage at which the discharged power amount is limited to protect the power system when a system voltage that is the voltage of the power system is exceeded is defined as an upper limit voltage, The processing device includes: calculating a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the grid voltage when the required discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the required discharge amount; When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, The server sets a set value of the amount of discharge power during the energy adjustment period lower than the requested amount of discharge power so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a second predicted voltage lower than the upper limit voltage.

6. Before the energy adjustment period occurs, the processing device: calculating the first predicted voltage according to the required discharge amount by using a model indicating a relationship between the discharge power amount and the predicted voltage of the grid voltage; The server of claim 5 , further comprising: a controller configured to output the setpoint in accordance with the second predicted voltage using the model.

7. the discharge device is further configured to be capable of charging the power storage device using electric power from the power grid, When an amount of power supplied from the power grid through the discharge device to the power storage device is defined as a charging power amount, an amount of power requested to be supplied from the power grid to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period is defined as a requested charging amount, and a voltage below which the charging power amount is limited when the system voltage is defined as a lower limit voltage, The processing device includes: calculating a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power grid to the power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount; When the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage, 7. The server according to claim 5, wherein a set value of the charging energy amount during the energy adjustment period is set lower than the requested charging amount so that a predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a fourth predicted voltage higher than the lower limit voltage.

8. A server that manages a plurality of vehicles that can participate in energy adjustment in a power grid, a first vehicle among the plurality of vehicles includes a first power storage device; a second vehicle among the plurality of vehicles includes a second power storage device; The server, A storage device; a processing device for executing a program stored in the storage device, a period during which the energy adjustment is performed is defined as an energy adjustment period, an amount of power discharged from a discharging device connected to the power system and configured to discharge power of the first storage device to the power system is defined as a discharged power amount, an amount of power supplied from the power system to the second storage device through a charging device connected to the power system and configured to charge power from the power system to the second storage device is defined as a charged power amount, an amount of power requested to be discharged during the energy adjustment period is defined as a requested discharge amount, and a voltage at which the discharged power amount is limited to protect the power system when a system voltage that is the voltage of the power system is exceeded is defined as an upper limit voltage; The processing device includes: calculating a first predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the grid voltage when the required discharge amount is discharged during the energy adjustment period, according to the required discharge amount; When the first predicted voltage exceeds the upper limit voltage, requesting the second vehicle to charge the second power storage device using the charging device during the energy adjustment period; The server outputs a set value of the amount of charging energy during the energy adjustment period so that the predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the energy adjustment period becomes a second predicted voltage that is lower than the upper limit voltage.

9. When an amount of power that is requested to be supplied from the power grid through the charging device to the second power storage device during the energy adjustment period is a requested charging amount, and a voltage below which the amount of charging power is limited when the grid voltage falls below a lower limit voltage is a lower limit voltage, The processing device includes: calculating a third predicted voltage, which is a predicted voltage of the system voltage when the requested charge amount is supplied from the power grid to the second power storage device during the energy adjustment period, according to the requested charge amount; When the third predicted voltage is lower than the lower limit voltage, requesting the first vehicle to discharge from the first power storage device to the power grid using the discharge device during the energy adjustment period; The server according to claim 8 , further comprising: a setting value for the amount of discharged power during the energy adjustment period, the setting value being configured to output a fourth predicted voltage that is higher than the lower limit voltage and is the predicted voltage of the grid voltage during the energy adjustment period.

10. A vehicle capable of participating in energy regulation in a power grid; An energy adjustment system comprising: a server according to any one of claims 5 to 9.

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