Battery Module

Abstract

To provide a battery module in which a stack including battery cells can be accurately positioned even when the battery module vibrates.SOLUTION: A battery module includes: a stack including a plurality of battery cells arranged side by side in a first direction, each battery cell having a housing with a prismatic shape and an electrode terminal provided on the housing; binding members provided to be arranged side by side with respect to the plurality of battery cells in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the binding members binding the stack along the first direction; and an insulating cover member provided to cover the stack from the opposite side of the electrode terminal in a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction. There is provided a reference surface for positioning the stack in the third direction. The cover member includes a biasing portion that biases the stack in a direction away from the cover member. The biasing portion biases the stack to press the stack against the reference surface.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 14

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present technology relates to a battery module. [Background technology]

[0002] As shown in Patent Documents 1 to 4, it is conventionally known to position battery cells in a battery module. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2012-014962 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2016-157586 A [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2021 / 033476 [Patent Document 4] International Publication No. 2020 / 194929 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Battery modules used in vehicles and the like may be subject to vibration due to the external environment, and even in such cases, it is necessary to position the battery cells with high precision.

[0005] An object of the present technology is to provide a battery module that is capable of accurately positioning a stack including battery cells even when vibration is present. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present technology provides the following battery module.

[0007] [1] A battery module comprising: a stack including a plurality of battery cells arranged in a first direction, each of the battery cells having a rectangular housing and an electrode terminal provided on the housing; a restraining member arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction with respect to the plurality of battery cells, the restraining member restraining the stack along the first direction; and an insulating cover member arranged to cover the stack from the opposite side of the electrode terminal in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions, wherein a reference surface is provided for positioning the stack in the third direction, the cover member including a biasing portion that biases the stack in a direction away from the cover member, the biasing portion biasing the stack to press it against the reference surface.

[0008] [2] The battery module described in [1], wherein the restraint member includes an opposing portion that faces the laminate from the opposite side of the cover member in the third direction, and the reference surface is constituted by the opposing portion.

[0009] [3] The battery module described in [1] or [2], wherein the cover member includes a protrusion that protrudes toward the stack, and when the stack moves in a direction toward the cover member against the biasing force of the biasing portion, the protrusion abuts against the stack to support the stack.

[0010] [4] The battery module according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the biasing portion includes a leaf spring provided on the cover member.

[0011] [5] The battery module according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the biasing portion is provided symmetrically with respect to the center of the cover member in the second direction.

[0012] [6] The battery module described in any one of [1] to [5], wherein the cover member has a through hole at a position overlapping with the biasing portion in the third direction.

[0013] [7] The battery module described in any one of [1] to [6], wherein the laminate further includes a case that houses and supports the multiple battery cells in at least a first direction, forming a unit including the multiple battery cells.

[0014] [8] The battery module described in [7], wherein the units each include two or more battery cells, and each of the two or more battery cells has a power density of 8000 W / L or more. Effect of the Invention

[0015] According to the present technology, it is possible to provide a battery module that is capable of accurately positioning a stack including battery cells even when vibration is present. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a battery module (part 1). [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view (part 2) showing the battery module. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is an exploded view showing the battery module. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a battery cell unit that constitutes a battery module. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a battery cell that constitutes a battery cell unit. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a bottom cover body. [Figure 7] FIG. [Figure 8] 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7. [Figure 9] 11 is an enlarged perspective view of a drainage hole (first drainage portion) provided in the center of the bottom cover body in the X-axis direction. FIG. [Figure 10] 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG. 7. [Figure 11] 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XI-XI in FIG. [Figure 12] 13 is an enlarged perspective view of a groove (second drainage portion) provided at the end portion in the Y-axis direction of the bottom cover body. FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a state in which the battery module is tilted. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a state in which the battery module is biased toward a reference surface. [Figure 15] 13 is a diagram showing a state in which the battery module has moved toward the bottom cover body against the biasing force. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present technology will be described. Note that the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference characters, and description thereof will not be repeated.

[0018] In the embodiments described below, when referring to the number, amount, etc., the scope of the present technology is not necessarily limited to the number, amount, etc., unless otherwise specified. In addition, in the following embodiments, each component is not necessarily essential to the present technology, unless otherwise specified. In addition, the present technology is not necessarily limited to those that achieve all of the effects and advantages mentioned in the present embodiment.

[0019] In this specification, the words "comprise", "include" and "have" are open-ended, i.e., when a certain configuration is included, other configurations may or may not be included.

[0020] Furthermore, when geometric terms and terms expressing positional and directional relationships, such as "parallel," "orthogonal," "45° diagonal," "coaxial," and "along" are used in this specification, these terms allow for manufacturing errors and slight variations. When terms expressing relative positional relationships, such as "upper side" and "lower side," are used in this specification, these terms are used to indicate relative positional relationships in one state, and the relative positional relationships can be inverted or rotated to any angle depending on the installation direction of each mechanism (for example, by turning the entire mechanism upside down).

[0021] In this specification, the term "battery" is not limited to lithium ion batteries, but may include other batteries such as nickel-metal hydride batteries and sodium ion batteries. In this specification, the term "electrode" may collectively refer to a positive electrode and a negative electrode.

[0022] Figures 1 and 2 are perspective views showing a battery module in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is an exploded view showing the battery module in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 4 is a perspective view showing a battery cell unit constituting the battery module in Figure 1. Figure 5 is a perspective view showing a battery cell constituting the battery cell unit in Figure 1.

[0023] 1 to 5, a battery module 1 is used as a power source for driving a vehicle such as a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), or a battery electric vehicle (BEV).

[0024] In this specification, for convenience of explaining the structure of the battery module 1, an axis extending parallel to the stacking direction of the multiple battery cells 11 described later is referred to as the "Y axis", an axis extending in a direction perpendicular to the Y axis based on the "Y axis" is referred to as the "X axis", and an axis extending in a direction perpendicular to the Y axis and the X axis is referred to as the "Z axis". The diagonally upper right direction on the paper surface of FIG. 1 is the "+Y axis direction", and the diagonally lower left direction is the "-Y axis direction". The diagonally lower right direction on the paper surface of FIG. 1 is the "+X axis direction", and the diagonally upper left direction is the "-X axis direction". The upward direction on the paper surface of FIG. 1 is the "+Z axis direction", and the downward direction is the "-Z axis direction". Typically, the battery module 1 is mounted on a vehicle in a position in which the +Z axis direction corresponds to the upward direction, and the -Z axis direction corresponds to the downward direction.

[0025] First, there will be described the overall structure of the battery module 1. As shown in Fig. 3, the battery module 1 has a plurality of battery cell units 21 (21A, 21B, 21C, 21D, 21E, 21F).

[0026] The multiple battery cell units 21 are aligned in the Y-axis direction. Battery cell unit 21A, battery cell unit 21B, battery cell unit 21C, battery cell unit 21D, battery cell unit 21E, and battery cell unit 21F are aligned in the listed order from the negative side to the positive side in the Y-axis direction. Note that the number of battery cell units 21 provided in the battery module 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is two or more.

[0027] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, each of the battery cell units 21A to 21F has a plurality of battery cells 11 and a case body 31.

[0028] In each battery cell unit 21, two battery cells 11 are arranged consecutively in the Y-axis direction. The number of battery cells 11 provided in each battery cell unit 21 is not particularly limited as long as it is a plurality of battery cells.

[0029] The battery cells 11 are lithium ion batteries. As an example, the battery cells 11 may have a power density of 8000 W / L or more. The battery cells 11 have a rectangular shape. More specifically, the battery cells 11 have a rectangular parallelepiped thin plate shape. The multiple battery cells 11 are stacked such that the Y-axis direction is the thickness direction of the battery cells 11.

[0030] The battery cell 11 has an exterior body 12. The exterior body 12 is made of a rectangular parallelepiped housing, and forms the external appearance of the battery cell 11. The exterior body 12 contains an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.

[0031] Exterior body 12 has cell side surface 13, cell side surface 14, and cell top surface 15. Each of cell side surface 13 and cell side surface 14 consists of a plane perpendicular to the Y-axis direction. Cell side surface 13 and cell side surface 14 face opposite each other in the Y-axis direction. Each of cell side surface 13 and cell side surface 14 has the largest area among the multiple side surfaces that exterior body 12 has. Cell top surface 15 consists of a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. Cell top surface 15 faces the +Z-axis direction.

[0032] Battery cell 11 further has a gas exhaust valve 17. Gas exhaust valve 17 is provided on cell top surface 15. Gas exhaust valve 17 is provided in the center of cell top surface 15 in the X-axis direction. When gas generated inside exterior body 12 causes the internal pressure of exterior body 12 to reach or exceed a predetermined value, gas exhaust valve 17 exhausts the gas to the outside of exterior body 12. Gas from gas exhaust valve 17 flows through duct 71, which will be described later, and is exhausted to the outside of battery module 1.

[0033] The battery cell 11 further has electrode terminals 16, each of which is a pair of a positive terminal 16P and a negative terminal 16N. The electrode terminals 16 are provided on a cell top surface 15. The positive terminal 16P and the negative terminal 16N are provided on either side of the gas release valve 17 in the X-axis direction.

[0034] The case body 31 has a rectangular parallelepiped appearance. The case body 31 is made of resin. In each battery cell unit 21, the case body 31 houses a plurality of battery cells 11. The case body 31 has a case top 32. The case top 32 has a wall shape with the Z-axis direction being the thickness direction and disposed parallel to the X-axis-Y-axis plane.

[0035] As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a plurality of battery cells 11 are stacked in the Y-axis direction (first direction) across the battery cell units 21A to 21F arranged in the Y-axis direction. The plurality of battery cells 11 are stacked such that the cell side surfaces 13 face each other and the cell side surfaces 14 face each other between the battery cells 11 adjacent in the Y-axis direction. As a result, the positive electrode terminals 16P and the negative electrode terminals 16N are alternately arranged in the Y-axis direction in which the plurality of battery cells 11 are stacked. The positive electrode terminals 16P and the negative electrode terminals 16N adjacent in the Y-axis direction are connected to each other by a bus bar (not shown). As a result, the plurality of battery cells 11 are electrically connected to each other in series.

[0036] 1 to 3, the battery module 1 further includes a pair of end plates 42 (42P, 42Q) and a pair of bind bars 43 (restraint members). The pair of bind bars 43 and the pair of end plates 42 integrally hold multiple battery cell units 21 (multiple battery cells 11) aligned in the Y-axis direction.

[0037] The pair of end plates 42 are respectively arranged at both ends of the multiple battery cells 11 (multiple battery cell units 21) in the Y axis direction. The end plate 42P faces the battery cell unit 21A in the Y axis direction, and the end plate 42Q faces the battery cell unit 21F in the Y axis direction.

[0038] The pair of bind bars 43 are disposed at both ends of the stack of battery cells 11 in the X-axis direction (second direction). That is, the pair of bind bars 43 are provided so as to be aligned in the X-axis direction with respect to the multiple battery cell units 21 and the end plates 42. The bind bars 43 extend in the Y-axis direction. An end of the bind bar 43 in the -Y-axis direction is connected to the end plate 42P by a bolt 44. An end of the bind bar 43 in the +Y-axis direction is connected to the end plate 42Q by a bolt 44. The pair of bind bars 43, together with the pair of end plates 42, apply a restraining force in the Y-axis direction to the multiple battery cells 11 (multiple battery cell units 21). Note that a retainer may be further provided that extends in the X-axis direction while intersecting with a duct 71 described later and is connected at both ends to the pair of bind bars 43.

[0039] Stud bolts 45 are attached to the end plates 42. The battery module 1 is fixed to a support mechanism (such as a pack case) via the stud bolts 45. The battery module 1 further includes a duct 71 and a cover body 51 .

[0040] The duct 71 is made of resin such as polybutylene terephthalate resin (PBT resin). The duct 71 extends in the Y-axis direction while facing the multiple battery cells 11 (multiple battery cell units 21) in the Z-axis direction (third direction). The duct 71 is an elongated body extending in the Y-axis direction. The duct 71 forms a passage through which gas discharged from the multiple battery cells 11 flows. The duct 71 is attached to the mounting member 30. The mounting member 30 is a member held by the battery cells 11, and in this embodiment, is composed of multiple case bodies 31 arranged in the Y-axis direction.

[0041] The cover body 51 is made of resin. The cover body 51 is provided so as to cover the multiple battery cells 11 in the Z-axis direction. The cover body 51 is provided so as to face the case top 32 of the case body 31 in the Z-axis direction. The cover body 51 is provided so as to further cover the duct 71.

[0042] 2 is an insulating member made of insulating resin. The bottom cover body 81 is provided so as to cover the multiple battery cells 11 in the Z-axis direction. The bottom cover body 81 is provided facing the bottom of the case body 31 (the side opposite the case top 32) in the Z-axis direction. By providing the insulating bottom cover body 81, the insulation properties of the bottom side of the battery module 1 can be improved.

[0043] Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing bottom cover body 81. Fig. 7 is a top view showing bottom cover body 81. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7.

[0044] 6 to 8, bottom cover body 81 (cover member) has a bottom surface 81A and a wall surface portion 81B. Wall surface portion 81B is provided so as to rise substantially perpendicularly to bottom surface 81A from the outer periphery of bottom surface 81A. Bottom surface 81A and wall surface portion 81B are typically formed by integral molding of resin.

[0045] The bottom cover body 81 includes a through hole 100 provided at the center in the X-axis direction, a leaf spring 200 and a through hole 300 provided on both sides of the through hole 100 in the X-axis direction, protrusions 400 provided at both ends in the X-axis direction, and groove portions 500 provided at the four corners.

[0046] The through holes 100 and 300 are provided in an area 600 on the central side in the X-axis direction (second direction) of the bottom cover body 81. The through holes 100 and 300 constitute a "first drainage section" located in the central part of the bottom cover body 81 in the X-axis direction. The groove section 500 is provided in an area 700 at the end of the bottom cover body 81 in the X-axis direction (second direction). The groove section 500 constitutes a "second drainage section" located at both ends (four corners) of the bottom cover body 81 in the X-axis direction and Y-axis direction. Moisture such as condensation water accumulated on the bottom surface 81A of the bottom cover body 81 is discharged from above the bottom cover body 81 through the through holes 100 and 300 and the groove section 500.

[0047] In the region 600, the bottom surface 81A of the bottom cover body 81 has an inclined surface that inclines downward (in the -Z-axis direction) toward the through-hole 100 located at the center in the X-axis direction. Therefore, when the battery module 1 is installed horizontally as a whole, moisture that accumulates on the region 600 easily flows toward the through-hole 100, facilitating the discharge of moisture. Note that the formation of the above-mentioned inclined surface is not a required configuration for the present technology.

[0048] In one example, through hole 100 is a round hole with a diameter of about 7 mm, through hole 300 is a square hole with a size of about 6 mm (Y-axis direction) × 8 mm (X-axis direction), and groove portion 500 has a width (X-axis direction) of about 10 mm. However, the shapes and dimensions of through holes 100, 300 and groove portion 500 are not limited to those described above and can be changed as appropriate.

[0049] The protrusions 400 provided in the region 700 have a substantially circular cross-sectional shape as an example, but the protrusions 400 may have a cross-sectional shape other than a substantially circular shape, such as a substantially polygonal shape. By providing the protrusions 400 with a substantially circular cross-sectional shape, resistance to the flow of moisture such as condensation water discharged from the region 700 through the groove portion 500 can be reduced.

[0050] In the present embodiment, as an example, six sets of leaf springs 200 and twelve sets of protrusions 400 are provided in the Y-axis direction for six battery cell units 21. The number and arrangement of the leaf springs 200 and protrusions 400 can be changed as appropriate.

[0051] The size of the protrusion 400 can also be changed as appropriate. As one example, the diameter (e.g., approximately 4 mm in diameter) and shape (circular) of the top surface 400A can be set so that the case body 31 of the battery cell unit 21 does not undergo plastic deformation even when a predetermined load (e.g., 120 N) is applied.

[0052] The leaf spring 200 (biasing portion) biases the laminate in a direction away from the bottom cover body 81 (+Z-axis direction). The leaf spring 200 may be formed by integral molding with the bottom surface 81A and wall surface portion 81B of the bottom cover body 81, or may be formed as a separate member and attached. The leaf spring 200 is provided at a position overlapping with the through hole 300 in the Z-axis direction. The leaf spring 200 is formed so as to rise upward from the edge of the through hole 300. The leaf spring 200 and the through hole 300 are provided symmetrically with respect to the center of the bottom cover body 81 in the X-axis direction.

[0053] A plurality of through holes 100 and 300 are formed so as to be aligned along the Y-axis direction. The through holes 100 and the through holes 300 are formed at positions shifted from each other in the Y-axis direction. That is, the through holes 100 and 300 are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0054] The specifications of the bottom cover body 81 may be changed as appropriate. In one example, the material (hardness) of the bottom cover body 81, the thickness of the bottom surface 81A, the diameter of the through hole 100, and the like are set so that when a predetermined test finger is pressed into the through hole 100 in a method conforming to JIS C 0920, the test finger does not come into contact with the battery cell 11.

[0055] Fig. 9 is an enlarged perspective view showing the periphery of the through holes 100, 300 in the bottom cover body 81. Figs. 10 and 11 are a cross-sectional view taken along line XX and a cross-sectional view taken along line XI-XI in Fig. 7, respectively. Fig. 12 is an enlarged perspective view of the groove portion 500.

[0056] 9 and 10, flange portions 110, 310 that protrude downward (the opposite side to the battery cell 11) are formed on the edges of the through holes 100, 300, respectively. As shown in Fig. 11, a flange portion 510 that protrudes downward from the groove portion 500 is also formed in the groove portion 500. The formation of the flange portions 110, 310, 510 can promote drainage (suppression of adhesion at the drainage portion) when moisture is discharged from the through holes 100, 300 and the groove portion 500.

[0057] When the battery module 1 is used for mounting on a vehicle, a ship, or the like, the battery module 1 may tilt due to the external environment. When the battery module 1 tilts, moisture 800 is attracted to the end of the bottom cover body 81 in the X-axis direction, as shown in Fig. 13. The moisture 800 attracted to the end flows in the Y-axis direction along the wall portion 81B, and is discharged from above the bottom cover body 81 through the groove portion 500 provided at the end in the Y-axis direction.

[0058] In this manner, in the battery module 1 according to the present embodiment, even if the battery module 1 is tilted due to the external environment, condensation water and the like can be drained smoothly.

[0059] Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a state in which the battery module 1 is biased upward, and Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a state in which the battery module 1 has moved downward.

[0060] 14, the leaf spring 200 urges the battery cell unit 21, which includes multiple battery cells 11, upward. The battery cell unit 21 urged by the leaf spring 200 is pressed against the bind bar 43. More specifically, the bind bar 43 has a facing surface 43A (facing portion) that faces the case top 32 of the case body 31, and the battery cell unit 21 is urged by the leaf spring 200 such that the case top 32 of the case body 31 abuts against the facing surface 43A of the bind bar 43. Here, the facing surface 43A of the bind bar 43 serves as a reference surface for positioning the multiple battery cell units 21 in the Z-axis direction.

[0061] In this way, in the battery module 1, the multiple battery cell units 21 can be accurately positioned in the Z-axis direction by the leaf springs 200 and the bind bars 43. In particular, a simple and highly accurate positioning method can be provided in the process of stacking the multiple battery cell units 21 and binding them in the Y-axis direction.

[0062] As described above, the bottom cover body 81 includes the protrusions 400 that protrude toward the battery cell unit 21. The protrusions 400 protrude to a substantially uniform height. Of the multiple protrusions 400, the heights of some of the protrusions 400 may differ.

[0063] When the battery module 1 vibrates due to the external environment and the battery cell unit 21 moves downward (in the direction approaching the bottom cover body 81) against the biasing force of the leaf spring 200, the top surface 400A of the protrusion 400 comes into contact with the stack of battery cell units 21 to support the stack of battery cell units 21 and prevent the battery cell units 21 from moving too close to the bottom cover body 81, as shown in Fig. 15. After the external force due to the vibration ceases to act, the biasing force of the leaf spring 200 presses the battery cell unit 21 against the opposing surface 43A of the bind bar 43, returning it to the state shown in Fig. 14. In this way, even when the battery module 1 vibrates, the battery cells can be positioned with high accuracy.

[0064] In this way, in the battery module 1 of this embodiment, even if the battery module 1 is tilted, condensation water and the like that has accumulated on the bottom cover body 81 can be smoothly drained, and even when the battery module 1 vibrates, the stack of multiple battery cell units 21 can be accurately positioned.

[0065] Furthermore, in the battery module 1, a battery cell unit 21 is formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells 11 in the Y-axis direction and housing them in a case body 31, and by arranging a plurality of battery cell units 21 in the Y-axis direction to form the battery module 1, the manufacturing process can be simplified compared to when the battery module 1 is manufactured with each of the plurality of battery cells 11 as a single unit.

[0066] In the battery module 1, by configuring the battery cell units 21 in which a plurality of battery cells 11 are housed in a case body 31, the battery module 1 can be easily disassembled or replaced in units of battery cell units 21.

[0067] In the battery module 1, by configuring a battery cell unit 21 in which multiple battery cells 11 are housed in a case body 31, when the battery module 1 is to be disposed of, the battery module 1 can be divided and each battery cell unit 21 can be handled as a single unit at a lower voltage. This makes it easy to dispose of the battery module 1.

[0068] In the battery module 1, one unit contains two or more battery cells 11, and by making the output density of each of the two or more battery cells 11 approximately 8000 W / L or more, a power supply device with a predetermined voltage or higher can be formed on a unit basis.

[0069] Although the embodiment of the present technology has been described above, the embodiment disclosed herein should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in all respects. The scope of the present technology is defined by the claims, and it is intended to include all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] 1 battery module, 11 battery cell, 12 exterior body, 13, 14 cell side, 15 cell top, 16 electrode terminal, 16N negative electrode terminal, 16P positive electrode terminal, 17 gas exhaust valve, 21, 21A, 21B, 21C, 21D, 21E, 21F battery cell unit, 30 mounting member, 31 case body, 32 case top, 42, 42P, 42Q end plate, 43 bind bar, 43A opposing surface, 44 bolt, 45 stud bolt, 51 cover body, 71 duct, 81 bottom cover body, 81A bottom surface, 81B wall surface, 100 through hole, 110 flange portion, 200 leaf spring, 300 through hole, 310 flange portion, 400 protrusion, 400A top surface, 500 Groove section, 510 Flange section, 600,700 Area, 800 Moisture.

Claims

1. a stack including a plurality of battery cells arranged side by side in a first direction, each of the battery cells having a rectangular housing and an electrode terminal provided on the housing; a restraining member arranged to be aligned with the plurality of battery cells in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and restraining the stack along the first direction; an insulating cover member provided so as to cover the laminate from an opposite side of the electrode terminal in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, A reference surface for positioning the stack in the third direction is provided, the cover member includes a biasing portion that biases the stack in a direction away from the cover member, The biasing portion biases the stack so as to press the stack into contact with the reference surface, the restraint member includes an opposing portion that faces the stack from an opposite side of the cover member in the third direction, and the reference surface is constituted by the opposing portion, the cover member includes a protrusion protruding toward the stack, When the stack comes into contact with the reference surface, the protrusion does not come into contact with the stack, When the stack moves in a direction approaching the cover member against the biasing force of the biasing portion, the protrusion abuts against the stack to support the stack.

2. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the biasing portion includes a leaf spring provided on the cover member.

3. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the biasing portions are provided symmetrically with respect to a center of the cover member in the second direction.

4. The battery module according to claim 1 , wherein the cover member has a through hole at a position overlapping the biasing portion in the third direction.

5. The battery module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stack further includes a case that houses and supports the plurality of battery cells in at least the first direction, and forms a unit including the plurality of battery cells.

6. The battery module according to claim 5 , wherein each of the units includes two or more battery cells, and the power density of each of the two or more battery cells is 8000 W / L or more.

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