Waterproof sheet, waterproof structure, waterproof method, and method for manufacturing a waterproof sheet

Abstract

To make water leakage from an underground skeleton hardly occur.SOLUTION: A waterproof sheet 15 is stuck to a concrete structure via an adhesion layer. The waterproof sheet 15 comprises: a resin sheet 21 made of a sheet-like synthetic polymer and having a first face 21a disposed at an adhesion layer 13 side and a second face 21b disposed at an opposite side of the adhesion layer 13; and a fiber material 22 having base fiber 25 stuck to the first face 21a and raised fiber 26 raised from the base fiber 25 to an opposite side of the resin sheet 21. A part of the first face 21a is exposed to be scattered.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a waterproof sheet for covering the inner surface of a concrete structure forming an underground space, a waterproof structure, a waterproof method, and a method for manufacturing the waterproof sheet.

Background Art

[0002] As methods for waterproofing a concrete underground structure, there are a post-treatment method and a pre-treatment method. The post-treatment method is a method of directly applying a waterproof layer to the outer surface of the underground structure after casting. The pre-treatment method is a method in which when a retaining wall and an underground structure are close to each other, before casting the underground structure, using the retaining wall as a substitute for a formwork, applying a waterproof layer to the surface of the retaining wall, and then casting the underground structure to bring the underground structure and the waterproof layer into close contact. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of forming a waterproof layer with a waterproof sheet fixed to a construction object with rock bolts and a waterproof material such as mortar covering the waterproof sheet.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, in the post-treatment method, it is difficult to perform reliable construction due to the special environment underground and the influence of groundwater. Also, in the pre-treatment method, after applying the waterproof layer, the waterproof layer may be damaged by the installation work of the reinforcing bars and formwork of the underground structure. Thus, when applying a waterproof layer to the outside of the underground structure, it is difficult to construct a complete waterproof layer, and water leakage is likely to occur. On the other hand, there is also a method of applying a waterproof layer to the inner surface of the underground structure in consideration of workability. Even if the method of Patent Document 1 is applied to this, it does not aim to prevent water leakage from the underground structure, so it does not provide a fundamental solution.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] The waterproof sheet for solving the above problems is a waterproof sheet adhered to a concrete structure through an adhesive layer, which is made of a sheet-shaped synthetic polymer and has a resin sheet having a first surface disposed on the adhesive layer side and a second surface disposed on the opposite side of the adhesive layer, and a fibrous material having a base fiber bonded to the first surface and a raised fiber that raises from the base fiber to the opposite side of the resin sheet. A part of the first surface is exposed in a scattered manner.

Effect of the Invention

[0006] According to the present invention, since the waterproof sheet has good water tightness with respect to the underground structure, it is difficult for water leakage to occur, and the waterproof layer can withstand the pressure of the groundwater existing outside the underground structure trying to penetrate into the inside of the underground structure.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0007]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0008] With reference to FIGS. 1 to 8, an embodiment of a waterproof sheet, a waterproof structure, a waterproof method, and a method for manufacturing a waterproof sheet will be described. (Overview of the waterproof structure) As shown in FIG. 1, the waterproof structure 10 covers the inner surface 12a of the underground housing 12 installed in the ground 11, thereby suppressing leakage of water into the underground space formed by the underground housing 12.

[0009] The underground housing 12 is made of a first cement-based hydraulic material hardened. The first cement-based hydraulic material is a fluid obtained by mixing at least cement and water. The first cement-based hydraulic material is, for example, concrete obtained by mixing a cement mixture in which gravel or sand, which is an aggregate, is mixed with cement and water.

[0010] The waterproof structure 10 includes an adhesive layer 13 that covers the inner surface 12a of the underground housing 12, and a waterproof sheet 15 that covers the inner surface 12a of the underground housing 12 via the adhesive layer 13. Hereinafter, the pressure exerted on the waterproof structure 10 by the water leaking from the underground housing 12 is referred to as the back water pressure.

[0011] The subsequent layer 13 is formed by curing an adhesive applied to the inner surface 12a of the underground structure 12. Examples of the adhesive include second cement-based hydraulic materials such as cement paste, mortar, and concrete using cement selected from any one or two or more of ordinary Portland cement, early-strength cement, medium-heat Portland cement, low-heat cement, fly ash cement, blast furnace cement, silica cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement, super-fast-hardening cement, alumina cement, and eco-cement.

[0012] The second cement-based hydraulic material is preferably fly ash cement or silica cement. Fly ash cement is a cement-based hydraulic material containing fly ash. Silica cement is a cement-based hydraulic material containing silica fume. Fly ash and silica fume are pozzolanic reactive substances that do not cause a hydration reaction by themselves but react with calcium hydroxide contained in cement through a pozzolan reaction to form a hardened body. By using fly ash cement or silica cement as the second cement-based hydraulic material, even if cracks occur in the adhesive layer 13, a hardened body will be generated in the cracks. As a result, leakage into the underground space can be further suppressed.

[0013] The second cement-based hydraulic material may be a mixture of admixtures such as water reducers, AE agents, AE water reducers, high-performance water reducers, high-performance AE water reducers, fluidizing agents, hardening accelerators, setting retarders, defoaming agents, or short fibers such as polypropylene, vinylon, and nylon, either alone or in combination of several types.

[0014] In addition, resin-based materials such as epoxy resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, and polyester can also be used as the adhesive. Furthermore, resin mortar using these resin-based materials and mixtures of these resin-based materials and the second cement-based hydraulic material can also be used.

[0015] In addition, as the adhesive, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin, resin asphalt, SBR, latex, etc., a polymer dispersion for cement admixture and a re-emulsified powder resin that satisfy the standards of Japanese Industrial Standard JIS A6203:2015 "Polymer Dispersion for Cement Admixture and Re-emulsified Powder Resin" can also be used, as well as a mixture of a second cement-based hydraulic material.

[0016] Since the underground space is likely to be in a wet environment, the adhesive is preferably a second cement-based hydraulic material that exhibits good adhesiveness to the underground structure 12 even in a wet environment. Also, from the viewpoints of waterproofness and adhesiveness, the adhesive is more preferably a cement paste admixed with a polymer dispersion for cement admixture composed of any one of ethylene vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin, and epoxy resin.

[0017] The waterproof sheet 15 is attached to the uncured adhesive layer 13 and then fixed to the inner surface 12a of the underground structure 12 as the adhesive layer 13 cures. Considering the attachment of the waterproof sheet 15 to the entire inner surface 12a and the handleability of the waterproof sheet 15, it is preferable to overlap waterproof sheets 15 of appropriate sizes with an appropriate width. The plurality of waterproof sheets 15 are attached to the adhesive layer 13 such that a part of the outer peripheral portion overlaps.

[0018] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2(a), when the second waterproof sheet 17 is attached next to the first waterproof sheet 16, an adhesive is applied to the first overlapping region 16A, which is a part of the outer peripheral portion of the first waterproof sheet 16. Then, as shown in Fig. 2(b), the second overlapping region 17A of the second waterproof sheet 17 is overlapped with the first overlapping region 16A such that a part of the outer peripheral portion overlaps.

[0019] Note that, as shown in Fig. 3(a), the first waterproof sheet 16 and the second waterproof sheet 17 may be butted against each other without being overlapped. In that case, as shown in Fig. 3(b), it is preferable to attach a boundary covering sheet 18 with an appropriate width so as to cover the boundary portion. As the boundary covering sheet 18, a sheet similar to the waterproof sheet 15 can be used. By covering the boundary portion with the boundary covering sheet 18 in this way, the boundary portion of the waterproof sheet 15 can be reinforced. As a result, even if water leakage occurs from the underground structure 12, it is less likely for the waterproof sheet 15 to bulge.

[0020] (Regarding the waterproof sheet) As shown in Fig. 1, the waterproof sheet 15 is a two-layer sheet having a resin sheet 21 and a fiber material 22. The resin sheet 21 is made of a sheet-shaped synthetic polymer. The resin sheet 21 is formed of, for example, any one or two or more resin materials of ethylene vinyl acetate resin, vulcanized rubber, non-vulcanized rubber, vinyl chloride resin, thermoplastic elastomer, modified asphalt, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, polyamide, polycarbonate. The resin sheet 21 may be a single resin or a mixture of a plurality of resins as a single layer, or a plurality of waterproof layers stacked together. The resin sheet 21 is preferably an ethylene vinyl acetate-based resin or a polyethylene resin from the viewpoints of handling, water shielding property, and corrosion resistance.

[0021] The resin sheet 21 has a first surface 21a and a second surface 21b. The first surface 21a is the surface disposed on the side of the adhesive layer 13. The first surface 21a is the surface to which the fiber material 22 is bonded as the first fiber material. The second surface 21b is the surface disposed on the opposite side of the adhesive layer 13.

[0022] In this embodiment, the second surface 21b is a concavo-convex surface. The second surface 21b is formed into a concavo-convex surface by a plurality of protrusions 23. Examples of the shape of the protrusion 23 include a linear shape, a pyramid shape, a ridgeline shape, an island shape, an emboss shape, a mushroom shape, a hook shape, a matchstick shape, and the like. The plurality of protrusions 23 preferably have a width of 0.01 to 10 mm and a height of 0.01 to 1 mm. These protrusions 23 are formed during the production of the resin sheet 21. Since an anchor effect is generated in the overlapping portion of the waterproof sheets 15 due to the protrusions 23, the adhesion between the waterproof sheets 15 can be improved. Further, the resin portion at the tip of the protrusion may be physically fluffed to increase the adhesion.

[0023] The fiber material 22 has a base fiber 25 and a fluffed fiber (pile) 26. The material of the fiber material 22 may be any of organic synthetic fibers, natural fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, and inorganic fibers. Specifically, it is selected from any one or two or more of polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, nylon, acrylic resin, vinylon, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, rayon, aramid fiber, alkali-resistant glass fiber, basalt fiber, PAN-based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, liquid crystal polymer, cotton, and hemp. Among them, polypropylene, polyester, nylon, and vinylon are preferable.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 4, the base fiber 25 has a mesh shape. Examples of the base fiber 25 include a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a net-like fabric, and a non-woven fabric. The base fiber 25 is a portion that is bonded to the resin sheet 21. When the base fiber 25 is bonded to the resin sheet 21, the fluffed fibers 26 exist in a dense state and the first surface 21a of the resin sheet 21 is exposed in a dotted manner. As a result, the adhesive layer 13 is well filled around the fiber material 22, thereby enhancing the watertightness between the adhesive layer 13 and the waterproof sheet 15 and suppressing the lateral flow of water. Note that the fiber material 22 may be bonded as a second fiber material to the second surface 21b of the resin sheet 21.

[0025] The mesh E of the base fiber 25 forming a mesh shape is related to the density of the raised fiber 26. The mesh E is the maximum width in the mesh portion. The mesh E is preferably greater than 0.1 mm. Also, the mesh E is less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5.0 mm, and more preferably less than 3.0 mm.

[0026] The raised fiber 26 has a three-dimensional shape that raises on the side opposite to the resin sheet 21 with respect to the base fiber 25. The fiber diameter of the raised fiber 26 is preferably 0.1 to 500 μm. The raised fiber 26 is fixed to the base fiber 25 by methods such as weaving, knitting, winding, embedding, and adhesion so that it does not easily come off or become detached from the base fiber 25. The raised fiber 26 produces an anchor effect between the waterproof sheet 15 and the adhesive layer 13. Thereby, the adhesiveness between the underground structure 12 and the waterproof sheet 15 via the adhesive layer 13 can be improved. Examples of the shape of such raised fiber 26 include loop fiber shape, cut fiber shape, spiral fiber shape, and non-directional fiber shape.

[0027] As shown in FIG. 5, the loop fiber-shaped raised fiber 26 is one in which annular fibers are joined to the base fiber 25 in a part thereof. In the raised fiber 26, the length of the raised fiber 26 itself is referred to as the pile length L, and the height from the base fiber 25 in the self-standing state (raising height) is referred to as the pile height H. The pile height H is less than or equal to the pile length L. The pile length L is preferably less than or equal to 10 mm. Also, the pile length L is preferably greater than the mesh E of the base fiber 25.

[0028] As shown in Figs. 6(a) to 6(c), the cut fiber-like raised fiber 26 has a base end joined to the base fiber 25 and a tip end separated from the base fiber 25. With regard to the cut fiber-like raised fiber 26, Fig. 6(a) shows mushroom-shaped raised fiber, Fig. 6(b) shows hook-shaped raised fiber, and Fig. 6(c) shows matchstick-shaped raised fiber. The cut fiber-like raised fiber 26 has, for example, a pile body 28 extending from the base fiber 25 and a pile tip portion 29 integrally provided at the tip of the pile body 28. The pile tip portion 29 has a portion extending laterally from the tip of the pile body 28 with respect to the central axis 30 of the pile body 28.

[0029] The weight of the fiber material 22 is 30 to 200 g / m 2 It is preferable that the basis weight is 30 g / m 2 By this, wrinkles are less likely to occur in the fiber material 22 before and after bonding with the adhesive layer 13. 2 By satisfying the above condition, the waterproof sheet 15 can have an appropriate thickness, and the waterproof sheet 15 can be easily handled. The fiber material 22 may be attached to the second surface 21b of the resin sheet 21. This can improve the adhesion between the waterproof sheets 15.

[0030] Furthermore, the waterproof sheet 15 is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment to impart hydrophilicity to the surface. The hydrophilic treatment is preferably performed after the fiber material 22 is bonded to the resin sheet 21. The hydrophilic treatment is a treatment that imparts functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and amino groups, to the surface of the waterproof sheet 15. By imparting hydrophilicity to the waterproof sheet 15, the adhesion between the waterproof sheet 15 and the adhesive layer 13, specifically, the adhesion between the exposed portion on the first surface 21a of the resin sheet 21 and the adhesive layer 13, and the adhesion between the fiber material 22 and the adhesive layer 13 are improved.

[0031] The functional group is a carboxyl group, which is responsible for the calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) and carboxylate ion (COO -By forming a complex, it is possible to obtain chemical bonding properties with cement. As a result, the adhesiveness of the waterproof sheet 15 to the cementitious hydraulic material can be enhanced.

[0032] (Method for manufacturing a waterproof sheet) An example of the manufacturing method of the above-described waterproof sheet 15 will be described. As shown in Fig. 7(a), the waterproof sheet 15 is manufactured by laminating the fiber material 22 on the resin sheet 21 by heat lamination and then cutting it to an appropriate size.

[0033] The laminating method is such that the resin melted by heating is discharged from a sheet molding machine in a sheet shape and becomes the resin sheet 21 by extrusion molding by rolling with the roll 33. At the same time, the fiber material 22 is fed into the roll 33. The fiber material 22 is supplied so that the base fiber 25 abuts on the first surface 21a of the resin sheet 21, in other words, so that the raised fibers 26 are raised to the opposite side of the resin sheet 21. Thereby, the resin sheet 21 and the fiber material 22 are laminated together.

[0034] As shown in Fig. 7(b), when the pile length L of the raised fibers 26 is smaller than the mesh E of the base fiber 25, the ratio of the raised fibers 26 that are laminated in a state of being buried in the exposed portion of the first surface 21a of the resin sheet 21 increases. On the other hand, when the pile length L of the raised fibers 26 is larger than the mesh E of the base fiber 25, a part of the raised fibers 26 is caught by the base fiber 25, so that the ratio of the raised fibers 26 that are laminated in a state of being buried in the exposed portion of the first surface 21a of the resin sheet 21 decreases. For this reason, it is preferable that the pile length L is larger than the mesh E.

[0035] (Specific example of a waterproof sheet) In a specific example of the waterproof sheet 15 of the present embodiment, "Sun A Sheet" (registered trademark) manufactured by Hasegawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used as the resin sheet 21. As shown in Table 1, this resin sheet 21 is a sheet made of ethylene vinyl acetate resin and has a thickness of 1.1 mm. The tensile strength at this time is 1800 N / cm2 The elongation rate was 600%. Further, projections 23 with a width of 0.24 mm and a height of 0.13 mm were formed on the entire surface of the second surface 21b of the resin sheet 21.

[0036]

Table 1

[0037] As fiber materials 22, fiber materials 1, 2, and 3 having the physical properties shown in Table 2 were prepared. Then, they were bonded to the first surface 21a of the resin sheet 21 by a heat lamination process.

[0038]

Table 2

[0039] As shown in Table 2, for fiber material 1, nylon with a fiber diameter of 28 μm was used for the base fiber 25 and the raised fiber 26, and loop-shaped raised fibers 26 were knitted into the base fiber 25 with a mesh E of 0.24 mm. In fiber material 1, the pile height H of the raised fiber 26 in the self-standing state before the heat lamination process was 2.37 mm, and the basis weight was 73 g / m 2 was.

[0040] For fiber material 2, polyester with a fiber diameter of 32 μm was used for the base fiber 25, and vinylon with a fiber diameter of 32 μm was used for the raised fiber 26, and random loop-shaped raised fibers 26 were entangled in the base fiber 25 with a mesh E of 1.82 mm. In fiber material 2, the pile height H of the raised fiber 26 in the self-standing state before the heat lamination process was 2.47 mm, and the basis weight was 72 g / m 2 was.

[0041] For fiber material 3, a combination of polypropylene and nylon with a fiber diameter of 220 μm was used for the base fiber 25 and the raised fiber 26, and loop-shaped raised fibers 26 were knitted into the base fiber 25 with a mesh E of 11.1 mm. In fiber material 3, the pile height H of the raised fiber 26 in the self-standing state before the heat lamination process was 3.01 mm, and the basis weight was 118 g / m2 It was.

[0042] In the waterproof sheet 15 where the fiber material 1 was bonded to the resin sheet 21, the pile height H after bonding was 1.9 mm. Also, it had an appropriate thickness and was easy to handle. In the waterproof sheet 15 where the fiber material 2 was bonded to the resin sheet 21, the pile height H after bonding was 0.95 mm. Also, it had an appropriate thickness and was easy to handle.

[0043] On the other hand, in the waterproof sheet 15 where the fiber material 3 was bonded to the resin sheet 21, since the basis weight was 118 g / m 2 There was also a problem. As the waterproof sheet 15, it was thick and difficult to handle. Also, for the fiber material 3, since the pile height H of the raised fibers 26 in the self - standing state was smaller than the mesh E, the ratio of the raised fibers 26 buried in the exposed portion of the first surface 21a of the resin sheet 21 was high during the lamination process. As a result, it was confirmed that it was preferable that the pile height H of the raised fibers 26 in the self - standing state was larger than the mesh E.

[0044] (Specific example of waterproof structure) A specific example of the waterproof structure using the waterproof sheet 15 to which the fiber material 1 or the fiber material 2 was bonded, and the experiments conducted on them and the results will be described.

[0045] (Specific example of adhesive) First, a specific example of the adhesive for forming the adhesive layer 13 will be described. In this embodiment, three adhesives, adhesive 1, adhesive 2, and adhesive 3, will be described. Table 3 shows the specifications of each adhesive.

[0046]

Table 3

[0047] The adhesive 1 is made of ordinary Portland cement, the polymer dispersion for cement admixture of ethylene vinyl acetate resin type "Sun-A Polymer E" (registered trademark) manufactured by Hasegawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and tap water, with a water-cement ratio (W / C) of 30% by mass and a polymer-cement ratio (P / C) of 4% by mass.

[0048] The adhesive 2 is made of ordinary Portland cement, the polymer dispersion for cement admixture of ethylene vinyl acetate resin type "Sun-A Polymer E" (manufactured by Hasegawa Chemical Industry), and tap water, with a water-cement ratio (W / C) of 30% by mass and a polymer-cement ratio (P / C) of 8% by mass.

[0049] The adhesive 3 is made of ordinary Portland cement, silica fume, the polymer dispersion for cement admixture of ethylene vinyl acetate resin type "Sun-A Polymer E" (manufactured by Hasegawa Chemical Industry), tap water, and a polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducer. For the binder which is the total amount of ordinary Portland cement and silica fume, the substitution ratio of silica fume in the binder (SF / B) is 10%, the water-binder ratio (W / B) is 20%, the polymer-binder ratio (P / B) is 8%, and the addition amount of the polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducer (Ad / B) is 0.6%.

[0050] (Experimental examples of waterproof structures) Next, a test piece of a waterproof structure constructed using the above-described specific examples of the resin sheet 21, the fiber materials 1 and 2, and the adhesives 1 to 3, and the experiment on the back water pressure conducted on the test piece and its results will be described.

[0051] As shown in FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b), the test piece 40 was prepared by attaching a waterproof sheet 15 to the surfaces 41a of two adjacent concrete plates 41 (15 cm in length × 30 cm in width × 4 cm in thickness) via an adhesive layer 13.

[0052] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 8(a), first, a waterproof sheet 15 was attached to the surfaces 41a of two abutting concrete plates 41 via an adhesive layer 13. Next, as shown in Fig. 8(b), the two concrete plates 41 were separated to form a through passage 42 with a width of 0.1 mm reaching the waterproof sheet 15 from the back surface 41b side of the concrete plate 41. After that, the periphery of the through passage 42 was sealed with an epoxy resin-based adhesive, and a cured product for 28 days or more after the attachment of the waterproof sheet 15 was used as the test piece 40.

[0053] Then, as shown in Fig. 8(c), pressurized water at 0.2 MPa was supplied from the back surface 41b side of the concrete plate 41 toward the through passage 42, and the swelling of the waterproof sheet 15 after 1 hour of the test and the penetration condition of the pressurized water between the waterproof sheet 15 and the adhesive layer 13 were confirmed. The penetration condition was measured with the spread of the pressurized water in the waterproof sheet 15 as the horizontal running length.

[0054] As shown in Table 4, in Example 1, the waterproof sheet 15 with the fiber material 1 laminated on the resin sheet 21 was adhered to the concrete plate 41 using the adhesive 1. In Example 2, the waterproof sheet 15 with the fiber material 1 laminated on the resin sheet 21 was adhered to the concrete plate 41 using the adhesive 2. In Example 3, the waterproof sheet 15 with the fiber material 1 laminated on the resin sheet 21 was adhered to the concrete plate 41 using the adhesive 3. In Example 4, the waterproof sheet 15 with the fiber material 2 laminated on the resin sheet 21 was adhered to the concrete plate 41 using the adhesive 3. In Comparative Example 1, protrusions 23 similar to those on the second surface 21b were formed on the first surface 21a of the resin sheet 21, and it was adhered to the concrete plate 41 using the adhesive 1. In Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1, protrusions 23 were formed on the second surface 21b of the resin sheet 21.

[0055]

Table 4

[0056]

Table 5

[0057] As shown in Table 5, in Examples 1 to 4, no swelling occurred in the waterproof sheet 15. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, swelling occurred in the waterproof sheet 15. Also, the horizontal running length was 75 mm in Example 1, 20 mm in Example 2, 3 mm in Experimental Example 3, 3 mm in Example 4, and 95 mm in Comparative Example 1. Thus, in Examples 1 to 4, useful results were obtained for both swelling and horizontal running length compared to Comparative Example 1. That is, it was confirmed that good water tightness can be obtained by attaching the waterproof sheet 15 to the concrete slab 41 via the adhesive layer 13.

[0058] The effects of this embodiment will be described. (1) By attaching the waterproof sheet 15 to the inner surface 12a of the underground structure 12 via the above-described adhesive layer 13, good water tightness can be obtained between the underground structure 12. Also, due to the elongation performance of the waterproof sheet 15 and the anchor effect by the fiber material 22, breakage and swelling of the waterproof sheet 15 due to the back water pressure are less likely to occur. Furthermore, a series of operations can be performed in the underground space formed by the underground structure 12.

[0059] (2) In the fiber material 22 constituting the waterproof sheet 15, the pile length L is larger than the mesh size E of the resin sheet 21. Thereby, even after the resin sheet 21 and the fiber material 22 are laminated, the self-standing state of the raised fibers 26 is likely to be maintained.

[0060] (3) In the fiber material 22 before lamination, the pile height H of the raised fibers 26 in the self-standing state is 10.0 mm or less. Thereby, the thickness of the adhesive layer 13 can be reduced. As a result, the workability regarding the application of the adhesive is improved.

[0061] (4) Since the waterproof sheet 15 has hydrophilicity, the adhesiveness between the adhesive layer 13 and the waterproof sheet 15, and thus the adhesiveness between the underground structure 12 and the waterproof sheet 15 can be improved. (5) The second surface 21b of the resin sheet 21 is formed into an uneven surface by the protrusions 23. Thereby, the adhesiveness between the waterproof sheets 15 can be improved.

[0062] (6) Since the pile height H of the raised fibers 26 is larger than the mesh E of the base fibers 25, the proportion of the raised fibers 26 that would be buried in the exposed portion of the first surface 21a of the resin sheet 21 and bonded together can be reduced.

[0063] (7) By bonding the fiber material 22 to the second surface 21b of the resin sheet 21, the adhesiveness between the waterproof sheets 15 is improved. (8) Since the raised fibers 26 are loop-shaped, the engagement between the adhesive layer 13 and the fiber material 22 can be strengthened.

[0064] (9) Since the raised fibers 26 are cut pile and the cut pile is the pile tip portion 29 extending laterally from the pile body 28, the engagement between the adhesive layer 13 and the fiber material 22 can be strengthened.

[0065] (10) By setting the pile height H after bonding to the resin sheet 21 to 10 mm or less, it is easy to perform the rolling pressure of the adhesive for ensuring watertightness, and the variation in the resistance to the backwater pressure can be reduced by minimizing the coating amount of the adhesive layer in the underground space where the workability is poor. Note that such an effect becomes remarkable by setting the pile height H to 5.0 mm or less, and further to 3.0 mm or less.

[0066] (11) By covering the boundary portion of the waterproof sheet 15 with the boundary covering sheet 18, the boundary portion can be reinforced. Therefore, it is less likely for the waterproof sheet 15 to bulge.

[0067] (12) The waterproof sheet 15 is manufactured by subjecting the resin sheet 21 and the fiber material 22 to a heat lamination treatment. Thereby, the waterproof sheet 15 can be manufactured under a simple method and a simple apparatus.

[0068] This embodiment can be implemented with the following modifications. This embodiment and the following modification examples can be implemented in combination with each other within a technically non - conflicting range. · The boundary portion of the waterproof sheet 15 does not necessarily have to be covered by the boundary covering portion 18.

[0069] · The second surface 21b of the resin sheet 21 is not limited to the uneven surface and may be a flat surface. The technical idea that can be grasped from the above - mentioned embodiment and modification examples will be described. (Appendix 1) The raised - hair - like fiber is a loop pile.

[0070] (Appendix 2) The raised - hair - like fiber is a cut pile, and the cut pile has a pile main body portion extending from the base fiber and a pile tip portion integrally provided at the tip of the pile main body portion, and the pile tip portion has a portion extending laterally from the tip of the pile main body portion.

[0071] (Appendix 3) The second surface of the waterproof sheet is an uneven surface. (Appendix 4) The adhesive layer contains Portland cement as a main component and a polymer dispersion for cement admixture or a re - emulsified powder resin.

[0072] (Appendix 5) The adhesive layer contains a material having pozzolan reactivity. (Appendix 6) The adhesive layer contains any one or more of epoxy resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, and polyester resin.

[0073] (Appendix 7) It has the waterproof sheets arranged to cover the concrete structure, adjacent waterproof sheets have an overlapping portion, and the overlapping portion is bonded together through an adhesive layer.

[0074] (Appended Note 8) When the waterproof sheet is attached by butting, it is provided with a boundary covering portion that covers the boundary portion from the outside.

Explanation of Signs

[0075] 10… waterproof structure, 11… ground, 12… underground structure, 12a… inner surface, 13… adhesive layer, 15… waterproof sheet, 16… first waterproof sheet, 16A… first overlapping region, 17… second waterproof sheet, 17A… second overlapping region, 18… boundary covering sheet, 21… resin sheet, 21a… first surface, 21b… second surface, 22… fiber material, 23… protrusion, 25… base fiber, 26… fuzz-like fiber, 28… pile body, 29… pile tip, 30… central axis, 33… roll, 40… test piece, 41… concrete plate, 41a… surface, 41b… back surface, 42… through-passage.

Claims

1. A waterproof sheet adhered to a concrete structure via an adhesive layer, comprising a resin sheet made of a sheet-shaped synthetic polymer and having a first surface disposed on the adhesive layer side and a second surface disposed on the opposite side of the adhesive layer, and a fiber material having a base fiber bonded to the first surface and a tufted fiber that tufts from the base fiber to the opposite side of the resin sheet. A part of the first surface is exposed in a scattered manner, and the second surface has hydrophilicity and is formed into an uneven surface by a plurality of protrusions Waterproof sheet.

2. The tufted fiber has a length greater than the mesh size of the base fiber The waterproof sheet according to Claim 1.

3. The tufting height of the tufted fiber is 10.0 mm or less in a state where the fiber stands on its own The waterproof sheet according to Claim 1 or 2.

4. The first surface of the resin sheet and the tufted fiber of the fiber material have hydrophilicity The waterproof sheet according to any one of Claims 1 to 3.

5. The fiber material is a first fiber material, and a second fiber material having a base fiber bonded to the second surface of the resin sheet and a tufted fiber that tufts from the base fiber to the opposite side of the resin sheet is provided, and a part of the second surface is exposed in a scattered manner The waterproof sheet according to any one of Claims 1 to 4.

6. An adhesive layer for covering a concrete structure and a waterproof sheet for covering the concrete structure via the adhesive layer, wherein the waterproof sheet is the waterproof sheet according to any one of Claims 1 to 5 Waterproof structure.

7. A method for waterproofing a concrete structure, comprising a step of applying an adhesive layer so as to cover the concrete structure, and a step of attaching a waterproof sheet to the applied adhesive layer to cover the concrete structure with the waterproof sheet via the adhesive layer. In the step of covering with the waterproof sheet, a part of the outer peripheral portions of the waterproof sheets is overlapped and adhered with an adhesive to cover the concrete structure with a plurality of the waterproof sheets. The waterproof sheet is made of a sheet-shaped synthetic polymer and has a resin sheet having a first surface disposed on the adhesive layer side and a second surface disposed on the opposite side of the adhesive layer, and a fiber material having a base fiber joined to the first surface and a tufted fiber that tufts from the base fiber to the opposite side of the resin sheet. A part of the first surface is exposed in a scattered manner, ​ The second surface has hydrophilicity and is formed into a concavo-convex surface by a plurality of protrusions Waterproofing method.

8. A method for manufacturing a waterproof sheet that covers the concrete structure through an adhesive layer that covers the concrete structure, The waterproof sheet is, A resin sheet made of a sheet-shaped synthetic polymer, having a first surface disposed on the adhesive layer side and a second surface disposed on the opposite side of the adhesive layer, A fiber material having a base fiber joined to the first surface and a raised fiber that raises from the base fiber to the opposite side of the resin sheet, characterized in that a part of the first surface is exposed in a scattered manner and the second surface is formed into a concavo-convex surface by a plurality of protrusions, The resin sheet is formed by extrusion molding of a thermoplastic resin, The fiber material is thermally laminated to the resin sheet during the extrusion molding of the resin sheet, After the extrusion molding, a hydrophilic treatment is performed on the second surface of the resin sheet Method for manufacturing a waterproof sheet.

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