Operating system for a switch and method for operating a switch

Abstract

An operating system 3 for a switch 17, comprising: a running shaft 16 connecting the operating system 3 to a switch 17; an electric motor 12 for operating the running shaft 16; a feedback system 4 configured to determine at least one value related to the position of the running shaft 16 and generate a feedback signal based on the at least one value; and a control device 2 configured to affect the operation of the electric motor 12 in response to the feedback signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an operating system for a switch and a method for operating a switch.

Background Art

[0002] In a substation, there are a number of switches for different purposes and with different requirements. To operate each of these switches, these switches must be operated by an operating system. These switches are, in particular, load tap changers, load transfer switches, selectors, double-pole switches, polarity switches, pre-selectors, circuit breakers, load transfer switches or disconnecting switches.

[0003] Accordingly, a load tap changer is used, for example, to switch between a plurality of different winding taps of electrical equipment such as, for example, a power transformer or an adjustable choke coil without interruption. Thereby, for example, the transformation ratio of the transformer or the inductance of the choke coil can be changed. A double-pole switch is used to reverse the polarity of the winding taps during operation of the power transformer.

[0004] All of these switches are high-quality safety devices for electrical equipment. The switching is performed during operation of the equipment and is therefore connected to the power grid. In extreme cases, a failure during such operation can cause technically and economically serious consequences.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved concept for operating a switch that improves the reliability of operation.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating at least one switch, which provides an improved concept for operating the switch. The versatility of the operation and the reliability during the switching are improved by the concept.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0007] This problem is solved by an operating system for at least one switch, which includes the features described in claim 1.

[0008] This another problem is solved by a direction for operating at least one switch, which includes the features described in claim 10.

[0009] The improved concept is based on the idea of equipping the operating shaft for operating the switch with a feedback system. The feedback system can detect at least one value regarding the position of the operating shaft. The operation of the electric motor is controlled according to the feedback signal generated according to the value.

[0010] According to the improved concept, an operating system for a switch is provided. This operating system has an operating shaft for connecting this operating system to the switch, an electric motor for operating this operating shaft, and a feedback system. This feedback system is configured to identify at least one value regarding the position of the operating shaft and generate a feedback signal based on the at least one value. Further, the operating system has a control device configured to act on the operation of the electric motor according to the feedback signal.

[0011] According to at least one embodiment, the switch can be configured as a load tap changer or a switching switch or a selector or a bipolar switch or a polarity switch or a preselector or a circuit breaker or a load switching switch or a disconnector.

[0012] The concept of "value related to the position of the operating shaft" also includes the value of a measurement variable whose position of the operating shaft can be uniquely determined within an allowable range in some cases.

[0013] By specifying at least one value related to the position of the operating shaft, the control device can improve the reliability of the position measurement and reduce the corresponding residual risk of the position measurement including errors.

[0014] According to at least one embodiment, the operating system is used to operate a switch, such as the shaft of a on-load tap-changer or the corresponding component of the on-load tap-changer. Thereby, the on-load tap-changer performs, for example, one or more operations, such as load switching, selector operation, preselector operation, or switching between two winding taps of a device or switching member such as a double-pole switch, for example, executes the switching.

[0015] According to at least one embodiment, the operating shaft is directly or indirectly connected to a switch, particularly to the shaft of the switch, especially via one or more gear devices.

[0016] According to at least one embodiment, the operating shaft is directly or indirectly connected to a switching switch, a selector, a double-pole switch, a polarity switch, a circuit breaker, a load switching switch or a disconnector, particularly to the shaft of the switching switch, the shaft of the selector, the shaft of the double-pole switch, the shaft of the polarity switch, the shaft of the circuit breaker, the shaft of the load switching switch or the shaft of the disconnector, especially via one or more gear devices.

[0017] According to at least one embodiment, the operating shaft is directly or indirectly connected to an electric motor, particularly to the motor shaft of the electric motor, especially via one or more gear devices.

[0018] According to at least one embodiment, the position of the motor shaft, particularly the absolute position, corresponds to the position of the operating shaft, particularly the absolute position. That is, the position of the operating shaft can be uniquely inferred from the position of the motor shaft within an allowable range in some cases.

[0019] According to at least one embodiment, the operation includes controlling, adjusting, braking, accelerating, or stopping the electric motor. The control may include, for example, position control, speed control, acceleration control, or rotational torque control. In at least such a control case, the operating system may be called a servo drive system.

[0020] According to at least one embodiment, the operating system includes a monitoring device configured to monitor one or more operations of a switch, a load tap changer, a changeover switch, a selector, a bipolar switch, a polarity switch, a preselector, a circuit breaker, a load changeover switch, or a disconnector according to a feedback signal. The monitoring particularly includes monitoring whether individual operations or a part of these operations are appropriately performed, particularly within a predetermined time frame.

[0021] According to at least one embodiment, the control device includes a control unit, and a control unit and a power supply unit for controlling or adjusting the energy supply of the electric motor. The control unit is configured to control the power supply unit according to at least one target value, particularly a target value of position, a target value of speed, or a target value of acceleration.

[0022] According to at least one embodiment, the power supply unit is configured as an inverter or a servo inverter, or as an equivalent electronic device, particularly a completely electronic device for a working machine.

[0023] According to different embodiments, the control device includes the whole or a part of a feedback system.

[0024] According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system is configured to calculate a first value regarding the position of the operating axis according to a first method.

[0025] According to at least one embodiment, the value regarding the position of the operating axis is a value regarding the absolute position of the operating axis.

[0026] According to at least one embodiment, the value related to the position of the operating axis is an incremental value related to the position of the operating axis or a value related to the relative position of the operating axis.

[0027] According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system is configured to calculate the position of the rotor of the electric motor and identify a value related to the position of the operating axis according to the position of the rotor.

[0028] According to at least one embodiment, the position of the rotor is an angular range related to the total number of rotations of the rotor of the electric motor, in some cases where the rotor exists.

[0029] Therefore, according to the structure of the rotor, especially the number of pole pairs, the position or absolute position of the electric motor axis can be accurately identified up to at least 180° by, for example, the control device. By using one or more gear devices for speed reduction, the accuracy achievable for the position of the operating axis by this speed reduction is clearly higher. Here, the evaluation by the control device corresponds to the function of a so-called virtual encoder. This combination is also called a virtual rotary encoder.

[0030] According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system includes an encoder that is an absolute value encoder, and this encoder is configured to and arranged to detect the absolute position of the operating axis or the absolute position of another axis connected to this operating axis, and generate at least one output signal based on the detected position. The feedback system is configured to calculate a value related to the position of the operating axis regarding the absolute position based on the at least one output signal.

[0031] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder is directly or indirectly fixed to the electric motor axis, the operating axis, or an axis coupled to this operating axis.

[0032] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder has a first output part for outputting a first value regarding the absolute position.

[0033] The term "encoder" includes both a device that calculates two values for one position in different ways and a device that includes two independent encoders, with at least one of these encoders being an absolute value encoder.

[0034] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder includes an absolute value encoder or a multi-turn rotary encoder or a single-turn rotary encoder.

[0035] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder is configured to detect the position of the operating axis or the position of another axis based on a first scanning method.

[0036] According to at least one embodiment, the scanning method includes an optical, magnetic, capacitance, resistive, or electromagnetic induction scanning method.

[0037] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder is fitted and coupled to the operating axis, the motor axis, or another axis.

[0038] According to at least one embodiment, further, the encoder is press-fitted or fixedly coupled to the operating axis, the motor axis, or another axis, for example, by adhesive bonding.

[0039] The fitting and coupling and the fixed or press-fitting coupling further improve the fixing of the encoder and ultimately the reliability of operation.

[0040] According to another embodiment, the feedback system is configured to identify at least one value regarding the position of the operating axis by an encoder and an auxiliary contact, and generate a feedback signal based on the at least one value. In this case, the encoder and the auxiliary contact can each generate an independent value. In this case, these values are then integrated into one value, and a feedback signal is generated based on this value. Further, each value of the encoder and the value of the auxiliary contact that are combined to indicate the position of the operating axis can directly generate a common feedback signal.

[0041] The operating system has a control device. This control device is configured to act on the operation of the electric motor according to a feedback signal based on a common value of the encoder and the auxiliary contact or each respective value thereof.

[0042] By identifying the two values from which the position of the operating axis is calculated, the idea of the present invention can be realized by various hardware. Therefore, ultimately, the reliability of the operation of the operating system, the switch, and the equipment is improved.

[0043] According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system is configured to calculate a first value by an encoder according to a first method and calculate a second value by an auxiliary contact according to a second method. Subsequently, these values are integrated into one value.

[0044] These methods can be distinguished by different technical principles or physical principles or different components (hardware elements).

[0045] According to at least one embodiment, the first value of the encoder regarding the position of the operating axis is the first value regarding the absolute position of the operating axis.

[0046] According to at least one embodiment, the second value of the auxiliary contact regarding the position of the operating axis is the second value regarding the relative position of the operating axis.

[0047] The first value and the second value create one value related to the absolute position of the operating axis.

[0048] According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system is configured to calculate the position of the rotor of the electric motor and identify one of at least two values related to the position of the operating axis according to the position of the rotor. In this case, the feedback system has an encoder which is a so-called virtual rotary encoder.

[0049] According to at least one embodiment, the feedback system includes an encoder and an auxiliary contact. The encoder and the auxiliary contact are combined and configured and arranged to detect the absolute position of the operating axis or the absolute position of another axis connected to the operating axis, and generate at least one output signal based on the detected position.

[0050] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder and the auxiliary contact are directly or indirectly fixed to the electric motor shaft, the operating axis, or an axis coupled to the operating axis.

[0051] According to at least one embodiment, the encoder has a first output part for outputting a first value, and the auxiliary contact has a second output part for outputting a second value. In this case, these values create the absolute position of the operating axis.

[0052] According to at least one embodiment, the auxiliary contact is configured to further detect the position of the operating axis or the position of another axis based on a scanning method.

[0053] According to at least one embodiment, the scanning method includes a mechanical, optical, magnetic, capacitive, resistive, or electromagnetic induction scanning method.

[0054] According to at least one embodiment, further, the auxiliary switch is press-fitted or fixedly coupled to the operating shaft, the motor shaft, or another shaft, for example, by adhesive bonding.

[0055] With the fitting connection and further with the fixing connection or press-fitting connection, the fixation of the encoder and ultimately the operating reliability are further improved.

[0056] According to an improved concept, a method for operating a load tap changer is also provided. The method includes identifying at least one value regarding the absolute position of an operating shaft for operating the load tap changer, generating a feedback signal based on the at least one value, and controlling a motor for operating the load tap changer in response to the feedback signal.

[0057] Another embodiment and implementation of the method are obtained from various configurations of the tap changer arrangement. In particular, the individual or multiple components and / or arrangements described with respect to the tap changer can be implemented to execute the method.

[0058] Hereinafter, the present invention will be illustrated in detail with reference to the drawings. Components that are the same or functionally the same or have the same effect may be denoted by the same reference numerals. Components having the same configuration and the same function are sometimes described only with respect to the figure in which they first appear. Such description is not necessarily repeated in subsequent drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0059]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0060] The same reference numerals are used for elements that act in the same or similar manner. Further, for ease of understanding, only the reference numerals necessary for the description of each figure are shown in the individual figures. These figures show only embodiments of the present invention and are not limited to the illustrated embodiments.

[0061] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an operating system 3 for a switch 1. The operating system 3 is connected to the switch 1 via an operating shaft 16. The operating system 3 includes an electric motor 12 that can operate the operating shaft 16 via an electric motor shaft 14 and a gear device 15 as an option. The control device 2 of the operating system 3 includes a power supply unit 11 including an inverter (not shown) for controlling or adjusting the energy supply of the electric motor 12, and a control unit 12 for controlling the power supply unit 11 through, for example, a bus 18. The operating system 3 is used as a feedback system 4 or is part of the feedback system 4 and includes an encoder 13 connected to the power supply unit 11. Further, the encoder 13 is directly or indirectly connected to the operating shaft 16.

[0062] For this reason, the encoder 13 is configured to detect at least one first position regarding the position of the operating shaft 16, particularly the angular position, for example, the absolute angular position. For this reason, the encoder 13 includes, for example, an absolute value encoder, particularly a multi-turn absolute value encoder. The encoder 13 is fixed to the operating shaft 16, the electric motor shaft 14, or another shaft. The position of the shaft is uniquely associated with the absolute position of the operating shaft 16. For example, the position of the operating shaft 16 can be uniquely specified from the position of the electric motor shaft 14, for example, by the transmission ratio of the gear device.

[0063] For this reason, the feedback system 4 is configured to detect a value regarding the position of the operating shaft 16.

[0064] For this reason, the control device 2, particularly the control unit 10 and / or the power supply unit 11, is configured to control or adjust the electric motor 12 in response to a feedback signal generated by the feedback system 4 based on the value.

[0065] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the operating system 3. Here, in addition to the encoder 13 configured as an absolute value encoder, a multi-turn absolute value encoder, a single-turn absolute value encoder, a single-turn rotary encoder, an incremental encoder, or a virtual rotary encoder, an auxiliary switch 9 may be provided. Therefore, the operating system 3 is used as a feedback system 4 or is part of the feedback system 4, and has the encoder 13 and the auxiliary switch 9 connected to the power supply unit 11.

[0066] The auxiliary switch 9 may be configured as at least one microswitch, resolver, or Sin / Cos encoder. The position of the operating shaft 16 can be uniquely specified by the encoder 13 connected to the auxiliary switch 9.

[0067] Alternatively or additionally, the control device 2 may be configured to detect a value related to the position of the operating shaft 16 from the position of the rotor of the electric motor 12. In this case, the encoder 13 already described is configured as a virtual rotary encoder.

[0068] For this reason, for example, electromagnetic induction feedback (induktive Rueckkopplung) due to the movement of the rotor in the motor windings of the electric motor 12 can be utilized. Since the strength of the feedback changes periodically, the position of the rotor can be approximately specified, particularly by signal analysis, for example, fast Fourier transform. Since a complete rotation of the operating shaft 16 corresponds to a plurality of rotations of the rotor, the position of the operating shaft 16 can be estimated with a much higher accuracy from the correspondence. Furthermore, the auxiliary switch 9 can correct the specification of the position of the operating shaft 16.

[0069] The control device 2, particularly the control unit 10 and / or the power supply unit 11, is configured to control or adjust the electric motor 12 according to the feedback signal generated by the feedback system 4 based on the first value. Depending on the configuration, the value is generated by the output signal of the encoder 13 or by the output signal of the encoder 13 connected to the auxiliary switch 9. Although the present application relates to the invention described in the claims, other aspects may also include the following configurations. 1. - An operating shaft (16) connecting an operating system (3) to a switch (17), - A motor (12) for operating the operating shaft (16), - A feedback system (4) configured to identify at least one value related to the position of the operating shaft (16) and generate a feedback signal based on the at least one value, - A control device (2) configured to act on the operation of the motor (12) in response to the feedback signal, An operating system (3) for a switch (17) including. 2. The operating system (3) according to 1 above, wherein the value related to the position of the operating shaft (16) is a value related to the absolute position of the operating shaft (16). 3. The feedback system (4) includes an encoder (13) configured as an absolute value encoder. This encoder (13) detects the absolute position of the operating shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft connected to the operating shaft (16), and is configured and arranged to generate at least one first output signal based on the detected position, and is configured to calculate a value related to the position of the operating shaft (16) based on the at least one first output signal. The operating system according to 1 or 2 above. 4. The operating system according to 3 above, wherein the absolute value encoder is configured as a multi-turn rotary encoder or a single-turn rotary encoder or a virtual rotary encoder. 5. The feedback system (4) includes at least one encoder (13) and one auxiliary contact (9). The at least one encoder (13) and the auxiliary switch (9) are combined and arranged to detect the absolute position of the operating shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft connected to the operating shaft (16), and generate at least one first output signal based on the detected position, and are configured to calculate a value related to the position of the operating shaft (16) based on the at least one first output signal. The operating system (3) according to 1 or 2 above. 6. The operating system (3) according to the above 5, wherein the encoder (13) is configured as an absolute value encoder or a multi-turn rotary encoder, or as a single-turn rotary encoder or an incremental encoder or a virtual rotary encoder. 7. The operating system (3) according to the above 5, wherein the auxiliary switch (9) is configured as at least one microswitch or resolver. 8. The operating system (3) according to the above 4 or 6, wherein the encoder (13) or the absolute value encoder of the feedback system is formed and configured as a virtual rotary encoder in order to calculate the position of the rotor of the motor (12) and identify a value related to the position of the operating shaft (17) depending on the position of the rotor. 9. The operating system (3) according to any one of the above 1 to 8, wherein the switch (17) is a load tap changer or a switching switch or a load tap selector or a selector or a polarity changer or a double-pole changer or a preselector or a circuit breaker or a load switching switch or a circuit breaker. 10. - Identifying at least one value related to the absolute position of the operating shaft (16) for operating the switch (17); - Generating a feedback signal based on the at least one value; - Controlling the motor (12) for operating the switch (17) according to the feedback signal; A method for operating the switch (17) by an operating system (3) including the above.

Explanation of Signs

[0070] 1 Switch 2 Control Device 3 Operating System 4 Feedback System 9 Auxiliary Switch 10 Control Unit 11 Power Supply Unit 12 Electric Motor 13 Encoder 14 Electric Motor Shaft 15 Gear Unit 16 Operating Shaft 18 Bus

Claims

1. - An operating shaft (16) connecting an operating system (3) to a switch (17), - An electric motor (12) for operating the operating shaft (16) via an electric motor shaft (14) and at least one gear device (15), - A feedback system (4) configured to identify at least one value related to the position of the operating shaft (16) and generate a feedback signal based on the at least one value, - A control device (2) configured to act on the operation of the electric motor (12) in response to the feedback signal, comprising, In the operating system for the switch (17) including at least one encoder (13), the feedback system (4), The encoder is configured as a single-turn rotary encoder, and the feedback system (4) includes one auxiliary switch (9) configured as at least one microswitch. The single-turn rotary encoder and the auxiliary switch (9) are combined and arranged to detect the absolute position of the operating shaft (16) and generate at least one first output signal based on the detected position, and based on the at least one first output signal, it is configured to calculate a value related to the position of the operating shaft (16). The operating system (3) for the switch (17) is characterized by this.

2. The operating system (3) according to Claim 1, wherein the value related to the position of the operating shaft (16) is a value related to the absolute position of the operating shaft (16).

3. The switch (17) is a load tap changer or a switching switch or a load tap selector or a selector or a polarity changer or a double-pole changer or a preselector or a circuit breaker or a load switching switch or a circuit breaker according to Claim 1 or 2. The operating system (3).

4. - Identifying at least one value related to the absolute position of the operating shaft (16) for operating the switch (17), - Generating a feedback signal based on the at least one value, - Controlling the electric motor (12) for operating the switch (17) in response to the feedback signal, A method for operating the switch (17) by the operating system (3) according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, comprising.

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