Management and inspection method for the cultivation of Yamato sweet potato

Abstract

To provide a management and checking method on appropriate growth of a field crop which is particularly Yamato yam (Japanese yam).SOLUTION: Each process of: (1) an analysis process of moving a mobile body above a farm field of field crop, and analyzing an image captured by a visible light camera or an infrared camera mounted on the mobile body and (or) a multispectral image which has recorded electromagnetic waves of a plurality of wavelength ranges; (2) a nitrate ion concentration measuring process of squeezed juice squeezed from field crop; and (3) a process of applying management and checking necessary for the growth of field crop such as necessity of additional fertilization to field crop and the presence of pests based on an analysis result to an image obtained in the process (1) and a nitrate ion concentration measurement result obtained in the process (2) is executed.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention Japanese sweet potato relates to a method for managing and inspecting the growth of Regarding the Japanese sweet potato (Yamato sweet potato), which is carried out by concurrently performing image analysis of aerial photography using a small unmanned aircraft (also known as a drone) and measuring the nitrate ion concentration of the squeezed juice from Yamato sweet potato, and performing appropriate growth management and inspection of Yamato sweet potato according to the results thereof, aiming to achieve the growth of healthy Yamato sweet potato.

Background Art

[0002] Recently, small unmanned aircraft (also known as drones) have come to be used for inspection and analysis of large buildings, etc. The drone is equipped with a visible light camera and an infrared camera (including a camera in which both are integrated), and inspection and analysis are carried out based on the images taken (aerial photography) by the visible light camera and the infrared camera. Also, the inspection and analysis are also carried out by analyzing multi-spectral images that record electromagnetic waves in a plurality of wavelength bands. On the other hand, in the field of crop cultivation, it is necessary to perform management and inspection necessary for crop growth, such as the necessity of topdressing and the presence or absence of pests and diseases on crops, and it is possible to perform treatments such as applying appropriate topdressing and spraying agricultural chemicals manually, but it is not efficient and is likely to be insufficient. Instead of relying on manual inspection, inspection and analysis using infrared rays, etc. by the above-mentioned drone is effective. However, in the field of crop cultivation, it is necessary to promote the healthy growth of crops, appropriately apply fertilizers to crops, and prevent delays in the fertilization timing. Inspection and analysis using infrared rays, etc. by such drones alone are insufficient. Such appropriate fertilizer and cultivation management for crops is possible by observing crops (naked eye observation method), but it depends on experience and intuition, and accurate judgment is difficult. Also, there is a method called soil solution diagnosis, and there is also a method of collecting soil solution to know the nitrogen deficiency in the soil. However, since the nitrogen deficiency in the soil is known and then topdressing is performed, a gap with the effect on crops is likely to occur. On the one hand, there is also a method of crop nutrient diagnosis. Since this diagnosis involves collecting sap from the crop itself for diagnosis, it is possible to determine in real time whether topdressing is necessary. However, there are two methods of collecting sap. One is to cut the petiole (leaf body) of the crop by the grinding method and then collect the sap, or the other is to cut the petiole (leaf body) of the crop by the sap extraction method, grind it in a mortar, and then collect the sap. However, due to differences in the hardness of the petiole (leaf body) among different crops, it is necessary to select a collection method suitable for the type of crop. Moreover, relying solely on crop nutrient diagnosis using the grinding method or the sap extraction method cannot ensure the proper growth of agricultural crops.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Disclosure of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method that is excellent in the management and inspection of the growth of the above-mentioned conventional technologies. Eliminating the Japanese sweet potato Other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the specification and drawings.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] The claims of the present invention are as follows. (Claim 1) (1) Japanese sweet potato Moving a moving body over the field, and an analysis step of an image captured by a visible light camera or / and an infrared camera mounted on the moving body and / or a multi-spectral image recording electromagnetic waves in a plurality of wavelength bands, and (2) Japanese sweet potato A step of measuring the nitrate ion concentration of each squeezed sap squeezed from each of the leaves and petioles of (3) Based on the analysis result of the image obtained from the step (1) Japanese sweet potatoDetermine the presence or absence of pests and diseases, and (4) Based on the measurement results obtained from the process of (2) above Japanese sweet potato Determine the necessity of topdressing, and Japanese sweet potato Perform the management and inspection necessary for the growth of Japanese sweet potato Growth management and inspection method. (Claim 2) The moving body is an unmanned small aircraft, and the growth management and inspection method of Japanese sweet potato according to Claim 1.

Advantages of the Invention

[0006] Briefly explaining the effects obtained by the representative inventions disclosed in this application, it is as follows.

[0007] In the present invention, as shown in Claim 1, by concurrently performing the following two steps of (1) and (2) Japanese sweet potato Performing the growth management and inspection of Japanese sweet potato The presence or absence of pests and diseases of Japanese sweet potato The necessity of topdressing, etc. Japanese sweet potato The management and inspection necessary for the growth of Japanese sweet potato can be excellently performed, reliable growth of (1) Japanese sweet potato Moving a moving body over the field of (2) Japanese sweet potato Measuring the nitrate ion concentration of each squeezed juice squeezed from each of the leaves and petioles of

[0008] In the present invention, as shown in Claim 2, by using an unmanned small aircraft, also known as a drone, as the moving body, a more efficient Japanese sweet potatoGrowth management and inspection can be carried out.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0009] In the present invention Japanese sweet potato (Yamatoimo) refers to sweet potatoes, which are well-known in grated form, and are collectively called "sweet potatoes" or "yams" for tubers belonging to the "yam family" such as long sweet potatoes, Yamato sweet potatoes, and ginkgo potatoes. When grated raw, it has a crunchy texture, and when grated, it has a sticky texture. When heated, it becomes soft. It is a vegetable that can be used in various dishes. Sweet potatoes are rare tubers that can be eaten raw. It contains the digestive enzyme diastase (amylase), and since part of the starch is decomposed, it is characterized by not causing indigestion in the stomach. Yamato sweet potatoes have diseases such as mosaic disease, in which yellow mosaic patterns appear on the leaves, and the cause is said to be that aphids transmit the virus. Among the pests of Yamato sweet potatoes, there is the yam leaf beetle whose larvae eat the leaves on the back of the leaf. Only the epidermis of the leaf remains, and the leaf becomes transparent. Anthracnose may also occur, in which black-brown lesions form on the leaves and stems, and many small black dots appear on them.

[0010] As the moving body in the present invention, a small unmanned aircraft (alias drone) is preferable. A manned helicopter, an airplane, etc. may also be used. Examples of drones as moving bodies used in the present invention are shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. As shown in the figure, the drone 1 has several pairs of propellers 2 with different rotation directions, and a motor 3 such as a brushless motor that moves the drone is used. The drone 1 may or may not be equipped with legs (skids) 4. The main body of the drone 1 and the legs (skids) 4 are connected by an arm 5. The drone 1 is equipped with an infrared camera 6 And / or and a visible light camera 7. The drone 1 cannot fly by itself alone and requires a transmitter (controller) for operation from the ground. In addition, the drone 1 is equipped with an obstacle detection sensor, a gimbal (a device that reduces shaking and vibration), an LED lamp, etc.

[0011] In the present invention, the moving body, particularly a drone, is moved Japanese sweet potato above the field (test plot). The Japanese sweet potato moving body is moved above the field, and visible light cameras Or / and and infrared cameras mounted on the moving body are used to Japanese sweet potato take pictures, obtain the taken images, and perform image analysis.

[0012] The image taken by the visible light camera is a visible image. It is an image with shades according to the reflection intensity in the visible light range of sunlight. Areas with large reflections are bright (white), and areas with small reflections are dark (black) and imaged. It is almost the same as a general black-and-white photo. Since it looks different depending on the sun altitude, attention is required for observation. At night, the sun is on the back side of the earth and there is no reflection of sunlight, so clouds at night do not appear in the visible image.

[0013] The image taken by the infrared camera (near-infrared camera, far-infrared camera) is an infrared image. Infrared rays are a type of electromagnetic wave that humans See cannot see, have a longer wavelength than visible light, and are most easily absorbed by objects. When light including infrared rays is applied from above the field to Japanese sweet potato the Japanese sweet potato differences in reflection and absorption characteristics of light are photographed as an image due to the differences. Since the infrared camera senses temperature, it can take pictures even without a light source at night such as at night. The visible light camera and the infrared camera may be mounted on the drone at the same time.

[0014] In the present invention, analysis of a multispectral image recording electromagnetic waves in a plurality of wavelength bands is also performed. A multispectral image is an image recording electromagnetic waves in a plurality of wavelength bands, and the multispectral image records not only electromagnetic waves in the wavelength band of visible light visible to the human eye, but also electromagnetic waves in the wavelength band of invisible light that cannot be seen by the human eye, such as ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, and far-infrared rays, where applicable. The multispectral image is Japanese sweet potatoData necessary for grasping the spectral reflection characteristics, using the multispectral image alone or analyzing it in combination with the visible image Or / and It is advisable to perform the analysis in combination with an infrared image. For the utilization of the multispectral image, for example, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) indicates Japanese sweet potato a standardized index representing the presence and activity of vegetation, and Japanese sweet potato can utilize the spectral reflection characteristics of

[0015] In the present invention, Japanese sweet potato a moving body is moved above the field, and in addition to the analysis of the image taken by the visible light camera or / and the infrared camera mounted on the moving body, And / or the nitrate ion concentration of each squeezed juice squeezed from each of the leaves and petioles of Japanese sweet potato is measured. The squeezed juice As for, the Japanese sweet potato is preferably the squeezed juice squeezed from each of the petioles and leaves of . Although there is also a method of measuring the nitrate ion concentration by collecting the juice after cutting the petiole (leaf body) of the crop by the grinding method, the method of collecting the juice after grinding in a mortar after cutting the petiole (leaf body) of the crop by the squeezed juice method is particularly suitable for the cultivation of Yamato sweet potato (Yamato imo). For the measurement of the nitrate ion concentration, a nitrate ion meter can be used. Japanese sweet potato Since the reflection of sunlight from an unmanned small aircraft (drone) of a moving body moving above the field of Japanese sweet potato is measured, it is advisable to collect the part that receives the sunlight rays from the largest source in the field. The size is preferably a part with a length and width of 50 to 80 mm each, and it is also advisable to select a part with a mature leaf color.

Example

[0016] Examples are given below to provide a more detailed understanding of the present invention. Naturally, the present invention is not limited only to the following examples.

Example 1

[0017] A small unmanned aircraft (also known as a drone) equipped with an infrared camera and a visible light camera was flown (moved) over a field (test plot) in Chiba Prefecture, Sakura City, Hagiya Shinoda, where Japanese mountain yam belonging to the genus Dioscorea of the "Dioscoreaceae" family is cultivated, and infrared images were acquired four times and analyzed. The infrared image of the first aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 1, the infrared image of the second aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 2, the infrared image of the third aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 3, and the infrared image of the fourth aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 4, respectively. The parameters in the infrared image are emissivity 0.94 and reflected temperature -35°C, respectively. The position where the infrared image was acquired is by GPS. The infrared image has been subjected to image analysis by AI. From the infrared image analysis, it was found that in the field (test plot) where the test was conducted, the color of the leaves was gradually changing, and it was found that the yams belonging to the "Dioscoreaceae" family were growing smoothly. There was no disease caused by pathogenic insects. Also, in the same manner as above, visible images taken by the visible light camera were obtained. Visible images were acquired eight times and analyzed. The visible image of the first aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 5, the visible image of the second aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 6, the visible image of the third aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 7, the visible image of the fourth aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 8, the visible image of the fifth aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 9, the visible image of the sixth aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 10, the visible image of the seventh aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 11, and the visible image of the eighth aerial photography is shown as Reference Photo 12, respectively. From the visible image analysis, it was found that in the field (test plot) where the test was conducted, the yams belonging to the "Dioscoreaceae" family were growing smoothly. However, this image analysis From, the Japanese sweet potato From the image analysis of the aerial photography by the small unmanned aircraft (also known as a drone) of (Japanese mountain yam), the certainty of confirming the amount of top dressing was likely to be insufficient. Therefore, it was found that it is preferable to concurrently measure the nitrate ion concentration of the squeezed juice from Japanese mountain yam and perform appropriate cultivation management and inspection of Japanese mountain yam according to the results. As follows, the nitrate ion concentration was measured to confirm the amount of top dressing.

[0018] Measurement of nitrate ion concentration; Yamato potato leaves were collected. The collection site was the part that received the sunlight rays from the maximum source in the field (test plot), and the part showing mature leaf color with a size of 50 - 80 mm in both length and width was collected. The lower leaf stalks of the Yamato potato leaves were also collected simultaneously. After cutting the collected Yamato potato leaves and leaf stalks, they were ground in a mortar, and then the juice was collected. For the squeezed juice diluted with distilled water, a simple measurement value was calculated using the nitrate ion meter HORIBA of the set for measuring residual nitrate ions in crops, LAQUAtwin - NO3 - 11C manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. The measurement was carried out 6 times from the first time to the sixth time for the leaves and leaf stalks respectively. If the simple measurement value obtained by the nitrate ion concentration measurement is higher than the reference value, topdressing is withheld; if it is within the reference value, normal fertilization management is carried out; if it is lower than the reference value, topdressing is carried out in real - time. The nitrate ion concentration measurement results are shown in Table 1.

[0019]

Table 1

[0020] The nitrate ion concentration measurement results of the leaves in Table 1 were displayed as a line graph. The line graph of the nitrate ion concentration measurement results is shown in Table 2.

[0021]

Table 2

[0022] The measurement results of the nitrate ion concentration of the petioles in Table 1 above are shown in a line graph. The line graph of the measurement results of the nitrate ion concentration is shown in Table 3.

[0023]

Table 3

[0024] Test results: From the infrared image analysis, it can be seen that in the field (test plot) where the test was carried out, the color of the leaves gradually changed, and it can be seen that the taros belonging to the "Dioscoreaceae" family grew smoothly. There was no disease caused by pathogenic insects. From the visible image analysis, it can be seen that in the field (test plot) where the test was carried out, the taros belonging to the "Dioscoreaceae" family grew smoothly. On the other hand, from the nitrate ion concentration measurement results, for the field (test plot) where the test was carried out, it can be seen that the nutrients stored in the leaves in the first and second times were sequentially transferred to the underground taros and enlarged in the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth times. From this, it can be seen that it is important to confirm the amount of top dressing and the presence or absence of pests and diseases around the first time. From the above, Japanese sweet potato For the cultivation management and inspection of When, the Japanese sweet potato (Yamato potatoes), from the image analysis of aerial photography by an unmanned small aircraft (alias drone), the certainty of confirming the amount of top dressing is likely to be insufficient. It is preferable to conduct the measurement of the nitrate ion concentration of the squeezed juice from Yamato potatoes in parallel and implement appropriate cultivation management and inspection of Yamato potatoes according to the results.

[0025] The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and can be appropriately changed.

Industrial applicability

[0026] The Japanese sweet potato cultivation management and inspection method of the present invention can also be applied to the processed image by 3D conversion infrared thermography.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0028] 1... Drone 2... Propeller 3... Motor 4... Leg (Skid) 5... Arm 6... Infrared camera 7... Visible light camera

Claims

1. (1) A step of moving a moving body over a field of Japanese purple sweet potatoes and analyzing an image taken by a visible light camera or / and an infrared camera mounted on the moving body and / or a multi-spectral image recording electromagnetic waves in a plurality of wavelength bands; (2) A step of measuring the nitrate ion concentration of each squeezed juice squeezed from each of the leaves and petioles of Japanese purple sweet potatoes; (3) Judging the presence or absence of pests and diseases of Japanese purple sweet potatoes based on the analysis results of the image obtained from the step (1); (4) Judging the necessity of topdressing for Japanese purple sweet potatoes based on the measurement results obtained from the step (2), and performing management and inspection necessary for the cultivation of Japanese purple sweet potatoes. A method for management and inspection in the cultivation of Japanese purple sweet potatoes, characterized by this.

2. The method for management and inspection in the cultivation of Japanese purple sweet potatoes according to Claim 1, characterized in that the moving body is a small unmanned aircraft.

Images