Tool magazines and machine tools

Abstract

To provide a load absorbing mechanism that can absorb a load applied to a tool magazine, a tool magazine and a machine tool.SOLUTION: A tool magazine 60 comprises a tool support part 60A that supports a tool, and a driving unit 62A that rotationally drives the tool support part 60A. A load absorbing mechanism 95 that is used in the tool magazine 60 comprises a load absorption plate 90 that deforms to absorb an external load applied to the tool support part 60A. This enables the mechanism to absorb the load applied to the tool magazine 60.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention , engineering Tool magazine and machine tool. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, the horizontal machining center described in Patent Document 1 is equipped with a tool magazine including a plurality of tool gripping portions for gripping the tool shanks of tools, and a tool spindle onto which the tool shanks of tools can be attached. After indexing the tool magazine to an indexing position, the horizontal machining center inserts and removes tools between the tool magazine and the tool spindle. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 9-76138 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the configuration described in Patent Document 1, for example, if a positional deviation occurs between the tool magazine and the tool spindle when inserting or removing a tool, a load is applied to the tool magazine and the tool spindle, which is undesirable.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and is capable of absorbing the load applied to the tool magazine. Work The object of the present invention is to provide a tool magazine and a machine tool. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a first aspect Tool Magazine teeth, A tool magazine provided in a machine tool, Tool Support Tool grasping Department and , A ring-shaped umbrella having a plurality of the tool gripping portions fixed to an outer periphery thereof; A drive unit that rotates the and a load absorbing member that is directly or indirectly attached to a fixing portion for fixing the tool magazine to a machine tool and is interposed between the fixing portion and the umbrella, the load absorbing member being: The tool grasping Join the club This was transmitted via the umbrella. External load It absorbs stress by deforming, and returns to its original shape when the external load is released. .

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention 2 The machine tool relating to the above point of view is as follows: The above The machine includes a tool magazine and a tool spindle unit that directly transfers the tools between the tool magazine and holds the tools for machining a workpiece. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present invention, the load applied to the tool magazine can be absorbed. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a front view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 2] 1 is a plan view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 3] 1 is a side view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 4] 1A to 1D are diagrams showing an operational procedure for storing a tool attached to a tool spindle unit in a tool magazine according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1E to 1H are diagrams showing an operational procedure for mounting a tool stored in the tool magazine in the tool spindle unit according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tool magazine according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the tool magazine according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tool magazine according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a load absorbing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tool spindle unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A load absorbing mechanism, a tool magazine, and a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, machine tool 1, which is a turning center, comprises a bed S which is a base for the entire machine tool 1, a first spindle unit 10 having a first spindle 11, a second spindle unit 20 having a second spindle 21, a second spindle moving mechanism 25, a tool spindle moving mechanism 42, a tool spindle rotating mechanism 45, a tool spindle unit 50, a tool magazine 60, a fixed tool rest 30, a support member 13, and a control unit 300. In the following, the axial direction along the rotation axes of the first main shaft 11 and the second main shaft 21 is defined as the Z-axis direction, the height direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction is defined as the X-axis direction, and the depth direction perpendicular to the X-axis and Z-axis directions is defined as the Y-axis direction.

[0012] The first spindle unit 10 holds and rotates a workpiece W. Specifically, the first spindle unit 10 includes a first spindle 11 and a first spindle stock 12 that rotatably supports the first spindle 11. The first spindle 11 holds one end of the workpiece W. A workpiece rotating motor (not shown) that rotates the first spindle 11 is built into the first spindle stock 12. The first spindle unit 10 is configured to be immovable relative to the bed S. In this example, as shown in Fig. 3, the support member 13 is installed on the upper surface of the bed S and supports the first headstock 12 from the side so that the first spindle unit 10 is separated from the bed S in the X-axis direction. As shown in Fig. 2, the support member 13 is located between the first spindle unit 10 and the tool spindle moving mechanism 42 in the Y-axis direction.

[0013] 1, the second spindle unit 20 is provided at a position facing the first spindle unit 10 in the Z-axis direction. The second spindle unit 20 includes a second spindle 21 that holds the other end of the workpiece W, and a second spindle stock 22 that rotatably supports the second spindle 21. A workpiece rotating motor (not shown) that rotates the second spindle 21 is built into the second spindle stock 22.

[0014] As shown in FIG. 2, the second spindle moving mechanism 25 includes a Y moving mechanism 25Y that moves the second spindle unit 20 in the Y axis direction (Y2 axis direction), and as shown in FIG. 1, an X moving mechanism 25X that moves the second spindle unit 20 in the X axis direction (X2 axis direction), and a Z moving mechanism 25Z that moves the second spindle unit 20 in the Z axis direction (Z2 axis direction).

[0015] As shown in FIG. 2, the tool spindle moving mechanism 42 includes a Y moving mechanism 42Y that moves the tool spindle unit 50 in the Y axis direction (Y1 axis direction), as shown in FIG. 1, an X moving mechanism 42X that moves the tool spindle unit 50 in the X axis direction (X1 axis direction), and a Z moving mechanism 42Z that moves the tool spindle unit 50 in the Z axis direction (Z1 axis direction). As shown in FIG. 2, slide table 25S, which moves in the Z-axis direction of Z movement mechanism 25Z, and slide table 42S, which moves in the Z-axis direction of Z movement mechanism 42Z, move along a common rail 29 extending in the Z-axis direction on bed S.

[0016] The X-movement mechanisms 25X, 42X, the Y-movement mechanisms 25Y, 42Y and the Z-movement mechanisms 25Z, 42Z each have a motor, a ball screw and a nut, and are configured to convert the rotational force of the motor into linear motion via the ball screw and the nut, thereby enabling the corresponding second spindle unit 20 or tool spindle unit 50 to move linearly.

[0017] 1, the tool spindle turning mechanism 45 rotates the tool spindle unit 50 in the B-axis direction. The B-axis direction is a rotation direction about a rotation axis 45Y (see FIG. 2) that is aligned with the Y-axis direction. 2, the tool spindle turning mechanism 45 includes a rotating part 45a and a support member 45b. The rotating part 45a is cylindrical and rotates about a rotation axis 45Y by a drive part (not shown). The support member 45b is fixed to the rotating part 45a and supports the tool spindle unit 50 from the side.

[0018] 3, the tool magazine 60 stores a plurality of different types of tools 70, 80, and directly transfers the tools 70, 80 to and from the tool spindle unit 50. The tool magazine 60 is supported by a support member 13 and is located above the first headstock 12.

[0019] In detail, as shown in FIG. 7, the tool magazine 60 includes a tool support portion 60A rotatable around a rotation axis C, a load absorbing mechanism 95 that absorbs the load applied to the tool support portion 60A, a drive unit 62A that rotates the tool support portion 60A, an accommodating portion 67 that accommodates the drive unit 62A, and a fastening portion 63a that fixes the tool support portion 60A to the drive unit 62A. The drive unit 62A includes a drive section 62 and a reducer 64. The load absorbing mechanism 95 includes a load absorbing plate 90, a damping portion 69, a plurality of shafts 68, a bracket 66, and fastening portions 63b, 63c, 63d, 63f, and 63g. The tool support portion 60A includes an umbrella 61 and a plurality of tool gripping portions 65.

[0020] The umbrella 61 is generally in the shape of a flat ring, with a number of tool gripping portions 65 fixed to its outer periphery, and receives a driving force from a drive portion 62 via a reducer 64 to rotate about a rotation axis C which is the central axis. 6, the umbrella 61 includes an inner circumferential portion 61a, an outer circumferential portion 61b, and a plurality of connecting portions 61c. The inner circumferential portion 61a, the outer circumferential portion 61b, and the plurality of connecting portions 61c are integrally formed. The inner peripheral portion 61a is substantially disk-shaped and is fixed to an output portion 64a of the reducer 64 by a plurality of fastening portions 63a so as to be rotatable together with the output portion 64a (described later). Each of the fastening portions 63a is a bolt and is aligned along the rotation direction of the tool support portion 60A. The inner peripheral portion 61a is surrounded by an outer peripheral portion 61b and is linked to the outer peripheral portion 61b via a plurality of connecting portions 61c. Each of the connecting portions 61c extends radially of the tool support portion 60A and is aligned along the rotation direction of the tool support portion 60A. The outer circumferential portion 61b is in the shape of a flat ring, and a plurality of tool gripping portions 65 (see FIG. 5) are fixed thereto by fastening portions such as bolts (not shown).

[0021] As shown in Fig. 5, the multiple tool gripping parts 65 face radially outward of the tool support part 60A and are arranged along the rotational direction of the tool support part 60A. As shown in an enlarged view in the upper part of Fig. 3, each tool gripping part 65 includes a gripping part 65c and an elastic holding part 65d. The gripping portion 65c is substantially U-shaped and grips the holders 72, 82 (described later) of the tools 70, 80. The elastic holding portion 65d is made of a substantially U-shaped leaf spring and is attached to the gripping portion 65c. The elastic holding portion 65d includes a pair of convex portions 65e formed so that the opening side of the substantially U-shape narrows. When the tools 70, 80 are inserted into the tool holding portion 65, the pair of convex portions 65e are pushed by the tools 70, 80 and elastically move away from each other. When the insertion of the tools 70, 80 into the tool holding portion 65 is completed, the pair of convex portions 65e return to their original position by elastic force so as to approach each other, thereby holding the tools 70, 80 within the tool holding portion 65.

[0022] 7, the driving unit 62 is, for example, a motor. The driving unit 62 is located on the rear end side of the reducer 64 and is mechanically connected to the reducer 64. 6, the reducer 64 reduces the rotation speed of the drive unit 62 and then transmits the reduced rotation speed to the tool support unit 60A. The reducer 64 is, for example, a planetary gear reducer. The reducer 64 includes an input section (not shown) to which rotational force is input from the output shaft (not shown) of the drive section 62, an output section 64a which reduces the rotational force input to this input section and outputs it, a gear unit (not shown) provided between this input section and the output section 64a, and a case section 64c which houses this gear unit. The output portion 64a rotates about the rotation axis C together with the tool support portion 60A. The case portion 64c has a substantially cylindrical shape and rotatably supports the output portion 64a. The case portion 64c has a flange portion 64b. The flange portion 64b is erected on the outer circumferential surface of the case portion 64c, and has a rectangular, for example, square, outer shape as viewed from the direction along the rotation axis C. Holes 64d penetrating the flange portion 64b in the thickness direction are formed at each corner of the flange portion 64b.

[0023] As shown in Fig. 1, the accommodation section 67 is a stand fixed to the support member 13. The accommodation section 67 is located above and rearward of the first headstock 12. As shown in Fig. 7, the accommodation section 67 accommodates the reduction gear 64 and the drive section 62. As shown in Fig. 6, the accommodation section 67 has a cylindrical shape, for example a rectangular cylindrical shape, extending along the rotation axis C. The accommodation section 67 is fixed to the support member 13 with the outer side surface of the accommodation section 67 in contact with the side surface of the support member 13. A plurality of screw holes 67a are formed in the tip surface of the accommodation portion 67. The plurality of screw holes 67a are arranged at each corner of the tip surface of the accommodation portion 67, one for each corner.

[0024] The load absorbing plate 90 deforms to absorb the load applied to the tool support part 60A during tool replacement, and this deformation enables the transfer of tools 70, 80 between the tool support part 60A and the tool spindle unit 50 regardless of the positional deviation between the tool replacement position Pc (indexing position) of the tool support part 60A and the tool spindle unit 50. The load absorbing plate 90 absorbs loads of six degrees of freedom in total, including forces applied in three axial directions along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions and rotational forces around each axis. The load absorbing plate 90 is made of a material and has a shape that is more easily deformed by external loads than the tool support part 60A, the storage part 67, the bracket 66, and the tool spindle unit 50. By the load absorbing plate 90 deforming preferentially, for example, an increase in load caused by contact between the tool support part 60A and the tool spindle unit 50 during tool replacement is suppressed.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 8, the load absorbing plate 90 includes a base portion 91, arm portions 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d, and leg portions 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d. As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 8, the base portion 91 surrounds the reducer 64 and supports the reducer 64. The base portion 91 is in the form of a frame plate along a direction intersecting the rotation axis C, which is perpendicular in this example. The base portion 91 is in contact with a surface of the flange portion 64b close to the output portion 64a. The base portion 91 is formed with a hole 91a into which the periphery of the case portion 64c fits. A plurality of holes 91b are formed around the hole 91a of the base portion 91. The plurality of holes 91b are formed in portions of the base portion 91 that are connected to the arm portions 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d. The plurality of holes 91b each coincide with the hole 64d of the flange portion 64b in the direction along the rotation axis C. The fastening portions 63b are inserted into the respective holes 64d and 91b, thereby fixing the base portion 91 to the flange portion 64b.

[0026] As shown in Figures 6 and 8, the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d are connected to the outer periphery of the base 91 and extend radially outward from the base 91. Each arm 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d is a substantially rectangular plate extending along the base 91. The arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d are arranged at equal angular intervals, 45° intervals in this example. Each arm 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d extends along the bisector of each of the four right angles formed by the X-axis and Y-axis directions. The base ends of the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d are connected to the base portion 91, and the tips of the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d are fixed to the storage portion 67 via the legs 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d and the bracket 66. The arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d function as springs that are elastically deformed by an external load applied to the tool support portion 60A. As shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of slits 92e, 92f are formed in each of the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d. The plurality of slits 92e, 92f are formed to facilitate deformation of each of the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d. Each of the slits 92e, 92f extends along the width direction (short direction) of each of the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d. Each of the slits 92e is formed as a cut in one of two side surfaces extending in the longitudinal direction of each of the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d, and each of the slits 92f is formed as a cut in the other of the two side surfaces. The slits 92e and the slits 92f are alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction of the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d. The cut amount of each of the slits 92e, 92f is formed to be longer than half the width of the arm 92a. That is, the slits 92e, 92f are formed so as to partially overlap each other when viewed from the longitudinal direction of the arm portions 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d. Further, a hole 92g is formed at the tip of each of the arm portions 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d, penetrating in the thickness direction.

[0027] 6 and 8, the legs 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d are interposed between the tip ends of the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d and the tip end of an arm 66b (described later) of the bracket 66. The legs 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d each have a rectangular plate shape when viewed from the direction along the rotation axis C, and in this example, a trapezoidal plate shape.

[0028] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the bracket 66 is fixed to the housing portion 67 and supports the reducer 64 via the legs 93a, 93b, 93c, and 93d and the load absorbing plate 90. As shown in FIG. 6, the bracket 66 includes a base portion 66a and a plurality of arms 66b. The base portion 66a extends in a direction intersecting with the rotation axis C, in this example perpendicular thereto, and has a frame shape along the tip surface of the storage portion 67, in this example a rectangular frame shape. The multiple arms 66b are connected to each corner of the base portion 66a and extend in the same direction as the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d of the load absorbing plate 90. A hole 66d is formed at the connection portion between each arm 66b and the base portion 66a, and a hole 66c is formed at the tip of each arm 66b. The holes 66c and 66d are each a circular hole that penetrates the load absorbing plate 90 in the thickness direction. The fastening portion 63c is inserted into hole 66c of bracket 66, holes (not shown) in legs 93a, 93b, 93c, 93d, and hole 92g of load absorbing plate 90, thereby integrating bracket 66, legs 93a, 93b, 93c, 93d, and load absorbing plate 90. The fastening portion 63d is inserted into the hole 66d of the bracket 66 and the screw hole 67a of the receiving portion 67, whereby the bracket 66 is fixed to the receiving portion 67.

[0029] As shown in Fig. 7, the damping portion 69 damps vibrations of the load absorbing plate 90 propagated through the shaft 68. The damping portion 69 is made of an elastic material such as nitrile rubber (NBR). The damping portion 69 is plate-shaped. The damping portion 69 is fixed to the rear end surface of the housing portion 67 by a plurality of fastening portions 63g. The shaft 68 has a cylindrical shape extending in a direction along the rotation axis C. A plurality of shafts 68, two in this example, are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis C, in the Y-axis direction in this example. More specifically, the two shafts 68 are arranged to correspond to two upper holes 64d among the four holes 64d in the flange portion 64b. The tip portion of the shaft 68 is fixed to the flange portion 64b and the load absorbing plate 90 by the fastening portion 63b in a state of contact with the rear end surface of the flange portion 64b. The rear end portion of the shaft 68 is fixed to the damping portion 69 by the fastening portion 63f in a state of contact with the damping portion 69.

[0030] 1 and 9, the rotary tool 80 includes a blade 81 and a holder 82. The holder 82 includes a groove portion 83, a tapered portion 84, and a clamp portion 86. The groove 83 is formed so that the tool gripping portion 65 fits over the entire outer circumferential surface of the holder 82. Both side surfaces within the groove 83 are formed as tapered surfaces that are inclined away from each other as they move radially outward of the holder 82. When fitted into the groove 83, the tool gripping portion 65 has a tapered surface that follows the tapered surface of the groove 83. The tapered portion 84 is located rearward and farther from the blade 81 than the groove portion 83, and is formed as a truncated cone whose diameter decreases toward the rear end. The tapered portion 84 is a portion that fits into the tip end of a spindle 52 (see FIG. 9) of the tool spindle unit 50, which will be described later. 9, the clamp portion 86 is located rearward of the tapered portion 84 and is formed in a generally cylindrical shape extending along the central axis I. The clamp portion 86 is provided with a spherical portion 86a on the rear end side. The clamp portion 86 is a portion that is clamped by a clamp mechanism 54 of the tool spindle unit 50, which will be described later. The fixed tool 70, like the rotating tool 80, includes a blade 71 and a holder 72. The blade 71 of the fixed tool 70 is, for example, a cutting tool, and the blade 81 of the rotating tool 80 is, for example, a drill. The holder 72 of the fixed tool 70 has a configuration similar to that of the holder 82 of the rotating tool 80, and includes a groove portion 73, a tapered portion 74, and a clamp portion 76 having a spherical portion 76a.

[0031] 1, the tool spindle unit 50 is, for example, a tool spindle, and is configured to be able to selectively mount a fixed tool 70 or a rotating tool 80. The tool spindle unit 50 fixedly supports the fixed tool 70 so that it cannot rotate about its axis, and supports the rotating tool 80 so that it can rotate about its axis. The tool spindle unit 50 is located between the first spindle unit 10 and the second spindle unit 20 in the Z-axis direction. The tool spindle unit 50 machines the workpiece W held by the first spindle 11 or the workpiece W held by the second spindle 21 with the attached fixed tool 70 or rotating tool 80 .

[0032] As shown in FIG. 9, the tool spindle unit 50 includes a body 51, a spindle 52, and a clamp mechanism . The body 51 is box-shaped and rotatably supports the spindle 52 in an internal space with the tip of the spindle 52 exposed to the outside. The spindle 52 is cylindrical and axially rotatable by a motor (not shown). The tapered portions 74, 84 of the tools 70, 80 can be attached to the tip of the spindle 52. The inner peripheral surface of the tip of the spindle 52 is formed as a tapered surface so as to fit along the outer peripheral surfaces of the tapered portions 74, 84 of the tools 70, 80. The clamp mechanism 54 pulls the clamp portions 76, 86 of the tools 70, 80 into the spindle 52 to clamp them. The clamp mechanism 54 includes a draw bar 54a and a plurality of balls 54b. The draw bar 54a is cylindrical and located inside the spindle 52, and is configured to be movable in a direction along the central axis I by a driving unit such as an air cylinder. The plurality of balls 54b are fitted into the draw bar 54a so as to move together with the draw bar 54a. When the draw bar 54a is in the forward position, the balls 54b are located in the recesses 52a on the inner circumferential surface of the spindle 52, and the clamp portions 76, 86 are released from the clamp mechanism 54 (unclamped state). When the draw bar 54a moves from the forward position to the backward position, the balls 54b are caught by the spherical portions 76a, 86a to pull the clamp portions 76, 86 into the spindle 52 and move out of the recesses 52a. Then, the balls 54b are pressed toward the clamp portions 76, 86 by the inner circumferential surface of the spindle 52, and the clamp portions 76, 86 are gripped by the clamp mechanism 54 (clamped state). As described above, the clamp mechanism 54 is capable of switching the states of the clamp portions 76, 86 between the unclamped state and the clamped state.

[0033] 1 and 2, the fixed tool rest 30 is configured so that a plurality of tools 35 for machining the workpiece W held by the second spindle 21 can be attached to it. The plurality of tools 35 can be attached to the fixed tool rest 30 so that they can be aligned in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively. The fixed tool rest 30 is placed on the upper surface of the bed S, and is provided at a height that allows the second spindle unit 20 to pass above.

[0034] 1, the control unit 300 controls the first spindle unit 10, the second spindle unit 20, the second spindle movement mechanism 25, the fixed tool rest 30, the tool spindle unit 50, the tool spindle movement mechanism 42, the tool spindle turning mechanism 45, and the tool magazine 60. The control unit 300 includes, for example, a processing unit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) not shown, and a storage unit such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a program that defines the processing procedures to be performed by this processing unit.

[0035] Next, there will be described the processing executed by the control unit 300. The control unit 300 executes this processing in accordance with an NC (Numerical Control) program created in advance. 1, the control unit 300 supplies a workpiece W from the rear of the first spindle unit 10 by a workpiece supply unit (not shown). Then, the control unit 300 performs a first machining process on the workpiece W held by the first spindle 11 by using a fixed tool 70 or a rotating tool 80 attached to the tool spindle unit 50.

[0036] Next, the control unit 300 moves the second spindle 21 to a position facing the first spindle 11 via the second spindle moving mechanism 25, and transfers the first-machined workpiece W from the first spindle 11 to the second spindle 21. Then, the control unit 300 performs a second machining on the workpiece W held by the second spindle 21 with the tool 35 attached to the fixed tool rest 30 or the tools 70, 80 attached to the tool spindle unit 50. Then, when the second machining is completed, the control unit 300 discharges the workpiece W after the second machining held by the second spindle 21 to the outside through a work conveyor, an unloader, or the like (not shown). This completes the processing. This processing is repeatedly performed every time a workpiece W is supplied.

[0037] Next, a tool changing process for changing the type of tool 70, 80 attached to the tool spindle unit 50 will be described with reference to Figs. 4(a) to (h). This tool changing process is executed in the machining process, for example, during the first machining, during the second machining, or between the first machining and the second machining. An example of changing the tool attached to the tool spindle unit 50 from a fixed tool 70 to a rotating tool 80 will be described below.

[0038] Here, among the multiple tool gripping parts 65 of the tool magazine 60, the tool gripping part 65 corresponding to the fixed tool 70 is defined as tool gripping part 65a, and the tool gripping part 65 corresponding to the rotating tool 80 is defined as tool gripping part 65b. A different identification number is assigned in advance to each tool (each tool gripping part 65) contained in the tool magazine 60, and this identification number is stored in the memory part of the control part 300. First, as shown in Fig. 1, the control unit 300 calls the identification number of the fixed tool 70 at the tool changing position Pc (see Fig. 3). As a result, the control unit 300 rotates the tool support unit 60A via the drive unit 62, and rotates the currently empty tool gripping unit 65a, where the fixed tool 70 was attached, to the tool changing position Pc (see Fig. 4(a)).

[0039] Before, after, or at the same time as the above-mentioned rotation of the empty tool gripper 65a to the tool changing position Pc, the control unit 300 rotates the rotating tool 80 attached to the tool spindle unit 50 via the tool spindle turning mechanism 45 in the B-axis direction, and faces the tip side of the tool spindle unit 50 toward the tool magazine 60. Then, the control unit 300 moves the fixed tool 70 attached to the tool spindle unit 50 via the tool spindle moving mechanism 42 to the radially outward side of the tool support unit 60A with respect to the tool changing position Pc (see FIG. 4(b)). Next, the control unit 300 moves the fixed tool 70 attached to the tool spindle unit 50 via the tool spindle moving mechanism 42 radially inward of the tool support part 60A with respect to the tool changing position Pc, and causes the tool gripping part 65a of the tool support part 60A to grip the holder 72 of the fixed tool 70 (see FIG. 4(c)). In this manner, when the tool spindle unit 50 returns the fixed tool 70 to the tool magazine 60, the load absorbing plate 90 receives and deforms a load generated due to an error in the indexing position of the tool support part 60A, similarly to when the tool spindle unit 50 receives the rotating tool 80 from the tool magazine 60, which will be described later. Then, the control unit 300 switches the fixed tool 70 attached to the tool spindle unit 50 from a clamped state to an unclamped state, and moves the tool spindle unit 50 away from the tool gripping part 65a in the Z-axis direction via the tool spindle moving mechanism 42. As a result, the fixed tool 70 moves away from the tool spindle unit 50, and the fixed tool 70 is accommodated in the tool gripping part 65a (see FIG. 4(d)).

[0040] Next, the control unit 300 rotates the tool support unit 60A via the drive unit 62 to move the rotating tool 80 supported by the tool gripping unit 65b to the tool changing position Pc (see FIG. 4(e)). Then, the control unit 300 moves the tool spindle unit 50 closer to the rotating tool 80 supported by the tool gripper 65b in the Z-axis direction via the tool spindle moving mechanism 42, attaches the holder 82 of the rotating tool 80 to the tool spindle unit 50, and switches the rotating tool 80 to a clamped state in the tool spindle unit 50 (see FIG. 4(f)). As a result, the tool spindle unit 50 receives the rotating tool 80 from the tool magazine 60. At this time, due to an error in the indexing position of the tool support unit 60A and an error in the position of the tool spindle unit 50, as shown in FIG. 9, the holder 82 of the rotating tool 80, particularly the tapered portion 84, comes into contact with the tip of the spindle 52 of the tool spindle unit 50, and a load is applied to the tool support unit 60A and the spindle 52. This load is applied, for example, when the outer circumferential surface of the tapered portion 84 slides against the tip of the spindle 52. As shown in FIG. 7, the load applied to the tool support part 60A is transmitted to the load absorbing plate 90 via the reducer 64. At this time, the load absorbing plate 90 absorbs the load by deforming, and prevents an overload from being applied to the tool support part 60A and the spindle 52. At this time, for example, the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d of the load absorbing plate 90 expand and contract along their respective longitudinal directions, curve along their longitudinal directions, or twist about an axis along the longitudinal direction. Due to the deformation of the load absorbing plate 90, the tapered part 84 of the rotating tool 80 can be attached while being slidably guided to the tip of the spindle 52, regardless of the positional deviation between the tool support part 60A and the tool spindle unit 50 during tool replacement. Furthermore, even if a load is applied in the rotational direction of the tool support portion 60A, the rotation of the output shaft (not shown) of the drive portion 62 is stopped, so the gear unit (not shown) of the reducer 64 does not rotate, and the load is transmitted to the load absorbing plate 90 via the gear unit (not shown) and the case portion 64c. Furthermore, the vibration of the load absorbing plate 90 is damped by the damping unit 69 via the shaft 68. This prevents the vibration of the load absorbing plate 90 from affecting the next tool change. The vibration of the load absorbing plate 90 is generated, for example, by the restoring force of the load absorbing plate 90 when it is released from the load, or by the rotation and stopping of the tool support unit 60A.

[0041] Then, the control unit 300 moves the tool spindle unit 50 radially outward from the tool support part 60A via the tool spindle moving mechanism 42 to remove the rotating tool 80 from the tool gripping part 65b (see FIG. 4(g)). Next, the control unit 300 moves the tool spindle unit 50 away from the tool support part 60A in the Z-axis direction via the tool spindle moving mechanism 42 (see FIG. 4(h)). This completes the tool replacement process. Thereafter, the control unit 300 moves the rotating tool 80 attached to the tool spindle unit 50 in the X-axis and Z-axis directions while rotating it in the B-axis direction so that the rotating tool 80 faces the workpiece W, and then starts machining the workpiece W.

[0042] (effect) According to the embodiment described above, the following effects are achieved. (1) The tool magazine 60 has a tool support portion 60A that supports tools 70, 80, and a drive unit 62A that rotates and drives the tool support portion 60A. The load absorbing mechanism 95 used in the tool magazine 60 includes a load absorbing plate 90 that is an example of a load absorbing member that deforms so as to absorb an external load applied to the tool support portion 60A. According to this configuration, when a load is applied to the tool support portion 60A of the tool magazine 60, the load absorbing plate 90 deforms to absorb the load. This makes it possible to prevent an overload from being applied to the tool magazine 60. It also makes it possible to prevent an overload from being applied to the tool spindle unit 50, which receives and delivers the tools 70, 80 from the tool magazine 60. Furthermore, by the load absorbing plate 90 deforming so as to absorb this load, failure of the main functions of the tool support portion 60A of the tool magazine 60, the drive unit 62A, etc. can be suppressed. In addition, since the load absorbing plate 90 absorbs the load, the tolerance of the load applied to the tool magazine 60 is increased, and there is no need to increase the accuracy of the indexing position of the tool magazine 60. Therefore, there is no need to use a complex and highly accurate indexing mechanism for the tool magazine 60, and a simple configuration can be realized. In addition, low cost can be achieved. Furthermore, since the load absorbing plate 90 absorbs the load by deformation, there is no need to absorb the load by sliding or the like, which makes maintenance easier. Furthermore, by using the load absorbing plate 90, it is possible to prevent an overload from being applied to the tool magazine 60 with a small number of parts.

[0043] (2) The load absorbing plate 90 includes a plurality of arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d that extend in a direction intersecting with the rotation axis C of the tool support part 60A and are arranged in the rotation direction of the tool support part 60A. The arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d are formed with slits 92e and 92f to facilitate deformation of the load absorbing plate 90 due to a load. According to this configuration, the slits 92e and 92f make it easy for the arms 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d to expand, contract, twist, and bend, thereby making it easier for the load absorbing plate 90 to deform so as to absorb a load. The load absorbing plate 90 can absorb loads with a total of six degrees of freedom, including forces acting in three axial directions along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis, and rotational forces around each axis.

[0044] (3) The load absorbing mechanism 95 includes a damping portion 69 that damps vibrations generated in the load absorbing plate 90 . According to this configuration, the vibration of the load absorbing plate 90 is damped by the damping portion 69. This prevents the vibration of the tool magazine 60 from making it difficult to transfer the tools 70, 80 supported by the tool magazine 60 to the tool spindle unit 50.

[0045] (4) The tool magazine 60 includes a load absorbing mechanism 95, a tool support portion 60A, a drive unit 62A, and a storage portion 67 that stores the drive unit 62A. The load absorbing plate 90 is indirectly fixed to the storage portion 67 via a bracket 66, and elastically supports the tool support portion 60A via a reducer 64 of the drive unit 62A. According to this configuration, regardless of any misalignment between the tool support part 60A and the tool spindle unit 50 during tool replacement, the load absorbing plate 90 deforms, allowing the tools 70, 80 supported by the tool support part 60A to be smoothly attached to the tool spindle unit 50.

[0046] (5) The machine tool 1 includes a tool magazine 60 having a load absorbing mechanism 95, a tool support portion 60A that supports the tools 70, 80, and a drive unit 62A that rotates and drives the tool support portion 60A, and a tool spindle unit 50 that holds the tools 70, 80 for machining the workpiece W and directly transfers the tools 70, 80 between the tool magazine 60 and the tool spindle unit 50. According to this configuration, when tools 70, 80 are transferred between tool magazine 60 and tool spindle unit 50, load absorbing plate 90 deforms to absorb the load, thereby preventing overload from being applied to tool magazine 60 and tool spindle unit 50. Therefore, failures in the main functional parts of tool magazine 60 and tool spindle unit 50 can be prevented.

[0047] The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments and drawings. Modifications (including deletion of components) can be made as appropriate within the scope of the present disclosure. An example of a modification will be described below.

[0048] (Modification) In the above embodiment, the machine tool 1 includes the first spindle unit 10 and the second spindle unit 20, but either one of the first spindle unit 10 and the second spindle unit 20 may be omitted.

[0049] The movement directions of the second spindle unit 20 and the tool spindle unit 50 in the above embodiment can be changed as appropriate. In the above embodiment, the first spindle unit 10, the tool magazine 60, and the fixed tool rest 30 are configured to be immovable, but they may be configured to be movable. For example, the first spindle unit 10 may be configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction.

[0050] The shape and number of the slits 92e, 92f in the above embodiment can be changed as appropriate. Furthermore, at least one of the multiple slits 92e, 92f of the arm portions 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d in the above embodiment may be omitted. The damping portion 69 in the above embodiment may be omitted. Also, the shaft 68 may be omitted. The reducer 64 in the above embodiment may be omitted. In this case, the base portion 91 of the load absorbing plate 90 may be fixed to the case portion of the drive portion 62, particularly to the flange portion 62f thereof (see FIG. 7).

[0051] In the above embodiment, the load absorbing plate 90 is supported by the housing portion 67 via the bracket 66, but it may be supported directly by the housing portion 67. In addition, the load absorbing plate 90 may be supported directly or indirectly by the support member 13. In the above embodiment, a so-called direct method is adopted in which the tools 70, 80 are directly transferred between the tool magazine 60 and the tool spindle unit 50. However, the present invention is not limited to this method, and a work transport robot for transferring the work between the tool magazine 60 and the tool spindle unit 50 may be provided. [Explanation of symbols]

[0052] 1...machine tool, 10...first spindle unit, 11...first spindle, 12...first spindle stock, 13...support member, 20...second spindle unit, 21...second spindle, 22...second spindle stock, 25...second spindle movement mechanism, 25S, 42S...slide table, 25X, 42X...X movement mechanism, 25Y, 42Y...Y movement mechanism, 25Z, 42Z...Z movement mechanism, 29...rail, 30...fixed tool rest, 35, 70, 80...tool, 42...tool spindle movement mechanism, 45 ...Tool spindle turning mechanism, 45a...rotating part, 45b...support member, 50...tool spindle unit, 51...body, 52...spindle, 52a...recess, 54...clamp mechanism, 54a...drawbar, 54b...ball, 60...tool magazine, 60A...tool support part, 61...umbrella, 61a...inner peripheral part, 61b...outer peripheral part, 61c...connecting part, 62...drive part, 62A...drive unit, 62f...flange part, 63a, 63b, 63c, 63d, 63f, 63g... fastening portion, 64... reducer, 64a... output portion, 64b... flange portion, 64c... case portion, 64d, 66c, 66d, 91a, 91b, 92g... holes, 65, 65a, 65b... tool gripping portion, 65c... gripping portion, 65d... elastic holding portion, 65e... convex portion, 66... ​​bracket, 66a, 91... base portion, 66b, 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d... arm portion, 67... accommodation portion, 67a... screw hole, 68... shaft t, 69...damping portion, 70...fixed tool, 71, 81...blade, 72, 82...holder, 73, 83...groove portion, 74, 84...tapered portion, 76, 86...clamp portion, 76a, 86a...spherical portion, 80...rotating tool, 90...load absorbing plate, 92e, 92f...slit, 93a, 93b, 93c, 93d...leg portion, 95...load absorbing mechanism, 300...control portion, C, I, 45Y...rotating shaft, S...bed, W...workpiece, Pc...tool exchange position

Claims

1. A tool magazine provided in a machine tool, comprising: A tool gripping portion for supporting a tool; a ring-shaped umbrella having a plurality of the tool gripping portions fixed to an outer periphery thereof; A drive unit that rotates the umbrella; a load absorbing member that is directly or indirectly attached to a fixing portion for fixing the tool magazine to a machine tool and is interposed between the fixing portion and the umbrella; The load absorbing member absorbs an external load applied to the tool gripping portion and transmitted through the umbrella by deforming, and returns to its original shape when the external load is released. Tool magazine.

2. The load absorbing member includes a plurality of arms extending in a direction intersecting the rotation axis of the umbrella and aligned in the rotation direction of the umbrella, Each of the plurality of arms has a plurality of slits formed therein for facilitating deformation of the load absorbing member in response to the load, Some of the plurality of slits are formed as cuts on one of the side surfaces extending in the longitudinal direction of the arm portion, and the remaining some are formed as cuts on the other side surface extending in the longitudinal direction of the arm portion, The plurality of slits are formed to be longer than half the width of the arm portion.

2. The tool magazine according to claim 1.

3. Further comprising a damping portion attached to the fixing portion, The damping unit is connected to the load absorbing member by a connector, thereby damping vibrations generated in the load absorbing member.

3. A tool magazine according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The fixing portion is a housing portion that houses the drive unit therein, the umbrella is attached to the drive unit, and the drive unit is attached to the load absorbing member, so that the umbrella is attached to the load absorbing member via the drive unit; the drive unit is not fixed to the fixed portion, and is accommodated inside the fixed portion in a state in which the drive unit is supported by the load absorbing member; 4. A tool magazine according to claim 1.

5. The tool magazine according to any one of claims 1 to 4; a tool spindle unit that directly transfers the tool between the tool magazine and the tool magazine and holds the tool for machining a workpiece; Machine tools.

Images