System and method for actively adjusting cloud point and refrigeration cycle

Abstract

To provide a process for liquid phase change including for active cloud point (e.g., critical solution temperature) adjustment and heating or cooling (e.g., refrigeration) cycles.SOLUTION: There is provided a liquid phase refrigeration or heat pump cycle process with a liquid system, wherein the process comprises: 1) absorbing heat by mixing two or more liquid phases endothermically in a phase transition; 2) releasing heat exothermically by transforming a liquid phase into two or more liquid phases in a phase transition; and 3) adjusting the phase transition temperature such that the phase transition temperature of the step 1) is different from the phase transition temperature of the step 2), wherein the adjusting comprises changing the concentration of a reagent.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is filed on January 26, 2018, each of which is incorporated by reference for U.S. purposes. Provisional Application No. 62 / 622,528, filed May 11, 2018; No. 2 / 670,117, and No. 62 / 771, filed on November 27, 2018. Priority is claimed to No. 902.

[0002] Background and Summary of the Invention In the prior art, heat transfer is achieved by cooling and heating liquids such as water. It is driven almost entirely by heat capacity. In other prior art, the refrigerant requires cooling. In the case of heating, the refrigerant working fluid boils on the cooling side and condenses on the cooling side. A refrigerant is used that boils on the supply side and condenses on the side that requires heating. In many cases, it requires expensive refrigerant handling systems and is prohibitively expensive to transport cold over relatively long distances. It costs a lot of money.

[0003] In addition, any of the above prior art systems typically have a temperature or ambient They do not transfer heat or cold regardless of other conditions. If the working fluid arrives at the cooling application at the same temperature as the surrounding environment, it will Loss of most or all of the cooling or heating input source(s) For example, in a specific heat coolant-based cooling system, the coolant is transported, e.g. When the temperature around the tube rises, the coolant heats up during transmission to the cooling demand source, and the cooling demand When the cooling capacity of the cooling system is reached, it loses a significant amount or all of its cooling capacity. As a result, there are significant limitations on the distance over which specific heat can be transported while maintaining its cooling capacity. This is also true for heat transfer systems, except that losses due to heating of the surrounding working fluid are replaced by losses due to cooling of the surrounding working fluid.

[0004] In addition, the CAPEX and OPEX of the specific heat coolant or heat transfer system become very expensive as the distance of movement increases, for reasons including that the relative liquid volume required increases progressively as the transport distance increases, and the cost of insulated piping or other components, among others. Similarly, in the case of refrigerant-based coolants, if the refrigerant condensed during transport to the cooling demand source is heated by its surroundings, at least a portion of the refrigerant will evaporate or volatilize, and the cooling capacity will decrease or cease to exist upon reaching the cooling application. This is also true for heat transfer systems, except that losses may be due to condensation rather than volatilization of the working fluid. Also, similarly, for refrigerant-based coolants or heat transfer fluids, the CAPEX and OPEX become very expensive as the distance of movement increases, for reasons including that the flow rate of the working fluid per unit of cooling capacity required increases progressively as the transport distance increases, the cost of insulated piping, and precautions and risks associated with the refrigerant, among others. Therefore, more effective systems and processes for both cooling and heating applications are needed in the art.

[0005] Advantageously, the embodiments described herein address many or all of the aforementioned deficiencies in the prior art. Overcome these and also have their own independent advantages. There are many embodiments described in detail below. Certain embodiments relate to refrigeration cycles, and other embodiments relate to the cloud point, i.e., the active adjustment of the critical solution temperature. In addition, novel compositions are described that include various critical solution temperature reagents and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006]

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Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0007] Description of Figures 1-12 Figure 1A: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat transfer by heating or cooling. This sys tem may use the separation of a multi-liquid mixture into two or more constituent liquid phases. For example, one or more Using the membrane-based process above, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of the liquid system may be employed. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature(s) in the liquid system. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature(s) in the liquid system. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. This figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. This figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases.

[0008] Figure 1B: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat or cooling transfer. This system may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to actively adjust the cloud point temperature of the liquid system, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in, for example, the combined solution. This system may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to actively adjust the cloud point temperature of the liquid system, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents. This system may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to actively adjust the cloud point temperature of the liquid system, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in, for example, the combined solution. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in, for example, the combined solution. This figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in, for example, the combined solution. This figure may show an active decrease in LCST by increasing the concentration of one or more "reagents affecting LCST" or "reagents decreasing LCST" (e.g., salts) in, for example, the combined solution.

[0009] Figure 1C: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, one or more This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, one or more Using the above membrane-based process, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active increase in the LCST by, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, thereby reducing or diluting the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. By way of, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active increase in the LCST by, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, thereby reducing or diluting the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. By way of, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active increase in the LCST by, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, thereby reducing or diluting the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. By way of, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active increase in the LCST by, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, thereby reducing or diluting the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. By way of, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active increase in the LCST by, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, thereby reducing or diluting the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. By way of, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active increase in the LCST by, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, thereby reducing or diluting the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. By way of, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active increase in the LCST by, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, thereby reducing or diluting the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. By way of, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active increase in the LCST by, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, thereby reducing or diluting the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases. By way of, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show an active increase in the LCST by, for example, adding a permeate liquid or permeate-like liquid, thereby reducing or diluting the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) in one or more of the separated liquid phases.

[0010] Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents. Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents. Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents. Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents. Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents. Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents. Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents. Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents. Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents. Figure 1D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of two or more constituent liquid phases of a multi-liquid mixture, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by varying the concentration of one or more reagents, an active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems may be used. This embodiment may include a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature(s). For example, this figure may show a system that maintains the same cloud point temperature by, for example, keeping the concentration of one or more "reagents that affect the LCST" or "reagents that lower the LCST" (e.g., salts) unchanged. For example, one or more liquid streams may bypass one or more steps for adjusting the concentration of one or more reagents.

[0011] Figure 2A: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat or cooling transfer. This system may use the separation of a multi-liquid mixture into two or more constituent liquid phases, for example, using one or more membrane-based processes, or may use the active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems, for example, by changing the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heat or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show the active decrease of the UCST, for example, by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents, which decreases the UCST as the concentration increases. The adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures may be performed, for example, by one or more "heat absorption" steps or by adjusting the concentration or composition in the combined single liquid phase solution produced thereby or thereafter.

[0012] Figure 2B: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat or cooling transfer. This system may use the active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of the liquid system, for example, by using one or more membrane-based processes, for example, by changing the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heat or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show the decrease of the UCST, for example, by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents, which decreases the UCST as the concentration increases. may exhibit an active decrease. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures can be achieved, for example, by one or more "heat absorption" steps or by adjusting the concentration or composition in the combined single liquid phase solution generated thereafter. For example, it can be done by adjusting the concentration or composition.

[0013] Figure 2C: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat transfer or cooling. This system may use the separation of a multi-liquid mixture into two or more constituent liquid phases. For example, one or more membrane-based processes can be used to actively adjust the cloud point temperature of the liquid system, such as by changing the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid phase change heat transfer or cooling system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature in some cases. For example, this figure may show an active increase in UCST, such as by adding a permeate liquid or a permeate-equivalent liquid to the liquid system, for example, by diluting or reducing the concentration of one or more reagents that lower the UCST as the concentration increases. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures can be achieved, for example, by one or more "heat absorption" steps or by adjusting the concentration or composition in the combined single liquid phase solution generated thereafter. For example, it can be done by adjusting the concentration or composition. This figure may show an active increase in UCST, such as by adding a permeate liquid or a permeate-equivalent liquid to the liquid system, for example, by diluting or reducing the concentration of one or more reagents that lower the UCST as the concentration increases. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures can be achieved, for example, by one or more "heat absorption" steps or by adjusting the concentration or composition in the combined single liquid phase solution generated thereafter. For example, it can be done by adjusting the concentration or composition. This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat transfer or cooling. This system

[0014] Figure 2D: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat transfer or cooling. This system may use the separation of a multi-liquid mixture into two or more constituent liquid phases. For example, one or more membrane-based processes can be used to actively adjust the cloud point temperature of the liquid system, such as by changing the concentration of one or more reagents. Active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of a liquid system may also be used. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show maintaining the same UCST by enabling one or more liquid streams to bypass one or more steps for adjusting composition or concentration. Figure 2E: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to actively vary the cloud point temperature of a liquid system, such as by varying the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in UCST, such as by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents, which decreases the UCST with increasing concentration. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures may be accomplished, for example, by adjusting the concentration or composition in one or more liquid streams that are at least partially separated from a multi-liquid phase mixture. The one or more liquid streams may be combined with other separated liquid streams before or within one or more heat exchangers having one or more applications that require heating or cooling. There are cases where one or more cloud point temperatures can be actively adjusted or the same cloud point temperature can be maintained. For example, this figure can show maintaining the same UCST by allowing one or more liquid flows to bypass one or more steps for adjusting the composition or concentration. For example, this figure shows that, for example, one or more liquid flows can bypass one or more steps for adjusting the composition or concentration, thereby making it possible to maintain the same UCST. By enabling one or more liquid streams to bypass one or more steps for adjusting composition or concentration, for example, the same UCST can be maintained. Figure 2E: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to actively vary the cloud point temperature of a liquid system, such as by varying the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in UCST, such as by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents, which decreases the UCST with increasing concentration. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures may be accomplished, for example, by adjusting the concentration or composition in one or more liquid streams that are at least partially separated from a multi-liquid phase mixture. The one or more liquid streams may be combined with other separated liquid streams before or within one or more heat exchangers having one or more applications that require heating or cooling.

[0015] Figure 2E: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to actively vary the cloud point temperature of a liquid system, such as by varying the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in UCST, such as by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents, which decreases the UCST with increasing concentration. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures may be accomplished, for example, by adjusting the concentration or composition in one or more liquid streams that are at least partially separated from a multi-liquid phase mixture. The one or more liquid streams may be combined with other separated liquid streams before or within one or more heat exchangers having one or more applications that require heating or cooling. This system may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to actively vary the cloud point temperature of a liquid system, such as by varying the concentration of one or more reagents. By using, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to vary the concentration of one or more reagents, an active change in the cloud point temperature of a liquid system can be achieved. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. There are cases where one or more cloud point temperatures can be actively adjusted or the same cloud point temperature can be maintained. For example, this figure shows that, for example, with an increase in concentration, the UCST decreases. For example, an active decrease in UCST can be shown by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents, which decreases the UCST with increasing concentration. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures can be done, for example, by adjusting the concentration or composition in one or more liquid streams that are at least partially separated from a multi-liquid phase mixture. The adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures can be achieved by adjusting the concentration or composition in one or more liquid streams that are at least partially separated from a multi-liquid phase mixture. The one or more liquid streams can be combined with other separated liquid streams before or within one or more heat exchangers having one or more applications that require heating or cooling. The one or more liquid streams may be combined with other separated liquid streams before or within one or more heat exchangers having one or more applications that require heating or cooling. Figure 2F: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to actively vary the cloud point temperature of a liquid system, such as by varying the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in UCST, such as by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents, which decreases the UCST with increasing concentration. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures may be accomplished, for example, by adjusting the concentration or composition in one or more liquid streams that are at least partially separated from a multi-liquid phase mixture. The one or more liquid streams may be combined with other separated liquid streams before or within one or more heat exchangers having one or more applications that require heating or cooling.

[0016] Figure 2F: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heating or cooling transfer. This system may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes to actively vary the cloud point temperature of a liquid system, such as by varying the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be capable of actively adjusting one or more cloud point temperatures or maintaining the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show an active decrease in UCST, such as by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents, which decreases the UCST with increasing concentration. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures may be accomplished, for example, by adjusting the concentration or composition in one or more liquid streams that are at least partially separated from a multi-liquid phase mixture. The one or more liquid streams may be combined with other separated liquid streams before or within one or more heat exchangers having one or more applications that require heating or cooling. The stem may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes and may use, for example, the active change of the cloud point temperature of a liquid system by changing the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show a decrease in UCST with an increase in concentration by adding, for example, a permeate liquid or a permeate equivalent liquid to one or more reagents. This embodiment may show an active increase in UCST by, for example, diluting one or more reagents or decreasing their concentration. The adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures may be performed by, for example, adjusting the concentration or composition in one or more liquid streams separated from a multi-liquid phase mixture. The one or more liquid streams may be combined with other separated liquid streams before or within one or more heat exchangers that exchange heat with one or more applications that require heating or cooling. Figure 2G: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat transfer. The stem may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes and may use, for example, the active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of one or more liquid systems by changing the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment may include an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heating or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may be able to actively adjust one or more cloud point temperatures or maintain the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may allow one or more liquid streams to bypass one or more steps for adjusting concentration or composition.

[0017] By doing so, it can be shown that the same UCST is maintained.

[0018] Figure 3: This figure may include a liquid phase change system for heat or cooling transfer. This sys tem may use, for example, one or more membrane-based processes and may use, for example, active adjustment of the cloud point temperature of a liquid system by changing the concentration of one or more reagents. This embodiment includes an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) liquid system phase change heat or cooling transfer system. This embodiment may actively change one or more cloud point temperatures or may be able to maintain the same cloud point temperature. For example, this figure may show an active increase in the UCST by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents (a "reagent that raises the UCST"), for example, as the concentration increases. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures may be performed, for example, by one or more "heat absorption" steps or by adjusting the concentration or composition in a combined single liquid phase solution produced thereby.

[0019] Figure 4: This figure may include a refrigeration cycle or a heat pump cycle. This embodiment may extract heat from one or more heat exchangers and / or release heat in one or more heat exchangers using one or more reversible endothermic and exothermic phase transitions of a liquid system. One or more reversible phase transitions may include an endothermic phase transition or an exothermic phase transition. This embodiment may include adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to form, for example, an endothermic (heat absorption) phase transition at a relatively low temperature, and may include adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to form, for example, an exothermic (heat release) phase transition at a relatively high temperature. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​It may include forming a shift.

[0020] For example, this embodiment may include mixing a single liquid phase solution in which a reagent that lowers one or more LCSTs is dilute with a solution in which a reagent that lowers one or more LCSTs is concentrated, which can result in an endothermic phase change to a two or more liquid phase mixture, for example, during the time when heat is being absorbed from one or more applications that require thermal extraction. The resulting multi-liquid phase mixture can be separated into two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be concentrated using one or more membrane-based processes, which can result in a stream in which a reagent that lowers one or more LCSTs is concentrated, and a permeate stream that is dilute or does not contain it. The permeate stream can be mixed with one or more other separated streams, which can result in an exothermic dissolution that can form a single liquid phase, for example. The exothermic dissolution can include releasing heat to one or more applications that require heating or a heat sink during or after dissolution. or reduced resulting in a stream in which a reagent that lowers one or more LCSTs is concentrated, and a permeate stream that is dilute or does not contain it. The permeate stream can be mixed with one or more other separated streams, which can result in an exothermic dissolution that can form a single liquid phase, for example. The exothermic dissolution can include releasing heat to one or more applications that require heating or a heat sink during or after dissolution. or does not contain it. The permeate stream can be mixed with one or more other separated streams, which can result in an exothermic dissolution that can form a single liquid phase, for example. The exothermic dissolution can include releasing heat to one or more applications that require heating or a heat sink during or after dissolution. or does not contain it. The permeate stream can be mixed with one or more other separated streams, which can result in an exothermic dissolution that can form a single liquid phase, for example. The exothermic dissolution can include releasing heat to one or more applications that require heating or a heat sink during or after dissolution. or does not contain it. The permeate stream can be mixed with one or more other separated streams, which can result in an exothermic dissolution that can form a single liquid phase, for example. The exothermic dissolution can include releasing heat to one or more applications that require heating or a heat sink during or after dissolution.

[0021] Figure 5A: This figure can include a refrigeration cycle or a heat pump cycle. This embodiment may extract heat from one or more heat exchangers and / or release heat within one or more heat exchangers using one or more reversible endothermic and exothermic phase transitions of a liquid system. The one or more reversible phase transitions can include an endothermic phase transition or an exothermic phase transition. This embodiment can include adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to form, for example, an endothermic (heat-absorbing) phase transition at a relatively low temperature, for example, one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" reversible phase transitions can include an endothermic phase transition or an exothermic phase transition. This embodiment can include adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to form, for example, an endothermic (heat-absorbing) phase transition at a relatively low temperature, for example, one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" reversible phase transitions can include an endothermic phase transition or an exothermic phase transition. This embodiment can include adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to form, for example, an endothermic (heat-absorbing) phase transition at a relatively low temperature, for example, one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" reversible phase transitions can include an endothermic phase transition or an exothermic phase transition. This embodiment can include adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to form, for example, an endothermic (heat-absorbing) phase transition at a relatively low temperature, for example, one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" Adjusting the concentration or composition of the "bosu reagent" to form, for example, an exothermic (heat-releasing) phase transition at a relatively high temperature. It may include forming a transition.

[0022] For example, this embodiment combines a single liquid phase in which one or more CST reagents are concentrated. The resulting solution is mixed with a reagent that raises one or more UCSTs (e.g., a "permeate" or permeate-equivalent liquid), thereby, for example, during heat release in one or more applications that require heating or a heat sink. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. An exothermic phase change to a multi-liquid phase mixture can be brought about. The multi-liquid phase solution can be separated using one or more liquid separation devices, thereby resulting in two or more liquid streams. One or more of the liquid streams can be a feed stream to one or more membrane processes, which can include concentrating one or more reagents that lower the UCST phase change temperature with increasing concentration. The one or more membrane-based processes can result in one or more concentrate solutions having one or more reagents at a higher concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration, and one or more permeate solutions that contain or do not contain one or more reagents at a lower concentration that lower the UCST with increasing concentration. The concentrate solution can be mixed with one or more other separated liquid phase streams, thereby, for example, an endothermic dissolution phase change to a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about before or during heat absorption from one or more applications that require cooling or an enthalpy source. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step. The combined solution and the permeate solution can be returned to the first step.

[0023] Figure 5B: This figure is the same as Figure 5A. In this figure, one or more separated liquid streams are , can be divided into one or more separate liquid streams. For example, a liquid stream having a certain composition can be divided into two or more liquid streams having the same composition. One or more of the liquid streams can be used at one or more different stages of the present embodiment. , and one or more of them can be used at one or more different stages of the present embodiment.

[0024] This figure can show a single liquid stream having the same composition divided into two liquid streams having the same composition. One of the liquid streams can be used to promote an endothermic dissolution phase change, and the other liquid stream can be used to promote a phase change that forms an exothermic multi-liquid phase.

[0025] Figure 5C: This figure is similar to Figure 5A. In this figure, two or more liquid streams can be combined or mixed separately or before or prior to entering one or more heat exchangers. The first integration, mixing, or combination of two or more liquid streams can be performed in a device separate from one or more heat exchangers.

[0026] Figure 5D: This figure is similar to Figure 5A. An energy recovery device may not be present in some process configurations. For example, but not limited to, an energy recovery device may be undesirable if the value of the space / installed area exceeds the value of the reduced energy consumption from the energy recovery device, or due to limited energy recovery capabilities, or a combination thereof.

[0027] Figure 5E: This figure is similar to Figure 5A. In this figure, one or more liquid-liquid mixtures can be directly concentrated, separated, or a combination thereof by one or more semi-permeable membranes. This figure shows a liquid-liquid separation device before one or more membrane-based processes. ​​​​​​​​​​​It can function without. This figure shows, for example, during the concentration of one or more reagents by a multi-liquid phase concentrate / holding liquid It may be dissolved (which may be endothermic or exothermic) and thus one or more membrane-based processes May use one or more heat exchangers within or in exchange for it. In this embodiment, One or more permeate streams produced may contain a multi-liquid phase mixture.

[0028] Figure 6A: This figure may include a refrigeration cycle or a heat pump cycle. In this embodiment, One or more reversible endothermic and exothermic phase transitions of a liquid system may be used to extract heat from one or more heat exchangers And / or release heat within one or more heat exchangers. One or more Reversible phase transitions may include endothermic phase transitions or exothermic phase transitions. This embodiment adjusts the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to, for example, form an endothermic (heat absorption) phase transition at a relatively low temperature, and may include, for example, adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to form an exothermic (heat release) phase transition at a relatively high temperature. Reversible phase transitions may include endothermic phase transitions or exothermic phase transitions. This embodiment adjusts the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to, for example, form an endothermic (heat absorption) phase transition at a relatively low temperature, and may include, for example, adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents that affect the cloud point temperature" to form an exothermic (heat release) phase transition at a relatively high temperature. For example, this embodiment may include concentrating a combined solution feed of a single liquid phase using one or more membrane-based processes. The concentration may involve concentrating one or more CST reagents using nanofiltration, thereby forming one or more concentrate solutions, These concentrated solutions may contain one or more CST reagents at a higher concentration than the solution feed. This concentration may result in one or more permeate streams. The permeate stream(s) may be insoluble, Or in the absence of or at a low concentration of the one or more CST reagents.

[0029] For example, this embodiment may include concentrating a combined solution feed of a single liquid phase using one or more membrane-based processes. The concentration may involve concentrating one or more CST reagents using nanofiltration, thereby forming one or more concentrate solutions, These concentrated solutions may contain one or more CST reagents at a higher concentration than the solution feed. This concentration may result in one or more permeate streams. The permeate stream(s) may be insoluble, Or in the absence of or at a low concentration of the one or more CST reagents. These concentrated solutions may contain one or more CST reagents at a higher concentration than the solution feed. This concentration may result in one or more permeate streams. The permeate stream(s) may be insoluble, Or in the absence of or at a low concentration of the one or more CST reagents. Or in the absence of or at a low concentration of the one or more CST reagents. It may include two or more reagents that may exhibit limited solubility with the CST reagent above. The permeate flow may form two or more liquid phases during the liquid-liquid phase change. The liquid-liquid phase change may be endothermic or exothermic and may be heat-exchanged with one or more applications that require cooling or heating before, during, or after heat exchange, or combinations thereof. In the case of the UCST phase change process, the liquid-liquid phase change to two or more liquid phases may be, for example, exothermic . The one or more permeate flows or multi-liquid phase mixture permeates may then be mixed with the concentrate solution, resulting in endothermic or exothermic dissolution, which may be heat-exchanged with one or more applications that require cooling or heating before, during, or after heat exchange, or combinations thereof.

[0030] Figure 6B: This figure is similar to Figure 6A. This embodiment can separate two or more liquid phases in a multi-liquid phase permeate flow into separate liquid flows using one or more liquid-liquid separation devices. A portion of one or more liquid flows may be mixed with the concentrate before one or more other separated liquid phases.

[0031] Figure 6C: This figure is similar to Figure 6A. This embodiment can separate two or more liquid phases in a multi-liquid phase permeate flow into separate liquid flows using one or more liquid-liquid separation devices. A portion of one or more liquid flows may be mixed with the concentrate before one or more other separated liquid phases.

[0032] Figure 7: This figure may include a refrigeration cycle or a heat pump cycle. This embodiment uses one or more reversible endothermic and exothermic phase transitions in the liquid system to transfer heat from one or more ​​​The one or more heat exchangers may extract heat from the one or more heat exchangers. The inverse phase transition may include an endothermic or exothermic phase transition. By adjusting the concentration or composition of the “reagent that affects the adsorption point temperature”, for example, This may include forming a thermal (heat absorbing) phase transition, e.g., affecting one or more "cloud point temperatures." By adjusting the concentration or composition of the “reagent” that causes an exothermic (heat releasing) phase transition at a relatively high temperature, for example The method may include forming a transition.

[0033] This figure illustrates the use of one or more membrane-based processes to produce one or more UCSTs in the feed solution. (a reagent that can increase UCST with increasing concentration) or one or more Concentrating a reagent that lowers the LCST (a reagent that can lower the LCST with increasing concentration) One or more UCST increasing agents or LCST decreasing agents may be used. The drug has a higher molecular weight or is more stable than one or more or all of the other constituent reagents in one or more feed solutions. It may be desirable for the hydrated ions to have a large hydration radius. A reagent that increases one or more UCSTs or decreases one or more LCSTs at relatively high concentrations A concentrate solution having a reagent that reduces the amount of water can be obtained. The concentrate solution can be, for example, Having high concentrations of one or more UCST-raising or LCST-lowering agents A phase change is made to a multi-liquid phase mixture having at least one of the liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture. The phase change may be exothermic or endothermic, and may be thermally degraded before, during, or after the phase change. One or more phase changes that require heating or cooling, or a combination thereof, The concentration can be used to heat exchange the one or more UCSTs. A permeate solution in which the reagent for raising or the reagent for lowering the LCST is dilute or absent can be provided. Next, the permeate stream can be mixed with the multi-liquid phase mixture concentrate stream, which can result in endothermic or exothermic dissolution and the formation of a combined solution of a single liquid phase can be brought about. The dissolution can be exothermic or endothermic and may require heating or cooling before, during or after the dissolution, or a combination thereof, and can be heat-exchanged with one or more applications The resulting single liquid phase solution can be returned to Step 1 as the feed solution

[0034] Figure 8: This figure may include a refrigeration cycle or a heat pump cycle. This embodiment uses one or more reversible endothermic and exothermic phase transitions of the liquid system to extract heat from one or more heat exchangers and / or release heat in one or more heat exchangers. The one or more reversible phase transitions can include endothermic phase transitions or exothermic phase transitions. This embodiment adjusts the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents affecting the cloud point temperature" to form, for example, an endothermic (heat absorption) phase transition at a relatively low temperature and can include adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more "reagents affecting the cloud point temperature" to form, for example, an exothermic (heat release) phase transition at a relatively high temperature

[0035] This figure can include, but is not limited to, one or more membrane-based processes including nanofiltration (NF) to concentrate a reagent that raises one or more UCSTs The feed solution during the concentration can include a multi-liquid phase mixture. During the concentration, the concentration of one or more CST reagents ​​​​​​The concentration may be increased in one or more concentrate or retentate solutions. The increase in concentration can result in a decrease in UCST, which in turn can result in This can result in an endothermic dissolution of the concentrate, resulting in a single liquid phase concentrate solution. Before, during, or after the endothermic melting, or any combination thereof. The heat can be exchanged with one or more applications requiring cooling. One or more permeate liquids may also be produced that are dilute or may not contain one or more CST reagents. The single liquid phase concentrate solution may be mixed with one or more of the permeate liquids to form a multi-liquid phase mixture. The phase transition may be exothermic, and prior to the exothermic phase transition, the exothermic Requires cooling during or after the exothermic phase transition, or a combination thereof The heat may be exchanged with one or more applications.

[0036] FIG. 9: This diagram may show an example of a multi-stage or multi-cycle refrigeration cycle. The embodiments described or illustrated herein may include, but are not limited to, those described in The embodiment may be configured to couple the cold side of one refrigeration or heat pump cycle / stage to another refrigeration or heat It may be used as the hot side of a pump cycle / stage or vice versa. Any of the embodiments described herein may be used, including, but not limited to, the embodiments shown in The embodiment shown is a combination of the cold side of one refrigeration or heat pump cycle / stage with another refrigeration or or the hot side of a heat pump cycle / stage, or vice versa. The "cold side" may include one or more heat absorbing areas, and the "hot side" may include one or more " The heat exchanger may include a "heat release" zone. As a result, the temperature difference between the high-temperature side and the low-temperature side of the combined refrigeration or heat pump cycle can be higher than the capacity of the single liquid system or individual stages or individual cycles. There may be a possibility. It can be.

[0037] Figure 10: This figure may include a refrigeration cycle or a heat pump cycle. Alternatively, this embodiment may include a heat engine, and the compressor may be replaced by, for example, a generator. Or, this embodiment may include a method for recovering or absorbing one or more gaseous vapors. It can be.

[0038] This figure may include a UCST phase change liquid system in which one (or more) of the "low solubility reagent(s)" may be volatile or may have a higher vapor pressure than one or more of the other constituent reagents of the liquid system. This embodiment may benefit from the equilibrium vapor pressure shift that can occur from the UCST phase transition, which may enable a refrigeration or heat pump or heat engine or combination thereof with significantly better energy efficiency and may also reduce the required liquid flow rate. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the "low solubility reagent(s)" from a liquid phase substantially containing the "low solubility reagent". When the liquid substantially contains the "low solubility reagent", this liquid may have a higher vapor pressure "low solubility reagent" in the gas phase at the same temperature compared to the "low solubility reagent" in a solution substantially containing one or more other reagents, for example, in accordance with Raoult's law. The evaporated gaseous "low solubility reagent(s)" is compressed and, for example, "absorbed" / heat released. pressure shift, which can enable a refrigeration or heat pump or heat engine or combination thereof with significantly better energy efficiency and may also reduce the required liquid flow rate. or heat pump or heat engine or combination thereof, and may also reduce the required liquid flow rate in some cases. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the "low solubility reagent(s)" from a liquid phase substantially containing the "low solubility reagent". When the liquid substantially contains the "low solubility reagent", this liquid may have a higher vapor pressure "low solubility reagent" in the gas phase at the same temperature compared to the "low solubility reagent" in a solution substantially containing one or more other reagents, for example, in accordance with Raoult's law.

[0039] For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the "low solubility reagent(s)" from a liquid phase substantially containing the "low solubility reagent". When the liquid substantially contains the "low solubility reagent", this liquid may have a higher vapor pressure "low solubility reagent" in the gas phase at the same temperature compared to the "low solubility reagent" in a solution substantially containing one or more other reagents, for example, in accordance with Raoult's law. When the liquid substantially contains the "low solubility reagent", this liquid may have a higher vapor pressure "low solubility reagent" in the gas phase at the same temperature compared to the "low solubility reagent" in a solution substantially containing one or more other reagents, for example, in accordance with Raoult's law. When the liquid substantially contains the "low solubility reagent", this liquid may have a higher vapor pressure "low solubility reagent" in the gas phase at the same temperature compared to the "low solubility reagent" in a solution substantially containing one or more other reagents, for example, in accordance with Raoult's law. When the liquid substantially contains the "low solubility reagent", this liquid may have a higher vapor pressure "low solubility reagent" in the gas phase at the same temperature compared to the "low solubility reagent" in a solution substantially containing one or more other reagents, for example, in accordance with Raoult's law. The evaporated gaseous "low solubility reagent(s)" is compressed and, for example, "absorbed" / heat released. In a step, it can be absorbed into an absorption solution that may contain a UCST solvent and a CST reagent, whereby a combined solution containing the UCST solvent, the CST reagent, and the absorbed "low-solubility reagent" can be formed. The absorption solution has a lower partial pressure of the "low-solubility reagent(s)" compared to the condensed liquid "low-solubility reagent(s)" in the absence of the absorption solution at the same temperature, which can enable less energy consumption in the compression step compared to prior art refrigerant refrigeration cycles. The combined solution containing the UCST solvent, the CST reagent, and the absorbed "low-solubility reagent" can be cooled below the UCST phase transition temperature of the combined solution, thereby resulting in a multi-liquid phase mixture. The multi-liquid phase mixture can be separated or remain combined. When separated, for example, the separation can include one or more liquid-liquid separation steps, thereby resulting in at least partially separated constituent liquid phases. One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases can include a liquid phase substantially containing the "low-solubility reagent" and can be transferred to an evaporation step. One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases can include a liquid phase substantially containing the UCST solvent and the CST reagent and can be transferred to an absorption step, for example, as a component of the absorption solution. It should also be noted that, for example, when the "low-solubility reagent" is in the liquid phase, the dissolution of the "low-solubility reagent" in a solution that may contain the UCST solvent and the CST reagent can be endothermic. In this embodiment, the "low-solubility reagent" can be absorbed from the gas phase. The condensation enthalpy from the gas phase (exothermic) exceeds the dissolution enthalpy of the "low-solubility reagent" (endothermic).

[0040] Note: For example, it is also important to note that when the "low-solubility reagent" is in the liquid phase, the dissolution of the "low-solubility reagent" in a solution that may contain the UCST solvent and the CST reagent can be endothermic. In this embodiment, the "low-solubility reagent" can be absorbed from the gas phase. The condensation enthalpy from the gas phase (exothermic) exceeds the dissolution enthalpy of the "low-solubility reagent" (endothermic). ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​There may be cases where the endothermic step or mechanism during the absorption process can reduce the amount of heat rejected during the "absorption" step. can reduce the amount of heat rejected.

[0041] Note: UCST solvents such as water can also be used as volatile reagents in one or more of the present embodiments. For example, water can contain more volatile reagents in a liquid system containing, for example, propylene carbonate, polypropylene glycol 425, and water. For example, the UCST solvent can contain liquid ammonia. For example, this process can include a heat absorption step that can include evaporating a portion of the UCST solvent from a solution containing the UCST solvent and the CST reagent, thereby forming a gaseous UCST solvent and the remaining solution (e.g., containing a higher concentration of the CST reagent compared to the UCST solvent). The remaining solution can be mixed with a liquid phase substantially containing the low solubility reagent, thereby forming a combined solution that can be used as an absorption solution. The UCST solvent gas can be compressed. The compressed UCST solvent gas can be absorbed by the absorption solution, for example, in a heat release step, thereby forming a combined solution containing the UCST solvent, the CST reagent, and the "low solubility reagent". The combined solution can be phase transitioned to a multi-liquid phase mixture using, for example, cooling, addition of one or more reagents, or addition of permeates, or addition of the UCST solvent, or combinations thereof. The multi-liquid phase mixture can be separated or remain combined. When separated, for example, the separation can include one or more liquid-liquid separation steps, thereby resulting in at least partially separated constituent liquid phases. One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases is a liquid phase substantially containing the "low solubility reagent". For example, water can contain more volatile reagents in a liquid system containing, for example, propylene carbonate, polypropylene glycol 425, and water. For example, the UCST solvent can contain liquid ammonia. For example, this process can include a heat absorption step that can include evaporating a portion of the UCST solvent from a solution containing the UCST solvent and the CST reagent, thereby forming a gaseous UCST solvent and the remaining solution (e.g., containing a higher concentration of the CST reagent compared to the UCST solvent). The remaining solution can be mixed with a liquid phase substantially containing the low solubility reagent, thereby forming a combined solution that can be used as an absorption solution. The UCST solvent gas can be compressed. The compressed UCST solvent gas can be absorbed by the absorption solution, for example, in a heat release step, thereby forming a combined solution containing the UCST solvent, the CST reagent, and the "low solubility reagent". The combined solution can be phase transitioned to a multi-liquid phase mixture using, for example, cooling, addition of one or more reagents, or addition of permeates, or addition of the UCST solvent, or combinations thereof. The multi-liquid phase mixture can be separated or remain combined. When separated, for example, the separation can include one or more liquid-liquid separation steps, thereby resulting in at least partially separated constituent liquid phases. One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases is a liquid phase substantially containing the "low solubility reagent". One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases is a liquid phase substantially containing the "low solubility reagent". may be included and transferred to a mixing step to form an absorption solution. The at least partially one of the separated constituent liquid phases substantially contains a UCST solvent and a CST reagent and may be transferred to an evaporation / heat absorption step. 1) This embodiment may include absorbing the vapor of one or more volatile reagents into an absorption solution, thereby forming a solution in which the one or more volatile reagents are combined at a UCST or LCST. Heat may be released by the absorption, which may be heat-exchanged with, for example, one or more applications that require heating, or one or more heat sinks, or evaporative cooling, or combinations thereof. 1) This embodiment may further include cooling or heating the combined solution below or above the UCST or LCST, respectively, thereby resulting in the formation of a multi-liquid phase (or supercritical phase) mixture (a multiphase mixture). 2) The multiphase mixture may be at least partially separated using, for example, one or more liquid-liquid or coalescer or density-driven separation methods, or combinations thereof. One or more phases separated from the multiphase mixture may substantially contain the "absorption solution" from step "1)", which may be returned to step "1)". One or more phases separated from the multiphase mixture may substantially contain the "absorption solution" from step "1)", which may be returned to step "1)". One or more phases separated from the multiphase mixture may substantially contain one or more volatile reagents in a liquid phase and / or a supercritical phase and may be transferred to step "4)". 3) The one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where 3) The one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where the one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where 4) The one or more separated volatile reagents may be transferred to one or more evaporators, where 0. The one or more volatile reagents can be depressurized and / or can evaporate into the gas phase. This evaporation can absorb heat and can be heat exchanged with one or more applications that require cooling, or a heat source, or an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof. The residue after evaporation can be transferred to step “1)”, for example, and mixed with the absorption solution in step “1)” to obtain. 5) The gas-phase volatile reagent can be compressed to form a higher-pressure gas-phase volatile reagent, which can be transferred to step “1)”.

[0042] Note: FIG. 10 can have the advantage that the phase transitions to multiple liquid phases for regenerating the refrigerant and the absorption liquid phase can be carried out using cold heat input rather than heat input. This can be desirable, for example, when the application of the refrigeration cycle is mainly for heating.

[0043] FIG. 11: This figure can include a refrigeration cycle or a heat pump cycle. Alternatively, this embodiment can include a heat engine, and the compressor can be replaced by, for example, a generator. Alternatively, this embodiment can include a method for recovering or absorbing one or more gaseous vapors.

[0044] This figure can include a UCST phase change liquid system in which one (or more) of the “low solubility reagent(s)” can be volatile or can have a higher vapor pressure than one or more of the other constituent reagents of the liquid system. This embodiment can benefit from the equilibrium vapor pressure shift that can occur from the UCST phase transition, which can enable a refrigeration or heat pump or heat engine or a combination thereof with significantly better energy efficiency and may reduce the required liquid flow rate.

[0045] Figure 11 may differ from Figure 10 in that Figure 11 initiates or causes a phase transition using the addition of one or more reagents such as a permeate or permeate equivalent, rather than or in addition to cooling. In addition, the one or more added reagents can be recovered using one or more membrane-based processes. Figure 11 may include diluting a combined single liquid phase solution containing a CST reagent, a "low solubility reagent", and a UCST solvent with a permeate or permeate equivalent containing a portion of the UCST solvent, thereby resulting in a lower concentration of the CST reagent, which can induce a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture. The multi-liquid phase mixture can include constituent liquid phases, one or more of the liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture can contain a volatile "low solubility reagent", and one or more of the liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture can contain a solution of the UCST solvent and the CST reagent. The constituent liquid phases can be at least partially separated. One or more of the liquid phases that can contain the "low solubility reagent" can be transferred to an evaporation stage. The added permeate and / or permeate equivalent can be recovered from one or more of the liquid phases that can contain a solution of the UCST solvent and the CST reagent using one or more membrane-based processes such as nanofiltration. The nanofiltration can form one or more permeate streams (which can be returned to the permeate addition step) and a retentate stream that can be used as one or more of the streams used in the absorption stage. Note: One or more of the liquid phases can be contaminated with or contain residues of one or more other reagents that can be present, for example, in one or more of the other liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture.

[0046] Figure 11 includes diluting a combined single liquid phase solution containing a CST reagent, a "low solubility reagent", and a UCST solvent with a permeate or permeate equivalent containing a portion of the UCST solvent, which can result in a lower concentration of the CST reagent, which can induce a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture. The multi-liquid phase mixture can include constituent liquid phases, one or more of the liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture can contain a volatile "low solubility reagent", and one or more of the liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture can contain a solution of the UCST solvent and the CST reagent. The constituent liquid phases can be at least partially separated. One or more of the liquid phases that can contain the "low solubility reagent" can be transferred to an evaporation stage. The added permeate and / or permeate equivalent can be recovered from one or more of the liquid phases that can contain a solution of the UCST solvent and the CST reagent using one or more membrane-based processes such as nanofiltration. The nanofiltration can form one or more permeate streams (which can be returned to the permeate addition step) and a retentate stream that can be used as one or more of the streams used in the absorption stage. Note: One or more of the liquid phases can be contaminated with or contain residues of one or more other reagents that can be present, for example, in one or more of the other liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture. For example, the added permeate and / or permeate equivalent can be recovered from one or more of the liquid phases that can contain a solution of the UCST solvent and the CST reagent using one or more membrane-based processes such as nanofiltration. The nanofiltration can form one or more permeate streams (which can be returned to the permeate addition step) and a retentate stream that can be used as one or more of the streams used in the absorption stage. Note: One or more of the liquid phases can be contaminated with or contain residues of one or more other reagents that can be present, for example, in one or more of the other liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture. The added permeate and / or permeate equivalent can be recovered from one or more of the liquid phases that can contain a solution of the UCST solvent and the CST reagent using one or more membrane-based processes such as nanofiltration.

[0047] Note: One or more of the liquid phases can be contaminated with or contain residues of one or more other reagents that can be present, for example, in one or more of the other liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture. One or more of the liquid phases can be contaminated with or contain residues of one or more other reagents that can be present, for example, in one or more of the other liquid phases in the multi-liquid phase mixture. may be possessed.

[0048] Figure 12: This figure may include a refrigeration cycle or a heat pump cycle. Alternatively, This embodiment may include a heat engine, and the compressor may be replaced, for example, with a generator. Or alternatively, this embodiment may include a method for recovering or absorbing one or more gaseous vapors. may be included.

[0049] This figure may include an LCST phase change liquid system in which one (or more) of the LCST binding reagents may be volatile, or may be a refrigerant, or may have a higher vapor pressure than one or more of the other constituent reagents of the liquid system. This embodiment may benefit from the equilibrium vapor pressure shift that may occur from the LCST phase transition, which may enable a refrigeration or heat pump or heat engine or combination thereof with significantly better energy efficiency, and may also reduce the required liquid flow rate. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. This figure may include an LCST phase change liquid system in which one (or more) of the LCST binding reagents may be volatile, or may be a refrigerant, or may have a higher vapor pressure than one or more of the other constituent reagents of the liquid system. This embodiment may benefit from the equilibrium vapor pressure shift that may occur from the LCST phase transition, which may enable a refrigeration or heat pump or heat engine or combination thereof with significantly better energy efficiency, and may also reduce the required liquid flow rate. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. This figure may include an LCST phase change liquid system in which one (or more) of the LCST binding reagents may be volatile, or may be a refrigerant, or may have a higher vapor pressure than one or more of the other constituent reagents of the liquid system. This embodiment may benefit from the equilibrium vapor pressure shift that may occur from the LCST phase transition, which may enable a refrigeration or heat pump or heat engine or combination thereof with significantly better energy efficiency, and may also reduce the required liquid flow rate. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent.

[0050] For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. For example, in a refrigeration cycle, the "evaporator" / heat absorption step may include evaporating at least a portion of the refrigerant from a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. If the liquid contains a higher concentration of the refrigerant than in the absorption solution, this liquid may have a higher vapor phase refrigerant partial pressure at the same temperature, for example, according to Raoult's law, compared to the refrigerant solution dissolved in the absorption solution. The remaining LCST reagent (and other residual reagents in the solution having the LCST reagent) during or after evaporation may be transferred, for example, as a constituent of the absorption solution, to the absorption / heat release stage. The evaporated vapor phase refrigerant is compressed and absorbed, for example, in the "absorption" / heat release step, into an absorption solution that may contain the LCST reagent and the LCST solvent reagent. As a result, a combination including an LCST solvent reagent, an LCST reagent, and the absorbed refrigerant can be formed. The absorption solution may have a refrigerant with a lower partial pressure compared to the condensed liquid refrigerant in the absence of the absorption solution at the same temperature, which may enable less energy consumption in the compression step compared to prior art refrigerant refrigeration cycles. The combined solution including the LCST solvent reagent, the LCST reagent, and the absorbed refrigerant can be heated above the LCST phase transition temperature of the combined solution, thereby resulting in a multi-liquid phase mixture. The multi-liquid phase mixture can be separated or remain combined. When separated, for example, the separation may include one or more liquid-liquid separation steps, thereby resulting in at least partially separated constituent liquid phases. One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases may include a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent and can be transferred to an evaporation step. One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases may include a liquid phase substantially containing the LCST solvent reagent and can be transferred to an absorption step, for example, as a component of the absorption solution. in the absence of the absorption solution at the same temperature have a refrigerant with a lower partial pressure refrigeration cycles The combined solution including the LCST solvent reagent, the LCST reagent, and the absorbed refrigerant heated above the LCST phase transition temperature of the combined solution resulting in a multi-liquid phase mixture When separated, for example, the separation may include resulting in at least partially separated constituent liquid phases One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases may include a liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent and can be transferred to an evaporation step One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases may include a liquid phase substantially containing the LCST solvent reagent and can be transferred to an absorption step, for example, as a component of the absorption solution

[0051] Note: LCST solvent reagents such as water can also be used as one or more of the volatile reagents or refrigerants in this embodiment. For example, the LCST solvent reagent may include, for example, a refrigerant in a liquid system including a non-volatile LCST reagent and / or an LCST binder reagent. For example, water may include an LCST solvent reagent, polypropylene glycol 425 may include an LCST reagent, and propylene carbonate may include an LCST binder reagent. For example, the LCST solvent liquid phase has a high solubility including a non-volatile LCST reagent and / or an LCST binder reagent include an LCST solvent reagent, polypropylene glycol 425 may include an LCST reagent propylene carbonate may include an LCST binder reagent It may also include a compound, a reagent that lowers the LCST, or a combination thereof, which may be volatile and may or may not form an azeotrope with water, such as ammonia, amine, methanol, ethanol, THF, acetone, or one or more or a combination of other potentially volatile water-soluble reagents, but not limited to these reagents. For example, the LCST solvent liquid phase may include non-volatile reagents such as salts and reagents that lower the LCST, but not limited to these. For example, this process may include a heat absorption step that may include evaporating a portion of the LCST solvent reagent from a liquid phase substantially containing the LCST solvent reagent, thereby forming a gaseous LCST solvent reagent, and the remaining solution contains any residual reagents. The heat absorption step may be heat-exchanged with one or more applications that require cooling, or one or more heat sources, or one or more enthalpy sources, or a combination thereof. The remaining solution may be mixed with a liquid phase substantially containing the LCST reagent and / or the LCST binder reagent, thereby forming a combined solution that can be used as an absorption solution. The LCST solvent reagent gas may be compressed. The compressed LCST solvent reagent gas may be absorbed by the absorption solution, for example, in a heat release step, thereby forming a combined solution containing the LCST solvent reagent, the LCST reagent, and / or the LCST binder reagent. The heat release step may be heat-exchanged with one or more applications that require heating, one or more cooling sources, evaporative cooling, an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof. The combined solution may be, for example, heated, heat-exchanged with one or more heat sources, the addition of one or more reagents, the change in the concentration of one or more reagents, or the removal of one or more reagents. The remaining solution may contain any residual reagents. The heat absorption step may be heat-exchanged with one or more applications that require cooling, or one or more heat sources, or one or more enthalpy sources, or a combination thereof. The remaining solution may be mixed with a liquid phase substantially containing the LCST reagent and / or the LCST binder reagent, thereby forming a combined solution that can be used as an absorption solution. The LCST solvent reagent gas may be compressed. The compressed LCST solvent reagent gas may be absorbed by the absorption solution, for example, in a heat release step, thereby forming a combined solution containing the LCST solvent reagent, the LCST reagent, and / or the LCST binder reagent. The heat release step may be heat-exchanged with one or more applications that require heating, one or more cooling sources, evaporative cooling, an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof. The combined solution may be, for example, heated, heat-exchanged with one or more heat sources, the addition of one or more reagents, the change in the concentration of one or more reagents, or the removal of one or more reagents. The remaining solution may be substantially included in the LCST reagent and / or the LCST binder reagent liquid phase and mixed, whereby a combined solution that can be used as an absorption solution may be formed. The LCST solvent reagent gas may be compressed. The compressed LCST solvent reagent gas may be absorbed by the absorption solution, for example, in a heat release step, thereby forming a combined solution containing the LCST solvent reagent, the LCST reagent, and / or the LCST binder reagent. The heat release step may be heat-exchanged with one or more applications that require heating, one or more cooling sources, evaporative cooling, an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof. The combined solution may be, for example, heated, heat-exchanged with one or more heat sources, the addition of one or more reagents, the change in the concentration of one or more reagents, or the removal of one or more reagents. The heat release step may be heat-exchanged with one or more applications that require heating, one or more cooling sources, evaporative cooling, an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof. The combined solution may be, for example, heated, heat-exchanged with one or more heat sources, the addition of one or more reagents, the change in the concentration of one or more reagents, or the removal of one or more reagents. The heat release step may be heat-exchanged with one or more applications that require heating, one or more cooling sources, evaporative cooling, an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof. The combined solution may be, for example, heated, heat-exchanged with one or more heat sources, the addition of one or more reagents, the change in the concentration of one or more reagents, or the removal of one or more reagents. The combined solution may be, for example, heated, heat-exchanged with one or more heat sources, the addition of one or more reagents, the change in the concentration of one or more reagents, or the change in the concentration of one or more reagents. It can be phase - transferred to a multi - liquid phase mixture by adding, or using a combination thereof. The multi - liquid phase mixture can be separated or remain combined. When separated, for example, the separation can include one or more liquid - liquid separation steps, thereby resulting in at least partially separated constituent liquid phases. One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases can include a liquid phase substantially containing an LCST reagent and / or an LCST binder reagent, and can be transferred to form an absorption solution. One of the at least partially separated constituent liquid phases can include a liquid phase substantially containing an LCST solvent reagent and can be transferred to an evaporation / heat absorption step. Note: The embodiments described herein can include the removal or recovery of water from air technology or flue gas or other water - laden gas streams. This embodiment can also be used to distill water, where an evaporator evaporates water from physiological saline or a contaminated water stream, and an absorber absorbs the evaporated water vapor. Thereafter, the absorbed water is recovered using an LCST phase transition that forms a multi - liquid phase mixture. The multi - liquid phase mixture can be at least partially separated into its constituent liquid phases. At least one of the separated constituent liquid phases can substantially contain water and can undergo further processing or be removed from the process as separated water or a combination thereof.

[0052] Note: Figure 12 can have the advantage that the phase transition to multiple liquid phases for regenerating the refrigerant and absorption liquid phase can be performed using thermal input rather than cold thermal input. This can be desirable, for example, when the application of the refrigeration cycle is mainly for cooling. In addition, this is Note: The embodiments described herein can include the removal or recovery of water from air technology or flue gas or other water - laden gas streams. This embodiment can also be used to distill water, where an evaporator evaporates water from physiological saline or a contaminated water stream, and an absorber absorbs the evaporated water vapor. Thereafter, the absorbed water is recovered using an LCST phase transition that forms a multi - liquid phase mixture. The multi - liquid phase mixture can be at least partially separated into its constituent liquid phases. At least one of the separated constituent liquid phases can substantially contain water and can undergo further processing or be removed from the process as separated water or a combination thereof. At least one of the separated constituent liquid phases can substantially contain water and can undergo further processing or be removed from the process as separated water or a combination thereof. or a combination thereof.

[0053] Note: Figure 12 can have the advantage that the phase transition to multiple liquid phases for regenerating the refrigerant and absorption liquid phase can be performed using thermal input rather than cold thermal input. This can be desirable, for example, when the application of the refrigeration cycle is mainly for cooling. In addition, this is is desirable when the refrigeration cycle is mainly for cooling. In addition, this It may be desirable to increase the capacity. Additionally, this may be desirable as it may utilize the heat generated by the compressor (e.g., compressor waste heat).

[0054] Figure 1: Figure 1A - Example of step - by - step illustration - Reagents that lower the LCST in one or more separated streams Active reduction of LCST by concentrating: 1) Heat - absorbing LCST phase change: A combined solution (L - 1) that may contain a single liquid phase can be heated by, for example, one or more heat sources (HE - 1, "warm - heat input heat exchanger") in one or more heat exchangers or one or more sources that require cooling or a combination thereof ("warm - heat input source"). Before, during, or after such "heating", or a combination thereof, L - 1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1). The phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 2) Separation of multi - liquid phases: LL - 1 can be separated using one or more liquid - liquid separation devices into, for example, two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L - 2 and L - 3) that may contain one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL -1. 3) Concentration of reagents that lower the LCST in one or more liquid phases: L - 2, which may contain one or more reagents that lower the LCST, can be directed (V - 1) as input vapor (L - 4) to one or more pumps and / or pressure exchangers (P - 1). L - 4 can be pressurized in P - 1, thereby forming, for example, one or more pressurized feed solutions (L - 6). L - 6 can be fed to one or more membrane - based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO"), whereby L - 6 can form, for example, one or more concentrated streams (L - 8) and / or one or more permeate streams. L - 6 can be fed to one or more membrane - based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO"), whereby L - 6 can form, for example, one or more concentrated streams (L - 8) and / or one or more permeate streams. Can be separated by the permeate stream (L-7). The one or more concentrated streams may be more concentrated in one or more reagents that lower the LCST compared to L-6. The one or more permeate streams contain one or more reagents that lower the LCST at a lower concentration compared to L-6. L-8 can be transferred to step “4)” as L-11. L-7 can be transferred to the “permeate storage tank”. 4) Mixing of the liquid phase: L-8 can be mixed with L-3, thereby forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-2), or a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-4), or a combination thereof. 5) Heat release LCST phase change: The liquid stream(s) from step “4)” can be “cooled” by, for example, one or more applications that require heating in one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, “heating application heat exchanger”), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof (the “applications that require heating”). Before, during, after, or in combination with the “cooling”, the liquid stream(s) from step “4)” can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-1). The phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. Figure 1B - Example of step - by - step description - Active reduction of LCST by concentrating reagents that lower the LCST in a combined single - liquid - phase solution: 1) Heat absorption LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-9) that may contain a single liquid phase is heated by, for example, one or more warm heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, “warm heat input heat exchanger”), or one or more sources that require cooling, or a combination thereof (the “warm heat input source”). Can be separated by the permeate stream (L-7). The one or more concentrated streams may be more concentrated in one or more reagents that lower the LCST compared to L-6. The one or more permeate streams contain one or more reagents that lower the LCST at a lower concentration compared to L-6. L-8 can be transferred to step “4)” as L-11. L-7 can be transferred to the “permeate storage tank”. 4) Mixing of the liquid phase: L-8 can be mixed with L-3, thereby forming a multi - liquid phase mixture (LL-2), or a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-4), or a combination thereof. 5) Heat release LCST phase change: The liquid stream(s) from step “4)” can be “cooled” by, for example, one or more applications that require heating in one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, “heating application heat exchanger”), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof (the “applications that require heating”). Before, during, after, or in combination with the “cooling”, the liquid stream(s) from step “4)” can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-1). The phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. Figure 1B - Example of step - by - step description - Active reduction of LCST by concentrating reagents that lower the LCST in a combined single - liquid - phase solution: 1) Heat absorption LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-9) that may contain a single liquid phase is heated by, for example, one or more warm heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, “warm heat input heat exchanger”), or one or more sources that require cooling, or a combination thereof (the “warm heat input source”). Can be separated by the permeate stream (L-7). The one or more concentrated streams may be more concentrated in one or more reagents that lower the LCST compared to L-6. The one or more permeate streams contain one or more reagents that lower the LCST at a lower concentration compared to L-6. L-8 can be transferred to step “4)” as L-11. L-7 can be transferred to the “permeate storage tank”. 4) Mixing of the liquid phase: L-8 can be mixed with L-3, thereby forming a multi - liquid phase mixture (LL-2), or a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-4), or a combination thereof. 5) Heat release LCST phase change: The liquid stream(s) from step “4)” can be “cooled” by, for example, one or more applications that require heating in one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, “heating application heat exchanger”), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof (the “applications that require heating”). Before, during, after, or in combination with the “cooling”, the liquid stream(s) from step “4)” can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-1). The phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. Figure 1B - Example of step - by - step description - Active reduction of LCST by concentrating reagents that lower the LCST in a combined single - liquid - phase solution: 1) Heat absorption LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-9) that may contain a single liquid phase is heated by, for example, one or more warm heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, “warm heat input heat exchanger”), or one or more sources that require cooling, or a combination thereof (the “warm heat input source”).

[0055] Figure 1B - Example of step - by - step description - Active reduction of LCST by concentrating reagents that lower the LCST in a combined single - liquid - phase solution: 1) Heat absorption LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-9) that may contain a single liquid phase is heated by, for example, one or more warm heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, “warm heat input heat exchanger”), or one or more sources that require cooling, or a combination thereof (the “warm heat input source”). 1) Heat absorption LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-9) that may contain a single liquid phase is heated by, for example, one or more warm heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, “warm heat input heat exchanger”), or one or more sources that require cooling, or a combination thereof (the “warm heat input source”). 1) Heat absorption LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-9) that may contain a single liquid phase is heated by, for example, one or more warm heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, “warm heat input heat exchanger”), or one or more sources that require cooling, or a combination thereof (the “warm heat input source”). 1) Heat absorption LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-9) that may contain a single liquid phase is heated by, for example, one or more warm heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, “warm heat input heat exchanger”), or one or more sources that require cooling, or a combination thereof (the “warm heat input source”). It can be heated. Before, during, or after said "heating", or a combination thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 2) Heat-releasing LCST phase change: LL-1 can be "cooled" by, for example, one or more applications that require heating within one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "heating application heat exchanger"), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof (an "application that requires heating"). Before, during, or after said "cooling", or a combination thereof, LL-1 can undergo a phase transition to a solution (L-1) in which single liquid phases are combined. Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST in one or more liquid phases: L-1 can be directed (V-1) as input vapor (L-2) to one or more pumps and / or pressure exchangers (P-1). L-2 can be pressurized within P-1, thereby forming, for example, one or more pressurized feed solutions (L-4). L-4 can be supplied to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF" and / or reverse osmosis "RO"), thereby separating L-4 into, for example, one or more concentrated streams (L-6) and / or one or more permeate streams (L-5). Said one or more concentrated streams may have a higher concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. Said one or more permeate streams may contain a lower concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. L-6 can be transferred as L-9 to step "1)". L-5 can be transferred to a "permeate reservoir". 1) Endothermic LCST phase change: Before, during, or after heating, or a combination thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 1) Endothermic LCST phase change: Before, during, or after heating, or a combination thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 2) Heat-releasing LCST phase change: LL-1 can be "cooled" by, for example, one or more applications that require heating within one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "heating application heat exchanger"), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof (an "application that requires heating"). Before, during, or after said "cooling", or a combination thereof, LL-1 can undergo a phase transition to a solution (L-1) in which single liquid phases are combined. Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST in one or more liquid phases: L-1 can be directed (V-1) as input vapor (L-2) to one or more pumps and / or pressure exchangers (P-1). L-2 can be pressurized within P-1, thereby forming, for example, one or more pressurized feed solutions (L-4). L-4 can be supplied to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF" and / or reverse osmosis "RO"), thereby separating L-4 into, for example, one or more concentrated streams (L-6) and / or one or more permeate streams (L-5). Said one or more concentrated streams may have a higher concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. Said one or more permeate streams may contain a lower concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. L-6 can be transferred as L-9 to step "1)". L-5 can be transferred to a "permeate reservoir". 1) Endothermic LCST phase change: Before, during, or after heating, or a combination thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 2) Heat-releasing LCST phase change: LL-1 can be "cooled" by, for example, one or more applications that require heating within one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "heating application heat exchanger"), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof (an "application that requires heating"). Before, during, or after said "cooling", or a combination thereof, LL-1 can undergo a phase transition to a solution (L-1) in which single liquid phases are combined. Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST in one or more liquid phases: L-1 can be directed (V-1) as input vapor (L-2) to one or more pumps and / or pressure exchangers (P-1). L-2 can be pressurized within P-1, thereby forming, for example, one or more pressurized feed solutions (L-4). L-4 can be supplied to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF" and / or reverse osmosis "RO"), thereby separating L-4 into, for example, one or more concentrated streams (L-6) and / or one or more permeate streams (L-5). Said one or more concentrated streams may have a higher concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. Said one or more permeate streams may contain a lower concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. L-6 can be transferred as L-9 to step "1)". L-5 can be transferred to a "permeate reservoir". 1) Endothermic LCST phase change: Before, during, or after heating, or a combination thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 2) Heat-releasing LCST phase change: LL-1 can be "cooled" by, for example, one or more applications that require heating within one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "heating application heat exchanger"), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof (an "application that requires heating"). Before, during, or after said "cooling", or a combination thereof, LL-1 can undergo a phase transition to a solution (L-1) in which single liquid phases are combined. Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST in one or more liquid phases: L-1 can be directed (V-1) as input vapor (L-2) to one or more pumps and / or pressure exchangers (P-1). L-2 can be pressurized within P-1, thereby forming, for example, one or more pressurized feed solutions (L-4). L-4 can be supplied to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF" and / or reverse osmosis "RO"), thereby separating L-4 into, for example, one or more concentrated streams (L-6) and / or one or more permeate streams (L-5). Said one or more concentrated streams may have a higher concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. Said one or more permeate streams may contain a lower concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. L-6 can be transferred as L-9 to step "1)". L-5 can be transferred to a "permeate reservoir". 1) Endothermic LCST phase change: Before, during, or after heating, or a combination thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 2) Heat-releasing LCST phase change: LL-1 can be "cooled" by, for example, one or more applications that require heating within one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "heating application heat exchanger"), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof (an "application that requires heating"). Before, during, or after said "cooling", or a combination thereof, LL-1 can undergo a phase transition to a solution (L-1) in which single liquid phases are combined. Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST in one or more liquid phases: L-1 can be directed (V-1) as input vapor (L-2) to one or more pumps and / or pressure exchangers (P-1). L-2 can be pressurized within P-1, thereby forming, for example, one or more pressurized feed solutions (L-4). L-4 can be supplied to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF" and / or reverse osmosis "RO"), thereby separating L-4 into, for example, one or more concentrated streams (L-6) and / or one or more permeate streams (L-5). Said one or more concentrated streams may have a higher concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. Said one or more permeate streams may contain a lower concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. L-6 can be transferred as L-9 to step "1)". L-5 can be transferred to a "permeate reservoir". 1) Endothermic LCST phase change: Before, during, or after heating, or a combination thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 2) Heat-releasing LCST phase change: LL-1 can be "cooled" by, for example, one or more applications that require heating within one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "heating application heat exchanger"), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof (an "application that requires heating"). Before, during, or after said "cooling", or a combination thereof, LL-1 can undergo a phase transition to a solution (L-1) in which single liquid phases are combined. Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST in one or more liquid phases: L-1 can be directed (V-1) as input vapor (L-2) to one or more pumps and / or pressure exchangers (P-1). L-2 can be pressurized within P-1, thereby forming, for example, one or more pressurized feed solutions (L-4). L-4 can be supplied to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF" and / or reverse osmosis "RO"), thereby separating L-4 into, for example, one or more concentrated streams (L-6) and / or one or more permeate streams (L-5). Said one or more concentrated streams may have a higher concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. Said one or more permeate streams may contain a lower concentration of a reagent that lowers the LCST compared to L-4. L-6 can be transferred as L-9 to step "1)". L-5 can be transferred to a "permeate reservoir". 1) Endothermic LCST phase change: Before, during, or after heating, or a combination thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. It is.

[0056] Note: Figure 1B can actively raise the LCST by using the addition of a permeate or a permeate equivalent. In addition, Figure 1B can maintain the LCST, for example, by enabling L-1 to bypass one or more cloud point adjustment steps. Note: If one or more LCST reagents have a molecular weight or hydration radius large enough to be rejected by one or more membranes, the concentration of the LCST reagent in the concentrate solution output from the RO can exceed the concentration of the LCST reagent in the input feed solution. Since the concentration of the LCST reagent is higher and / or the concentration of the reagent that lowers the LCST is higher, the output concentrate solution can contain a multi-phase mixture. If the multi-liquid mixture occurs, for example, within or immediately after one or more RO concentration units, it may be desirable to perform heat exchange with the RO concentration unit.

[0057]

[0058] Note: Alternative embodiments of the active increase of LCST: For example, in order to minimize the osmotic pressure or the required pressurization or concentration polarization or energy consumption or a combination thereof, it may be desirable to first concentrate one or more LCST reagents using nanofiltration (NF) (for example, when one or more of the LCST reagent(s) have a hydration radius large enough to be rejected by NF). The NF stage has a larger pore size and can, for example, enable less concentration polarization and potentially benefit from reducing energy consumption and the required pressurization. The NF can, for example, have a higher concentration than one or more feed solutions. One or more concentrate solutions having one or more LCST reagents can be formed and / or, for example, can contain one or more LCST reagents at a concentration significantly lower than that of one or more feed solutions. One or more permeate solutions can be formed. The NF permeate stream can include a solution containing one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs (for example, one or more of the reagents that lower the LCST have, for example, a hydration radius less than the molecular weight cut-off of one or more membranes at the NF stage). The reagent that lowers the LCST in the NF permeate can be concentrated using one or more reverse osmosis (RO) stages, thereby forming one or more concentrate streams containing, for example, a higher concentration of one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs compared to the NF permeate, and / or one or more permeate streams containing, for example, a lower concentration of one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs compared to the NF permeate. The RO concentrate can be mixed with the NF concentrate and returned to this process. The RO permeate can be added, for example, to a permeate reservoir, which can be used or added later to actively increase the LCST. By enabling the concentration of the LCST reagent(s) and the reagent(s) that lower the LCST to be concentrated not simultaneously but separately, the energy consumption and / or the required pressurization can also be reduced. Figure 1C - Example of step-by-step explanation - Active increase of LCST by diluting the reagent that lowers the LCST in one or more streams: 1) Heat-absorbing LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-1) that can contain a single liquid phase, for example, is heated by one or more heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, "warmth input heat exchanger").

[0059] or by one or more sources that require cooling or combinations thereof (a "thermal input source") and can be heated. Before, during, or after said "heating", or combinations thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be endothermic, for example. 2) Separation of multi-liquid phases: LL-1 can be separated, using one or more liquid-liquid separation devices, into two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L-2 and L-3) that can contain one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL-1, for example. 3) Dilution of a reagent that lowers the LCST in one or more liquid phases: L-2, which can contain one or more reagents that lower the LCST, can be directed (V-1) as input vapor (L-5) to one or more flow integration or mixing process elements (integration 1), where L-5 can be mixed with a permeate or permeate-equivalent liquid or combinations thereof (L-9), thereby forming a diluted solution (L-10). L-10 can contain one or more reagents that lower the LCST at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-2. L-10 can be transferred as L-11 to step "4)". 4) Mixing of liquid phases: L-11 can be mixed with L-3, thereby forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL- 2), or a combined solution of single liquid phases (L-4), or combinations thereof. 5) Heat-releasing LCST phase change: The liquid stream(s) from step "4)" can be "cooled" by, for example, one or more applications that require heating, such as one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "heating application heat exchanger"), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or combinations thereof (a "heating-required application") ​ can be “removed”. Before, during, or after said “cooling”, or in combinations thereof, the liquid stream(s) from step “4)” can phase transition into a combined solution (L-1) of a single liquid phase. Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. Note: In the operation of raising the LCST using dilution with a permeate or permeate equivalent, the LCST, permeate, or permeate equivalent liquid can be added directly, for example, to LL-1 or LL-2 or the “heating application heat exchanger” or L-1 or one or more other locations within this process. Due to the increase in the cloud point, it may not be necessary to add the permeate to the separated liquid phase.

[0060] Note: In the operation of raising the LCST using dilution with a permeate or permeate equivalent, the LCST, permeate, or permeate equivalent liquid can be, for example, LL-1 or LL-2 or the “ heating application heat exchanger” or L-1 or one or more other locations within this process. Due to the increase in the cloud point, it may not be necessary to add the permeate to the separated liquid phase. become unnecessary.

[0061] Figure 1D - Example of step - by - step description - Maintenance of LCST by bypassing one or more cloud point adjustment steps: 1) Heat - absorbing LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-1) that can contain a single liquid phase can be heated by, for example, one or more heat sources (HE-1, “heating input heat exchanger”) or one or more sources that require cooling or combinations thereof (“heating input source”) within one or more heat exchangers. Before, during, or after said “heating”, or in combinations thereof, L-1 can phase transition into a multi - liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 1) Heat - absorbing LCST phase change: A combined solution (L-1) that can contain a single liquid phase can be heated by, for example, one or more heat sources (HE-1, “heating input heat exchanger”) or one or more sources that require cooling or combinations thereof (“heating input source”) within one or more heat exchangers. Before, during, or after said “heating”, or in combinations thereof, L-1 can phase transition into a multi - liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. For example, one or more heat sources or one or more sources that require cooling or combinations thereof (the “heating input source”) within one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, the “heating input heat exchanger”). Before, during, or after said “heating”, or in combinations thereof, L-1 can phase transition into a multi - liquid phase mixture (LL-1). The phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. 2) Separation of multi - liquid phases: LL-1 can be separated into two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L-2 and L-3) that can contain one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL-1 using one or more liquid - liquid separation devices. For example, LL-1 can be separated into two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L-2 and L-3) that can contain one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL-1 using one or more liquid - liquid separation devices. 3) Bypass of one or more cloud point adjustment steps: One or more reagents that lower the LCST 3) Bypass of one or more cloud point adjustment steps: One or more reagents that lower the LCST The possible L-2 can be directed (V-1) as the input steam (L-5) to one or more flow integration or mixing processes element (Integration 1), where L-5 may remain of the same or similar composition and may exit Integration 1 as flow L-10. For example, to potentially minimize the incorporation of residual L-9 or other potential residues in Integration 1, L-5 can also bypass the process element "Integration 1". L-10 may contain, for example, one or more reagents that lower the LCST of the same or similar concentration compared to, for example, L-2. L-10 can be transferred as L-11 to step "4)". 4) Mixing in the liquid phase: L-11 can be mixed with L-3, thereby forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL- 2), or a combined solution (L-4) of a single liquid phase, or a combination thereof can be formed. 5) Heat release LCST phase change: The liquid flow(s) from step "4)" can be "cooled" by, for example, one or more applications that require heating in one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "heating application heat exchanger"), or one or more cooling sources, or one or more heat sinks, or a combination thereof ("heating-required applications"). Before, during, or after said "cooling", or a combination thereof, the liquid flow(s) from step "4)" can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution (L-1) of a single liquid phase. Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic.

[0062] Note: L-2 contains, for example, one or more LCST reagents at a lower mass % concentration compared to, for example, L-1 and / or one or more LC at a higher mass % concentration compared to, for example, L-1 A solution having a reagent for lowering the LCST, an LCST reagent solvent, or a combination thereof may be included.

[0063] Note: L-3 may be, for example, one or more Ls having a higher mass % concentration compared to, for example, L-1 CST reagent and / or one or more LCs having a lower mass % concentration compared to, for example, L-1 A solution having a reagent for lowering the LCST, an LCST reagent solvent, or a combination thereof may be included.

[0064] Note: Although an increase in the concentration of all reagents for lowering the LCST may lower the LCST of one or more liquid systems, not all reagents for lowering the LCST may be regarded as reagents for lowering the LCST. A "reagent for lowering the LCST" may be soluble in one or more "LCST reagent solvents" rather than in one or more "LCST reagents". On the other hand, a reagent that can lower the LCST with an increase in concentration and is more soluble or perceptibly more soluble in one or more "LCST reagents" than in one or more "LCST reagent solvents" may be classified as an "LCST binding agent reagent". For example, considering an example of a liquid system containing polypropylene glycol 425 (PPG 425), propylene carbonate, water, and 5 wt% sodium chloride, PPG 425 may be classified as an "LCST reagent", propylene carbonate may be classified as an "LCST binding agent reagent", water may be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent", and sodium chloride may be classified as a "reagent for lowering the LCST". PPG 425 may be classified as an LCST reagent because it can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing, for example, water and sodium chloride. Propylene carbonate, for example can be more soluble or perceptibly more soluble in one or more "LCST reagents" than in one or more "LCST reagent solvents", and can lower the LCST with an increase in concentration, so it may be classified as an "LCST binding agent reagent". can be more soluble or perceptibly more soluble in one or more "LCST reagents" than in one or more "LCST reagent solvents", and can lower the LCST with an increase in concentration, so it may be classified as an "LCST binding agent reagent".

[0065] For example, considering an example of a liquid system containing polypropylene glycol 425 (PPG 425), propylene carbonate, water, and 5 wt% sodium chloride, PPG 425 may be classified as an "LCST reagent", propylene carbonate may be classified as an "LCST binding agent reagent", water may be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent", and sodium chloride may be classified as a "reagent for lowering the LCST". PPG 425 may be classified as an LCST reagent because it can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing, for example, water and sodium chloride. Propylene carbonate, for example can be more soluble or perceptibly more soluble in one or more "LCST reagents" than in one or more "LCST reagent solvents", and can lower the LCST with an increase in concentration, so it may be classified as an "LCST binding agent reagent". can be more soluble or perceptibly more soluble in one or more "LCST reagents" than in one or more "LCST reagent solvents", and can lower the LCST with an increase in concentration, so it may be classified as an "LCST binding agent reagent". then, since PPG 425 can be mainly dissolved in the phase in which PPG 425 is concentrated during the LCST phase transition of the LCST reagent, it can be classified as an "LCST binder reagent". In addition, for example propylene carbonate may lack an LCST phase transition in a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride. Water can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing an LCST reagent dissolved in water, for example, and thus can be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent". Sodium chloride can be classified as a "reagent for lowering LCST" because, for example, sodium chloride can be more soluble in the "LCST reagent solvent" than in the "LCST reagent". In addition, for example, sodium chloride may lack an LCST phase transition in a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride or only water and sodium chloride. In a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride, propylene carbonate may lack an LCST phase transition. Water can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing an LCST reagent dissolved in water, for example, and thus can be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent". Sodium chloride can be classified as a "reagent for lowering LCST" because, for example, sodium chloride can be more soluble in the "LCST reagent solvent" than in the "LCST reagent". In addition, for example, sodium chloride may lack an LCST phase transition in a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride In a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride, propylene carbonate may lack an LCST phase transition. Water can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing an LCST reagent dissolved in water, for example, and thus can be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent". Sodium chloride can be classified as a "reagent for lowering LCST" because, for example, sodium chloride can be more soluble in the "LCST reagent solvent" than in the "LCST reagent". In addition, for example, sodium chloride may lack an LCST phase transition in a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride In a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride, propylene carbonate may lack an LCST phase transition. Water can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing an LCST reagent dissolved in water, for example, and thus can be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent". Sodium chloride can be classified as a "reagent for lowering LCST" because, for example, sodium chloride can be more soluble in the "LCST reagent solvent" than in the "LCST reagent". In addition, for example, sodium chloride may lack an LCST phase transition in a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride In a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride, propylene carbonate may lack an LCST phase transition. Water can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing an LCST reagent dissolved in water, for example, and thus can be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent". Sodium chloride can be classified as a "reagent for lowering LCST" because, for example, sodium chloride can be more soluble in the "LCST reagent solvent" than in the "LCST reagent". In addition, for example, sodium chloride may lack an LCST phase transition in a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride In a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride, propylene carbonate may lack an LCST phase transition. Water can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing an LCST reagent dissolved in water, for example, and thus can be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent". Sodium chloride can be classified as a "reagent for lowering LCST" because, for example, sodium chloride can be more soluble in the "LCST reagent solvent" than in the "LCST reagent". In addition, for example, sodium chloride may lack an LCST phase transition in a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride In a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride, propylene carbonate may lack an LCST phase transition. Water can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing an LCST reagent dissolved in water, for example, and thus can be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent". Sodium chloride can be classified as a "reagent for lowering LCST" because, for example, sodium chloride can be more soluble in the "LCST reagent solvent" than in the "LCST reagent". In addition, for example, sodium chloride may lack an LCST phase transition in a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride In a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride, propylene carbonate may lack an LCST phase transition. Water can form an LCST phase transition in a solution containing an LCST reagent dissolved in water, for example, and thus can be classified as an "LCST reagent solvent". Sodium chloride can be classified as a "reagent for lowering LCST" because, for example, sodium chloride can be more soluble in the "LCST reagent solvent" than in the "LCST reagent". In addition, for example, sodium chloride may lack an LCST phase transition in a mixture of only water (including water as an example of an LCST reagent solvent) or only water and sodium chloride

[0066] Note: L-6 can be concentrated, for example, using reverse osmosis (RO) after first being treated by nanofiltration (NF) to remove, for example, one or more residual LCST reagents. One or more LCST reagent concentrate streams resulting from the NF can be mixed with, for example, L-3 or L-8 or L-11, or can be mixed within a "mixing" process element, or can be a combination thereof Note: L-6 can be concentrated, for example, using reverse osmosis (RO) after first being treated by nanofiltration (NF) to remove, for example, one or more residual LCST reagents. One or more LCST reagent concentrate streams resulting from the NF can be mixed with, for example, L-3 or L-8 or L-11, or can be mixed within a "mixing" process element, or can be a combination thereof Note: L-6 can be concentrated, for example, using reverse osmosis (RO) after first being treated by nanofiltration (NF) to remove, for example, one or more residual LCST reagents. One or more LCST reagent concentrate streams resulting from the NF can be mixed with, for example, L-3 or L-8 or L-11, or can be mixed within a "mixing" process element, or can be a combination thereof Note: L-6 can be concentrated, for example, using reverse osmosis (RO) after first being treated by nanofiltration (NF) to remove, for example, one or more residual LCST reagents. One or more LCST reagent concentrate streams resulting from the NF can be mixed with, for example, L-3 or L-8 or L-11, or can be mixed within a "mixing" process element, or can be a combination thereof Note: L-6 can be concentrated, for example, using reverse osmosis (RO) after first being treated by nanofiltration (NF) to remove, for example, one or more residual LCST reagents. One or more LCST reagent concentrate streams resulting from the NF can be mixed with, for example, L-3 or L-8 or L-11, or can be mixed within a "mixing" process element, or can be a combination thereof

[0067] Note: One way to potentially distinguish between an "LCST binder reagent" and an "LCST reagent" is, for example, whether the LCST binder reagent can lack an LCST or can have an LCST that is very different from one or more "LCST reagent solvents". For example, only water (including water as an example of an LCST solvent) Note: One way to potentially distinguish between an "LCST binder reagent" and an "LCST reagent" is, for example, whether the LCST binder reagent can lack an LCST or can have an LCST that is very different from one or more "LCST reagent solvents". For example, only water (including water as an example of an LCST solvent) Note: One way to potentially distinguish between an "LCST binder reagent" and an "LCST reagent" is, for example, whether the LCST binder reagent can lack an LCST or can have an LCST that is very different from one or more "LCST reagent solvents". For example, only water (including water as an example of an LCST solvent) In water containing examples) or a mixture of only water and sodium chloride, propylene carbonate is LCS It may lack the T phase transition.

[0068] Note: One or more or all of the embodiments herein may include one or more "LCST binding agent reagents". For convenience, the "LCST binding agent reagent" may or may not be explicitly stated in one or more descriptions.

[0069] Note: One or more or combinations of the liquid flows can be stored in the storage tank, for example, as excess volume or buffer volume. For example, liquid-liquid separation may require sufficient time, and one or more buffer storage containers can be used to store the separated liquid phases. The buffer storage containers may be desirable, for example, during the initiation of a heating or cooling transfer process.

[0070] Note: Steps 4 and 5 can be performed simultaneously, or with the same process element, or sequentially, or by separate process elements, or a combination thereof.

[0071] Note: Active cloud point adjustment can also be used in LCST embodiments for cooling transfer. In LCST embodiments for cooling transfer, it may be desirable to not include or bypass one or more multiphase liquid separation devices.

[0072] Note: This embodiment can function as a cooling transfer technology. For example, "heating-required application lication" may include, but is not limited to, a heat sink, or evaporative cooling, or other cooling sources, or combinations thereof, a "cold heat source". In operation as a cooling transfer system, this embodiment bypasses one or more multiphase liquid separation devices. ​​​​​be obtained. By transporting the separate liquid phases separately, effective heat transfer can be achieved over various conditions and distances, and in some cases at least partially independently of the various conditions and transport distances, making a multiphase liquid separation device desirable in the heat transfer during the LCST phase change of the present embodiment. in some cases at least partially independently of the various conditions and transport distances. heat transfer may be possible, so a multiphase liquid separation device may be desirable in the heat transfer during the LCST phase change of the present embodiment. [Table 1] [Table 2]

[0073] Figure 2: Figure 2A - Example of step - by - step description - Active reduction of UCST by concentrating CST reagent in one or more combined flows, system with multiphase liquid mixture separation: 1) Concentration of one or more CST reagents using one or more membrane - based processes: A combined solution (L - 1) that may contain a single liquid phase can be directed (V - 1) as an input solution (L - 3) to one or more pumps (P - 1). L - 3 can be pressurized using P - 1 to form one or more pressurized solutions (L - 4). L - 4 can include one or more feed streams to one or more membrane - based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF"), whereby one or more concentrated streams (L - 6) and one or more permeate streams (L - 5 or LL) can be formed. The one or more concentrated streams (L - 6) can contain one or more CST reagents at a higher concentration than the one or more feed streams. The one or more permeate streams (L - 5 or LL) can contain one or more CST reagents at a lower concentration than the one or more feed streams. The one or more permeate streams (L - 5 or LL) can have, for example, a significantly lower concentration of one or more CST reagents, or ​​​​​​​​​​​Or, since it does not exist, it may contain two or more liquid phases. L-5 or LL may be transferred to one or more permeate and / or permeate equivalent storage units (the "permeate reservoir"). L-6 may be directed as L-9 to step "2)" (V-2). 2) Heat release UCST phase change: L-9, which may contain a single liquid phase, is, for example, one or more heat exchanges cooled by one or more cold heat sources or evaporative cooling or one or more applications requiring heating or combinations thereof (the "cold heat input source ") in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, the "heat sink heat exchanger"). Before, during, or after said "cooling", or combinations thereof, L-9 may undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1) ). Said phase transition may be, for example, exothermic. 3) Separation of multi-liquid phase mixture: LL-1 may be separated, using one or more liquid-liquid separation devices, into two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L-10 and L-11) that may contain one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL-1. 4) Mixing of liquid phases: L-11 may be mixed with L-10, thereby forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL -2), or a combined solution of single liquid phases (L-12), or combinations thereof. 5) Heat absorption UCST phase change: One or more liquid streams LL-2 or L-12 from step "4)" may be "heated" by, for example, one or more applications requiring cooling, or one or more heat sources, or one or more enthalpy sources, or combinations thereof (the "application requiring cooling") in one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, the "cooling application heat exchanger "). Before, during, or after said "heating", or combinations thereof, After said "heating", or combinations thereof, the liquid stream(s) from step "4)" can phase transition to a combined solution (L-1) of a single liquid phase. Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic.

[0074] Figure 2B - Example of step - by - step description - Active reduction of UCST by concentrating CST reagent in one or more combined streams, system without multi - liquid - phase mixture separation: 1) Concentration of one or more CST reagents using one or more membrane - based processes: A combined solution (L-1) that can contain a single liquid phase can be directed (V-1) as an input solution (L-3) to one or more pumps (P-1). L-3 can be pressurized using P-1 to form one or more pressurized solutions (L-4). L-4 can include one or more feed streams to one or more membrane - based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF"), whereby one or more concentrate streams (L-6) and one or more permeate streams (L-5 or LL) can be formed. Said one or more concentrate streams (L-6) can contain one or more CST reagents at a higher concentration than said one or more feed streams. Said one or more permeate streams (L-5 or LL) can contain one or more CST reagents at a lower concentration than said one or more feed streams. Said one or more permeate streams (L-5 or LL) can contain two or more liquid phases, for example, because the concentration of one or more CST reagents is significantly low or it is absent. L-5 or LL can be transferred to one or more permeate and / or permeate - equivalent storage units ("permeate reservoir"). L-6 can be 2) Heat - releasing UCST phase change: L-9, which can contain a single liquid phase, can, One or more cold heat sources or evaporative cooling or one or more applications or combinations thereof (the "cold heat input source ") that require heating can be cooled by. Before, during, or after said "cooling", or combinations thereof, L-9 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1) . Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: LL-1 can be "heated" by, for example, one or more applications that require cooling, one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, the " cooling application heat exchanger"), one or more heat sources, one or more enthalpy sources, or combinations thereof (the "application that requires cooling"). Before, during, or after said "heating", or combinations thereof, LL- 1 can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-1). Said phase transition can be, for example , endothermic.

[0075] Figure 2C - Example of step-by-step explanation - Active increase of UCST by diluting CST reagent with permeate and / or permeate equivalent in one or more combined flows, system with multi-liquid phase separation: 1) Dilution of one or more CST reagents in one or more liquid phases: A combined solution L-1 that may contain a single liquid phase can be directed (V-1) as input vapor (L-2) to one or more flow integration or mixing process elements (integration 1), where L-2 can be mixed with a permeate or permeate equivalent liquid or combinations thereof (L-7 or LL), thereby forming a diluted CST reagent solution (L-8). L-8 can be, for example, compared to L-2 ​​​​​​ It may contain one or more CST reagents at a low concentration. L-8 can be transferred to step "2)" as L-9. It can be transferred to. 2) Heat-releasing UCST phase change: L-9, which may contain a single liquid phase, is, for example, one or more cold heat sources or evaporative cooling or in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, "heat sink heat exchanger") or one or more applications that require heating or a combination thereof ("cold heat input source" "). It can be cooled by. Before, during, or after the said "cooling", or a combination thereof, L-9 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). This phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Separation of the multi-liquid phase mixture: LL-1 can be separated into two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L-10 and L-11) that may contain one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL-1 using one or more liquid-liquid separation devices. 4) Mixing of the liquid phases: L-11 can be mixed with L-10, thereby forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL- -2), or a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-12), or a combination thereof. 5) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: One or more liquid streams LL-2 or L-12 from step "4)" can be "heated" by, for example, one or more applications that require cooling, or one or more heat sources, or one or more enthalpy sources, or a combination thereof ("applications that require cooling") in one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "cooling application heat exchanger"). Before, during, or after the said "heating", or a combination thereof, the liquid stream(s) from step "4)" or after the said "heating", or a combination thereof, the liquid stream(s) from step "4)" (plural can phase transition to a combined solution (L-1) of a single liquid phase. Such phase transition can be, for example, endothermic.

[0076] Figure 2D - Example of step - by - step description - Maintenance of UCST by bypassing one or more cloud point adjustment steps, system with multi - liquid - phase mixture separation, "bypassed" active cloud point adjustment unit can contact a single - liquid - phase solution combined with: 1) Bypass of one or more cloud point adjustment steps: L-1, which may contain a single liquid phase, is directed as input vapor ( L-2) to one or more flow integration or mixing process elements (Integration 1) (V-1), where L-2 may remain of the same or similar composition, and the flow L-8 may exit Integration 1. For example, to potentially minimize the mixing of residual L-7 or LL or other potential residues in Integration 1, L-2 may similarly or alternatively bypass the process element "Integration 1". L-8 may contain one or more CST reagents of the same or similar concentration compared to, for example, L-2. L-8 may be transferred as L-9 to step "2)". 2) Heat - releasing UCST phase change: L-9, which may contain a single liquid phase, is cooled, for example, by one or more cold heat sources or evaporation cooling or heating - required applications or combinations thereof ( "cold heat input source" ) within one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, "heat sink heat exchanger"). Before, during, or after such "cooling", or combinations thereof, L-9 can phase transition to a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL-1). Such phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Separation of multi - liquid - phase mixture: LL-1 is separated using one or more liquid - liquid separation devices, for example, using one or more liquid - liquid separation devices, for example, one or more liquid - liquid separation devices, for example, one or more liquid - liquid separation devices, for example, Such phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 3) Separation of multi - liquid - phase mixture: LL-1 is separated using one or more liquid - liquid separation devices, for example, It can be separated into two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L-10 and L-11) that may contain one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL-1. 4) Mixing of liquid phases: L-11 can be mixed with L-10, thereby forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL -2), or a combined solution (L-12) of a single liquid phase, or a combination thereof. 5) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: One or more liquid streams LL-2 or L-12 from step "4)" can be "heated" by, for example, one or more applications requiring cooling in one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "cooling application heat exchanger" ), or one or more heat sources, or one or more enthalpy sources, or a combination thereof ("cooling-required application" ). Before, during, or after said "heating", or a combination thereof, the liquid stream(s) from step "4)" can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution (L-1) of a single liquid phase. Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. ). Said phase transition can be endothermic, for example.

[0077] Figure 2E - Example of step-by-step explanation - Active reduction of UCST by concentrating CST reagent in one or more separated streams, system with multi-liquid phase mixture separation: 1) Heat-releasing UCST phase change: A combined solution L-1 that may contain a single liquid phase can be cooled by, for example, one or more cold heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, "heat sink heat exchanger"), or one or more applications requiring evaporation cooling or heating, or a combination thereof ("cold heat input source"). Before, during, or after said "cooling", or a combination thereof, L-1 becomes a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL -1) or a combined solution (L-2) of a single liquid phase. -1) can undergo a phase transition. Such a phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 2) Separation of a multi - liquid - phase mixture: LL - 1 can be separated into two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L - 2 and L - 3) using one or more multi - liquid - phase separation devices, which can include one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL - 1. 3) Concentration of a reagent that reduces the LCST in one or more liquid phases: L - 2, which may contain one or more CST reagents, can be directed (V - 1) as input steam (L - 5) to one or more pumps and / or pressure exchangers (P - 1). L - 5 can be pressurized within P - 1, and thereby, for example, one or more pressurized feed solutions (L - 6) can be formed. L - 6 can be fed to one or more membrane - based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF"), whereby L - 6 can be separated into, for example, one or more concentrated streams (L - 8) and / or one or more permeate streams (L - 7). The one or more concentrated streams may have a higher concentration of CST reagents compared to L - 6. The one or more permeate streams may contain one or more CST reagents at a lower concentration compared to L - 6. L - 8 can be transferred as L - 11 to step "4)". L - 7 can be transferred to a permeate and / or permeate - equivalent reservoir ("permeate reservoir"). 4) Mixing of liquid phases: L - 11 can be mixed with L - 3, thereby forming a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 2), or a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L - 12), or a combination thereof. 5) Heat - absorbing UCST phase change: One or more liquid streams LL - 2 or L - 12 from step "4)" can be, for example, passed through one or more heat exchangers (HE - 2, "cooling application heat exchanger" Applications that require one or more cooling, or one or more heat sources, or one or more enthalpy sources, or combinations thereof (an "application that requires cooling") can be "heated" by the "heating" before, during, or after the "heating", or combinations thereof, and the liquid stream(s) from step "4)" can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution (L-1) of a single liquid phase. The phase transition can be endothermic, for example.

[0078] Figure 2F - Example of step - by - step description - Active increase of UCST by diluting CST reagent in one or more separated streams with permeate and / or permeate equivalents, system with multi - liquid phase mixture separation: 1) Heat - releasing UCST phase change: A combined solution L - 1 that can contain a single liquid phase can be cooled by one or more cold heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE - 1, "heat sink heat exchanger"), or one or more applications that require evaporation cooling or heating, or combinations thereof ("cold heat input source"). Before, during, or after the "cooling", or combinations thereof, L - 1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi - liquid phase mixture (LL - 1). The phase transition can be exothermic, for example. 2) Separation of multi - liquid phase mixture: LL - 1 can be separated using one or more multi - liquid phase separation devices into two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L - 2 and L - 3) that can contain one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL - 1. (Integration 1) can be directed (V-1), where L-4 is the permeate or permeate equivalent liquid or can be mixed with combinations thereof (L-9 or LL), whereby a diluted CST reagent solution (L-10) can be formed. L-10 can contain, for example, one or more CST reagents at a lower concentration compared to L-2. L-10 can be transferred as L-11 to step " 4) ". 4) Mixing of liquid phases: L-11 can be mixed with L-3, whereby a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL- 2), or a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-12), or a combination thereof can be formed. 5) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: One or more liquid streams LL-2 or L-12 from step "4)" can be "heated" by, for example, one or more applications requiring cooling within one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "cooling application heat exchanger "), or one or more heat sources, or one or more enthalpy sources, or a combination thereof ("cooling-required application "). Before, during, or after said "heating", or a combination thereof, the liquid stream(s) from step "4)" can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. For example, it can be endothermic.

[0079] Figure 2G - Example of step-by-step description - Maintenance of UCST by bypassing one or more cloud point adjustment steps, a system with multi-liquid phase mixture separation, where the "bypassed" active cloud point adjustment unit can contact one or more separated liquid streams: 1) Heat-releasing UCST phase change: A combined solution L-1 that can contain a single liquid phase, for example, then, one or more cold heat sources in one or more heat exchangers (HE-1, "heat sink heat exchanger") or one or more applications that require evaporative cooling or heating or combinations thereof (the "cold heat input source"). It can be cooled by. Before said "cooling", or during said "cooling", or after said "cooling", or combinations thereof, L-1 can undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Said phase transition can be, for example, exothermic. 2) Separation of the multi-liquid phase mixture: LL-1 can be separated using one or more multi-liquid phase separation devices into two or more at least partially separated liquid streams (L-2 and L-3) that can contain one or more of the constituent liquid phases of LL-1, for example. 3) Bypass of one or more cloud point temperature adjustment steps: L-2, which can contain one or more CST reagents, can be directed (V-1) as input steam (L-4) to one or more flow integration or mixing process elements (integration 1), where L-4 can remain of the same or similar composition and exit integration 1 as flow L-10. For example, to potentially minimize the mixing of residual L-9 or LL or other potential residues in integration 1, L-4 can also bypass the process element "integration 1". L-10 can contain one or more CST reagents of the same or similar concentration as, for example, L-2. L-10 can be transferred as L-11 to step " 4)". 4) Mixing of the liquid phases: L-11 can be mixed with L-3, thereby forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-2), or a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-12), or combinations thereof. 5) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: One or more liquid streams LL-2 or from step "4)" 3) bypass of one or more cloud point temperature adjustment steps: L-2, which may contain one or more CST reagents, may be directed (V-1) as input steam (L-4) to one or more flow integration or mixing process elements (integration 1), where L-4 may remain of the same or similar composition and may exit integration 1 as flow L-10. For example, to potentially minimize the mixing of residual L-9 or LL or other potential residues in integration 1, L-4 may also bypass the process element "integration 1". L-10 may contain one or more CST reagents of the same or similar concentration as, for example, L-2. L-10 may be transferred as L-11 to step " 4)". 4) Mixing of the liquid phases: L-11 may be mixed with L-3, thereby forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL- 2), or a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-12), or combinations thereof. 5) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: One or more liquid streams LL-2 or from step "4)" can be transferred to step "4)". 4) Mixing of the liquid phases: L-11 can be mixed with L-3, thereby forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL- 2), or a combined solution of a single liquid phase (L-12), or combinations thereof. can be formed. 5) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: One or more liquid streams LL-2 or L-12 can be "heated" by, for example, one or more applications that require cooling in one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, "cooling application heat exchanger" "), or one or more heat sources, or one or more enthalpy sources, or a combination thereof ("cooling required application "). Before, during, or after said "heating", or a combination thereof, the liquid stream (plural optional) from step "4)" can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution (L-1) of a single liquid phase. Said phase transition can be, for example, endothermic. [Table 3] [Table 4]

[0080] Note: UCST liquid systems can include, but are not limited to, one or more or combinations of the following. · "UCST solvent": A reagent that can dissolve "CST reagent" and exhibit limited solubility in "low solubility reagent". · "CST reagent": A reagent that enables a "low solubility reagent" to be substantially or completely soluble in a UCST solvent reagent at a certain temperature and / or other conditions, and insoluble or only partially soluble at a certain different temperature and / or other conditions. By increasing the concentration of the CST reagent, for example, the UCST can decrease. · "Low solubility reagent": Having low solubility in UCST solvent alone or relatively high solubility in "CST reagent", or in the presence of a CST reagent exceeding one or more concentrations, and or at a particular temperature and / or other conditions, or combinations thereof, Reagents that can exhibit complete solubility in a UCST solvent. · "High solubility reagent": A reagent that can have high solubility in UCST solvent alone, or high solubility in a "CST reagent", or high solubility in a "low solubility reagent", or combinations thereof. High solubility reagents can, for example, lower the UCST and / or affect other phase transition properties in the liquid system. · "Reagent that raises the UCST": A reagent that can have high solubility in UCST solvent alone, or low solubility in a "CST reagent" alone, or low solubility in a "low solubility reagent" alone, or combinations thereof. Low solubility reagents can, for example, raise the UCST and / or affect other phase transition properties in the liquid system.

[0081] Note: Depending on the CST reagent and the composition of the liquid system, by increasing the concentration of the CST reagent above a certain concentration compared to a "low solubility reagent" and / or one or more other reagents, the liquid system can transition from a liquid system having a UCST to a liquid system having an LCST. This transition can be utilized in one or more refrigeration cycles or heating and cooling transfer systems or extraction or heat engines or one or more applications described herein.

[0082] Figure 3: Figure 3 - Example of step - by - step explanation - Active increase of UCST by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents that raise the UCST, for example, when the system does not have multi - liquid - phase mixture separation 1) Concentration of one or more reagents that raise the UCST using one or more membrane - based processes: A combined solution (L - 1) that may contain a single liquid phase is used as the input solution (L - 3) ​ One or more pumps (P-1) or pressure exchangers or energy recovery devices or The combination of these can be oriented (V-1). L-3 is pressurized using P-1. , forming one or more pressurized solutions (L-4). L-4 may be one or more membrane-based Includes one or more feed streams to a process (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO" or nanofiltration "NF"). This allows the production of one or more concentrate streams (L-6) and one or more permeate streams (L-5 or The one or more concentrate streams (L-6) may be formed from the one or more feed streams (LL). The one or more permeabilities may include a reagent that increases the concentration of one or more UCSTs above the permeability. A surplus stream (L-5 or LL) is one or more UCs with lower concentrations than the feed stream or feed streams. The L-5 or LL may include one or more permeants and / or agents that increase ST. L-6 can be transferred to a permeate equivalent storage unit ("permeate storage"). and can be directed to step “2)” (V-2). 2) Heat releasing UCST phase change: L-9, which may contain a single liquid phase, e.g., undergoes one or more heat exchange One or more cold sources or evaporative cooling or One or more applications or a combination of them that require heating ("Cold input source" "). Before the "cooling", or during the "cooling", or " or a combination thereof, L-9 may undergo a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). The phase transition may, for example, be exothermic. 3) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: LL-1 is, for example, one or more heat exchangers (HE-2, " Cooling Applications Applications requiring cooling in one or more or one or more heat sources, or one or more enthalpy sources, or combinations thereof (“applications requiring cooling”) can be “heated”. Before such “heating” , or during such “heating”, or after such “heating”, or combinations thereof, LL- 1 can undergo a phase transition to a combined solution (L-1) in a single liquid phase. Such a phase transition can be, for example , endothermic.

[0083] For example, this figure can show an active increase in UCST, for example, by increasing the concentration of one or more reagents (the “reagents for increasing UCST”) that increase the UCST with increasing concentration, for example one or more. Adjustment of one or more cloud point temperatures can be performed, for example, by one or more “heat absorption” steps or by adjusting the concentration or composition in the combined single liquid phase solution produced thereafter.

[0084] Note: In Figure 3, it may be desirable for one or more CST reagents to have a smaller molecular weight or hydration radius than one or more reagents for increasing UCST. For example, while one or more reagents for increasing UCST can be rejected by one or more membranes, the CST reagent can pass at least partially through one or more of such membranes, thereby enabling concentration of the reagent for increasing UCST without concentrating, or minimizing or reducing to a lesser extent, one or more CST reagents

[0085] Note: In Figure 3, the UCST can be decreased, for example, by adding a permeate or permeate equivalent or combinations thereof

[0086] Figure 4: Summary of the advantages of the example of Figure 4​​​​​​​​ Figure 4 - Example of step - by - step explanation - Concentration of reagent for lowering membrane - based LCST and separation of multi - liquid - phase mixtures for LCST liquid - system refrigeration cycle using the separation of multi - liquid - phase mixtures 1) Heat - absorbing phase change to multi - liquid - phase mixture: One or more reagents for lowering LCST can be dilute, and a combined solution (L - 7) of a single liquid phase that may contain one or more LCST reagents, LCST - binding reagent, or combinations thereof can be mixed with one or more solutions (L - 8) in which one or more reagents for lowering LCST are concentrated or can be abundant and one or more LCST reagents and / or LCST - binding reagents can be dilute. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, whereby a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1) can be formed. The mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE - 2) in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. The application that requires such cooling can be at a temperature similar to or lower than that of the application that requires heating, for example, in step 4 2) Separation of multi - liquid - phase mixture: LL - 1 can contain a multi - liquid - phase mixture. LL - 1 can be separated into at least a part of the constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture. The constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture can include, for example, a liquid phase containing one or more highly concentrated LCST reagents, LCST - binding reagents, or combinations thereof (L - 2), and can include, for example, another liquid phase containing one or more reagents for lowering LCST and an LCST reagent solvent (L - 1). and / or LCST - binding reagents can be dilute. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, whereby a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1) can be formed. The mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE - 2) in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. The application that requires such cooling can be at a temperature similar to or lower than that of the application that requires heating, for example, in step 4 and / or LCST - binding reagents can be dilute. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, whereby a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1) can be formed. The mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE - 2) in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. The application that requires such cooling can be at a temperature similar to or lower than that of the application that requires heating, for example, in step 4 and / or LCST - binding reagents can be dilute. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, whereby a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1) can be formed. The mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE - 2) in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. The application that requires such cooling can be at a temperature similar to or lower than that of the application that requires heating, for example, in step 4 and / or LCST - binding reagents can be dilute. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, whereby a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1) can be formed. The mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE - 2) in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. The application that requires such cooling can be at a temperature similar to or lower than that of the application that requires heating, for example, in step 4 and / or LCST - binding reagents can be dilute. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, whereby a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1) can be formed. The mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE - 2) in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. The application that requires such cooling can be at a temperature similar to or lower than that of the application that requires heating, for example, in step 4 and / or LCST - binding reagents can be dilute. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, whereby a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1) can be formed. The mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE - 2) in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. The application that requires such cooling can be at a temperature similar to or lower than that of the application that requires heating, for example, in step 4 and / or LCST - binding reagents can be dilute. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, whereby a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1) can be formed. The mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE - 2) in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. The application that requires such cooling can be at a temperature similar to or lower than that of the application that requires heating, for example, in step 4 and / or LCST - binding reagents can be dilute. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, whereby a multi - liquid - phase mixture (LL - 1) can be formed. The mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE - 2) in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. The application that requires such cooling can be at a temperature similar to or lower than that of the application that requires heating, for example, in step 4 2) Separation of multi - liquid - phase mixture: LL - 1 can contain a multi - liquid - phase mixture. LL - 1 can be separated into at least a part of the constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture. The constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture can include, for example, a liquid phase containing one or more highly concentrated LCST reagents, LCST - binding reagents, or combinations thereof (L - 2), and can include, for example, another liquid phase containing one or more reagents for lowering LCST and an LCST reagent solvent (L - 1). 2) Separation of multi - liquid - phase mixture: LL - 1 can contain a multi - liquid - phase mixture. LL - 1 can be separated into at least a part of the constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture. The constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture can include, for example, a liquid phase containing one or more highly concentrated LCST reagents, LCST - binding reagents, or combinations thereof (L - 2), and can include, for example, another liquid phase containing one or more reagents for lowering LCST and an LCST reagent solvent (L - 1). 2) Separation of multi - liquid - phase mixture: LL - 1 can contain a multi - liquid - phase mixture. LL - 1 can be separated into at least a part of the constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture. The constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture can include, for example, a liquid phase containing one or more highly concentrated LCST reagents, LCST - binding reagents, or combinations thereof (L - 2), and can include, for example, another liquid phase containing one or more reagents for lowering LCST and an LCST reagent solvent (L - 1). (L - 2) can include a liquid phase containing one or more highly concentrated LCST reagents, LCST - binding reagents, or combinations thereof, and can include, for example, another liquid phase containing one or more reagents for lowering LCST and an LCST reagent solvent (L - 1). 2) Separation of multi - liquid - phase mixture: LL - 1 can contain a multi - liquid - phase mixture. LL - 1 can be separated into at least a part of the constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture. The constituent liquid phases of the multi - liquid - phase mixture can include, for example, a liquid phase containing one or more highly concentrated LCST reagents, LCST - binding reagents, or combinations thereof (L - 2), and can include, for example, another liquid phase containing one or more reagents for lowering LCST and an LCST reagent solvent (L - 1). 3) Concentration of one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs using one or more membrane-based processes : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". : L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO") can be formed. By this reverse osmosis, L-3 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-5) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a higher concentration compared to, for example, L-3, and one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs at a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-3 or may not contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "concentrate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled as L-6 in step "4)". 4) Heat-releasing LCST phase change: L-6, which may contain a dilute or reagent-free liquid and may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs, can be mixed with L-2, which may contain one or more LCST reagents, LCST binder reagents, or combinations thereof. This mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an exothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and can include the formation of a combined single liquid phase solution (L-7). This mixing can involve heat exchange with one or more of heating applications, evaporation cooling steps, or heat sinks or combinations thereof : L-6, which may contain a dilute or reagent-free liquid and may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs, can be mixed with L-2, which may contain one or more LCST reagents, LCST binder reagents, or combinations thereof. This mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an exothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and can include the formation of a combined single liquid phase solution (L-7). This mixing can involve heat exchange with one or more of heating applications, evaporation cooling steps, or heat sinks or combinations thereof : L-6, which may contain a dilute or reagent-free liquid and may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs, can be mixed with L-2, which may contain one or more LCST reagents, LCST binder reagents, or combinations thereof. This mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an exothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and can include the formation of a combined single liquid phase solution (L-7). This mixing can involve heat exchange with one or more of heating applications, evaporation cooling steps, or heat sinks or combinations thereof : L-6, which may contain a dilute or reagent-free liquid and may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs, can be mixed with L-2, which may contain one or more LCST reagents, LCST binder reagents, or combinations thereof. This mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an exothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and can include the formation of a combined single liquid phase solution (L-7). This mixing can involve heat exchange with one or more of heating applications, evaporation cooling steps, or heat sinks or combinations thereof : L-6, which may contain a dilute or reagent-free liquid and may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs, can be mixed with L-2, which may contain one or more LCST reagents, LCST binder reagents, or combinations thereof. This mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an exothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and can include the formation of a combined single liquid phase solution (L-7). This mixing can involve heat exchange with one or more of heating applications, evaporation cooling steps, or heat sinks or combinations thereof : L-6, which may contain a dilute or reagent-free liquid and may contain one or more reagents that lower one or more LCSTs, can be mixed with L-2, which may contain one or more LCST reagents, LCST binder reagents, or combinations thereof. This mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an exothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and can include the formation of a combined single liquid phase solution (L-7). This mixing can involve heat exchange with one or more of heating applications, evaporation cooling steps, or heat sinks or combinations thereof ​(HE-1) One or more heat exchangers (Heat Exchanger 1) may occur before, during, and after heat exchange, or in combinations thereof. The liquid system may release heat during said phase transition. Step "4)" may occur at the same or a higher temperature than step "1)", if desired.

[0087] Note: For example, to remove one or more residual LCST reagents, it may be desirable to first treat L-1, for example, by nanofiltration, thereby, for example, obtaining one or more concentrated streams rich in one or more LCST reagents and one or more permeate streams dilute in or free of one or more LCST reagents. The nanofiltration concentrate solution may be mixed, for example, with L-7. The nanofiltration feed stream may be, for example, a feed stream to one or more reverse osmosis steps to concentrate one or more reagents that lower the LCST, for example, forming one or

[0088] Note: The embodiments described herein may use a pressure or energy recovery device during one or more membrane-based processes.

[0089] Figure 5: Summary of the advantages of the example of Figure 5: Figure 5A - Example of step-by-step description - UCST liquid system refrigeration cycle using membrane-based concentration of CST reagents and separation of multi-liquid phase mixtures 1) Change to a multi-liquid phase mixture of the heat-releasing phase: A combined solution (L-7) of a single liquid phase that may be rich in one or more CST reagents can be mixed. Such mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an exothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and the formation of a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). Such mixing can require heating in one or more applications, or an evaporation cooling step, or a heat sink, or can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE-2) with one or more heat exchangers (Heat Exchanger 2) that can be combined with one or more of them. The liquid system can release heat during such phase transition. The application that requires such heating can be, for example, at a temperature similar to or higher than an application that requires cooling, such as in Step 4. 2) Separation of the multi-liquid phase mixture: LL-1 can contain a multi-liquid phase mixture. LL-1 can be separated into at least a part of the constituent liquid phases of the multi-liquid phase mixture. The constituent liquid phases of the multi-liquid phase mixture can include, for example, a liquid phase containing one or more "low solubility reagents" (L-2), and can also include, for example, another liquid phase containing one or more CST reagents and UCST solvent reagents (L-1). 3) Concentration of one or more CST reagents using one or more membrane-based processes: L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or a combination thereof (P-1), thereby forming a pressurized feed solution (L-3) to one or more membrane-based processes (such as nanofiltration "NF"). Such nanofiltration can result in an L-3 It can be separated into one or more permeate streams (L-4) that may contain a UCST solvent without drugs. L-5 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-4 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or it can be a combination thereof. L-5 can be transferred to one or more "permeate storage" containers and / or step "1)". L-4 can be labeled with L-6 in step "4)". 4) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: L-6, which may contain a UCST solvent with a higher concentration of one or more CST reagents, can be mixed with L-2, which may contain one or more "low-solubility reagents". This mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and can include the formation of a combined solution (L-7) of a single liquid phase. This mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE-1) with one or more heat exchangers (Heat Exchanger 1) that can heat exchange with an application that requires one or more cooling, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. Step "4)" can occur at a temperature similar to or lower than step "1)" if desired.

[0090] Figure 5E - Example of step-by-step description - UCST liquid system refrigeration cycle using membrane-based concentration of CST reagents in liquid separation using a membrane Note: Figure 5E may use "Heat Exchanger 1" and HE-1 that are within or integrated with or heat exchanged with one or more membrane-based concentration units. During membrane-based concentration, for example, the solution on the retentate side of the membrane can undergo endothermic dissolution.

[0091] ​​​​​​​​​​​​ Note: One or more fluid or liquid systems may contain one or more "high solubility reagents" and / or may contain one or more "reagents that raise the UCST".

[0092] Figure 6: Summary of the advantages of the example of Figure 6: Figure 6A - Example of step - by - step description - Membrane in a combined solution and permeate multi - liquid phase mixture UCST liquid system refrigeration cycle using concentration of base CST reagent 1) Heat - absorbing UCST phase change: L - 4, which may contain a UCST solvent having a higher concentration of one or more CST reagents, can be mixed with LL - 3, which may contain a multi - liquid phase mixture of one or more "low solubility reagents" having one or more "UCST solvent reagents". This mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and can include the formation of a combined single - liquid phase solution (L - 1). This mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (Heat Exchanger 2), which can be one or more heat exchangers that can require one or more cooling applications, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof (HE - 2), or a combination of them. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. Step "1)" can occur at the same or a lower temperature than step "2)" if desired. 2) Concentration of one or more CST reagents and potentially heat - releasing phase change using one or more membrane - based processes: L - 1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or a combination thereof (P - 1), thereby forming a pressurized feed solution (L - 2) to one or more membrane - based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF"). By such nanofiltration, L-2 can be obtained by, for example, obtaining a higher concentration of 1 compared to L-2. One or more concentrated streams (L-3 or less) that may contain UCST solvent having one or more CST reagents , which may include L-4 after pressure recovery) and one or more of lower concentrations compared to, for example, L-2. Can it contain a multi-liquid phase mixture of CST reagents and UCST solvents with "low solubility reagents"? or multiple liquid phases of one or more CST reagents and UCST solvents that do not contain "low solubility reagents" One or more permeate streams (LL-2, LL-3, etc.) that may contain a mixture The permeate stream may be separated in the substantial absence or presence of one or more CST reagents. contains UCST solvents and "low solubility reagents" in the presence of low concentrations of one or more CST reagents This results in, for example, a permeation defect due to the low solubility of a "low solubility reagent" in the UCST solvent. Such a phase transition of the permeate stream can result in a phase transition of the permeate stream into two or more liquid phases. The phase transition may be thermal. The phase transition may be due to one or more applications requiring heating, or May be heat exchanged (HE-1) with a heat sink, or evaporative cooling, or a combination of both before, during, or after heat exchange in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 1); or The heat exchanger may be used in a membrane-based process or in a combination thereof. Directly or indirectly with one or more permeate streams exiting the base process, or a combination thereof L-3 may include one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps. or the LL-2 may undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery processes. LL-2 may undergo one or more of the steps described above, or a combination thereof. LL-3) It can be. L-3 can be labeled with L-4 in step "1)".

[0093] Figure 6B - Example of step - by - step description - Concentration of membrane - based CST reagent in a combined solution and UCST liquid system refrigeration cycle using separation of multi - liquid - phase mixture permeate, mixing of UCST solvent reagent in the permeate before the "low - solubility reagent" in the permeate in the permeate 1) Concentration of one or more CST reagents and potential heat - releasing phase change using one or more membrane - based processes: L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-2) to one or more membrane - based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF") can be formed. By this nanofiltration, L-2 can contain one or more concentrated streams (L-3, which can contain L-4 after pressure recovery) containing a solution with one or more CST reagents at a higher concentration, for example, compared to L-2, and one or more permeate streams (LL-2) that can contain a multi - liquid - phase mixture of a UCST solvent with one or more CST reagents at a lower concentration, for example, compared to "low - solubility reagent" and L-2, or a multi - liquid - phase mixture of a UCST solvent that does not contain one or more CST reagents and the "low - solubility reagent". The permeate stream can contain a UCST solvent and the "low - solubility reagent" in the substantial absence of one or more CST reagents or in the presence of one or more CST reagents at a low concentration, whereby, for example, due to the relatively low solubility of the "low - solubility reagent" in the UCST solvent alone, a phase transition to two or more liquid phases of the permeate can be brought about. The phase transition to two or more liquid phases in the permeate stream can be, for example, exothermic. The ​​​​​​​​​​Phase transitions require one or more applications that require one or more heatings Cations, or heat sinks, or evaporative cooling, or heat exchange with combinations thereof (HE-1) can occur before, during, or after heat exchange, or combinations thereof, in one or more heat exchangers (Heat Exchanger 1). The heat exchanger can be a membrane-based process Or one or more permeate streams exiting the membrane-based process, or combinations thereof Can exchange heat directly or indirectly. L-3 can go through one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or LL-2 can go through one or more pressure and / or other Energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. LL- 2 can be transferred to step "2)". L-3 can be labeled L-4 in step "3)". 2) Separation of multi-liquid phase permeates: LL-2 can contain a multi-liquid phase mixture. LL-2 can be separated into at least a portion of the constituent liquid phases of the multi-liquid phase mixture. The constituent liquid phases of the multi-liquid phase mixture can include, for example, A liquid phase mainly containing one or more "low solubility reagents" (L-7), and can include, for example, Another liquid phase mainly containing one or more UCST solvent reagents (L-5). 3) Mixing of the "UCST solvent" with a concentrate rich in CST reagent: L-5 can be mixed (Mixing 1) with a concentrate (L-4) rich in CST reagent, which can dissolve and form a lower concentration CST reagent solution (L-6). The dissolution can be exothermic and, if present, the heat released can be heat exchanged, for example, with HE-1. 4) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: L-6 can be mixed with L-7. This mixing can result in a phase transition that can be an endothermic phase transition, which can include dissolution and a combination of single liquid phases may include the formation of the resulting solution (L-1). The mixing may involve heat exchange with one or more cooling applications cations, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof (HE-2) before, during, or after heat exchange, or combinations thereof, in one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2). The liquid system may absorb heat during the phase transition Step "4)" may occur at a temperature similar to or lower than that of step "1)" or step "3)" or both, if desired.

[0094] Figure 6C - Example of step - by - step description - Concentration of membrane - based CST reagent in a combined solution and separation of multi - liquid - phase mixture permeate using a UCST liquid system refrigeration cycle, mixing of low - solubility reagent in the permeate before the "low - solubility reagent" in the permeate and the concentrate solution (which may be endothermic) 1) Concentration of one or more CST reagents and potential exothermic (potentially heat - releasing) phase change using one or more membrane - based processes: L - 1 may be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or combinations thereof (P - 1), thereby forming a pressurized feed solution ( L - 2) to one or more membrane - based processes (e.g., nanofiltration "NF"). By this nanofiltration, L - 2 may contain one or more concentrated streams (present as L - 3 and may contain L - 4 after pressure recovery) having a higher concentration of one or more CST reagents compared to, for example, L - 2, and a multi - liquid - phase mixture of a UCST solvent having one or more CST reagents at a lower concentration compared to, for example, the "low - solubility reagent" and L - 2 or a multi - liquid - phase mixture of the "low - solubility reagent" and a UCST solvent containing no one or more CST reagents It can be separated into one or more permeate streams (LL-2) that may contain the mixture. The permeate stream is in the substantial absence of one or more CST reagents or in the presence of one or more CST reagents at low concentration and may contain a UCST solvent and a "low solubility reagent", whereby, for example, the relatively low solubility of the "low solubility reagent" in the UCST solvent alone results in a phase transition of the permeate into two or more liquid phases. The phase transition of the permeate into two or more liquid phases can be, for example, exothermic and can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE-1) with one or more applications that require heating, or a heat sink, or evaporative cooling, or a combination thereof, in one or more heat exchangers (Heat Exchanger 1). The heat exchanger can exchange heat directly or indirectly with a membrane-based process, or one or more permeate streams exiting the membrane-based process, or a combination thereof. L-3 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps or LL-2 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps or a combination thereof. LL-2 can be transferred to step "2)". L-3 can be labeled as L-4 in step "3)". 2) Separation of the multi-liquid phase permeate: LL-2 can contain a multi-liquid phase mixture. LL-2 can be separated into at least a portion of the constituent liquid phases of the multi-liquid phase mixture. The constituent liquid phases of the multi-liquid phase mixture can include, for example, a liquid phase mainly containing one or more "low solubility reagents" (L-5) and, for example, another liquid phase mainly containing one or more UCST solvent reagents (L-7). L-7 can be labeled as L-8 and transferred to step "4)". or a combination thereof. LL-2 can be transferred to step "2)". L-3 can be labeled as L-4 in step "3)". 2) Separation of the multi-liquid phase permeate: LL-2 can contain a multi-liquid phase mixture. LL-2 can be separated into at least a portion of the constituent liquid phases of the multi-liquid phase mixture. The constituent liquid phases of the multi-liquid phase mixture can include, for example, a liquid phase mainly containing one or more "low solubility reagents" (L-5) and, for example, another liquid phase mainly containing one or more UCST solvent reagents (L-7). L-7 can be labeled as L-8 and transferred to step "4)". For example, it can include a liquid phase mainly containing one or more "low solubility reagents" (L-5), and for example, it can include another liquid phase mainly containing one or more UCST solvent reagents (L-7). L-7 can be labeled as L-8 and transferred to step "4)". and transferred to step "4)". 3) Heat-absorbing UCST phase change: L-4, which may contain a UCST solvent having a higher concentration of one or more CST reagents compared to L-2, can be mixed with L-5, which may contain a liquid phase mainly composed of one or more "low-solubility reagents". This mixing can bring about a phase transition that may be an endothermic phase transition, which may include dissolution and may result in the formation of a combined solution (L-6) of a single liquid phase. This mixing can occur before, during, or after heat exchange (HE-2) in one or more heat exchangers (Heat Exchanger 2) that can exchange heat with one or more applications that require one or more coolings, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof. The liquid system can absorb heat during the phase transition. Step "3)" can occur at a temperature similar to or lower than that of step "1)", if desired. 4) Mixing of a "UCST solvent" permeate phase, a "low-solubility reagent" permeate phase, and a pre-mixed solution: L-8 can be mixed with L-6 ("Mixing 1"), which can bring about dissolution and can result in the formation of a combined single liquid phase solution (L-1) that may contain the constituent reagents of the terminal liquid system. This dissolution can be exothermic dissolution or heat-releasing dissolution. Note: One or more reagents can be stored, for example, in a buffer reservoir. If desired, fresh flow or constituent flow or new input can be used. Figure 7: Overview of the advantages of the example in Figure 7: Figure 7 - Example of a step-by-step explanation - UCST liquid system refrigeration cycle using membrane-based concentration of reagents that raise UCST 1) Concentration and

[0095]

[0096] Potentially heat-releasing (potentially exothermic) phase change: L-1 can be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy -recovery devices or combinations thereof (P-1), whereby a pressurized feed solution (L-2) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., reverse osmosis "RO" or low molecular weight cut-off nanofiltration "low MWCO NF") can be formed. By the membrane-based process, L-2 can be separated into one or more concentrated streams (LL-1, which may contain LL-2 after pressure recovery) containing a UCST solvent having one or more reagents that raise the UCST to a higher concentration compared to, for example, a "low solubility reagent" and L-2 and one or more permeate streams (L-3 and L-4) that may contain a single liquid phase solution having one or more reagents that raise the UCST to a lower concentration compared to, for example, L-2. The concentrated stream may contain a UCST solvent and a "low solubility reagent" having one or more reagents that raise the UCST, whereby, for example, due to the increase in the UCST temperature with increasing concentration of the reagent that raises the UCST, a permeate phase transition to two or more liquid phases can be brought about. The phase transition to two or more liquid phases in the concentrated stream can be, for example, exothermic . The phase transition can occur before, during, or after heat exchange in one or more heat exchangers (Heat Exchanger 1) that can heat exchange (HE-1) with one or more applications that require one or more applications that require heating, or a heat sink, or evaporative cooling, or combinations thereof. The heat exchanger can heat exchange directly or indirectly with the membrane-based process, or one or more permeate streams exiting the membrane-based process, or combinations thereof. L-3 can be at one or more pressures and / or before, during, or after heat exchange in one or more heat exchangers (Heat Exchanger 1) that can heat exchange (HE-1) with one or more applications that require one or more applications that require heating, or a heat sink, or evaporative cooling, or combinations thereof. The heat exchanger can heat exchange directly or indirectly with the membrane-based process, or one or more permeate streams exiting the membrane-based process, or combinations thereof. L-3 can be at one or more pressures and / or ​​​ It may pass through other energy recovery steps, or LL-2 may pass through one or more pressure and / or or other energy recovery steps, or combinations thereof. LL-2 may be transferred to step "2)". L-3 may be labeled with L-4 in step "2)". 2) Mixing of the permeate and the concentrated stream (potentially heat absorption) dissolution phase change: LL-2 may be mixed with L-4. This mixing may result in a phase transition that may be an endothermic phase transition, which may include dissolution and may include the formation of a combined solution (L-1) of a single liquid phase. This mixing may be in heat exchange (HE-2) with one or more heat exchangers (heat exchanger 2) that require one or more cooling, or heat removal, or an enthalpy source, or combinations thereof, before, during, or after heat exchange in the heat exchanger 2), or combinations thereof. The liquid system may absorb heat during the phase transition. Step "2)" may occur at the same or a lower temperature than step "1)" if desired.

[0097] Note: The concentrated stream containing a multi-liquid phase mixture may be at least partially separated into its constituent liquid phases. One or more of the constituent liquid phases of the concentrated stream may be mixed with the permeate stream before, after, or simultaneously with, or combinations thereof, with one or more other constituent liquid phases of the concentrated stream.

[0098] Note: This embodiment may involve an LCST phase change and the use of a reagent that lowers the LCST, in which case the exothermic and endothermic steps in the UCST system may be reversed in the LCST system, and a reagent that raises the UCST may be replaced by a reagent that lowers the LCST. ​

[0099] Figure 8: Summary of the advantages of the example of FIG. 8: Summary description: FIG. 8 shows an example of a refrigeration cycle that can form a concentrated stream and a permeate stream from a multi-liquid phase mixture using a membrane-based process and promote endothermic dissolution during the membrane-based process in a holding liquid solution. This embodiment can reduce or eliminate the need for multi-liquid phase separation devices preceding the membrane-based concentration step. This embodiment can also enable in-situ heat absorption phase transitions during membrane-based concentration. during the membrane-based process in a holding liquid solution. This embodiment can reduce or eliminate the need for multi-liquid phase separation devices preceding the membrane-based concentration step. This embodiment can also enable in-situ heat absorption phase transitions during membrane-based concentration. This embodiment can reduce or eliminate the need for multi-liquid phase separation devices preceding the membrane-based concentration step. This embodiment can also enable in-situ heat absorption phase transitions during membrane-based concentration. heat absorption phase transitions during membrane-based concentration. heat absorption phase transitions during membrane-based concentration.

[0100] Figure 9: Summary of the advantages of the example of FIG. 9: A larger temperature difference between the endothermic stage and the exothermic stage is possible, so, for example, a high-efficiency liquid phase change refrigeration cycle can be operated with higher temperature difference requirements, which can enable a wider range of applications that may require a larger temperature difference between the heating side and the cooling side of a refrigeration or heat pump system, for example. so, for example, a high-efficiency liquid phase change refrigeration cycle can be operated with higher temperature difference requirements, which can enable a wider range of applications that may require a larger temperature difference between the heating side and the cooling side of a refrigeration or heat pump system, for example. so, for example, a high-efficiency liquid phase change refrigeration cycle can be operated with higher temperature difference requirements, which can enable a wider range of applications that may require a larger temperature difference between the heating side and the cooling side of a refrigeration or heat pump system, for example. so, for example, a high-efficiency liquid phase change refrigeration cycle can be operated with higher temperature difference requirements, which can enable a wider range of applications that may require a larger temperature difference between the heating side and the cooling side of a refrigeration or heat pump system, for example.

[0101] Summary description: One or more refrigeration cycles can be interconnected with one or more other refrigeration cycles. For example, the heat rejection side of a refrigeration cycle can be interconnected with one or more heat absorption sides of another refrigeration cycle. Different refrigeration cycles, for example, refrigeration cycles having different operating principles or the same operating principle or both, can be interconnected. A refrigeration cycle can also refer to a heat pump cycle. For example, the heat rejection side of a refrigeration cycle can be interconnected with one or more heat absorption sides of another refrigeration cycle. Different refrigeration cycles, for example, refrigeration cycles having different operating principles or the same operating principle or both, can be interconnected. A refrigeration cycle can also refer to a heat pump cycle. For example, the heat rejection side of a refrigeration cycle can be interconnected with one or more heat absorption sides of another refrigeration cycle. Different refrigeration cycles, for example, refrigeration cycles having different operating principles or the same operating principle or both, can be interconnected. A refrigeration cycle can also refer to a heat pump cycle. For example, the heat rejection side of a refrigeration cycle can be interconnected with one or more heat absorption sides of another refrigeration cycle. Different refrigeration cycles, for example, refrigeration cycles having different operating principles or the same operating principle or both, can be interconnected. A refrigeration cycle can also refer to a heat pump cycle. For example, the heat rejection side of a refrigeration cycle can be interconnected with one or more heat absorption sides of another refrigeration cycle. Different refrigeration cycles, for example, refrigeration cycles having different operating principles or the same operating principle or both, can be interconnected. A refrigeration cycle can also refer to a heat pump cycle.

[0102] Figure 10: Summary of the advantages of the example of FIG. 10: FIG. 10 - Example of step-by-step description - UCST volatile gas absorption refrigeration cycle with cold heat input and UCST phase change refrigeration cycle 1) Evaporation (heat absorption) of a part of the liquid phase substantially containing a "low solubility reagent": The "low solubility reagent" One or more volatile liquids (L-3), which may substantially contain (but may also contain other residual reagents), enter one or more evaporators (the "evaporators"), whereby the pressure can decrease and / or the evaporation of at least a part of the liquid into the gas phase (G-1) can be promoted. The evaporation can be endothermic and can undergo heat exchange (HE-1) with one or more applications that require cooling, or a heat source, or an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof (is "cooled by HE-1"). For example, due to the presence of non-volatile and / or low-volatility residual reagents, for example, a stream containing residual U CST solvent and / or CST reagent may exit the evaporator as a liquid or solid or a combination thereof (L-4, note: in this figure, L-4 may contain liquid). There are also cases. 2) Compression: G-1, which may substantially contain gaseous "low-solubility reagent", can enter one or more compressors whereby G-1 is compressed to form, for example, pressurized G-1 (G-2). 3) Absorption of "low-solubility reagent" (heat release): G-2 can be absorbed by stream L-2 or stream L-4 or a combination thereof, whereby a combined solution (L-1) can be obtained. The absorption can be exothermic and can undergo heat exchange (HE-2) with one or more applications that require heating, or a cold heat source, or a heat sink, or evaporative cooling, or an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof (is "heated by HE-2"). 4) Cooling to below UCST to form a multi-phase liquid mixture: L-1 can be cooled to its UCST or below its UCST, whereby the formation of a multi-phase liquid mixture (LL-1) can be obtained. The cooling can be heat exchange (HE-3) with only a part of HE-1, or evaporative cooling ​​​​​ Cooling from a heat source, or a non-parasitic cooling source, or air cooling, or a combination thereof (referred to as "minor cooling") may be included. It is important to note that the cooling requirements for "minor cooling" may be lower or significantly lower than the heat absorbed or the cooling generated within the "evaporator". It may be possible. 5) Separation of the multi-liquid phase mixture into constituent reagents: LL-1 may include a mixture of a constituent liquid phase substantially containing a UCST solvent and a CST reagent and a constituent liquid phase substantially containing a "low solubility reagent". The constituent liquid phases may be at least partially separated, thereby forming a stream substantially containing the UCST solvent and the CST reagent (L-2) and a stream substantially containing the "low solubility reagent" (L-3). It may be possible.

[0103] Note: Examples of reagents may include, but are not limited to, one or more or a combination of the following. · UCST solvent reagent (e.g., water) · CST reagent (e.g., PPG, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME), PEG, or a combination thereof) · Low solubility reagent or refrigerant (a volatile liquid having low solubility in water but miscible solubility in the CST reagent may be included, e.g., ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methyl formate, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, carbon dioxide, or a combination thereof)

[0104] Note: This embodiment may use active cloud point adjustment. For example, one or more embodiments described herein for active cloud point adjustment may be used.

[0105] Figure 11: Summary of the advantages of the example of Figure 11​​​​​​​​​​​ Figure 11 - Example of step - by - step explanation - UCST volatile gas absorption with addition of permeate and UCST phase change Refrigeration cycle 1) Evaporation (heat absorption) of a part of the liquid phase substantially containing the "low - solubility reagent": A volatile liquid (L - 3) that may substantially contain the "low - solubility reagent" (but may also contain other residual reagents) can enter one or more evaporators ("evaporators"), whereby the pressure can decrease and / or the evaporation of at least a part of the liquid into the gas phase (G - 1) can be promoted. The evaporation can be endothermic and can be heat - exchanged (HE - 1) with one or more applications that require cooling, or a heat source, or an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof ( "cooled by HE - 1"). For example, due to the presence of non - volatile and / or low - volatility residual reagents, for example, a stream containing residual UCST solvent and / or CST reagent can exit the evaporator as a liquid or a solid or a combination thereof (L - 4, note: in this figure, L - 4 can contain liquid) in some cases. 2) Compression: G - 1, which may substantially contain the gaseous "low - solubility reagent", can enter one or more compressors, whereby G - 1 is compressed to form, for example, pressurized G - 1 (G - 2). 3) Absorption (heat release) of the "low - solubility reagent": G - 2 can be absorbed by stream L - 6 or stream L - 4 or a combination thereof, whereby a combined solution (L - 1) can be obtained. The absorption can be exothermic and can be heat - exchanged (HE - 2) with one or more applications that require heating, or a cold heat source, or a heat sink, or evaporative cooling, or an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof ( "heated by HE - 2"). ​​​​​​​​​​​4) Phase transition (heat release) induced by reagent addition: May substantially contain a UCST solvent A permeate or permeate equivalent (L-8) may be added to L-1, thereby causing a phase transition and forming a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). The phase transition may be exothermic and may be heat exchanged (HE-3) with one or more applications that require heating, or a heat sink, or evaporative cooling, or a combination thereof (``heated by HE-3''). 5) Separation of the multi-liquid phase mixture into its constituent reagents: LL-1 may include a mixture of a constituent liquid phase substantially containing a UCST solvent and a CST reagent and a constituent liquid phase substantially containing a ``low solubility reagent'' . The constituent liquid phases may be at least partially separated, thereby forming a stream substantially containing a UCST solvent and a CST reagent (L-2) and a stream substantially containing a ``low solubility reagent'' (L-3). L-3 may be transferred to step ``1)''. L-2 may be transferred to step ``6) ''. 6) Concentration of one or more CST reagents and recovery of the added permeate using one or more membrane-based processes: L-2 may be pressurized using one or more pumps or energy recovery devices or a combination thereof (P-1), thereby forming a pressurized feed solution (L-5) to one or more membrane-based processes (e.g., nanofiltration ``NF''). By the nanofiltration, L-5 may be separated into one or more concentrated streams (L-6) that may contain a UCST solvent having one or more CST reagents at a higher concentration, for example, compared to L-2, and one or more permeate streams that may contain a UCST solvent having one or more CST reagents at a lower concentration, for example, compared to L-2, or a UCST solvent that may not contain one or more CST reagents. (L-7) can be separated therefrom. L-6 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or L-7 can undergo one or more pressure and / or other energy recovery steps, or a combination thereof. L-7 can be transferred to one or more "permeate reservoirs" containers and / or step "1)". L-6 can be transferred to step "1)".

[0106] Note: This embodiment can additionally or alternatively be used as a heat or cold transfer system.

[0107] Figure 12: Summary of the advantages of the example of Figure 12: Figure 12 - Example of a step-by-step description - LCST volatile gas absorption refrigeration cycle with heat input LCST phase change 1) Evaporation of a part of the liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant (heat absorption): L-3, which can substantially contain the refrigerant and the LCST reagent, can enter one or more evaporators ("evaporators"), whereby the pressure can be lowered and / or the evaporation of at least a part of the refrigerant into the gas phase (G-1) can be promoted. The evaporation can be endothermic and can exchange heat (HE-1) with one or more cooling required applications, or heat sources, or enthalpy sources, or combinations thereof ( "cooled by HE-1"). During or after evaporation, the remaining solution (L-4), which can contain the LCST reagent and the residual refrigerant, can be transferred to the absorber stage, or mixed with L-2, or transferred to step "3)", or a combination thereof. 2) Compression: G-1, which can substantially contain the gaseous refrigerant, can enter one or more compressors, whereby Thus, G-1 can be compressed, for example, to form pressurized G-1 (G-2). 3) Absorption of refrigerant (heat release): G-2 can be absorbed by stream L-2 or stream L-4 or a combination thereof, thereby resulting in a combined solution (L-1). This absorption can be exothermic and can be heat exchanged ( "heated by HE-2") with one or more applications requiring heating, or a cold heat source, or a heat sink, or evaporative cooling, or an enthalpy source, or a combination thereof. 4) Heating above the LCST to form a multi-liquid phase mixture: (heat absorption): L-1 can be heated to or above its LCST, thereby resulting in the formation of a multi-liquid phase mixture (LL-1). This heat exchange can include heat exchange (HE-3) with one or more warm heat sources, one or more applications requiring cooling, or waste heat, or compressor waste heat, or a non-parasitic heat source, or other heat sources, or a combination thereof ( "minor heating"). 5) Separation of the multi-liquid phase mixture into its constituent reagents: LL-1 can include a mixture of a constituent liquid phase substantially containing the LCST solvent reagent and a constituent liquid phase substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent. The constituent liquid phases can be at least partially separated, thereby forming a stream substantially containing the LCST reagent (L-2) and a stream substantially containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent (L-3). Note: The refrigerant can include the LCST binding reagent.

[0108] Exemplary embodiments

[0109] Exemplary embodiment 1 [UCST] · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) A heat absorption step in which two or more liquid phases are mixed endothermically and dissolved, and 2) a heat release step in which a single liquid phase or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes undergo an exothermic phase transition into two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes, wherein the phase transition temperature of step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature of step "2)", and further comprising adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more liquid phases between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2)", during step "1)" or step "2)", after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) A heat absorption step in which two or more liquid phases are mixed endothermically and dissolved, and 2) a heat release step in which a single liquid phase or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes undergo an exothermic phase transition into two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes, wherein the phase transition temperature of step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature of step "2)", and further comprising adjusting the concentration, composition or pressure of one or more liquid phases between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2)", during step "1)" or step "2)", after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) A heat absorption step in which two or more liquid phases are mixed endothermically and dissolved, and 2) a heat release step in which a single liquid phase or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes undergo an exothermic phase transition into two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes, wherein the phase transition temperature of step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature of step "2)", and further comprising adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more liquid phases between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2)", during step "1)" or step "2)", after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) A heat absorption step in which two or more liquid phases are mixed endothermically and dissolved, and 2) a heat release step in which a single liquid phase or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes undergo an exothermic phase transition into two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes, wherein the phase transition temperature of step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature of step "2)", and further comprising adjusting the concentration, composition or pressure of one or more liquid phases between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2)", during step "1)" or step "2)", after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, a heat release step in which a liquid phase having a certain composition or volume undergoes an exothermic phase transition, such that the phase transition temperature in step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature in step "2)", between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2)", during step "1)" or step "2)", or after step "1)" or step "2)", further including adjusting the phase transition temperature by a combination thereof, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) a heat absorption step in which two or more liquid phases are mixed endothermically and / or dissolve, and 2) a heat release step in which a single liquid phase and / or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes form two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes exothermically, including, such that the phase transition temperature in step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature in step "2)", between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2)", during step "1)" or step "2)", or after step "1)" or step "2)", further including adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more liquid phases by a combination thereof, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) a heat absorption step in which two or more liquid phases are mixed endothermically and dissolve, and 2) a heat release step in which a single liquid phase and / or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes form two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes exothermically, including, such that the phase transition temperature in step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature in step "2)", Between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2) ", during step "1)" or step "2)", or after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof, further including adjusting the phase transition temperature, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle.

[0110] Exemplary Embodiment 2 [LCST] · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) A heat release step in which two or more liquid phases are exothermically mixed and dissolved, and 2) A heat absorption step in which a single liquid phase or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes endothermically phase transition into two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes, including, so that the phase transition temperature of step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature of step "2)", between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2) ", during step "1)" or step "2)", or after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof, further including adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more liquid phases, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) A heat release step in which two or more liquid phases are exothermically mixed and dissolved, and 2) A heat absorption step in which a single liquid phase or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes endothermically phase transition into two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes, including, so that the phase transition temperature of step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature of step "2)", between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2) ", during step "1)" or step "2)", or after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof, Before, during step "1)" or step "2)", or after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof, further comprising adjusting the concentration or composition or pressure of one or more liquid phases, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) A heat release step in which two or more liquid phases are exothermically mixed and dissolved, and 2) a single liquid phase or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes are endothermically formed from two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes, comprising, such that the phase transition temperature of step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature of step "2)", between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2) ", during step "1)" or step "2)", or after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof, further comprising adjusting the phase transition temperature, a refrigeration or heat pump cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle, 1) A heat release step in which two or more liquid phases are exothermically mixed and dissolved, and 2) a single liquid phase and / or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes are endothermically phase-transitioned into two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes, comprising , such that the phase transition temperature of one or more liquid solutions in step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature of one or more solutions in step "2)", between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2) ", during step "1)" or step "2)", or after step "1)" or step "2) ", or a combination thereof A refrigeration or heat pump further comprising adjusting the concentration or composition of one or more liquid phases therein. cycle. · A refrigeration or heat pump cycle comprising: 1) A heat release step in which two or more liquid phases are exothermically mixed and dissolved; and 2) An endothermic phase transition step in which a single liquid phase and / or a plurality of liquid phases having different compositions or volumes are endothermically phase-transitioned into two or more liquid phases and / or liquid phases having different compositions or volumes. Including, wherein the phase transition temperature of step "1)" is different from the phase transition temperature of step "2)", and further comprising adjusting the phase transition temperature between step "1)" and step "2)", before step "1)" or step "2)", during step "1)" or step "2)", after step "1)" or step "2)", or a combination thereof. A refrigeration or heat pump cycle. ", or a combination thereof. A refrigeration or heat pump cycle.

[0111] Exemplary sub-embodiments: · The multi-liquid phase mixture can be at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. · The adjustment of the phase transition temperature includes adjusting the composition, concentration, or a combination thereof, of one or more liquid phases separated from the multi-liquid phase mixture. · The adjustment of the phase transition temperature includes adjusting the composition, concentration, or a combination thereof, of one or more reagents in one or more separated liquid phases separated from the multi-liquid phase mixture. · The adjustment of the phase transition temperature includes adjusting the composition, concentration, or a combination thereof, of one or more reagents in the combined solution. · Due to the adjustment of the phase transition temperature, the heat release step occurs at least partially at a different temperature from the heat absorption step. · By said adjustment of the phase transition temperature, said heat release occurs at least at a temperature higher than said heat absorption partially. · Said adjustment of the phase transition temperature is reversible. · Said adjustment of the concentration or composition of one or more liquid phases is reversed within the cycle. · Said cycle is continuous, semi - continuous, batch, or a combination thereof. · Said adjustment of the phase transition temperature includes the addition of one or more reagents. · Said adjustment of the phase transition temperature includes increasing the concentration of one or more reagents using one or more membrane - based processes thereof. · Said adjustment of the phase transition temperature includes decreasing or diluting the concentration of one or more reagents using the addition of permeates and / or permeate equivalents thereof. · Said adjustment of the phase transition temperature includes the addition of one or more reagents. · Said one or more reagents are regenerated within the cycle. · Said adjustment of the concentration or composition of one or more liquid phases can be performed using one or more membrane - based processes thereof. · Said one or more membrane - based processes include one or more or a combination of reverse osmosis, or nanofiltration, or ultrafiltration, or an osmotic pressure - assisted membrane - based process, or forward osmosis. · Said phase transition includes UCST, LCST, or both, or a combination thereof. · The process according to claim 1, wherein there are two or more of one or more of the heat absorption step, the heat release step, or the cloud point adjustment step, or a combination thereof. · or a combination thereof. · The process according to claim 1, wherein there are two or more of one or more of the heat absorption step, the heat release step, or the cloud point adjustment step, or a combination thereof. · The process according to claim 1, wherein there are two or more of one or more of the heat absorption step, the heat release step, or the cloud point adjustment step, or a combination thereof.

[0112] Exemplary Embodiment 3 [UCST Absorption Refrigeration Cycle]: · An absorption refrigeration cycle, an absorption solution containing water and one or more CST reagents, In the absorption solution, exhibiting substantial solubility or miscibility solubility above one or more temperatures, and containing a refrigerant exhibiting limited solubility or immiscibility solubility below one or more of said temperatures, an absorption refrigeration cycle in which a solution containing said absorption solution and the refrigerant exhibits one or more upper critical solution temperatures. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution, in the absorption solution, exhibiting substantial solubility or miscibility solubility above one or more temperatures, and containing a refrigerant exhibiting limited solubility or immiscibility solubility below one or more of said temperatures, an absorption refrigeration cycle in which a solution containing said absorption solution and the refrigerant exhibits one or more upper critical solution temperatures. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution, and containing a refrigerant that exhibits one or more UCSTs in a solution containing the refrigerant and the absorption solution. an absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution, an absorption refrigeration cycle comprising a refrigerant that exhibits one or more UCSTs in a solution containing the refrigerant and the absorption solution. an absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing a UCST solvent and one or more CST reagents, in the absorption solution, exhibiting substantial solubility or miscibility solubility above one or more temperatures, and containing a refrigerant exhibiting limited solubility or immiscibility solubility below one or more of said temperatures, an absorption refrigeration cycle in which a solution containing said absorption solution and the refrigerant exhibits one or more upper critical solution temperatures. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing a UCST solvent and one or more CST reagents, · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing a UCST solvent and one or more CST reagents, an absorption refrigeration cycle comprising a refrigerant that exhibits UCST solubility in the absorption solution. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing a UCST solvent and one or more CST reagents, An absorption refrigeration cycle comprising a refrigerant that exhibits UCST solubility in a solution dissolved in or dissolved in the absorption solution. · An absorption refrigeration cycle comprising an absorption solution containing a solvent and one or more CST reagents and a refrigerant that exhibits UCST solubility in the absorption solution. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, an absorption solution containing a solvent and one or more CST reagents, · An absorption refrigeration cycle comprising a refrigerant that exhibits UCST solubility in the absorption solution.

[0113] Exemplary sub - embodiments: · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution - refrigerant solution. The UCST of the absorption solution - refrigerant solution is adjusted so that the absorption solution - refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition into a multi - liquid phase mixture. The multi - liquid phase mixture contains at least one liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant. The multi - liquid phase mixture contains at least one liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. The multi - liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. The UCST adjustment occurs by addition of a solvent. The solvent is regenerated from the liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution by separating at least a part of the solvent using one or more membrane - based processes. · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution - refrigerant solution. · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution - refrigerant solution. The UCST of the absorption solution - refrigerant solution is adjusted so that the absorption solution - refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition into a multi - liquid phase mixture. The UCST of the absorption solution - refrigerant solution is adjusted so that the absorption solution - refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition into a multi - liquid phase mixture. The phase transition into the multi - liquid phase mixture may also include the heat release step. The multi - liquid phase mixture contains at least one liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant. The multi - liquid phase mixture contains at least one liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. The multi - liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. When the UCST adjustment occurs by the addition of a solvent. At least a part of the solvent is separated using one or more membrane-based processes, and the solvent is regenerated from the liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution-refrigerant solution. The absorption solution-refrigerant solution is cooled, or its composition is adjusted, or a combination thereof, so that the absorption solution-refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture. The phase transition to the multi-liquid phase mixture may also include the heat release step. The multi-liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant. The multi-liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. The multi-liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. When the UCST adjustment occurs by the addition of a solvent. At least a part of the solvent is separated using one or more membrane-based processes, and the solvent is regenerated from the liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution-refrigerant solution. The absorption solution-refrigerant solution is cooled, or a combination thereof, so that the absorption solution-refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture. The phase transition to the multi-liquid phase mixture may also include the heat release step. The multi-liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant. The multi-liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. The multi-liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption A solution-refrigerant solution is formed. · The UCST of the absorption solution-refrigerant solution is adjusted such that the absorption solution-refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture. · The phase transition to the multi-liquid phase mixture may also include a heat release step. · The multi-liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant. · The multi-liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. · The multi-liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. · The UCST adjustment occurs by addition of a solvent. · The solvent is regenerated from the liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution by separating at least a part of the solvent using one or more membrane-based processes. · The refrigerant liquid phase is regenerated by adjusting the concentration, composition, or a combination thereof of the absorption solution-refrigerant solution such that the UCST increases and the absorption solution-refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition to two or more liquid phases. At least one of the liquid phases mainly contains the refrigerant. At least one of the liquid phases mainly contains the absorption solution. · The refrigerant liquid phase is regenerated by adding water or "solvent" to the absorption solution-refrigerant such that the UCST increases and the liquid system undergoes a phase transition to two or more liquid phases. At least one of the liquid phases mainly contains the refrigerant. · The two or more liquid phases are at least partially separated. · The water or "solvent" is regenerated from at least one of the liquid stream or liquid phase or separated liquid phases using one or more membrane-based processes. · The liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant may contain other residual reagents. · The liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant may contain residual absorption solution. · The liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant may contain the residual absorption solution reagent. It further includes returning the residual reagent to the absorption stage before, during, or after the evaporation of the refrigerant. Including. · The liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution may contain other residual reagents. · The liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution may contain the residual refrigerant. · The liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution may contain the residual refrigerant reagent. · The absorption solution liquid phase may contain a UCST solvent, a CST reagent, a highly soluble reagent, a low solubility reagent, a residual low solubility reagent containing the refrigerant, a residual refrigerant, a reagent for raising the UCST, or one or more or a combination of these combinations. Including. Combinations. · The refrigerant liquid phase may contain a refrigerant, a low solubility reagent, a low solubility reagent that may contain the refrigerant, a residual highly soluble reagent, a residual UCST solvent, a residual CST reagent, a reagent for raising the residual UCST, or one or more or a combination of these combinations. Combinations. · The absorption solution may contain one or more or a combination of water, ammonia, amine, salt, organic solvent, polar organic solvent, reagent having a temperature-sensitive solubility, reagent having a temperature-sensitive osmotic pressure, reagent having an LCST in water, reagent having a UCST in water, CST reagent, organic compound, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Including. · The refrigerant may contain one or more or a combination of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, alcohol, ester, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl formate, aldehyde, ether, diol, ketone, hydrocarbon, cyclic hydrocarbon, polar hydrocarbon, non-polar hydrocarbon, inorganic compound, inorganic reagent. Combinations. Including. · The refrigerant may contain one or more or a combination of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, alcohol, ester, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl formate, aldehyde, ether, diol, ketone, hydrocarbon, cyclic hydrocarbon, polar hydrocarbon, non-polar hydrocarbon, inorganic compound, inorganic reagent. Including. Combinations. Including.

[0114] Exemplary Embodiment 3 [LCST Absorption Refrigeration Cycle]: · An absorption refrigeration cycle, an absorption solution containing an LCST reagent, a refrigerant liquid phase containing an LCST solvent reagent, and a solution containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent exhibits one or more LCSTs, the absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, an absorption solution containing an LCST reagent, or an LCST binder reagent, or a combination thereof, a refrigerant liquid phase containing an LCST solvent reagent, and a solution containing a refrigerant, an LCST reagent, and an LCST binder reagent exhibits one or more LCSTs, the absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, an absorption solution containing one or more CST reagents, a refrigerant liquid phase containing water, ammonia, or a combination thereof, and a solution containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent exhibits one or more LCSTs, the absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, an absorption solution containing one or more CST reagents and one or more non-volatile binder reagents, a refrigerant liquid phase containing water, ammonia, or a combination thereof, and a solution containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent exhibits one or more LCSTs, the absorption refrigeration cycle. · Exemplary sub-embodiments:

[0115] In an example, the refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution - refrigerant solution. The absorption solution - refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture. The multi-liquid phase mixture contains at least one liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant. The multi-liquid phase mixture contains at least one liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. The multi-liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. ​ · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution - refrigerant solution. The absorption solution - refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition to a multi - liquid phase mixture. The multi - liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant. The multi - liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. The multi - liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. The liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant is used in the stage of evaporating the refrigerant. The liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution is used in the absorption stage. The residual reagent after the evaporator stage can be used in the absorption stage. · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution - refrigerant solution. · The absorption solution - refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition to a multi - liquid phase mixture. · The multi - liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant. · The multi - liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution. · The multi - liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. · The liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant is used in the stage of evaporating the refrigerant. · The liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution is used in the absorption stage. · The residual reagent after the evaporator can be used in the absorption stage.

[0116] Exemplary Embodiment 4 [LCST Absorption Refrigeration Cycle]: · An absorption refrigeration cycle, including an absorption solution containing water, including a refrigerant liquid phase containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent, wherein the refrigerant liquid phase exhibits one or more LCSTs in a solution containing the refrigerant, the LCST reagent, and water. An absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing water, a refrigerant liquid phase containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent, wherein the refrigerant liquid phase exhibits one or more LCSTs in a solution containing a refrigerant, a CST reagent, and water, exhibits, and the refrigerant contains an LCST binding agent reagent, the absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing an LCST solvent reagent, a refrigerant liquid phase containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent, wherein the refrigerant liquid phase exhibits one or more LCSTs in a solution containing a refrigerant, a CST reagent, and water, exhibits, and the refrigerant exhibits one or more characteristics of an LCST binding agent reagent, the absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing water, a refrigerant liquid phase containing a refrigerant and a CST reagent, wherein the refrigerant liquid phase exhibits one or more cloud point temperatures in a solution containing a refrigerant, a CST reagent, and water, exhibits, the absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing a solvent, a refrigerant liquid phase containing a refrigerant and a CST reagent, wherein the refrigerant liquid phase exhibits one or more cloud point temperatures in a solution containing a refrigerant, a CST reagent, and a solvent, exhibits, the absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing water, a refrigerant liquid phase containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent, wherein the refrigerant liquid phase exhibits one or more LCSTs in a solution of the refrigerant liquid phase and the absorption solution, the absorption refrigeration cycle. · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing water, a refrigerant liquid phase containing a refrigerant and a CST reagent, wherein the refrigerant liquid phase exhibits one or more cloud point temperatures in a solution of the refrigerant liquid phase and the absorption solution, Absorption refrigeration cycle · An absorption refrigeration cycle, comprising an absorption solution containing a solvent, and a refrigerant liquid phase containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent, wherein the refrigerant liquid phase exhibits one or more LCSTs in a solution containing a refrigerant, a CST reagent, and water. Absorption refrigeration cycle

[0117] Exemplary sub - embodiments: · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution - refrigerant solution. The absorption solution - refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition into a multi - liquid phase mixture. The multi - liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent . The multi - liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing an LCST solvent reagent. The multi - liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. The liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent is used in the step of evaporating the refrigerant . The liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution is used in the absorption step. The residual reagent after the evaporator step can be used in the absorption step. · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution - refrigerant solution. The absorption solution - refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition into a multi - liquid phase mixture. The multi - liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing a refrigerant liquid phase. The multi - liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing an absorption solution. The multi - liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. The liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant liquid phase is used in the step of evaporating the refrigerant. The liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution is used in the absorption step. Whether the residual reagent after the evaporator stage can be used in the absorption stage, or can be mixed with the absorption solution or can be a combination thereof. · The refrigerant evaporates in the heat absorption step and is absorbed by the absorption solution in the heat release step to form an absorption solution-refrigerant solution. · The absorption solution-refrigerant solution undergoes a phase transition to a multi-liquid phase mixture. · The multi-liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing a refrigerant and an LCST reagent including. · The multi-liquid phase mixture includes at least one liquid phase mainly containing an LCST solvent reagent. · The multi-liquid phase mixture is at least partially separated into constituent liquid phases. · The liquid phase mainly containing the refrigerant and the LCST reagent is used in the stage of evaporating the refrigerant is used. · The liquid phase mainly containing the absorption solution is used in the absorption stage. · The residual reagent after the evaporator can be used in the absorption stage.

[0118] Exemplary Embodiment 5 [Active Cloud Point Adjustment UCST]: · A heating or cooling transfer fluid and system, releasing heat during a phase transition of a phase that releases heat to form two or more liquid phases from a single liquid phase and / or liquid phases having different volumes and / or compositions and / or concentrations, absorbing heat during a phase transition of a phase that absorbs heat of dissolution to form a single liquid phase solution and / or liquid phases having different volumes and / or compositions and / or concentrations, wherein the temperature of the phase transition or the temperature at which the phase transition occurs can be adjusted by changing the composition or concentration of one or more reagents, a heating or cooling transfer fluid and system. · A heating or cooling transfer fluid and system, · A heating or cooling transfer fluid and system, Absorbing heat during the phase transition of the phase that absorbs the heat of solution to form a single liquid-phase solution. Releasing heat during the phase transition of the phase that releases heat to form two or more liquid phases from a single liquid phase. Including: The temperature of the phase transition or the temperature at which the phase transition occurs can be adjusted by changing the composition or concentration of one or more reagents. A heating or cooling tr...

Claims

1. A liquid-phase refrigeration or heat pump cycle process using a liquid system, 1) absorbing heat by endothermically mixing two or more liquid phases during a phase transition; 2) exothermically releasing heat by converting a liquid phase into two or more liquid phases during a phase transition; 3) adjusting the phase transition temperature so that the phase transition temperature in step 1) is different from the phase transition temperature in step 2), and the adjusting includes changing the concentration of a reagent.

2. The liquid system includes (1) an absorption solution containing a critical solution temperature (CST) reagent and a UCST solvent, and (2) a reagent having a limited solubility in a UCST reagent that is substantially miscible with the absorption solution above the upper critical solution temperature and has a limited solubility with the absorption solution below the upper critical solution temperature, and the adjusting includes changing the concentration of the CST reagent with respect to the UCST solvent. The process according to claim 1.

3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting uses a membrane.

4. The process according to claim 2, wherein the CST reagent exhibits a decrease in osmotic pressure with an increase in temperature in a solution composed of water and the CST reagent.

5. The process according to claim 2, wherein the CST reagent is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether (DPnB), tri(propylene glycol) butyl ether isomer mixture (TPnB), propylene glycol n-butyl ether (PnB), dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether (DPnP), diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (D-Hex n-hexyl ether), propylene glycol propyl ether (PnP), 2-butoxyethanol (EB butyl glycol), PPG 425, PPG 725, PPG 1000, PEGDME 250, PEGDME 500, PEG 1000, PEG 600, PEG 400, PEG 200.

6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the process is reversible.

7. The process according to claim 1, further comprising repeating step 1), step 2), step 3), or all steps.

8. A liquid-phase refrigeration or heat pump cycle process using a liquid system, 1) releasing heat by exothermically mixing two or more liquid phases during a phase transition; 2) endothermically absorbing heat by converting a liquid phase into two or more liquid phases during a phase transition; 3) adjusting the phase transition temperature such that the phase transition temperature in step 1) is different from the phase transition temperature in step 2), wherein the adjusting includes changing the concentration of a reagent.

9. The liquid system includes a critical solution temperature (CST) reagent, a reagent for lowering the LCST, and water, The process according to claim 8, wherein the adjusting includes substantially removing substantially all of the reagent for lowering the LCST before or during step 1) and introducing the reagent for lowering the LCST before or during step 2).

10. The adjusting is carried out by using a membrane for removing substantially all of the reagent for lowering the LCST before or during Step 1), thereby forming a concentrate suitable for use in introducing a reagent for lowering the LCST before Step 2). The process according to claim 9.

11. The CST reagent exhibits a decrease in osmotic pressure with an increase in temperature in a solution consisting of water and the CST reagent. The process according to claim 9.

12. The CST reagent is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether (DPnB), tri(propylene glycol) butyl ether isomer mixture (TPnB), propylene glycol n-butyl ether (PnB), dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether (DPnP), diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (D-Hex n-hexyl ether), propylene glycol propyl ether (PnP), 2-butoxyethanol (EB butyl glycol), PPG 425, PPG 725, PPG 1000, PEGDME 250, PEGDME 500, PEG 1000, PEG 600, PEG 400, PEG 200. The process according to claim 9.

13. The process according to claim 8, wherein the process is reversible.

14. The process according to claim 8, further comprising repeating Step 1), Step 2), Step 3), or all steps.

15. The process according to claim 9, further comprising a binder reagent that is substantially miscible with the CST reagent and has a limited solubility in water.

16. The process according to claim 15, wherein the binder reagent comprises ethylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether (DPE), 2-heptanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene carbonate, cyclohexanone, 1-octanol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, acetal (1,1-diethoxyethane), isoamyl acetate, dibutyl ether, m-xylene, isopropyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, butanone, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), o-xylene, acetylacetone, p-xylene, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, 3-pentanone, propyl acetate, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, 2-methoxyethyl acetate, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 2-pentanone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, or a mixture thereof.

17. The process according to claim 1, wherein the UCST solvent is water.

18. The process according to claim 9, wherein the agent for lowering the LCST is selected from salts, glycerol, urea, and mixtures thereof.

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