Double containment fittings and double containment fitting assemblies

Abstract

To provide additional leakage protection around intersections between tubing and secondary components.SOLUTION: A dual containment fitting includes primary tubing 110, secondary tubing 120, and a dual containment body 130. The secondary tubing may surround and be concentric with a first portion 114 of the primary tubing thereby forming a first leak containment space 140 between the primary tubing and the secondary tubing. The dual containment body includes a flare fitting portion 132 and a primary containment nut portion 134. The flare fitting portion may surround and be concentric with the primary tubing thereby forming a second leak containment space 142 between the primary tubing and the flare fitting portion. The primary containment nut portion may surround and be concentric with the flared end of the primary tubing thereby forming a third leak containment space 144 between the primary tubing and the primary containment nut portion. The primary containment nut portion may include at least one leak passage hole connecting the third leak containment space with the second leak containment space.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to a double containment fitting and, more particularly, to a double containment fitting for connecting piping to a secondary fluid transfer component in a double containment fitting assembly. [Background technology]

[0002] A double containment fitting assembly is designed to connect threaded or non-threaded piping to a secondary component, such as another piping or a valve assembly. Such an assembly can be used to facilitate the connection of concentric inner and outer plastic tubes in a configuration where the outer piping contains any fluid leakage from the inner piping. Although such a double fitting assembly reduces the problem of leakage from the inner piping itself, in light of the aggressive nature of the corrosive chemicals and the process conditions used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, it is desirable to develop additional containment options for possible leakage around the connection between the piping and the secondary component. Therefore, it is desirable to continue to develop improved fitting assemblies to provide additional leakage protection around the intersection between the piping and the secondary component. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] According to one aspect, the dual containment fitting can include a primary pipe having a flared end, a secondary pipe having a flared end, and a dual containment body. The secondary pipe can surround and be concentric with a first portion of the primary pipe, forming a first leakage containment space between the primary pipe and the secondary pipe. The dual containment body can include a flare fitting portion, a primary containment nut portion, and a hole through the dual containment body. The flare fitting portion can surround and be concentric with a second portion of the primary pipe, forming a second leakage containment space between the primary pipe and the flare fitting portion. The flare fitting portion can be press-fitted into engagement with the flared end of the secondary pipe, connecting the first leakage containment space with the second leakage containment space. The primary containment nut portion can surround and be concentric with the flared end of the primary pipe, forming a third leakage containment space between the primary pipe and the primary containment nut portion. The primary containment nut portion may include at least one leak passage hole connecting the third leak containment space with the second leak containment space.

[0004] According to yet another aspect, a dual containment fitting assembly can include a primary pipe having a flared end, a secondary pipe having a flared end, a dual containment body, and a valve assembly annular fitting body. The secondary pipe can surround and be concentric with a first portion of the primary pipe, forming a first leak containment space between the primary pipe and the secondary pipe. The dual containment body can include a flared fitting portion, a primary containment nut portion, and a bore through the nut portion. The flared fitting portion can surround and be concentric with a second portion of the primary pipe, forming a second leak containment space between the primary pipe and the flared fitting portion. The flared fitting portion can be press fit engaged with the flared end of the secondary pipe, connecting the first leak containment space with the second leak containment space. The primary containment nut portion can surround and be concentric with the flared end of the primary pipe, forming a third leak containment space between the primary pipe and the primary containment nut portion. The primary containment nut portion can include at least one leak passage hole connecting the third leak containment space with the second leak containment space. The valve assembly annular fitting body can include a first end, a second end, and a bore through the valve assembly annular fitting body. The first end of the annular fitting body can be threadably engaged with the primary containment nut portion of the dual containment body such that a flared end of the primary piping is press-fit engaged within the first end of the annular fitting body.

[0005] Examples are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the accompanying figures. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0006] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a double containment joint assembly in accordance with certain embodiments described herein. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a double containment joint assembly in accordance with certain embodiments described herein. [Diagram 3] 2A-2C show various views of the primary containment nut portion of the dual containment body of the dual containment fitting assembly shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4] 2A-2C show various views of the primary containment nut portion of the dual containment body of the dual containment fitting assembly shown in FIG. 1. [Diagram 5] 2A-2C show various views of the primary containment nut portion of the dual containment body of the dual containment fitting assembly shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a diagram of a dual containment body of the dual containment fitting assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0007] Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale.

[0008] The following discussion focuses on specific embodiments and examples of the present teachings. The detailed description is provided to help explain the specific examples and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of applicability of the present disclosure or teachings. It will be appreciated that other examples based on the present disclosure and teachings as provided herein can be used.

[0009] The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, product, or apparatus listing a list of features is not necessarily limited to only those features, but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent in such method, product, or apparatus. Furthermore, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive or, not an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of: A is true (or present) and B is false (or absent), A is false (or absent) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0010] Also, the use of "a" or "an" is utilized to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the invention. This description should be read as including one, at least one, or the singular, including the plural, unless it is clear that it is intended otherwise. For example, where a singular item is described herein, two or more items may be used in place of the singular item. Similarly, where two or more items are described herein, the singular item may be replaced with the two or more items.

[0011] The embodiments described herein are generally directed to a double containment fitting for connecting a piping or piping-like component to a valve assembly or another piping-like component. The double containment fitting is configured such that the connection includes a primary piping and a leakage containment space surrounding the intersection between the piping component and the valve assembly or additional piping component. According to certain embodiments, the double containment fitting may include a primary piping, a secondary piping, and a double containment body. According to still other embodiments, the combination of a double containment fitting connected to a valve assembly or additional piping component may be referred to as a double containment fitting assembly.

[0012] These concepts will be better understood in light of the following examples, which illustrate, but do not limit, the scope of the disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 1 includes an illustration of a perspective view of a dual containment fitting assembly 100 , which may include a dual containment fitting 102 connected to a valve assembly 104 .

[0014] Figure 2 includes an illustration of a dual containment fitting 102 connected to a valve assembly 104. According to certain embodiments, as shown in Figure 2, the dual containment fitting 102 can include a primary piping 110, a secondary piping 120, and a dual containment body 130. The primary piping 110 can include a flared end 112, a first portion 114, and a second portion 116. The secondary piping 120 can include a flared end 122.

[0015] 2 , according to certain embodiments, the secondary pipe 120 can surround the first portion 114 of the primary pipe 110. According to other embodiments, the secondary pipe 120 can be concentric with the first portion 114 of the primary pipe 110. According to yet other embodiments, the secondary pipe 120 can form a first leakage containment space 140 between the first portion 114 of the primary pipe 110 and the secondary pipe 120.

[0016] As further shown in FIG. 2, the dual containment body 130 may include a flare fitting portion 132, a primary containment nut portion 134, and a bore extending therethrough.

[0017] According to certain embodiments, the flare fitting portion 132 can surround the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110. According to yet other embodiments, the flare fitting portion 132 can be concentric with the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110. According to yet other embodiments, the flare fitting portion 132 can form a second leakage containment space 142 between the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 and the flare fitting portion 132 of the dual containment body 130. According to yet other embodiments, the flare fitting portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can be press-fitted into engagement with the flared end 112 of the secondary piping 120, connecting the first leakage containment space 140 with the second leakage containment space 142.

[0018] According to yet another embodiment, the primary containment nut portion 134 can surround the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110. According to yet another embodiment, the primary containment nut portion 134 can be concentric with the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110. According to yet another embodiment, the primary containment nut portion 134 can form a third leakage containment space 144 between the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 and the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130.

[0019] According to yet another embodiment, the primary containment nut portion 134 can include at least one leak passage hole 135 connecting the third leak containment space 144 with the second leak containment space 142 .

[0020] As further shown in FIG. 2 , the dual containment fitting 102 can further include a secondary containment nut 150. According to certain embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can surround the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120. According to yet other embodiments, the secondary containment nut portion 150 can be concentric with the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120. According to yet other embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can be threadably engaged with the flared fitting portion 132 of the dual containment body 130. According to yet other embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can be press fit engaged with the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 with the flared fitting portion 132 of the dual containment body 130.

[0021] Figure 3 includes an illustration of an alternative view of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 of the dual containment fitting 102 shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 further illustrates a leak passage hole 135 through the primary containment nut portion 134.

[0022] Figure 4 includes an illustration of an alternative view of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 of the dual containment fitting 102 shown in Figure 2. Figure 4 further illustrates a leak passage hole 135 through the primary containment nut portion 134.

[0023] Figure 5 includes an illustration of an alternative view of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 of the dual containment fitting 102 shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 further illustrates a leak passage hole 135 through the primary containment nut portion 134.

[0024] 6 includes an illustration of a dual containment body 130. As shown in FIG. 6, the dual containment body 130 can include a flare fitting portion 132, a primary containment nut portion 134, and a bore through the dual containment body, as shown in FIG.

[0025] According to certain embodiments, the primary piping 110 can include a particular material. According to other embodiments, the primary piping 110 can include a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the primary piping 110 can consist essentially of a polymeric material. According to other embodiments, the polymeric material of the primary piping 110 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the primary piping 110 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the primary piping 110 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the primary piping 110 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0026] According to yet another embodiment, the primary conduit 110 can include an outer wall. According to yet another embodiment, the outer wall of the primary conduit 110 can have a particular thickness. For example, the outer wall of the primary conduit 110 can have a thickness of at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or even at least about 1.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the primary piping 110 can have a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, such as about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or even about 1.6 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the primary piping 110 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the primary piping 110 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0027] According to yet other embodiments, the primary conduit 110 can have a particular average inner diameter. For example, the average inner diameter of the primary conduit 110 can be at least about 3.25 mm, or at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 3.75 mm, or at least about 4.0 mm, or at least about 4.25 mm, or at least about 4.50 mm, or at least about 4.75 mm, or at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.25 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 5.75 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.25 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm. It can be at least about 3.0 mm, such as at least about 6.75 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.25 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 7.75 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.25 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 8.75 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.25 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 9.75 mm, or even at least about 10.0 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the average inner diameter of the primary conduit 110 is about 19.75 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.25 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.75 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.25 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.75 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.25 mm or less, or about It may be about 20 mm or less, such as 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.75 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.75 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.25 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.75 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.25 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the average inner diameter of the outer wall of the primary piping 110 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the inner diameter of the outer wall of the primary piping 110 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0028] According to yet other embodiments, the primary conduit 110 can have a particular average outer diameter. For example, the average outer diameter of the primary conduit 110 can be at least about 5 mm, such as at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the average outer diameter of the primary piping 110 can be about 20 mm or less, such as about 19.5 mm or less, about 19.0 mm or less, about 18 mm or less, about 18.5 mm or less, about 18 mm or less, about 17.5 mm or less, about 17.0 mm or less, about 16.5 mm or less, about 16.0 mm or less, about 15.5 mm or less, about 15.0 mm or less, about 14.5 mm or less, about 14.0 mm or less, about 13.5 mm or less, or even about 13 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the average outer diameter of the outer wall of the primary piping 110 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the average outer diameter of the outer wall of the primary piping 110 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0029] According to certain embodiments, the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can include a particular material. According to other embodiments, the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can include a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can consist essentially of a polymeric material. According to other embodiments, the polymeric material of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0030] According to yet another embodiment, the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can include an outer wall. According to yet another embodiment, the outer wall of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can have a particular thickness. For example, the outer wall of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can have a thickness of at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or even at least about 1.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can have a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, such as about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or even about 1.6 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0031] According to yet another embodiment, the flared end 112 of the primary conduit 110 can have a particular maximum inner diameter. For example, the maximum inner diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary conduit 110 can be at least about 5.0 mm, such as at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the maximum inner diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 is about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 It will be appreciated that the maximum inner diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary piping 110 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the maximum inner diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary piping 110 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0032] According to yet other embodiments, the flared end 112 of the primary conduit 110 can have a particular minimum inner diameter. For example, the minimum inner diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary conduit 110 can be at least about 5.0 mm, such as at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the minimum inner diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary conduit 110 is about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 It will be appreciated that the minimum inner diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary piping 110 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the minimum inner diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary piping 110 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0033] According to yet another embodiment, the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can have a particular maximum outer diameter. For example, the maximum outer diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can be at least about 5.0 mm, such as at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the maximum outer diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 is about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the maximum outer diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary piping 110 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the maximum outer diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary piping 110 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0034] According to yet another embodiment, the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can have a particular minimum outer diameter. For example, the minimum outer diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 can be at least about 5.0 mm, such as at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the minimum outer diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary pipe 110 is about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 It will be appreciated that the minimum outer diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary piping 110 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the minimum outer diameter of the flared end 112 of the primary piping 110 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0035] According to certain embodiments, the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can include a particular material. According to other embodiments, the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can include a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can consist essentially of a polymeric material. According to other embodiments, the polymeric material of the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0036] According to yet another embodiment, the first portion 114 of the primary conduit 110 can include an outer wall. According to yet another embodiment, the outer wall of the first portion 114 of the primary conduit 110 can have a particular thickness. For example, the outer wall of the first portion 114 of the primary conduit 110 can have a thickness of at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or even at least about 1.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can have a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, such as about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or even about 1.6 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0037] According to yet other embodiments, the first portion 114 of the primary conduit 110 can have a particular maximum inner diameter. For example, the maximum inner diameter of the first portion 114 of the primary conduit 110 can be at least about 3.0 mm, such as at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 4.0 mm, or at least about 4.5 mm, or at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the maximum inner diameter of the first portion 114 of the primary conduit 110 is about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the maximum inner diameter of the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the maximum inner diameter of the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0038] According to yet other embodiments, the first portion 114 of the primary conduit 110 can have a particular minimum inner diameter. For example, the minimum inner diameter of the first portion 114 of the primary conduit 110 can be at least about 5.0 mm, such as at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the minimum inner diameter of the first portion 114 of the primary conduit 110 can be about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the minimum inner diameter of the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the minimum inner diameter of the first portion 114 of the primary piping 110 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0039] According to certain embodiments, the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can include a particular material. According to other embodiments, the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can include a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can consist essentially of a polymeric material. According to other embodiments, the polymeric material of the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0040] According to yet another embodiment, the second portion 116 of the primary conduit 110 can include an outer wall. According to yet another embodiment, the outer wall of the second portion 116 of the primary conduit 110 can have a particular thickness. For example, the outer wall of the second portion 116 of the primary conduit 110 can have a thickness of at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or even at least about 1.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can have a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, such as about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or even about 1.6 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0041] According to yet other embodiments, the second portion 116 of the primary conduit 110 can have a particular maximum inner diameter. For example, the maximum inner diameter of the second portion 116 of the primary conduit 110 can be at least about 3.0 mm, such as at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 4.0 mm, or at least about 4.5 mm, or at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the maximum inner diameter of the second portion 116 of the primary conduit 110 is about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the maximum inner diameter of the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the maximum inner diameter of the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0042] According to yet other embodiments, the second portion 116 of the primary conduit 110 can have a particular minimum inner diameter. For example, the minimum inner diameter of the second portion 116 of the primary conduit 110 can be at least about 5.0 mm, such as at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the minimum inner diameter of the second portion 116 of the primary conduit 110 can be about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the minimum inner diameter of the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the minimum inner diameter of the second portion 116 of the primary piping 110 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0043] According to certain embodiments, the secondary piping 120 can include a particular material. According to other embodiments, the secondary piping 120 can include a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the secondary piping 120 can consist essentially of a polymeric material. According to other embodiments, the polymeric material of the secondary piping 120 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the secondary piping 120 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the secondary piping 120 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the secondary piping 120 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0044] According to yet other embodiments, the secondary piping 120 can include an outer wall. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the secondary piping 120 can have a particular thickness. For example, the outer wall of the secondary piping 120 can have a thickness of at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or even at least about 1.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the secondary piping 120 can have a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, such as about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or even about 1.6 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the secondary piping 120 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the secondary piping 120 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0045] According to yet other embodiments, the secondary conduit 120 can have a particular average inner diameter. For example, the average inner diameter of the secondary conduit 120 can be at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.25 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 5.75 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.25 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 6.75 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.25 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 7.75 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 13.0 mm, or at least about 14.0 mm, or at least about 15.0 mm, or at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 17.0 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 20.0 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 23.0 mm, or at least about 24.0 mm, or at least about 25.0 mm, or at least about 26.0 mm, or at least about 27.0 mm, or at least about 28.0 mm, or at least about 29.0 mm, or at least about 30.0 mm, or at least about 31.0 mm, or at least about 32.0 mm, or at least about 33.0 mm, or at least about 34.0 mm, or at least about 35.0 mm, or at least about 36.0 mm, or at least about 37.0 mm, or at least about 38.0 mm, or at least about can be at least about 8.25 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 8.75 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.25 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 9.75 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm.According to still other embodiments, the average inner diameter of the secondary piping 120 is about 29.5 or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.75 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less. or about 19.25 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.75 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.25 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.75 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.25 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.75 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.75 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.25 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.75 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.25 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the average inner diameter of the outer wall of the secondary piping 120 may range between any of the values ​​recited above. It will be further appreciated that the inner diameter of the outer wall of the secondary piping 120 may be any value between any of the values ​​recited above.

[0046] According to yet other embodiments, the secondary conduit 120 can have a particular average outer diameter. For example, the average outer diameter of the secondary conduit 120 can be at least about 10.5 mm, at least about 11.5 mm, at least about 12.0 mm, at least about 12.5 mm, at least about 13.0 mm, at least about 13.5 mm, at least about 14.0 mm, at least about 14.5 mm, at least about 15.0 mm, at least about 15.5 mm, at least about 16.0 mm, at least about 16.5 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm. It can be at least about 10 mm, such as at least about 17.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or even at least about 22.5 mm. According to still other embodiments, the average outer diameter of the secondary piping 120 can be about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or about 31.0 mm or less, or about 30.5 mm or less, or about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or can be about 35 mm or less, such as about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28.0 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or even about 23.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the average outer diameter of the outer wall of the secondary piping 120 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the outer diameter of the outer wall of the secondary piping 120 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0047] According to certain embodiments, the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can include a particular material. According to other embodiments, the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can include a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can consist essentially of a polymeric material. According to other embodiments, the polymeric material of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0048] According to yet another embodiment, the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can include an outer wall. According to yet another embodiment, the outer wall of the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can have a particular thickness. For example, the outer wall of the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can have a thickness of at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or even at least about 1.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can have a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, such as about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or even about 1.6 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0049] According to yet other embodiments, the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can have a particular maximum inner diameter. For example, the maximum inner diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can be at least about 10.5 mm, at least about 11.5 mm, at least about 12.0 mm, at least about 12.5 mm, at least about 13.0 mm, at least about 13.5 mm, at least about 14.0 mm, at least about 14.5 mm, at least about 15.0 mm, at least about 15.5 mm, at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm. or at least about 10 mm, such as at least about 17.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or even at least about 22.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the maximum inner diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 is about 39.5 mm or less, or about 39.0 mm or less, or about 38.5 mm or less, or about 38.0 mm or less, or about 37 mm or less, or about 36.5 mm or less, or about 36 mm or less, or about 35.5 mm or less, or about 35 mm or less, or about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or It can be about 40 mm or less, such as about 31.0 mm or less, or about 30.5 mm or less, or about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28.0 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less.It will be appreciated that the maximum inner diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 may range between any of the values ​​recited above. It will be further appreciated that the maximum inner diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 may be any value between any of the values ​​recited above.

[0050] According to yet other embodiments, the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can have a particular minimum inner diameter. For example, the minimum inner diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can be at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm, or at least about 13.0 mm, or at least about 13.5 mm, or at least about 14.0 mm, or at least about 14.5 mm, or at least about 15.0 mm, or at least about 15.5 mm, or at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm, Or it can be at least about 10 mm, such as at least about 17.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or even at least about 22.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the minimum inner diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 is about 39.5 mm or less, or about 39.0 mm or less, or about 38.5 mm or less, or about 38.0 mm or less, or about 37 mm or less, or about 36.5 mm or less, or about 36 mm or less, or about 35.5 mm or less, or about 35 mm or less, or about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or about 3 It can be about 40 mm or less, such as 1.0 mm or less, or about 30.5 mm or less, or about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28.0 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or even about 23.0 mm or less.It will be appreciated that the minimum inner diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 may range between any of the values ​​noted above. It will be further appreciated that the minimum inner diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 may be any value between any of the values ​​noted above.

[0051] According to yet another embodiment, the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can have a particular maximum outer diameter. For example, the maximum outer diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can be at least about 15.0 mm, such as at least about 15.5 mm, or at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm, or at least about 17.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or even at least about 22.5 mm. According to still other embodiments, the maximum outer diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 is about 39.5 mm or less, or about 39.0 mm or less, or about 38.5 mm or less, or about 38.0 mm or less, or about 37 mm or less, or about 36.5 mm or less, or about 36 mm or less, or about 35.5 mm or less, or about 35 mm or less, or about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or about 3 It may be about 40 mm or less, such as 1.0 mm or less, or about 30.5 mm or less, or about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28.0 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or even about 23.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the maximum outer diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the maximum outer diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0052] According to yet another embodiment, the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can have a particular minimum outer diameter. For example, the minimum outer diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary pipe 120 can be at least about 5.0 mm, such as at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the minimum outer diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 can be about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the minimum outer diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the minimum outer diameter of the flared end 122 of the secondary piping 120 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0053] According to certain embodiments, the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can include a particular material. According to still other embodiments, the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can include a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can consist essentially of a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0054] According to yet another embodiment, the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can have a particular average inner diameter. For example, the average inner diameter of the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 can be at least about 5.0 mm, such as at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or even at least about 12.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the average inner diameter of the flared joint portion 132 of the double containment body 130 is about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22. 0.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less, or about 13.5 mm or less, or about 13.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the average inner diameter of the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 may range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the average inner diameter of the flared joint portion 132 of the dual containment body 130 may be any value between any of the values ​​recited above.

[0055] According to certain embodiments, the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can include a particular material. According to other embodiments, the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can include a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can consist essentially of a polymeric material. According to other embodiments, the polymeric material of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0056] According to yet another embodiment, the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can include an outer wall. According to yet another embodiment, the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can have a particular thickness. For example, the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can have a thickness of at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or even at least about 1.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can have a thickness of about 5.0 mm or less, such as about 4.75 mm or less, or about 4.5 mm or less, or about 4.25 mm or less, or about 4.0 mm or less, or about 3.75 mm or less, or about 3.5 mm or less, or about 3.25 mm or less, or about 3.0 mm or less, or about 2.75 mm or less, or about 2.5 mm or less, or about 2.25 mm or less, or even about 2.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0057] According to yet other embodiments, the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can have a particular average inner diameter. For example, the average inner diameter of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can be at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or even at least about 1.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the average inner diameter of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 is about 19.75 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.25 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.75 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.25 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.75 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.25 mm or less. It may be about 20 mm or less, such as about 17.0 mm or less, about 16.75 mm or less, about 16.5 mm or less, about 16.0 mm or less, about 15.75 mm or less, about 15.5 mm or less, about 15.25 mm or less, about 15.0 mm or less, about 14.75 mm or less, about 14.5 mm or less, about 14.25 mm or less, or even about 14.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the average inner diameter of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 may be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the average inner diameter of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0058] According to yet other embodiments, the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can have a particular average outer diameter. For example, the average outer diameter of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can be at least about 15.0 mm, such as at least about 15.5 mm, or at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm, or at least about 17.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or even at least about 22.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the average outer diameter of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 is about 39.5 mm or less, or about 39.0 mm or less, or about 38.5 mm or less, or about 38.0 mm or less, or about 37 mm or less, or about 36.5 mm or less, or about 36 mm or less, or about 35.5 mm or less, or about 35 mm or less, or about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or about 40 mm or less, such as about 31.0 mm or less, about 30.5 mm or less, about 30.0 mm or less, about 29.5 mm or less, about 29.0 mm or less, about 28.5 mm or less, about 28.0 mm or less, about 27.5 mm or less, about 27.0 mm or less, about 26.5 mm or less, about 26.0 mm or less, about 25.5 mm or less, about 25.0 mm or less, about 24.5 mm or less, about 24.0 mm or less, about 23.5 mm or less, or even about 23.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the average outer diameter of the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 may range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the outer diameter of the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 may be any value between any of the values ​​recited above.

[0059] According to yet another embodiment, an outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can include a certain number of leak passage holes 135. For example, the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130 can have at least one leak passage hole, such as at least two leak passage holes, or at least three leak passage holes, or at least four leak passage holes, or at least five leak passage holes, or even at least six leak passage holes.

[0060] According to yet another embodiment, each of the leak passage holes 135 can be equally spaced around an outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130. According to yet another embodiment, each of the leak passage holes 135 can pass through an outer wall of the primary containment nut portion 134 of the dual containment body 130.

[0061] According to yet another embodiment, each of the leak passage holes 135 can be configured for unidirectional fluid flow. According to yet another embodiment, each of the leak passage holes 135 can be configured to allow flow from the third leakage containment space 144 to the second leakage containment space 142.

[0062] According to yet another embodiment, any of the leak passage holes 135 can have a particular inner diameter. For example, the inner diameter of the leak passage hole 135 can be at least about 0.5 mm, such as at least about 0.6 mm, or at least about 0.7 mm, or at least about 0.8 mm, or at least about 0.9 mm, or at least about 1.0 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or even at least about 1.2 mm. According to yet another embodiment, the inner diameter of the leak passage hole 135 can be about 2.0 mm or less, such as about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or about 1.6 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the inner diameter of any of the leak passage holes 135 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the inside diameter of any of the leak passage holes 135 may be any value between any of the values ​​recited above.

[0063] According to certain embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can include a particular material. According to other embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can include a polymeric material. According to still other embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can consist essentially of a polymeric material. According to other embodiments, the polymeric material of the secondary containment nut 150 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the polymeric material of the secondary containment nut 150 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can include perfluoroalkoxy (PFA). According to still other embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can consist essentially of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0064] According to yet other embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can include an outer wall. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the secondary containment nut 150 can have a particular thickness. For example, the outer wall of the secondary containment nut 150 can be at least about 3.25 mm, or at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 3.75 mm, or at least about 4.0 mm, or at least about 4.25 mm, or at least about 4.50 mm, or at least about 4.75 mm, or at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.25 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 5.75 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.25 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm. It can have a thickness of at least about 3.0 mm, such as at least about 6.75 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.25 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 7.75 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.25 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 8.75 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.25 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 9.75 mm, or even at least about 10.0 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the outer wall of the secondary containment nut 150 can be about 19.75 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.25 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.75 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.25 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.75 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.25 mm or less, or about 17. 25 mm or less, or about 14.75 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.25 mm or less, or even about 14.0 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the outer wall of the secondary containment nut 150 may range between any of the above values.It will be further appreciated that the outer wall thickness of the secondary containment nut 150 may be any value between any of the above values.

[0065] According to yet other embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can have a particular inner diameter. For example, the inner diameter of the secondary containment nut 150 can be at least about 20.0 mm, such as at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 23.0 mm, or at least about 24.0 mm, or at least about 25.0 mm, or at least about 26.0 mm, or at least about 27.0 mm, or at least about 28.0 mm, or at least about 29.0 mm, or even at least about 30.0 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the inner diameter of the secondary containment nut 150 can be about 50 mm or less, such as about 49 mm or less, or about 48 mm or less, or about 47 mm or less, or about 46 mm or less, or about 45 mm or less, or about 44 mm or less, or about 43 mm or less, or about 42 mm or less, or about 41 mm or less, or even about 40 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the inner diameter of the secondary containment nut 150 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the inner diameter of the secondary containment nut 150 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0066] According to yet other embodiments, the secondary containment nut 150 can have a particular outer diameter. For example, the outer diameter of the secondary containment nut 150 can be at least about 20.0 mm, such as at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 23.0 mm, or at least about 24.0 mm, or at least about 25.0 mm, or at least about 26.0 mm, or at least about 27.0 mm, or at least about 28.0 mm, or at least about 29.0 mm, or even at least about 30.0 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the outer diameter of the secondary containment nut 150 can be about 60 mm or less, such as about 59 mm or less, about 58 mm or less, about 57 mm or less, about 56 mm or less, about 55 mm or less, about 54 mm or less, about 53 mm or less, about 52 mm or less, about 51 mm or less, about 50 mm or less, about 49 mm or less, about 48 mm or less, about 47 mm or less, about 46 mm or less, about 45 mm or less, about 44 mm or less, about 43 mm or less, about 42 mm or less, about 41 mm or less, or even about 40 mm or less. It will be appreciated that the outer diameter of the secondary containment nut 150 can be within a range between any of the above values. It will be further appreciated that the outer diameter of the secondary containment nut 150 can be any value between any of the above values.

[0067] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of these aspects and embodiments are described herein. After reading this specification, a person skilled in the art will understand that these aspects and embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention. The embodiments may be associated with any one or more of the following listed embodiments:

[0068] Example 1. A double containment fitting, comprising: a primary pipe having a flared end; a secondary pipe having a flared end, the secondary pipe surrounding and concentric with a first portion of the primary pipe, such that a first leakage containment space is formed between the primary pipe and the secondary pipe; and a double containment body, the secondary pipe having a flared fitting portion, a primary containment nut portion, and a bore through the double containment body, the flared fitting portion surrounding and concentric with a second portion of the primary pipe, such that a first leakage containment space is formed between the primary pipe and the secondary pipe. a dual containment body, wherein a second leakage containment space is formed, the flare fitting portion is press-fittedly engaged with the flared end of the secondary piping to connect the first leakage containment space with the second leakage containment space, the primary containment nut portion surrounds and is concentric with the flared end of the primary piping, and a third leakage containment space is formed between the primary piping and the primary containment nut portion, the primary containment nut portion including at least one leakage passage hole connecting the third leakage containment space with the second leakage containment space.

[0069] Example 2. A dual containment fitting, comprising: a primary pipe having a flared end; a secondary pipe having a flared end, the secondary pipe surrounding and being concentric with a first portion of the primary pipe, a first leak containment space being formed between the primary pipe and the secondary pipe; a dual containment body, the dual containment body having a flared fitting portion, a primary containment nut portion, and a bore through the dual containment body, the flared fitting portion surrounding and being concentric with a second portion of the primary pipe, a second leak containment space being formed between the primary pipe and the flared fitting portion, the flared fitting portion press-fittingly engaging the flared end of the secondary pipe to connect the first leak containment space with the second leak containment space, and the dual containment body having a flared fitting portion press-fittingly engaging the flared end of the secondary pipe to connect the first leak containment space with the second leak containment space. a dual containment body, the nut portion surrounding and concentric with a flared end of the primary piping, a third leakage containment space being formed between the primary piping and the primary containment nut portion, the primary containment nut portion having at least one leakage passage hole connecting the third leakage containment space with the second leakage containment space; and a valve assembly annular fitting body, the valve assembly annular fitting body having a first end, a second end, and a bore therethrough, the first end of the annular fitting body being threadably engaged with the primary containment nut portion of the dual containment body such that the flared end of the primary piping is press-fitted into the first end of the annular fitting body.

[0070] Example 3. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary piping comprises a polymeric material.

[0071] Example 4. A dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly as described in Example 3, comprising perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0072] Example 5. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of at least about 1 mm, or at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or at least about 1.5 mm.

[0073] Example 6. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, or about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or about 1.6 mm or less.

[0074] Example 7. The primary tubing is at least about 3.0 mm, or at least about 3.25 mm, or at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 3.75 mm, or at least about 4.0 mm, or at least about 4.25 mm, or at least about 4.50 mm, or at least about 4.75 mm, or at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.25 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 5.75 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.25 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 6.75 3. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an average inner diameter of at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.25 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 7.75 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.25 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 8.75 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.25 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 9.75 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm.

[0075] Example 8. The primary piping is about 20 mm or less, or about 19.75 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.25 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.75 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.25 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.75 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.25 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.7 The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an average inner diameter of 5 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.75 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.25 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.75 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.25 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less.

[0076] Example 9. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary piping comprises an average outer diameter of at least about 5 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm.

[0077] Example 10. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary piping comprises an average outer diameter of about 20 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less, or about 13.5 mm or less, or about 13 mm or less.

[0078] Example 11. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the flared end of the primary piping comprises a polymeric material.

[0079] Example 12. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly as described in example 11, wherein the polymeric material comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0080] Example 13. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the flared end of the primary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of at least about 1 mm, or at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or at least about 1.5 mm.

[0081] Example 14. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the overhanging end of the primary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, or about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or about 1.6 mm or less.

[0082] Example 15. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the flared end of the primary piping comprises a maximum inner diameter of at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm.

[0083] Example 16. The protruding end of the primary piping is about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising a maximum inner diameter of about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less, or about 13.5 mm or less, or about 13.0 mm or less.

[0084] Example 17. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the flared end of the primary piping comprises a minimum inner diameter of at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm.

[0085] Example 18. The protruding end of the primary pipe is about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising a minimum inner diameter of about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less, or about 13.5 mm or less, or about 13.0 mm or less.

[0086] Example 19. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the flared end of the primary piping comprises a maximum outer diameter of at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm.

[0087] Example 20. The protruding end of the primary piping is about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising a maximum outer diameter of about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less, or about 13.5 mm or less, or about 13.0 mm or less.

[0088] Example 21. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the first portion of the primary piping comprises a polymeric material.

[0089] Example 22. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly as described in example 21, wherein the polymeric material comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0090] Example 23. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the first portion of the primary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of at least about 1 mm, or at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or at least about 1.5 mm.

[0091] Example 24. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the first portion of the primary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, or about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or about 1.6 mm or less.

[0092] Example 25. A first section of a primary tubing has a thickness of at least about 3.0 mm, or at least about 3.25 mm, or at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 3.75 mm, or at least about 4.0 mm, or at least about 4.25 mm, or at least about 4.50 mm, or at least about 4.75 mm, or at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.25 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 5.75 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.25 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an inner diameter of 6.75 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.25 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 7.75 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.25 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 8.75 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.25 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 9.75 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm.

[0093] Example 26. A first section of the primary tubing is about 20 mm or less, or about 19.75 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.25 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.75 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.25 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.75 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.25 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an inner diameter of 16.75 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.75 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.25 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.75 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.25 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less.

[0094] Example 27. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the first portion of the primary piping comprises an outer diameter of at least about 5 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm.

[0095] Example 28. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the first portion of the primary piping comprises an outer diameter of about 20 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less, or about 13.5 mm or less, or about 13 mm or less.

[0096] Example 29. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the second portion of the primary piping comprises a polymeric material.

[0097] Example 30. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly as described in example 29, wherein the polymeric material comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0098] Example 31. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the second portion of the primary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of at least about 1 mm, or at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or at least about 1.5 mm.

[0099] Example 32. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the second portion of the primary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, or about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or about 1.6 mm or less.

[0100] Example 33. A second section of the primary tubing has a thickness of at least about 3.0 mm, or at least about 3.25 mm, or at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 3.75 mm, or at least about 4.0 mm, or at least about 4.25 mm, or at least about 4.50 mm, or at least about 4.75 mm, or at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.25 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 5.75 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.25 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an inner diameter of 6.75 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.25 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 7.75 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.25 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 8.75 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.25 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 9.75 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm.

[0101] Example 34. A second section of the primary tubing is about 20 mm or less, or about 19.75 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.25 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.75 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.25 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.75 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.25 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an inner diameter of 16.75 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.75 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.25 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.75 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.25 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less.

[0102] Example 35. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the second portion of the primary piping comprises an outer diameter of at least about 5 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm.

[0103] Example 36. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the second portion of the primary piping comprises an outer diameter of about 20 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less, or about 13.5 mm or less, or about 13 mm or less.

[0104] Example 37. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the secondary piping comprises a polymeric material.

[0105] Example 38. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in example 37, wherein the polymeric material comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0106] Example 39. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the secondary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of at least about 1 mm, or at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or at least about 1.5 mm.

[0107] Example 40. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, or about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or about 1.6 mm or less.

[0108] Example 41. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the secondary piping comprises an average inner diameter of at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm.

[0109] Example 42. The secondary piping is about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less, or The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an average inner diameter of about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less, or about 13.5 mm or less, or about 13.0 mm or less.

[0110] Example 43. The secondary piping is at least about 10 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm, or at least about 13.0 mm, or at least about 13.5 mm, or at least about 14.0 mm, or at least about 14.5 mm, or at least about 15.0 mm, or at least about 15.5 mm, or at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm, or at least about 17. 10.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 22.5 mm.

[0111] Example 44. The secondary piping is about 35 mm or less, or about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or about 31.0 mm or less, or about 30.5 mm or less, or about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or , or about 28.0 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less.

[0112] Example 45. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the flared end of the secondary piping comprises a polymeric material.

[0113] Example 46. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in example 45, wherein the polymeric material comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0114] Example 47. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the overhanging end of the secondary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of at least about 1 mm, or at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or at least about 1.5 mm.

[0115] Example 48. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the overhanging end of the secondary piping has an outer wall having a thickness of about 2.0 mm or less, or about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or about 1.6 mm or less.

[0116] Example 49. The flared end of the secondary piping is at least about 10 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm, or at least about 13.0 mm, or at least about 13.5 mm, or at least about 14.0 mm, or at least about 14.5 mm, or at least about 15.0 mm, or at least about 15.5 mm, or at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm, or at least about The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising a maximum inner diameter of 17.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 22.5 mm.

[0117] Example 50. The flared end of the secondary piping is about 40 mm or less, or about 39.5 mm or less, or about 39.0 mm or less, or about 38.5 mm or less, or about 38.0 mm or less, or about 37 mm or less, or about 36.5 mm or less, or about 36 mm or less, or about 35.5 mm or less, or about 35 mm or less, or about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or about 31.0 mm or less, or about 30.5 3. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising a maximum inner diameter of about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28.0 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less.

[0118] Example 51. The flared end of the secondary piping is at least about 10 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm, or at least about 13.0 mm, or at least about 13.5 mm, or at least about 14.0 mm, or at least about 14.5 mm, or at least about 15.0 mm, or at least about 15.5 mm, or at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm, or at least about The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising a minimum inner diameter of 17.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 22.5 mm.

[0119] Example 52. The overhanging end of the secondary piping is about 40 mm or less, or about 39.5 mm or less, or about 39.0 mm or less, or about 38.5 mm or less, or about 38.0 mm or less, or about 37 mm or less, or about 36.5 mm or less, or about 36 mm or less, or about 35.5 mm or less, or about 35 mm or less, or about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or about 31.0 mm or less, or about 30.5 3. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising a minimum inner diameter of about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28.0 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less.

[0120] Example 53. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the flared end of the secondary piping comprises a maximum outer diameter of at least about 15.0 mm, or at least about 15.5 mm, or at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm, or at least about 17.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 22.5 mm.

[0121] Example 54. The overhanging end of the secondary piping is about 40 mm or less, or about 39.5 mm or less, or about 39.0 mm or less, or about 38.5 mm or less, or about 38.0 mm or less, or about 37 mm or less, or about 36.5 mm or less, or about 36 mm or less, or about 35.5 mm or less, or about 35 mm or less, or about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or about 31.0 mm or less, or about 30.5 3. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising a maximum outer diameter of about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28.0 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less.

[0122] Example 55. A double containment joint or a double containment joint assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the flared joint portion of the double containment body comprises a polymeric material.

[0123] Example 56. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly as described in example 55, wherein the polymeric material comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0124] Example 57. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the overhanging fitting portion of the double containment body comprises an average inner diameter of at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm, or at least about 10.5 mm, or at least about 11.0 mm, or at least about 11.5 mm, or at least about 12.0 mm, or at least about 12.5 mm.

[0125] Example 58. The overhang joint portion of the double containment body is about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less, or about 22.5 mm or less, or about 22.0 mm or less, or about 21.5 mm or less, or about 21.0 mm or less. 3. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an average inner diameter of about 20.5 mm or less, or about 20.0 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less, or about 13.5 mm or less, or about 13.0 mm or less.

[0126] Example 59. A double containment fitting or a double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion comprises a polymeric material.

[0127] Example 60. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly as described in example 59, wherein the polymeric material comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

[0128] Example 61. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion has an outer wall having a thickness of at least about 1 mm, or at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or at least about 1.5 mm.

[0129] Example 62. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion has an outer wall having a thickness of about 5.0 mm or less, or about 4.75 mm or less, or about 4.5 mm or less, or about 4.25 mm or less, or about 4.0 mm or less, or about 3.75 mm or less, or about 3.5 mm or less, or about 3.25 mm or less, or about 3.0 mm or less, or about 2.75 mm or less, or about 2.5 mm or less, or about 2.25 mm or less, or about 2.0 mm or less.

[0130] Example 63. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion comprises an average inner diameter of at least about 1 mm, or at least about 1.05 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.15 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm, or at least about 1.25 mm, or at least about 1.3 mm, or at least about 1.35 mm, or at least about 1.4 mm, or at least about 1.45 mm, or at least about 1.5 mm.

[0131] Example 64. The primary containment nut portion is about 20 mm or less, or about 19.75 mm or less, or about 19.5 mm or less, or about 19.25 mm or less, or about 19.0 mm or less, or about 18.75 mm or less, or about 18.5 mm or less, or about 18.25 mm or less, or about 18.0 mm or less, or about 17.75 mm or less, or about 17.5 mm or less, or about 17.25 mm or less, or about 17.0 mm or less, or about The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an average inner diameter of 16.75 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.75 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.25 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.75 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.25 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less.

[0132] Example 65. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion comprises an average outer diameter of at least about 15.0 mm, or at least about 15.5 mm, or at least about 16.0 mm, or at least about 16.5 mm, or at least about 17.0 mm, or at least about 17.5 mm, or at least about 18.0 mm, or at least about 18.5 mm, or at least about 19.0 mm, or at least about 19.5 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 20.5 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 21.5 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 22.5 mm.

[0133] Example 66. The primary containment nut portion is about 40 mm or less, or about 39.5 mm or less, or about 39.0 mm or less, or about 38.5 mm or less, or about 38.0 mm or less, or about 37 mm or less, or about 36.5 mm or less, or about 36 mm or less, or about 35.5 mm or less, or about 35 mm or less, or about 34.5 mm or less, or about 34.0 mm or less, or about 33.5 mm or less, or about 33.0 mm or less, or about 32.5 mm or less, or about 32.0 mm or less, or about 31.5 mm or less, or about 31.0 mm or less, or about 30.5 3. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of any one of Examples 1 and 2, comprising an average outer diameter of about 30.0 mm or less, or about 29.5 mm or less, or about 29.0 mm or less, or about 28.5 mm or less, or about 28.0 mm or less, or about 27.5 mm or less, or about 27.0 mm or less, or about 26.5 mm or less, or about 26.0 mm or less, or about 25.5 mm or less, or about 25.0 mm or less, or about 24.5 mm or less, or about 24.0 mm or less, or about 23.5 mm or less, or about 23.0 mm or less.

[0134] Example 67. A double containment fitting or a double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion has an outer wall and at least one leak passage hole is disposed within the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion.

[0135] Example 68. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in Example 67, wherein the primary containment nut portion has at least two leak passage holes, at least three leak passage holes, at least four leak passage holes, at least five leak passage holes, or at least six leak passage holes disposed within an outer wall of the primary containment nut portion.

[0136] Example 69. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in example 68, wherein each of the leak passage holes are equally spaced around the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion.

[0137] Example 70. A dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly as described in example 68, wherein each of the leak passage holes is configured for unidirectional fluid flow.

[0138] Example 71. A dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly as described in Example 70, wherein each of the leak passage holes is configured to allow flow from the third leak containment space to the second leak containment space.

[0139] Example 72. A double containment fitting or a double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion has an outer wall and at least one leak passage hole passes through the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion.

[0140] Example 73. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1, 2, 67, and 72, wherein at least one leak passage hole comprises an inner diameter of at least about 0.5 mm, or at least about 0.6 mm, or at least about 0.7 mm, or at least about 0.8 mm, or at least about 0.9 mm, or at least about 1.0 mm, or at least about 1.1 mm, or at least about 1.2 mm.

[0141] Example 74. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1, 2, 67, and 72, wherein at least one leak passage hole includes an inner diameter of about 2.0 mm or less, or about 1.95 mm or less, or about 1.9 mm or less, or about 1.85 mm or less, or about 1.8 mm or less, or about 1.75 mm or less, or about 1.7 mm or less, or about 1.65 mm or less, or about 1.6 mm or less.

[0142] Example 75. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly described in any one of Examples 1 and 2, wherein the double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly further comprises a secondary containment nut.

[0143] Example 76. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in example 75, wherein the secondary containment nut surrounds and is concentric with the flared end of the secondary piping.

[0144] Example 77. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of example 76, wherein the secondary containment nut is threadably engaged with the flared fitting portion of the double containment body.

[0145] Example 78. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in example 76, wherein the secondary containment nut is configured to press-fit the flared end of the secondary piping into engagement with the flared fitting portion of the double containment body.

[0146] Example 79. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of example 76, wherein the secondary containment nut comprises a polymeric material.

[0147] Example 80. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of example 79, wherein the polymeric material comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

[0148] Example 81. The secondary containment nut is at least about 3.0 mm, or at least about 3.25 mm, or at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 3.75 mm, or at least about 4.0 mm, or at least about 4.25 mm, or at least about 4.50 mm, or at least about 4.75 mm, or at least about 5.0 mm, or at least about 5.25 mm, or at least about 5.5 mm, or at least about 5.75 mm, or at least about 6.0 mm, or at least about 6.25 mm, or at least about 6.5 mm, or at least The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of Example 76, having an outer wall having a thickness of about 6.75 mm, or at least about 7.0 mm, or at least about 7.25 mm, or at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 7.75 mm, or at least about 8.0 mm, or at least about 8.25 mm, or at least about 8.5 mm, or at least about 8.75 mm, or at least about 9.0 mm, or at least about 9.25 mm, or at least about 9.5 mm, or at least about 9.75 mm, or at least about 10.0 mm.

[0149] Example 82. The secondary containment nut is about 20mm or less, or about 19.75mm or less, or about 19.5mm or less, or about 19.25mm or less, or about 19.0mm or less, or about 18.75mm or less, or about 18.5mm or less, or about 18.25mm or less, or about 18.0mm or less, or about 17.75mm or less, or about 17.5mm or less, or about 17.25mm or less, or about 17.0mm or less, or The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of Example 76, having an outer wall having a thickness of about 16.75 mm or less, or about 16.5 mm or less, or about 16.0 mm or less, or about 15.75 mm or less, or about 15.5 mm or less, or about 15.25 mm or less, or about 15.0 mm or less, or about 14.75 mm or less, or about 14.5 mm or less, or about 14.25 mm or less, or about 14.0 mm or less.

[0150] Example 83. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in Example 76, wherein the secondary containment nut comprises an average inner diameter of at least about 20.0 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 23.0 mm, or at least about 24.0 mm, or at least about 25.0 mm, or at least about 26.0 mm, or at least about 27.0 mm, or at least about 28.0 mm, or at least about 29.0 mm, or at least about 30.0 mm.

[0151] Example 84. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in Example 76, wherein the secondary containment nut portion comprises an average inner diameter of about 50 mm or less, or about 49 mm or less, or about 48 mm or less, or about 47 mm or less, or about 46 mm or less, or about 45 mm or less, or about 44 mm or less, or about 43 mm or less, or about 42 mm or less, or about 41 mm or less, or about 40 mm or less.

[0152] Example 85. A double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly as described in Example 76, wherein the secondary containment nut portion comprises an average outer diameter of at least about 20.0 mm, or at least about 21.0 mm, or at least about 22.0 mm, or at least about 23.0 mm, or at least about 24.0 mm, or at least about 25.0 mm, or at least about 26.0 mm, or at least about 27.0 mm, or at least about 28.0 mm, or at least about 29.0 mm, or at least about 30.0 mm.

[0153] Example 86. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of Example 76, wherein the secondary containment nut comprises an average outer diameter of about 60 mm or less, or about 59 mm or less, or about 58 mm or less, or about 57 mm or less, or about 56 mm or less, or about 55 mm or less, or about 54 mm or less, or about 53 mm or less, or about 52 mm or less, or about 51 mm or less, or about 50 mm or less, or about 49 mm or less, or about 48 mm or less, or about 47 mm or less, or about 46 mm or less, or about 45 mm or less, or about 44 mm or less, or about 43 mm or less, or about 42 mm or less, or about 41 mm or less, or about 40 mm or less.

[0154] It should be noted that not all activities described above in the general description or examples are required, that some of the specific activities may not be required, and that one or more additional activities may be performed in addition to those described. Furthermore, the order in which the activities are listed is not necessarily the order in which they are performed.

[0155] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any features that may give rise to or make more pronounced any benefit, advantage, or solution should not be construed as critical, required, or essential features of any or all of the claims.

[0156] The specification and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The specification and illustrations are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all elements and features of apparatus and systems that use the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment for brevity may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Furthermore, references to values ​​described within ranges include every value within that range. Many other embodiments may be discerned by those skilled in the art only after reading this specification. Other embodiments may be used and derived from the present disclosure, such that structural substitutions, logical substitutions, or other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is therefore to be considered in an illustrative sense, and not in a limiting sense.

Claims

1. A double containment joint, comprising: a primary pipe having a flared end; a secondary pipe having a flared end, the secondary pipe surrounding a first portion of the primary pipe and being concentric with the first portion of the primary pipe, forming a first leakage containment space between the primary pipe and the secondary pipe; a secondary containment nut surrounding the flared end of the secondary piping; a dual containment body, the dual containment body including a flare joint portion, a primary containment nut portion, and a bore extending through the dual containment body; the flare joint portion surrounds a second portion of the primary piping and is concentric with the second portion of the primary piping, forming a second leakage containment space between the primary piping and the flare joint portion; the flare joint portion is in press-fit engagement with the flared end of the secondary piping to connect the first leakage containment space with the second leakage containment space; the primary containment nut portion surrounds the flared end of the primary pipe and is concentric with the flared end of the primary pipe, forming a third leakage containment space between the primary pipe and the primary containment nut portion; the primary containment nut portion includes at least one leak passage hole connecting the third leak containment space with the second leak containment space; the flared fitting portion is in press fit engagement with the flared end of the secondary pipe such that the flared fitting portion contacts an inside of the flared end of the secondary pipe; a portion of the flare joint portion in contact with an inside of the flared end of the secondary piping is flat in a cross section along an axial direction of the double containment body; the flare joint portion having a dual containment body in contact with the secondary containment nut; A double containment joint comprising:

2. 1. A double containment joint assembly, comprising: a primary pipe having a flared end; a secondary pipe having a flared end, the secondary pipe surrounding a first portion of the primary pipe and being concentric with the first portion of the primary pipe, forming a first leakage containment space between the primary pipe and the secondary pipe; a secondary containment nut surrounding the flared end of the secondary piping; a dual containment body, the dual containment body including a flare joint portion, a primary containment nut portion, and a bore extending through the dual containment body; the flare joint portion surrounds a second portion of the primary piping and is concentric with the second portion of the primary piping, forming a second leakage containment space between the primary piping and the flare joint portion; the flare joint portion is in press-fit engagement with the flared end of the secondary piping to connect the first leakage containment space with the second leakage containment space; the primary containment nut portion surrounds the flared end of the primary pipe and is concentric with the flared end of the primary pipe, forming a third leakage containment space between the primary pipe and the primary containment nut portion; a dual containment body, the primary containment nut portion including at least one leak passage hole connecting the third leak containment space with the second leak containment space; a valve assembly annular coupling body having a first end, a second end, and a bore extending therethrough; a valve assembly annular fitting body, the first end of the valve assembly annular fitting body being threadably engaged with the primary containment nut portion of the dual containment body such that the flared end of the primary piping is press-fitted into the first end of the valve assembly annular fitting body; Equipped with the flared fitting portion is in press fit engagement with the flared end of the secondary pipe such that the flared fitting portion contacts an inside of the flared end of the secondary pipe; a portion of the flare joint portion in contact with an inside of the flared end of the secondary piping is flat in a cross section along an axial direction of the double containment body; The flared fitting portion contacts the secondary containment nut, forming a dual containment fitting assembly.

3. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary piping, the secondary piping or the dual containment body comprises a polymeric material.

4. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 3 , wherein the primary piping, the secondary piping or the dual containment body comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

5. 4. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 3, wherein the primary piping, the secondary piping and the dual containment body comprise perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

6. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion comprises a polymeric material.

7. The dual containment joint or dual containment joint assembly of claim 6 , wherein the polymeric material comprises perfluoroalkoxy (PFA).

8. 3. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion comprises an outer wall having a thickness of at least 1 mm and no greater than 5.0 mm.

9. 3. The double containment fitting or double containment fitting assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion comprises an outer wall, and the at least one leak passage hole is disposed within the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion.

10. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 9 , wherein the primary containment nut portion comprises at least two leak passage holes disposed within the outer wall of the primary containment nut.

11. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 10 , wherein each of the leak passage holes is equally spaced around the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion.

12. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 10 , wherein each of the leak passage holes is configured to allow fluid to flow in one direction.

13. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 12 , wherein each of the leak passage holes is configured to allow flow from the third leak containment space to the second leak containment space.

14. 3. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary containment nut portion comprises an outer wall, and the at least one leak passage hole passes through the outer wall of the primary containment nut portion.

15. 3. The dual containment fitting or dual containment fitting assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one leak passage hole comprises an inner diameter of at least 0.5 mm and no more than 2.0 mm.

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