How to lay a vegetation mat

Abstract

To provide a vegetation mat that prevents runoff of carbide made by carbonizing a vegetable raw material or the like, and easily exerts the function of the mat.SOLUTION: A vegetation mat 1 comprises long-sized base material bags 2 unified with sheet-like members 3, 4, 5, where a longitudinal direction of the base material bags 2 is arranged along a contour, and the base material bags 2 houses carbide produced by carbonizing a vegetable raw material in addition to a vegetation base material containing seeds of greening plant, a fertilizer, a growth base material, or a soil improvement material.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a vegetation mat that is used for greening slopes (roads, mountain slopes, riverbeds, riverbanks, lakeshores, etc.). How to lay the cable Regarding. [Background technology]

[0002] Porous carbon materials such as charcoal, which is made by carbonizing plants, and activated carbon have an extremely large internal surface area. When mixed into soil, they improve the soil's air permeability, water retention, permeability, and fertility retention. They also have the effect of retaining soil heat, increasing soil microorganisms, correcting acidic soil, and replenishing minerals, and are therefore used as soil improvement materials.

[0003] The applicant has also developed an anion-adsorbing carbon material, which is a carbon material endowed with anion adsorption properties, and has put it to practical use as a soil improving fertilizer (Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2005-306716 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, since the above-mentioned carbon materials are used in the form of being scattered on the ground surface or buried in layers in the soil, there is a risk that the charcoal itself or the soil above the charcoal layer may be washed away by strong winds, heavy rain, etc., and ultimately the functionality of the charcoal may not be fully realized.

[0006] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned matters, and its object is to provide a vegetation mat which can easily perform its function while preventing the runoff of carbonized matter obtained by carbonizing plant raw materials. How to lay the cable The purpose of this invention is to provide [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the vegetation mat of the present invention How to lay the cable The bag is provided by integrating a long base material bag with a sheet-like member. A plurality of base material bags are arranged at intervals from the shoulder side to the toe side. Vegetation mat How to lay the cable The longitudinal direction of the base material bag is arranged along the contour line, and the base material bag contains a vegetation base material including seeds of greening plants, fertilizer, growth base material, or soil improvement material, as well as carbonized plant raw material. For the base material bag located relatively closer to the toe of the slope, the amount of carbonized material to be stored is small and the amount of fertilizer is large, and for the base material bag located relatively closer to the toe of the slope, the amount of carbonized material to be stored is large and the amount of fertilizer is small. This is characterized by the above (Claim 1).

[0008] The above vegetation mat How to lay the cable In the above, the carbide may be capable of selectively adsorbing monovalent anions (claim 2).

[0009] The above vegetation mat How to lay the cable In the above, the carbonized material may be a material obtained by carbonizing a calcium-introduced raw material obtained by introducing calcium ions into a plant-derived raw material (claim 3).

[0010] The above vegetation mat How to lay the cable In the above, the plant-based material may be coffee grounds (claim 4). Effect of the Invention

[0011] The present invention provides a vegetation mat that can easily perform its function while preventing the runoff of carbonized plant materials and the like. How to lay the cable is obtained.

[0012] That is, the vegetation mat of the invention according to each claim of this application How to lay the cable In this method, the carbonized material made from carbonized plant raw materials and the vegetation substrate are contained within a substrate bag, preventing them from being washed away by strong winds, heavy rain, etc., and making it easier for the carbonized material to fully demonstrate its functions.

[0013] In addition, plants grow by absorbing carbon dioxide from the air and fixing it in their bodies, and this carbon dioxide is released back into the air when the plant is burned or rotten. How to lay the cable In this method, carbonized plant materials are used, which are less likely to decay and limit the release of carbon dioxide into the air. This helps to curb global warming by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, released into the air.

[0014] Furthermore, the vegetation mat of the present invention How to lay the cable In this study, by storing the carbonized material in a substrate bag together with other vegetation substrates containing other components, it is possible to improve the water and soil environment by activating soil microorganisms such as actinomycetes, increasing fertilizer retention by increasing humus, and promoting soil aggregate formation.

[0015] The vegetation mat of the invention according to claim 2 How to lay the cable In this method, nitrate nitrogen, an environmentally harmful substance, can be adsorbed onto a carbonized material that can selectively adsorb monovalent anions, which effectively prevents the pollution of groundwater, rivers, etc. caused by nitrogen leaching from fertilizers (chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers) contained in the substrate bag.

[0016] The vegetation mat of the invention according to claim 3 How to lay the cable In this method, functional carbon, which is a carbonized product obtained by carbonizing the calcium-introducing raw material, is used, and the nitrate nitrogen adsorbed to this functional carbon will not be washed away by rainfall, etc., but can be used as a nutrient by plants. Therefore, the nitrogen leached from the fertilizer adsorbed to the functional carbon becomes a nutrient for plants and is efficiently used for plant growth, making it possible to reduce the amount of fertilizer (or the amount of nitrogen contained in the fertilizer) contained in the substrate bag. In addition, since the functional carbon can re-adsorb nitrate nitrogen after nitrate nitrogen has been adsorbed by plants, it is extremely effective in preventing nitrogen pollution and can also be used very efficiently.

[0017] Approximately 400,000 tons of coffee beans are imported to Japan annually, and most of the coffee grounds generated after extraction are incinerated. Therefore, there is a strong demand for effective use of coffee grounds. How to lay the cable In this case, the coffee grounds can be effectively utilized, which contributes to the SDGs. Moreover, to obtain the carbonized material of the invention according to claim 4, all that is required is to mix the coffee grounds with calcium chloride and carbonize them, making the manufacturing method simple and, combined with the extremely low cost of raw materials, making it extremely advantageous in terms of economic rationality. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] 1(A) and 1(B) are an explanatory view and an exploded perspective view of a vegetation mat (laid on a slope) according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2A is a longitudinal sectional view of the vegetation mat, and FIG. 2B is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified example of the vegetation mat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0019] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

[0020] FIG. 1(A) shows a vegetation mat 1 laid on a slope N. This vegetation mat 1 includes a plurality of long base material bags 2 integrated with sheet-like members 3, 4, and 5.

[0021] That is, as shown in Figures 1(B) and 2(A), the vegetation mat 1 has an erosion prevention material 3, a retaining sheet (crepe paper in this example) 4, and a net-like member 5 laminated in that order from the bottom, and as shown in Figure 2(A), a base material bag 2 and coarse fibers 6 are sandwiched between the erosion prevention material 3 and the retaining sheet 4, which are integrated with a connector 7 such as a stapler. Then, as shown in Figure 1(A), the vegetation mat 1 can be laid and fixed on the slope N by appropriately driving anchor pins 8, 9.

[0022] The substrate bag 2 is a long, thin, cylindrical bag-like body with both ends closed, which contains the vegetative substrate and the charcoal.

[0023] Here, the vegetation substrate contained in the substrate bag 2 includes seeds of greening plants (vegetation seeds) or fertilizer or growth base materials (soil, water-retaining materials, admixtures, etc.) or soil improvement materials, such as those mainly composed of vermiculite and containing vegetation seeds, or topsoil seed banks, specifically those made by appropriately mixing growth aids such as peat moss, bark compost, and water-retaining materials with topsoil containing vegetation seeds from natural ground or forests near the slope N on which the vegetation mat 1 is laid.

[0024] The carbonized material contained in the substrate bag 2 is a carbonized material obtained by carbonizing a plant-based raw material, and can be, for example, an anion-adsorbing carbon material obtained by contacting and kneading a metal chloride (e.g., calcium chloride) at an appropriate concentration (e.g., 1 to 20% by weight) with a plant-based raw material (coffee grounds) by an appropriate means (e.g., dropping, applying, spraying, atomizing, immersion, etc.) and then carbonizing the resulting material at an appropriate temperature (e.g., 400 to 1000°C, preferably 500 to 900°C, most preferably 600 to 800°C) to contain the metal chloride in the carbonized material.

[0025] Here, the contact and kneading of the plant raw material with the metal chloride when obtaining the anion-adsorbing carbon material is considered to be carried out in a state with an appropriate amount of moisture, and it is preferable to keep at least one of the plant raw material and the metal chloride in a wet state (including a solution state) or to put both into water and mix them. Therefore, for example, when wet coffee grounds are used as the plant raw material, calcium chloride as the metal chloride to be contacted and kneaded with it may be in a dry state (solid state) or in a wet state (liquid state), and also when a solution containing calcium ions is brought into contact with the plant raw material to obtain a calcium-introducing raw material and this calcium-introducing raw material is carbonized to obtain the anion-adsorbing carbon material, the plant raw material may be in a dry state or in a wet state.

[0026] The anion-adsorbing carbon material thus obtained has anion adsorption properties because an anion capable of ion-exchange with the anion to be adsorbed (e.g., chloride ion) is bound to the functional group formed on the micropore wall of the carbide, either directly or via a metal. Unlike conventional ion exchange resins, such anion-adsorbing carbon material selectively adsorbs only monovalent anions (nitrate ion, nitrite ion, fluoride ion, bromate ion, chlorate ion, iodate ion, etc.).

[0027] When calcium hydroxide is used as the metal chloride in obtaining the anion-adsorbing carbon material, it is preferable to contact and knead the plant-derived raw material with the metal chloride, carbonize the mixture, and then perform an acid treatment (for example, a treatment of immersion in an HCl solution); however, when calcium chloride is used as the metal chloride, such an acid treatment may be unnecessary.

[0028] On the other hand, the bag-like body constituting the substrate bag 2 can be formed using a sheet-like body that is impermeable to vegetation substrates and carbonized materials and has water or moisture permeability. For example, when storing seeds of greening plants in the substrate bag 2, it goes without saying that the substrate bag 2 should have properties that do not inhibit the germination or root growth of the seeds.

[0029] Since the erosion prevention material 3 is a member that comes into contact with the slope N when the vegetation mat 1 is laid on it, it is preferable that it has excellent adhesion to the slope N and has an erosion prevention effect, and at the same time, it is preferable that it does not inhibit the growth of shoots or roots of plants growing in the area where the vegetation mat 1 is laid, and can firmly hold the coarse fibers 6 arranged on the upper side of the erosion prevention material 3. In this example, a cotton sheet is used as the erosion prevention material 3, and the softness of the cotton sheet gives it excellent adhesion to the slope N, and its structure makes it easy to make the mesh appropriately dense so that it also has excellent water absorption and heat retention.

[0030] The retaining sheet 4 is intended to prevent the coarse fibers 6 from leaking through the mesh of the net-like member 5 on the upper side of the vegetation mat 1 when the vegetation mat 1 is transported, etc., and it is desirable for the retaining sheet 4 to have water permeability, a mesh size smaller than that of the net-like member 5, and a tensile strength that does not impede the germination and root growth of vegetation seeds. The retaining sheet 4 in this example is made of vegetable fibers (with a basis weight of 13 g / m 2 ) crepe paper is used.

[0031] It is preferable that the net-like member 5 has a strength capable of holding down and holding down other members below the net-like member 5 so that they are not blown away by strong winds, etc., when the vegetation mat 1 is laid on the slope N. In this example, the net-like member 5 is made of twisted coconut fibers with a mesh size of about 5 to 100 mm and a weight per unit area of ​​300 to 1000 g / m 2 The net is made of coconut fiber, with each coconut fiber having a diameter of approximately 0.1 to 0.3 mm and containing continuous holes with a diameter of 3 to 15 mm, giving the net excellent water retention and the ability to prevent the loss of topsoil from the slope.

[0032] The coarse fibers 6 are selected from at least one of wood wool, wood chips, shredder dust, plant stems and leaves such as straw, disintegrated bark, and disintegrated cloth fibers. In particular, when wood wool, wood chips, shredder dust, disintegrated bark, and other materials derived from trees are selected, the porosity of the fibers themselves contributes to heat retention and humidity control, which is beneficial for plant growth and is desirable. Among these, wood wool is desirable because it has the greatest effect due to the above-mentioned action. Wood wool, wood chips, and bark can be obtained inexpensively by using thinned wood and fallen wood. For example, when thinned wood of a conifer is processed into a wood wool-like material and used as the coarse fibers 6, the conifer has a tracheid structure and a large surface area, so that the coarse fibers 6 have excellent water retention and heat retention properties.

[0033] The vegetation mat 1 in this example (each of the three sheet-like members 3, 4, 5) as a whole has a generally rectangular shape, for example, 1 m wide × 2 to 5 m long, and is arranged so that its short side (width direction) is along the contour line of the slope N. Furthermore, each substrate bag 2 has its longitudinal direction extending in the short side (width direction) of the vegetation mat 1, that is, the substrate bag 2 is arranged so that its longitudinal direction is also along the contour line. The longitudinal dimension of the substrate bag 2 and the short side dimension of the vegetation mat 1 are approximately the same, and the multiple substrate bags 2 are arranged at appropriate intervals (for example, 10 cm intervals) in the longitudinal direction of the vegetation mat 1.

[0034] In the vegetation mat 1 of this example constructed as described above, the carbonized plant raw materials and the vegetation base material are contained within the base material bag 2, thereby preventing these from being washed away by strong winds, heavy rain, etc., and thereby making it easier for the carbonized material to fully exhibit its functions.

[0035] In addition, plants grow by absorbing carbon dioxide from the air and fixing it inside their bodies, and this carbon dioxide is released back into the air when the plant is burned or rotted. However, the vegetation mat 1 in this example uses carbonized plant raw materials, which are less likely to rot and in this form can limit the release of carbon dioxide into the air, thereby contributing to the prevention of global warming by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, released into the air.

[0036] Furthermore, in the vegetation mat 1 of this example, by storing the carbonized material in the substrate bag 2 together with the vegetation substrate containing other components, it is possible to improve the water and soil environment by activating soil microorganisms such as actinomycetes, increasing fertilizer retention by increasing humus, and promoting soil aggregate formation.

[0037] In the vegetation mat 1 of this example, when a carbonized material (anion-adsorbing carbon material) capable of selectively adsorbing monovalent anions is contained in the substrate bag 2, this carbonized material can be made to adsorb nitrate nitrogen, which is an environmentally hazardous substance, so that, for example, pollution of groundwater, rivers, etc. due to nitrogen leaching from fertilizers (chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers), etc. contained in the substrate bag 2 can be effectively suppressed.

[0038] In addition, the vegetation mat 1 of this embodiment uses functional carbon obtained by carbonizing the calcium-introducing raw material, and the nitrate nitrogen adsorbed to this functional carbon is not washed away by rainfall, etc., but can be used as a nutrient by plants (see <Plant Growth Function Test> described later). Therefore, the leached nitrogen from the fertilizer adsorbed to the functional carbon becomes a nutrient for plants and is efficiently used for plant growth, making it possible to reduce the amount of fertilizer (or the amount of nitrogen contained in the fertilizer) contained in the substrate bag. In addition, since the functional carbon can re-adsorb nitrate nitrogen after nitrate nitrogen has been adsorbed by plants (see <Nitrate Nitrogen Re-Adsorption Ability Test> described later), it is extremely effective in preventing nitrogen pollution and can also be used very efficiently with nitrate nitrogen.

[0039] Approximately 400,000 tons of coffee beans are imported to Japan annually, and most of the coffee grounds after extraction are incinerated, so there is a strong demand for effective use of coffee grounds, and the vegetation mat 1 of this example makes effective use of coffee grounds, contributing to the SDGs. Moreover, to obtain the carbonized material used in the vegetation mat 1 of this example, it is sufficient to mix coffee grounds with calcium chloride and carbonize them, so the manufacturing method is simple, and coupled with the extremely low cost of raw materials, it is extremely advantageous in terms of economic rationality.

[0040] In this example, the vegetation mat 1 only needs to be attached to the slope N with anchor pins 8, 9, making construction very easy, and since a large plant such as a vegetation base material spraying plant is not required, environmental measures such as plant installation, noise, and wastewater are not necessary.

[0041] The carbonized material stored in the substrate bag 2 of the vegetation mat 1 of this example can be functional carbon (anion-adsorbing carbon material) obtained by carbonizing calcium-introduced raw material in which calcium ions are introduced into a plant-based raw material, specifically functional carbon (manufactured by Nippon Shokusei Co., Ltd.) obtained by carbonizing wet coffee grounds mixed with calcium chloride. Therefore, the following describes evaluation tests performed on this functional carbon. The regular charcoal used in the following tests was simply carbonized cypress chips, and the anion exchange resin was "Amberlite IRA400J" (manufactured by Organo Co., Ltd.).

[0042] <Nitrate nitrogen adsorption capacity test> 200 mg each of ordinary charcoal, functional charcoal, and anion exchange resin were added to a nitrate nitrogen solution (50 mg / L (NO3 - The material was immersed in 50 ml of nitrate-nitrogen for 10 hours (20°C) and the amount of nitrate nitrogen adsorbed was measured, and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.

[0043] [Table 1]

[0044] As shown in Table 1, no nitrate nitrogen adsorption was observed with ordinary charcoal, but functional charcoal was found to have the same nitrate nitrogen adsorption capacity as anion exchange resin.

[0045] <Plant growth function test> 1 / 5000a Wagner pots filled with decomposed granite soil were placed in plots 1 to 5, with no other additives in plot 1, 30g of regular charcoal added in plot 2, 30g of functional charcoal added in plot 3, 30g of charcoal soaked in a 1000ppm nitrate nitrogen solution, washed and dried added in plot 4, and 30g of functional charcoal soaked in a 1000ppm nitrate nitrogen solution, washed and dried added in plot 5. 40 tall fescue plants were placed in each pot, grown for a certain period of time, and the dry weight of the roots (underground part) and stems (above ground part) and the nitrogen content per gram of plant were measured, with the results shown in Table 2. 1st group: Control group (no additive) Section 2: Charcoal added section Section 3: Section with functional carbon added Section 4: Section containing charcoal soaked in nitrate nitrogen Section 5: Section with functional carbon soaked in nitrate nitrogen added

[0046] [Table 2]

[0047] As shown in Table 2, the results in area 3, where functional charcoal was added, were equivalent to those in areas 1, 2, and 4, where no functional charcoal was added. Here, the functional charcoal is made from unfermented coffee grounds, and when using coffee grounds as a substitute for compost, it is recommended that they be fermented sufficiently before use, as it is known that if coffee grounds are used without fermentation, the growth inhibitors contained in the coffee grounds will inhibit plant growth. However, it can be seen that the functional charcoal mentioned above, despite using unfermented coffee grounds, does not inhibit plant growth.

[0048] As shown in Table 2, the 5th plot, to which the functional carbon soaked in nitrate nitrogen was added, showed higher values ​​for both dry matter weight and nitrogen content compared to the other test plots. This shows that the nitrate nitrogen adsorbed by the functional carbon is available to plants as nutrients.

[0049] <Nitrate nitrogen re-adsorption ability test> First, an adsorption test was conducted by immersing 1 g of functional carbon in 150 ml of a 100 mg / L nitrate nitrogen solution and measuring the amount of nitrate nitrogen adsorbed. After that, the nitrate nitrogen adsorbed on the functional carbon was washed and regenerated with a 1 mol / L KCl solution, and the above adsorption test was conducted again. This procedure was repeated 10 times, and the results in Table 3 were obtained.

[0050] [Table 3]

[0051] As shown in Table 3, the amount of nitrate nitrogen adsorbed per gram of functional carbon was approximately 10 mg even after the 10th regeneration, and the adsorption performance was maintained. From this, it can be said that functional carbon has the ability to re-adsorb nitrate nitrogen, and even if nitrate nitrogen that it has once adsorbed is taken by a plant, for example, it will adsorb the nitrate nitrogen if newly supplied.

[0052] It is to be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the following modifications can be mentioned.

[0053] Generally, when a vegetation mat is laid on a slope N, because the slope N is inclined, rainfall or other factors can cause water to flow down the surface of the slope N, and if the fertilizer components contained in the laid vegetation mat are leached into the flowing water, they will flow to the foot of the slope. As a result, more fertilizer components are distributed to the foot of the slope than to the top of the slope. This, combined with the fact that more water is retained at the foot of the slope than to the top of the slope, actually means that when a vegetation mat is laid on a slope N, the vegetation condition is often best near the foot of the slope, regardless of the type of vegetation mat.

[0054] In this regard, the charcoal contained in the base material bag 2 in the vegetation mat 1 of this example has the function of receiving the fertilizer components flowing down from the toe side of the slope and suppressing their movement to the toe side of the slope. Therefore, for example, in a vegetation mat 1 in which a plurality of base material bags 2 are arranged at intervals from the toe side of the slope to the toe side of the slope, the amounts of charcoal and fertilizer (and water-retentive material) contained in each base material bag 2 may be uniform, but instead, the base material bags 2 located relatively closer to the toe side of the slope may contain a smaller amount of charcoal and a larger amount of fertilizer (and water-retentive material), and the base material bags 2 located relatively closer to the toe side of the slope may contain a larger amount of charcoal and a smaller amount of fertilizer (and water-retentive material). In this way, the fertilizer components (and moisture) that leach into the flowing water and flow down can be efficiently adsorbed by the carbonized substrate bag 2 (and water retaining material) at the foot of the slope, thereby alleviating the bias in which more fertilizer components (and moisture) are distributed toward the foot of the slope than toward the top of the slope, as mentioned above, and ultimately achieving uniform greening across the entire slope N.

[0055] In the vegetation mat 1 shown in Fig. 2(A), the vegetation substrate is held only in the substrate bag 2, i.e., only one layer of the vegetation substrate is provided, but this is not limiting, and two or more layers of the vegetation substrate may be provided. For example, as shown in Fig. 2(B), it is possible to provide a space for accommodating the vegetation substrate under the vegetation mat 1 shown in Fig. 2(A), and in this example, a second mat 10 containing the vegetation substrate is placed under the vegetation mat 1 and the two are integrated with a connector 11 such as a stapler, and the upper surface 10a of the second mat 10 is made of crepe paper, and the lower surface 10b is made of jute felt.

[0056] It goes without saying that the above modifications may be combined as appropriate. [Explanation of symbols]

[0057] 1 Vegetation mat 2 Base material bag 3. Erosion prevention materials 4 Retaining Sheet 5. Net-like member 6. Coarse Fiber 7 Connectors 8 Anchor Pin 9 Anchor pin 10 Mat 2 10a Top part 10b Bottom part 11 Connectors N Slope

Claims

1. A method for laying a vegetation mat, which comprises integrating a long base material bag into a sheet-like member and arranging multiple base material bags at intervals from the toe side of the slope, wherein the longitudinal direction of the base material bags is arranged along the contour lines, and the base material bags contain vegetation base material including seeds of greening plants, fertilizer, growth base material, or soil improvement material, as well as carbonized plant raw materials, and the base material bags located relatively closer to the toe of the slope contain a smaller amount of carbonized material and a larger amount of fertilizer, and the base material bags located relatively closer to the toe of the slope contain a larger amount of carbonized material and a smaller amount of fertilizer.

2. The method for laying a vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein the carbonized material is capable of selectively adsorbing monovalent anions.

3. 3. The method for laying a vegetation mat according to claim 2, wherein the carbonized material is a calcium-introduced raw material obtained by introducing calcium ions into a plant-based raw material and then carbonizing the calcium-introduced raw material.

4. 4. The method for laying a vegetation mat according to claim 3, wherein the plant material is coffee grounds.

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