Gas refrigerator, operation method of gas refrigerator, and manufacturing method of open system of gas refrigerator

Abstract

The gas refrigerator comprises an input (2) for gas, a recuperator (10), a compressor (40) having a compressor input (41) coupled to a first recuperator output (12), a heat exchanger (60), a turbine (70), and a gas output (5), the gas refrigerator being configured as an open system, the gas refrigerator being configured such that the working medium in at least one element of the group of elements comprising the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60), and the turbine (70) is gas, the input (2) being arranged in a first part of a housing (100) of the gas refrigerator in which the input (2) and the gas output (5) are configured, and the gas output (5) being arranged in a second part of the housing (100) of the gas refrigerator, the first part being arranged above the second part in an operating direction in which the gas refrigerator is installed for operation of the gas refrigerator.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to machines for heating and cooling, in particular to cold air or gas refrigerators.

[0002] Cold air refrigerators are well known and are used, for example, in space applications. A cryogenic refrigerator is disclosed in the technical publication "High capacity turbo-rayon refrigerator for space applications", M. Zagarola et al, Cryogenics 46 (2006), pages 169-175, shown diagrammatically in Fig. 5. A compressor C compresses a gas circulating in a closed system. The compressed gas is cooled by a heat exchanger, shown diagrammatically as "heat sink" and "heat dissipation". The cooled gas is fed to a recuperator R, which feeds the gas cooled thereby to a turbine E. A gas at low temperature is discharged from the turbine E and absorbs heat or obtains a cooling effect through a heat exchanger. The gas leaving the heat exchanger providing the cooling effect, still warmer than the gas at its inlet, is also fed to the recuperator R, where it is reheated.

[0003] The temperature-entropy diagram of the cycle of FIG. 5 is shown in FIG. 6. Isentropic compression is performed by the compressor C, as shown by the transition from transition point 1 to transition point 2. Isentropic heat rejection occurs through the heat exchanger for heat rejection, as shown by the transition from point 2 to point 3 in FIG. 6. Isentropic heat rejection also occurs through the recuperator R, as shown by the transition between point 3 and point 4. Isentropic expansion then occurs in the turbine E, as shown by the transition between point 4 and point 5. The cooling effect of the heat exchanger represents isobaric heat absorption, as represented by the transition from point 5 to point 6. The heat released in the heat exchanger is represented in the temperature entropy diagram as the temperature difference between point 2 and point 3. Correspondingly, the temperature reduction achieved by the turbine expansion is represented by the temperature difference between point 4 and point 5. Finally, the temperature difference that can be used for cooling, represented as "available cooling", is shown between point 5 and point 6.

[0004] Other cold air chillers in various other embodiments are presented in the talk "Luft als Kaltemittel-Geschichte der Kaltluftkaltemaschine" (History of Air-Cold Air Chillers as Refrigerant) by I. Ebinger at the Historikertagung (Historian convention) 2013 in Friedrichshafen on June 21, 2013.

[0005] Compared to heat pumps used for cooling and heating, gas refrigerators have the advantage that the energy-intensive circulation of a liquid refrigerant can be avoided. Moreover, gas refrigerators do not require continuous evaporation on the one hand, and continuous condensation on the other. In the cycle shown in figure 5, there are no transitions between different condensation states, only gas circulates. Moreover, very low pressures close to vacuum are required for heat pumps, and these pressures can result in considerable expenses in terms of generation, handling and maintenance during operation, especially with regard to the equipment, especially if problematic refrigerants are made unnecessary for the climate. Nevertheless, the use of cold air refrigerators is limited. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT EMBODIMENT It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved gas refrigerator. This object is achieved by a gas refrigerator as recited in claim 1, a method for operating a gas refrigerator as recited in claim 29, or a method for manufacturing a gas refrigerator as recited in claim 30. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] An aspect of the invention is based on the finding that a gas refrigerator must be designed to be particularly compact in order to prevent losses through the tubes, especially in the recuperator or in the connection between the recuperator and the compressor. For this purpose, the recuperator is arranged to extend around the suction area of ​​the compressor, which is separated from the recuperator by an inlet wall. This integrated arrangement between the compressor with the suction area on the one hand and the recuperator on the other hand leads to the fact that a compact setup can be achieved with optimal flow conditions for drawing the gas present on the primary side of the recuperator through the recuperator. Furthermore, the effect of the recuperator is important for the efficiency of the entire gas refrigerator, and for this reason the recuperator is arranged to extend at least partially, preferably completely, around the suction area. This ensures that a substantial amount of gas is drawn from the recuperator from all sides over the entire suction area that extends away from the compressor input and is separated from the recuperator by an inlet wall. Thus, although the recuperator may occupy a considerable volume, a compact design is still achieved because the compressor is directly integrated with the recuperator. On the other hand, this embodiment also leaves sufficient space on the secondary side of the recuperator which must thermally interact with the primary side of the recuperator, allowing the warm gas flow on the primary side and the warm gas flow on the secondary side to interact well thermally.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the direct flow or counter flow principle is used in the recuperator to achieve particularly good efficiency in this component. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the first input to the primary side of the recuperator represents a gas or air input, so that the gas refrigerator can operate in an open system. The turbine output or gas outlet is then also led to a space where, for example, cooling air or more generally cooling gas is introduced. In the present invention, the gas refrigerator is formed as an open system, and the gas refrigerator is configured such that the working medium in at least one of the group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60) and the turbine (70) is gas. Alternatively, the gas input on the one hand and the gas output on the other hand may be connected to the system to be cooled via a piping system and a heat exchanger, and the gas refrigerator according to the invention is then a closed system.

[0009] Preferably, the entire gas refrigerator is mounted in a housing that is typically rotationally symmetric at least in its "interior" and has an upright shape and a taller than diametrical, i.e. elongated, upright shape, which also houses the gas input and gas output and the recuperator, compressor and turbine, preferably a heat exchanger.

[0010] Preferably, during operation, the compressor is located above the turbine. Also preferably, the compressor comprises a radial wheel and the turbine also comprises a turbine wheel, the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel being arranged on a common shaft, the shaft further comprising a rotor of the drive motor interacting with a stator of the drive motor. Preferably, the rotor is arranged between the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel.

[0011] In yet another embodiment, the recuperator is located in an outer region of the gas engine volume, the compressor input is located in an inner region of the gas engine volume, and the suction region is also located in the inner region of the volume. Preferably, the suction region has an opening area that increases continuously from the first end to the second end, such that the suction wall is formed continuously, i.e. preferably without edges. The end with the smaller opening area is connected to the compressor input, and the end with the larger opening area is connected to the compressor input, such that the compressor operation creates a suction effect in the suction region, which suction effect extends through the recuperator via the primary output of the recuperator fluidly coupled to the suction region, through the recuperator to the primary input of the recuperator, which is formed directly as a gas inlet or is connected to a gas outlet in the housing.

[0012] Also preferably, the guide chamber of the compressor is configured to guide the compressed gas from the center of the volume of the gas engine to the outside, the compressed gas being fed directly to the primary input of the heat exchanger. Through the heat exchanger, the heated gas flows from the outside to the inside, from where it enters the secondary or second input of the recuperator, which is preferably located inside the volume and extends around the suction area, in particular around the suction wall, but is fluidically separated from the suction area. The gas fed to the secondary input flows from the inside to the outside on the secondary side of the recuperator, thus allowing a thermally particularly favorable counter-flow principle, and then flows from the outside to the recuperator, preferably to the suction area of ​​the turbine, where the gas flows from the outside to the inside and is relaxed through the turbine wheel to the air output, which is preferably formed as a large surface in the lower part of the gas refrigerator. On the other hand, the gas input is formed in the lateral upper area of ​​the gas refrigerator by a number of perforations connected to corresponding gas channels forming the gas inlet or the primary inlet to the recuperator.

[0013] Preferably, the electronics required to control and operate the gas refrigerator are located in the area below the turbine suction area, i.e. adjacent to the air outlet, so that cooled air can provide a cooling effect to the electronic elements through the turbine output wall.

[0014] Furthermore, the installation of a cold air chiller is technically less complicated and therefore less prone to errors when compared to, for example, a heat pump, and is more efficient since it does not require the movement of significant amounts of liquid refrigerant in the circuit.

[0015] One aspect of the invention relates to the placement of a recuperator at least partially about the suction area.

[0016] Another aspect of the invention relates to the arrangement of the recuperator, compressor, heat exchanger, and turbine within a single housing, which may be cylindrical, for example, having an elongated shape with a height greater than its diameter.

[0017] Another aspect of the invention relates to a special implementation in which the compressor is located above the turbine to achieve optimal flow efficiency of the gas within the gas refrigerator.

[0018] Another aspect of the invention relates to the arrangement of the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel on the axis on which the rotor of the engine is also located, in order to produce an optimal and efficient transfer of power from the turbine to the compressor in order to save as much as possible on the drive energy supplied.

[0019] Another aspect of the invention relates to the implementation of a rotationally symmetric recuperator having a compressor and a turbine, the axis of rotation of which coincides with the axis of the recuperator, whether or not to achieve efficient flow guidance in a gas refrigerator.

[0020] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a preferred arrangement and design of heat exchangers in a gas refrigerator to achieve a space saving gas refrigerator with efficient conversion of thermal energy.

[0021] Another aspect of the invention relates to locating an electronics module that thermally interacts with a boundary in the cooling area of ​​a gas refrigerator, for example between the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel, or on the path of the gas from the recuperator output to the turbine, or especially near the cooling turbine output.

[0022] It should be specifically noted that each of the aspects can be implemented by itself or in conjunction with one or more or all of the other aspects mentioned.

[0023] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2a] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a whole-body gas refrigerator according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2b] 11 is a cross-sectional view of a fully integrated gas refrigerator according to another embodiment of the present invention having an alternative configuration of the electronic assembly; FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a diagram of different temperature / pressure / volume flow ratios at different points in a gas refrigerator. [Figure 4a] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross section of a preferred recuperator having a collection space on the secondary side. [Figure 4b] FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a preferred recuperator having a collection space on the secondary side. [Figure 4c] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cross-sectional wedge heat exchanger having a larger input cross-section and a smaller output cross-section. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a known cold air refrigerator. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a temperature-entropy diagram of the known cold air refrigerator of FIG. 5. [Figure 7a] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred compressor-turbine combination. [Figure 7b] FIG. 7b is a side view of the preferred compressor-turbine combination of FIG. 7a. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] Figure 1 shows a gas chiller having a gas input 2 for the gas to be cooled, i.e. "warm" gas, and a gas output 5 for the gas to be cooled, i.e. "cold" gas. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gas is normal air, such as room air in an office, data centre, factory etc. In such a case the gas chiller may be operated as an open loop by drawing air into the room via the gas input 2 at one point and exhausting the cooled air into the room at another point.

[0026] However, the invention may also be practiced as a closed system in which the gas output 5 is connected to the primary side of a heat exchanger and the gas input 2 is also connected to the primary side of the heat exchanger but at the "warm" end, and the secondary side of this heat exchanger is connected to a heat source.

[0027] The gas refrigerator further comprises a recuperator 10 having a first recuperator input 11, a first recuperator output 12, a second recuperator input 13, and a second recuperator output 14. The path from the first recuperator input 11 to the first recuperator output 12 represents the primary side of the recuperator, and the path from the second recuperator input 13 to the second recuperator output 14 represents the secondary side of the recuperator.

[0028] Furthermore, the compressor 40 is provided with a compressor input 41 and a compressor output 42. The compressor input 41 is coupled to the first recuperator output 12 via a suction area 30 bounded by an inlet wall 31. Furthermore, the heat exchanger 60 is provided with a heat exchanger input 61 and a heat exchanger output 62. The first heat exchanger input 61 and the first heat exchanger output 62 form a primary side of the heat exchanger 60. The second heat exchanger input 63 and the second heat exchanger output 64 form a secondary side of the heat exchanger 60. The secondary side is coupled to a heat sink 80, which may for example be located on a roof if the gas refrigerator is used for cooling or may be an underfloor heating system if the gas refrigerator is used for heating, and a pump 90 is further provided on the secondary side, preferably located between the heat sink 80 and the second heat exchanger input 63. As shown in Figure 1, the first heat exchanger input 61 is connected to the compressor output 42 and the first heat exchanger output 62 is connected to the second recuperator input 13, i.e. the secondary side of the recuperator. Furthermore, a turbine 70 is provided having a turbine input 71 and a turbine output 72. The turbine input 71 is preferably connected to the second output 14 of the recuperator 10, i.e. the output of the secondary side of the recuperator, and the gas output 5 is the same as or combined with the turbine output 72.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 1, the compressor input 41 is separated from the recuperator by an inlet wall 31 and is connected to a suction area 30 bounded by the recuperator. The suction area 30 extends away from the compressor 40, 10 is configured to extend at least partially around the suction area. The suction area 30 is bounded by the inlet wall 31, which is also a boundary of the recuperator. The inlet wall 31 is provided with an opening for allowing gas present at the second output 12 of the recuperator 10 to flow into the suction area 30. The opening provided in the inlet wall thus represents the first recuperator output 12. The inlet wall is further configured to provide fluidic separation between the suction area 30 and both the second recuperator input 13 and the second recuperator output 14 (as well as with respect to the first recuperator input 11, which is only accessible by gas via a provided path in the recuperator). In one embodiment, the recuperator (10) comprises a first recuperator input (11), a first recuperator output (12), a second recuperator input (13) and a second recuperator output (14). In the above or further embodiments, the compressor comprises a compressor input (41) and a compressor output (42). In the above or further embodiments, the heat exchanger (60) comprises a first heat exchanger input (61) and a first heat exchanger output (62) on the primary side and a second heat exchanger input (63) and a second heat exchanger output (64) on the secondary side, the first heat exchanger input (61) being connected to the compressor output (42) and the first heat exchanger output (62) being connected to the second recuperator input (13). In the above or further embodiments, the turbine (70) comprises a turbine input (71) and a turbine output (72), the turbine input (71) being connected to the second recuperator output (14) and the gas output (5) being coupled to the turbine output (72). In the above or further embodiments, the compressor (40) is arranged above the turbine (70) in the direction of operation. In said or further embodiments, the input for gas (2) is arranged at the area to be cooled and draws in gas having a first temperature from the area to be cooled, and the gas output (5) is arranged at the area to be cooled and outputs gas having a second temperature to the area to be cooled, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature. In said or further embodiments, the gas refrigerator is configured to draw in air to be cooled via the gas input (2) as the gas to be cooled and to output the cooled air via the gas output (5) as the cooled gas. In the above or further embodiments, the compressor (40) comprises a compressor wheel (40a), the turbine (70) comprises a turbine wheel (70a), the compressor wheel (40a) and the turbine wheel (70a) are arranged on a common shaft, and the rotor (44) of the drive motor is arranged on the common shaft and interacts with a stator of the drive motor. In the above or further embodiments, the compressor wheel (40a) has a larger diameter than the rotor (44) of the drive motor or a larger diameter than the turbine wheel (70a) of the turbine (70). Specifically, the rotor (44) is disposed between the compressor wheel (40a) and the turbine wheel (70a); or the compressor wheel (40a), the first shaft portion (43a), the rotor (44), the second shaft portion (43b), and the turbine wheel (70a) are integrally formed; or the compressor wheel (40a) is formed with a first bearing portion (40b) and the turbine wheel (70a) is formed with a second bearing portion (70b); or the rotor (44) is formed of a non-ferromagnetic material such as aluminum, and a ferromagnetic backing element (44a) is disposed around the rotor (44), and magnets (44b) are disposed on the backing element (44a).

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the recuperator extends completely around the suction area 30, as shown for example in FIG. 2a. However, in certain embodiments, it is sufficient for the recuperator to extend around the suction area only part of the total angular range of 360°. Thus, for example, if the gas refrigerator is to be mounted in a corner of a room, an arrangement of the recuperator that extends only 90° around the suction area 30 may be advantageous in this respect. Depending on the implementation, other larger or smaller extensions around the suction area are also conceivable for the recuperator. However, embodiments in which the recuperator extends completely around the suction area, i.e. 360°, are particularly efficient.

[0031] Here, it is further preferred that the recuperator has a circular cross section in top view, other cross sections such as triangular, square, pentagonal or other polygonal cross sections in top view are also conceivable, since these recuperators with such cross sections in top view can also be easily designed with corresponding gas flow paths in order to achieve the recuperative effect preferably from all sides with high efficiency.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the entire gas refrigerator is accommodated in a housing, for example as shown at 100 in FIG. 2a. The gas input 2 is located in the upper region of the housing 100 in FIG. 2a, the housing or the upper housing wall is formed to be identical to the recuperator wall. The gas input 2 therefore simultaneously represents the first recuperator input, represented by the perforation 11 in the housing wall. As shown in FIG. 2a, the recuperator preferably occupies a significant part of the height of the entire housing 100, such as between 30 and 60% of the height of the housing. Furthermore, all components of the gas refrigerator, i.e. both the compressor 40 and the recuperator 10, as well as the heat exchanger 60 and the turbine 70, are arranged in the housing 100, as shown in the exemplary particularly compact embodiment of FIG. 2a. Only the connections 63, 64 of the secondary side of the heat exchanger 60, as well as the air inlet 2 and the air outlet 5, are accessible to the outside. Furthermore, an electronics module 102 with corresponding connections 101, which are further accessible from the outside, is preferably arranged below the turbine, below the turbine input 71 or next to the turbine output 72. All other elements as well as inputs and outputs etc. are not accessible externally in the compact implementation. Thus, the gas refrigerator in the particularly compact configuration of Figure 2a only has an air inlet 2, an air outlet 5, connections 63, 64 for the secondary side of the heat exchanger 60 and a power / signal connection 101 for the electronics module 102. In one embodiment, at least one of a group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60), and the turbine (70) is disposed within the housing (100).

[0033] The electronics module 102 is preferably used to provide power to the drive motor of the compressor 40, or to provide control data to, or to obtain sensor data from, the gas refrigerator elements, and is located in an area of ​​the gas refrigerator configured or suitable for cooling the electronics assembly.

[0034] As pointed out, gas refrigerators can be used for cooling, in which case the gas input is connected to the area to be cooled, either directly to the room to be cooled or via a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger 60 or the secondary side 63, 64 of the heat exchanger is connected to a heat sink 80, such as a roof ventilator on a building or a ventilator outside the area to be cooled.

[0035] On the other hand, if the gas refrigerator is used to heat a building or a heated area, the secondary side 63, 64 of the heat exchanger is connected, for example, to a floor heating system (FHS) or to any heating circuit that may have a heating capacity other than floor heating. In this case, the gas input 2 is connected to a source of hot gas if a direct system is used, or to a heat exchanger connected on its primary side to a heat source, the secondary side of which is formed by the gas input 2 and the gas output 5. In particular, the secondary input of this heat exchanger, not shown in figure 1, is the gas input 2 and the secondary output is the gas outlet 5 of this heat exchanger, not shown in figure 1.

[0036] With reference to FIG. 2a, a particularly preferred embodiment for the design of the gas refrigerator is shown below. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 2a, the compressor 40 is arranged upstream of the turbine 70 in the direction of operation of the gas refrigerator. This has the advantage that warm air in the area to be cooled can be sucked in from above downwards and cool air is exhausted downwards into the area to be cooled. This takes into account physical properties, for example that cool air tends to collect at the bottom of a floor or room and warm air at the top of a room.

[0037] Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2a, the compressor comprises a compressor wheel and the turbine also comprises a turbine wheel 70a. Preferably, both wheels are arranged on the same shaft 43. Furthermore, a rotor 44 of a drive motor is arranged on the shaft 43 to provide the additional drive force still required beyond the drive force achieved by the turbine. The rotor 44 here cooperates with a stator of the drive motor, which is not shown in Fig. 2a.

[0038] Also, as shown in FIG. 2a, the rotor 44 is preferably disposed between the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel 70a.

[0039] Preferably, the recuperator is located in the outer region of the gas refrigerator volume so that the suction area 30 connected to the compressor input 41 can be located in the inner region of the recuperator. Then, as shown in FIG. 2a, air is drawn in from all sides, and a schematic cross-sectional view of the air inlet 2 is shown both on the left and on the right side of the figure. The recuperator 10 thus comprises a volume shape with a central area with a central opening forming the suction area 30, the suction wall extends from the first end to the second end, the second end being covered by the cover 32. Thus, air or gas does not enter the suction area from above, but only from the side through the primary area of ​​the recuperator. The expansion from the first end at the compressor input 41 to the second end by the cover plate 32 is a continuous expansion having an approximately parabolic or hyperbolic shape, in order to ensure an optimal flow pattern in the suction area and as far as possible a laminar flow forming the lowest flow resistance in the suction area from top to bottom. The slightly higher flow resistance due to the longer gas flow path in the recuperator closer to the compressor input 41 is compensated for by the slightly shorter gas flow path further away from the compressor input 41, resulting in a nearly equal condition of flow resistance for the entire area from bottom to top along the suction region, so that the recuperator flows equally efficiently throughout its entire volume.

[0040] Preferably, the recuperator 10 is rotationally symmetrical, the axis of symmetry of the recuperator 10 being the axis of the compressor or the axis of the turbine or the axis of the suction area and / or the axis of the housing. , and / or the axis of the gas output (5) or the input (2) for gas, or the axis of the suction area (30) Matches.

[0041] In one embodiment, the recuperator is implemented as a counter-flow heat exchanger, which is shown in one embodiment in the schematic diagram of FIG. 4a. In the example of FIG. 4a, which represents the "left half" or "right half" of the recuperator of FIG. 2a for example, there is a first gas flow path 15 from the first recuperator input 11 to the first recuperator output 12. In addition, there is a second gas flow path 16 that extends between the first collection space 17 on the left side of FIG. 4a and the second collection space 18 on the right side of FIG. 4a. The second gas flow path 16 thermally interacts with the first gas flow path 15. Depending on the implementation, i.e. how the secondary side of the recuperator is occupied, the flow direction in the gas flow path 16 is the same direction as the flow in the gas flow path 15. Then, the left connection at the bottom left of FIG. 4a is the second recuperator input 13 and the right connection is the recuperator output 14. On the other hand, preferably when the recuperator is operated in counterflow, where the flow directions in flow paths 15 and 16 are opposite to each other, the input on the left side of FIG. 4a is the second recuperator output 14 and the connection on the right side of FIG. 4a is the second recuperator input 13.

[0042] Thermal interaction occurs through the recuperator material located between the gas paths 15 and 16, i.e. between the gas path 15 and the corresponding gas path 16, i.e. heating the aspirated warm gas at the expense of cooling the gas flowing through the secondary area of ​​the recuperator which is brought to the turbine for mitigation.

[0043] The recuperator, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 4a, comprises a collecting space 17 for distributing the gas supplied via the left connection 4 from bottom to top to the various gas flow paths. Correspondingly, the gas flowing through the flow paths is collected on the other side by a second collecting space 18 and withdrawn via a second connection. On the other hand, in case of different occupancies, i.e. true counterflow, the collecting space 18 ensures the distribution of gas to the individual gas flow paths 16, while the collecting space 17 causes the collection of the gas discharged from the individual flow paths with the aim of extracting it via the lower connection by the turbine relaxation effect.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the housing in which the mini gas refrigerator is located is rotationally symmetrical or cylindrical, has a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 meters and a height of 1.0 to 2.5 meters. In particular, sizes with a diameter of 70 to 90 centimeters, in particular 80 centimeters, are preferred, and heights of 170 to 190 centimeters, preferably 180 cm, are preferred to produce already significant cooling, for example for computer rooms, preferably implemented as direct air cooling. Furthermore, to ensure optimal flow distribution, a widening from the turbine output 72 to the gas outlet 5 extending parabolically or hyperbolically is provided, whereby a good adaptation of the flow conditions from the high speed at the turbine output 72 to the adapted reduced speed at the air outlet 5 is achieved, so that excessive noise is not generated by the cooling.

[0045] Preferably, the housing has an elongated shape and the gas inlet is formed by a number of perforations in the upper region of the housing relative to the working direction of the gas refrigerator or the wall of the housing. Furthermore, the gas outlet is formed by an opening in the lower region or bottom of the housing, the opening in the bottom of the region corresponding to at least 50% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the housing in the upper region, i.e. the air inlet. By making the opening of the gas outlet as large as possible, a low air velocity at the gas outlet and therefore a comfortable noise behavior, and also a comfortable "draft" behavior in the room with only low air movement is achieved. In one embodiment, the housing (100) has an elongated shape, the input (2) for gas has a plurality of perforations in a first part of the housing (100), the walls of the first part of the housing forming the walls of the recuperator (10), or the gas output (5) comprises an opening in a second part of the housing (100), the area of ​​which opening is at least 50% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the housing (100) in the first part of the housing (100).

[0046] Preferably, the compressor 40 is arranged to achieve a top-to-bottom air movement in the suction area in the working direction of the gas refrigerator. The compressor 40 then brings about a flow deflection from bottom to top, here preferably using the compressor's guide chamber 45, which achieves an essentially 90° deflection already at the transition from the compressor wheel to the guide chamber 45. The next 90° is achieved by feeding the compressed gas at the output of the guide chamber from bottom to top via the heat exchanger input 61, which is also the compressor output 42. Then, in the second heat exchanger, the gas moves from outside to inside towards the heat exchanger output 62, which coincides with the input of the recuperator 13. The gas then moves first from bottom to top in the recuperator, then from top to bottom at the output of the corresponding gas flow path, as shown with reference to FIG. 4a, and finally enters the turbine input 71 at the second recuperator output 14. The turbine input 71 is also flow-optimally connected to the second recuperator output in the outer region, i.e. outside the heat exchanger, so that as little gas deflection as possible is achieved so that the gases enter the turbine 70 without significant losses, relax within the turbine, drive the turbine accordingly and lose heat through the relaxation process.

[0047] In the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 2a or 2b, the turbine output is located at the bottom of the housing. This allows the gas chiller to be located in the cooling inlet area of ​​the "double" floor of the data center. The air flow paths extend from this cooling inlet area to the areas to be cooled, such as computer racks. The gas chiller thus provides a compact means of supplying chill to an existing infrastructure of double floors or in-floor air flow paths extending from a (central) cooling inlet.

[0048] Locating the turbine output at the bottom of the gas refrigerator has the further advantage that condensed moisture falls downwards from the unit by gravity and can be easily collected and drained without the need to detail protection of the engine from moisture. In one embodiment, the housing (100) comprises a side wall and a bottom or top wall, the input (2) for the gas is arranged in the side wall and the gas output (5) is arranged in the bottom or top wall, or the gas output (5) is formed in the bottom wall in the direction of operation of the gas refrigerator and is shaped so that the gas output can be placed over a refrigerant gas inlet at the bottom of a room in which the gas refrigerator can be installed, or the gas output (5) is formed in the bottom wall in the direction of operation of the gas refrigerator, and further a moisture collection device is provided for collecting condensate formed on the gas output (5).

[0049] Fig. 4b shows a schematic top view of a preferred recuperator 10 with a collection space on the secondary side. The top view of Fig. 2a or Fig. 2b is a schematic view. In this embodiment, the gas refrigerator is completely sealed at the top by a sealing lid. However, Fig. 4b shows the situation when the lid is transparent. In the center, the suction area 30 is shown, surrounded by an intake wall 31. Meanwhile, the boundary 18a of the inner collection space 18 and the boundary 17a of the outer collection space 17 extend around the negative pressure area 30. The gas flow occurs from outside to inside, i.e. from the first recuperator input 11 to the first recuperator output 12, as indicated by the arrow 50. Then, the gas flows downwards in the suction area 30, as indicated by the arrow end 51 in the area 30. The gas is then compressed and flows through the heat exchanger 60 and enters the second recuperator input 13. From there, it flows from bottom to top, as indicated by the arrow in the collection chamber 18. The gas then flows outwardly and downwardly through the recuperator into the collection chamber 17 as indicated by the arrow end 53. From the collection chamber 17, the gas then enters the turbine input 71 via the second recuperator output 14.

[0050] It should be noted that depending on the implementation, the flow directions can also be designed differently, as long as the one line 15 and the other line 16 are separated from each other in the recuperator 10 so that essentially no short circuit of the gas flow occurs. Similarly, the collection spaces 17, 18 are separated from the line 15. In the illustrated embodiment, the collection spaces 17, 18 are associated with the line 16 connecting the second recuperator input 13 to the second recuperator output 14. Alternatively, the implementation can be such that the collection spaces are associated with the first recuperator input and the first recuperator output, and the second input and the second recuperator output are gas-isolated from the collection spaces.

[0051] Preferably, the heat exchanger 60 has a disk-shaped volume, the heat exchanger input being located outside the disk-shaped volume and the heat exchanger output being located inside the disk-shaped volume. Furthermore, the heat exchanger input is preferably located at the bottom of the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger output is located at the top of the disk-shaped volume. In another embodiment, it is preferable to form the heat exchanger with a wedge-shaped cross section, formed such that the cross section of the heat exchanger input 61 is larger than the cross section of the heat exchanger output 62, thus obtaining a heat exchanger that is somewhat annular as in FIG. 2a, but preferably rotationally symmetrical, with the outer boundary of the ring cross section in FIG. 2b being larger than the inner boundary, and the heat exchanger does not have to be arranged horizontally as in FIG. 2a, for example, but can be arranged diagonally from bottom to top.

[0052] Figure 4c shows a cross-sectional view of one side of this embodiment for the recuperator 10 and compressor 40 and turbine 70 of Figure 2a or 2b. Only a schematic view of one side of the cross section is shown, showing the larger input 61 and smaller output 62, and further showing the flow of gas from the output 62 to the collection area 18, through the recuperator 10 to the collection area 17, and from there through the heat exchanger 60 to the turbine input.

[0053] A liquid, such as a water / glycol mixture, which carries the waste heat to the heat sink 80, preferably flows through the secondary side of a heat exchanger, the input of which is represented by line 63 and the output of which is represented by line 64. The medium cooled in the heat sink 80 is fed back to the input 63 of the secondary side of the heat exchanger 60 by a pump 90, which may for example be a liquid / air heat exchanger with a ventilation system on the roof, as also shown in Figure 3. Therefore, in the heat exchanger 40, in the area where the gas flows, there is preferably a spiral liquid line to remove and dissipate heat from the gas as efficiently as possible.

[0054] Preferably, the suction region extends a distance of more than 10 cm, preferably more than 60 cm, from the compressor input. Furthermore, the gas flow paths are arranged to be substantially uniformly distributed over the volume on all sides, so that as much air as possible can be delivered to the suction region as efficiently as possible with as little resistance as possible.

[0055] Figure 3 shows a diagram showing various ratios of speed c, temperature T, volume V and pressure p. In addition, the thermal power Q and power P are also shown, each in kW.

[0056] For example, if air has a pressure of 1.0 bar and a temperature T of 25°C, src Assume that the air enters the recuperator input 11 at 100°C. There, air enters the suction zone at a speed of about 5 meters / s, the conditions being shown at the top of the suction zone. Thermal interactions in the recuperator heat this air from 25°C to 38.5°C, with minimal pressure drop. The suction in the suction zone increases the speed from 5 m / s to about 109 m / s, which is accompanied by a slight temperature drop from 38°C to 32°C and a small pressure drop. However, the action of the compressor then brings the air to a temperature of 56°C and a slightly higher pressure of 1.2 bar, while still increasing the speed. This high speed is reduced to a speed of about 15 m / s in the heat exchanger, where the action of the heat exchanger reduces the temperature from 56°C to about 40°C. The action of the recuperator reduces this temperature at the secondary input 13 of the recuperator to a temperature of about 16°C at the turbine input. At the turbine outlet, relaxation causes a temperature drop to -1.78°C, the speed at the turbine input drops from 150 m / s to 117 m / s, then this speed drops to about 5 m / s towards the air output, which is accompanied by a temperature rise to about 5.0°C. Compared to the input air temperature of 25°C, this air provides cooling that can be increased or decreased as needed by rotating the compressor faster or slower. For the output side, i.e. the heat exchanger, the ratios are also shown. A liquid with a temperature of 55°C is coupled out, and the liquid mixture, i.e. the glycol / water mixture, is cooled by a ventilation device in the heat sink 80, for example to 37.9°C, and fed back accordingly to the secondary input 63 of the heat exchanger.

[0057] In the method for operating a gas refrigerator according to the present invention, the gas refrigerator is operated so that air is sucked through the suction region 30 that protrudes into the recuperator.

[0058] In the method of manufacturing the gas refrigerator, the individual elements are shaped and arranged to achieve a particular preferred arrangement of suction areas within the recuperator volume.

[0059] Although not shown in Figures 1-6, the recuperator can also be implemented using other heat exchanger technologies, i.e., for example, heat exchangers that do not operate in counterflow, where the gas flow paths are not parallel to each other, or are arranged vertically or with a horizontal operating direction relative to the housing direction.

[0060] Also, the compressor and turbine do not necessarily have to be located on the same shaft, and other means can be taken to use the energy released by the turbine to drive the compressor.

[0061] Furthermore, the heat exchanger does not necessarily have to be located within the housing between the recuperator and the turbine or between the recuperator and the compressor: the heat exchanger can be connected externally, but an in-housing arrangement is preferred for a compact design.

[0062] Furthermore, the compressor and turbine do not necessarily have to be implemented as radial wheels, although this is preferred since good power regulation can be achieved by continuously controlling the compressor speed via the electronics module 102 of FIG. 2a.

[0063] Depending on the embodiment, the compressor can be designed as shown in Fig. 2a as a turbo compressor with radial wheels and guide channels or guide chambers 45 which achieve a 180° deflection of the gas flow. However, other gas routing measures can also be achieved, for example via a different shape of the guide chambers or via a different shape of the radial wheels, in order to still achieve a particularly efficient setting which results in good efficiency.

[0064] See, for example, the very high efficiency ε of 4.24 obtained at a corresponding, still moderate, rotation speed of 285.8 revolutions per second in FIG.

[0065] In addition, reference is made to the particularly favorable temperature swing that results, although a temperature of 25°C is supplied. Despite this relatively high temperature, low temperatures close to freezing are still achieved at moderate compressor speeds. Furthermore, the temperature requirements on the secondary side are not critical. Although a relatively warm water / glycol mixture of 37.9°C is supplied, heat dissipation can still be achieved, resulting in a heated water / glycol mixture of about 55°C. This means that even in very hot climates, safe heat dissipation can still be achieved via outdoor radiators.

[0066] FIG. 7a shows a perspective view of a preferred compressor-turbine combination, and FIG. 7b shows a side view of the preferred compressor-turbine combination of FIG. 7a. The combination is preferably designed as a monolithic unit or integrally formed of the same material. It comprises an upper or first bearing area 40b, on which the compressor wheel 40a is mounted. The compressor wheel 40a merges into a first intermediate area 43a, also shown as axle 43. This axle area 43a merges into a rotor 44, which in turn merges into another intermediate area 43b. To this is connected a suspendable turbine wheel 70a via a lower bearing part 70b. The suspension for the bearing area is attached to the wall of the suction area 30 of FIG. 2a or FIG. 2b for the first bearing area 40b, and the bearing area 70b for the turbine wheel 70a is attached to the suspension of the turbine output 72. Preferably, roller or ball bearings are used as bearings.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the combination is formed from a material such as aluminium or plastic and the rotor 44 is surrounded by a ferromagnetic buckling ring to which magnets are attached, for example by adhesive, to form a motor gap with a stator not shown in Figures 7a or 7b.

[0068] As further shown in FIG. 7b, the combination is dimensioned such that the diameter of the compressor wheel 40a is greater than that of the rotor 44, and the diameter of the rotor 44 (preferably without back iron 44a and magnets 44b) is equal to or greater than that of the turbine wheel 70a. In this way, easier assembly is achieved, since the gas refrigerator can be assembled with the combination of FIG. 7a or 7b against FIG. 2a or 2b, preferably from the bottom up. Furthermore, it is possible to slide the buckling 44a on the turbine wheel 70a and attach it around it to the rotor 44. The assembly is preferably performed from the bottom up, using the element with the turbine output 71 as a base on which the inner boundary of the recuperator output 14 is placed. The combination of the turbine wheel 70a and the compressor wheel is then placed on this and inserted into the bearing support of the lower bearing part 70b. Then, by placing the upper bearing support portion on the protruding bearing portion 40b, the suction area 30 can be easily mounted together with the guide chamber 45, the heat exchanger 60 and the recuperator 10 arranged thereover.

[0069] FIG. 2b shows a cross-sectional view of a fully integrated gas refrigerator according to a further embodiment of the invention, with an alternative arrangement of the electronics module 102 with respect to FIG. 2a. Whereas in FIG. 2a the electronics module is mounted in the cooling area adjacent to the turbine output, in FIG. 2b it is placed in the so-called "engine room" between the base of the compressor wheel 40a and the base of the turbine wheel 70a in FIG. 7b. In particular, the arrangement of the module 102 on the upper boundary 71a of the turbine input 71 is advantageous since this area is sufficiently cooled for the gas coming from the heat exchanger, which in the scenario of FIG. 3 is only 27 degrees Celsius or 16 degrees Celsius. Thus, the heat lost from the motor or the waste heat from the electronics or sensors in the module is easily dissipated through the turbine 70.

[0070] Preferably, the electronics module 102 for electrically supplying power and / or control signals to the gas refrigerator is disk-shaped with a central opening and extends around or is formed integrally with the stator of the drive motor of the compressor 40, and more illustratively is located in the area between the base of the compressor wheel 40a of the compressor 40 and the base of the turbine wheel 70a of the turbine. In one embodiment, the electronics module (102) for powering the drive motor of the compressor (40) or for providing control data to the elements of the gas refrigerator or for obtaining sensor data from the elements of the gas refrigerator is arranged in an area of ​​the gas refrigerator configured to cool the electronics module (102), or the electronics module (102) for powering the gas refrigerator with energy and / or control signals is arranged in an area between the turbine output (72) and the gas output (5) and a housing wall of the housing (100) outside the gas output (5), or the electronics module (102) for powering the gas refrigerator with energy and / or control signals is arranged in an area between the base of the compressor wheel (40a) of the compressor (40) and the base of the turbine (70). or the electronics module (102) for supplying energy and / or control signals to the gas refrigerator is arranged on a boundary member (71a) of the turbine input (71) of the turbine (70) and the electronics module (102) is arranged further outside the turbine input (71) of the turbine (70); or the electronics module (102) for supplying energy and / or control signals to the gas refrigerator is arranged on a boundary member (71a) of the turbine input (71) of the turbine (70), ...

[0071] Although the annular assembly is shown in cross section in Fig. 2b, the assembly can be formed in any manner, so long as it is housed within the engine casing and in thermal interaction with, e.g., attached to, the boundary 71a of the input 71 of the turbine 70. In this regard, it is further preferred to route the power supply lines 101a and data 101b for the engine through the lateral boundary 14a of the recuperator output 14 and through the housing 100 at the appropriate location, as shown for example in Fig. 2b. The invention also refers to a method of operating a gas refrigerator comprising a gas input (2), a recuperator (10), a compressor (40) with a compressor input (41), the compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12), a heat exchanger (60) coupled to the compressor output (42), a turbine (70) and a gas output (5), comprising the steps of drawing gas through the gas input (2), compressing the gas that has traveled through the primary zone of the recuperator (10) to obtain compressed gas, introducing the compressed gas into the heat exchanger (60), introducing the gas discharged from the heat exchanger (60) into the secondary zone of the recuperator (10), relaxing the gas at the output of the secondary zone of the recuperator (10) by means of the turbine (70) and outputting the relaxed gas through the gas output (5). Here, the gas input (2) is arranged in a first part of a housing (100) of the gas refrigerator in which the gas input (2) and the gas output (5) are configured, and the gas output (5) is arranged in a second part of the housing (100) of the gas refrigerator, and further, the first part is arranged above the second part in an operating direction in which the gas refrigerator is placed during operation of the gas refrigerator. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a gas refrigerator, comprising: an input (2) for gas; a recuperator (10); a compressor (40) having a compressor input (41), the compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12); a heat exchanger (60) coupled to a compressor output (42); a turbine (70); and a gas output (5); A method of manufacturing a gas refrigerator includes the steps of arranging a recuperator (10), a compressor (40), a turbine (70) and a heat exchanger (60) in an open system, the gas refrigerator being configured such that a working medium flowing through at least one of a group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60) and the turbine (70) is a gas; The input (2) for gas is arranged in a first part of a housing (100) of the gas refrigerator in which the input (2) for gas and the gas output (5) are configured, and the gas output (5) is arranged in a second part of the housing (100) of the gas refrigerator, the first part being arranged above the second part in an operating direction in which the gas refrigerator is placed during operation of the gas refrigerator.

[0072] Although some aspects have been described in the context of an apparatus, it will be understood that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, such that a block or component of the apparatus is also understood as a corresponding method step or feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in relation to or as a method step also constitute a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of the corresponding apparatus. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware apparatus, such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer, or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, some or more of the most important method steps may be performed by such an apparatus.

Claims

1. A gas refrigerator, An input for gas (2); A recuperator (10); a compressor (40) having a compressor input (41), said compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12); A heat exchanger (60); A turbine (70); a housing (100) including a first portion and a second portion; Gas output (5); Equipped with the gas refrigerator is formed as an open system and is configured such that the gas is a working medium flowing through at least one of a group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60), and the turbine (70); said gas input (2) being arranged in said first part and said gas output (5) being arranged in said second part, said first part being arranged above said second part in an operating direction in which said gas refrigerator is placed during operation of said gas refrigerator, the recuperator (10) comprises a countercurrent heat exchanger, the gas refrigerator is arranged such that the gas passes through the gas input (2) from outside the countercurrent heat exchanger to inside the countercurrent heat exchanger, and the gas refrigerator is arranged such that gas discharged from the countercurrent heat exchanger passes from inside the countercurrent heat exchanger to outside the countercurrent heat exchanger, or the recuperator (10) is rotationally symmetrical, the axis of symmetry of the recuperator (10) substantially coinciding with the axis of the compressor (40) or with the axis of the turbine (70) or with the axis of the gas output (5) or with the axis of the input (2) for gas or with the axis of the suction area (30), or the compressor input (41) is connected to a suction area (30) defined by an inlet wall (31) and extending away from the compressor (40), and the recuperator (10) extends at least partially around the suction area (30) and is defined by the inlet wall (31); Gas refrigerator.

2. the recuperator (10) comprises a first recuperator input (11), a first recuperator output (12), a second recuperator input (13) and a second recuperator output (14); or the compressor includes the compressor input (41) and a compressor output (42); or the heat exchanger (60) comprises a first heat exchanger input (61) and a first heat exchanger output (62) on a primary side and a second heat exchanger input (63) and a second heat exchanger output (64) on a secondary side, the first heat exchanger input (61) being coupled to the compressor output (42) and the first heat exchanger output (62) being coupled to the second recuperator input (13); or the turbine (70) comprises a turbine input (71) and a turbine output (72), the turbine input (71) being connected to the second recuperator output (14) and the gas output (5) being coupled to the turbine output (72); The gas refrigerator according to claim 1.

3. the compressor (40) is arranged above the turbine (70) in the direction of operation; or the gas input (2) is arranged in the area to be cooled and is configured to draw gas having a first temperature from the area to be cooled, and the gas output (5) is arranged in the area to be cooled and is configured to output the gas having a second temperature into the area to be cooled, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature, or said gas refrigerator being configured to draw in the air to be cooled via said gas input (2) as said gas and to output said cooled air via said gas output (5) as said cooled gas, The gas refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2.

4. a drive motor having a rotor (44) and a stator, the compressor (40) comprising a compressor wheel (40a) and the turbine (70) comprising a turbine wheel (70a), the compressor wheel (40a) and the turbine wheel (70a) being arranged on a common shaft, the rotor (44) of the drive motor being arranged on the common shaft and interacting with the stator of the drive motor, or a drive motor having a rotor (44), the compressor (40) comprising a compressor wheel (40a) and the turbine (70) comprising a turbine wheel (70a), the compressor wheel (40a) having a larger diameter than the rotor (44) of the drive motor or the turbine wheel (70a) of the turbine (70), The gas refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. the rotor (44) is disposed between the compressor wheel (40a) and the turbine wheel (70a); or the compressor wheel (40a), the first shaft portion (43a), the rotor (44), the second shaft portion (43b) and the turbine wheel (70a) are integrally formed or a first bearing portion (40b) formed on said compressor wheel (40a) and a second bearing portion (70b) formed on said turbine wheel (70a); or the rotor (44) is formed of a non-ferromagnetic material, the gas refrigerator includes a ferromagnetic backing element (44a) disposed around the rotor (44), and the gas refrigerator includes a magnet (44b) disposed on the ferromagnetic backing element (44a); The gas refrigerator according to claim 4.

6. A gas refrigerator, An input for gas (2); A recuperator (10); a compressor (40) having a compressor input (41), said compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12); A heat exchanger (60); A turbine (70); a housing (100) including a first portion and a second portion; Gas output (5); Equipped with the gas refrigerator is formed as an open system and is configured such that the gas is a working medium flowing through at least one of a group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60), and the turbine (70); said gas input (2) being arranged in said first part and said gas output (5) being arranged in said second part, said first part being arranged above said second part in an operating direction in which said gas refrigerator is placed during operation of said gas refrigerator, The recuperator (10) is located in an outer region of the gas refrigerator volume and the compressor input (41) is located in an inner region of the gas refrigerator volume, or the recuperator (10) has a volumetric shape with a central opening located in a central area forming a suction area (30), an intake wall (31) extending from a first end of the central opening forming the compressor input (41) to a second end closed by a cover (32); or A gas refrigerator comprising a suction area (30) defined by an intake wall (31), the suction area (30) having a first end, a second end, and an opening area that increases continuously from the first end to the second end, the intake wall (31) being formed continuously or steplessly.

7. A gas refrigerator, An input for gas (2); A recuperator (10); a compressor (40) having a compressor input (41), said compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12); A heat exchanger (60); A turbine (70); a housing (100) including a first portion and a second portion; Gas output (5); Equipped with the gas refrigerator is formed as an open system and is configured such that the gas is a working medium flowing through at least one of a group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60), and the turbine (70); said gas input (2) being arranged in said first part and said gas output (5) being arranged in said second part, said first part being arranged above said second part in an operating direction in which said gas refrigerator is placed during operation of said gas refrigerator, the housing (100) comprises a side wall and a bottom or top wall, the input (2) for the gas being arranged in the side wall and the gas output (5) being arranged in the bottom or top wall, or The gas refrigerator has a bottom wall, the gas output (5) is formed on the bottom wall provided in the operating direction of the gas refrigerator, and the gas output (5) is shaped to be disposed at a refrigerant gas inlet at the bottom of a room in which the gas refrigerator can be installed, or the gas refrigerator comprises a bottom wall, the gas outlet (5) being arranged on the bottom wall in the direction of operation of the gas refrigerator, the gas refrigerator comprises a moisture collector for collecting condensate, the moisture collector being arranged on the gas outlet (5), or said housing (100) is rotationally symmetric or cylindrical, or has a diameter between 0.5 m and 1.5 m, or a height between 1.0 m and 2.5 m, or the gas output (5) has a gas output aperture and the turbine (70) comprises a turbine output (72) having a turbine output aperture, the turbine output aperture being smaller than the gas output aperture, and an intermediate aperture between the gas output aperture and the turbine output aperture increases continuously from the turbine output aperture to the gas output aperture; or the housing (100) has an elongated shape, the input (2) for gas has a plurality of perforations in the first part of the housing (100), the walls of the first part of the housing (100) forming the walls of the recuperator (10), or the gas output (5) comprises an opening in the second part of the housing (100) having an opening area that is at least 50% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the housing (100) in the first part of the housing (100); or The compressor (40) is configured to move gas from top to bottom through a suction area (30) to the compressor input (41) and supply compressed gas from below to the heat exchanger (60) with an output guide chamber (45), or 1. A gas refrigerator, wherein the heat exchanger (60) has a wedge-shaped or disk-shaped volume, and the heat exchanger input (61) is located outside the wedge-shaped or disk-shaped volume and the heat exchanger output (62) is located inside the wedge-shaped or disk-shaped volume, or the heat exchanger input (61) is located at the bottom of the wedge-shaped or disk-shaped volume and the heat exchanger output (62) is located at the top of the wedge-shaped or disk-shaped volume.

8. A gas refrigerator, An input for gas (2); A recuperator (10); a compressor (40) having a compressor input (41), said compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12); A heat exchanger (60); A turbine (70); a housing (100) including a first portion and a second portion; Gas output (5); Equipped with the gas refrigerator is formed as an open system and is configured such that the gas is a working medium flowing through at least one of a group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60), and the turbine (70); said gas input (2) being arranged in said first part and said gas output (5) being arranged in said second part, said first part being arranged above said second part in an operating direction in which said gas refrigerator is placed during operation of said gas refrigerator, The recuperator (10) has a volume and comprises a counter-flow heat exchanger structure in an outer region of the volume and a suction region (30) in an inner region of the volume, a first recuperator input (11), a first recuperator output (12), a second recuperator input (13) and a second recuperator output (14); the first recuperator input (11) is located outside the outer region; the first recuperator output (12) is disposed in the interior region of the volume, the first recuperator output (12) configured to direct the gas to the suction region (30); the second recuperator input (13) is disposed in the inner region of the volume; the second recuperator output (14) is disposed in the outer region of the volume; the first recuperator input (11) and the second recuperator output (14) are fluidly separated in the recuperator (10); the first recuperator output (12) and the second recuperator input (13) are fluidly separated in the recuperator (10); Gas refrigerator.

9. the recuperator (10) comprises an interconnected first gas flow path (15) extending from the first recuperator input (11) to the first recuperator output (12) and an interconnected second gas flow path (16) extending between the second recuperator input (13) and the second recuperator output (14); the first gas flow path (15) and the interconnected second gas flow path (16) are arranged in thermal interaction; The recuperator (10) comprises a first collection area (18) connecting the interconnected second gas flow paths (16) at the second recuperator input (13) on one side and extending along the inner region of the volume and forming the interconnected second recuperator input (13), and a second collection area (17) connecting the interconnected second gas flow paths at the other side and extending along the edge of the outer region of the volume and forming the second recuperator output (14), an intake wall (31) defining the first collection area (18) and separating it from the suction area (30). The gas refrigerator according to claim 8.

10. A gas refrigerator, An input for gas (2); A recuperator (10); a compressor (40) having a compressor input (41), said compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12); A heat exchanger (60); A turbine (70); a housing (100) including a first portion and a second portion; Gas output (5); Equipped with the gas refrigerator is formed as an open system and is configured such that the gas is a working medium flowing through at least one of a group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60), and the turbine (70); said gas input (2) being arranged in said first part and said gas output (5) being arranged in said second part, said first part being arranged above said second part in an operating direction in which said gas refrigerator is placed during operation of said gas refrigerator, The heat exchanger (60) is disposed between the recuperator (10) and the compressor (40); or the turbine (70) comprises a turbine input (71), the turbine input (71) being connected to a second recuperator output (14) via a connection area, the connection area extending around the heat exchanger (60); or The heat exchanger (60) is a gas-liquid heat exchanger having a secondary input (63), a secondary output (64) and a conduit structure disposed within a volume through which the gas flows; the conduit structure is configured to allow liquid to flow therethrough; The conduit structure is coupled to the secondary input (63) and the secondary output (64), and the housing (100) includes a liquid outlet (64) from the heat exchanger (60) and a liquid inlet (63) to the heat exchanger (60).

11. A gas refrigerator, An input for gas (2); A recuperator (10); a compressor (40) having a compressor input (41), said compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12); A heat exchanger (60); A turbine (70); a housing (100) including a first portion and a second portion; Gas output (5); Equipped with the gas refrigerator is formed as an open system and is configured such that the gas is a working medium flowing through at least one of a group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60), and the turbine (70); said gas input (2) being arranged in said first part and said gas output (5) being arranged in said second part, said first part being arranged above said second part in an operating direction in which said gas refrigerator is placed during operation of said gas refrigerator, the recuperator (10) has a volume that completely surrounds a suction area (30), the suction area (30) and the volume of the recuperator (10) extending a distance of more than 10 cm from the compressor input (41); the input (2) for the gas is formed by a first end of a first gas flow passage (15), the second end of which opens into the suction area (30), the first gas flow passage (15) being distributed throughout the volume of the recuperator (10) in order to direct gas into the suction area (30) from multiple sides, or At least one of the group of elements comprising the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60) and the turbine (70) is disposed within the housing (100); or an electronics module (102) for powering a drive motor of the compressor (40) or for providing control data to elements of the gas refrigerator or for obtaining sensor data from elements of the gas refrigerator is disposed in an area of ​​the gas refrigerator configured to cool the electronics module (102); the turbine (70) comprises a turbine output (72), and an electronics module (102) for electrically supplying energy and / or control signals to the gas refrigerator is arranged in the area between the turbine output (72) and the gas output (5) and a housing wall of the housing (100) outside the gas output (5), or an electronics module (102) for electrically supplying the gas refrigerator with energy and / or control signals is arranged in the area between the base of the compressor wheel (40a) of the compressor (40) and the base of the turbine wheel (70a) of the turbine (70), or an electronics module (102) for electrically supplying energy and / or control signals to the gas refrigerator is arranged in a boundary member (71 a) of a turbine input (71) of the turbine (70), the electronics module (102) being further arranged outside the turbine input (71) of the turbine (70); or an electronics module (102) for electrically supplying energy and / or control signals to the gas refrigerator, said electronics module (102) having an opening in the center, being disk-shaped, extending around or being formed integrally with a stator of a drive motor of the compressor (40), and being located in the area between the base of a compressor wheel (40a) of the compressor (40) and the base of a turbine wheel (70a) of the turbine (70); Gas refrigerator.

12. A method of operating a gas refrigerator, the gas refrigerator comprising: an input (2) for gas; a recuperator (10); a compressor (40) with a compressor input (41), the compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12); a heat exchanger (60) coupled to a compressor output (42); a turbine (70); a housing (100) including a first portion and a second portion; and a gas output (5); The method for operating the gas refrigerating machine comprises: drawing in said gas via an input (2) for said gas; compressing the gas that has traveled through a primary region of the recuperator (10) with the compressor (40) to obtain compressed gas; introducing said compressed gas into said heat exchanger (60); introducing the gas discharged from the heat exchanger (60) into a secondary section of the recuperator (10); relaxing the gas at the output of the secondary section of the recuperator (10) through the turbine (70) to obtain a relaxation gas; outputting said relaxation gas via said gas output (5); Including, said gas input (2) being arranged in said first part and said gas output (5) being arranged in said second part, said first part being arranged above said second part in an operating direction in which said gas refrigerator is placed during operation of said gas refrigerator, the recuperator (10) comprises a countercurrent heat exchanger, the gas refrigerator is arranged such that the gas passes through the gas input (2) from outside the countercurrent heat exchanger to inside the countercurrent heat exchanger, and the gas refrigerator is arranged such that gas discharged from the countercurrent heat exchanger passes from inside the countercurrent heat exchanger to outside the countercurrent heat exchanger, or the recuperator (10) is rotationally symmetrical, the axis of symmetry of the recuperator (10) substantially coinciding with the axis of the compressor (40) or with the axis of the turbine (70) or with the axis of the gas output (5) or with the axis of the input (2) for gas or with the axis of the suction area (30), or the compressor input (41) is connected to a suction area (30) defined by an inlet wall (31) and extending away from the compressor (40), and the recuperator (10) extends at least partially around the suction area (30) and is defined by the inlet wall (31); method.

13. A method for manufacturing a gas refrigerator, the gas refrigerator comprising: a compressor (40) having an input (2) for gas, a recuperator (10), a compressor input (41) coupled to a first recuperator output (12), a heat exchanger (60) coupled to a compressor output (42), a turbine (70), a housing (100) including a first portion and a second portion, and a gas output (5), The method for manufacturing the gas refrigerator comprises: arranging the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the turbine (70) and the heat exchanger (60) in an open system, the gas refrigerator being configured such that a working medium flowing through at least one of a group of elements including the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60) and the turbine (70) is the gas; said gas input (2) being arranged in said first part and said gas output (5) being arranged in said second part, said first part being arranged above said second part in an operating direction in which said gas refrigerator is placed during operation of said gas refrigerator, the recuperator (10) comprises a countercurrent heat exchanger, the gas refrigerator is arranged such that the gas passes through the gas input (2) from outside the countercurrent heat exchanger to inside the countercurrent heat exchanger, and the gas refrigerator is arranged such that gas discharged from the countercurrent heat exchanger passes from inside the countercurrent heat exchanger to outside the countercurrent heat exchanger, or the recuperator (10) is rotationally symmetrical, the axis of symmetry of the recuperator (10) substantially coinciding with the axis of the compressor (40) or with the axis of the turbine (70) or with the axis of the gas output (5) or with the axis of the input (2) for gas or with the axis of the suction area (30), or the compressor input (41) is connected to a suction area (30) defined by an inlet wall (31) and extending away from the compressor (40), and the recuperator (10) extends at least partially around the suction area (30) and is defined by the inlet wall (31); method.

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