Connector Assembly

Abstract

SOLUTION: An electrical connector assembly can include a plug connector and a receptacle connector that can mate together. Conductive communication between the plug and receptacle connectors is established by mating signal terminals and ground terminals contained in terminal subassemblies accommodated in each connector. To align and support the signal and ground terminals, the terminals may be part of a terminal wafer, and the terminal subassemblies can be assembled from one or more wafers. The terminal wafer may include grounding features to improve electrical characteristics and data transmission through the electrical connector assembly.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 897,006, filed September 6, 2019, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to electrical connectors, and more particularly to input / output connectors suitable for use in high data rate applications. [Background technology]

[0003] Input / Output (IO) connectors can be designed for a variety of systems, including board-to-board, wire-to-wire, and wire-to-board systems. Wire-to-board systems include free-end connectors that are attached to the wire and fixed-end connectors that are attached to the board. There is a wide range of suitable designs for each type of system, depending on the requirements and the environment in which the connector is intended to be used.

[0004] However, in applications where data rates are high and physical space is limited, several competing requirements make connector design more challenging. High data rates (data rates of 25 Gbps and above) typically use differentially coupled signal pairs, where two conductors are electrically coupled and physically arranged in pairs to transmit a differential signal. The transmitted signal is reflected by the electrical difference measured between the conductor pairs. Differential signaling helps provide greater immunity to spurious signals and electronic crosstalk, preferably maintaining sufficient spacing to avoid the creation of inadvertent signaling modes by adjacent, differentially coupled signal pairs. At the connector interface, ground terminals can be added to form a return path to electrical ground and provide shielding between the differential pairs. However, if space is an issue, it is desirable to reduce the connector pitch and place all terminals closer together (which tends to increase crosstalk).

[0005] Thus, electrical connectors are typically designed to meet both mechanical and electrical requirements. High speed or high data rate electrical connectors are often used, for example, in backplane applications that require very high conductor density and high data rates. To achieve the desired mechanical and electrical requirements, such connectors often incorporate multiple wafer assemblies having insulating webs that support multiple conductive terminals. The use of wafer assemblies is often desirable to create a structure capable of achieving the desired high data rates that is robust enough to support the desired assembly process. However, when high data rates are desired and physical space is at a minimum, the wafers must be constructed to minimize the physical footprint of the connector while maintaining adequate electrical properties for the transmission of data. The present disclosure relates to electrical connectors for application in such situations.

[0006] The foregoing background art description is intended only to assist the reader. It is not intended to limit the innovations described herein, nor to limit or extend the prior art discussed. Thus, the foregoing description should not be construed as indicating that any particular element of the prior system is not suitable for use with the innovations described herein, nor is it intended to indicate that any element is essential to practicing the innovations described herein. The implementation and application of the innovations described herein are defined by the appended claims. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present disclosure describes an electrical connector assembly for electrically interconnecting substrates such as printed circuit boards and multiple cables. The electrical connector assembly can include a plug connector that can mate with a receptacle connector. Each plug connector and receptacle connector can house a respective terminal subassembly made from multiple terminal wafers. The terminal wafer includes a conductive terminal array disposed on a non-conductive terminal support molding. The terminal array can include signal terminals and ground terminals for transmitting data signals. Each terminal can be elongated with opposing ends configured to mate or attach with a corresponding terminal in another connector or a substrate or cable, and a planar intermediate body portion can extend between the opposing ends. The signal terminals and ground terminals are typically aligned with the terminal wafer in a common array plane.

[0008] In one aspect, a terminal subassembly of either the plug or receptacle connector may be associated with a ground bar having a plurality of protruding blades that mechanically and electrically contact a plurality of ground terminals in a terminal wafer. The ground bar may be oriented perpendicular to a common array plane of the terminal array and may contact the ground terminals midway between the mating end and the mounting end. A possible advantage of connecting a ground bar between a plurality of ground terminals is that the ground bar may provide a shortened ground path that may favorably affect the electrical properties of the terminal wafer.

[0009] In another aspect, the insulator housing of the plug receptacle and the terminal subassembly therein may be movable relative to one another between a first operative position and a second operative position. In the first operative position, the mounting ends of the signal and ground terminals in the terminal array may extend below a mounting surface defined by the insulator housing to contact conductive ground pads on the board. The mounting surface of the insulator housing may be spaced above the board to facilitate soldering of the terminal mounting ends to the board. In the second operative position, the insulator housing and the terminal subassembly may be movable relative to one another such that the mounting surface is adjacent to the board and coplanar with the mounting ends of the signal and ground terminals. The cantilevered latch arm and the latch recess may cooperatively interact to function as detents for moving the insulator housing and the terminal subassembly between the first operative position and the second operative position.

[0010] In another aspect, the terminal wafer can include a ground shield that provides additional electrical grounding for the ground terminals. The ground shield can be disposed adjacent to the terminal support molding and is coextensive with the remainder of the terminal wafer. The ground shield can include a plurality of ground prongs that extend through the terminal support molding and can mechanically and electrically connect with the ground terminals in the terminal array. The ground shield can provide additional shielding for conductors that extend and terminate in the terminal wafer.

[0011] The above features and advantages of the present disclosure, as well as others, will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying drawings in which like reference numbers indicate similar elements.

[0013] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view of a connector system including a plug connector and a receptacle connector mounted on a substrate according to the present disclosure. FIG. [Diagram 2] 2 is a perspective exploded view of the connector system of FIG. 1 in an unmated state, where the plug connector is attached to a board and not mated with the receptacle connector. [Diagram 3] 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the connector system of FIG. 1 showing the plug connector and the receptacle connector mated to one another. [Figure 4] 2 is a cross-sectional assembly view of the connector system of FIG. 1 showing the plug connector unmated with the receptacle connector. [Diagram 5] 2 is a top perspective view of one embodiment of the plug connector of FIG. 1 showing a plug housing and a terminal subassembly having signal and ground terminals disposed therein; FIG. [Figure 6] 6 is a top view of the plug connector of FIG. 5 showing a plug housing having a terminal subassembly with signal terminals and ground terminals disposed therein. [Figure 7] 1 is a bottom perspective view of the plug connector showing the surface mounted tails of the signal terminals and the ground terminals extending therefrom; FIG. [Figure 8] 1 is a top perspective assembly view of the plug connector showing the opposing terminal wafers of the terminal subassembly removed from the plug housing. [Figure 9] 7 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the plug connector taken along line AA in FIG. 6, showing opposing terminal wafers of the terminal subassembly disposed within the plug housing. [Figure 10] 1 is a perspective assembly view from below of the plug connector showing the opposing terminal wafers of the terminal subassembly removed from the plug housing. [Figure 11] 7 is a cross-sectional assembly view of the plug connector taken along line AA in FIG. 6, showing the opposing terminal modules of the terminal subassembly removed from the plug housing. [Figure 12] 1 is a perspective view of a terminal wafer of a terminal subassembly of a plug connector including signal and ground terminals disposed within a terminal support molding; [Figure 13]FIG. 2 is a top view of a terminal wafer including signal and ground terminals disposed within a terminal support molding. [Figure 14] 14 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the terminal wafer taken along line AA in FIG. 13 between two signal terminals disposed within the terminal support molding. [Figure 15] 14 is a cross-sectional elevation view of the terminal wafer taken along line BB in FIG. 13 through the ground terminals disposed within the terminal support moldings. [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a perspective detailed view of a wafer edge of a terminal wafer showing signal and ground terminals disposed within terminal support molds. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a terminal wafer of a terminal subassembly showing the mechanical and electrical connections between the ground terminals and the ground bar. [Figure 18] FIG. 2 is a perspective detailed view of a wafer end of a terminal wafer of a terminal subassembly showing the mechanical and electrical connections between the ground terminals and the ground bar. [Figure 19] FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a plug connector mounted on a substrate in a first operational position. [Figure 20] FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a plug connector mounted on a substrate in a second operational position. [Figure 21] 1 is a perspective detail view of the plug connector with a portion of the plug housing removed to show a first operational position of the plug housing and terminal subassembly. [Figure 22] 1 is a perspective detail view of the plug connector with a portion of the plug housing removed to show a first operational position of the plug housing and terminal subassembly. [Figure 23] 2 is a bottom perspective view of one embodiment of the receptacle connector of FIG. 1 showing the receptacle housing and the terminal subassembly therein. [Figure 24] 1 is a top perspective assembly view of the receptacle connector showing the lower and upper housing components in an unassembled state; FIG. [Diagram 25]1 is a top perspective assembly view showing the lower housing of the receptacle connector with the terminal subassembly removed. FIG. [Figure 26] 1 is a top perspective assembly view showing a lower housing of a receptacle connector having a terminal subassembly including a first terminal wafer and a second terminal wafer. FIG. [Figure 27] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional assembly view of a lower housing of a receptacle connector having a terminal subassembly including a first terminal wafer and a second terminal wafer removed from the housing, the first terminal wafer being vertically taller than the second terminal wafer. [Figure 28] 1 is a rear perspective view of a first terminal wafer and a second terminal wafer including cable alignment structures of a terminal subassembly for a receptacle connector; FIG. [Figure 29] 1 is a front perspective view of a first terminal wafer of a receptacle connector including a terminal array having a plurality of signal and ground terminals embedded in a terminal support molding; [Diagram 30] 1 is a rear perspective view of a first terminal wafer of a receptacle connector including a terminal array having a plurality of signal and ground terminals embedded in a terminal support molding. FIG. [Diagram 31] FIG. 2 is a front perspective assembly view of the first terminal wafer including an adjacent conductive ground shield. [Diagram 32] FIG. 2 is a rear perspective assembly view of the first terminal wafer including an adjacent conductive ground shield. [Diagram 33] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a terminal array for a first terminal wafer including a plurality of signal terminals and ground terminals. [Diagram 34] 1 is a front perspective view of a second terminal wafer of a receptacle connector including a terminal array having a plurality of signal and ground terminals embedded in a terminal support molding. FIG. [Diagram 35] 1 is a rear perspective view of a second terminal wafer of a receptacle connector including a terminal array having a plurality of signal and ground terminals embedded in a terminal support molding. FIG. [Diagram 36]FIG. 13 is a front perspective assembly view of the second terminal wafer including an adjacent conductive ground shield. [Figure 37] FIG. 13 is a rear perspective assembly view of the second terminal wafer including an adjacent conductive ground shield. [Figure 38] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a terminal array for a second terminal wafer including a plurality of signal terminals and ground terminals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] 1-4, a wire-to-board connector assembly 100 is shown. The connector assembly 100 includes a plug connector 102 and a receptacle connector 104. The plug connector 102 is configured to be attached to a substrate 106, and the receptacle connector 104 is configured to terminate to a plurality of conductive cables 108. The plug connector 102 can be mated to the receptacle connector 104 to establish electrical communication between the substrate 106 and the plurality of conductive cables 108. The plug connector 102 may be positioned adjacent to a surface of the substrate 106, and the receptacle connector 104 can be positioned such that the cables 108 are oriented parallel to the substrate and approximately perpendicular to a mating or stacking direction of the plug connector 102 and the receptacle connector 104. Thus, the connector assembly 100 has an orthogonal configuration. Additionally, the vertical height of the plug connector 102 and the receptacle connector 104 can be minimized such that the connector assembly 100 maintains a low profile for spacing considerations.

[0015] The substrate 106 may be any type of substantially planar member, such as a printed circuit board, a backplane board, or a flexible circuit having conductive traces electrically connected to a plurality of conductive pads 110 on a mounting surface 112 of the substrate. As best shown in Figures 3 and 4, the plug connector 102 and the receptacle connector 104 may include a respective plurality of conductive contacts or terminals disposed therein that may be in conductive contact with one another when the plug and receptacle connectors are mated. The connector assembly 100 may be configured such that the plug connector 102 and the receptacle connector 104 are releasable to facilitate assembly and replacement of electrical components with which the plug and receptacle connectors are operatively associated.

[0016] 5-8, the plug connector 102 includes a plug housing 120 and a terminal subassembly 160. The plug housing 120 is generally rectangular and has a mating face 122 and a parallel, but opposed, spaced apart mounting face 124. When the plug connector 102 is mounted to a board, the mounting face 124 of the plug housing is adjacent to the board and the mating face 122 projects away from the board and is oriented to abut against a receptacle connector when mated. The plug housing 120 includes a pair of spaced apart, elongated side walls 126 integrally joined to a pair of spaced apart, short end walls 128 extending between the orthogonally disposed side walls to provide the rectangular shape of the plug housing 120. The side walls 126 and end walls 128 join the mating face 122 and the mounting face 124. The spaced side walls 126 and end walls 128 may be integral with one another to define an enclosure or shell that may surround and protect the terminal subassembly 160. In one embodiment, the corners formed by the intersections of the side walls 126 and end walls 128 may include a bevel, fillet, or chamfer, as shown, that may aid in mating the plug connector 102 with a receptacle connector. The plug housing 120 may be made from any suitable non-conductive material, such as molded thermoplastic, and may be referred to as a dielectric housing.

[0017] In one embodiment, the plug housing 120 may include a number of standoffs 130 associated with the mounting surface 124 and intended to contact a substrate when the plug connector 102 is mounted thereon. The standoffs 130 define a mounting plane 132 (shown in dashed lines) that is adjacent or flush with the surface of the substrate and serves as an extension of the underside of the plug housing 120. In the illustrated embodiment, the standoffs 130 may be included at four corners of the intersecting sidewalls 126 and end walls 128. The standoffs 130 may be separated from one another by one or more gaps 134 that extend laterally along the lower edges of the sidewalls 126.

[0018] As shown in FIGS. 7-9, the opening 140 may be disposed through the mounting surface 124 of the plug housing 120 at a location offset from a longitudinal centerline of the housing. The opening 140 functions to receive and secure the terminal subassembly 160 to the plug connector 102. As a result, it may be understood that the terminal subassembly 160 is disposed within the plug housing 120 offset relative to a longitudinal center of the plug housing. The opening 140 is generally rectangular and defined by spaced apart elongated side edges 142 (corresponding to the elongated side walls 126) and spaced apart short end edges 144 (corresponding to the short end walls 128) disposed orthogonally to one another. A central web 146 may extend across the opening 140 between the short edges 144 and may be spaced apart from the elongated side edges 142. The opening 140 and the spanning central web 146 may have a lateral length that extends within the lateral length of the plug housing 120. The central web 146 may separate the opening 140 into two separate sub-openings 148 that run parallel to one another and provide access to the interior of the plug housing 120 through the mounting surface 124. The central web 146 may be integrally molded as part of the plug housing 120.

[0019] To retain the terminal subassembly 160 within the plug housing 120, the plug housing may include retention structure for engaging and positioning the terminal assembly within the opening 140. For example, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the retention structure may include a plurality of ribs 150 integrally formed along the elongated side edge 142 of the opening 140. The plurality of ribs 150 may extend vertically across the height of the side edge 142 and may be spaced apart from one another. The ribs 150 may project inwardly from the side edge 142 toward the central web 146 such that they extend partially into the opening 140.

[0020] As another example shown in Figures 10 and 11, the retention structure may include a cantilevered latch arm 152 that may be located proximate to and at a short edge 144 that defines an opening 140 located in the mounting surface 124. The cantilevered latch arm 152 may extend perpendicularly from the edge 144 of the opening 140 and be cantilevered between opposing first and second support legs 154 that are integrally adjacent the end wall 128 of the plug housing 120. The cantilevered latch arm 152 may be connected to the upwardly extending support leg 154 at the top of the support leg 154 by a bridge spring 156. The bridge spring 156 may be in the form of a living hinge having resilient properties that allow for a spring-like, cantilevered deflection of the cantilevered latch arm 152.

[0021] The cantilevered latch arm 152 may be oriented generally downwardly from the bridge spring 156 toward the opening 140 and may include a barb or distal locking projection 158 at its distal end oriented into the opening 140 and away from the end edge 144. To facilitate cantilevered deflection of the latch arm 152 relative to the opening 140, the first and second support legs 154 may support the latch arm 152 in spaced relation to the end wall 128 of the plug housing 120. Thus, the downwardly directed distal locking projection 158 may be cantilevered toward and away from the end wall 128 of the plug housing 120 and relative to the opening 140 defined in the mounting surface 124. In embodiments in which the opening 140 is separated into first and second sub-openings 148 by a central web 146, each sub-opening 148 may include a cantilevered latch arm 152 supported between a pair of first and second support legs 154 such that at least two cantilevered latch arms 152 are associated with each end wall 128. In another embodiment, the cantilevered latch arms 152 and support legs 154 may be formed along the long side edges 142 of the rectangular opening 140.

[0022] 8-10, the terminal subassembly 160 may be formed from two elongated terminal modules or terminal wafers 162. In one embodiment, the terminal wafers 162 may be substantially identical to one another and may form a hermaphroditic pair that may interchangeably mate with one another when aligned in a parallel, opposed arrangement to construct the terminal subassembly 160. When installed within the plug housing 120, the terminal assembly 160 is generally positioned within the opening 140 via the mounting surface 124 with each terminal wafer 162 positioned within one of the subopenings 148 such that the terminal wafers are positioned above and may be separated by the cross web 146. Thus, as shown in FIG. 7, the plug connector 102 may have a first row or column of in-line terminal leads 164 extending transversely to the plug housing 120 and parallel to the elongated sidewall 126, and a parallel second row or column of in-line terminal legs 166. The parallel rows of in-line terminal leads 164, 166 increase the density of communication channels that can be established by the connector assembly. To mate the terminal subassembly 160 within the plug housing 120, the terminal wafer 162 can have a lateral wafer length 168 that is generally coextensive with the opening 140.

[0023] As shown in FIGS. 8-13, each terminal wafer 162 may include a conductive terminal array 170 partially disposed and supported within a non-conductive terminal support formation 172. The terminal array 170 includes a plurality of signal or data terminals 174 for conducting data signals and a plurality of ground terminals 176. The signal terminals 174 and ground terminals 176 may be disposed adjacent to one another in a parallel configuration such that the vertical extensions of the terminals are aligned within a common array plane 178. In one embodiment, the signal terminals 174 may be configured as terminal pairs disposed between adjacent ground terminals 176 to transmit differential signaling. Each pair of signal terminals 174 may be electrically coupled to one another and may transmit a portion of a differential signal. However, other configurations or patterns of signal and ground terminals are contemplated. The terminal array 170 may be fabricated by stamping and forming sheet metal with planar signal terminals 174 and ground terminals 176 stamped into a three-dimensional shape that is embedded or fitted within the terminal support formation 172. Terminal support molding 172 may partially surround terminal array 170 to maintain spacing between signal terminals 174 and ground terminals 176 .

[0024] As shown in Figures 14 and 16, each signal terminal 174 may include a mating end 180, a mounting end 182 opposite the mating end 180, and a planar intermediate body portion 184 extending between the mating end and the mounting end. The mating end 180 is intended to slide against and make conductive contact with a corresponding signal terminal from a receptacle connector, and is therefore formed as an angled end to guide and prevent hitting the corresponding terminal. The angled end of the mating end 180 may be offset at an angle of about 30° relative to the planar intermediate body portion 184. To abut a conductive pad on a board, the mounting end 182 is formed as a surface mounting tail that is approximately perpendicular to the planar intermediate body portion 184 and projects in a direction opposite the angled end of the mating end 180.

[0025] The elongated, generally planar, planar intermediate body portion 184 includes, sequentially from the mating end 184 to the mounting end 182, a first cantilever segment 190, a second mating segment 192, a third retention segment 194, and a fourth connecting segment 196. The cantilever segment 190 terminating at its distal end at the mating end 180 may be supported within the terminal support molding 172 to allow the cantilever segment to flex to some extent when in sliding contact with a corresponding terminal of the receptacle connector. The mating segment 192 is partially embedded within the terminal support molding 172 and exposed along a planar mating face 198 for physical and conductive contact with the corresponding terminal during mating of the plug connector 102 and receptacle connector 104. The retention segment 194 is fully embedded within the terminal support molding 172 for retaining and supporting the signal terminals 174. The connection segment 196 extends between the lower edge of the terminal support molding 172 and the mounting end 182 and may include an approximately 90° bend for allowing the surface mounting tail of the mounting end to protrude perpendicularly relative to the planar intermediate body portion 184.

[0026] As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 , each ground terminal 176 may include a mating end 200, a mounting end 202 opposite the mating end 200, and a planar intermediate body portion 204 extending between the mating end and the mounting end. The mating end 200 is intended to slide against and make conductive contact with a corresponding ground terminal from a receptacle connector, and therefore may be formed as an angled end to guide and prevent jamming with the corresponding terminal. The angled end forming the mating end 200 may be offset at an angle of about 30° relative to the planar intermediate body portion 204. In one embodiment, the multiple ground terminals 176 included in the terminal array 170 may be interconnected with one another by an upper ground bridge or rail 207 that extends along and connects the mating end 200 of each ground terminal 176. More specifically, the upper ground rail 207 is integrally formed with and extends coplanar with the mating end 200 to electrically connect each ground terminal 176 at the mating end 200. The mounting ends 204 of the ground terminals 176 may be formed as surface mounting tails that are generally perpendicular to the planar intermediate body portion 204 for abutting conductive ground pads on a substrate.

[0027] The elongated, generally planar, planar intermediate body portion 204 includes, sequentially from the mating end 200 to the mounting end 202, a first cantilever segment 210, a second mating segment 212, a third retention segment 214, and a fourth connecting segment 216. The cantilever segment 210 terminating at its distal end at the mating end 200 may be supported within the terminal support molding 172 to allow the cantilever segment to flex to some extent when in sliding contact with a corresponding terminal of the receptacle connector. The mating segment 212 is partially embedded within the terminal support molding 172 and exposed along a planar mating face 218 for physical and conductive contact with a corresponding terminal during mating of the plug connector 102 and receptacle connector 104. The retention segment 214 is fully embedded within the terminal support molding 172 for retaining and supporting the ground terminal 176. The connection segment 216 extends between the lower edge of the terminal support molding 172 and the mounting end 202 and may include an approximately 90° bend to allow the surface mounting tail of the mounting end to protrude perpendicularly relative to the flat intermediate body portion 204.

[0028] As shown in FIGS. 14-16, each ground terminal 176 is substantially wider along the plane 178 of the terminal array 170 than the signal terminals 174. Specifically, the planar intermediate body portion 204 of each ground terminal 176 can be wider than the corresponding planar intermediate body portion 184 of each signal terminal 174. Except for two ground terminals 176a at the ends of the terminal wafer 162, the ground terminals 176 are substantially wider along their entire vertical length than the signal terminals 174. As mentioned above, each terminal array 170 can be formed from stamped sheet metal and is generally planar except for the mating and mounting ends. The planar intermediate body portion 184 of the signal terminals 174 and the planar intermediate body portion 204 of the ground terminals 176 can be aligned with the common array plane 178 of the terminal array 170.

[0029] 14-16, the terminal support formation 172 of each terminal wafer 162 may be generally L-shaped and may include a vertical leg 220 and a horizontal leg 222 disposed at a right angle to the vertical leg 220. The vertical leg 220 may define a rear face 224 of the terminal support formation 172, and the horizontal leg 222 may define a front face 226 of the terminal support formation 172, with the distance between the rear face 224 and the front face 226 defining a width or thickness of the terminal wafer 162. The vertical leg 220 extends rearwardly adjacent and partially surrounds on three sides the mating segment 192 of each signal terminal 174 and the mating segment 202 of each ground terminal 176, such that the signal terminals 174 and the ground terminals 176 remain exposed along their respective mating faces 198, 218. The retention segment 194 of each signal terminal 174 and the retention segment 214 of each ground terminal 176 are surrounded and completely embedded in the horizontal legs 222 of the terminal support molding 172, thereby securing the signal terminals 174 and ground terminals 176 as part of the terminal wafer 162. In one embodiment, the terminal support molding 172 may be made of a non-conductive thermoplastic that is insert molded or overmolded around the stamped and formed terminal array 170 by a suitable manufacturing process. In other embodiments, the terminal support molding 172 may be molded separately from the terminal array 170, and the signal terminals 174 and ground terminals 176 may be assembled within the terminal support molding.

[0030] The terminal subassembly 160 may include retention features that cooperate and interact with corresponding retention features on the plug housing 120. For example, as shown in Figures 12, 13, and 16, the terminal wafer 162 may extend between a first wafer end 230 and a second wafer end 232 separated by a length of the terminal wafer and defined by opposing end faces 234 of the terminal support molding 172. A first latch recess 236 and a second latch recess 238 may be disposed in the end face 234 of the terminal support molding 172 proximate the horizontal leg 222 for engaging a cantilevered latch arm of the plug housing. The first latch recess 236 and the second latch recess 238 may extend between the rear face 224 and the front face 226 of the terminal support molding 172 such that they traverse the width of the terminal wafer 162. The first latch recess 236 may extend into the end face 234 of the terminal support molding 172 and may be shaped as a triangular groove or V-channel. The second latch recess 238 may be located below the first latch recess 236 and may be formed in a lower corner of the end face 234 and may be shaped as a chamfer. As described below, the first recess 236 and the second recess 238 may function as a detent when engaging the cantilever latch arm 152 with the plug housing 120.

[0031] As shown in FIGS. 8-11, the terminal wafers 162 may be hermaphroditic and configured to couple together in pairs to assemble the terminal subassembly 160. To provide a hermaphroditic configuration, the terminal support formations 172 may be identical to one another and may include complementary locking structures 240 formed along the rear surface 224 of the vertical legs 220. The locking structures 240 may include a plurality of posts 242 extending horizontally from the rear surface 224 in opposite directions to the horizontal legs 222. The plurality of posts 242 are laterally spaced apart from one another along the length of the terminal support formation 172. The locking structures 240 may also include a plurality of recesses 244 disposed within the rear surface 224 of the vertical legs 220 that are complementary in shape to the posts 240 and laterally spaced apart along the length of the terminal support formation 172. The number and configuration of the posts 242 may correspond to the number and configuration of the recesses 244. When two identical terminal wafers 162 are symmetrically positioned in opposing parallel relationship with the rear faces 224 of the respective adjacent vertical legs 220, the plurality of posts 242 can be received in the respective plurality of recesses 244. In embodiments in which a pair of terminal wafers 162 are coupled or press-fit together to form a terminal subassembly 160, a crush rib 246 can be formed along a surface of each post 240. When a post 242 is inserted into a corresponding recess 244, the crush rib 246 displaces against an inner surface of the recess to form a secure interlocking fit between the pair of terminal wafers 162 of the terminal subassembly 160.

[0032] In one aspect of the disclosure shown in Figures 12 and 16-18, a conductive ground bar 250 can be mechanically and electrically connected to the ground terminals 176 of the terminal array 170. The ground bar 250 can be flat and generally planar and can include an elongated common spine 252 that is generally coextensive with the lateral length of the terminal array 170. A plurality of protruding blades 254 can protrude from the common spine 252, which can be spaced apart from one another along the common spine 252. The blade tips 256 can be tapered or pointed at their distal ends. The blades 254 can be flat and laterally wider than they are thicker with upper and lower surfaces that are coplanar with the upper and lower surfaces of the common spine 252. However, in other embodiments, the blades can have different shapes. The common spine 252 and the plurality of blades 254 can be aligned in a common blade plane 258. When assembled, when the ground bar 250 is assembled to the terminal wafer 162, the blade plane 258 is perpendicular to the common array plane 178 of the signal terminals 174 and the ground terminals 176. The ground bar 250 may be made by stamping a conductive metal material.

[0033] To mechanically and electrically connect with the ground bar 250, the ground terminals 176 of the terminal array 170 may include an opening 260 disposed within the planar mid-body 204 of each ground terminal. The opening 260 may extend partially or completely through the planar mid-body portion 204 perpendicular to the common array plane 178. The opening 260 may be disposed in the planar mid-body portion 204 vertically above the horizontal leg 222 of the terminal support formation 172 such that the opening 260 is exposed along the exposed planar mating face 218 of the ground terminal 176. The blade 254 may protrude from the common spine 252 a sufficient distance to extend through the planar mid-body portion 204 of the ground terminal 176 and may be partially received within the vertical leg 220 of the terminal support formation 172 adjacent the terminal array 170. While the opening 260 may have any shape, in certain embodiments, the opening 260 may be oval or elliptical to form an elongated slot. Thus, the opening 260 can have a major axis 262 that is aligned with the dimensions of the oval or ellipse. The width and thickness of the opening 260 can be approximately the same as the width and thickness of the blade 254, such that the opening and the blade are approximately complementary in size.

[0034] However, in one embodiment, the openings 260 of the ground terminals 176 and the blades 254 of the ground bar 250 may be non-complementary in alignment and configured to skew the blades relative to the blade plane 258. The major axes 262 of the openings 260 may be disposed at a non-perpendicular and non-parallel angle relative to the vertical extension of the planar intermediate body portion 204 of the ground terminals 276. Thus, the openings 260 appear to be tilted or angled relative to the lateral and vertical extension of the terminal array 170, as shown in FIGS. 17-18. Additionally, the offset angle of the major axes 262 of the openings 260 may alternate between adjacent ground terminals 176 in the terminal array 170. For example, if the major axis 262 of the openings 260 is tilted or offset 45° clockwise relative to the vertical extension of one ground terminal 176, the openings 260 of the adjacent ground terminal 176 may be tilted or offset 45° counterclockwise. A possible advantage of alternating the offset angles of the major axes 262 of the openings 260 is that it can balance the torsional forces applied between the terminal array 170 and the ground bar 250 caused by twisting and distortion of the blades 254. In other embodiments, non-complementary alignment between the blades and openings can be provided by other arrangements, such as offset legs as described below, or by non-complementary shapes or contours of the blades and openings, such as circles, squares, and / or diamonds, or by arranging the openings in a non-perpendicular direction through the ground terminal.

[0035] To mechanically and electrically interconnect the ground bar 250 and the terminal array 170, the ground bar 250 and the terminal wafer 162 are positioned such that the blades 250 are aligned with the openings 260. The ground bar 250 is oriented perpendicular to the terminal array 170 such that the protruding blades 254 enter the openings 260. To aid in alignment, the horizontal legs 222 of the terminal support molding 172, which extend forward of the terminal array 170 and perpendicular to the common array plane 178, can serve as upper shelves 266 to support the blades 254 of the ground bar 250. When the blades 254 are inserted into the elliptical openings 260, the angled major axis 262 brings the blades 254 into contact with the angled inner circumference of the opening to rotate or twist the blades 254 relative to the blade plane 258. The material and thickness of the ground bar 250 can be selected to promote or allow distortion of the blades 254. The twisting force caused by the rotation of the blades 254 within their respective openings 260 provides good mechanical and electrical contact between the ground bar 250 and each ground terminal 176, such that the ground bar and ground terminals are not prone to disengagement while still maintaining good electrical conductivity. A possible advantage of establishing electrical conduction between the multiple ground terminals 176 through the ground bar 250 is that the electrical path between the mating and mounting ends of the ground terminals is shortened, which may favorably affect the resonant frequency of the ground circuit. In one embodiment, an adhesive may be used to help secure the terminal array 170 and ground bar 250.

[0036] In one aspect of the disclosure shown in Figures 19-20, the plug housing 120 and terminal subassembly 160 are selectively movable between a first operative position for delivering and attaching the plug connector 102 to a board and a second operative position in which the plug connector is attached to the board. As shown in Figure 19, in the first operative position, the plug housing 120 and terminal subassembly 160 are positioned relative to one another such that the mounting ends 182 of the signal terminals 174 and the mounting ends 202 of the ground terminals 176 extend below a mounting plane 132 associated with the mounting surface 124 of the plug housing 120. In the first operative position, the mounting ends 182, 202 of the respective signal terminals 174 and ground terminals 176, which may be surface mount tails as described herein, are aligned in a downward plane away from the mounting plane 132 associated with the mounting surface 124. 20, in the second operative position, the plug housing 120 and the terminal subassembly 160 move relative to one another such that the standoffs 130 contact the board 106 and the planes of the mounting ends 182, 202 are coplanar with the mounting plane 134 associated with the mounting surface 124. As shown, the gap 134 separating the standoffs 130 remains above the board 106, allowing adhesive to be directed through the gap to adhesively secure the plug connector 102 to the board. A possible advantage of configuring the plug connector 102 to move between a first operative position and a second operative position is that the first operative position facilitates soldering of the mounting ends 182, 202 to the board and the second operative position reduces the vertical profile of the plug connector 102.

[0037] Retention features on the plug housing 120 and the terminal subassembly 160 can be selectively engaged and disengaged to facilitate movement or shifting between the first and second operative positions. As shown in FIGS. 8-11, to initially assemble the plug connector 102, the terminal subassembly 160, which can be assembled from mated hermaphroditic first and second terminal wafers 162, can be positioned above the plug housing 120 with the first and second terminal wafers aligned with the subopenings 148. The terminal subassembly 160 is received in the opening 140 and the terminal wafers 162 are received in the subopenings 148 separated by the cross webs 146. The horizontal legs 222 of the terminal support formation 172 can be retained across the width of the subopening 148 and, in some cases, can form a friction fit with the terminal wafers 162 with the ribs 150 disposed about the opening 140.

[0038] To achieve and maintain the first operative position during delivery and soldering, as shown in Figures 19-21, the terminal subassembly 160 is moved downwardly relative to the plug housing 120 such that the cantilevered latch arms 152 are deflected toward the plug housing end wall 128. The lower chamfered second latch recess 238 is deflected past the latch projection 158 which slides vertically against the end face 234 of the terminal support molding 172 until the cantilevered arms 152 press the latch projection into the V-channeled first latch recess 236. The first latch recess 236 functions as a detent which captures the latch projection 158 of the cantilevered latch arm 152 to maintain the first operative position. The planes of the mounting ends 182, 202 of the respective signal and ground terminals 174, 176 are spaced downwardly from the mounting plane 132 associated with the mounting surface 124 of the plug housing 120.

[0039] To move the housing plug 120 and terminal subassembly 160 to the second operative position, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 22, the plug housing 120 is moved downward relative to the terminal subassembly 160 such that the cantilevered latch arms 152 are deflected toward the plug housing end wall 128. The V-channeled first latch recess 236 displaces and releases the latch projection 158 which slides vertically against the end face 234 of the terminal support molding 172 until the cantilevered latch arms 152 press the latch projection into the lower second latch recess 238. Here, the planes of the mounting ends 184, 204 of the respective signal and ground terminals 174, 176 are coplanar with the mounting plane 132 associated with the mounting surface 124 of the plug housing 120. In embodiments having standoffs 130, adhesive can be directed through the gaps 134 defined between the standoffs to adhesively secure the plug connector 102 to the substrate 106. In one embodiment, the positions of the cantilever latch arm 152 and the first and second latch recesses 236 , 238 may be reversed with the cantilever latch arm on the terminal subassembly 160 and recesses located in the plug housing 120 .

[0040] 23-24, the receptacle connector 104 includes a receptacle housing 300 made of a non-conductive material, such as molded thermoplastic, and a terminal subassembly 400 that conductively connects with a plurality of conductive cables 108. The receptacle housing 300, also referred to as an insulator housing due to its non-conductive nature, may include a lower housing component 302 and an upper housing component 304 made of a non-conductive material, such as molded plastic. The lower housing component 304 has a lower mating face 322 and an assembly face 324 spaced apart from and parallel to the mating face 322. The lower housing 302 is generally rectangular in shape and includes two parallel long side walls 326 and two parallel short end walls 328 perpendicular to the side walls 316 to define the rectangular shape. The side walls 326 and end walls 328 of the lower housing 302 may be integral with one another to define an enclosure or shell that houses the terminal subassembly 400. The side walls 326 and end walls 328 may have a stepped configuration such that the mating surface 322 has a reduced profile relative to the assembly surface 324 and provides a shoulder 329 that may abut a corresponding mating surface of the plug connector.

[0041] As shown in FIGS. 25-27, the rear sidewall 326 may include a cable opening 332 extending downward from the assembly surface 334 to an intermediate platform 330 disposed within the lower housing component 302. The intermediate platform 330 is disposed between and generally parallel to the mating surface 322 and the mounting surface 324 and extends between the elongated sidewall 326 and the short end wall 328. The intermediate platform 330 may include structure for organizing and positioning the multiple cables 108 and the terminal subassemblies 400 relative to one another. For example, the intermediate platform 330 may have a first wafer slot 334 and a second wafer slot 336 disposed therein that provide access through the intermediate platform for receiving and installing the terminal subassemblies 400. The first wafer slot 334 and the second wafer slot 336 are parallel to the elongated sidewall 326 and traverse the lateral length of the lower housing component 302 between the spaced apart end walls 328. The first wafer slot 334 can be adjacent the front sidewall 326 and the second wafer slot 336 can be adjacent the rear sidewall 326. The intermediate platform 330 can also include a plurality of recesses 338 disposed therein parallel to and proximate to a cable opening 332 disposed in the rear sidewall 326. The cable opening 332 traverses laterally across the rear sidewall 326 to allow passage of the cable 108 to the receptacle connector 104. For alignment and assembly with the upper housing component 304, the lower housing component 302 can have a plurality of alignment protrusions 339 projecting upwardly from the front sidewall 326 that can be received in corresponding recesses disposed in the upper housing component 304.

[0042] As shown in FIGS. 23-24 , the upper housing component 304 is configured to be assembled with the lower housing component 302 and is similarly rectangular in shape and includes an assembly surface 342 and parallel opposing ceilings 344 joined by parallel elongated side walls 346 and parallel short end walls 348 arranged orthogonally to one another. To allow for the passage of multiple cables 108, a cable opening 350 is disposed through the rear side wall 346 corresponding to the lateral dimension of the cable opening 332 of the lower housing component 302. The ceiling 344 can extend between the vertically arranged side walls 326 and end wall 328 to cover the interior of the receptacle housing 300 when the upper housing component 304 and the lower housing component 302 are assembled together. The exterior of the ceiling 344 can form a recess 352 that is generally rectangular in shape and circumscribes the orthogonal contours of the side walls 326 and end wall 328. A slot 354 is disposed through the ceiling 344 and in the end wall 328. The recess 352 and slot 354 can accommodate a pressure plate 356 that can be positioned adjacent to the ceiling 344 during assembly of the lower housing component 302 and the upper housing component 304. The pressure plate 356 can be sized to fit within the recess 352 in the ceiling 344 to distribute forces applied to the ceiling 344 during assembly of the receptacle connector 104. To retain the pressure plate 356 on the upper housing component 304, the pressure plate 356 can include spaced apart locking arms 358 that are perpendicular to and depend from the planar body of the plate and are sized to be received in the slots 354 located in the ceiling 344.

[0043] As shown in FIGS. 25-28, the plurality of cables 108 may include a signal conductor for transmitting an electrical signal and a ground conductor for providing a return to an electrical ground, and may be configured to reduce electromagnetic interference and insulate the signal conductor from other cables in the plurality. In a particular embodiment, the cable may be a twinaxial cable in which two signal conductors 360 made of a conductive material, such as copper wiring, extend the length of the cable 108 and are surrounded by an insulator 362. The two signal conductors 360 may be configured to cooperatively transmit a differential signal. A ground conductor 364 may also extend the length of the cable 108 and be made of a conductive material, such as metal foil. The plurality of cables 108 may be arranged in an upper first plurality of cables 366 and a lower second plurality of cables 368 that extends below the first plurality of cables. In other embodiments, the cables 108 may have a different configuration or may be replaced with other conductors, such as a ribbon cable.

[0044] The receptacle housing 300 may be associated with a cable alignment assembly 370 for arranging and guiding the plurality of cables 108 into the receptacle connector 104. The cable alignment assembly may include an upper first cable alignment member 372 and a lower second cable alignment member 374, which may be elongated structures of a non-conductive material such as molded thermoplastic. The first cable alignment member 372 and the second cable alignment member 374 are generally rectangular and have identical lateral dimensions to one another to extend between a first member end 376 and a second member end 378. Disposed through the first cable alignment member 372 and the second cable alignment member 374 are a plurality of cable bores 380 dimensioned to allow individual cables of the plurality of cables 108 to pass therethrough. The upper first cable alignment member 372 may accommodate the first plurality of cables 366, and the lower second cable alignment member 374 may accommodate the second plurality of cables 368. To join together to form the cable alignment assembly 370, the first cable alignment member 372, the second cable alignment member 374 may include cooperating protrusions 382 and recesses 384 disposed on the ends of the cable alignment members 372, 376. The cable alignment assembly 370 may maintain the first and second plurality of cables 366, 368 aligned in rows extending perpendicular to the receptacle connector 104. When installed within the receptacle housing 300, the cable alignment assembly 370 may be positioned within an opening formed by the cable openings 332, 350 of the respective lower and upper housing components 300, 304. To retain the cable alignment assembly 370 within the cable openings 332, 350, the first cable alignment member 372 and the second cable alignment member 374 may include a plurality of alignment protrusions 386 spaced laterally across their lower and upper surfaces which may be received within a recess 338 disposed in the intermediate platform 330 of the lower housing component 320 and a similar recess which may be disposed in the upper housing component 322.

[0045] As shown in FIGS. 25-28 , the terminal subassembly 400 can include a first terminal wafer 402 and a second terminal wafer 404. The first terminal wafer 402 can be configured for insertion into a first wafer slot 334 adjacent the front sidewall 326 of the lower housing component 302, and the second terminal wafer 404 can be configured for insertion into a second wafer slot 336 adjacent the rear sidewall 326. The first terminal wafer 402 and the second terminal wafer 404 can have wafer lengths dimensioned to traverse the respective wafer slots 334, 336 between the spaced apart end walls 328 of the lower housing component 302. In the illustrated embodiment, the first terminal wafer 402 has a first wafer height 406 that is vertically taller or greater than a second wafer height 408 associated with the second terminal wafer 404 to allow the first plurality of cables 366 to extend over the second plurality of cables 368.

[0046] As shown in FIGS. 29-32, the taller first terminal wafer 402 includes a conductive terminal array 410 that is partially disposed within and supports a terminal support molding 412 made of a non-conductive material such as molded thermoplastic. In the illustrated embodiment, the terminal array 410 can include a plurality of signal terminals 414 for conducting data signals and a plurality of ground terminals 416 that are staggered adjacent one another and aligned side-by-side in a common array plane 418. In one embodiment, two signal terminals 414 can be electromagnetically coupled together as a differential signal pair and a ground terminal 416 can be disposed on either side of the differential pair to isolate them, although different configurations of the signal and ground terminals are contemplated in other embodiments. The signal terminals 414 and ground terminals 416 of the terminal array 410 can be manufactured by stamping and forming a planar blank of conductive sheet metal.

[0047] As shown in FIG. 33, each signal terminal 414 may include a mating end 420, a termination portion 422 opposite the mating end 420, and a planar intermediate body portion 424 extending between and interconnecting the termination portion and the mating end. The mating end 420 is intended to slide against and make conductive contact with a corresponding signal terminal from the plug connector, and therefore may be formed as an angled end to guide and prevent collision with the corresponding terminal. The angled end at the mating end 420 may be offset at an angle of about 30° relative to the planar intermediate body portion 424. The termination portion 422 and the planar intermediate body portion 424 may be aligned with a common array plane 418. Conductor termination holes 428 may be located in the termination portion 422 perpendicular to the common array plane 418.

[0048] The elongated, generally planar, planar intermediate body portion 424 includes a first retention segment 430 extending adjacent the terminal end 422 and a second cantilever segment 432 extending adjacent the mating end 420. The retention segment 430 can be embedded within the terminal support molding 412 to fixedly retain the signal terminals 414 within the first terminal wafer 402. The cantilever segment 432 includes a mating face 434 at a rear side thereof for sliding contact with corresponding signal terminals of the plug connector. The cantilever segment 432 can exhibit a spring-like deflection relative to the common array plane 418 to bias against and maintain conductive contact with a mating signal terminal.

[0049] The ground terminal 416 may include a mating end 440, a terminal end 442 opposite the mating end 440, and a planar intermediate body portion 444 extending between and interconnecting the mating end 440 and the terminal end 442. The mating end 440 is intended to slide against and make conductive contact with a corresponding ground terminal from the plug connector, and therefore may be formed as an angled end to guide and prevent collision with the corresponding terminal. The angled end of the mating end 440 may be offset at an angle of about 30° relative to the planar intermediate body portion 444. The elongated, generally planar, planar intermediate body portion 444 is wider than the corresponding planar intermediate body portion 424 of the signal terminal 414. The planar intermediate body portion 444 includes a first retention segment 450 adjacent to and extending from the terminal end 442 and a second cantilever segment 452 adjacent to and extending from the mating end 440. The retention segment 450 may be embedded within the terminal support molding 412 to fixedly retain the ground terminals 416 within the first terminal wafer 402. The cantilevered segment 452 includes a mating face 454 at its rear side for sliding contact with a corresponding ground terminal of the plug connector. The cantilevered segment 452 may exhibit a spring-like deflection relative to the common array plane 418 to bias against and maintain conductive contact with a mating ground terminal.

[0050] In the illustrated embodiment, the mating ends 440 of the ground terminals 416 in the intermediate portion of the terminal array 410 are bifurcated at their distal ends and joined to a conductive ground bridge 456. However, the ground terminals 416 at both ends of the terminal array 410 are not bifurcated and are joined to only a single conductive ground bridge 456 directed toward the central portion of the terminal array 410. Each conductive ground bridge 456 extends below and across the mating ends 420 of two adjacent separately paired signal terminals 414 to interconnect the two ground terminals 416. The conductive ground bridge 456 is formed as an extension of the mating ends 440 and may be inclined with respect to the common array plane 418 to facilitate sliding contact with a corresponding ground terminal of the plug connector. The conductive ground bridge 456 functions to electrically isolate each pair of differentially coupled signal terminals 414.

[0051] The terminations 442 of the ground terminals 416 may be interconnected by a conductive ground rail 457 extending across the terminal array 410 such that all of the ground terminals 416 are electrically interconnected. The conductive ground rail 457 may extend across and over the terminations 442 of the pairs of differentially coupled signal terminals 414. The ground terminals 416 interconnected by the conductive ground bridge 456 and the conductive ground rail 457 extend around and electrically isolate each pair of differentially coupled signal terminals 414. Conductor termination holes 458 may be located in the conductive ground rail 457 perpendicular to the common array plane 418. The conductor termination holes 458 of the ground terminals 416 are located above and between the conductor termination holes 428 of each pair of differentially coupled signal terminals 414. The conductor termination holes 428 of the differentially paired signal terminals 414 and the conductor termination holes 458 of the associated ground terminals 416 define a triangular outline.

[0052] As shown in FIGS. 29-32, the terminal support molding 412 can extend around and support the terminal array 410 and is coextensive with the length of the first terminal wafer 402. The terminal support molding 412 includes a front surface 460 and an opposing rear surface 462. The signal terminals 414 and the ground terminals 416 can be disposed between the front surface 460 and the rear surface 462 of the terminal support molding 412 with the retaining segments of the signal terminals 414 and the ground terminals 416 embedded in the material of the terminal support molding 412. The terminal support molding 412 can also include a lower surface 464 from which the mating ends 420 of the signal terminals 414 and the mating ends 440 of the ground terminals 416 extend. Thus, the mating surfaces 434 of the signal terminals 414 and the mating surfaces 454 of the ground terminals 416 are exposed below the lower surface 464 of the terminal support molding 412. The terminal support molding 412 can include opposing wafer ends 466, 468 that define a wafer length of the first terminal wafer 402. The terminal support molding 412 can be made from a non-conductive material, such as a molded thermoplastic, and can be disposed about the terminal array 410 by an insert molding or overmolding manufacturing process.

[0053] As shown in FIGS. 26-29, the cables 108 of the upper plurality of first cables 366 may be received and terminated by the first terminal wafer 402. In particular, the insulators 362 may be removed from the ends of the plurality of first cables 366 to expose the signal conductors 360 and the ground conductors 364. The signal conductors 360 may be inserted into the conductor termination holes 428 of the signal terminals 414, and the ground conductors 364 may be inserted into the conductor termination holes 458 of the ground terminals 416. Thus, the ends of the signal conductors 360 and the ends of the ground conductors 366 are arranged in a triangular configuration similar to the conductor termination holes 428, 458. The ends of the signal conductors 360 and the ends of the ground conductors 364 may be joined, for example by laser welding, within the respective conductor termination holes 428, 454 to establish a conductive connection between the first plurality of cables 366 and the terminal array 410. The ground terminals 416 are interconnected at their termination ends 442 by a ground rail 457 and at the mating end 440 by a ground bridge 456 so that the ground terminals are likewise conductively interconnected and establish a common electrical ground.

[0054] As shown in FIGS. 33-36, the vertically short second terminal wafer 404 includes a conductive terminal array 510 partially disposed and supported within a terminal support molding 512 made of a non-conductive material such as molded thermoplastic. In the illustrated embodiment, the terminal array 510 can include a plurality of signal terminals 514 for conducting data signals and a plurality of ground terminals 516 arranged adjacent to one another in alternating fashion and aligned side-by-side in an array plane 518. In one embodiment, the two signal terminals 514 can be electromagnetically coupled together as a differential signal pair and the ground terminals 516 can be located on either side of the differential pair to isolate them, although different configurations of the signal and ground terminals are contemplated in other embodiments. The signal terminals 514 and ground terminals 516 of the terminal array 510 can be manufactured by stamping and forming a planar blank of conductive sheet metal.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 38 , each signal terminal 514 may include a mating end 520, a termination portion 522 opposite the mating end 520, and a planar intermediate body portion 524 extending between and interconnecting the mating end 520 and the termination portion 522. The mating end 520 is intended to slide against and make conductive contact with a corresponding signal terminal from the plug connector, and therefore may be formed as an angled end to guide and prevent collision with the corresponding terminal. The angled end of the mating end 520 may be offset at an angle of about 30° relative to the planar intermediate body portion 524. The termination portion 522 and the planar intermediate body portion 524 may be aligned with a common array plane 518. A conductor termination hole 528 may be disposed in the termination portion 522 perpendicular to the common array plane 518.

[0056] The elongated, generally planar, planar intermediate body portion 524 includes a first retention segment 530 extending adjacent the terminal end 522 and a second cantilever segment 532 extending adjacent the mating end 500. The retention segment 530 can be embedded within the terminal support molding 512 to fixedly retain the signal terminals 514 within the second terminal wafer 404. The cantilever segment 532 includes a mating face 534 at a rear side thereof for sliding contact with corresponding signal terminals of the plug connector. The cantilever segment 532 can exhibit a spring-like deflection relative to the array plane 518 to bias against and maintain conductive contact with the mating signal terminals.

[0057] The ground terminal 516 may include a mating end 540, a terminal end 542 opposite the mating end 540, and a planar intermediate body portion 544 extending between and interconnecting the mating end 540 and the terminal end 542. The mating end 540 is intended to slide against and make conductive contact with a corresponding ground terminal from the plug connector, and therefore may be formed as an angled end to guide and prevent collision with the corresponding terminal. The angled end of the mating end 540 may be offset at an angle of about 30° relative to the planar intermediate body portion 544. The elongated, generally planar, planar intermediate body portion 544 is wider than the corresponding planar intermediate body portion 524 of the signal terminal 514. The planar intermediate body portion 544 includes a first retention segment 550 adjacent to and extending from the terminal end 542 and a second cantilever segment 552 adjacent to and extending from the mating end 540. The retention segment 550 can be embedded within the terminal support molding 512 to fixedly retain the ground terminals 516 within the second terminal wafer 404. The cantilevered segment 552 includes a planar mating surface 554 on its front side for sliding contact with a corresponding ground terminal of the plug connector. The cantilevered segment 552 can exhibit a spring-like deflection relative to the array plane 518 to bias against and maintain conductive contact with a mating ground terminal.

[0058] In the illustrated embodiment, the mating ends 540 of the ground terminals 516 in the middle portion of the terminal array 510 are bifurcated at their distal ends and joined to a conductive ground bridge 556. However, the ground terminals 516 at both ends of the terminal array 510 are not bifurcated and are joined to only a single conductive ground bridge 556 directed to the central portion of the terminal array 516. Each conductive ground bridge 556 extends below and across the mating ends 520 of two adjacent separately paired signal terminals 514 to interconnect the two ground terminals 516. The conductive ground bridge 556 is formed as an extension of the mating ends 540 and can be inclined with respect to the common array plane 518 to facilitate sliding contact with a corresponding ground terminal of the plug connector. The conductive ground bridge 556 functions to electrically isolate each pair of differentially coupled signal terminals 514.

[0059] The terminations 542 of the ground terminals 516 may be interconnected by a conductive ground rail 557 extending across the terminal array 510 such that all of the ground terminals 516 are electrically interconnected. The conductive ground rail 557 may extend across and over the terminations 522 of the pairs of differentially coupled signal terminals 514. The ground terminals 516 interconnected by the conductive ground bridges 556 and the conductive ground rail 557 extend around and electrically isolate each pair of differentially coupled signal terminals 514. Conductor termination holes 558 may be located in the conductive ground rail 557 perpendicular to the common array plane 518. The conductor termination holes 558 of the ground terminals 516 are located above and between the conductor termination holes 528 of each pair of differentially coupled signal terminals 514. The conductor termination holes 528 of the differentially paired signal terminals 514 and the conductor termination holes 558 of the associated ground terminals 516 define a triangular outline.

[0060] As shown in FIGS. 34-37, the terminal support molding 512 can extend around and support the terminal support array 510 and is coextensive with the wafer length of the second terminal wafer 404. The terminal support molding 512 includes a front surface 560 and an opposing rear surface 562. The signal terminals 514 and the ground terminals 516 can be disposed between the front surface 560 and the rear surface 562 with the signal terminals 514 and the ground terminals 516 embedded in the non-conductive material of the terminal support molding 512. The terminal support molding 512 can also include a bottom surface 564 from which the mating ends 520 of the signal terminals 514 and the mating ends 540 of the ground terminals 516 extend. Thus, the mating surfaces 534 of the signal terminals 514 and the mating surfaces 554 of the ground terminals 516 are exposed below the bottom surface 564 of the terminal support molding 512. The terminal support molding 512 can include opposing wafer ends 566, 568 that define the length of the second terminal wafer 404. The terminal support molding 512 can be made from a non-conductive material, such as molded plastic, and can be disposed about the terminal array 510 by an insert molding or overmolding manufacturing process.

[0061] As shown in FIGS. 26-28 and 35, the cables 108 of the lower plurality of second cables 368 may be received and terminated by the second terminal wafer 404. In particular, the insulators 362 may be removed from the ends of the plurality of second cables 368 to expose the signal conductors 360 and the ground conductors 364. The signal conductors 360 may be inserted into the conductor termination holes 528 of the signal terminals 514, and the ground conductors 364 may be inserted into the conductor termination holes 558 of the ground terminals 516. The ends of the signal conductors 360 and the ground conductors 362 may be joined within the respective conductor termination holes 528, 558, for example by laser welding, to establish a conductive connection between the second plurality of cables 368 and the terminal array 510. The ground terminals 516 are interconnected at their mating ends 520 by a conductive ground bridge 556 and at their termination ends 542 by a conductive ground rail 557 such that the ground conductors 366 are likewise conductively interconnected to establish a common electrical ground.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 26-28, the first terminal wafer 402 and the second terminal wafer 404 can each include a respective first conductive ground shield 600 and a respective second conductive ground shield 602 that provide additional electromagnetic shielding to the connector assembly. The first ground shield 600 and the second ground shield 602 are flat planar structures that are disposed adjacent to the respective first terminal wafer 402 and second terminal wafer 404 and can be coextensive with the length of the terminal wafer. In particular, the first ground shield 600 can extend between and be coextensive with the respective wafer ends 466, 468 of the first terminal support molding 412, and the second ground shield 602 can extend between and be coextensive with the respective wafer ends 566, 568 of the second terminal support molding 512. The first ground shield 600 and the second ground shield 602 are adjacent to the rear faces 462, 562 of the terminal support moldings 412, 512 of the first terminal wafer 402 and the second terminal wafer 404, respectively, from which the first plurality of cables 366 and the second plurality of cables 368 extend.

[0063] In one embodiment, the conductive ground shields 600, 602 can be made from stamped and formed metal sheets. In another embodiment, the conductive ground shields 600, 602 can be made from a metal injection molding process where a metal powder is mixed with a binder and cast into a finished part that has conductive properties due to the metal powder. In another embodiment, the conductive ground shields 600, 602 can be made from metallized plastic where a molded plastic part is coated with a metal to impart conductive properties.

[0064] As shown in FIGS. 29-32, the planar shape of the first ground shield 600 is parallel to the common array plane 418 of the first terminal wafer 402 when attached. In one embodiment, the first ground shield 600 can be assembled from a relatively thin flat prong plate 610 and a relatively thick intermediate plate 640. To interconnect with the terminal array 410, the prong plate 610 can include a plurality of ground prongs 612 extending perpendicularly from the plane of the prong plate 610 and perpendicularly to the common array plane 418. The ground prongs 612 can be laterally spaced along the lateral length of the first ground shield 600 to correspond to the number and alignment of the plurality of ground terminals 416 in the terminal array 410. In one embodiment, the ground prongs 612 can be ground tabs that are vertically aligned and thus have a vertical tab height 614. In one embodiment, the bump plate 610 may be made from sheet metal and the ground tabs that form the ground prongs 612 may be integral tabs or flaps stamped from the bump plate 610. Stamping the ground prongs 612 from the bump plate 610 forms rectangular tab openings 616 in the bump plate 610 between adjacent ground prongs 612. In other embodiments, the ground prongs 612 may have other suitable shapes and configurations.

[0065] A plurality of cable openings 618 are disposed through the prong plate 610 to allow cables from a plurality of first cables to pass through the first ground shield 600. The cable openings 618 may be generally triangular or pear-shaped to match the triangular contours of the conductor termination holes 428, 458 disposed within the signal terminals 414 and ground terminals 416 of the terminal array 410. Thus, the cable openings 618 accommodate the triangular arrangement of the signal and ground conductors of the twinaxial cables. The cable openings 618 may be disposed between laterally adjacent ground prongs 612 extending from the prong plate 610.

[0066] In one embodiment, since the first terminal wafer 402 has a first wafer height that is greater than the second wafer height, the prong plate 610 can include a second plurality of ground prongs 620 that extend perpendicularly from the plane of the prong plate 610 to the common array plane 418 of the terminal array 410. The second plurality of ground prongs 620 also correspond to the number and alignment of the ground terminals 416 of the terminal array, but the second plurality of ground prongs 620 can be located vertically below the respective first plurality of ground prongs 612. The second plurality of ground prongs 620 can be formed as stamped tabs similar to the first plurality of ground prongs 612, resulting in rectangular holes 622 formed in the prong plate 610. The second plurality of ground prongs 620 can also be vertically aligned and have a vertical tab height 624 similar to the vertical tab height 614 of the first ground prongs 612. In other embodiments, the first ground prong 612 and the second ground prong 620 may be joined as a single vertically elongated tab stamped out of the prong plate 610 .

[0067] The thicker intermediate plate 640 may be made from a conductive material such as a stamped metal plate, or may be sintered or cast metal. The intermediate plate 640 is also coextensive with the length of the first terminal wafer 402 and extends between the first wafer end 466 and the second wafer end 468 of the terminal support formation 412. The intermediate plate 640 may have a thickness 642 that provides a relative bulk of the intermediate plate to the thinner prong plate 610. To allow cables of the first plurality of cables to pass through, the intermediate plate 640 includes a plurality of similarly shaped cable openings 644 aligned with the plurality of cable openings 618 disposed in the prong plate 610. To allow the ground prongs 612 from the prong plate 610 to extend and connect to the ground terminals 416 of the terminal array 410, the intermediate plate 640 may include a first plurality of slots 646 disposed in a row laterally across the intermediate plate. A plurality of slots 646 extend through the body of the intermediate plate 640 and are oriented vertically toward the common array plane 418 of the terminal array 410. The slots 646 may correspond to the number and alignment of the plurality of ground prongs 612. In embodiments in which the ground prongs 612 are formed as vertical tabs having an associated vertical tab height 614, the slots 646 may have similar dimensions to allow for passage of the tabs through the intermediate plate 640. In embodiments in which the second plurality of ground prongs 620 may be formed vertically below the first plurality of ground prongs 612 of the prong plate 610, the intermediate plate 460 may have a corresponding second plurality of slots 648 disposed therein in alignment with the second plurality of ground prongs.

[0068] A plurality of ground openings 650 may be disposed in the terminal array 410 of the first terminal wafer 402 for mechanically and electrically connecting with the ground prongs 612 from the first ground shield 600. For example, as shown in FIG. 32, the ground openings 650 may be disposed at the end 442 of each ground terminal 416 of the terminal array 410 directly below a ground rail 457 that extends across the terminal array. The number and alignment of the ground openings 650 may correspond to the number and alignment of the first plurality of ground prongs 612. Because the end 442 of the ground terminals 416 are embedded in the terminal support molding 412, material may be removed from the terminal support molding proximate the end to provide prong openings 652 that expose the ground slots 650 to the ground prongs 612.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 33, in one embodiment, the ground openings 650 may be non-complementary in shape or alignment to the ground prongs 612 to twist or distort the ground prongs. For example, the ground openings 650 may be shaped as slots having first and second offset legs 654 similar in dimensions to the tabs forming the ground prongs 612, but laterally offset relative to the vertical alignment of the ground prongs. The first and second offset legs 654 may be located toward the side edge of the terminal wafer such that the ground openings 650 are not vertically aligned with the ground prongs 612 extending from the prong plate 610. Additionally, the lateral direction of the offset of the offset legs 654 may alternate from ground terminal 416 to ground terminal 416 to provide an alternating arrangement of offset slots located laterally across the terminal array. In other embodiments, non-complementary alignment between the blade and the openings may be provided by other arrangements, such as offset legs as described below, or by non-complementary shapes or contours of the blade and openings, such as circles, squares, and / or diamonds, or by arranging the openings in a non-perpendicular direction through the ground terminal. In embodiments in which the ground plate 610 includes a second plurality of lower ground protrusions 620 extending therefrom, the second plurality of ground openings 658 may be disposed in the ground terminal 416 approximately perpendicular to the planar intermediate body portion 442 so as to align with and correspond to the second plurality of ground protrusions.

[0070] As shown in FIGS. 31-32 , the prong plate 610 is positioned relative to the remainder of the first terminal wafer 402 such that the ground prongs are aligned with the plurality of ground openings of the ground terminals 416 to mechanically and electrically interconnect the first ground shield 600 and the terminal array 410. The intermediate plate 640 may be positioned between the terminal support molding 412 and the prong plate 610 such that the slots 646 of the intermediate plate 640 and the corresponding molded openings 652 of the terminal support molding are aligned to allow passage of the ground prongs 612 from the plane of the prong plate 610 to the common array plane 418 of the terminal array 410. When the ground prongs 612 are inserted into the ground openings 650 of the ground terminals 416, the offset legs 654 rotate or twist the tab-like ground prongs relative to the vertical extensions of the ground prongs and ground terminals. The second plurality of lower ground prongs 620 may be similarly received and distorted into the second plurality of ground openings 658 disposed within the ground terminals 416. The material and thickness of the projection plate 610 can be selected to facilitate distortion of the ground projections 612. The twisting force caused by rotation of the ground projections 612 within the respective ground openings 650 provides good mechanical and electrical contact between the first ground shield 600 and each ground terminal 416, such that the ground shield and ground terminals are not prone to disengagement while still maintaining good electrical conductivity. A possible advantage of establishing electrical conduction between the multiple ground terminals 416 through the conductive ground shield 600 is that the electrical path between the mating and mounting ends of the ground terminals is shortened, which can favorably affect the resonant frequency of the ground circuit.

[0071] In one embodiment, the slots 646 disposed in the intermediate plate 640 also have offset legs 660 laterally offset relative to the vertical extension of the tab-like ground protrusions 612 to distort the ground protrusions when inserted through the intermediate plate. The distortion of the ground protrusions 612 in the slots 646 ensures that the protrusion plate 610 and the intermediate plate 640 are mechanically and electrically coupled to each other. With reference to FIG. 27, the thickness of the first ground shield 600 can aid in impedance at the termination point, since the shield can be removed from the first plurality of cables 366 whose signal conductors 360 terminate at the conductor termination holes 428 of the terminal array 410. Furthermore, with reference to FIG. 31, it can be seen that the ground protrusions 612 are disposed on both sides of the cable opening 618 of the protrusion plate 610 and the cable opening 644 of the intermediate plate 640, so that the tab-like ground protrusions extend on both sides of and parallel to the cables when the cables connect with the first terminal wafer 402. Thus, the ground bumps 612 further isolate and improve coupling between the signal conductors within the first terminal wafer.

[0072] As shown in FIGS. 34-37, the second ground shield 602 is similar in structure and arrangement to the first ground shield. The second ground shield 602 is parallel to the common array plane 518 when attached to the second terminal wafer 404. The second ground shield 602 may also be assembled from a relatively thin, planar protrusion plate 710 and a relatively thick intermediate plate 740. A plurality of ground protrusions 712 protrude from the plane of the protrusion plate 710 perpendicular to the common array plane 518. The ground protrusions 712 may be spaced laterally along the lateral length of the second ground shield 602 and correspond to the number and alignment of the ground terminals 516 of the second terminal array 510. The ground protrusions 712 may be formed as integral ground tabs stamped from the protrusion plate 710, which may be made of sheet metal. The ground tabs may be vertically aligned and may have a vertical tab height 714 that is the same as the height and dimensions of the ground tabs of the first ground shield. Punching the ground prongs 712 forms rectangular tab openings 716 in the prong plate 710. A plurality of cable openings 718 are also punched in the prong plate similar in size and configuration to the cable openings in the first ground shield to allow cables of a plurality of second cables to pass through the first ground shield 602. The cable openings 718 may be triangular or pear shaped to accommodate a twin-axial cable configuration. Because the second terminal wafer 404 is vertically shorter than the first terminal wafer 402, only one row of ground prongs 712 is formed in the prong plate 710.

[0073] The thicker intermediate plate 740 may also be made from a conductive material such as cast or sintered metal. The intermediate plate 740 has a thickness 742 that provides the intermediate plate with bulk or height relative to the thinner prong plate 710. To allow passage of cables from the second plurality of cables, the intermediate plate 740 includes a plurality of similarly shaped cable openings 744 aligned with the cable openings 718 of the prong plate 710. Similarly, a plurality of slots 746 are vertically disposed through the intermediate plate toward the common array plane 518 to allow the ground prongs 712 from the prong plate 710 to extend to and contact the ground terminals 516 of the second terminal array 518. The slots 746 are laterally disposed in a row across the intermediate plate 740 and correspond to the number and alignment of the ground prongs 712. In embodiments in which the ground prongs 712 are formed as stamped tabs, the slots 746 may correspond to a dimension that accommodates passage of the tabs.

[0074] A plurality of ground openings 750 may be disposed in the terminal array 510 of the second terminal wafer 404 for mechanically and electrically interconnecting with the ground bumps 712 from the second ground shield 602. For example, as shown in FIG. 38, a ground opening 750 may be formed in the termination 542 of each ground terminal 516 of the terminal array 510 directly below a ground rail 557 that extends across the terminal array. The number and alignment of the ground openings 750 may correspond to the number and alignment of the plurality of ground bumps 712. Notably, because only the signal row of ground bumps 712 extend from the bump plate 710, only a single corresponding row of ground openings 750 is included in the terminal array 510. Because the terminations 542 of the ground terminals 516 are embedded in the terminal support molding 512, the molding openings 752 may be provided by removing material from the terminal support molding to expose the ground openings 750 to the ground bumps 612.

[0075] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 38, the ground openings 750 are non-complementary in shape or alignment to the ground prongs 712 to twist or distort the ground prongs upon insertion. For example, the ground openings 750 can include first and second offset legs 754 that are laterally offset relative to the vertical alignment of the ground prongs 612. As shown in FIGS. 36-37, to attach the second ground shield 602 to the second terminal wafer 404, the prong plate 710 is positioned adjacent to the terminal support molding 512 with the ground prongs 712 aligned with the multiple ground openings 750 of the ground terminals 516. The intermediate plate 740 can be positioned between the terminal support molding 512 and the prong plate 710 such that the ground prongs are received and extend through the slots 746 in the intermediate plate. When the ground prongs 712 are inserted into the ground openings 750, the offset legs 754 rotate or twist the tab-like ground prongs relative to the vertical extension of the ground prongs and the ground terminals 516. The torsional force caused by the distortion of the ground protrusions 712 provides a good mechanical and electrical connection between the second ground shield 602 and each ground terminal 516. As can be seen, because the tab-like ground protrusions 712 extend on both sides of the cable opening 718 of the protrusion plate 710 and the cable opening 744 of the intermediate plate 740, the ground protrusions can shield and insulate the signal conductors in the multiple second cables in the second terminal wafer 602.

[0076] It will be understood that the foregoing description provides examples of the disclosed systems and techniques. However, it is contemplated that other embodiments of the present disclosure may differ in detail from the foregoing examples. All references to the present disclosure or examples thereof are intended to refer to the specific examples discussed at the time, and are not intended to be limiting as to the scope of the present disclosure more generally. All language of distinction and differentiation with respect to specific features is intended to indicate a lack of preference for those features, but is not intended to completely exclude such from the scope of the present disclosure unless specifically stated.

[0077] Recitation of ranges of values ​​herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated herein as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context.

[0078] Accordingly, this disclosure includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the appended claims as permitted by applicable law.Furthermore, this disclosure includes any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context.Furthermore, the advantages described herein may not be applicable to all embodiments encompassed by the claims.

Claims

1. 1. A connector assembly comprising: A plug connector including a plug housing and a plug terminal subassembly, the plug terminal subassembly comprising: a conductive plug terminal array including a plurality of plug signal terminals and a plurality of plug ground terminals; a terminal support molding disposed around the plurality of plug signal terminals and the plurality of plug ground terminals and supporting the plurality of plug signal terminals and the plurality of plug ground terminals; a ground bar including a plurality of blades projecting from a common spine, one of the plurality of blades configured to be mechanically and electrically interconnected with one of the plurality of plug ground terminals; and A receptacle connector including a receptacle housing and a receptacle terminal wafer, the receptacle terminal wafer comprising: a conductive receptacle terminal array including a plurality of receptacle signal terminals and a plurality of receptacle ground terminals; a first receptacle wafer and a second receptacle wafer; an upper cable alignment member including a first plurality of cable bores for aligning cables for the first receptacle wafer; a lower cable alignment member including a plurality of second cable bores for aligning cables for the second receptacle wafer; and A connector assembly comprising:

2. 2. The connector assembly of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower cable alignment members include cooperating projections and recesses to mate and align the upper cable alignment member with the lower cable alignment member.

3. a ground shield protrusion plate located between the first receptacle wafer and the second receptacle wafer of the receptacle connector; the array of conductive receptacle terminals extending at least partially within a common array plane; The connector assembly of claim 1 , wherein said ground shield protrusion plate includes a plurality of ground protrusions extending perpendicular to said common array plane.

4. a plurality of receptacle ground terminals of the conductive receptacle terminal array including a plurality of ground openings; 4. The connector assembly of claim 3, wherein the ground protrusions of the ground shield protrusion plate are non-complementary in shape to the ground openings and twist the receptacle ground terminals when the ground protrusions are inserted into the ground openings.

5. The plug housing includes a mating face, a mounting face spaced from the mating face, and a wall extending between the mating face and the mounting face; the conductive plug terminal array includes a terminal mating end extending above the terminal support molding and a terminal mounting end extending below the terminal support molding; 2. The connector assembly of claim 1, wherein the plug terminal subassembly is configured to move relative to the plug housing between a first operational position in which the terminal mounting end is spaced from the mounting surface and a second operational position in which the terminal mounting end is flush with the mounting surface.

6. A receptacle connector, A housing and a terminal wafer, the terminal wafer comprising: a conductive terminal array including a plurality of signal terminals and a plurality of ground terminals; a first receptacle wafer and a second receptacle wafer; an upper cable alignment member including a plurality of first cable bores for aligning a plurality of cables for the first receptacle wafer; a lower cable alignment member including a plurality of second cable bores for aligning a plurality of cables for the second receptacle wafer; Receptacle connector.

7. 7. The receptacle connector of claim 6, wherein the upper and lower cable alignment members include cooperating projections and recesses to mate and align the upper cable alignment member with the lower cable alignment member.

8. 7. The receptacle connector of claim 6, further comprising a ground shield located between the first receptacle wafer and a second receptacle wafer of the receptacle connector.

9. The receptacle connector of claim 8 , wherein the ground shield includes a plurality of cable openings.

10. the array of conductive terminals extends at least partially within a common array plane; The receptacle connector of claim 8 , wherein the ground shield includes a plurality of ground prongs extending perpendicular to the common array plane.

11. the ground shield includes a protruding plate and an intermediate plate; The protrusion plate includes a plurality of ground protrusions; The receptacle connector of claim 8 , wherein the intermediate plate includes a plurality of slots aligned with a plurality of ground lugs of the lug plate.

12. the conductive terminal array includes a ground opening; the ground shield includes a ground protrusion; 9. The receptacle connector of claim 8, wherein the ground protrusion of the ground shield is non-complementary in shape to the ground opening of the conductive terminal array and twists one of the ground terminals when the ground protrusion is inserted into the ground opening.

13. The receptacle connector of claim 12 , wherein the ground opening includes an offset leg that is laterally offset from the ground lug.

14. each of the plurality of ground terminals of the conductive terminal array includes a ground opening; the ground shield includes a plurality of ground prongs; 9. The receptacle connector of claim 8, wherein the ground prongs are non-complementary in shape to the ground openings and twist the ground terminals when the ground prongs are inserted into the ground openings.

15. A plug connector, a housing including a mating surface, a mounting surface spaced from the mating surface, a wall extending between the mating surface and the mounting surface, and an opening disposed in the mounting surface; a terminal subassembly including a terminal wafer including a plurality of terminals and a terminal support molding disposed around the plurality of terminals and supporting the plurality of terminals, the plurality of terminals including a terminal mating end extending above the terminal support molding and a terminal attachment end extending below the terminal support molding; the terminal subassembly is configured to move relative to the housing between a first position in which the terminal mounting end is spaced from the mounting surface and a second position in which the terminal mounting end is coplanar with the mounting surface. Plug connector.

16. 16. The plug connector of claim 15, wherein in said first position, a flat surface of said terminal mounting end is below a mounting plane of said mounting surface.

17. The plug connector of claim 15 , wherein the housing includes a latch arm configured to support the terminal subassembly in the first position relative to the housing.

18. the terminal support molding includes an upper latch recess and a lower latch recess; the latch arm engages an upper latch recess in the first position; The plug connector of claim 17 , wherein said latch arm engages a lower latch recess in said second position.

19. 16. The plug connector of claim 15, further comprising a ground bar having a plurality of blades projecting from a common spine, each of the plurality of blades configured to be mechanically and electrically interconnected with a corresponding one of a plurality of ground terminals in the plurality of terminals.

20. 20. The plug connector of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of ground terminals includes an opening, and each of the plurality of blades is inserted into the opening of a corresponding one of the plurality of ground terminals.

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