Energy-oriented system and energy system

Abstract

To provide systems for transverse localization of energy in energy relays using ordered material distributions, and methods of manufacturing the energy relays.SOLUTION: Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy directing systems for directing energy of multiple energy domains. Energy relays and energy waveguides are disclosed for directing energy of multiple energy domains, including electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, and haptic energy. Systems are disclosed for projecting and sensing 4D energy fields comprising multiple energy domains.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is filed on the same date as "System and Method for Transverse Energy Localization in Energy Relays Us "Integrating Ordered Structures" filed on January 14, 2018 No. 62 / 617,288, and "Novel Application n of Holographic and Light Field Technol No. 62 / 617,293, filed January 14, 2018, entitled "Ogy" No. 6,393,636, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. is incorporated into the book.

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to bright field energy systems, and more specifically to ordered material particles. A system for lateral localization of energy in an energy relay using fabric, and its This invention relates to a method for manufacturing an energy relay. [Background technology]

[0003] It was popularized by Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek. Originally planned by author Alexander Moszkowski in the early 1900s The dream of an indoor, interactive virtual world has been a fantasy for nearly a century. However, the picture of this experience Its historical realization is captured in the literature, the media, and the collective imagination of children and adults alike. Outside, it doesn't exist at all. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To manufacture an energy directing system for directing energy in a plurality of energy domains A system and method for directing multiple energy regions is disclosed. A 4D energy relay and an energy waveguide with multiple energy regions are disclosed. A system for projecting and sensing energy fields is disclosed.

[0005] In one embodiment, the energy relay includes a first module, a second module, and The first module includes a first component in a lateral plane of the energy relay. a second module having an arrangement of a first component design structure and a second component design structure; However, in the transverse plane of the energy relay, the third component design structure and the fourth a first component design structure and a second component design structure; Both of the first energy region are aligned along a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the transverse plane. The third and fourth components are designed to transport energy that belongs to the Both structures have a first energy distribution along a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the transverse plane. configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region. , the first module is a first energy region, the first energy region ... The second module has a substantially higher transport efficiency than the first module, and the second module has a substantially higher transport efficiency than the first module. Thus, the transport efficiency is significantly higher in the longitudinal plane than in the transverse plane.

[0006] In one embodiment, the energy relay includes a first A first module comprising an arrangement of a component design structure and a second component design structure, and an energy relay material, wherein the first module and the energy relay material are distributed across a lateral plane of the energy relay, and both the first and second component design structures are configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the lateral plane, and the energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane perpendicular to the lateral plane, and the first module has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the first energy region, and the energy relay material has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the second energy region. A first module and an energy relay material, wherein the first module and the energy relay material are distributed across a lateral plane of the energy relay, and both the first and second component design structures are configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the lateral plane, and the energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane perpendicular to the lateral plane, and the first module has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the first energy region, and the energy relay material has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the second energy region. The first module and the energy relay material are distributed across a lateral plane of the energy relay, and both the first and second component design structures are configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the lateral plane, and the energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane perpendicular to the lateral plane, and the first module has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the first energy region, and the energy relay material has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the second energy region. Both the first and second component design structures are perpendicular to the lateral plane and are configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane, and the energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane. Both the first and second component design structures are perpendicular to the lateral plane and are configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane, and the energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane. The energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the lateral plane. The energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along a longitudinal plane perpendicular to the lateral plane. The first module has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the first energy region, and the energy relay material has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the second energy region. The first module has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the first energy region, and the energy relay material has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the second energy region. The first module has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the first energy region, and the energy relay material has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the lateral plane for the second energy region.

[0007] In one embodiment, a method of forming an energy relay includes providing a first energy relay material configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane of the energy relay, forming one or more mechanical openings in the first energy relay material, wherein the one or more mechanical openings are substantially oriented along the longitudinal plane, and incorporating a second energy relay material into the one or more mechanical openings, wherein the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay. In one embodiment, a method of forming an energy relay includes providing a first energy relay material configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane of the energy relay, forming one or more mechanical openings in the first energy relay material, wherein the one or more mechanical openings are substantially oriented along the longitudinal plane, and incorporating a second energy relay material into the one or more mechanical openings, wherein the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay. In one embodiment, a method of forming an energy relay includes providing a first energy relay material configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane of the energy relay, forming one or more mechanical openings in the first energy relay material, wherein the one or more mechanical openings are substantially oriented along the longitudinal plane, and incorporating a second energy relay material into the one or more mechanical openings, wherein the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay. In one embodiment, a method of forming an energy relay includes providing a first energy relay material configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane of the energy relay, forming one or more mechanical openings in the first energy relay material, wherein the one or more mechanical openings are substantially oriented along the longitudinal plane, and incorporating a second energy relay material into the one or more mechanical openings, wherein the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay. In one embodiment, a method of forming an energy relay includes providing a first energy relay material configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane of the energy relay, forming one or more mechanical openings in the first energy relay material, wherein the one or more mechanical openings are substantially oriented along the longitudinal plane, and incorporating a second energy relay material into the one or more mechanical openings, wherein the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay. In one embodiment, a method of forming an energy relay includes providing a first energy relay material configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane of the energy relay, forming one or more mechanical openings in the first energy relay material, wherein the one or more mechanical openings are substantially oriented along the longitudinal plane, and incorporating a second energy relay material into the one or more mechanical openings, wherein the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay. In one embodiment, a method of forming an energy relay includes providing a first energy relay material configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane of the energy relay, forming one or more mechanical openings in the first energy relay material, wherein the one or more mechanical openings are substantially oriented along the longitudinal plane, and incorporating a second energy relay material into the one or more mechanical openings, wherein the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay. In one embodiment, a method of forming an energy relay includes providing a first energy relay material configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along a longitudinal plane of the energy relay, forming one or more mechanical openings in the first energy relay material, wherein the one or more mechanical openings are substantially oriented along the longitudinal plane, and incorporating a second energy relay material into the one or more mechanical openings, wherein the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay. The energy relay has a significantly higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the transverse plane perpendicular to the longitudinal plane for the first and second energy regions. than in the transverse plane perpendicular to the longitudinal plane.

[0008] In one embodiment, a method for forming an energy relay includes providing a plurality of first and second energy relay materials configured to transport energy belonging to the first and second energy regions, respectively, along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay, arranging the plurality of first and second energy relay materials in a substantially non-random pattern in the transverse plane of the energy relay, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal plane, and processing the arrangement of the first and second energy relay materials into a fused structure while maintaining the substantially non-random pattern of the first and second energy relay materials in the transverse plane of the energy relay, wherein the energy relay has a significantly higher energy transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the transverse plane. along the longitudinal plane of the energy relay, respectively, providing a plurality of first and second energy relay materials configured to transport energy belonging to the first and second energy regions, arranging the plurality of first and second energy relay materials in a substantially non-random pattern in the transverse plane of the energy relay, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal plane, and processing the arrangement of the first and second energy relay materials into a fused structure while maintaining the substantially non-random pattern of the first and second energy relay materials in the transverse plane of the energy relay, wherein the energy relay has a significantly higher energy transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the transverse plane. while maintaining the substantially non-random pattern of the first and second energy relay materials in the transverse plane of the energy relay, processing the arrangement of the first and second energy relay materials into a fused structure, wherein the energy relay has a significantly higher energy transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the transverse plane.

[0009] In one embodiment, an energy directing system includes an energy relay device comprising first and second energy relay materials, wherein the first energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region, the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region, the energy relay device comprises a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface, and the energy relay extends along a first plurality of energy propagation paths passing through the first and second surfaces, wherein the first energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region, the second energy relay material is configured to transport energy belonging to a second energy region different from the first energy region, the energy relay device comprises a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface, and the energy relay extends along a first plurality of energy propagation paths passing through the first and second surfaces, wherein the energy relay has a significantly higher energy transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the transverse plane. through a first plurality of energy propagation paths extending through the first and second surfaces, configured to relay the energy of the first domain and along a plurality of energy propagation paths of the second domain extending through the first and third surfaces configured to relay the energy of the second domain along a plurality of energy propagation paths of the second domain wherein the plurality of first and second energy propagation paths are interleaved at the first surface to form a plurality of first energy positions of the first energy region and a plurality of second energy positions of the second energy region along the first surface and the energy directing system further comprises an array of waveguides configured to direct energy to or from a plurality of first and second energy positions at the first surface In one embodiment, the energy directing system comprises an energy surface comprising a plurality of first energy positions configured to direct first energy from an energy plane and an energy device comprising one or more conductive diaphragms mounted between one or more pairs of conductive planes each comprising a plurality of apertures

[0010] wherein the energy device is disposed adjacent to the energy surface and extends across at least a portion of the surface of the energy surface and the plurality of apertures substantially coincide with the plurality of first energy positions and the one or more conductive diaphragms are configured to substantially transmit the first energy directed from the energy plane and the one or more pairs of conductive planes are configured to move the one or more conductive diaphragms thereby generating a second energy directed from the energy device across at least a portion of the surface of the energy surface and the plurality of apertures substantially coincide with the plurality of first energy positions and the one or more conductive diaphragms are configured to substantially transmit the first energy directed from the energy plane and the one or more pairs of conductive planes are configured to move the one or more conductive diaphragms thereby generating a second energy directed from the energy device In one embodiment, the energy system is an array of waveguides, each waveguide comprising one or more elements disposed on a separate substrate

[0011] wherein each waveguide comprises at least one aperture and each waveguide comprises one or more elements disposed on a separate substrate The array of waveguides is mounted between one or more pairs of conductive planes having a plurality of energy apertures. and an energy device having one or more conductive diaphragms attached thereto, The energy aperture is substantially aligned with the plurality of waveguide apertures, and the energy device is coupled to the array of waveguides. The substrate is configured to be received between the separate substrates.

[0012] In one embodiment, the energy directing system includes at least one an energy source system configured to generate a first energy; each waveguide of the array of waveguides having a corresponding subset of the plurality of energy locations; to receive at least a first energy from the first waveguide to substantially fill the aperture of each waveguide. and multiple propagation paths determined in part by a corresponding subset of multiple energy positions. an array of waveguides configured to direct at least a first energy along a propagation path; and one or more conductive plates mounted between the one or more pairs of conductive plates having a plurality of apertures. an energy device having a diaphragm, the energy device being adapted to couple to the array of waveguides; adjacent to each other and extending across at least a portion of the array of waveguides, The plurality of apertures of the array of waveguides are substantially aligned with the apertures of the array of waveguides, and the apertures of the array of waveguides are aligned with the apertures of the array of waveguides. The ram is substantially transparent to at least the first energy directed along the multiple propagation paths. and an energy device that, when a voltage is applied across one or more pairs of conductive planes, One or more pairs of conductive planes induce motion of one or more conductive diaphragms, thereby and configured to cooperate with the plurality of propagation paths to generate a directed second energy. . [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013]

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The Holodeck (collectively referred to as the "Holodeck design parameters") ) One embodiment provides sufficient energy stimulation to fool human sensory receptors and make the energy impulses received in a virtual, social, and interactive environment be believed to be real, and 1) binocular disparity without external accessories, head-mounted eyewear, or other peripheral devices, 2) accurate motion parallax, occlusion, and opacity across the entire viewing volume simultaneously for any number of viewers, 3) synchronous convergence, accommodation, and visual focus via miosis for all perceived light rays, and 4) provide convergent energy wave propagation with sufficient density and resolution to exceed the human sensory "resolution" for vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and / or balance.

[0015] Based on the prior art so far, from the technology that can provide all receptive fields in an epoch-making way as suggested by the Holodeck Design Parameter including the visual system, auditory system, somatosensory system, taste system, olfactory system, and vestibular system, we are decades, if not centuries, away.

[0016] In the present disclosure, the terms "bright field" and "holographic" can be used synonymously to define energy propagation for the stimulation of any sensory receptor response. The initial disclosure may refer to examples of electromagnetic and mechanical energy propagation through the energy surface for holographic images and volumetric haptics, but all forms of sensory receptors are envisioned in the present disclosure. Further, the principles disclosed herein for energy propagation along the propagation path may be applicable to both energy emission and energy capture. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

[0017] Today, many technologies exist that, unfortunately, are often confused with holograms, including lenticular printing, Pepper's Ghost, autostereoscopic displays, horizontal parallax displays, head-mounted VR and AR displays (HMDs), and other such illusions generalized as "faux holography." These technologies may exhibit some of the desired characteristics of true holographic displays, but lack the ability to stimulate the human visual sensory response in any way sufficient to address at least two of the four identified holodeck design parameters.

[0018] These challenges have not been successfully addressed by conventional techniques for generating an energy surface that is sufficiently seamless for holographic energy propagation. However, there are various approaches to implementing volumetric and directional multiplexed brightfield displays, including parallax barriers, hologels, voxels, diffractive optical elements, multiview projection, holographic diffusers, rotating mirrors, multilayer displays, time-sequential displays, head-mounted displays, etc. Conventional approaches, however, may require trade-offs regarding image quality, resolution, angular sampling density, size, cost, safety, frame rate, etc., and may ultimately result in infeasible technologies.

[0019] To achieve holodeck design parameters for the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems, the human sensitivity of each system is studied and it is understood that energy waves need to be propagated to sufficiently deceive the human sensory receptors. The visual system can resolve up to approximately one minute , the auditory system can distinguish a placement difference of only 3 degrees, and the somatosensory system of the hand can identify points 2 to 12 m apart. There are various opposing methods for measuring these sensitivities, but these values are sufficient to understand the systems and methods for stimulating the perception of energy propagation.

[0020] Among the well-known sensory receptors, the human visual system is much more sensitive considering that it can even induce a sensation with a single photon. For this reason, much of this introduction focuses on visual energy wave propagation, and an extremely low-resolution energy system coupled within the disclosed energy waveguide surface can converge appropriate signals to induce a holographic sensory perception. Unless otherwise specified, all disclosures apply to all energy - and sensory domains.

[0021] When calculating the effective design parameters of energy propagation for a visual system given a viewing volume and viewing distance, the desired energy surface can be designed to include many gigapixels of effective energy position density. For a large viewing volume or near-field viewing, the design parameters of the desired energy surface can include an effective energy position density of hundreds of gigapixels or more. In comparison, the desired energy source, depending on the input environmental variables, can be designed to have an energy position density of 1 to 250 effective gigapixels for ultrasonic propagation in volumetric haptics, or an array of 36 to 3,600 effective energy positions for acoustic propagation in holographic graphics. It should be noted that in the disclosed bidirectional energy configured to be able to form an appropriate structure for any energy region for this purpose.

[0022] However, today, the main challenges for enabling a holodeck involve the limitations of available vision technologies and electromagnetic devices. Acoustic and ultrasonic devices are not as difficult considering the several orders of magnitude difference in size at the desired density based on the sensitivity in their respective reception fields, but their complexity should not be underestimated. Holographic emulsions exist with resolutions exceeding the desired density, encoding interference patterns within still images, while state-of-the-art display devices are constrained by resolution, data throughput, and manufacturing feasibility. So far, a single display device alone has not been able to significantly generate a bright field with

[0023] near-holographic resolution for vision. Manufacturing a single silicon-based device capable of meeting the desired resolution for a high-fidelity light field display is not realistic and may involve an extremely complex manufacturing process beyond current capabilities. The constraints on tiling together a large number of existing display devices include seams and gaps formed by packaging, electronics circuitry, enclosures, optical

[0024] components, as well as many other issues that necessarily result in infeasible technologies from the perspectives of imaging, cost, and / or size.

[0025] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in this specification. The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification, and they illustrate embodiments that can be implemented. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the terms "embodiment," "embodiment example," and "exemplary embodiment" do not necessarily refer to a single embodiment, but they may be a single embodiment, and various embodiment examples can be easily combined without departing from the scope or spirit of the embodiment example and can be used synonymously. Furthermore, the technical terms used in this specification are only for the purpose of explaining the embodiment examples and are not intended to be limiting. In this regard, as used in this specification, the term "in" may include "in" and "on," and the terms "a," "an," and "the" may include references to the singular and plural. Furthermore, as used in this specification, the term "by" may also mean "from" according to the context. Furthermore, as used in this specification, the term "if" may also mean "when" or "on" according to the context. Furthermore, as used in this specification, the word "and / or" refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the relatedly listed items and may include them. Examination of the holographic system Overview of bright-field energy propagation resolution Bright-field and holographic displays have an energy plane position that propagates within the viewing volume.

[0026] The result of a plurality of projections that provide information on the angle, color, and intensity that has been moved. The disclosed energy surface provides an opportunity for additional information to coexist and propagate through the same surface, inducing other sensory system responses. Unlike a stereoscopic display, the visible position of the converged energy propagation path in space does not change as the viewer moves around the viewing volume, and multiple viewers can simultaneously view the propagated object in the real-world space as if the object were truly present there. In some embodiments, the energy propagation may be located within the same energy propagation path, but may also be located in the opposite direction. For example, energy emission and energy capture along the energy propagation path are both possible in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating variables related to the stimulation of sensory receptor responses. These variables include surface diagonal 101, surface width 102, surface height 103, determined target seating distance 1 18, target seating viewing field 104 from the center of the display, number of intermediate samples 105 shown herein as a sample between both eyes, average separation distance between the pupils of an adult 106, human eye average resolution in angular minutes 107, horizontal viewing field 108 formed between the target viewer position and the surface width, vertical viewing field 109 formed between the target viewer position and the surface height resulting horizontal waveguide element resolution of the entire surface, or total number of elements 110, resulting vertical waveguide element resolution of the entire surface, or total number of elements 111, interpupillary distance between both eyes, and sample distance 112 based on the number of intermediate samples for the angular projection between both eyes, where angular sampling is based on the sample distance and the target seating distance ​​​​​​​​​Can be produced 113, total horizontal per waveguide element derived from desired angular sampling Resolution 114, total vertical resolution per waveguide element derived from desired angular sampling 1 15. The device horizontal is the count of a determined number of a desired careful energy source, and 116, the device vertical Vertical is the count of a determined number of a desired careful energy source 117.

[0028] The method for understanding the desired minimum resolution is the following criteria for ensuring sufficient stimulation of visual (or other) sensory receptor responses, namely, surface size (e.g., 84 - inch diagonal ), surface aspect ratio (e.g., 16:9), seating distance (e.g., distance 128 inches from the display), seating field of view (e.g., 120 degrees or ±6 0 degrees with respect to the center of the display), a desired intermediate sample at a certain distance (e.g., one additional propagation path between the eyes), the average separation distance between adult eyes (about 65 mm), and the average resolution of the human eye (about 1 angular minute). The values of these examples should be regarded as placeholders according to specific

[0029] application design parameters. Furthermore, each of the values due to the visual sensory receptor can be replaced with other systems to determine the desired propagation path parameters. In the case of other embodiments of energy propagation, it can be considered that the angular sensitivity of the auditory system is as low as 3 degrees, and the

[0030] spatial resolution of the somatosensory system of the hand is as small as 2 - 12 mm. There are various opposing methods for measuring the sharpness of these perceptions, but these values . There are many ways to consider the design resolution, but the methodology proposed below combines practical product considerations with the biological resolution limits of the sensory system. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the following overview simplifies any such system design and should be considered for illustrative purposes only. Once the resolution limits of the sensory system are understood, given the following, the total energy waveguide element density can be calculated such that the receiving sensory system cannot distinguish between a single energy waveguide element and an adjacent element. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the following overview simplifies any such system design and should be considered for illustrative purposes only. Once the resolution limits of the sensory system are understood, given the following, the total energy waveguide element density can be calculated such that the receiving sensory system cannot distinguish between a single energy waveguide element and an adjacent element.

[0031] Once the resolution limits of the sensory system are understood, given the following, the total energy waveguide element density can be calculated such that the receiving sensory system cannot distinguish between a single energy waveguide element and an adjacent element. Once the resolution limits of the sensory system are understood, given the following, the total energy waveguide element density can be calculated such that the receiving sensory system cannot distinguish between a single energy waveguide element and an adjacent element. Once the resolution limits of the sensory system are understood, given the following, the total energy waveguide element density can be calculated such that the receiving sensory system cannot distinguish between a single energy waveguide element and an adjacent element.

Number

[0032] As a result of the above calculation, a field of view of approximately 32×18° is obtained, and approximately 1920×1080 (rounded to the nearest format) energy waveguide elements are desired. Also, the variables can be constrained such that the field of view is compatible with both (u, v) and provides a more regular spatial sampling of the energy positions (e.g., pixel aspect ratio). If the angular sampling of the system is defined between two points at an optimized distance for a target viewing volume position and an additional propagation energy path is assumed, the following is given. As a result of the above calculation, a field of view of approximately 32×18° is obtained, and approximately 1920×1080 (rounded to the nearest format) energy waveguide elements are desired. Also, the variables can be constrained such that the field of view is compatible with both (u, v) and provides a more regular spatial sampling of the energy positions (e.g., pixel aspect ratio). If the angular sampling of the system is defined between two points at an optimized distance for a target viewing volume position and an additional propagation energy path is assumed, the following is given. (u, v) both, and provides a more regular spatial sampling of the energy positions (e.g., pixel aspect ratio). If the angular sampling of the system is defined between two points at an optimized distance for a target viewing volume position and an additional propagation energy path is assumed, the following is given. For example, the pixel aspect ratio), the variables can also be constrained. If the angular sampling of the system is defined between two points at an optimized distance for a target viewing volume position and an additional propagation energy path is assumed, the following is given. If the angular sampling of the system is defined between two points at an optimized distance for a target viewing volume position and an additional propagation energy path is assumed, the following is given. If the angular sampling of the system is defined between two points at an optimized distance for a target viewing volume position and an additional propagation energy path is assumed, the following is given.

Number

[0033] In this case, the interocular distance is utilized to calculate the sample distance, but any scale can be utilized to account for the appropriate number of samples as a given distance. Considering the above variables, approximately 1 ray per 0.57° is desired, and the overall resolution per separate sensory system can be calculated. In this case, the interocular distance is utilized to calculate the sample distance, but any scale can be utilized to account for the appropriate number of samples as a given distance. Considering the above variables, approximately 1 ray per 0.57° is desired, and the overall resolution per separate sensory system can be calculated. In this case, the interocular distance is utilized to calculate the sample distance, but any scale can be utilized to account for the appropriate number of samples as a given distance. Considering the above variables, approximately 1 ray per 0.57° is desired, and the overall resolution per separate sensory system can be calculated. It is given as follows.

Number

[0034] Using the above scenario, when the size of the energy surface and the angular resolution addressed to the vision system are given, the resulting energy surface preferably has an energy resolution position of about 40 0k × 225k pixels, or may include a holographic propagation density of 90 gigapixels. These given variables are for illustrative purposes only and many other sensory and energy metrological considerations should be examined for the optimization of holographic energy propagation. In additional embodiments, an energy resolution position of 1 gigapixel can be determined based on the input variables. In additional embodiments, an energy resolution position of 1, 000 gigapixels can be determined based on the input variables. Limitations of the prior art Active region, device electronics circuitry, packaging, and mechanical envelope Figure 2 shows a device 200 having an active region 220 with a particular mechanical form factor. The device 200 includes a driver 230 and electronics circuitry 240 for power supply and can be connected to the active region 220, which has dimensions as indicated by the x and y arrows. This device 200 does not take into account the cable wiring and mechanical structures for driving the power and cooling components, and the mechanical mounting area can be further minimized by introducing a flexible cable

[0035] Limitations of the prior art Active region, device electronics circuitry, packaging, and mechanical envelope Figure 2 shows a device 200 having an active region 220 with a particular mechanical form factor. The device 200 includes a driver 230 and electronics circuitry 240 for power supply and can be connected to the active region 220, which has dimensions as indicated by the x and y arrows. This device 200 does not take into account the cable wiring and mechanical structures for driving the power and cooling components, and the mechanical mounting area can be further minimized by introducing a flexible cable into the device 200. Also, such a device has dimensions as shown by the x and y arrows. This device 200 does not consider the cable wiring and mechanical structures for driving the power and cooling components, and the mechanical mounting area can be further minimized by introducing a flexible cable into the device 200. into the device 200. Also, such a device into the device 200. Also, such a device The minimum installation area for 200 has dimensions indicated by the arrows of M:x and M:y and may be referred to as the mechanical envelope 210. This device 200 is for illustrative purposes only and while electronic device circuit designs for specific applications may further reduce mechanical envelope overhead in almost all cases, the exact size of the active area of the device cannot be achieved. In one embodiment, this device 200 is associated with an active image area 220 for a micro OLED, DLP chip or LCD panel, or any other technology having an image illumination purpose, to illustrate the dependency of the electronic device circuit on.

[0036] In some embodiments, it may also be possible to consider other projection techniques to aggregate multiple images over a larger display. However, this can result in increased cost due to greater complexity in projection distance, minimum focus, optical quality, uniform field resolution, chromatic aberration, thermal characteristics, calibration, alignment, tracking size, or form factor. For the most practical applications, functioning as a host for dozens or hundreds of these projection sources 200 can result in a less reliable and larger scale design

[0037] For illustrative purposes only, assuming an energy device having an energy position density of 3840×2160 sites the number of individual energy devices (e.g., device 100) desirable for the energy surface can be calculated and given as follows

Number

[0038] ​​​​​Assuming the above resolution considerations, approximately 105×105 devices similar to those shown in FIG. 2 may be desired. Note that a number of devices may consist of various pixel structures that may or may not be mapped in a regular grid. If there are additional sub-pixels or positions within each complete pixel, these may be utilized to generate additional resolution or angular density. Using additional signal processing, a method can be determined to convert the bright field to the correct (u, v) coordinates according to the specified positions of the pixel structure(s), which can become known calibrated explicit characteristics of each device. Further, other energy regions may require different handling of these ratios and device structures, and those skilled in the art will understand the direct inherent relationships between each of the desired frequency domains. This will be shown and considered in more detail in the following disclosure. To understand how many of these individual devices are desirable for generating a maximum resolution energy surface using the resulting calculations. In this case, to achieve the visual threshold, approximately 105×105 devices or approximately 11,080 devices may be desired. There are challenges and novelty in creating a seamless energy surface from these available energy positions for sufficient sensory holographic propagation. Note that a number of devices may consist of various pixel structures that may or may not be mapped in a regular grid. If there are additional sub-pixels or positions within each complete pixel, these may be utilized to generate additional resolution or angular density. Using additional signal processing, a method can be determined to convert the bright field to the correct (u, v) coordinates according to the specified positions of the pixel structure(s), which can become known calibrated explicit characteristics of each device. Further, other energy regions may require different handling of these ratios and device structures, and those skilled in the art will understand the direct inherent relationships between each of the desired frequency domains. This will be shown and considered in more detail in the following disclosure. To understand how many of these individual devices are desirable for generating a maximum resolution energy surface using the resulting calculations. In this case, to achieve the visual threshold, approximately 105×105 devices or approximately 11,080 devices may be desired. There are challenges and novelty in creating a seamless energy surface from these available energy positions for sufficient sensory holographic propagation. This will be shown and considered in more detail in the following disclosure.

[0039] To understand how many of these individual devices are desirable for generating a maximum resolution energy surface using the resulting calculations. In this case, to achieve the visual threshold, approximately 105×105 devices or approximately 11,080 devices may be desired. There are challenges and novelty in creating a seamless energy surface from these available energy positions for sufficient sensory holographic propagation. This will be shown and considered in more detail in the following disclosure. To understand how many of these individual devices are desirable for generating a maximum resolution energy surface using the resulting calculations.

[0040] Overview of Seamless Energy Surface Configuration and Design of Energy Relay Arrays In some embodiments, an approach is disclosed to address the challenge of generating a high energy position density from a seamless array of individual devices due to mechanical structure constraints of the devices. To understand how many of these individual devices are desirable for generating a maximum resolution energy surface using the resulting calculations. In one embodiment, an energy propagation relay system enables the effective size of the active device region to increase to meet or exceed the mechanical dimensions, forming an array of relays and enabling a single seamless energy plane to be formed.

[0041] FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of such an energy relay system 300. As shown in the figure , the relay system 300 includes a device 310 mounted on a mechanical envelope 320 , and an energy relay element 330 propagates energy from the device 310. The relay element 330 is configured to provide the ability to reduce any gaps 340 that may occur when a number of mechanical envelopes 320 of the devices are arranged in an array of a number of devices 310 .

[0042] For example, if the active area 310 of the device is 20 mm × 10 mm and the mechanical envelope 32 0 is 40 mm × 20 mm, the energy relay element 330 is designed at a magnification of 2:1 to create a tapered shape that is approximately 20 mm × 10 mm at the small end (arrow A) and 40 mm × 20 mm at the enlarged end (arrow B), and can provide the ability to seamlessly align an array of these elements 330 together without changing or colliding the mechanical envelopes 320 of each device 310 . Mechanically, the relay elements 330 can be joined or fused together, aligned while ensuring a minimum seam gap 340 between the devices 310 , and polished. In such an embodiment, it is possible to achieve a seam gap 340 that is smaller than the visual acuity limit of the eye.

[0043] ​​​​Figure 4 shows an example of a base structure 400 that is formed together and securely fixed to an additional mechanical structure 430, having an energy relay element 410. The seamless energy surface 420 of the mechanical structure provides the function of coupling a plurality of energy relay elements 410, 450 in series to the same base structure through a joining or other mechanical process for mounting the relay elements 410, 450. In some embodiments, each relay element 410 may be attached together by being fused, joined, adhered, press-fitted, aligned, or otherwise, to form the resulting seamless energy surface 420. In some embodiments, the device 480 may be mounted at the rear of the relay element 410 and passively or actively aligned to ensure alignment at an appropriate energy position within a determined tolerance range. In one embodiment, the seamless energy surface comprises one or more energy positions, and one or more energy relay element stacks each having first and second sides are arranged to form a single seamless display surface that directs energy along a propagation path extending between the one or more energy positions and the seamless display surface, where the end-to-end distance between any two adjacent second sides of the terminal energy relay elements is less than the minimum perceptible profile as defined by human visual acuity better than 20 / 40 vision at a distance greater than the width of the single seamless display surface. In one embodiment, each of the seamless energy surfaces has a lateral and longitudinal orientation.

[0044]

[0045] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​One or more energy relay elements each having one or more structures forming first and second surfaces. The first relay surface has a region different from the second relay surface that results in a positive or negative magnification, and passes energy through the second relay surface so as to substantially fill an angle of ± 10 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface profile across the entire second relay surface. Both the first and second relay surfaces are configured with an apparent surface profile.

[0046] In one embodiment, a plurality of energy regions can be configured within a single energy relay or between a plurality of energy relays so as to direct one or more sensory holographic energy propagation paths including visual, auditory, tactile, or other energy regions.

[0047] In one embodiment, a seamless energy surface is composed of an energy relay including two or more first sides with respect to each second side so as to receive and emit one or more energy regions simultaneously and provide bidirectional energy propagation across the entire system.

[0048] In one embodiment, the energy relay is provided as a soft coherent element.

[0049] Introduction of Component Design Structures Disclosed Advancements in Transverse Anderson Localized Energy Relays The properties of the energy relay may be significantly optimized according to the principles disclosed herein for energy relay elements that induce transverse Anderson localization. Transverse Anderson localization is the transport of light through a material that is disordered in the transverse direction but coherent in the longitudinal direction. ​​​​​​​​​​​​ It is the propagation of light.

[0050] This means that the influence of the material causing Anderson localization phenomenon is less susceptible to total internal reflection than to the randomization between multiple scattering paths, while the interference of waves can completely restrict the lateral propagation and continue the longitudinal propagation. ... while the interference of waves can completely restrict the lateral propagation and continue the longitudinal propagation. ... than to the randomization between multiple scattering paths, while the interference of waves can completely restrict the lateral propagation and continue the longitudinal propagation.

[0051] An even more important advantage is that... ... this cladding can functionally remove the scattering of energy between fibers, but at the same time... ... it functions as a barrier to light energy, thereby reducing the transmission by at least the core-to-cladding ratio... ... (for example, at a core-to-cladding ratio of 70:30, a maximum of 70% of the received energy transmission can be transmitted), and further... ... it forms a strong pixelated patterning within the propagated energy. ... it forms a strong pixelated patterning within the propagated energy.

[0052] Figure 5A shows an end view of an example of such a non-Anderson localization energy relay 500, where the image is relayed through a multi-core optical fiber that can be pixelated due to the inherent characteristics of the optical fiber and where fiber noise can appear. ... where the image is relayed through a multi-core optical fiber that can be pixelated due to the inherent characteristics of the optical fiber and where fiber noise can appear. ... where the image is relayed through a multi-core optical fiber that can be pixelated due to the inherent characteristics of the optical fiber and where fiber noise can appear. ... Using conventional multi-mode and multi-core optical fibers, the relayed image can be essentially pixelated due to the total internal reflection characteristics of discrete air cores, where any inter-core cross-talk will reduce the modulation transfer function and increase the blurring of the contour. ... Using conventional multi-mode and multi-core optical fibers, the relayed image can be essentially pixelated due to the total internal reflection characteristics of discrete air cores, where any inter-core cross-talk will reduce the modulation transfer function and increase the blurring of the contour. ... Using conventional multi-mode and multi-core optical fibers, the relayed image can be essentially pixelated due to the total internal reflection characteristics of discrete air cores, where any inter-core cross-talk will reduce the modulation transfer function and increase the blurring of the contour. ... The image resulting from using conventional multi-core optical fibers tends to have a residual fixed noise fiber pattern similar to that shown in Figure 5A. ... The image resulting from using conventional multi-core optical fibers tends to have a residual fixed noise fiber pattern similar to that shown in Figure 5A.

[0053] Figure 5B shows passing through an energy relay containing a material exhibiting the characteristics of transverse Anderson localization An example of the same relay image 550 is shown, where the relay pattern has a higher density of particle structure compared to the fixed fiber pattern of Figure 5A. In one embodiment, a relay containing a randomized micro-component processing structure induces transverse Anderson localization and transports light more effectively with a resolvable resolution of propagation higher than that of a commercially available multimode glass optical fiber

[0054] In one embodiment, a relay element exhibiting transverse Anderson localization contains a plurality of at least two different component design structures in each of three mutually orthogonal planes arranged in a one-dimensional lattice, and the plurality of structures form a randomized distribution of material wave propagation characteristics in the transverse plane within the one-dimensional lattice and a similar channel of values of the wave propagation characteristics of the material in the longitudinal plane within the one-dimensional lattice, where the energy wave propagating through the energy relay has a higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation relative to the transverse orientation and is spatially localized in the transverse direction orientation

[0055] In one embodiment, the randomized distribution of the material wave propagation characteristics in the transverse plane within the one-dimensional lattice can lead to an undesirable configuration due to the randomized nature of the distribution. The randomized distribution of the material wave propagation characteristics can induce Anderson localization of energy on average across the transverse plane, but as a result of an uncontrolled random distribution it can accidentally form limited regions of similar material wave propagation characteristics. For example, if the size of these local regions of similar wave propagation characteristics is too large relative to their intended energy transport domain ​​​​​If so, there may be a potential reduction in the efficiency of energy transport through that material.

[0056] In one embodiment, the relay induces lateral Anderson localization of light to transport visible light in a specific wavelength range and can be formed from a randomized distribution of component design structures. However, due to their random distribution, the structures may be arranged accidentally so as to form a continuous region of a single component design structure that is several times larger than the wavelength of visible light across the lateral plane. As a result, visible light propagating along the longitudinal axis of a large continuous single material region may experience a reduction in the lateral Anderson localization effect and may also suffer from a deterioration in transport efficiency through the relay.

[0057] In one embodiment, it may be desirable to design an ordered distribution of the material wave propagation characteristics in the lateral plane of the energy relay material. Such an ordered distribution ideally induces an energy localization effect through a method similar to lateral Anderson localization, while minimizing the potential reduction in transport efficiency due to irregularly distributed material characteristics that essentially result from a random characteristic distribution. Hereinafter, the use of an ordered distribution of material wave propagation characteristics to induce a lateral energy localization effect similar to the effect of lateral Anderson localization in the energy relay element

[0058] is referred to as ordered energy localization. In one embodiment, a plurality of energy regions are directed to one or more sensory holographic energy propagation paths including visual, auditory, tactile, or other energy regions within a single Between the energy relays can be configured.

[0059] In one embodiment, the seamless energy surface comprises receiving and The system simultaneously receives and releases energy, providing bidirectional energy transfer throughout the system. and providing an ordering energy distribution having two or more first sides for each second side. It consists of a localized energy relay.

[0060] In one embodiment, the ordered energy localization energy relay is a loosely coherent The device may be configured as a passive element or a flexible energy relay element.

[0061] Considerations on 4D plenoptic functions Selective propagation of energy through holographic waveguide arrays As discussed above and throughout this specification, bright field display systems The system generally consists of an energy source (e.g., a lighting source) and, as clearly indicated in the above discussion, It contains a seamless energy surface with sufficient energy position density to Using a relay element, energy is relayed from the energy device to the seamless energy surface. Once the energy is in a seamless state with the required energy location density, When delivered to the target surface, the energy is guided through the disclosed energy waveguide system in a 4D As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the 4D pre- Noptic functions are well known in the art and will not be discussed in further detail here. stomach.

[0062] The energy waveguide system represents the angular component of the 4D plenoptic function together with a structure configured to change the angular direction of an energy wave passing therethrough selectively propagate energy along a seamless energy surface representing the spatial coordinates of a 4D plenoptic function through a plurality of energy positions, where the propagated energy waves can converge in space along a plurality of propagation paths directed by the 4D plenoptic function. In one embodiment, the energy propagation paths can be defined by 4D coordinates comprising 2D spatial coordinates and 2D tilt coordinates . In one embodiment, the plurality of energy propagation paths defined by the 4D coordinates can be described by a 4D energy field function .

[0063] Referring now to FIG. 6, which shows an example of a bright-field energy surface in a 4D image space according to a 4D plenoptic function. This figure illustrates one embodiment of a ray tracing of the energy surface 600 to a viewer 620 in explaining how energy rays converge in space 630 from various positions within the viewing volume . As shown in the figure, each waveguide element 610 defines four-dimensional information that describes an energy propagation 640 through the energy surface 600 . The two spatial dimensions (referred to herein as x and y) are a plurality of physical energy positions observable within the image space, as well as the angular components θ and φ (referred to herein as u and v), which are observable in a virtual space when projected through an energy waveguide array . Typically, and according to the 4D plenoptic function, a plurality of waveguides (e.g., microlenses) form the holographic or bright-field viewing system described herein along directions defined by the u, v angular components in the x, y dimensions . ​​​​​​can be directed from a virtual space to a specific position within the virtual space.

[0064] However, those skilled in the art will recognize that important issues related to brightfield and holographic display technologies include diffraction, scattering, diffusion, angular direction, calibration, focus, collimation, curvature, uniformity, pixel cross-talk, as well as decreasing effective resolution and a number of other parameters that can contribute to an inability to accurately converge energy precisely and very faithfully, resulting in uncontrolled energy propagation due to designs that do not accurately account for any of these parameters.

[0065] In one embodiment, an approach to selective energy propagation to address issues related to holographic displays can include substantially filling an aperture of a waveguide with substantially parallel energy within an environment defined by an energy suppression element and a 4D plenoptic function.

[0066] In one embodiment, an array of energy waveguides defines a plurality of energy propagation paths configured to extend through each waveguide element and is suppressed by one or more elements positioned to limit the propagation of each energy position to only pass through a single waveguide element, substantially filling the effective aperture of the waveguide elements in a unique direction defined by a predetermined 4D function for a plurality of energy positions along a seamless energy surface.

[0067] In one embodiment, a plurality of energy regions are configured within a single energy waveguide or between a number of energy waveguides and include visual, auditory, tactile, or other energy regions. ​​​It may be directed towards one or more sensory holographic energy propagations.

[0068] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide and seamless energy surface are configured to provide bidirectional energy propagation across the entire system by receiving and emitting both of one or more energy regions.

[0069] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide is configured to propagate a non-linear or irregular energy distribution, the energy distribution including non-transmitting void regions, and utilizing similar waveguide configurations for any seamless energy surface orientation including digital encoding, diffraction, refraction, reflection, Green, holographic, Fresnel, or walls, tables, floors, ceilings, rooms, or other geometry-based environments. In a further embodiment, the energy waveguide elements may be configured to generate various shapes that provide any surface profile and / or desktop view that enables a user to view holographic images from all perimeters of the energy surface in a 360-degree configuration.

[0070] In one embodiment, the energy wave guide array elements may be reflective surfaces, and their arrangement may be hexagonal, square, irregular, semi-regular, curved, non-planar, spherical, cylindrical, tilted regular, tilted irregular, spatially varying, and / or multi-layered.

[0071] For any component within the seamless energy surface, waveguide or relay components may include, but are not limited to, optical fibers, silicon, glass, polymers, optical relays, diffraction, holographic, refraction, or reflection elements, optical faceplates, ​​​​ Nergy couplers, beam splitters, prisms, polarization elements, spatial light modulators, active pixels , liquid crystal cells, transparent displays, or any similar materials exhibiting Anderson localization or total internal reflection can be mentioned.

[0072] Realization of a holodeck Integration of a bidirectional seamless energy -surface system for stimulating human sensory receptors within a holographic environment Tiling, fusing, joining, attaching, and / or stitching together a number of seamless energy surfaces to form a large-scale environment of a seamless energy surface system of any size, shape, contour, or form factor including the entire room is possible. Each energy surface system can comprise an assembly having a base structure, energy surfaces, relays, waveguides, devices, and electronic circuitry collectively configured for bidirectional holographic energy propagation, emission, reflection, or sensing. In one embodiment, the environment of the tiled seamless energy system forms a large, seamless flat or curved

[0073] plane or curved wall including facilities configured to cover all surfaces within a given environment. It is configured as an arbitrary combination of seamless, discontinuous, cut, curved, cylindrical, spherical, geometric, or irregular shapes. In one embodiment, the integrated tiles of the flat surface form a wall-sized system for theater or venue-based holographic

[0074] entertainment. In one embodiment, the integrated tiles of the flat surface include both the ceiling and the floor for a cave-based holographic facility. In one embodiment, the integrated tiles of the flat surface form a wall-sized system for theater or venue-based holographic entertainment. In one embodiment, the integrated tiles of the flat surface include both the ceiling and the floor for a cave-based holographic facility. Cover rooms with 4 to 6 walls. In one embodiment, the aggregated tiles of the curved surface generate a cylindrical seamless environment for immersive holographic equipment. In one embodiment , the aggregated tiles of the seamless spherical surface are holograms for an immersive holodeck-based experience generate an ic dome.

[0075] In one embodiment, the aggregated tiles of the seamless curved energy waveguide provide mechanical edges according to an accurate pattern along the boundaries of the energy suppression elements within the energy waveguide structure, adhere, align, or even fuse the adjacent tile-shaped mechanical edges of the adjacent waveguide surfaces to result in a modular seamless energy waveguide system.

[0076] In a further embodiment of the aggregated tile-shaped environment, energy is propagated bidirectionally with respect to a plurality of simultaneous energy regions. In additional embodiments, the energy plane is designed such that brightfield data can be projected through the waveguide by a light source and simultaneously received through the same energy plane, and the ability to simultaneously display and capture from the same energy plane using waveguides designed for this purpose is provided. In further embodiments, depth sensing and active scanning techniques are further utilized to enable accurate energy propagation within world coordinates and interaction between the viewer. In additional embodiments , the energy plane and waveguides are operable to emit, reflect, or converge frequencies to induce tactile or volumetric tactile feedback. In some embodiments , any combination of bidirectional energy propagation and aggregated surfaces is possible.

[0077] In one embodiment, the system provides at least To pair at least two energy devices, an energy coupler for two or more paths and through an energy surface having one or more energy devices paired independently, en ergy waveguide capable of bidirectional emission and detection of energy is provided, or one or more energy devices are fixed to an additional component fixed to the base structure behind the energy surface, proximate to the component, or axially outside and directly or in proximity to positions in front of and outside the waveguide for reflective projection or sensing, such that the resulting energy surface enables the waveguide to converge energy, the first device to emit energy, and the second device to detect energy, where information is processed to perform tasks related to computer vision including, but not limited to, 4D pre - optic tracking or sensing by the eye and retina of interference in the propagated energy pattern, depth prediction, proximity, motion tracking, image, color or sound formation, or other energy frequency analysis. In a further embodiment, the tracked position actively calculates and corrects the position of the energy based on the interference between the bidirectional capture data and the projection information.

[0078] In some embodiments, multiple combinations of three energy devices including ultrasonic sensors, visible electromagnetic displays, and ultrasonic emitting devices are configured such that the processing characteristics specific to the energy region of each device, and that ultrasonic and electromagnetic energy are each directed and converged separately by other waveguide elements configured for the separate energy regions and are substantially unaffected by them. ​​​​​​​​​Each of the three first surfaces, including the sub-, is configured together with each of the three first relay surfaces that propagate the combined energy into a single second energy relay surface configured together with each of the three first relay surfaces that propagate the combined energy Thereof.

[0079] In some embodiments, a dedicated integrated system is used to convert data into calibration information suitable for energy propagation based on encoding / decoding techniques and a calibrated configuration file, and a calibration procedure is disclosed that enables efficient manufacturing to remove system artifacts and generate a geometric mapping of the resulting energy surface configured together with each of the three first relay surfaces that propagate the combined energy using to enable efficient manufacturing to remove system artifacts and generate a geometric mapping of the resulting energy surface Thereof.

[0080] In some embodiments, a series of additional energy waveguides and one or more energy devices are integrated into one system to generate ambiguous holographic pixels Thereof. Thereof.

[0081] In some embodiments, additional waveguide elements, including energy suppression elements, beam splitters, prisms, active parallax barriers, or polarization techniques, can be integrated to provide a spatial resolution and / or angular resolution greater than the diameter of the waveguide, or for other super-resolution purposes Thereof. Thereof. Thereof.

[0082] In some embodiments, the disclosed energy system can also be configured as a wearable bi-directional device such as virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR). In other embodiments, the energy system may include an adjustment optical element(s) for focusing the displayed or received energy proximate to a determined plane within the space for the viewer Thereof. Thereof. Thereof. In some embodiments, the waveguide array is a holographic head-mounted It may be incorporated into a display. In other embodiments, the system may include a number of optical paths that enable a viewer to see both the energy -system and the real-world environment (e.g., a transparent holographic display). In these examples, the system may be presented as a near field in addition to other ways. In some embodiments, the transmission of data involves receiving any dataset of information and metadata, analyzing the dataset, receiving or allocating new pixel data that forms a sparser dataset such as material properties, vectors, surface IDs, and performing an encoding process with a selectable or variable compression ratio, where the received data may include 2D, stereoscopic, multi-view, metadata, bright field, holographic, geometric shapes, vectors or

[0083] vectorized metadata, and the encoder / decoder is capable of converting real-time or offline data including 2D, 2D plus depth, metadata, or other vectorized information, stereoscopic, stereoscopic plus depth, metadata or other vectorized information, multi-view, multi-view plus depth, or other vectorized information, holographic, or bright field content, with or without depth metadata, through a depth estimation algorithm, and the backlight ray tracing method appropriately maps the converted data generated by backlight ray tracing from various 2D, stereoscopic, multi-view, volumetric, bright field, or holographic data via a characterized 4D plenoptic function to real-world coordinates. In these embodiments, the desired total data transmission can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the unprocessed bright field dataset. vectorized metadata, and the encoder / decoder is capable of converting real-time or offline data including 2D, 2D plus depth, metadata, or other vectorized information, stereoscopic, stereoscopic plus depth, metadata or other vectorized information, multi-view, multi-view plus depth, or other vectorized information, holographic, or bright field content, with or without depth metadata, through a depth estimation algorithm, and the backlight ray tracing method appropriately maps the converted data generated by backlight ray tracing from various 2D, stereoscopic, multi-view, volumetric, bright field, or holographic data via a characterized 4D plenoptic function to real-world coordinates. In these embodiments, the desired total data transmission can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the unprocessed bright field dataset. The backlight ray tracing method may provide the ability to convert data through a depth estimation algorithm, and the backlight ray tracing method appropriately maps the converted data generated by backlight ray tracing from various 2D, stereoscopic, multi-view, volumetric, bright field, or holographic data via a characterized 4D plenoptic function to real-world coordinates. In these embodiments, the desired total data transmission can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the unprocessed bright field dataset. or holographic data via a characterized 4D plenoptic function to real-world coordinates. In these embodiments, the desired total data transmission can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the unprocessed bright field dataset. In these embodiments, the desired total data transmission can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the unprocessed bright field dataset. The transmitted information can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the unprocessed bright field dataset.

[0084] FIG. 61 illustrates an energy propagation path 9108 operable to define a plurality of energy propagation paths 9108. 9 illustrates a top perspective view of one embodiment of a waveguide system 9100. The system 9100 includes an array of energy waveguides 9106 along multiple energy propagation paths 9108. 112. An array of energy waveguides configured to direct energy through the 9112. In one embodiment, the plurality of energy propagation paths 9108 comprises a first A second side 9114 of the array through a plurality of energy locations 9118 on one side 9116. It extends to.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 61, in one embodiment, a first sub-sub-energy path 9108 The first energy waveguide 9122 extends through the first energy location 9122. 9104 is a first energy propagation path of a first subset of the plurality of energy propagation paths 9108. The first energy transmitter is configured to direct energy along a propagation path 9120. The propagation path 9120 includes a first energy location 9122 and a first energy waveguide 9104. The first energy propagation path may be defined by a first chief ray 9138 formed between the first energy propagation path and the second energy propagation path. The waveguide 9120 is between the first energy location 9122 and the first energy waveguide 9104. 9120A and 9120B, respectively. Including light rays 9138A and 9138B directed by energy waveguide 9104. The first energy propagation path 9120 is a path from the first energy waveguide 9104 to The first energy may extend toward a second side 9114 of the array. The energy directed along the propagation path 9120 is such that the first principal ray 9138 is substantially parallel to the direction in which the energy propagates through the second side 9114, and is directed through the first energy waveguide 910 4 along the energy propagation paths 9120A and 9120B, which include one or more energy propagation paths between or including these.

[0086] In an embodiment, the energy directed along the first energy propagation path 9120 can be configured to exit the first energy waveguide 9104 in a direction substantially parallel to the energy propagation paths 9120A and 9120B and the first principal ray 9138. The energy propagation path extending through the energy waveguide element 9112 of the second side 9114 can be assumed to comprise a plurality of energy propagation paths in substantially similar propagation directions.

[0087] FIG. 62 is a front illustrative view of an embodiment of an energy waveguide system 9100. The first energy propagation path 9120 can extend in a unique direction 9208 extending from the first energy waveguide 9104 towards the second side 911 4 of the array 9112 shown in FIG. 61, the unique direction being determined at least by the first energy position 9122. The first energy waveguide 9104 can be defined by spatial coordinates 9204, and the unique direction 9208 determined at least by the first energy position 9122 can be defined by angular coordinates 9206 that define the direction of the first energy propagation path 9120. The spatial coordinates 9204 and the angular coordinates 9206 can form a four-dimensional plenoptic coordinate set 9210 that defines the unique direction 9208 of the first energy propagation path 9120. ​ It exists.

[0088] In one embodiment, the energy directed along the first energy propagation path 9120 through the first energy waveguide 9104 fills substantially the first opening 9134 of the first energy waveguide 9104 and is located between the energy propagation path 9120A and the energy propagation path 91 20B, and propagates along one or more energy propagation paths parallel to the direction of the first energy propagation path 9120. In one embodiment, the one or more energy propagation paths that substantially fill the first opening 9134 have a diameter exceeding 50% of the diameter of the first opening 9134. In one embodiment, the array of waveguides 9100 can be arranged to form a display wall. In one embodiment, the energy directed along the first energy propagation path 9120 through the first energy waveguide 9104 that substantially fills the first opening 9134 can have a diameter of 50% to 80% of the diameter of the first opening 9134. Referring back to FIG. 61, in one embodiment, the energy waveguide system 9100 further includes an energy suppression element 9124 positioned to limit the propagation of energy between the first side 9116 and the second side edge 9114 and to suppress the energy propagation between adjacent waveguides 9112. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element is configured to suppress the energy propagation along a portion of a first subset of the plurality of energy propagation paths 108 that do not extend through the first opening 9134. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 9124 is at the first side 9116, between the array of energy waveguides 9112 and the plurality of energy It can be installed.

[0089] In one embodiment, the energy directed along the first energy propagation path 9120 through the first energy waveguide 9104 that substantially fills the first opening 9134 is the first opening 9134 can have a diameter of 50% to 80%.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 61 again, in one embodiment, the energy waveguide system 9100 limits the propagation of energy between the first side 9116 and the second side edge 9114 and is positioned to suppress the energy propagation between adjacent waveguides 9112. The energy suppression element 9124 can be further provided. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element is configured to suppress the energy propagation along a portion of a first subset of the plurality of energy propagation paths 108 that do not extend through the first opening 9134. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 9124 is along a portion of a first subset of the plurality of energy propagation paths 108 that do not extend through the first opening 9134. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 9124 is on the first side 9116, between the array of energy waveguides 9112 and the plurality of energy It can be arranged between the energy position 9118. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 9124 is on the second side surface 9114 and can be arranged between the plurality of energy positions 9118 and the energy propagation path 910 8. In one embodiment, the energy suppression element 9124 is on the first side surface 9116 or the second side surface 9114 and can be arranged orthogonally to the array of energy waveguides 9112 or the plurality of energy positions 9118.

[0091] In one embodiment, the energy directed along the first energy propagation path 9120 is convergent with the energy directed along the second energy propagation path 9126 passing through the second energy waveguide 9128. The first and second energy propagation paths can converge at the position 9130 of the second side surface 9114 of the array 91 12. In one embodiment, the third energy propagation path 9140 and the fourth energy propagation path 9141 can also converge at the position 9132 of the first side surface 9116 of the array 9112 . In one embodiment, the fifth energy propagation path 9142 and the sixth energy propagation path 9143 can also converge at the position 9136 between the first side surface 9116 and the second side surface 9114 of the array 9112 .

[0092] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide system 9100 includes structures configured to change the angular direction of the energy passing through it, such as refractive elements, diffractive elements, reflective elements, refractive index distribution type elements, holographic elements, or other optical elements, structures with at least one aperture number, structures configured to redirect energy from at least one inner surface, optical relays, and others, etc., and can include structures for directing energy. Guide The wave path 9112 a) refraction, diffraction, or reflection, b) single-layer or composite multilayer elements, c) holographic optical elements and digital encoded optical systems, d) 3D printed elements, or lithographic masters or replicas, e) Fresnel lenses, diffraction gratings, zone plates, binary optical elements, f) retroreflective elements, g) optical fibers, total internal reflection, or Anderson localization, h) refractive index profile optical systems, or various refractive index matching materials, i) glass, polymers, gases, solids, liquids, j) acoustic waveguides, k) micro- and nanoscale elements, or l) bidirectional energy directing structures such as polarization, prisms, or beam splitters It should be recognized that it may include any one of these or combinations thereof

[0093] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide system propagates energy bidirectionally.

[0094] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide is configured for the propagation of mechanical energy in the form of sound waves

[0095] In one embodiment, the energy waveguide is configured for the propagation of electromagnetic energy

[0096] In one embodiment, within one or more structures within the energy waveguide element, and by engaging appropriate material properties, layering, reflecting, combining, or otherwise supplying within one or more layers including the energy waveguide system, the energy ​​​​A waveguide is configured to simultaneously propagate mechanical, electromagnetic, and / or other forms of energy. It is configured as follows.

[0097] In one embodiment, an energy waveguide propagates energy having different ratios for u and v, respectively, within a 4D coordinate system. It propagates energy having different ratios for u and v, respectively, within a 4D coordinate system.

[0098] In one embodiment, an energy waveguide uses an anamorphic function to propagate energy. In one embodiment, an energy waveguide includes a plurality of elements along an energy propagation path. It uses an anamorphic function to propagate energy. In one embodiment, an energy waveguide includes a plurality of elements along an energy propagation path. It includes a plurality of elements along an energy propagation path.

[0099] In one embodiment, an energy waveguide is formed directly from an optical fiber relay polished surface. It is formed directly from an optical fiber relay polished surface.

[0100] In one embodiment, an energy waveguide system includes a material exhibiting transverse Anderson localization. It includes a material exhibiting transverse Anderson localization. In one embodiment, an energy waveguide system propagates hypersonic frequencies to converge a tactile sensation within a three-dimensional space. It propagates hypersonic frequencies to converge a tactile sensation within a three-dimensional space.

[0101] In one embodiment, an array of energy waveguide elements includes: a) hexagonal packing of an array of energy waveguides, b) square packing of an array of energy waveguides, c) irregular or semi-regular packing of an array of energy waveguides, d) curved or non-planar array of energy waveguides, e) spherical array of energy waveguides, f) cylindrical array of energy waveguides, g) inclined regular array of energy waveguides, h) inclined irregular array of energy waveguides, i) spatially varying array of energy waveguides, j) may include a multilayer array of energy waveguides.

[0102] Restriction of Anderson localization materials and introduction of ordered energy localization The Anderson localization principle was introduced in the 1950s, but it was only recently with technological breakthroughs in materials and processes that it became possible to actually study this principle in optical transport. Transverse Anderson localization is a wave propagation where waves are transported without diffusing in the transverse plane through a material that is irregular in the transverse direction but invariant in the longitudinal direction.

[0103] In the prior art, transverse Anderson localization was observed through experiments in which optical fiber faceplates were fabricated by wire-drawing millions of individual strands of optical fibers with different refractive indices (RIs) that were randomly mixed and fused together. When an input beam is scanned across one of the surfaces of the faceplate, the output beam on the opposite surface follows the transverse position of the input beam. Since Anderson localization exhibits the absence of wave diffusion in an irregular medium, some basic physics is different from the case compared with optical fiber relays. This means that the effect of the optical fiber causing the Anderson localization phenomenon is less affected by total reflection than by randomization between multiple scattering paths that can completely restrict transverse propagation while continuing wave interference in the longitudinal path. In addition to this concept, it is introduced herein that an ordered distribution of material wave propagation characteristics can be used instead of a randomized distribution in the transverse plane of the energy transport device. Such an ordered distribution is referred to herein as ordered energy localization in the transverse plane of the device. can induce something. This ordered energy localization reduces the occurrence of grouped localization of similar material properties, which can occur due to the nature of the random distribution and acts to reduce the overall efficiency of energy transport through the device. In one embodiment, when measured by the optical modulation transfer function (MTF), the ordered energy localization material may be capable of transporting light with a contrast equal to or greater than that of the highest quality commercially available multimode glass image fiber. Using multimode and multicore optical fibers, the MTF will decrease and the blur will increase due to any crosstalk between the cores. Due to the total reflection characteristics of the individual array of cores, the relayed image will be essentially pixelated. As shown in Figure 5A, the image obtained using a multicore optical fiber tends to have a residual fixed noise fiber pattern. In contrast, Figure 5B illustrates the same relayed image through an example of a material sample exhibiting ordered energy localization similar to the transverse Anderson localization principle, where the noise pattern appears much more particulate-like than the fixed fiber pattern. Another advantage of the optical relay exhibiting the ordered energy localization phenomenon is that it can be fabricated from polymer materials, resulting in reduced cost and weight. Generally, similar optical grade materials made of glass or other similar materials can cost more than 100 times that of the same sized materials produced from polymers. Furthermore, considering that most of the density of the material is air and other lightweight plastics, the polymer relay optical system

[0104] In one embodiment, when measured by the optical modulation transfer function (MTF), the ordered energy localization material may be capable of transporting light with a contrast equal to or greater than that of the highest quality commercially available multimode glass image fiber. Using multimode and multi core optical fibers, the MTF will decrease and the blur will increase due to any crosstalk between the cores. Due to the total reflection characteristics of the individual array of cores, the relayed image will be essentially pixelated. As shown in Figure 5A, the image obtained using a multicore optical fiber tends to have a residual fixed noise fiber pattern. In contrast, Figure 5B illustrates the same relayed image through an example of a material sample exhibiting ordered energy localization similar to the transverse Anderson localization principle, where the noise pattern appears much more particulate-like than the fixed fiber pattern. Another advantage of the optical relay exhibiting the ordered energy localization phenomenon is that it can be fabricated from polymer materials, resulting in reduced cost and weight. Generally, similar optical grade materials made of glass or other similar materials can cost more than 100 times that of the same sized materials produced from polymers. Furthermore, considering that most of the density of the material is air and other lightweight plastics, the polymer relay optical system In one embodiment, when measured by the optical modulation transfer function (MTF), the ordered energy localization material may be capable of transporting light with a contrast equal to or greater than that of the highest quality commercially available multimode glass image fiber. Using multimode and multi core optical fibers, the MTF will decrease and the blur will increase due to any crosstalk between the cores. Due to the total reflection characteristics of the individual array of cores, the relayed image will be essentially pixelated. As shown in Figure 5A, the image obtained using a multicore optical fiber tends to have a residual fixed noise fiber pattern. In contrast, Figure 5B illustrates the same relayed image through an example of a material sample exhibiting ordered energy localization similar to the transverse Anderson localization principle, where the noise pattern appears much more particulate-like than the fixed fiber pattern. Another advantage of the optical relay exhibiting the ordered energy localization phenomenon is that it can be fabricated from polymer materials, resulting in reduced cost and weight. Generally, similar optical grade materials made of glass or other similar materials can cost more than 100 times that of the same sized materials produced from polymers. Furthermore, considering that most of the density of the material is air and other lightweight plastics, the polymer relay optical system In one embodiment, when measured by the optical modulation transfer function (MTF), the ordered energy localization material may be capable of transporting light with a contrast equal to or greater than that of the highest quality commercially available multimode glass image fiber. Using multimode and multi

[0105] Another advantage of the optical relay exhibiting the ordered energy localization phenomenon is that it can be fabricated from polymer materials, resulting in reduced cost and weight. Generally, similar optical grade materials made of glass or other similar materials can cost more than 100 times that of the same sized materials produced from polymers. Furthermore, considering that most of the density of the material is air and other lightweight plastics, the polymer relay optical system In one embodiment, when measured by the optical modulation transfer function (MTF), the ordered energy localization material may be capable of transporting light with a contrast equal to or greater than that of the highest quality commercially available multimode glass image fiber. Using multimode and multi core optical fibers, the MTF will decrease and the blur will increase due to any crosstalk between the cores. Due to the total reflection characteristics of the individual array of cores, the relayed image will be essentially pixelated. As shown in Figure 5A, the image obtained using a multicore optical fiber tends to have a residual fixed noise fiber pattern. In contrast, Figure 5B illustrates the same relayed image through an example of a material sample exhibiting ordered energy localization similar to the transverse Anderson localization principle, where the noise pattern appears much more particulate-like than the fixed fiber pattern. Another advantage of the optical relay exhibiting the ordered energy localization phenomenon is that it can be fabricated from polymer materials, resulting in reduced cost and weight. Generally, similar optical grade materials made of glass or other similar materials can cost more than 100 times that of the same sized materials produced from polymers. Furthermore, considering that most of the density of the material is air and other lightweight plastics, the polymer relay optical system The weight can be reduced by 10 to 100 times. To avoid doubt, even if it does not meet the cost and weight suggestions of the above , any material exhibiting Anderson localization characteristics or the ordered energy localization characteristics described in this specification may be included in the present disclosure. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the above suggestions are the only embodiments that are useful in themselves for the important commercial feasibility excluded by similar glass products. An additional advantage is that the clad portion of the optical fiber may not be required for the ordered energy localization to function, and that clad portion is necessary in the case of conventional multi-core optical fibers to prevent light scattering between the fibers, but at the same time blocks a portion of the light rays, thus reducing the transmission by at least the core-to-clad ratio (e.g., a 70:30 core-to-clad ratio transmits only 70% of the received light intensity at best). Another advantage is the ability to produce a number of smaller components that can be joined or fused seamlessly because the material has essentially no edges in the conventional sense, and the joining of any two pieces results in a single piece component that is almost the same as combining two or more pieces together in a process for combining the pieces. For large-scale applications, this is a significant advantage over the ability to manufacture without large-scale capital equipment or mold costs, providing the ability to produce a single piece of material that would otherwise be impossible by other means. Conventional plastic optical fibers have some of these advantages, but generally still require a certain degree of seam line at a distance due to the clad portion.

[0106]

[0107] ​​​​This disclosure includes a method of manufacturing a material that exhibits an ordered energy localization phenomenon. One or more construct block components (CESs) are used to construct a relay for electromagnetic energy , acoustic energy, or other types of energy. The term CES refers to a construct block component having specific design properties (EPs) including, but not limited to, the type , size, shape, refractive index, center of gravity, charge, weight, absorption, and magnetic moment of the material. The size scale of the CES can be on the order of the wavelength of the relayed energy wave and can vary over the millimeter scale, micron scale, or nanoscale. Also, the size scale of other EPs strongly depends on the wavelength of the energy wave. Within the scope of this disclosure, a specific arrangement of multiple CESs can form an ordered pattern that can effectively induce ordered energy localization by repeating laterally across the relay. One example of such an ordered pattern of CESs is referred to herein as a module. A module

[0108] can comprise two or more CESs. A grouping of two or more modules within a relay is referred to herein as a structure.

[0109] Ordered energy localization is a common wave phenomenon that applies, among other things, to the transport of electromagnetic waves, sound waves, quantum waves, and energy waves. One or more construct block structures required to form an energy wave relay that exhibits ordered energy localization each have a size on the order of the corresponding wavelength. Another parameter for the construct blocks is the speed of the energy wave in the material used for these construct blocks, which is the refractive index for electromagnetic waves and the speed of sound for sound waves. including acoustic impedance to waves. For example, the size and refractive index of the building blocks can vary to accommodate any frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays to radio waves.

[0110] For this reason, the considerations in this disclosure regarding optical relays can be generalized not only to the complete electromagnetic spectrum, but also to acoustic energy and other types of energy. For this reason, even if the considerations are focused on one specific form of energy, such as the visible electromagnetic spectrum, the terms energy source, energy plane, and energy relay will often be used.

[0111] To avoid doubt, the amounts of materials, processes, types, refractive indices, etc. are merely illustrative, and any optical material exhibiting ordered energy localization properties is included herein. Further, any use of ordered materials and processes is included herein.

[0112] The principles of the optical designs described in this disclosure generally apply to all forms of energy relay, and the design embodiments selected for specific products, markets, form factors, mounts, etc. may or may not need to address these geometries, but for the purpose of simplification, any of the disclosed approaches should be noted to include all possible energy relay materials.

[0113] In one embodiment, for the relay of visible electromagnetic energy, the lateral size of the CES should be on the order of 1 micron. The materials used for the CES are not limited to the following ​​​​​​​​​​​​​, any light that exhibits the desired optical quality, including glass, plastic, resin, etc. can be an optical material. The refractive index of the material is greater than 1. When two CES types are selected, the difference in refractive index becomes an important design parameter. The aspect ratio of the material can be selected to be elongated to assist in the propagation of longitudinal waves.

[0114] In embodiments, energy from other energy regions can be relayed using CES. For example, acoustic energy or tactile energy, which can be in the form of mechanical vibrations of energy, can be relayed. Based on the transport efficiency of these alternative energy regions, appropriate CES can be selected. For example, when relaying acoustic or tactile energy, air can be selected as the type of CES material. In embodiments, space or vacuum can be selected as CES to relay a specific form of electromagnetic energy. Further, two different CESs can have a common material type, but other design characteristics such as shape can be different.

[0115] The formation of CES can be completed as a destructive process of taking out the formed materials and cutting those pieces into the desired shaped objects, or any other method known in the art, or an additive process, where the CES can be grown, printed, formed, melted, or manufactured by any other method known in the art. Combining the additive process and the destructive process can provide further control in manufacturing. These pieces are currently assembled into the size and shape of a specific structure.

[0116] ​​​​​​​​​​​In one embodiment, in the case of an electromagnetic energy relay, an optical grade binder, epoxy, or other known optical materials may be used, and these materials start as liquids and, among other processing parameters, can form an optical grade solid structure through various means including, but not limited to, UV, heat, and time. In another embodiment, the binder is made of a non-curing or refractive index matching oil for flexible applications. The binder can be applied to the solid structure and the non-curing oil or optical liquid. These materials may exhibit certain refractive index (RI) characteristics. The binder needs to match the RI of either CES material type 1 or CES material type 2. In one embodiment, the RI of this optical binder is 1.59, the same as that of PS. In a second embodiment, the RI of this optical binder is 1.49, the same as that of PMMA. In another embodiment, the RI of this optical binder is 1.64, the same as that of the thermoplastic polyester (TP) material.

[0117] In one embodiment, for an energy wave, the binder is mixed with a mixture of CES material type 1 and CES material type 2 so as to effectively cancel out the RI of the material with which the binder RI matches. The binder can be fully mixed by giving sufficient time to achieve bubble escape, a desired distribution of materials, and the manifestation of viscous properties. Further constant stirring can be performed to ensure proper mixing of the materials to counter any separation that may occur due to materials of various densities or other material properties.

[0118] This process can be carried out in a vacuum or in a chamber to expel any bubbles that can be formed. ​​​​​​may be required to be executed. Further methodologies may involve introducing vibrations during the curing process which may be the case.

[0119] As an alternative, more than three CESs with additional morphological properties and EPs are provided which is the case.

[0120] In one embodiment, in the case of electromagnetic energy relays, an additional method provides only a single CES that is used only with the binder, in which case the RI of the CES and the binder are different. In which case the RI of the CES and the binder are different.

[0121] Additional methods may include providing any number of CESs and intentionally introducing air bubbles .

[0122] In one embodiment, in the case of electromagnetic energy relays, a method provides a plurality of binders having different desired RIs, and zero, one, or more CESs are mixed such that they can cure separately or together to form a fully mixed structure In one embodiment, in the case of electromagnetic energy relays, a method provides a plurality of binders having different desired RIs, and zero, one, or more CESs are mixed such that they can cure separately or together to form a fully mixed structure In one embodiment, in the case of electromagnetic energy relays, a method provides a plurality of binders having different desired RIs, and zero, one, or more CESs are mixed such that they can cure separately or together to form a fully mixed structure The ability to cure and mix at different intervals using two or more separate curing methodologies, different tools, and procedural methodologies may be enabled. The ability to cure and mix at different intervals using two or more separate curing methodologies, different tools, and procedural methodologies may be enabled. In one embodiment, a UV-curable epoxy having an RI of 1.49 is mixed with a second thermosetting epoxy having an RI of 1.59, where a constant agitation of the materials is provided while heating and UV treatment are alternated for a sufficient period of time to begin forming a solid structure from the larger mixture In one embodiment, a UV-curable epoxy having an RI of 1.49 is mixed with a second thermosetting epoxy having an RI of 1.59, where a constant agitation of the materials is provided while heating and UV treatment are alternated for a sufficient period of time to begin forming a solid structure from the larger mixture In one embodiment, a UV-curable epoxy having an RI of 1.49 is mixed with a second thermosetting epoxy having an RI of 1.59, where a constant agitation of the materials is provided while heating and UV treatment are alternated for a sufficient period of time to begin forming a solid structure from the larger mixture but not for a length of time sufficient for any large particles to form until the curing process is almost complete and agitation can no longer continue, and the curing processes are run simultaneously to fully bond the materials to each other but not for a length of time sufficient for any large particles to form until the curing process is almost complete and agitation can no longer continue, and the curing processes are run simultaneously to fully bond the materials to each other In a second embodiment, a CES having an RI of 1.49 is added added. In a third embodiment, CES having both RIs of 1.49 and 1.59 are both added.

[0123] In another embodiment, in the case of electromagnetic energy relays, glass and plastic materials are mixed based on their respective RI properties.

[0124] In an additional embodiment, a cured mixture is formed in a mold and cut and polished after curing . In another embodiment, the materials utilized are re-liquefied by heat, cured to a first shape, and then pulled into a second shape to be tapered or curved, including but not limited to these.

[0125] It should be recognized that there are several known conventional methods for welding polymer materials together. Many of these techniques are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and describe processes for joining the surfaces of softened materials, including thermal, mechanical (e.g., vibration, welding, ultrasonic welding, etc.), electromagnetic, and chemical (solvent) welding methods, as described in ISO 472 (''Plastics - Vocabulary'', International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland 1999). In the context of the present disclosure, the terms ''fuse'', ''fusing'', or ''fused'' mean, in one embodiment, that two or more polymer materials have had their surfaces integrated or joined together by any of the techniques described above known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, non-polymer materials can also be used. Such materials International Organization for Standardization are described in ISO 472 (''Plastics - Vocabulary'', International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland 1999). In the context of the present disclosure, the terms ''fuse'', ''fusing'', or ''fused'' mean, in one embodiment, that two or more polymer materials have had their surfaces integrated or joined together by any of the techniques described above known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, two or more polymer materials have had their surfaces integrated or joined together by any of the techniques described above known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, non-polymer materials can also be used. Such materials In the context of the terms "fusing", "fused", or "fusion", such non-po lymer materials are integrated or joined, and have a similar meaning to a series of welding techniques described above and known to those skilled in the art that are similar.

[0126] Figure 7A illustrates a cutaway view of a flexible embodiment 70 of a relay presenting a lateral Anderson localization approach using CES material type 1 (72) and CES material type 2 (74) with a mixed oil or liquid 76, and based on one embodiment of the present disclosure, using an end cap relay 79 as much as possible to relay an energy wave from a first surface 77 to a second surface 77 at either end of the relay within a flexible tube enclosure 78. Both CES material type 1 (72) and CES material type 2 (74) have an elongated design characteristic, and in this embodiment, the shape is elliptical, but any other elongated or designed shape such as cylindrical or stranded wire is also possible. The elongated shape allows for a channel of minimal design characteristic variation 75. For one embodiment of a visible electromagnetic energy relay, the implementation 70 replaces the binder with a refractive index matching oil 76 having a refractive index that matches CES material type 2 (74), places it within the flexible tube enclosure 78 to maintain the flexibility of the mixture of CES material type 1 and CES material 2, and the end cap 79 serves as a solid optical relay to ensure that an image can be reliably relayed from one surface of the end cap to the other. The elongated shape of the CES material allows for a channel of minimal refractive index variation 75.

[0127] For one embodiment of a visible electromagnetic energy relay, the implementation 70 exchanges the binder with a refractive index matching oil 76 having a refractive index that matches CES material type 2 (74), places it within the flexible tube enclosure 78 to maintain the flexibility of the mixture of CES material type 1 and CES material 2, and the end cap 79 serves as a solid optical relay to ensure that an image can be reliably relayed from one surface of the end cap to the other. The elongated shape of the CES material allows for a channel of minimal refractive index variation 75. and becomes a solid optical relay so that the image can be reliably relayed from one surface of the end cap to the other. The elongated shape of the CES material allows for a channel of minimal refractive index variation 75.

[0128] Multiple examples of 70 can be intertwined within a single surface to form a relay coupler in a solid or flexible form.

[0129] In one embodiment, in the case of a visible electromagnetic energy relay, some examples of 70 can each have one end connected to a display device that shows only one of a number of specific tiles of an image, and the other end of the optical relay is arranged to display a full image that is arranged in a regular mosaic pattern with no visible seams. Due to the properties of the CES material, it is further possible to fuse multiple optical relays together within the mosaic.

[0130] FIG. 7B illustrates a cutaway view of a rigid embodiment 750 of a CES transverse Anderson localization energy relay. CES material type 1 (72) and CES material type 2 (74) are mixed with a binder 753 that matches the refractive index of material 2 (74). An optional relay end cap 79 is used to relay an energy wave from a first surface 77 to a second surface 77 within a housing 754. In this embodiment, both CES material type 1 (72 ) and CES material type 2 (74) have the design characteristic of being elongated, and their shape is elliptical, although any other elongated or designed shape such as cylindrical or stranded wire is also possible. Also shown in FIG. 7B is the path 75 of the minimum design characteristic variation along the longitudinal direction 751, and this path assists in the propagation of the energy wave in this direction 751 from one end cap surface 77 to the other end cap surface 77. The initial configuration and alignment of the CES can be made with mechanical placement or, without limitation

[0131] hereinafter However, when applied to colloids of CES in liquids, it can result in colloidal crystal formation. Charge, magnetic moment that can help order CES containing trace amounts of ferromagnetic material or gravity, which helps to create multiple layers in the pre-hardened binding liquid. This can be done by looking at the EP of the material, including the relative weight of the CES.

[0132] In one embodiment, in the case of an electromagnetic energy relay, the embodiment shown in FIG. A binder 753 that matches the refractive index of material type 2 (74) and optional end caps The plate 79 ensures that an image can be relayed from one surface of the end cap to the other. The EP, which is the refractive index of a solid optical relay that has minimal longitudinal variation, is It creates a channel 75 that supports the propagation of localized electromagnetic waves.

[0133] In one embodiment for a visible electromagnetic energy relay, FIG. CES material type 72 in the longitudinal direction of one exemplary material in a given percentage of the whole article; 74, along with DEMA (Dimensional Exterior Absorption) CES, 80 inclusions in the horizontal plane cutaway view example The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a visible electromagnetic energy relay using a material that is based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Based on this, stray light is controlled.

[0134] Additional CES materials that are opaque to light are added to the mixture to create a more uniform optical path than conventional optical fibers. It absorbs random stray light similar to EMA in holographic technology, but the distribution of the absorbing material is longitudinal. Can be random in all three dimensions, as opposed to being invariant in the directional dimensions Herein, this material is referred to as DEMA 80. By being utilized, it provides much more control than the methods of previous embodiments. DE By using MA, the control of stray light ultimately reduces the overall light transmission by the proportion of the surface area of all the optical relay components it occupies, including the twisted EMA of the wire strands. This is much more completely randomized than any other embodiment. In contrast, DEMA is mixed throughout the relay material and effectively controls the longitudinal light transmission without the same light reduction in the lateral direction. DEMA can be provided in any ratio for the entire mixture. In one embodiment DEMA is 1% of the entire mixture of materials. In a second embodiment, DEMA is 10% of the entire mixture of materials. In additional embodiments, two or more materials are processed with heat and / or pressure to perform a bonding process, which may or may not be completed using a mold or other similar forming processes known in the art. This may or may not be applied in a vacuum or a shaker table, etc. to remove air bubbles during the melting process. For example, a CES having material types of polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is mixed and then placed in a suitable mold, which is placed in a uniform thermal distribution environment capable of reaching the melting points of both materials, and cycled between the respective temperatures without causing damage / fracture by exceeding the maximum temperature rise or fall per hour required by the material properties.

[0135] In the case of a process where the materials need to be mixed with an additional liquid binder, the ease of each material can be changed. This may or may not be applied in a vacuum or a shaker table, etc. to remove air bubbles during the melting process. For example, a CES having material types of polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is mixed and then placed in a suitable mold, which is placed in a uniform thermal distribution environment capable of reaching the melting points of both materials, and cycled between the respective temperatures without causing damage / fracture by exceeding the maximum temperature rise or fall per hour required by the material properties. This may or may not be applied in a vacuum or a shaker table, etc. to remove air bubbles during the melting process. For example, a CES having material types of polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is mixed and then placed in a suitable mold, which is placed in a uniform thermal distribution environment capable of reaching the melting points of both materials, and cycled between the respective temperatures without causing damage / fracture by exceeding the maximum temperature rise or fall per hour required by the material properties. This may or may not be applied in a vacuum or a shaker table, etc. to remove air bubbles during the melting process. For example,

[0136] In the case of a process where the materials need to be mixed with an additional liquid binder, the ease of each material A process that rotates at a certain speed to prevent separation of materials considering a specific density may be required. can be obtained.

[0137] Anderson and the differentiation of the ordered energy relay material Figure 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of a portion 900 of a pre-fusion energy relay having a randomized distribution of particles, each including one of two component materials, component design structures (CES) 902 and CES904. In one embodiment, particles including CES902 or CES904 may have different material properties such as different refractive indices, and can induce the Anderson localization effect of the energy transported through it, localizing the energy in the lateral plane of the material. In one embodiment, particles including either CES 902 or CES904 may extend longitudinally into and out of the plane of the illustration, thereby enabling energy propagation along the longitudinal direction with a reduced scattering effect compared to conventional optical fiber energy relays for the localization of energy in the lateral plane of the material. are, for example, CES902 or CES904, may have different material properties such as different refractive indices, and can induce the Anderson localization effect of the energy transported through it, localizing the energy in the lateral plane of the material. In one embodiment, particles including either CES 902 or CES904 may extend longitudinally into and out of the plane of the illustration, thereby enabling energy propagation along the longitudinal direction with a reduced scattering effect compared to conventional optical fiber energy relays for the localization of energy in the lateral plane of the material. 902 or CES904 may extend longitudinally into and out of the plane of the illustration, thereby enabling energy propagation along the longitudinal direction with a reduced scattering effect compared to conventional optical fiber energy relays for the localization of energy in the lateral plane of the material. 902 or CES904 may extend longitudinally into and out of the plane of the illustration, thereby enabling energy propagation along the longitudinal direction with a reduced scattering effect compared to conventional optical fiber energy relays for the localization of energy in the lateral plane of the material. 902 or CES904 may extend longitudinally into and out of the plane of the illustration, thereby enabling energy propagation along the longitudinal direction with a reduced scattering effect compared to conventional optical fiber energy relays for the localization of energy in the lateral plane of the material. 902 or CES904 may extend longitudinally into and out of the plane of the illustration, thereby enabling energy propagation along the longitudinal direction with a reduced scattering effect compared to conventional optical fiber energy relays for the localization of energy in the lateral plane of the material. 902 or CES904 may extend longitudinally into and out of the plane of the illustration, thereby enabling energy propagation along the longitudinal direction with a reduced scattering effect compared to conventional optical fiber energy relays for the localization of energy in the lateral plane of the material.

[0138] Figure 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of a pre-fusion energy relay module 1000 having an ordered distribution of particles, each particle including one of three component materials CES1002, CES1004, or CES1006. Particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 may have different material properties such as different refractive indices, and can induce an energy localization effect in the lateral plane of the module. The pattern of particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 is CES1002, 1 CES1006. Particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 may have different material properties such as different refractive indices, and can induce an energy localization effect in the lateral plane of the module. The pattern of particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 is CES1002, 1 CES1006. Particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 may have different material properties such as different refractive indices, and can induce an energy localization effect in the lateral plane of the module. The pattern of particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 is CES1002, 1 CES1006. Particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 may have different material properties such as different refractive indices, and can induce an energy localization effect in the lateral plane of the module. The pattern of particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 is CES1002, 1 CES1006. Particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 may have different material properties such as different refractive indices, and can induce an energy localization effect in the lateral plane of the module. The pattern of particles including one of CES1002, 1004, or 1006 is CES1002, 1 Defining a specific pattern in which particles containing one of 004 or 1006 are disposed may be included within the module boundary 1008. Similar to FIG. 9, CES 1002, 1004 Particles containing one of or 1006 extend longitudinally into and out of the plane of the illustrative figure to enable longitudinal energy propagation with a reduced scattering effect compared to conventional optical fiber energy relays for localization of energy within the lateral plane of the material.

[0139] Particles containing one of CES 902 or 904 according to FIG. 9, and C Particles containing one of ES 1002, 1004, or 1006 extend longitudinally perpendicular to the plane of the illustrative figure and are disposed in the specific patterns shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 respectively, and may be long, thin rods of the respective materials. Due to the annular cross-sectional shape of the particles shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 there may be small gaps between the individual particles of the CES, but these gaps are effectively removed during fusion as the CES material gains some fluidity during the fusion process and "melts together" to fill any spacing. The cross-sectional shapes illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 are annular but this should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art should recognize that any form or shape of the pre-fusion material can be utilized based on the principles disclosed herein.

[0140] FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of a portion 1100 of a pre-fusion energy relay having a random distribution of particles containing one of two component materials, CES 1102 or CES 1104 . The portion 1100, each of which is CES 1102 or 1104 ​​​​​​​ Sub - parts 1106 and 110 with a randomized distribution of particles including any of may have a plurality of sub - parts such as 8. The random distribution of particles including CES1102 or CES1104, after the fusion of the relays, may induce a transverse Anderson localization effect in the energy relayed longitudinally

[0141] Figure 13 illustrates a cross - sectional view of a portion 1300 of a fusion energy relay with a randomized distribution of particles including one of two component materials CES1302 or CES1304 in the transverse plane. A portion 1300 may represent a possible fusion form of a portion 1100 according to Figure 11. In the context of the present disclosure, when adjacent particles of similar CESs aggregate together during fusion, this is called an aggregated particle (AP). An example of an AP of CES1302 can be seen at 1308, which may represent the fusion state of a plurality of unfused CES1302 particles (shown in Figure 11). As illustrated in Figure 13, the boundaries between each

[0142] successive particle of similar CESs, as well as the boundaries between modules having similar CES boundary particles, are removed during fusion, while new boundaries are formed between APs of different CESs. According to the Anderson localization principle, a randomized distribution of materials with different energy wave - propagation characteristics It becomes possible to localize energy.

[0143] However, as described above, due to the nature of the randomized distribution, there is a possibility that an undesirable arrangement of the material may be accidentally formed, which may limit the realization of the energy localization effect within the material. For example, AP1306 in FIG. 13 may potentially form a randomized distribution of particles shown at the corresponding positions in FIG. 11 after fusion. For example, when designing a material for transporting electromagnetic energy, the design consideration is the lateral size of the pre-fusion particles of the CES. To prevent the energy from scattering laterally, at the time of fusion, the resulting average AP size can be selected such that it is substantially on the order of the wavelength of the electromagnetic energy that the material is intended to transport. However, although the average AP size can be designed, those skilled in the art will recognize that the random distribution of particles results in various unpredictable sizes of the AP, some of which are smaller than the intended wavelength and some of which are larger than the intended wavelength. For example, AP1306 in FIG. 13 may potentially form a randomized distribution of particles shown at the corresponding positions in FIG. 11 after fusion. For example, when designing a material for transporting electromagnetic energy, the design consideration is the lateral size of the pre-fusion particles of the CES. To prevent the energy from scattering laterally, at the time of fusion, the resulting average AP size can be selected such that it is substantially on the order of the wavelength of the electromagnetic energy that the material is intended to transport. However, although the average AP size can be designed, those skilled in the art will recognize that the random distribution of particles results in various unpredictable sizes of the AP, some of which are smaller than the intended wavelength and some of which are larger than the intended wavelength. In FIG. 13, AP1306 extends over the entire length of a portion 1300 and represents an AP of a size that is considerably larger than the average. This also means that the size of AP1306 is considerably larger than the wavelength of the energy that the portion 1300 is intended to transport longitudinally. As a result, energy propagation through AP1306 in the longitudinal direction may experience a scattering effect in the lateral plane, reducing the Anderson localization effect, and as a result, causing an interference pattern within the energy propagation through AP1306 and a reduction in the overall energy transport efficiency of the portion 1300.

[0144] In FIG. 13, AP1306 extends over the entire length of a portion 1300 and represents an AP of a size that is considerably larger than the average. This also means that the size of AP1306 is considerably larger than the wavelength of the energy that the portion 1300 is intended to transport longitudinally. As a result, energy propagation through AP1306 in the longitudinal direction may experience a scattering effect in the lateral plane, reducing the Anderson localization effect, and as a result, causing an interference pattern within the energy propagation through AP1306 and a reduction in the overall energy transport efficiency of the portion 1300. As a result, energy propagation through AP1306 in the longitudinal direction may experience a scattering effect in the lateral plane, reducing the Anderson localization effect, and as a result, causing an interference pattern within the energy propagation through AP1306 and a reduction in the overall energy transport efficiency of the portion 1300. As a result, energy propagation through AP1306 in the longitudinal direction may experience a scattering effect in the lateral plane, reducing the Anderson localization effect, and as a result, causing an interference pattern within the energy propagation through AP1306 and a reduction in the overall energy transport efficiency of the portion 1300. ​​​​​

[0145] According to the principles disclosed herein, and due to the nature of the randomized distribution, for example, a sub - portion within a portion 1100 such as sub - portion 1108 may be of any significance as there is no defined distribution pattern. However, it should be understood that for those skilled in the art, in a given randomized distribution, there may exist the possibility of identifying specific sub - portions having the same or substantially similar distribution patterns. This existence may not significantly suppress the overall induced transverse Anderson localization effect, and the scope of the present disclosure should not be considered to be limited to exclude such cases. The design considerations of the non - random ordering patterns disclosed herein represent an alternative to the randomized distribution of component materials, enabling the energy - relay material to exhibit the energy localization effect laterally while potentially avoiding limiting the offset cases inherent in the randomized distribution. Throughout different fields and across many specialties, the concepts of "randomness" and what is actually random and what is not are always to be noted as not being always clear. When considering the random and non - random distributions, arrangements, patterns, etc. discussed below, there are several important points to consider in the context of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the disclosure herein is by no means the only way to conceptualize and / or systematize the concepts of random or non - random. There are many alternatives.

[0146] The design considerations of the non - random ordering patterns disclosed herein represent an alternative to the randomized distribution of component materials, enabling the energy - relay material to exhibit the energy localization effect laterally while potentially avoiding limiting the offset cases inherent in the randomized distribution. The design considerations of the non - random ordering patterns disclosed herein represent an alternative to the randomized distribution of component materials, enabling the energy - relay material to exhibit the energy localization effect laterally while potentially avoiding limiting the offset cases inherent in the randomized distribution.

[0147] Across different fields and through many specialties, the concept of "randomness" and the notion of what is actually random and what is not are always to be noted as not being always clear. When considering the random and non - random distributions, arrangements, patterns, etc. discussed below, there are several important points to consider in the context of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the disclosure herein is by no means the only way to conceptualize and / or systematize the concepts of random or non - random. There are many alternatives. When considering the random and non - random distributions, arrangements, patterns, etc. discussed below, there are several important points to consider in the context of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the disclosure herein is by no means the only way to conceptualize and / or systematize the concepts of random or non - random. There are many alternatives. it should be understood that the disclosure herein is by no means the only way to conceptualize and / or There are analogous and equally valid conceptualizations, and the scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to exclude any method that would be contemplated by one of ordinary skill in the art in this context. It should not be regarded as being limited so as to exclude any method that would be contemplated by one of ordinary skill in the art in this context.

[0148] Spatial complete randomness (CSR) is known in the art and is described in Smith, T.E., (2016), Notebook on Spatial Data Analysis [online](http: / / www.seas.upenn.edu / ~ese5 02 / #notebook), which is incorporated herein by reference and is a concept used to describe the distribution of points in space (in this case, in a 2D plane) arranged in a completely random form. Two common characteristics used to describe CSR exist, namely, the spatial Laplace principle and the assumption of statistical independence. The spatial Laplace principle is the application of the more general Laplace principle to the domain of spatial probability and essentially states that, in the absence of other information indicating otherwise, the probability of a point being placed at a particular location is the same as the probability of a particular event that can be considered for each location in space. That is, each location within the region has an equal probability of containing a point, and thus the probability of finding a point is the same across all locations within the region. This further means that the probability of finding a point within a particular sub-region is proportional to the ratio of the area of that sub-region to the area of the entire reference region.

[0149] The second characteristic of CSR is the assumption of spatial independence. This principle states that the position of other data points within the region has no influence or effect on the probability of finding a data point at a particular location. That is, the position of other data points within the region has no influence or effect on the probability of finding a data point at a particular location. That is, the position of other data points within the region has no influence or effect on the probability of finding a data point at a particular location. That is, each position within the region has an equal probability of containing a point, and thus the probability of finding a point is the same across all locations within the region. This further means that the probability of finding a point within a particular sub-region is proportional to the ratio of the area of that sub-region to the area of the entire reference region. That is, the probability of finding a point within a particular sub-region is proportional to the ratio of the area of that sub-region to the area of the entire reference region. That is, the probability of finding a point within a particular sub-region is proportional to the ratio of the area of that sub-region to the area of the entire reference region. That is, the probability of finding a point within a particular sub-region is proportional to the ratio of the area of that sub-region to the area of the entire reference region.

[0150] The second characteristic of CSR is the assumption of spatial independence. This principle states that the position of other data points within the region has no influence or effect on the probability of finding a data point at a particular location. That is, the position of other data points within the region has no influence or effect on the probability of finding a data point at a particular location. Assume that there is no effect on the fruit. In other words, the data points are considered to be independent of each other , and the state of the "peripheral region" has no effect, so to speak, on the probability of finding a data point at a position within the reference region .

[0151] The concept of CSR is useful as a contrasting example of the ordered distribution of materials, such as some embodiments of the CES materials described herein . The Anderson materials are described elsewhere in this disclosure as a random distribution of energy propagation materials in the lateral plane of the energy relay . Noting the above-described characteristics of CSR, these concepts can be applied to some of the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein to determine whether the "randomness" of such Anderson material distributions conforms to CSR . Assuming an embodiment of an energy relay that includes a first and a second material, the CES of either the first or the second material can roughly occupy the same region of the lateral plane of the embodiment (meaning that they are roughly the same size in the lateral dimension), and further , assuming that the first and second CESs are provided in equal amounts in the embodiment , the inventors can assume that for any particular position along the lateral plane of the embodiment of the energy relay, according to the spatial Laplace principle applied in this context, either the first CES or the second CES is equally likely to be present . Alternatively , if the relay materials are provided in different amounts in other embodiments of the energy relay , or have different lateral sizes from each other, the inventors can, according to the spatial Laplace principle , assume that the probability of finding any of the materials is the ratio of the materials provided or their relative sizes . , and the probability of finding any of the materials is the ratio of the materials provided or their relative sizes ​​​​It is similarly expected to be proportional to Iz.

[0152] Next, since both the first and second materials of the embodiment of the Anderson energy relay are arranged in a random manner (either by elaborate mechanical mixing or any other means), and further, the "arrangement" of the materials occurs and occurs spontaneously simultaneously when the materials are randomized, the inventors can assert that the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition. (either by elaborate mechanical mixing or any other means) and further, the fact that the "arrangement" of the materials occurs and occurs spontaneously simultaneously when the materials are randomized allows the inventors to state that for these embodiments, the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition. allows the inventors to state that for these embodiments, the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition. allows the inventors to state that for these embodiments, the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition. allows the inventors to state that for these embodiments, the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition. allows the inventors to state that for these embodiments, the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition. allows the inventors to state that for these embodiments, the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition. allows the inventors to state that for these embodiments, the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition. allows the inventors to state that for these embodiments, the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition. allows the inventors to state that for these embodiments, the identity of adjacent CES materials has no effect on the identity of a particular CES material and vice versa. That is, the identities of the CES materials within these embodiments are independent of each other. Therefore, it can be said that the embodiments of the Anderson materials described herein satisfy the CSR characteristics described. Of course, as described above, the nature of external factors and "real" entanglement factors can affect the compliance of embodiments of Anderson energy relay materials having a strict CSR definition, but those skilled in the art will recognize that these embodiments of the Anderson materials substantially fall within a reasonable tolerance of such a definition.

[0153] In contrast, an analysis of some of the embodiments of the ordered energy relay materials disclosed herein highlights certain departures from their corresponding embodiments of the Anderson materials (and from the CSR). Unlike the Anderson materials, the CES materials within the embodiments of the ordered energy relay cannot be independent of the identity of their neighbors. A pattern that fits exactly the arrangement of the CES materials within a particular embodiment of the ordered energy relay, in particular, shows how similar materials are spatially arranged relative to each other such that upon fusion, such materials In contrast, an analysis of some of the embodiments of the ordered energy relay materials disclosed herein highlights certain departures from their corresponding embodiments of the Anderson materials (and from the CSR). Unlike the Anderson materials, the CES materials within the embodiments of the ordered energy relay cannot be independent of the identity of their neighbors. A pattern that fits exactly the arrangement of the CES materials within a particular embodiment of the ordered energy relay, in particular, shows how similar materials are spatially arranged relative to each other such that upon fusion, such materials In contrast, an analysis of some of the embodiments of the ordered energy relay materials disclosed herein highlights certain departures from their corresponding embodiments of the Anderson materials (and from the CSR). Unlike the Anderson materials, the CES materials within the embodiments of the ordered energy relay cannot be independent of the identity of their neighbors. A pattern that fits exactly the arrangement of the CES materials within a particular embodiment of the ordered energy relay, in particular, shows how similar materials are spatially arranged relative to each other such that upon fusion, such materials In contrast, an analysis of some of the embodiments of the ordered energy relay materials disclosed herein highlights certain departures from their corresponding embodiments of the Anderson materials (and from the CSR). Unlike the Anderson materials, the CES materials within the embodiments of the ordered energy relay cannot be independent of the identity of their neighbors. A pattern that fits exactly the arrangement of the CES materials within a particular embodiment of the ordered energy relay, in particular, shows how similar materials are spatially arranged relative to each other such that upon fusion, such materials In contrast, an analysis of some of the embodiments of the ordered energy relay materials disclosed herein highlights certain departures from their corresponding embodiments of the Anderson materials (and from the CSR). Unlike the Anderson materials, the CES materials within the embodiments of the ordered energy relay cannot be independent of the identity of their neighbors. A pattern that fits exactly the arrangement of the CES materials within a particular embodiment of the ordered energy relay, in particular, shows how similar materials are spatially arranged relative to each other such that upon fusion, such materials In contrast, an analysis of some of the embodiments of the ordered energy relay materials disclosed herein highlights certain departures from their corresponding embodiments of the Anderson materials (and from the CSR). Unlike the Anderson materials, the CES materials within the embodiments of the ordered energy relay cannot be independent of the identity of their neighbors. A pattern that fits exactly the arrangement of the CES materials within a particular embodiment of the ordered energy relay, in particular, shows how similar materials are spatially arranged relative to each other such that upon fusion, such materials It is designed to affect how the effective size of the AP that is formed is controlled. For example, one of the purposes of some embodiments of disposing an ordered distribution of materials is to dispose a single material (A P) in any region, including the final cross-sectional area (or size) in the transverse dimension. Among other purposes, when energy is relayed along the length, The aim is to limit the effects of lateral energy scattering and interference within that region. When the energy relay material is first "placed" in an ordered distribution embodiment, A degree of specificity and / or selectivity is used, which depends on the identity of a particular CES. However, it is considered to be "independent" of other CES, especially the identity of the materials immediately surrounding it. Conversely, in certain embodiments, the material may be in a non-random pattern. The identity of any one particular CES is determined based on the continuity of the pattern. and which parts of the pattern (and therefore which material) have already been laid down. Therefore, the implementation of these specific ordered distribution energy relays Therefore, the embodiment cannot comply with the CSR standard. The pattern or arrangement of CES or energy relay materials on In embodiments described as "substantially non-random," among other things, the material is does not substantially conform to the general concepts or characteristics of CSR and is not consistent with the context of this disclosure In this case, it can be considered as an ordered material distribution.

[0154] Non-random patterns, such as human signatures, are considered to be non-random signals that contain noise. It is desired to recognize that. Non-random patterns can be substantially the same even when they are not the same by including noise. There are a very large number of conventional techniques in pattern recognition and comparison that can be used to separate noise and non-random signals and then correlate the latter. For example, U.S. Patent No. 7,016,516, incorporated herein by reference, describes a method of identifying randomness (noise, smoothness, cleanliness, etc.) and correlating non-random signals to determine whether a signature is genuine. Rhodes notes that the calculation of signal randomness is well understood by those skilled in the art, and one exemplary technique is to take the derivative of the signal at each sample point, square these values, and then sum the entire signal. Rhodes further notes that various other well-known techniques can alternatively be used. Conventional pattern recognition filters and algorithms can be used to identify the same non-random pattern. Examples are provided in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,465,308 and 7,054,850, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Other techniques for pattern recognition and comparison are not repeated herein, but those skilled in the art can readily apply existing techniques to determine whether an energy relay includes at least first and second materials each disposed in a substantially non-random pattern and actually has the same substantially non-random pattern. Furthermore, considering the points described above regarding randomness and noise, substantially non-random

[0155] The placement of materials onto a pattern may be subject to unintentional factors such as mechanical inaccuracies or manufacturing variations and may thus be subject to distortion of the intended pattern. However it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such distortion to a non-random pattern is almost inevitable and inherent in the nature of mechanical technology. Accordingly, considering the placement of materials it is within the ability of such a person skilled in the art to distinguish the distorted portions of a pattern from the non-distorted portions so as to identify two signatures as belonging to the same person despite their inherent differences.

[0156] FIG. 12A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a transverse plane of a portion 1200 of a pre-fusion energy relay comprising an ordered distribution of three component materials CES1202, CES1204, or CES1206 defining a plurality of modules having a similar orientation. The particles of these three CES materials are disposed within repeating modules such as module 120 8 and module 1210 which share a substantially invariant distribution of the particles. As illustrated in FIG. 12A portion 1200 comprises six modules, although the number of modules within a given ordered energy - relay can be any number and can be selected based on desired design parameters . In addition, the size of the modules, the number of particles per module, the size of the individual particles within the module, the distribution pattern of the particles within the module, the number of different types of modules, and the inclusion of external modular or intercalated materials are all design parameters that can be considered and are within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0157] Similarly, the number of different CESs included in each module may be varied as illustrated in FIG. It does not have to be three, but can preferably be any number suitable for the desired design parameters. In addition, the different characteristic properties of each CES can be tailored to meet desired design parameters. The difference should not be limited to the refractive index alone. For example, two different The CESs may have substantially the same refractive index, but their melting point temperatures may differ.

[0158] Energy transferred through a portion 1200 of the energy relay illustrated in FIG. In order to minimize scattering of the electrons and promote lateral energy localization, a portion 1200 is The ordering pattern of the included modules may satisfy the ordering distribution characteristics described above. In a vein, successive particles may be particles that are substantially adjacent to one another in a transverse plane. can be illustrated as being in contact with each other or between adjacent particles. Gaps may be present. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that small gaps between adjacent illustrated particles may be merely an accidental aesthetic feature. Artifacts or minute mechanical variations that may occur in real material arrangements. You will recognize that this is either meant to illustrate the The present disclosure also includes arrangements of CES particles in substantially non-random patterns, but by design. Includes exceptions due to manufacturing or random variations.

[0159] The ordered pattern of CES particles leads to greater localization of energy, and the relay material This may allow for reduced lateral energy scattering through the optics, thereby making it possible to achieve a more consistent, more flexible, and more cost-effective solution than other embodiments. This may allow for more efficient energy transport through the ordered material compared to the conventional structure. 2B is part of a pre-fusion energy relay having an ordered distribution of particles including one of three component materials, CES1202, CES1204, or CES1 206. FIG. 12A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of section 1250, and the particles define a plurality of modules having varying orientations. Modules 1258 and 1260 of section 1250 have an ordered distribution of materials similar to that of modules 1208 and 1210 of FIG. 12A. However, the pattern of materials in module 1260 is rotated with respect to the pattern of module 1258. A plurality of other modules of section 1250 also exhibit a rotated distribution pattern. Regardless of how much rotation is imposed on the pattern, it is important to note that each module within section 1250 has the ordered distribution described above despite the rotated arrangement. FIG. 12A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of section 1250, and the particles define a plurality of modules having varying orientations. Modules 1258 and 1260 of section 1250 have an ordered distribution of materials similar to that of modules 1208 and 1210 of FIG. 12A. However, the pattern of materials in module 1260 is rotated with respect to the pattern of module 1258. A plurality of other modules of section 1250 also exhibit a rotated distribution pattern. Regardless of how much rotation is imposed on the pattern, it is important to note that each module within section 1250 has the ordered distribution described above despite the rotated arrangement. FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of section 1400 of a fusion energy relay having an ordered distribution of particles including one of three component materials, CES1402, CES1404, or CES1 406. Section 1400 may represent a possible fusion configuration of section 1200 from FIG. 12A. By disposing CES particles in an ordered distribution, the relay shown in FIG. 14 can achieve more efficient transport of longitudinal energy through the relay as compared to the randomized distribution shown in FIG. 13. By selecting to transport CES particles having a diameter of approximately 1 / 2 of the wavelength of the energy wave through the material and disposing the particles in the pre-fusion ordered distribution shown in FIG. 12A, the resulting FIG. 1 Regardless of how much rotation is imposed on the pattern, it is important to note that each module within section 1250 has the ordered distribution described above despite the rotated arrangement.

[0160] FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of section 1400 of a fusion energy relay having an ordered distribution of particles including one of three component materials, CES1402, CES1404, or CES 1406. Section 1400 may represent a possible fusion configuration of section 1200 from FIG. 12A. By disposing CES particles in an ordered distribution, the relay shown in FIG. 14 can achieve more efficient transport of longitudinal energy through the relay as compared to the randomized distribution shown in FIG. 13. By selecting to transport CES particles having a diameter of approximately 1 / 2 of the wavelength of the energy wave through the material and disposing the particles in the pre-fusion ordered distribution shown in FIG. 12A, the resulting FIG. 1 Regardless of how much rotation is imposed on the pattern, it is important to note that each module within section 1250 has the ordered distribution described above despite the rotated arrangement. Regardless of how much rotation is imposed on the pattern, it is important to note that each module within section 1250 has the ordered distribution described above despite the rotated arrangement. Regardless of how much rotation is imposed on the pattern, it is important to note that each module within section 1250 has the ordered distribution described above despite the rotated arrangement. Regardless of how much rotation is imposed on the pattern, it is important to note that each module within section 1250 has the ordered distribution described above despite the rotated arrangement. Regardless of how much rotation is imposed on the pattern, it is important to note that each module within section 1250 has the ordered distribution described above despite the rotated arrangement. Regardless of how much rotation is imposed on the pattern, it is important to note that each module within section 1250 has the ordered distribution described above despite the rotated arrangement. ​The size of the AP after fusion as seen in 4 can have a lateral dimension that is 1 / 2 to 2 times the wavelength of the intended energy. By substantially restricting the lateral dimension of the AP within this range, the energy transported longitudinally through the material can enable ordered energy localization and also reduce scattering and interference effects. In one embodiment, the lateral dimension of the AP in the relay material can preferably be 1 / 4 to 8 times the wavelength of the energy intended to be transported longitudinally through the AP. As seen in FIG. 14 and in contrast to FIG. 13, there is a significant consistency in size across all APs, which can be brought about by exerting control over the method of disposing the pre-fusion CES particles. Specifically, controlling the pattern of particle placement can reduce or eliminate the formation of larger APs that can lead to energy scattering and interference patterns within the AP, representing an improvement beyond the random distribution of CES particles in the energy relay.

[0161] As seen in FIG. 14 and in contrast to FIG. 13, there is a significant consistency in size across all APs, which can be brought about by exerting control over the method of disposing the pre-fusion CES particles. Specifically, controlling the pattern of particle placement can reduce or eliminate the formation of larger APs that can lead to energy scattering and interference patterns within the AP, representing an improvement beyond the random distribution of CES particles in the energy relay. Specifically, controlling the pattern of particle placement can reduce or eliminate the formation of larger APs that can lead to energy scattering and interference patterns within the AP, representing an improvement beyond the random distribution of CES particles in the energy relay. Specifically, controlling the pattern of particle placement can reduce or eliminate the formation of larger APs that can lead to energy scattering and interference patterns within the AP, representing an improvement beyond the random distribution of CES particles in the energy relay. Specifically, controlling the pattern of particle placement can reduce or eliminate the formation of larger APs that can lead to energy scattering and interference patterns within the AP, representing an improvement beyond the random distribution of CES particles in the energy relay.

[0162] FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion 1500 of an energy relay with a randomized distribution of two different CES materials, CES1502 and CES1504. The portion 1500 is designed to transport energy longitudinally along the vertical axis of the illustration and also includes several APs distributed laterally along the horizontal axis of the illustration. AP151 0 can represent the average AP size of all APs within the portion 1500. As a result of randomizing the distribution of CES particles prior to fusion of the portion 1500, the individual APs that make up the portion 1500 can deviate substantially from the average size indicated by 1510. For example, an AP 0 can represent the average AP size of all APs within the portion 1500. As a result of randomizing the distribution of CES particles prior to fusion of the portion 1500, the individual APs that make up the portion 1500 can deviate substantially from the average size indicated by 1510. For example, an AP ​​​​1508 is significantly wider in the lateral direction than AP1510. As a result, the energy transported through longitudinal AP1 510 and AP1508 can experience significantly different localization effects, as well as different amounts of wave scattering and interference. As a result, when it reaches the relay destination ground, any energy transported through section 1500 can exhibit different levels of coherence or cross-axis intensity changes compared to its original state when entering section 150 0. Having energy emerging from the relay in a significantly different state than when it entered the relay may be undesirable for certain applications such as image light transport .

[0163] In addition, AP1506 shown in FIG. 15 can be substantially smaller than AP1510 in the lateral direction . As a result, the lateral width of AP1506 may be too small for the energy in a particular desired energy wavelength domain to effectively propagate therethrough, resulting in a reduction of that energy and also adversely affecting the performance of section 1500 when relaying that energy .

[0164] FIG. 16 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion 1600 of an energy relay having an ordered distribution of three different CES materials, CES1602, CES1604, and CES 1606. Portion 1600 is designed to transport energy longitudinally along the vertical axis of the illustration and also includes several APs distributed laterally along the horizontal axis of the illustration. AP1610 with CES1604 , and AP1608 with CES1602 can both have substantially the same size in the lateral direction . All other APs within portion 1600 can have substantially the same size in the lateral direction APs may also substantially share similar AP sizes in the lateral direction. As a result, the energy being transported longitudinally through section 1600 experiences a substantially uniform localization effect across the cross-section of section 1600 and may also suffer reduced scattering and interference effects. By maintaining a consistent AP width in the lateral dimension, the energy entering section 1600 is relayed and equally affected regardless of the location along the lateral direction where it enters section 1600. This can represent an improvement in energy transport beyond the randomized distribution shown in FIG. 15 for certain applications such as image light transport. The energy being transported longitudinally through section 1600 experiences a substantially uniform localization effect across the cross-section of section 1600 and may also suffer reduced scattering and interference effects. By maintaining a consistent AP width in the lateral dimension, the energy entering section 1600 is relayed regardless of the location along the lateral direction where it enters section 1600 and is equally affected. This can represent an improvement in energy transport beyond the randomized distribution shown in FIG. 15 for certain applications such as image light transport.

[0165] FIG. 17 illustrates a cross-sectional perspective view of a portion 1700 of an energy relay with a randomized distribution of agglomerated particles including one of two component materials, CES1702 or CES1704. In FIG. 17, input energy 1706 is provided to be transported through portion 1700 in the longitudinal direction corresponding to the vertical direction of the illustration, as indicated by the arrow representing energy 1706. Energy 1706 is received by portion 1700 at side 1710 and emerges from portion 1700 as energy 1708 at side 1712. Energy 1708 is illustrated by varying the size and pattern of the arrows to illustrate that it has undergone a non-uniform transformation when transported through portion 1700, and the different portions of energy 1708 vary in magnitude and amount of localization in the lateral direction perpendicular to the longitudinal energy direction 1706 of the initial input energy 1706. a randomized distribution of agglomerated particles including one of two component materials, CES1702 or CES1704. In FIG. 17, input energy 1706 is provided to be transported through portion 1700 in the longitudinal direction corresponding to the vertical direction of the illustration, as indicated by the arrow representing energy 1706. Energy 1706 is received by portion 1700 at side 1710 and emerges from portion 1700 as energy 1708 at side 1712. Energy 1708 is illustrated by varying the size and pattern of the arrows to illustrate that it has undergone a non-uniform transformation when transported through portion 1700, and the different portions of energy 1708 vary in magnitude and amount of localization in the lateral direction perpendicular to the longitudinal energy direction 1706 of the initial input energy 1706. Energy 1708 is illustrated by varying the size and pattern of the arrows to illustrate that it has undergone a non-uniform transformation when transported through portion 1700, and the different portions of energy 1708 vary in magnitude and amount of localization in the lateral direction perpendicular to the longitudinal energy direction 1706 of the initial input energy 1706. Energy 1708 is illustrated by varying the size and pattern of the arrows to illustrate that it has undergone a non-uniform transformation when transported through portion 1700, and the different portions of energy 1708 vary in magnitude and amount of localization in the lateral direction perpendicular to the longitudinal energy direction 1706 of the initial input energy 1706. and the different portions of energy 1708 vary in magnitude and amount of localization in the lateral direction perpendicular to the longitudinal energy direction 1706 of the initial input energy 1706.

[0166] ​As illustrated in FIG. 17, a desired energy wavelength is applied from side 1710 to side 1712. A has a lateral size that is too small or otherwise disproportionate to effectively propagate. Similarly, there may be an AP such as P1714. AP1, which is too large or otherwise disproportionate to effectively propagate to side 1712 There may be APs such as 716. The CES particles used to form portion 1700 The energy propagation characteristics over the portion 1700 may be the result of a randomized distribution of The combined effect of these variations is that of the energy relay material This may limit its effectiveness and usefulness.

[0167] Figure 18 shows the three component materials, CES1802, CES1804, or CE An energy relay having an ordered distribution of agglomerated particles including one of S1806. 18 illustrates a cross-sectional perspective view of a portion 1800. In FIG. As shown by the arrow representing energy 1808, the vertical direction of the diagram corresponds to the The energy is provided to be transported through a portion 1800 in a longitudinal direction through the ray. 1808 is received in part 1800 at side 1812 and is represented as energy 1810. As illustrated in FIG. 18, the output energy 1810 is in part The input energy may be substantially uniform across the lateral direction of 1800 mm. 1808 and the output energy 1810 may be expressed as wavelength, intensity, resolution, or any other wave propagation The lateral direction of the portion 1800 may share substantially unchanged characteristics, such as the transfer characteristics. This may be due to the uniform size and distribution of APs along the transverse direction, Enable energy to propagate through a portion 1800 in a manner that is commonly affected and this can assist in restricting any variations across the emerging energy 1810 and between the input energy 1808 and the emerging energy 1810.

[0168] Tapered energy relay To further solve the problem of generating high resolution from an array of individual energy wave sources including an extended mechanical envelope, tapered energy relays can be used to increase the effective size of each energy source. When an array of tapered energy relays is joined together to form a single continuous energy surface, the mechanical requirements for these energy sources can be avoided.

[0169] In one embodiment, one or more energy relay elements can be configured to direct energy along a propagation path extending between one or more energy positions and a single seamless energy surface.

[0170] For example, assuming that the active area of the energy wave source is 20 mm × 10 mm and the mechanical envelope is 40 mm × 20 mm, the tapered energy relay can be designed with a 2:1 magnification factor to produce a taper of 20 mm × 10 mm (when cut) on the small end and 40 mm × 20 mm (when cut) on the enlarged end, and these arrays of tapers can be seamlessly aligned together without altering or disturbing the mechanical envelope of each energy wave source.

[0171] FIG. 29 illustrates an orthogonal view of a mosaic arrangement 7400 of one such tapered energy relay, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 29, the relay device 7400 can include two or more relay elements 7402, each relay element 7402 being formed of one or more structures, and each relay element 7402 having a first surface 7406, a second surface 7408, a lateral orientation (substantially parallel to the surfaces 7406, 7408), and a longitudinal orientation (substantially perpendicular to the surfaces 7406, 7408). The surface area of the first surface 7406 can be different from the surface area of the second surface 7408. In the case of the relay element 7402, the surface area of the first surface 7406 is smaller than the surface area of the second surface 7408. In another embodiment, the surface area of the first surface 7406 can be the same as or larger than the surface area of the second surface 7408. The energy wave can pass from the first surface 7406 to the second surface 7408 or vice versa.

[0172] In FIG. 29, the relay element 7402 of the relay element device 7400 includes a sloped profile portion 7404 between the first surface 7406 and the second surface 7408. During operation, the energy wave propagating between the first surface 7406 and the second surface 7408 can have a higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation than in the lateral orientation, and the energy wave passing through the relay element 7402 can result in spatial expansion or spatial contraction. In other words, the energy wave passing through the relay element 7402 of the relay element device 7400 can experience an increased or decreased magnification. In one embodiment, the energy can be directed through one or more energy relay elements with zero expansion. In some embodiments, the relay element device ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ The one or more structures for forming the device may be glass, carbon, optical fiber, optical thin film, plate The material may comprise a plastic, a polymer, or a mixture thereof.

[0173] In one embodiment, the energy wave passing through the first surface has a first resolution and a second resolution. The energy waves passing through the surface have a second resolution, which is a factor of the first resolution. In another embodiment, the energy wave when provided to the first surface is greater than or equal to about 50%. has a uniform profile, but the second surface has a uniform profile regardless of the position of the second relay surface. Forward energy that essentially fills a cone with an opening angle of ±10 degrees from the normal It can pass through a second surface while radiating in all directions with a density.

[0174] In some embodiments, the first surface is adapted to receive energy from an energy wave source. and the energy wave source is disposed on at least one of the first surface and the second surface. Both have mechanical envelopes with widths different from one another.

[0175] In one embodiment, the energy is applied to a first and second surface that defines a longitudinal orientation. and the first and second surfaces of each of the relays are moved in first and second directions. The longitudinal orientation extends generally along a transverse orientation defined by In one embodiment, the energy wave propagating through the multiple relays is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the has a higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation than in the transverse orientation, and the transverse Anderson Randomized transverse orientation with minimal refractive index variation for longitudinal orientation due to the principle of localization The refraction index fluctuations cause the relays to be spatially localized in the lateral plane. In some embodiments constructed with yttria, the energy wave propagating within each relay element can travel longitudinally, as determined by the array of fibers in this direction.

[0176] Mechanically, these tapered energy relays are cut and polished to high precision before being joined or fused together to ensure the smallest possible seam gap between the relays as they are aligned. The seamless surface formed by the second surface of the energy relay is polished after the relays are joined. In one such embodiment, it is possible to achieve a maximum seam gap of 50um using an epoxy that is thermally compatible with the tapered material. In another embodiment, a manufacturing process that places the tapered array under compression and / or heat provides the ability to fuse the elements together. In another embodiment, the use of plastic tapers can be more easily chemically fused or heat treated to create a joint without additional bonding. To avoid ambiguity, any method may be used to join the array together, explicitly excluding bonding other than gravity and / or force. In one embodiment, the distance between the edges of any two adjacent second surfaces of the terminal energy relay elements can be less than the minimum perceptible profile, as defined by the visual acuity of the human eye with a 20 / 40 field of view, at a distance from the seamless energy surface that is the lesser of the height of a single seamless energy surface or the width of a single seamless energy surface. To hold multiple components in a manner that meets specific tolerance specifications, mechanical

[0177]

[0178]

[0178] The structure may be preferred. In some embodiments, the first and second surfaces of the tapered relay element may have any polygonal shape including, but not limited to, circular, elliptical, oval, triangular, square, rectangular, parallelogram, trapezoidal, rhombic, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc. In some examples, for non-square tapers such as rectangular tapers, the relay element may be rotated so as to have a minimum taper dimension parallel to the maximum dimension of the entire energy source. This approach allows for the optimization of the energy source that exhibits the lowest rejection of light rays due to the light receiving cone of the enlarged relay element when viewed from the center point of the energy source. For example, if the desired energy source size is 100 mm × 60 mm and each tapered energy relay is 20 mm × 10 mm, the relay elements may be aligned and rotated so that an array of 3 × 10 tapered energy relay elements can be combined to produce the desired energy source size. Here, none of them suggest that an array with an alternative configuration of a 6 × 5 matrix array cannot be used. An array consisting of a 3 × 10 layout will generally perform better than an alternative 6 × 5 layout. and the second surface may have any polygonal shape including, but not limited to, circular, elliptical, oval, triangular, square, rectangular, parallelogram, trapezoidal, rhombic, pentagonal, hexagonal, etc. In some examples, for non-square tapers such as rectangular tapers, the relay element may be rotated so as to have a minimum taper dimension parallel to the maximum dimension of the entire energy source. This approach allows for the optimization of the energy source that exhibits the lowest rejection of light rays due to the light receiving cone of the enlarged relay element when viewed from the center point of the energy source. For example, if the desired energy source size is 100 mm × 60 mm and each tapered energy relay is 20 mm × 10 mm, the relay elements may be aligned and rotated so that an array of 3 × 10 tapered energy relay elements can be combined to produce the desired energy source size. Here, none of them suggest that an array with an alternative configuration of a 6 × 5 matrix array cannot be used. An array consisting of a 3 × 10 layout will generally perform better than an alternative 6 × 5 layout. Energy Relay Element Stack The simplest configuration of an energy source system consists of an energy source joined to a single tapered energy relay element, but a plurality of relay elements may be combined to form a single energy source module with improved quality or flexibility. One such embodiment is a first tapered energy relay with a small end attached to the energy source, and

[0179] Energy Relay Element Stack The simplest configuration of an energy source system consists of an energy source joined to a single tapered energy relay element, but a plurality of relay elements may be combined to form a single energy source module with improved quality or flexibility. One such embodiment is a first tapered energy relay with a small end attached to the energy source, and A second tapered energy relay connected to the first relay element, and a second light The small end of the optical taper contacts the enlarged end of the first relay element, generating a total magnification equal to the product of the two individual taper magnifications. This is an example of an energy relay element stack composed of a series of two or more energy relay elements, and each energy relay element comprises a first side surface and a second side surface, and the stack relays energy continuously from the first surface of the first element to the second surface of the last element in the sequence, also called the end surface. Each energy relay element may be configured to direct energy therethrough.

[0180] In one embodiment, the energy directing device comprises one or more energy positions and one or more stacks of energy relay elements. Each stack of energy relay elements comprises one or more energy relay elements, and each energy relay element comprises a first surface and a second surface. Each energy relay element may be configured to direct energy therethrough. In one embodiment, the second surface of the terminal energy relay element of each stack of energy relay elements may be arranged to form a single seamless display surface. In one embodiment, one or more stacks of energy relay elements may be configured to direct energy along an energy propagation path extending between one or more energy positions and a single seamless display surface.

[0181] FIG. 30 illustrates a side view of an energy relay element stack 7500 consisting of two composite optical relay tapers 7502, 7504 in series, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. ​ Both the taper and the small end face the energy source surface 7506. In FIG. 30, the input opening numerical aperture (NA) is 1.0 for the input of taper 7504, but is only about 0.16 for the output of taper 7502. It should be noted that the output numerical aperture is divided by the total magnification factor 6, which is the product of 2 for taper 7504 and 3 for taper 7502. One advantage of this approach is the ability to customize the first energy wave relay to account for various dimensions of the energy source without changing the second energy wave relay element. That ability further provides flexibility to change the size of the output energy surface without changing the design of the energy source or the first relay element. FIG. 30 also shows the energy source 7506 including energy source drive electronics and the mechanical envelope 7508.

[0182] In one embodiment, the first surface is configured to receive an energy wave from an energy source unit (e.g., 7506), and the energy source unit may include a mechanical envelope having a width different from at least one of the widths of the first surface and the second surface. In one embodiment, the energy wave passing through the first surface may have a first resolution, while the energy wave passing through the second surface may have a second resolution, such that the second resolution is about 50% or more of the first resolution. In another embodiment, the energy wave has a uniform profile when provided to the first surface, but substantially fills a cone having an opening angle of ±10 degrees with respect to the normal of the second surface, regardless of the position of the second relay surface, and can pass through the second surface while radiating in all directions with a forward energy density. ​ It is.

[0183] In one embodiment, the plurality of stacked energy relay elements may include a plurality of faceplates (relays with a magnification of 1). In some embodiments, the plurality of faceplates may have different lengths or be a loose coherent optical relay. In other embodiments, the plurality of elements may have a sloped profile portion, which may be angled, linear, curved, tapered, chamfered, or arranged at an angle non-perpendicular to the vertical axis of the relay element. In yet another embodiment, the energy wave propagating through the plurality of relay elements has a higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation than in the lateral orientation, and is spatially localized in the lateral orientation due to the randomized refractive index variations in the lateral orientation associated with the minimum refractive index variations in the longitudinal orientation. In embodiments where each energy relay is constructed of a multi-core fiber, the energy wave propagating within each relay element may travel in the longitudinal direction determined by the arrangement of the fibers in this orientation.

[0184] Optical Image Relay and Taper Element Very high density fiber bundles may be manufactured with a large amount of material to enable relaying light with pixel coherence and high transmittance. Optical fibers guide light along transparent fibers of glass, plastic, or similar media. This phenomenon is controlled by the concept called total internal reflection. When a light ray is contained within the critical angle of the material and the light ray is incident from the direction of a denser material, the light ray will be totally internally reflected between two transparent optical materials having different refractive indices.

[0185] Figure 31 shows the maximum light acceptance angle.

Mathematics

[0186] The relationship between the angle of incidence (I) and the angle of refraction (R) is Snell's law

Mathematics

[0187] Those skilled in the art of fiber optics will understand the additional optical principles associated with the light-gathering power, the maximum acceptance angle, and other necessary calculations, and how light travels through the optical fiber material As will be described in the following embodiments, it is important to understand this concept because the optical fiber material should be regarded as a relay of light rather than a way to concentrate light

[0188] Understanding the angular distribution of the light emerging from the optical fiber is important for the present disclosure and may not be the same as that predicted based on the angle of incidence. The exit azimuth angle of ray 7610 is determined by the maximum acceptance angle 7608, the length and diameter of the fiber, and other parameters of the material ​​​​​​​Since there is a tendency to change rapidly, the emitted light beam tends to exit the fiber in a conical shape defined by the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction.

[0189] Figure 32 shows how a light ray 7702 entering an optical fiber 7704 can exit in a conical light distribution 7706 having a specific azimuth angle.

Number

[0190] The main causes of transmission loss in the fiber material are cladding, material length, and light loss for light rays outside the acceptance angle. The cladding is a material that surrounds each individual fiber in a larger bundle to help insulate the core and reduce the propagation between individual fibers due to light rays. In addition to this, an additional opaque material may be used to absorb light outside the acceptance angle, called excess wall absorption (EMA). Both materials can assist in improving the image quality seen in terms of contrast, scattering, and several other factors, but can reduce the overall light transmission from the entrance to the exit. For simplicity, the ratio of the core to the cladding, which can be one reason for light loss, can be used to understand the approximate transmission ability of the fiber. Other types of materials are available and will be considered in the following discussion, but for most materials, the core-to-cladding ratio Since this can be one reason for light loss, it can be used to understand the approximate transmission ability of the fiber. Other types of materials are available and will be considered in the following discussion, but for most materials, the core-to-cladding ratio is available, and although considered in the following discussion, for most materials, the core-to-cladding ratio can be in the range of approximately 50% to approximately 80%.

[0191] Each fiber can resolve approximately 0.5 photo-line pairs per fiber diameter, and Therefore, when relaying pixels, it is possible to have more than one fiber per pixel. In some embodiments, the average resolution between each of the fibers can be It is recommended to use 1 datum per pixel as this helps to reduce the MTF loss associated with using materials. A few fibers may be utilized, or more than two fibers may be acceptable.

[0192] In one embodiment, the optical fiber may be implemented in the form of a fiber optic faceplate. The face plates may be single or multiple, or may be fused together to form a vacuum-tight glass plate. The image presented on one side of the faceplate is projected onto the outside with high efficiency. Since the plate can be transported to the surface of the substrate, this plate can be considered as a window with a theoretical thickness of zero. Traditionally, these faceplates have been fabricated with individual fibers having a pitch of about 6 microns or greater. However, this can ultimately reduce contrast and image quality. Despite the availability of the pad material, higher densities can be achieved.

[0193] In some embodiments, the fiber optic bundle may be tapered, so that different A coherent mapping of pixels with commensurate size and magnification for each surface is required. For example, the expanded end has a larger fiber pitch and a higher expansion ratio. The small end can refer to the side of the optical fiber element that has a smaller fiber pitch and The optical fiber element can be manufactured in a variety of shapes. The process of expanding the optical fiber may include heating and producing the desired expansion ratio. physically changing the pitch of the tapes from their original size to a smaller pitch, Another factor is that the manufacturing process is flat. This can distort the perpendicularity of the fibers to the surface, especially with regard to taper design. One of the challenges is that the effective NA at each end can vary roughly in proportion to the ratio of magnification. For example, a taper with a 2:1 ratio would have a small end with a diameter of 10 mm and a small end with a diameter of 20 mm. The original material may have a NA of 0.5 with a pitch of 10 microns. In this case, the small end has an approximate effective NA of 1.0 and a pitch of 5 microns. The resulting acceptance and exit angles may vary proportionally as well. There are much more sophisticated analyses that can be performed to understand the exact results from the process, and those skilled in the art will appreciate. Anyone with a computer science degree should be able to perform these calculations. For the purposes of this discussion, In conclusion, these generalizations are useful for understanding the impact of imaging and the overall system and method. is sufficient.

[0194] Use of flexible energy sources and curved energy relay surfaces Creating certain energy source or energy projection techniques with curved surfaces For example, in one embodiment, a curved OL may be used as the energy source. In another embodiment, a focused LED display panel can be used as the energy source. In yet another embodiment, a laser projection system without Even if a projection system with a depth of field wide enough to maintain focus over a long period of time is used, Good. For the sake of avoiding ambiguity, these examples are provided for illustrative purposes and in no way limit the scope of the technical implementation for the description of this technology. is not.

[0195] By utilizing a curved energy surface or a curved surface that can hold a projected image fully focused at a known light input angle, considering the optical technology that can generate an operating cone of light based on the chief ray angle (CRA) of the optical configuration, each output correction angle can provide a more idealized field of view angle.

[0196] In such an embodiment, the side surface of the energy surface of the optical relay element can be curved into a cylindrical, spherical, planar, or non-planar polished configuration (referred to herein as "shape" or "shaped") on a per-module basis, where the energy source originates from another source module. Each effective light-emitting energy source has its own respective field of view angle that is changed through the process of deformation. Utilizing such a curved energy source or similar panel technology enables panel technology that is less affected by deformation and reconfiguration of the CRA or the optimal field of view angle of each effective pixel. reconfiguration of the CRA or the optimal field of view angle of each effective pixel. will be possible.

[0197] FIG. 33 illustrates an orthogonal view of a light relay taper configuration 7800 with a magnification ratio of 3:1 and the resulting field of view angle of the attached energy source of light, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. The light relay taper has an input NA of 1.0 with a magnification ratio of 3:1, resulting in an effective NA for the output light ray of approximately 0.33 (there are many other related coefficients, and this is for simplified reference only), planar and right-angled surfaces are at both ends of the tapered energy · relay, and the energy source is attached to the small end. This approach has, and as a result, · relay, and the energy source is attached to the small end. Using only this can result in an angular field of the energy plane being approximately 1 / 3 of the angular field of the input angle. To avoid ambiguity, a similar configuration with a 1:1 effective magnification ratio (utilizing an optical faceplate or any other) or any other type or configuration of optical relay can also be further utilized. be further utilized.

[0198] FIG. 34 illustrates the same tapered energy relay module 7900 as in FIG. 33, where the surface of the energy source side has a curved configuration 7902, while the surface on the opposite side of the energy source side 7903 has a planar surface and is perpendicular to the optical axis of the module 7900. By this approach, the input angle (e.g., see the arrow near 7902) can be biased based on this shape, and the output angle (e.g., see the arrow near 7903) can be adjusted more independently from the position of the surface than in FIG. 33, providing a curved surface 7902 as illustrated in FIG. 34, but the visible exit cone of each effective light emission source can be smaller than the visible exit cone of the energy source input to the surface 7902. This can be advantageous when considering a specific energy plane for optimizing the viewing angle due to a coarser or more compressed density of the available light rays. can be smaller than the visible exit cone of the energy source input to the surface 7902. This can be advantageous when considering a specific energy plane for optimizing the viewing angle due to a coarser or more compressed density of the available light rays. This can be advantageous when considering a specific energy plane for optimizing the viewing angle due to a coarser or more compressed density of the available light rays.

[0199] In another embodiment, the variation in the output angle can be achieved by making the input energy plane 7902 convex in shape. When such a variation is made, the output cone of the light near the end of the energy plane 7903 bends towards the center. bends towards the center.

[0200] In some embodiments, the relay element device can include a curved energy plane. An example In this case, both surfaces of the relay element device can be planar. Alternatively, in other examples, one surface can be planar and the other surface can be non-planar, or vice versa. Finally in another example, both surfaces of the relay element device can be non-planar. In other embodiments the non-planar surface can be a concave surface or a convex surface among other non-planar configurations . For example, both surfaces of the relay element can be concave. Alternatively, both surfaces can be convex . In another example, one surface can be concave and the other surface can be convex . Those skilled in the art will understand that multiple configurations of planar, non-planar, convex, and concave surfaces are contemplated and disclosed herein.

[0201] FIG. 35 illustrates an orthographic view of an optical relay taper 8000 having a surface 8002 that is planar but non-vertical with respect to the energy source side surface, based on another embodiment of the present disclosure. To clarify significant customizable variations in the shape of the energy source side surface, FIG. 3 5 illustrates the result of easily creating a non-vertical but planar shape with respect to the energy source side surface for comparison with FIG. 34, and further demonstrates the ability to directly control the input acceptance cone angles and output visible emission cone angles of light 1, 2, 3 enabled by any variations in surface characteristics. It may also be possible to design an energy-relay configuration in which the energy source side surface of the relay remains perpendicular to the optical axis that defines the direction of light propagation within the relay, and the output surface of the relay is non-perpendicular to the optical axis, depending on the application. Other configurations can have both an input energy source side surface and an energy output side surface presenting various non-vertical shaped configurations.

[0202] It can be done. In this method, it may be possible to further improve the control with respect to the viewing angles of the input and output energy sources. It may be possible.

[0203] In some embodiments, the taper may also be non - perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay so as to optimize a particular viewing angle. In such an embodiment, a single taper as shown in FIG. 33 is cut into quadrants by a cut parallel to the optical axis, and the large and small ends of the taper can be cut into four equal parts. These four quadrants are then reassembled by rotating each taper quadrant 180 degrees about its respective optical central axis, facing away from the center of the reassembled quadrants, and thus having a small end of the taper that optimizes the viewing field. In other embodiments, non - right - angled tapers can also be directly manufactured to provide an increase in the gap between energy sources on the reduced end without increasing the size or scale of the physically enlarged end. These and other tapered configurations are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the taper may also be non - perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay so as to optimize a particular viewing angle. In such an embodiment, a single taper as shown in FIG. 33 is cut into quadrants by a cut parallel to the optical axis, and the large and small ends of the taper can be cut into four equal parts. These four quadrants are then reassembled by rotating each taper quadrant 180 degrees about its respective optical central axis, facing away from the center of the reassembled quadrants, and thus having a small end of the taper that optimizes the viewing field. In other embodiments, non - right - angled tapers can also be directly manufactured to provide an increase in the gap between energy sources on the reduced end without increasing the size or scale of the physically enlarged end. These and other tapered configurations are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the taper may also be non - perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay so as to optimize a particular viewing angle. In such an embodiment, a single taper as shown in FIG. 33 is cut into quadrants by a cut parallel to the optical axis, and the large and small ends of the taper can be cut into four equal parts. These four quadrants are then reassembled by rotating each taper quadrant 180 degrees about its respective optical central axis, facing away from the center of the reassembled quadrants, and thus having a small end of the taper that optimizes the viewing field. In other embodiments, non - right - angled tapers can also be directly manufactured to provide an increase in the gap between energy sources on the reduced end without increasing the size or scale of the physically enlarged end. These and other tapered configurations are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the taper may also be non - perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay so as to optimize a particular viewing angle. In such an embodiment, a single taper as shown in FIG. 33 is cut into quadrants by a cut parallel to the optical axis, and the large and small ends of the taper can be cut into four equal parts. These four quadrants are then reassembled by rotating each taper quadrant 180 degrees about its respective optical central axis, facing away from the center of the reassembled quadrants, and thus having a small end of the taper that optimizes the viewing field. In other embodiments, non - right - angled tapers can also be directly manufactured to provide an increase in the gap between energy sources on the reduced end without increasing the size or scale of the physically enlarged end. These and other tapered configurations are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the taper may also be non - perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay so as to optimize a particular viewing angle. In such an embodiment, a single taper as shown in FIG. 33 is cut into quadrants by a cut parallel to the optical axis, and the large and small ends of the taper can be cut into four equal parts. These four quadrants are then reassembled by rotating each taper quadrant 180 degrees about its respective optical central axis, facing away from the center of the reassembled quadrants, and thus having a small end of the taper that optimizes the viewing field. In other embodiments, non - right - angled tapers can also be directly manufactured to provide an increase in the gap between energy sources on the reduced end without increasing the size or scale of the physically enlarged end. These and other tapered configurations are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the taper may also be non - perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay so as to optimize a particular viewing angle. In such an embodiment, a single taper as shown in FIG. 33 is cut into quadrants by a cut parallel to the optical axis, and the large and small ends of the taper can be cut into four equal parts. These four quadrants are then reassembled by rotating each taper quadrant 180 degrees about its respective optical central axis, facing away from the center of the reassembled quadrants, and thus having a small end of the taper that optimizes the viewing field. In other embodiments, non - right - angled tapers can also be directly manufactured to provide an increase in the gap between energy sources on the reduced end without increasing the size or scale of the physically enlarged end. These and other tapered configurations are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the taper may also be non - perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay so as to optimize a particular viewing angle. In such an embodiment, a single taper as shown in FIG. 33 is cut into quadrants by a cut parallel to the optical axis, and the large and small ends of the taper can be cut into four equal parts. These four quadrants are then reassembled by rotating each taper quadrant 180 degrees about its respective optical central axis, facing away from the center of the reassembled quadrants, and thus having a small end of the taper that optimizes the viewing field. In other embodiments, non - right - angled tapers can also be directly manufactured to provide an increase in the gap between energy sources on the reduced end without increasing the size or scale of the physically enlarged end. These and other tapered configurations are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the taper may also be non - perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay so as to optimize a particular viewing angle. In such an embodiment, a single taper as shown in FIG. 33 is cut into quadrants by a cut parallel to the optical axis, and the large and small ends of the taper can be cut into four equal parts. These four quadrants are then reassembled by rotating each taper quadrant 180 degrees about its respective optical central axis, facing away from the center of the reassembled quadrants, and thus having a small end of the taper that optimizes the viewing field. In other embodiments, non - right - angled tapers can also be directly manufactured to provide an increase in the gap between energy sources on the reduced end without increasing the size or scale of the physically enlarged end. These and other tapered configurations are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the taper may also be non - perpendicular to the optical axis of the relay so as to optimize a particular viewing angle. In such an embodiment, a single taper as shown in FIG. 33 is cut into quadrants by a cut parallel to the optical axis, and the large and small ends of the taper can be cut into four equal parts. These four quadrants are then reassembled by rotating each taper quadrant 180 degrees about its respective optical central axis, facing away from the center of the reassembled quadrants, and thus having a small end of the taper that optimizes the viewing field. In other embodiments, non - right - angled tapers can also be directly manufactured to provide an increase in the gap between energy sources on the reduced end without increasing the size or scale of the physically enlarged end. These and other tapered configurations are disclosed herein.

[0204] FIG. 36 illustrates an orthogonal view of the optical relay and the light - irradiation cone of FIG. 33 having a concave surface on the side of the energy source. In this case, the cone of output light spreads significantly near the edge of the plane of the output - energy surface compared to the case where the side of the energy source is flat as in FIG. 33. FIG. 36 illustrates an orthogonal view of the optical relay and the light - irradiation cone of FIG. 33 having a concave surface on the side of the energy source. In this case, the cone of output light spreads significantly near the edge of the plane of the output - energy surface compared to the case where the side of the energy source is flat as in FIG. 33. FIG. 36 illustrates an orthogonal view of the optical relay and the light - irradiation cone of FIG. 33 having a concave surface on the side of the energy source. In this case, the cone of output light spreads significantly near the edge of the plane of the output - energy surface compared to the case where the side of the energy source is flat as in FIG. 33.

[0205] FIG. 37 illustrates an orthogonal view of the optical taper relay 8200 of FIG. 36 and the light - irradiation cone having the same concave surface on the side of the energy source. In this embodiment, the output - energy surface 8202 has a convex shape. Compared to FIG. 36, the cone of output light on the concave output surface 8202 is determined by the input - acceptance cone and the exit cone of light generated from this shape configuration, and spreads near the surface of the energy source. FIG. 37 illustrates an orthogonal view of the optical taper relay 8200 of FIG. 36 and the light - irradiation cone having the same concave surface on the side of the energy source. In this embodiment, the output - energy surface 8202 has a convex shape. Compared to FIG. 36, the cone of output light on the concave output surface 8202 is determined by the input - acceptance cone and the exit cone of light generated from this shape configuration, and spreads near the surface of the energy source. FIG. 37 illustrates an orthogonal view of the optical taper relay 8200 of FIG. 36 and the light - irradiation cone having the same concave surface on the side of the energy source. In this embodiment, the output - energy surface 8202 has a convex shape. Compared to FIG. 36, the cone of output light on the concave output surface 8202 is determined by the input - acceptance cone and the exit cone of light generated from this shape configuration, and spreads near the surface of the energy source. FIG. 37 illustrates an orthogonal view of the optical taper relay 8200 of FIG. 36 and the light - irradiation cone having the same concave surface on the side of the energy source. In this embodiment, the output - energy surface 8202 has a convex shape. Compared to FIG. 36, the cone of output light on the concave output surface 8202 is determined by the input - acceptance cone and the exit cone of light generated from this shape configuration, and spreads near the surface of the energy source. It is more collimated across the surface. To avoid ambiguity, the provided examples are merely illustrative and any shape for the input energy source side and the output energy surface configuration can be utilized according to the desired viewing angle and light density of the output energy surface, as well as the angle of light generated from the energy source itself and is not intended to show explicit surface features .

[0206] In some embodiments, a plurality of relay elements may be configured in series. In one embodiment , any two relay elements in series may be intentionally distorted para meters such that the reverse strain from one element to another helps optically reduce any such artifacts and may be further coupled with a meter. In another embodiment, the first optical taper exhibits optical barrel distortion and the second optical taper is manufactured to exhibit the opposite of this artifact so that the information generated when aggregated together is canceled out either partially or completely and, more so, any such optical distortion introduced by either of the two elements such that a light pincushion distortion can be generated. This can be further applied to any two or more elements such that composite corrections can be applied in a series .

[0207] In some embodiments, it may be possible to manufacture a single energy source substrate, electronics, and / or the like in a small and / or lightweight form factor for manufacturing an array of energy sources and the like. In this arrangement, it is possible to further incorporate a light relay mosaic such that the ends of the light relays are aligned with the active regions of the energy sources with a very small form factor compared to the individual components and electronics .​ It is possible. Using this technology, it may be possible to accommodate small form factor devices such as monitors, smartphones, etc. It may be possible to accommodate small form factor devices such as monitors, smartphones, etc.

[0208] FIG. 38 illustrates an orthographic view of an assembly 8300 of a plurality of optical tapered relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 that are each coupled together with respective surfaces 8314, 8316, 8318, 8320, 8322 of a curved energy source side to form an optimal visible image 8302 from a plurality of perpendicular output energy surfaces of each taper. In this example, the tapered relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are formed in parallel. Although a single row of tapered relay modules is shown, in some embodiments, tapers having a stacked configuration may also be coupled together in parallel and in a row to form a continuous seamless visible image 8302. In this example, the tapered relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are formed in parallel. Although a single row of tapered relay modules is shown, in some embodiments, tapers having a stacked configuration may also be coupled together in parallel and in a row to form a continuous seamless visible image 8302. In this example, the tapered relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are formed in parallel. Although a single row of tapered relay modules is shown, in some embodiments, tapers having a stacked configuration may also be coupled together in parallel and in a row to form a continuous seamless visible image 8302. In this example, the tapered relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are formed in parallel. Although a single row of tapered relay modules is shown, in some embodiments, tapers having a stacked configuration may also be coupled together in parallel and in a row to form a continuous seamless visible image 8302. In this example, the tapered relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are formed in parallel. Although a single row of tapered relay modules is shown, in some embodiments, tapers having a stacked configuration may also be coupled together in parallel and in a row to form a continuous seamless visible image 8302. In this example, the tapered relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are formed in parallel. Although a single row of tapered relay modules is shown, in some embodiments, tapers having a stacked configuration may also be coupled together in parallel and in a row to form a continuous seamless visible image 8302. In this example, the tapered relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are formed in parallel. Although a single row of tapered relay modules is shown, in some embodiments, tapers having a stacked configuration may also be coupled together in parallel and in a row to form a continuous seamless visible image 8302.

[0209] In FIG. 38, each tapered relay module may operate independently or may be designed based on an array of optical relays. As shown in this figure, five modules having optical tapered relays 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are aligned together to produce a larger optical tapered output energy surface 8302. In this configuration, the output energy surface 8302 may be perpendicular to the optical axis of each relay, and each of the five energy source side surfaces 8314, 8316, 8318, 8320, 8322 may be deformed into an annular contour about a central axis that may be in front of or behind the output energy surface 8302, enabling the entire array to function as a single output energy surface rather than as individual modules. In FIG. 38, each tapered relay module may operate independently or may be designed based on an array of optical relays. As shown in this figure, five modules having optical tapered relays 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are aligned together to produce a larger optical tapered output energy surface 8302. In this configuration, the output energy surface 8302 may be perpendicular to the optical axis of each relay, and each of the five energy source side surfaces 8314, 8316, 8318, 8320, 8322 may be deformed into an annular contour about a central axis that may be in front of or behind the output energy surface 8302, enabling the entire array to function as a single output energy surface rather than as individual modules. In FIG. 38, each tapered relay module may operate independently or may be designed based on an array of optical relays. As shown in this figure, five modules having optical tapered relays 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are aligned together to produce a larger optical tapered output energy surface 8302. In this configuration, the output energy surface 8302 may be perpendicular to the optical axis of each relay, and each of the five energy source side surfaces 8314, 8316, 8318, 8320, 8322 may be deformed into an annular contour about a central axis that may be in front of or behind the output energy surface 8302, enabling the entire array to function as a single output energy surface rather than as individual modules. In FIG. 38, each tapered relay module may operate independently or may be designed based on an array of optical relays. As shown in this figure, five modules having optical tapered relays 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are aligned together to produce a larger optical tapered output energy surface 8302. In this configuration, the output energy surface 8302 may be perpendicular to the optical axis of each relay, and each of the five energy source side surfaces 8314, 8316, 8318, 8320, 8322 may be deformed into an annular contour about a central axis that may be in front of or behind the output energy surface 8302, enabling the entire array to function as a single output energy surface rather than as individual modules. In FIG. 38, each tapered relay module may operate independently or may be designed based on an array of optical relays. As shown in this figure, five modules having optical tapered relays 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are aligned together to produce a larger optical tapered output energy surface 8302. In this configuration, the output energy surface 8302 may be perpendicular to the optical axis of each relay, and each of the five energy source side surfaces 8314, 8316, 8318, 8320, 8322 may be deformed into an annular contour about a central axis that may be in front of or behind the output energy surface 8302, enabling the entire array to function as a single output energy surface rather than as individual modules. In FIG. 38, each tapered relay module may operate independently or may be designed based on an array of optical relays. As shown in this figure, five modules having optical tapered relays 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are aligned together to produce a larger optical tapered output energy surface 8302. In this configuration, the output energy surface 8302 may be perpendicular to the optical axis of each relay, and each of the five energy source side surfaces 8314, 8316, 8318, 8320, 8322 may be deformed into an annular contour about a central axis that may be in front of or behind the output energy surface 8302, enabling the entire array to function as a single output energy surface rather than as individual modules. In FIG. 38, each tapered relay module may operate independently or may be designed based on an array of optical relays. As shown in this figure, five modules having optical tapered relays 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are aligned together to produce a larger optical tapered output energy surface 8302. In this configuration, the output energy surface 8302 may be perpendicular to the optical axis of each relay, and each of the five energy source side surfaces 8314, 8316, 8318, 8320, 8322 may be deformed into an annular contour about a central axis that may be in front of or behind the output energy surface 8302, enabling the entire array to function as a single output energy surface rather than as individual modules. In FIG. 38, each tapered relay module may operate independently or may be designed based on an array of optical relays. As shown in this figure, five modules having optical tapered relays 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are aligned together to produce a larger optical tapered output energy surface 8302. In this configuration, the output energy surface 8302 may be perpendicular to the optical axis of each relay, and each of the five energy source side surfaces 8314, 8316, 8318, 8320, 8322 may be deformed into an annular contour about a central axis that may be in front of or behind the output energy surface 8302, enabling the entire array to function as a single output energy surface rather than as individual modules. In addition, the viewing angle of the output light is further calculated, and by determining the ideal surface features required for the shape of the energy source side, this assembly structure 8300 can be optimized. FIG. 38 illustrates such an embodiment, where a plurality of modules are coupled together and the curvature of the energy source side occupies the viewing angle of the light on the larger output energy surface. Five relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are shown, but those skilled in the art will recognize that more or fewer relay modules can be coupled together depending on the application, and they can be coupled together in two dimensions to form an arbitrarily large output energy surface 8302. In one embodiment, the system of FIG. 38 includes a plurality of relay elements 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 disposed (e.g., across columns or in a stacked configuration) in a first and a second direction, and each of the plurality of relay elements extends along the longitudinal orientation between the first surface and the second surface of the respective relay element. In some embodiments, the first and second surfaces of each of the plurality of relay elements extend substantially along the transverse orientation defined by the first and second directions, and the longitudinal orientation is substantially perpendicular to the transverse orientation. In other embodiments, the randomized refractive index variation in the transverse orientation associated with the minimum refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation results in an energy wave having a substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation and spatial localization along the transverse orientation. In addition, the viewing angle of the output light is further calculated, and by determining the ideal surface features required for the shape of the energy source side, this assembly structure 8300 can be optimized. FIG. 38 illustrates such an embodiment, where a plurality of modules are coupled together and the curvature of the energy source side occupies the viewing angle of the light on the larger output energy surface. Five relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are shown, but those skilled in the art will recognize that more or fewer relay modules can be coupled together depending on the application, and they can be coupled together in two dimensions to form an arbitrarily large output energy surface 8302. In one embodiment, the system of FIG. 38 includes a plurality of relay elements 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 disposed (e.g., across columns or in a stacked configuration) in a first and a second direction, and each of the plurality of relay elements extends along the longitudinal orientation between the first surface and the second surface of the respective relay element. In some embodiments, the first and second surfaces of each of the plurality of relay elements extend substantially along the transverse orientation defined by the first and second directions, and the longitudinal orientation is substantially perpendicular to the transverse orientation. In other embodiments, the randomized refractive index variation in the transverse orientation associated with the minimum refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation results in an energy wave having a substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation and spatial localization along the transverse orientation. In addition, the viewing angle of the output light is further calculated, and by determining the ideal surface features required for the shape of the energy source side, this assembly structure 8300 can be optimized. FIG. 38 illustrates such an embodiment, where a plurality of modules are coupled together and the curvature of the energy source side occupies the viewing angle of the light on the larger output energy surface. Five relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are shown, but those skilled in the art will recognize that more or fewer relay modules can be coupled together depending on the application, and they can be coupled together in two dimensions to form an arbitrarily large output energy surface 8302.

[0210] In one embodiment, the system of FIG. 38 includes a plurality of relay elements 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 disposed (e.g., across columns or in a stacked configuration) in a first and a second direction, and each of the plurality of relay elements extends along the longitudinal orientation between the first surface and the second surface of the respective relay element. In some embodiments, the first and second surfaces of each of the plurality of relay elements extend substantially along the transverse orientation defined by the first and second directions, and the longitudinal orientation is substantially perpendicular to the transverse orientation. In other embodiments, the randomized refractive index variation in the transverse orientation associated with the minimum refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation results in an energy wave having a substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation and spatial localization along the transverse orientation. In addition, the viewing angle of the output light is further calculated, and by determining the ideal surface features required for the shape of the energy source side, this assembly structure 8300 can be optimized. FIG. 38 illustrates such an embodiment, where a plurality of modules are coupled together and the curvature of the energy source side occupies the viewing angle of the light on the larger output energy surface. Five relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are shown, but those skilled in the art will recognize that more or fewer relay modules can be coupled together depending on the application, and they can be coupled together in two dimensions to form an arbitrarily large output energy surface 8302. In one embodiment, the system of FIG. 38 includes a plurality of relay elements 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 disposed (e.g., across columns or in a stacked configuration) in a first and a second direction, and each of the plurality of relay elements extends along the longitudinal orientation between the first surface and the second surface of the respective relay element. In some embodiments, the first and second surfaces of each of the plurality of relay elements extend substantially along the transverse orientation defined by the first and second directions, and the longitudinal orientation is substantially perpendicular to the transverse orientation. In other embodiments, the randomized refractive index variation in the transverse orientation associated with the minimum refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation results in an energy wave having a substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation and spatial localization along the transverse orientation. In addition, the viewing angle of the output light is further calculated, and by determining the ideal surface features required for the shape of the energy source side, this assembly structure 8300 can be optimized. FIG. 38 illustrates such an embodiment, where a plurality of modules are coupled together and the curvature of the energy source side occupies the viewing angle of the light on the larger output energy surface. Five relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are shown, but those skilled in the art will recognize that more or fewer relay modules can be coupled together depending on the application, and they can be coupled together in two dimensions to form an arbitrarily large output energy surface 8302. In one embodiment, the system of FIG. 38 includes a plurality of relay elements 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 disposed (e.g., across columns or in a stacked configuration) in a first and a second direction, and each of the plurality of relay elements extends along the longitudinal orientation between the first surface and the second surface of the respective relay element. In some embodiments, the first and second surfaces of each of the plurality of relay elements extend substantially along the transverse orientation defined by the first and second directions, and the longitudinal orientation is substantially perpendicular to the transverse orientation. In other embodiments, the randomized refractive index variation in the transverse orientation associated with the minimum refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation results in an energy wave having a substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation and spatial localization along the transverse orientation. In addition, the viewing angle of the output light is further calculated, and by determining the ideal surface features required for the shape of the energy source side, this assembly structure 8300 can be optimized. FIG. 38 illustrates such an embodiment, where a plurality of modules are coupled together and the curvature of the energy source side occupies the viewing angle of the light on the larger output energy surface. Five relay modules 8304, 8306, 8308, 8310, 8312 are shown, but those skilled in the art will recognize that more or fewer relay modules can be coupled together depending on the application, and they can be coupled together in two dimensions to form an arbitrarily large output energy surface 8302.

[0211] In one embodiment, the plurality of relay elements are each along the first direction or the second direction. Arranged across the first or second direction so as to form a single tile-shaped surface Obtained. In some embodiments, the plurality of relay elements can be recognized by those skilled in the art To a matrix having at least a 2×2 configuration, or, without limitation, a 3×3 configuration , a 4×4 configuration, a 3×10 configuration, and other matrices including other configurations. In other embodiments, the seams between the single tile-shaped surfaces can be unrecognizable at a viewing distance twice the minimum dimension of the single tile-shaped surface.

[0212] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of relay elements (e.g., 8304, 8306, 8308 , 8310, 8312) is combined with a minimum refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation and has a randomized refractive index variation in the lateral Orientation, resulting in an energy wave having a substantially higher Transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation and spatial localization along the lateral orientation. In some embodiments where the relay is composed of a multi-core fiber, the energy wave propagating within each relay element Can travel in the longitudinal orientation determined by the alignment of the fibers in this orientation.

[0213] In other embodiments, each of the plurality of relay elements (e.g., 8304, 8306, 8308, 83 10, 8312) is configured to transport energy along the longitudinal orientation, and the energy wave propagating through the plurality of relay elements Has a higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation than in the lateral orientation due to the randomized refractive index variation , so that the energy Is localized in the lateral orientation. In some embodiments, the energy wave propagating between the relay elements Has a substantially higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation than in the lateral orientation​​ It can proceed substantially parallel to the longitudinal orientation. In other embodiments, the random refractive index variation of the lateral orientation associated with the minimum refractive index variation in the longitudinal orientation results in an energy wave having a substantially higher transport efficiency along the longitudinal orientation and a spatial localization along the lateral orientation.

[0214] FIG. 39 illustrates an orthogonal view of an arrangement 8400 of a plurality of optical taper relay modules coupled together with the shapes 8404, 8406, 8408, 8410, and 8412 of the vertical energy source side surface and the convex energy source surface 8402 that is radial about the central axis. FIG. 39 illustrates a variation of the configuration shown in FIG. 38 and has a shape of the vertical energy source side surface and a convex output energy surface that is radial about the central axis.

[0215] FIG. 40 illustrates an orthogonal view of an arrangement 8500 of a plurality of optical relay modules coupled together with the vertical output energy surface 8502 and the convex energy source side surface 8504 that is radial about the central axis.

[0216] In some embodiments, by configuring the source side surface of the energy relay array to be curved in a cylindrical shape about a central radius and having a flat energy output surface, the light receiving angle of the input energy source and the emission angle of the output energy source can be decoupled, and each energy source module can be better aligned with the light receiving cone of the energy relay, which can itself be limited due to constraints on parameters such as the magnification, NA, and other factors of the energy taper relay.

[0217] FIG. 41 illustrates a diagram of each energy output, such as a visible output beam, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The surface is configured independently and multiple energy relay modules are arranged in orthogonal FIG. 41 illustrates a configuration similar to FIG. 40, but with each energy relay - The output surfaces are independently configured, so the visible output beam is more uniform along the optical axis from the composite output energy surface at a given angle (or with less dependency on the adoption of a precise shape). It is released.

[0218] FIG. 42 illustrates a side view of an emission energy source and an energy Both relay output surfaces have various 8 illustrates an orthogonal view of an arrangement 8700 of multiple optical taper relay modules, the arrangement being configured with a For this purpose, FIG. 42 shows how the discharge energy source side and the relay output surface are Both are constructed with a curved shape that allows for greater control over the input and output beams. 1 illustrates a configuration having five modules,

[0219] FIG. 43 shows a seamless concave cylindrical surface whose individual output energy surfaces surround the viewer. The relay is configured to form an energy source surface, the ends of the sources being flat, and each of the 8 illustrates an orthogonal view of an arrangement 8800 of multiple optical relay modules bonded to an energy source. do.

[0220] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 43, and in FIGS. 81, 82, 83, 84, and 85 Similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the system is arranged in a first and second direction. may include a plurality of energy relays, and in each of the relays, energy is transported between a first surface and a second surface that define a longitudinal orientation, and the first and second surfaces of each of the relays extend generally along a lateral orientation defined by first and second directions, and the longitudinal orientation is substantially perpendicular to the lateral orientation. In this embodiment, moreover, an energy wave propagating through a plurality of relays has a high transport efficiency in the longitudinal orientation as compared to the lateral orientation due to high refractive index variations in the lateral orientation associated with minimal refractive index variations in the longitudinal orientation. In some embodiments where each relay is constructed of a multi-core fiber, an energy wave propagating within each relay element may travel in the longitudinal direction determined by the array of fibers in this orientation.

[0221] In one embodiment, similar to those described above, the first and second surfaces of each of the plurality of relay elements may generally curve along a lateral orientation, and the plurality of relay elements may be integrally formed across first and second directions. The plurality of relays may be assembled across first and second directions and arranged in a matrix having at least a 2×2 configuration and may include glass, optical fibers, optical films, plastics, polymers, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, a system of a plurality of relays may be arranged across a first direction or a second direction to form a single tiled surface along the first direction or the second direction, respectively. As described above, the plurality of relay elements may include, but are not limited to, a 3×3 configuration, a 4×4 configuration, a 3×10 configuration, and other configurations, as would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. ​​​, it can be arranged in other matrices. In other embodiments, the joints between single tile-shaped surfaces may not be recognizable at a viewing distance that is twice the minimum dimension of a single tile-shaped surface. The joints between single tile-shaped surfaces may not be recognizable at a viewing distance that is twice the minimum dimension of a single tile-shaped surface.

[0222] In the case of an energy relay mosaic, the following embodiments may be included: Both the first and the second surfaces may be planar, or one of the first and second surfaces may be planar, and the other may be non-planar, or the first and second surfaces may be non-planar. In some embodiments, both the first and second surfaces may be concave, one of the first and the second surfaces may be concave and the other may be convex, or both the first and second surfaces may be convex. In other embodiments, at least one of the first and second surfaces may be planar, non-planar, concave, or convex. The surface that is planar may be perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of energy transport, or may be non-perpendicular to this optical axis.

[0223] In some embodiments, the plurality of relays may cause a spatial expansion or contraction of an energy source, including but not limited to electromagnetic waves, light waves, and sound waves, among other types of energy waves. In other embodiments, the plurality of relays may also include a plurality of energy relays (e.g., a panel for an energy source, etc.), and the plurality of energy relays may have different widths and lengths among other dimensions. In some embodiments, the plurality of energy relays may also include loose coherent light relays or fibers. In some embodiments, the plurality of relays may cause a spatial expansion or contraction of an energy source, including but not limited to electromagnetic waves, light waves, and sound waves, among other types of energy waves. In other embodiments, the plurality of relays may also include a plurality of energy relays (e.g., a panel for an energy source, etc.). (such as a panel for an energy source), and the plurality of energy relays may have different widths and lengths among other dimensions. In some embodiments, the plurality of energy relays may also include loose coherent light relays or fibers.

[0224] Transmission in multi-energy regions During any stage of the manufacturing process of the energy relay material, processing steps may be introduced to​​ The relay material then effectively enables the transmission of energy belonging to two or more substantially different energy regions. This may require adding a second patterning, a second structure, or other material or design variations to the relay material. In one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a wavelength range of electromagnetic energy that can be effectively propagated through the material. Thus, different energy regions may refer to different frequency ranges of electromagnetic energy. Various established electromagnetic energy regions and energy subdomains are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, in one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a type of energy such as electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, tactile energy, or vibrational energy that propagates through different physical phenomena. The scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to only one type of energy, nor should it be limited to the wavelength or magnitude of a single energy, or the range or magnitude of a single wavelength. Figure 23A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of an ordered energy relay 2300 that can transport the energy of multiple energy regions. In Figure 23A, the energy relay 2300 includes two different types of energy transport materials, namely, material 2301 and material 2302. Material 2301 and 2302 are configured such that material 2301 comprises particles 2304 of a specific size configured to localize the energy entering within the first energy region, and material 2302 is configured to localize the energy entering within a second energy region different from the first energy region.

[0225] In one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a wavelength range of electromagnetic energy that can be effectively propagated through the material. Thus, different energy regions may refer to different frequency ranges of electromagnetic energy. Various established electromagnetic energy regions and energy subdomains are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, in one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a type of energy such as electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, tactile energy, or vibrational energy that propagates through different physical phenomena. The scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to only one type of energy, nor should it be limited to the wavelength or magnitude of a single energy, or the range or magnitude of a single wavelength. In one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a wavelength range of electromagnetic energy that can be effectively propagated through the material. Thus, different energy regions may refer to different frequency ranges of electromagnetic energy. Various established electromagnetic energy regions and energy subdomains are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, in one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a type of energy such as electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, tactile energy, or vibrational energy that propagates through different physical phenomena. The scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to only one type of energy, nor should it be limited to the wavelength or magnitude of a single energy, or the range or magnitude of a single wavelength. In one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a wavelength range of electromagnetic energy that can be effectively propagated through the material. Thus, different energy regions may refer to different frequency ranges of electromagnetic energy. Various established electromagnetic energy regions and energy subdomains are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, in one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a type of energy such as electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, tactile energy, or vibrational energy that propagates through different physical phenomena. The scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to only one type of energy, nor should it be limited to the wavelength or magnitude of a single energy, or the range or magnitude of a single wavelength. In one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a wavelength range of electromagnetic energy that can be effectively propagated through the material. Thus, different energy regions may refer to different frequency ranges of electromagnetic energy. Various established electromagnetic energy regions and energy subdomains are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, in one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a type of energy such as electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, tactile energy, or vibrational energy that propagates through different physical phenomena. The scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to only one type of energy, nor should it be limited to the wavelength or magnitude of a single energy, or the range or magnitude of a single wavelength. In one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a wavelength range of electromagnetic energy that can be effectively propagated through the material. Thus, different energy regions may refer to different frequency ranges of electromagnetic energy. Various established electromagnetic energy regions and energy subdomains are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, in one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a type of energy such as electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, tactile energy, or vibrational energy that propagates through different physical phenomena. The scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to only one type of energy, nor should it be limited to the wavelength or magnitude of a single energy, or the range or magnitude of a single wavelength. In one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a wavelength range of electromagnetic energy that can be effectively propagated through the material. Thus, different energy regions may refer to different frequency ranges of electromagnetic energy. Various established electromagnetic energy regions and energy subdomains are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, in one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a type of energy such as electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, tactile energy, or vibrational energy that propagates through different physical phenomena. The scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to only one type of energy, nor should it be limited to the wavelength or magnitude of a single energy, or the range or magnitude of a single wavelength. In one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a wavelength range of electromagnetic energy that can be effectively propagated through the material. Thus, different energy regions may refer to different frequency ranges of electromagnetic energy. Various established electromagnetic energy regions and energy subdomains are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, in one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a type of energy such as electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, tactile energy, or vibrational energy that propagates through different physical phenomena. The scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to only one type of energy, nor should it be limited to the wavelength or magnitude of a single energy, or the range or magnitude of a single wavelength. In one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a wavelength range of electromagnetic energy that can be effectively propagated through the material. Thus, different energy regions may refer to different frequency ranges of electromagnetic energy. Various established electromagnetic energy regions and energy subdomains are well known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, in one embodiment, the energy region may refer to a type of energy such as electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, tactile energy, or vibrational energy that propagates through different physical phenomena. The scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to only one type of energy, nor should it be limited to the wavelength or magnitude of a single energy, or the range or magnitude of a single wavelength.

[0226] Figure 23A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of an ordered energy relay 2300 that can transport the energy of multiple energy regions. In Figure 23A, the energy relay 2300 includes two different types of energy transport materials, namely, material 2301 and material 2302. Material 2301 and 2302 are configured such that material 2301 comprises particles 2304 of a specific size configured to localize the energy entering within the first energy region, and material 2302 is configured to localize the energy entering within a second energy region different from the first energy region. Figure 23A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of an ordered energy relay 2300 that can transport the energy of multiple energy regions. In Figure 23A, the energy relay 2300 includes two different types of energy transport materials, namely, material 2301 and material 2302. Material 2301 and 2302 are configured such that material 2301 comprises particles 2304 of a specific size configured to localize the energy entering within the first energy region, and material 2302 is configured to localize the energy entering within a second energy region different from the first energy region. Figure 23A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of an ordered energy relay 2300 that can transport the energy of multiple energy regions. In Figure 23A, the energy relay 2300 includes two different types of energy transport materials, namely, material 2301 and material 2302. Material 2301 and 2302 are configured such that material 2301 comprises particles 2304 of a specific size configured to localize the energy entering within the first energy region, and material 2302 is configured to localize the energy entering within a second energy region different from the first energy region. Figure 23A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of an ordered energy relay 2300 that can transport the energy of multiple energy regions. In Figure 23A, the energy relay 2300 includes two different types of energy transport materials, namely, material 2301 and material 2302. Material 2301 and 2302 are configured such that material 2301 comprises particles 2304 of a specific size configured to localize the energy entering within the first energy region, and material 2302 is configured to localize the energy entering within a second energy region different from the first energy region. Figure 23A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of an ordered energy relay 2300 that can transport the energy of multiple energy regions. In Figure 23A, the energy relay 2300 includes two different types of energy transport materials, namely, material 2301 and material 2302. Material 2301 and 2302 are configured such that material 2301 comprises particles 2304 of a specific size configured to localize the energy entering within the first energy region, and material 2302 is configured to localize the energy entering within a second energy region different from the first energy region. Figure 23A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of an ordered energy relay 2300 that can transport the energy of multiple energy regions. In Figure 23A, the energy relay 2300 includes two different types of energy transport materials, namely, material 2301 and material 2302. Material 2301 and 2302 are configured such that material 2301 comprises particles 2304 of a specific size configured to localize the energy entering within the first energy region, and material 2302 is configured to localize the energy entering within a second energy region different from the first energy region. Figure 23A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a lateral plane of an ordered energy relay 2300 that can transport the energy of multiple energy regions. In Figure 23A, the energy relay 2300 includes two different types of energy transport materials, namely, material 2301 and material 2302. Material 2301 and 2302 are configured such that material 2301 comprises particles 2304 of a specific size configured to localize the energy entering within the first energy region, and material 2302 is configured to localize the energy entering within a second energy region different from the first energy region. It can be designed to include particles such as particles 2303 of the present invention. In one embodiment, the relay material 2301 transmits mechanical energy in the form of ultrasonic waves, and the relay material 2302 transmits electromagnetic energy in the form of visible electromagnetic energy. In other embodiments, any number of energy-relay materials that act to transport energy may be present. In other embodiments, one or more energy transport materials are fabricated in a random distribution of component design structures (CES), and thus exhibit lateral Anderson localization of energy. In different embodiments, such as those shown in FIG. 23A, one or more relays are constructed by CESs arranged in an ordered distribution, and thus exhibit ordered energy localization as previously described in this disclosure. It should be recognized that relays in multiple energy regions can be constructed such that each relay material can exhibit Anderson localization or ordered energy localization. Furthermore, in other embodiments, relays with both transport mechanisms can be included. In one embodiment, there is one type reserved for each energy region, or each energy transport direction for a given energy region.

[0227] In one embodiment, materials 2301 and 2302 are designed such that energy entering the first energy region passes through material 2301 and is reflected by material 2302, and energy entering a second energy region different from the first energy region passes through material 2302 and is reflected by material 2301.

[0228] In certain embodiments, materials 2301 and 2302 can be the same material, but with the desired ​​​​​​​​To achieve selection of energy regions, have substantially different sizes. Manufacturing process In the case of reducing the size of a given energy relay material in a manufacturing process, after reduction a larger sized material can be introduced into the energy relay and then undergo all subsequent processing steps, resulting in a relay having selectivity for energy propagation in two or more different energy regions.

[0229] Utilizing the multiple energy region relays shown in FIG. 23A, a densely interleaved energy plane with energy positions can be constructed that maintains the spatial resolution of each type of energy that can be transported by the relay. For example, in one embodiment where material 2301 transports ultrasonic energy and material 2302 transports electromagnetic energy in the form of an image, the image can be transported via the relay with a resolution slightly degraded by the presence of material 2301 if material 2301 is appropriately sized and used at irregular and / or sparse intervals.

[0230] FIG. 23B illustrates a longitudinal plane cutaway view of an ordered energy energy relay 2300 that can transport the energy of multiple energy regions. The white regions in FIG. 23B illustrate material 2302 from FIG. 23A and the black lines illustrate material 2301 from FIG. 23A. FIG. 23B shows that a relay material having selectivity for multiple energy regions can appear as a cross-sectional view along the longitudinal (or propagation) direction. In one embodiment, the region of 2302 can be high density particles having selectivity for light propagation and the region of 2301 can be ultrasonic wave It can be a larger particle having selectivity for the propagation of wave numbers. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that a single relay can provide the advantage of having multiple energy regions of energy propagation within the material.

[0231] FIG. 24 illustrates a system 2400 for manufacturing an energy-relay material capable of propagating the energy of two different energy regions. In FIG. 24, a block 2401 of the energy-relay material is provided. In one embodiment, the block 2401 of the energy-relay material can be configured to transport energy belonging to a first energy region along the longitudinal plane of the block. One or more mechanical openings, such as 2402, can be formed so that a second pattern is introduced into the material. These regions can be drilled, etched, melted, formed, fused, etched, laser cut, chemically formed, or otherwise generated in a regular or irregular pattern appropriate for the desired energy region. In one embodiment, the mechanical opening 2402 can remain empty. For example, in one embodiment, the relay material can include holes that form waveguides for the propagation of sound waves. In one embodiment, a second material, such as 2403, can be added to fill the mechanical opening 2402. The material 2403 can have properties that allow the propagation of energy in an energy region different from that of the block 2401. Thus, when the material 2403 is integrated into the block 2401, the resulting relay effectively propagates the energy of two different energy regions. For example, the block 2401 can be for transporting high-resolution images.

[0232] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​configured to propagate localized electromagnetic energy, while the plug 2403 can be removed from the hole 24 02 and replaced with an energy relay designed to transport ultrasonic waves The resulting energy relay material can enable higher transport efficiency in the longitudinal plane than in the transverse plane in the case of two energy regions.

[0233] In one embodiment, a relay element in the form of a faceplate or block designed for visible light has a series of micro-perforations passing through the surface of the faceplate to introduce a flexible mechanical acoustic waveguide tube into the energy relay material.

[0234] FIG. 25 illustrates a perspective view of an energy relay element 2500 that can relay energy between two different energy regions. The relay 2500 can include a first material 2501 and a second material 2502. The materials 2501 and 2502 can be substantially the same material, but can differ in dimensional size or shape. Alternatively, the materials 2501 and 2502 can be different materials having various energy propagation characteristics. The materials 2501 and 2502 can include a plurality of ordered or disordered substituent energy relay particles, or can be monolithic materials.

[0235] FIG. 26 illustrates a perspective view of an energy relay element 2600 that can relay energy between two different energy regions including a flexible energy waveguide. In the configuration shown in FIG. 26, a first material 2601 can be introduced through a second material 2602 so as to effectively transport energy between two different energy regions through the material. ​​​​Then, the energy in the first energy region is transported to the side surface of the element 2600 through which it is transported. To transport it to the bottom of the element 2600, a flexible waveguide 2603 can be added to the bottom of the element 2600. Similarly, to transport the energy in the second energy region to the side surface of 2600 through which it is transported, a flexible waveguide 2604 can be added to the bottom of the element 2600. The flexible waveguides 2603 and 2604 can be designed to effectively transport the energy belonging to different energy regions. In one embodiment, the waveguide 2603 can be designed to transport the energy in the same energy region as the material 2601, and the waveguide 2604 can be designed to transport the energy in the same energy region as the material 2602. In one embodiment, the flexible waveguides 2603 and 2604 can be attached to an energy projection or receiving device (not shown) at the second end. Due to their flexibility, the flexible waveguides 2603 and 2604 enable the surface of the relay element 2600 for receiving and projecting energy to be at substantially different positions in the 2D or 3D space. The flexible waveguides can be combined for multiple energy regions to enable seamless mixing between two or more energy devices.

[0236] In one embodiment, the flexible waveguides 2603 and 2604 can be attached to an energy projection or receiving device (not shown) at the second end. Due to their flexibility, the flexible waveguides 2603 and 2604 enable the surface of the relay element 2600 for receiving and projecting energy to be at substantially different positions in the 2D or 3D space. The flexible waveguides 2603 and 2604, due to their flexibility, enable the surface of the relay element 2600 for receiving and projecting energy to be at substantially different positions in the 2D or 3D space. This makes it possible. The flexible waveguide enables seamless mixing between two or more energy devices. For this purpose, it can be combined for multiple energy regions.

[0237] Figure 27 illustrates a method for forming a multi - energy region relay 2700 including different materials 2703 and 2704 before and after fusion. In Figure 27B, the individual rods of the two relay materials 2703 and 2704 are provided and arranged in the configuration shown by 2701. The configuration of the materials 2703 and 2704 is along the longitudinal plane of the material, the first and arranged as shown. The configuration of the materials 2703 and 2704 is along the longitudinal plane of the material, the first 1 and the energy belonging to the second energy region can be configured to transport. In one embodiment, materials 2703 and 2704 are designed to transport energy belonging to different energy regions. Then, the materials within configuration 2701 are fused together to form a single seamless energy relay shown at 27 02. In one embodiment, fusing configuration 2701 together can be performed in any order in the following steps, namely, applying heat to the configuration, applying a compressive force to the configuration, applying cooling to the configuration , and performing a chemical reaction on the arrangement with or without a catalyst. Relay 2702 may be capable of relaying energy belonging to a particular energy region to materials 270 3 and 2704. In one embodiment, depending on the "desired energy propagation characteristics" of the fused relay 27 02, either material 2703 or 2704 may be selected as air. For example, one of the desired energy regions for propagation through relay 2702 may be sound, leading to air being selected as a possible energy relay material. In one embodiment, the energy relay material may be a flexible material before fusion or may have flexibility induced between the materials as a result of the fusion process. In one embodiment, energy relay materials 2703 and 2704 may comprise one or more component design structures, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. In one embodiment , the method illustrated in FIG. 27 may be performed using a constrained space provided by a mold, whereby materials 2703 and 2704 are disposed within configuration 2701 while performing the fusion process step(s) and then housed within the constrained space. For example, one of the desired energy regions for propagation through relay 2702 may be sound, leading to air being selected as a possible energy relay material. In one embodiment, the energy relay material may be a flexible material before fusion or may have flexibility induced between the materials as a result of the fusion process. In one embodiment, energy relay materials 2703 and 2704 may comprise one or more component design structures, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. In one embodiment the energy relay material may be a flexible material before fusion or may have flexibility induced between the materials as a result of the fusion process. In one embodiment, energy relay materials 2703 and 2704 may comprise one or more component design structures, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. In one embodiment the energy relay materials 2703 and 2704 may comprise one or more component design structures, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. In one embodiment the energy relay materials 2703 and 2704 may comprise one or more component design structures, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. In one embodiment is that the method illustrated in FIG. 27 may be performed using a constrained space provided by a mold, whereby materials 2703 and 2704 are disposed within configuration 2701 while performing the fusion process step(s) and then housed within the constrained space. while performing the fusion process step(s) and then housed within the constrained space.

[0238] Figure 28 illustrates a perspective view of an energy relay 2800 with a plurality of perforations. In the relay -2800, other forms of holes such as micro-perforations or holes 2801 can be created in the energy relay to provide the ability to relay energy to a first energy region while allowing sound, mechanical energy, liquids, or any other desired structures to freely pass through the energy relay simultaneously with the first energy region.

[0239] For simplicity, the examples discussed herein include relays designed to transport energy between two different energy regions. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the exact number of different energy regions need not be two, and the principles disclosed herein can be used to design materials for transporting any desired number of energies between different energy regions. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure should not be considered limited to materials designed only for the transport between two different energy regions.

[0240] Energy coupling element When both relay materials 2603 and 2604 are each coupled to the energy source and wavelength of the corresponding energy region, the relay 1900 shown in FIG. 26 can be considered a relay combination element that can be configured as a dual energy source. An energy projection system utilizes interleaved energy positions such as those shown in FIG. 26 as well as the relay 2300 shown in FIG. 23A to transport energy from two different energy sources to each energy region This energy induced by the dimensions and the arrangement of two different types of relay regions can be combined with a spatial resolution onto a single surface. In one embodiment, the energy coupling element enables interleaving of two or more energy propagation paths, an example of which is shown in FIG. 20. Additionally, since the energy relay is bidirectional, it is possible to simultaneously absorb two different types of energy from one surface, or source and sensed energy from a single surface.

[0241] FIG. 19A illustrates an energy relay combination element 1900 comprising a first surface and two woven second surfaces 1930, wherein the second surface 1930 has both an energy emitting device 1910 and an energy sensing device 1920. A further embodiment of FIG. 19A has two or more sub-structural components 1910, 1920 for at least one of the two or more second relay surfaces 1930, including an energy relay combination element 1900 presenting different design characteristics between the sub-structural components of the two or more second relay surfaces 1930, including the diameter of the sub-structure, wherein the diameter of each sub-structure of one or more second surfaces 19 30 is substantially similar to the wavelength in the determined energy device and energy frequency domain.

[0242] FIG. 19B illustrates a further embodiment of FIG. 19A, wherein the energy relay combination element 1901 includes one or more element types 1910 within one or more waveguide element surfaces 1930, 1920, and characteristics such that each of the element types 1910, 1920 is designed to alter the propagation paths 1950, 1960 of wavelengths within a balanced energy frequency domain. Well. In one embodiment, the energy relay combination element 1950 may include an electromagnetic energy emitting device 1910 and a mechanical energy emitting device 1920, and each device 1910, 1920 is configured to change the electromagnetic energy relay path 1950 and the mechanical energy relay path 1960, respectively. 1920 is configured to change the electromagnetic energy relay path 1950 and the mechanical energy relay path 1960, respectively. is configured to change the mechanical energy relay path 1960.

[0243] In another embodiment, the wavelength of any second energy frequency domain may not be substantially affected by the first energy frequency domain. The combination of two or more second surfaces of the energy relay and one or more element types within one or more waveguide elements substantially independently of what is required for the specified application, through the energy device, the energy relay, and the energy waveguide, provides the ability to substantially propagate through one or more energy domains. provides the ability to substantially propagate through one or more energy domains. provides the ability to substantially propagate through one or more energy domains.

[0244] In one embodiment, the energy relay combination element 1901 is assembled in a stacked configuration to form an electromagnetic energy waveguide 1970 and a mechanical energy waveguide 1980 that are combined with a simultaneous and integrated seamless energy surface 1930 similar to those described above. In one embodiment, the energy relay combination element 1901 is assembled in a stacked configuration to form an electromagnetic energy waveguide 1970 and a mechanical energy waveguide 1980 that are combined with a simultaneous and integrated seamless energy surface 1930 similar to those described above. and a mechanical energy waveguide 1980 coupled to a simultaneous and integrated seamless energy surface 1930 similar to those described above. During operation, the energy relay combination element 1901 can transmit the energy path so that all energy can converge around the same position 1990. During operation, the energy relay combination element 1901 can transmit the energy path so that all energy can converge around the same position 1990. is capable of propagating the energy path so that all energy can converge around the same position 1990.

[0245] In some embodiments, this waveguide 1901 includes a bidirectional energy surface, one interleaved segment for propagating energy, and receiving energy at the energy surface In some embodiments, this waveguide 1901 includes a bidirectional energy surface, one interleaved segment for propagating energy, and receiving energy at the energy surface It can be a single relay element having a second interleaved segment to be performed. In this way, this is repeated for each energy relay module in the system so that a bidirectional energy plane can be generated.

[0246] Seamless energy directing device FIG. 58 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment 5800 of an energy directing device in which an energy relay element stack is arranged in an 8×4 array to form a single seamless energy directing surface 5810 having the shortest dimension of the end surface of each tapered energy relay element stack parallel to the longest dimension of the energy plane 5810. Energy originates from 32 separate energy sources 5850, each of which is joined or otherwise attached to the first element of an energy relay element stack. In one embodiment, the energy plane 5810 can be arranged to form a display wall. In one embodiment, the distance between the edges of any two adjacent second surfaces of the terminal energy relay elements may be smaller than the minimum perceptible profile defined by the visual acuity of a human eye with better than 20 / 100 vision, which is greater than the smaller of the height or width of a single seamless display surface. FIG. 59 includes the following views of embodiment 59A00, namely, front view 5910, top view 5910, side view 5930, and enlarged side view 5940. In one embodiment, the energy plane 5810 can be arranged to form a display wall. In one embodiment, the energy plane 5810 can be arranged to form a display wall.

[0247] In one embodiment, the energy plane 5810 can be arranged to form a display wall. It can be obtained.

[0248] In one embodiment, the distance between the edges of any two adjacent second surfaces of the terminal energy relay elements is defined by the visual acuity of a human eye with better than 20 / 100 vision, which is greater than the smaller of the height or width of a single seamless display surface, and is smaller than the minimum perceptible profile. From a single seamless display surface to a single seamless display Surface height, or smaller than the width of a single seamless display surface At a distance greater than, it may be smaller than the minimum perceptible profile. It may be smaller than the minimum perceptible profile defined by the visual acuity of a human eye with better than 20 / 100 vision.

[0249] FIG. 59 includes the following views of embodiment 59A00, namely, front view 5910, top view 5910, side view 5930, and enlarged side view 5940. Including, front view 5910, top view 5910, side view 5930, and enlarged side view 5940.

[0250] FIG. 60 is an enlarged view of side view 5940 of an energy directing device 1600, which consists of a repeating structure composed of an energy relay element stack 6030 disposed along a lateral orientation defined by first and second directions, and is used to propagate energy waves from a plurality of energy units 6050 to a single common seamless energy surface 6080 formed by a second surface of the energy relay element stack. Each energy unit 6050 consists of an energy source 6010 and a mechanical housing 6050 that houses drive electronics. Each relay stack consists of a faceplate 6040 on one side directly joined to the energy source 6010 at equal magnification, and a tapered energy relay on the other side. The taper spatially expands the energy wave from the faceplate while propagating the energy to the seamless energy surface 6080. In one embodiment, the magnification of the tapered energy relay is 2:1. In one embodiment, the tapered energy relay 6020 is held in place by a common base structure 6060, and each of these tapers is joined to a faceplate 601640, which is then joined to the energy unit 6050. To ensure that the smallest possible seam gap is realized, adjacent tapers 6020 are joined or fused together at a seam 6070. All of the tapered energy relays within the entire 8×4 array are arranged in a seamless mosaic pattern such that the second surface of each tapered energy relay forms a single continuous energy surface 6080, which is polished during assembly to ensure flatness. In one embodiment, surface 601 consists of an energy relay element stack 6030 disposed along a lateral orientation defined by first and second directions, and is used to propagate energy waves from a plurality of energy units 6050 to a single common seamless energy surface 6080 formed by a second surface of the energy relay element stack. Each energy unit 6050 consists of an energy source 6010 and a mechanical housing 6050 that houses drive electronics. Each relay stack consists of a faceplate 6040 on one side directly joined to the energy source 6010 at equal magnification, and a tapered energy relay on the other side. The taper spatially expands the energy wave from the faceplate while propagating the energy to the seamless energy surface 6080. In one embodiment, the magnification of the tapered energy relay is 2:1. In one embodiment, the tapered energy relay 6020 is held in place by a common base structure 6060, and each of these tapers is joined to a faceplate 601640, which is then joined to the energy unit 6050. To ensure that the smallest possible seam gap is realized, adjacent tapers 6020 are joined or fused together at a seam 6070. All of the tapered energy relays within the entire 8×4 array are arranged in a seamless mosaic pattern such that the second surface of each tapered energy relay forms a single continuous energy surface 6080, which is polished during assembly to ensure flatness. In one embodiment, surface 601 from a plurality of energy units 6050 to a single common seamless energy surface 6080 formed by a second surface of the energy relay element stack. Each energy unit 6050 consists of an energy source 6010 and a mechanical housing 6050 that houses drive electronics. Each relay stack consists of a faceplate 6040 on one side directly joined to the energy source 6010 at equal magnification, and a tapered energy relay on the other side. The taper spatially expands the energy wave from the faceplate while propagating the energy to the seamless energy surface 6080. In one embodiment, the magnification of the tapered energy relay is 2:1. In one embodiment, the tapered energy relay 6020 is held in place by a common base structure 6060, and each of these tapers is joined to a faceplate 601640, which is then joined to the energy unit 6050. To ensure that the smallest possible seam gap is realized, adjacent tapers 6020 are joined or fused together at a seam 6070. All of the tapered energy relays within the entire 8×4 array are arranged in a seamless mosaic pattern such that the second surface of each tapered energy relay forms a single continuous energy surface 6080, which is polished during assembly to ensure flatness. In one embodiment, surface 601 formed by a second surface of the energy relay element stack. Each energy unit 6050 consists of an energy source 6010 and a mechanical housing 6050 that houses drive electronics. Each relay stack consists of a faceplate 6040 on one side directly joined to the energy source 6010 at equal magnification, and a tapered energy relay on the other side. The taper spatially expands the energy wave from the faceplate while propagating the energy to the seamless energy surface 6080. In one embodiment, the magnification of the tapered energy relay is 2:1. In one embodiment, the tapered energy relay 6020 is held in place by a common base structure 6060, and each of these tapers is joined to a faceplate 601640, which is then joined to the energy unit 6050. To ensure that the smallest possible seam gap is realized, adjacent tapers 6020 are joined or fused together at a seam 6070. All of the tapered energy relays within the entire 8×4 array are arranged in a seamless mosaic pattern such that the second surface of each tapered energy relay forms a single continuous energy surface 6080, which is polished during assembly to ensure flatness. In one embodiment, surface 601 is polished during assembly to ensure flatness. In one embodiment, surface 601 Each energy unit 6050 consists of an energy source 6010 and a mechanical housing 6050 that houses drive electronics. Each relay stack consists of a faceplate 6040 on one side directly joined to the energy source 6010 at equal magnification, and a tapered energy relay on the other side. The taper spatially expands the energy wave from the faceplate while propagating the energy to the seamless energy surface 6080. In one embodiment, the magnification of the tapered energy relay is 2:1. In one embodiment, the tapered energy relay 6020 is held in place by a common base structure 6060, and each of these tapers is joined to a faceplate 601640, which is then joined to the energy unit 6050. To ensure that the smallest possible seam gap is realized, adjacent tapers 6020 are joined or fused together at a seam 6070. All of the tapered energy relays within the entire 8×4 array are arranged in a seamless mosaic pattern such that the second surface of each tapered energy relay forms a single continuous energy surface 6080, which is polished during assembly to ensure flatness. In one embodiment, surface 601 and a mechanical housing 6050 that houses drive electronics. Each relay stack consists of a faceplate 6040 on one side directly joined to the energy source 6010 at equal magnification, and a tapered energy relay on the other side. The taper spatially expands the energy wave from the faceplate while propagating the energy to the seamless energy surface 6080. In one embodiment, the magnification of the tapered energy relay is 2:1. In one embodiment, the tapered energy relay 6020 is held in place by a common base structure 6060, and each of these tapers is joined to a faceplate 601640, which is then joined to the energy unit 6050. To ensure that the smallest possible ...

Claims

1. 1. An energy directing system comprising: an energy surface comprising a plurality of first energy locations configured to direct a first energy from the energy surface; an energy device comprising one or more conductive diaphragms mounted between one or more pairs of conductive planes having a plurality of apertures; Equipped with the energy device is disposed adjacent to the energy surface and extends across at least a portion of a surface of the energy surface, the plurality of openings being substantially aligned with the plurality of first energy locations; the one or more conductive diaphragms are substantially transparent to the first energy directed from the energy surface; An energy directing system configured such that one or more pairs of the conductive planes move the one or more conductive diaphragms, thereby generating a second energy directed from the energy device.

2. the energy surface is a display wall, the plurality of energy locations are a plurality of light sources, and the first energy comprises light energy; The energy directing system of claim 1 , wherein the energy device is an electrostatic speaker and the second energy comprises sound waves.

3. The energy directing system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of light sources comprises LED light sources.

4. 1. An energy system comprising: an array of waveguides, each waveguide comprising one or more elements disposed on a separate substrate, each waveguide comprising at least one aperture; an energy device comprising one or more conductive diaphragms mounted between one or more pairs of conductive planes having a plurality of energy apertures; Equipped with The energy device is configured such that when a voltage is applied across one or more pairs of the conductive planes, the one or more pairs of the conductive planes induce movement of the one or more conductive diaphragms, thereby generating energy. The plurality of energy openings substantially coincide with the plurality of waveguide openings. An energy system, wherein the energy device is configured to be accommodated between the separate substrates of the array of waveguides.

5. The energy system according to claim 4, wherein the conductive plane disposed between the one or more elements of the waveguide suppresses energy propagation between adjacent waveguides.

6. An energy directing system, comprising: An energy source system configured to generate at least a first energy at a plurality of energy positions; An array of waveguides, each waveguide of the array of waveguides being configured to receive the at least first energy from a corresponding subset of the plurality of energy positions, each energy position of the subset of the plurality of energy positions substantially filling an opening of each waveguide, each waveguide directing the at least first energy along a plurality of propagation paths, each propagation path of the plurality of propagation paths being determined at least by the position of the corresponding energy position; an array of waveguides; An energy device comprising one or more conductive diaphragms mounted between one or more pairs of conductive planes having a plurality of openings; and The energy device is disposed adjacent to and extends over at least a portion of the array of waveguides such that the plurality of openings of the energy device substantially coincide with the openings of the array of waveguides. The one or more conductive diaphragms are substantially transmissive to the at least first energy directed along the plurality of propagation paths. The energy device is configured to induce movement of one or more of the conductive diaphragms when a voltage is applied across one or more pairs of the conductive planes, thereby generating a second energy directed in cooperation with the plurality of propagation paths, an energy directing system. **Claim 7** The energy directing system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of propagation paths of each waveguide of the waveguide array are combined to form a 4D energy field of at least the first energy. **Claim 8** The energy directing system according to claim 6, wherein the second energy comprises acoustic energy. **Claim 9** The energy directing system according to claim 6, wherein the one or more conductive planes of the energy device are configured to suppress propagation of at least the first energy, whereby any portion of at least the first energy from the corresponding subset of the plurality of energy positions associated with the waveguide that does not pass through the aperture of the waveguide is substantially absorbed. **Claim 10** The energy directing system according to claim 6, wherein the energy device comprises a plurality of pairs of conductive planes, each pair being configured to operate independently of each other. **Claim 11** The energy directing system according to claim 10, wherein the second energy is sound energy. **Claim 12** The energy directing system according to claim 10, wherein the second energy is ultrasonic energy. **Claim 13** The energy directing system according to claim 12, wherein the energy device is operable to generate an acoustic energy field that forms at least one volumetric tactile surface in cooperation with the plurality of propagation paths of at least the first energy. **Claim 14** Combining the plurality of propagation paths of each waveguide of the waveguide array to form a 4D energy field of the at least first energy, the volumetric haptic surface being generated in cooperation with the 4D energy field, the energy-directed system according to claim 13.

15. The energy-directed system is configured to generate a hologram of the first energy occupying the 4D energy field, the energy device being configured to generate a plurality of volumetric haptic surfaces that substantially match the generated hologram, the energy-directed system according to claim 14.

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