Luminescent component

Abstract

To provide a luminescent component having excellent performance and stability.SOLUTION: The luminescent component includes a first element 1 including a first luminescent crystal 11 of the perovskite crystal category which is buried in a first polymer P1, and a second element 2 including a second solid polymer composition, the second polymer composition may optically contain a second luminescent crystal 12 buried in a second polymer P2. Also disclosed are a method for producing such a component and a method for producing a device that includes such a component.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of luminescent crystals (LC), components and devices containing the same. In particular, the present invention provides luminescent components, light-emitting devices containing such components, the use of luminescent components, the use of specific polymers in such components, and methods for manufacturing luminescent components and light-emitting devices.

Background Art

[0002] WO 2011 / 053635 discloses a light-emitting diode (LED) device comprising a composition of sealed nano-sized luminescent crystals (LC) and a container.

[0003] WO 2017 / 106979 discloses a luminescent component comprising luminescent crystals in a first polymer, the luminescent crystals being encapsulated in a polymer or an inorganic matrix. WO 2018 / 028869 discloses a class of perovskite crystal luminescent materials and methods for manufacturing the same.

[0004] US 2018 / 0298278 discloses a composite luminescent material comprising perovskite nanoparticles dispersed in a specific matrix. This document aims to improve the drawbacks of known composite luminescent materials such as low quantum yield and low stability, and proposes to eliminate them by an improved manufacturing method. Although the disclosed method is appropriate, it is difficult to implement on a commercial scale, and the quantum yield and stability are still considered insufficient.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

[0006] Known luminescent components may include a barrier film to improve stability against oxygen or moisture, especially when including an LC with a perovskite structure. Although suitable for many applications, these luminescent components and light-emitting devices lack stability, particularly in terms of high temperature, high humidity, and blue light irradiation.

[0007] Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to mitigate at least some of these drawbacks of the state of the art. In particular, one object of the present invention is to provide a luminescent component that is highly luminescent and at the same time exhibits improved stability, particularly improved stability against temperature, humidity, and blue light irradiation. A further object of the present invention is to provide a novel lighting device, as well as a method for manufacturing such components and devices, particularly a manufacturing method suitable for commercial production. [Means for Solving the Problems]

[0008] These objects are achieved by a luminescent component as defined in claim 2, a lighting device as defined in claim 13, and a manufacturing method as defined in claim 16. Further aspects of the present invention are disclosed in this specification and the independent claims, and preferred embodiments are disclosed in this specification and the dependent claims. The present invention particularly relates to · A luminescent component and its use (first aspect); · A lighting device (second aspect); · Manufacture of Luminescent Components and Devices (Third Aspect); To provide.

[0009] The present invention will be described in detail below. It should be understood that the various embodiments, preferences, and scopes presented / disclosed in this specification may be freely combined. Furthermore, depending on the specific embodiments, the selected definitions, embodiments, or scopes may not apply.

[0010] Unless otherwise specified, the following definitions apply in this specification. The terms "a", "an", "the" and similar terms used in the context of the present invention should be understood to cover both the singular and plural forms, unless otherwise specified in this specification or clearly inconsistent with the context. Furthermore, the term "containing" encompasses all of "comprising", "essentially consisting of", and "consisting of". Percentages are shown as mass %, unless otherwise specified in this disclosure or clearly inconsistent with the context. "Independently" means that one substituent / ion can be selected from one of the named substituents / ions, or can be a combination of more than one of the above.

[0011] The term "luminescent crystal" (LC) is known in the art and relates to crystals of semiconductor materials that are 3 to 100 nm. This term encompasses quantum dots, typically in the range of 3 to 15 nm, and nanocrystals, typically in the range greater than 15 nm and up to 100 nm (preferably up to 50 nm). Preferably, the luminescent crystals are approximately isometric (e.g., spherulites or cubic systems). A particle is considered to be approximately isotropic if the aspect ratio (longest: shortest direction) of all dimensions of the three orthogonal axes is between 1 and 2. Thus, the collection of LCs preferably contains 50 to 100% (n / n), preferably 66 to 100% (n / n), more preferably 75 to 100% (n / n) of isotropic crystals.

[0012] As the term indicates, LC exhibits luminescence (light emission). In the context of the present invention, the term luminescent crystal encompasses both particles in the form of single crystals and polycrystalline particles. In the latter case, one particle may consist of several crystalline domains (grains) connected by crystalline or amorphous phase boundaries. Luminescent crystals are semiconductor materials that exhibit direct transitions (typically in the range of 1.1 to 3.8 eV, more typically 1.4 to 3.5 eV, even more typically 1.7 to 3.2 eV). By irradiating electromagnetic rays above the bandgap, electrons in the valence band are excited to the conduction band and electron holes remain in the valence band. The formed excitons (electron - electron / hole pairs) recombine radiatively in the form of photoluminescence, with the maximum intensity centered around the LC bandgap value and showing a photoluminescence quantum yield of at least 1%. When in contact with an external source of electrons and electron holes, LC can exhibit electroluminescence. In the context of the present invention, LC does not exhibit mechanoluminescence (e.g., piezoluminescence), chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, or thermoluminescence.

[0013] The term "quantum dot" (QD) is known and relates in particular to semiconductor nanocrystals typically having a diameter of 3 to 15 nm. In this range, the physical radius of the QD is smaller than the bulk excitation Bohr radius, and the quantum confinement effect prevails. As a result, the electronic state of the QD is a function of the composition and physical size of the QD, and thus the bandgap is a function of the composition and physical size of the QD, i.e., the color of absorption / emission is related to the size of the QD. The optical quality of a sample of QDs is directly related to their homogeneity (the more monodisperse the QDs, the smaller the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission). When the quantum dots reach a size larger than the Bohr radius, the quantum confinement effect is hampered and non-radiative pathways for exciton recombination become dominant, so that the sample may no longer emit light. Thus, QDs are a specific subgroup of nanocrystals, defined in particular by their size and size distribution.

[0014] The term "perovskite crystal" is known and encompasses in particular crystalline compounds having a perovskite structure. Such perovskite structures are known and are described as cubic, pseudo-cubic, tetragonal or orthorhombic crystals of the general formula M 1 M 2 X3 (where M 1 is a cation with a coordination number of 12 (cuboctaeder), M 2 is a cation with a coordination number of 6 (octaeder), and X is an anion in the cubic, pseudo-cubic, tetragonal or orthorhombic positions of the lattice). In these structures, the selected cations or anions may be replaced by other ions (stochastically or regularly up to a maximum of 30 atomic percent), thereby resulting in doped perovskites or non-stoichiometric perovskites that still maintain their original crystal structure. The production of such luminescent crystals is known, for example, from International Publication No. WO 2018 / 028869.

[0015] The term "polymer" is known and encompasses organic and inorganic synthetic substances that contain repeating units ("monomers"). The term "polymer" includes homopolymers and copolymers. Further, cross-linked polymers and non-cross-linked polymers are also included. Depending on the context, the term "polymer" includes its monomers and oligomers. By way of example, polymers include acrylate polymers, carbonate polymers, sulfone polymers, epoxy polymers, vinyl polymers, urethane polymers, imide polymers, ester polymers, furan polymers, melamine polymers, styrene polymers, norbornene polymers, silicone polymers, and cyclic olefin copolymers. Polymers may contain other materials such as polymerization initiators, stabilizers, fillers, solvents, etc., as is conventional in the art.

[0016] Polymers can be further characterized by physical parameters such as polarity, glass transition temperature Tg, Young's modulus, and light transmittance. Transmittance: Typically, the polymers used in the context of the present invention are light transmissive to visible light, i.e., not opaque, such that light from the light source used to excite the luminescent crystals can pass through and the luminescent crystals can emit light. The light transmittance can be determined by white light interferometry or ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy.

[0017] The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a parameter established in the field of polymers. The glass transition temperature refers to the temperature at which an amorphous or semi-crystalline polymer changes from a glassy (hard) state to a more flexible, compliant, or rubbery state. Polymers with a high Tg are considered "hard", while polymers with a low Tg are considered "soft". At the molecular level, Tg is not a discontinuous thermodynamic transition, but rather a temperature range over which the mobility of the polymer chains increases significantly. However, by convention, it is reported as a single temperature defined as the midpoint of the temperature range enclosed by the tangents to two flat regions of the heat flow curve in DSC measurements. Tg can be determined using DSC in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-2 or ASTM E1356. This method is particularly suitable when the polymer exists in the form of a bulk material. Alternatively, Tg can also be determined by measuring temperature-dependent micro- or nano-hardness by micro- or nano-indentation in accordance with ISO 14577-1 or ASTM E2546-15. This method is suitable for the luminescent components and lighting devices as disclosed herein. Suitable analytical instruments are available as MHT (Anton Paar), Hysitron TI Premier (Bruker) or Nano Indenter G200 (Keysight Technologies). The data obtained by temperature-controlled micro- and nano-indentation can be converted to Tg. Typically, the plastic deformation work or Young's modulus or hardness is measured as a function of temperature, and Tg is the temperature at which these parameters change significantly. Young's modulus or elastic modulus is a mechanical property that evaluates the stiffness of a solid material. Young's modulus or elastic modulus defines the relationship between the stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) of a material in the linear elastic region of uniaxial deformation.

[0018] The term "matrix" is known in the art and, in the context of the present invention, means a continuous phase surrounding a discontinuous or particulate phase. The continuous material thus encapsulates the particulate phase.

[0019] The term "solvent" is known in the art and includes, in particular, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers (including glycol-ethers), esters, alcohols, ketones, amines, amides, sulfones, phosphines and alkyl carbonates. The above organic compounds may or may not be substituted with one or more substituents, such as halogen (e.g., fluoro, chloro, iodo or bromo), hydroxy, C1-4 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy or ethoxy) and alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl). The above organic compounds include linear, branched and cyclic derivatives. An unsaturated bond may be present in the molecule. The above compounds typically have 4 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and most preferably 12 to 20 carbon atoms.

[0020] The terms "surfactant", "ligand", "dispersant" and "dispersing agent" are known in the art and have essentially the same meaning. In the context of the present invention, these terms mean organic substances other than solvents that are used in suspensions or colloids to improve the separation of particles and to prevent aggregation or sedimentation. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that surfactants physically or chemically adhere to the surface of the particles either before or after addition of the particles to the solvent, thereby providing the desired effect. The term "surfactant" includes polymeric materials and small molecules, and surfactants typically contain polar functional end groups and non-polar end groups. In the context of the present invention, a solvent (e.g., toluene) is not considered a surfactant.

[0021] The term "suspension" is known and relates to a heterogeneous fluid of a solid internal phase (i.p.) and a liquid external phase (e.p.). The external phase includes one or more dispersants / surfactants, optionally one or more solvents, and optionally one or more prepolymers.

[0022] The term "solution-processing" is known in the art and means the application of a coating or thin film to a substrate by use of solution-based (= liquid) starting materials. In the context of the present invention, solution processing relates to the manufacture of articles including goods such as electronic devices, optical devices, and (decorative) coatings, and also to the manufacture of components / intermediate products including composite materials as described herein. Typically, the application of the suspension(s) is carried out under ambient conditions.

[0023] Embodiments, aspects and advantages of the present invention, or embodiments, examples, experiments that illustrate or lead to them, will be better understood from the following detailed description thereof. Such description refers to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a luminescent component 4 is provided. This luminescent component includes a first element 1 containing a first luminescent crystal 11 from a class of perovskite crystals embedded in a first polymer P1, and a second element 2 containing a second solid polymer composition, and the second polymer composition may optionally contain a second luminescent crystal 12 embedded in a second polymer P2. According to the present invention, P1 and P2 are different.

[0026] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a luminescent component 4 including a first element 1 and a second element 2. The first element 1 includes a first solid polymer composition, and the first polymer composition includes a first luminescent crystal 11 embedded in a first polymer P1. The first luminescent crystal has a perovskite crystal structure and emits light of a first wavelength in response to excitation by light having a wavelength shorter than the first wavelength. The first polymer P1 is selected from the group consisting of polymers with T g <95 °C (preferably <90 °C, preferably <80 °C, most preferably <70 °C).

[0027] The second element 2 includes a second solid polymer composition that may optionally include a second luminescent crystal 12 embedded in a second polymer P2. The optional second luminescent crystal 12 is different from the first luminescent crystal 11 and emits light of a second wavelength in response to excitation by light of a wavelength shorter than the second wavelength. The second polymer P2 is selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polymers with T g > 115 °C (preferably > 120 °C, preferably > 130 °C, preferably > 140 °C, most preferably > 150 °C). The second element at least partially covers the first element, thereby sealing the first element.

[0028] Each Tg is determined by DSC in accordance with DIN EN 11357-2:2014-07 at a starting temperature of -90 °C and an end temperature of 250 °C in a nitrogen (5.0) atmosphere (20 ml / min). The purging gas is nitrogen (5.0) at 20 ml / min. The Tg is determined during the second heating cycle.

[0029] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a luminescent component 4 including a first element 1 and a second element 2. The first element 1 includes a first solid polymer composition, and the first polymer composition includes a first luminescent crystal 11 embedded in a first polymer P1. The first luminescent crystal has a perovskite crystal structure and emits light of a first wavelength in response to excitation by light of a wavelength shorter than the first wavelength. The first polymer P1 is selected from the group consisting of polymers with T g < 95 °C (preferably < 90 °C, preferably < 80 °C, most preferably < 70 °C).

[0030] The second element 2 includes a second solid polymer composition that may optionally contain a second luminescent crystal 12 embedded in a second polymer P2. The optional second luminescent crystal 12 is different from the first luminescent crystal 11 and emits light of a second wavelength in response to excitation by light of a wavelength shorter than the second wavelength. The second polymer P2 is selected from the group consisting of polymers having a WVTR < 1 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day) (preferably < 0.5, more preferably < 0.2 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day). The second element at least partially covers the first element, thereby sealing the first element.

[0031] In this embodiment, P2 is not a crosslinked polymer.

[0032] Each Tg is determined by DSC in accordance with DIN EN 11357-2:2014-07 at a starting temperature of -90 °C and an end temperature of 250 °C in a nitrogen (5.0) atmosphere (20 ml / min). The purging gas is nitrogen (5.0) at 20 ml / min. The Tg is determined during the second heating cycle.

[0033] Each WVTR is determined by ISO 15106-3:2003 at a temperature / relative humidity of 40 °C / 90% r.h.

[0034] It is preferred that the first element does not spontaneously emit light of a certain wavelength but emits light of a certain wavelength in response to excitation, particularly in response to excitation by light of a wavelength shorter than the wavelength of the light emitted in response to excitation. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the first element emits light of a first wavelength, for example, light in the green spectrum, in response to excitation, for example, by light in the blue spectrum.

[0035] The second element may or may not contain a luminescent crystal. When the second element contains a luminescent crystal, the second element does not spontaneously emit light of a certain wavelength but emits light of a certain wavelength in response to excitation, particularly preferably in response to excitation by light of a wavelength shorter than the wavelength of the light emitted in response to excitation. Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the second element emits light of a second wavelength, for example, light in the red spectrum, in response to excitation, for example, excitation by light in the blue spectrum.

[0036] When P1 and P2 are in contact, it is preferred that they do not dissolve in each other when in solid-phase contact at least at room temperature. As a result, the first and second elements can remain in separate phases by one or more phase boundaries within the luminescent component 4. The first element and the second element thus each have their own surface. By appropriately selecting each polymer material, the first luminescent crystal is confined within the first element and cannot interact with other components or the environment outside the first element, such as air, water, and further, the luminescent crystal.

[0037] It has been found that such a luminescent component simultaneously exhibits good stability against light irradiation (particularly blue light irradiation) and good stability against temperature and humidity. This is considered to be a significant improvement compared to the prior art. Known luminescent components exhibit good stability against light radiation but lack stability against temperature and humidity. Also, luminescent components that exhibit good stability against temperature and humidity are known, but they lack stability against light radiation. Meeting both criteria regarding stability, namely light stability on the one hand and temperature / humidity stability on the other, enables the production of improved luminescent components and lighting devices with excellent quality. Without being bound by theory, the first element results in a sealant having soft mechanical properties (defined by a low Tg and / or modulus of elasticity E of P1), while the second element is considered to comprise a sealing polymer having hard mechanical properties (defined by a high Tg and / or modulus of elasticity E of P2).

[0038] In view of the above, the present invention relates to the use of polymer P2 in a luminescent component 4, where the polymer P2 is g selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polymers with T > 115 °C (preferably > 120 °C, preferably > 130 °C, preferably > 140 °C, most preferably > 150 °C), and the luminescent component comprises a luminescent crystal 11 having a perovskite crystal structure embedded in a polymer P1 with T g < 95 °C (preferably < 90 °C, preferably < 80 °C, most preferably < 70 °C).

[0039] In view of the above, the present invention relates to the use of polymer P2 in a luminescent component 4, where the polymer P2 is selected from the group consisting of polymers with WVTR < 1 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day) (preferably < 0.5, more preferably < 0.2 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day)), and the luminescent component has a T gIt contains the luminescent crystal 11 with a perovskite crystal structure embedded in the polymer P1 at <95 °C (preferably <90 °C, more preferably <80 °C, most preferably <70 °C). In this embodiment, P2 is preferably not a cross-linked polymer.

[0040] There is also provided the use of the luminescent component 4 for emitting white light in response to irradiation with blue light, particularly as a backlight in a liquid crystal display.

[0041] This aspect of the invention, in particular, the chemical composition of the first polymer, the second polymer, the luminescent crystal, and the appropriate structure of such luminescent components will be described in more detail below.

[0042] The first polymer: The first solid polymer composition contains a first luminescent crystal embedded in the first polymer (P1). The first polymer (P1) can be selected from a variety of polymers as described herein. These include acrylate polymers, carbonate polymers, vinyl polymers, urethane polymers, ester polymers, styrene polymers, olefin polymers, silicone polymers, and cyclic olefin copolymers.

[0043] In an embodiment of the invention, the first polymer P1 has a glass transition temperature of 50 °C < T g <95 °C, preferably 50 °C < T g <90 °C, more preferably 50 °C < T g <80 °C, most preferably 50 °C < T g <70 °C. Therefore, P1 can be regarded as a "soft" polymer, especially when compared with P2.

[0044] In an embodiment of the invention, the first polymer (P1) is 100 μm thick and is permeable to visible light with a transmittance of >70%, preferably >80%, most preferably >90%.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first polymer (P1) is amorphous (not crystalline; not semi-crystalline).

[0046] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first polymer (P1) is a cross-linked polymer. Cross-linking is a general term for the process of forming covalent bonds or chemical bonds of a relatively short sequence to join two polymer chains. Cross-linked polymers, for example, cannot be dissolved in a solvent without breaking covalent bonds by oxidation in an oxidative solvent. However, cross-linked polymers may swell when exposed to a solvent. In the case of acrylates, cross-linking can be achieved, for example, by curing a mixture of at least 0.5% by mass of a difunctional and / or polyfunctional acrylate prepolymer and a monofunctional acrylate prepolymer.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first polymer (P1) has a total molar ratio of (oxygen + nitrogen + sulfur + phosphorus + fluorine + chlorine + bromine + iodine) to carbon of <0.9, preferably <0.4, preferably <0.3, and most preferably <0.25.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first polymer (P1) has a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) expressed in (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day) at a temperature / relative humidity of 40°C / 90% r.h. of WVTR < 1 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day), preferably < 0.5 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day), and most preferably < 0.2 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day). In an embodiment of the present invention, the first polymer (P1) has an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) expressed in (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm) at a temperature / relative humidity of 23°C / 0% r.h. of > 1 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), preferably > 5 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), preferably > 25 (cm3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), most preferably > 125 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm).

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first polymer (P1) is selected from the group consisting of acrylate polymers, preferably cross-linked acrylate polymers, and the second polymer (P2) is preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylate polymers, preferably cross-linked acrylate polymers. Cross-linked acrylate can be obtained, for example, by using at least 0.5% by mass of a difunctional and / or polyfunctional prepolymer in a monofunctional acrylate.

[0050] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first polymer (P1) is acrylate. Advantageously, the first polymer contains (i.e., includes, or consists of) repeating units of monofunctional acrylate (III) and polyfunctional acrylate (IV). As the term implies, a monofunctional acrylate contains one acrylate functional group, while a polyfunctional acrylate contains two, three, four, five, or six acrylate functional groups. As used in the present disclosure, the term "acrylate" also includes (meth)acrylate. The amounts of the monofunctional acrylate repeating unit (III) and the polyfunctional acrylate repeating unit (IV) can take various values over a wide range. Suitable ones are, for example, a first polymer containing 10 to 90% by mass, preferably 50 to 80% by mass of the monofunctional acrylate repeating unit. Suitable ones are, for example, a first polymer containing 10 to 90% by mass, preferably 20 to 50% by mass of the polyfunctional acrylate repeating unit.

[0051] In one preferred embodiment, the repeating unit contains a monofunctional acrylate of formula (III).

[0052]

Chemical formula

[0053] Here, R 9 represents H or CH3, R 10 represents a cyclic, straight-chain or branched C 1-25 alkyl, or a C 6-26 aryl group, each optionally substituted by one or more cyclic, straight-chain or branched C 1-20 alkyl, phenyl or phenoxy, n represents 0 or 1, X represents a spacer selected from the group consisting of alkoxylates containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 oxygen atoms.

[0054] The term "cyclic C x-y alkyl group" shall include monocyclic and polycyclic groups including condensed ring systems containing x to y carbon atoms as ring members. The cyclic alkyl group may include a group having one double bond.

[0055] The compounds of formula (III) are also collectively called acrylates, including the acrylates of formula (III-1) and (III-2) when R 9 is H, and the acrylates of formula (III-3) and (III-4) when R 9 is methyl.

[0056] Furthermore, the compounds of formula (III) also include the simple acrylates of formula (III-1) and formula (III-3) when n is 0 and X is absent.

[0057]

Chemical formula

[0058] Here, R 10 is as defined above.

[0059] Furthermore, the compounds of formula (III) also include the alkoxylated acrylates of formula (III-2) and formula (III-4).

[0060] [Chemical]

[0061] Here, R 10 is as defined above.

[0062] R 10 is preferably cyclic C 5-25 alkyl, acyclic (linear or branched) C 1-25 alkyl, or C 6-26 aryl, each of which may optionally be substituted by one or more cyclic, linear or branched C 1-20 alkyl, phenyl or phenoxy, R 10 is more preferably a saturated cyclic C 5-25 alkyl group, where the cyclic alkyl includes monocyclic and polycyclic groups which may optionally be substituted by 1 to 6 substituents, and each substituent is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl. R 10 is most preferably a saturated polycyclic C 6-25 alkyl group substituted by 1 to 6 substituents, and each substituent is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl. R 10 is even most preferably a saturated polycyclic C 8-25 alkyl group which may optionally contain 1 to 6 substituents, and each substituent is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl.

[0063] R 10 Specific examples of R include isobornyl, dicyclopentanyl, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate.

[0064] Specific examples of the acrylates of formulas (III-1) and (III-3) include isobornyl acrylate (CAS 5888-33-5), isobornyl methacrylate (CAS 7534-94-3), dicyclopentanyl acrylate (CAS 79637-74-4, FA-513AS (Hitachi Chemical, Japan)), dicyclopentanyl methacrylate (CAS 34759-34-7, FA-513M (Hitachi Chemical, Japan)), 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate (CAS 86178-38-3), 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate (CAS 7779-31-9), 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate (CAS 84100-23-2), and 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl methacrylate (CAS 46729-07-1).

[0065] Specific examples of the acrylates of formulas (III-2) and (III-4) include poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate (specifically 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate), O-phenylphenoxyethyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol o-phenylphenyl ether acrylate (CAS 72009-86-0), poly(ethylene glycol) ether ether methacrylate, di(ethylene glycol) ether ether acrylate, poly(ethylene oxide) nonylphenyl ether acrylate, poly(propylene glycol) 4-nonylphenyl ether acrylate, ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether acrylate, and ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether methacrylate.

[0066] In one preferred embodiment, the polyfunctional unit comprises a difunctional acrylate of formula (V).

[0067]

Chemical formula

[0068] Here, R 21each independently represents H or CH3; R 23 represents a cyclic, linear or branched C 1-25 alkyl, or a C 6-26 aryl group, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more cyclic, linear or branched C 1-20 alkyl, phenyl or phenoxy; X 22 each independently represents a spacer selected from the group consisting of alkoxylates, and the two substituents X 22 in total contain 8 to 40 carbon atoms and 2 to 20 oxygen atoms. R 23 preferably represents a C 1-20 aryl group which is optionally substituted by one or more cyclic, linear or branched C 6-26 alkyl, phenyl or phenoxy. R 23 particularly preferably represents a C 1-20 aryl group which is optionally substituted by one or more cyclic, linear or branched C 6-26 alkyl. Examples of the aryl group include monocyclic and polycyclic aryl, and the monocyclic and polycyclic aryl may be optionally substituted by 1 to 4 substituents, and the substituents are selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, phenyl and phenoxy. R 23 particularly preferably represents phenyl, benzyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, 9-fluorenyl. R 23 most preferably represents bisphenol A or fluorene-9-bisphenol. X 22 preferably represents a spacer group selected from the group consisting of ethoxylate and / or isopropoxylate, and the two substituents X 22 in total contain 8 to 24 carbon atoms and 4 to 8 oxygen atoms. X 22represents a spacer group preferably selected from the group consisting of ethoxylate and / or isopropoxylate, and both substituents X 22 contain a total of 4 to 20 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 oxygen atoms.

[0069] A preferred group of diacrylates is represented by formula (V-1).

[0070]

Chemical formula

[0071] Here, R represents H or CH3, and m + n is 4 to 10.

[0072] Specific examples of the difunctional acrylate include 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (CAS 64401-02-1, such as Miramer M240 (Miwon Korea), Miramer M2100 (Miwon Korea), Fancryl FA-324A (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), Fancryl FA-326A (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), Fancryl FA-328A (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), Fancryl FA-321A (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), etc.), bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate (such as Miramer M241 (Miwon Korea), Miramer M2101 (Miwon Korea), Fancryl FA-324M (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), Fancryl FA-326M (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), Fancryl FA-328M (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), Fancryl FA-321M (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), etc.), modified fluorene-9-bisphenol diacrylate (CAS, modified fluorene-9-bisphenol dimethacrylate).

[0073] Specific examples of the trifunctional acrylate include ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CAS 28961-43-5), isopropoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CAS 53879-54-2), isopropoxylated glycerin triacrylate (CAS 52408-84-1).

[0074] Specific examples of the tetrafunctional acrylate include di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate (CAS 94108-97-1), ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (CAS 51728-26-8).

[0075] Specific examples of the penta-functional acrylate include dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (CAS 60506-81-2). Specific examples of the hexa-functional acrylate include dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (CAS 29570-58-9).

[0076] Second polymer: The second solid polymer composition may optionally contain a second luminescent crystal embedded in a second polymer (P2). The second polymer (P2) can be selected from a wide variety of polymers as described herein.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second polymer P2 has a glass transition temperature of T g > 115 °C, preferably > 120 °C, preferably > 130 °C, preferably > 140 °C, and most preferably > 150 °C. P2 can be regarded as a "hard" polymer, especially when compared with P1.

[0078] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second polymer (P2) is permeable to visible light with a transmittance of > 70%, preferably > 80%, and most preferably > 90% at a thickness of 100 μm. The term "light transmittance" is as defined above.

[0079] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second polymer (P2) is amorphous (not crystalline; not semi-crystalline).

[0080] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second polymer (P2) is a cross-linked polymer. The term "cross-linked" is as defined above.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second polymer (P2) has a total molar ratio of (oxygen + nitrogen + sulfur + phosphorus + fluorine + chlorine + bromine + iodine) to carbon of < 0.9, preferably < 0.4, preferably < 0.3, and most preferably < 0.20.

[0082] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second polymer (P2) has a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) expressed in (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day) at a temperature / relative humidity of 40°C / 90% r.h. such that WVTR < 1 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day), preferably < 0.5 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day), and most preferably < 0.2 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day).

[0083] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second polymer (P2) has an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) expressed in (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm) at a temperature / relative humidity of 23°C / 0% r.h. such that < 50 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), preferably < 10 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), more preferably < 5 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), and most preferably < 1 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm).

[0084] As described above, a wide variety of polymers are suitable as the second polymer in the context of the present invention. Suitable second polymers (P2) include acrylate polymers, carbonate polymers, sulfone polymers, phenylene oxide polymers, epoxy polymers, vinyl polymers, urethane polymers, ester polymers, styrene polymers, imide polymers, norbornene polymers, and cyclic olefin copolymers. Particularly suitable polymers P2 include epoxy polymers, urethane polymers, and acrylate polymers, norbornene polymers, and cyclic olefin copolymers, or copolymers and mixtures (blends) thereof.

[0085] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second polymer (P2) is an acrylate. In one embodiment, the second polymer comprises repeating units of a monofunctional acrylate (III). Advantageously, the second polymer may optionally contain repeating units of a monofunctional acrylate (III) and repeating units of a polyfunctional acrylate (VI), and the polyfunctional acrylate of P2 may contain 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 acrylate functional groups.

[0086] The monofunctional unit is represented by formula (III) as defined above. In the context of P2, the acrylates of formulas (III-1) and (III-3) are preferred.

[0087] In the context of P2, the substituent R 10 preferably represents a cyclic alkyl group of C 5-25 . Examples of the cyclic alkyl group include monocyclic groups and polycyclic groups, and also optionally substituted groups containing 1 to 6 substituents from the group of C 1-4 alkyl.

[0088] In the context of P2, the substituent R 10 more preferably represents a polycyclic alkyl group of C 1-4 having an unsaturated double bond on the cyclic ring and containing a substituted group containing 1 to 6 substituents from the group of C 5-25 alkyl.

[0089] In the context of P2, the substituent R 10 more preferably represents isobornyl, dicyclopentanyl (di-cp), 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl.

[0090] In the context of P2, R 10 particularly preferably represents dicyclopentenyl.

[0091] In the context of P2, specific examples of acrylate (III) include isobornyl acrylate (CAS 5888-33-5), isobornyl methacrylate (CAS 7534-94-3), dicyclopentanyl - acrylate (CAS 79637-74-4, FA-513AS (Hitachi Chemical, Japan)), dicyclopentanyl - methacrylate (CAS 34759-34-7, FA-513M (Hitachi Chemical, Japan)), dicyclopentenyl - acrylate (CAS 33791-58-1, FA-511AS (Hitachi Chemical, Japan)), dicyclopentenyl - methacrylate (CAS 31621-69-9), 3,3,5 - trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate (CAS 86178-38-3), 3,3,5 - trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate (CAS 7779-31-9), 4 - tert - butylcyclohexyl acrylate (CAS 84100-23-2), 4 - tert - butylcyclohexyl methacrylate (CAS 46729-07-1).

[0092] In one preferred embodiment, the polyfunctional unit comprises a difunctional acrylate of formula (VI).

[0093]

Chemical formula

[0094] Here, R 31 each independently represents H or CH3; R 33 represents a cyclic C 5-25 alkyl, or a C 6-26 aryl group, each of which may optionally be substituted by one or more cyclic, straight - chain or branched C 1-20 alkyl, phenyl or phenoxy; X 32 are independent of each other and either absent (R 33 is directly bonded to oxygen by a single bond) or represents a spacer from the group consisting of alkoxylates, and both substituents X22 It contains 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 8 oxygen atoms in total. R 33 Preferably, R 32 represents a group as defined for R R 33 Particularly preferably, it represents bisphenol A or fluorene-9-bisphenol. X 32 Preferably, X represents a single bond, whereby R 33 is directly bonded to the adjacent oxygen. X 22 Most preferably, X represents a spacer from the group consisting of ethoxylate and / or isopropoxylate, and 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 oxygen atoms are contained in total for both substituents X 22 It contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 oxygen atoms in total.

[0095] Preferred groups of diacrylates are those represented by formula (VI-1).

[0096]

Chemical formula

[0097] Here, R represents H or CH3, and m + n is 0 to 3.

[0098] Specific examples of bifunctional acrylates include bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (CAS 24447-78-7, Fancryl FA-320A (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), etc.), bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (CAS 64401-02-1, Fancryl FA-320AP (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), etc.), tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (CAS 42594-17-2, Miramer M262 (Miwon, Korea)), bisphenol A ethoxylated dimethacrylate (CAS 24448-20-2, Fancryl FA-320M (Hitachi Chemical, Japan), bisphenol A ethoxylated dimethacrylate (CAS 41637-38-1, Fancryl FA-320MP (Hitachi Chemical, Japan)).

[0099] In one preferred embodiment, the polyfunctional units include trifunctional, tetrafunctional, pentafunctional, and hexafunctional acrylates. These polyfunctional acrylates can increase the crosslink density and enhance the desired barrier properties of the second polymer.

[0100] Specific examples of trifunctional acrylates include trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CAS 15625-89-5), ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (CAS 28961-43-5), tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate (CAS 40220-08-4).

[0101] Specific examples of tetrafunctional acrylates include di(trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate (CAS 94108-97-1), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (CAS 4986-89-4), ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (CAS 51728-26-8).

[0102] Specific examples of the penta-functional acrylate include dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (CAS 60506-81-2).

[0103] Specific examples of the hexa-functional acrylate include dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (CAS 29570-58-9).

[0104] First luminescent crystal: A preferred first luminescent crystal 11 has a perovskite structure. Advantageously, the first luminescent crystal is [M 1 A 1 a M 2 b X c (I) (wherein A 1 represents one or more organic cations selected from the group consisting of formamidinium, ammonium, guanidinium, protonated thiourea, imidazolium, pyridinium, and pyrrolidinium, M 1 represents one or more alkali metals, preferably one or more alkali metals selected from Cs, Rb, K, Na, and Li, M 2 is one or more metals other than M 1 preferably one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, and Bi, X represents one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, and sulfides, preferably one or more halides selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, cyanide, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, and sulfide, particularly preferably one or more halides selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, and I, a represents 1 to 4, preferably 1, b represents 1 to 2, preferably 2, c represents 3 to 9, preferably 3, M 1 or A 1 ​either, or M 1 and A 1 is present.) selected from the compounds of. Such compounds of formula (I) are known and are described in International Publication No. 2018 / 028869. The content of International Publication No. 2018 / 028869 is incorporated by reference herein.

[0105] In one embodiment, the organic cation A 1 is present in the compound of formula (I), while the metal cation M 1 is not present (A 1 ≠ 0; M 1 = 0; "organic cation perovskite", or simply "organic perovskite"). In one embodiment, the organic cation A 1 is not present in the compound of formula (I), while the metal cation M 1 is present (A 1 = 0; M 1 ≠ 0; "inorganic cation perovskite", or simply "inorganic perovskite"). In one embodiment, the organic cation A 1 and the metal cation M 1 are present (A 1 ≠ 0; M 1 ≠ 0; "hybrid cation perovskite", or simply "hybrid perovskite").

[0106] Examples of the compound of formula (I) include stoichiometric compounds and non-stoichiometric compounds. The compound of formula (I) is stoichiometric when a, b, and c represent natural numbers (i.e., positive integers), and the compound of formula (I) is non-stoichiometric when a, b, and c represent rational numbers other than natural numbers.

[0107] Suitable organic cations A 1 can be selected from the group consisting of formamidinium (IV-1), ammonium cation (IV-2), guanidinium cation (IV-3), protonated thiourea cation (IV-4), imidazolium cation (IV-5), pyridinium cation (IV-6), and pyrrolidinium cation (IV-7).

[0108] [Chemical]

[0109] Here, the substituent R is, independently of one another, hydrogen, or C 1-4 alkyl, or phenyl, or benzyl, and when R is bonded to carbon, the substituent R further represents, independently of one another, halide or pseudohalide.

[0110] In the case of (IV-1), R 2 preferably represents hydrogen, and R 1 preferably represents methyl, or hydrogen, or halide or pseudohalide. Preferred cations are selected from the group consisting of acetamidinium and formamidinium (FA). FA is the preferred cation.

[0111] In the case of (IV-2), R preferably represents hydrogen and methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, benzyl. Preferred cations are selected from the group consisting of benzylammonium, iso-butylammonium, n-butylammonium, t-butylammonium, diethylammonium, dimethylammonium, ethylammonium, methylammonium (MA), phenethylammonium, iso-propylammonium, and n-propylammonium. MA is the preferred cation.

[0112] In the case of (IV-3), R 2 preferably represents hydrogen, and in that case, the parent compound becomes a guanidinium cation. In the case of (IV-4), R 2 preferably represents hydrogen, and in that case, the parent compound becomes a protonated thiourea cation. In the case of (IV-5), R 2 preferably represents methyl or hydrogen. Imidazolium is the preferred cation.

[0113] In the case of (IV-6), R 2 preferably represents methyl or hydrogen. Pyridinium is the preferred cation. In the case of (IV-7), R 2 preferably represents methyl or hydrogen. Pyrrolidinium is the preferred cation.

[0114] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the LC of formula (I) when A 1 = FA.

[0115] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the LC of formula (I) when M 1 = Cs. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the LC of formula (I) when M 2 = Pb.

[0116] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the LC of formula (I) when X is a combination of at least two elements selected from the list of Cl, Br, and I. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the LC / QD of formula (I) when X represents one element selected from the list of Cl, Br, and I.

[0117] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the LC of formula (I) selected from FA1Pb1X3, particularly FAPbBr3, FAPbBr2I.

[0118] In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to the LC of formula (I) further comprising a dopant, i.e., when a part of M 1 is replaced by another alkali metal, or when a part of M 2 is replaced by another transition metal or rare earth element, or when a part of X is replaced by another halide, or when a part of A 1 is replaced by another cation as defined in the present disclosure. The dopant (i.e., substitution ion) generally exists in an amount less than 1% with respect to the ion to be replaced.

[0119] Second Luminescent Crystal: As outlined above, a further class of LC, the second luminescent crystal 12, may or may not be present. If present, the second luminescent crystal 12 is embedded in the second polymer P2. Such second LC can be selected from a variety of known LCs known to those skilled in the art. Suitable second LCs (12) can be selected from one or more of core-shell QDs and micron-sized phosphors. Particularly suitable are core-shell QDs, such as CdSe or InP-based QDs, and most preferably InP-based QDs. Particularly suitable micron-sized phosphors are selected from KSF (K2SiF6:Mn 4+ ).

[0120] Advantageously, the second luminescent crystal 12 does not have a perovskite structure. Thus, the second luminescent crystal 12 excludes the compounds of formula (I) as described in this disclosure.

[0121] Third Luminescent Crystal: As outlined above, a further class of LC, the third luminescent crystal 13, may or may not be present. If present, the third luminescent crystal 13 is embedded in the first polymer P1. Such third LC can be selected from a variety of known LCs known to those skilled in the art. Suitable third LCs (12) can be selected from one or more of core-shell QDs and micron-sized phosphors and perovskites. Particularly suitable are core-shell QDs, such as CdSe or InP-based QDs, and most preferably InP-based QDs. Particularly suitable micron-sized phosphors are selected from KSF (K2SiF6:Mn 4+ ).

[0122] The third luminescent crystal can have a perovskite structure. Therefore, examples of the third luminescent crystal 13 include the compounds of formula (I) as described in the present disclosure, but may be different from the first luminescent crystal, and thus have different luminescence wavelengths. This is achieved by selecting different chemical compositions and different sizes for the third luminescent crystal compared to the first luminescent crystal.

[0123] In one embodiment, the luminescent component as a whole includes 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 5 different luminescent crystals 11 (12, 13 if present), resulting in a luminescent component with an adjustable emission spectrum.

[0124] The concentration of the luminescent crystals 11 (12, 13 if present) can take a wide variety of values. In the case of a luminescent component containing only the first LC and neither the second LC nor the third LC, not only a single first LC is provided in the luminescent component, but also a plurality of first LCs are provided to enhance its luminosity. In the case of a luminescent component containing only the first LC and the second LC and not the third LC, a plurality of first LCs and a plurality of second LCs are provided in the luminescent component to enhance its luminosity. In the case of a luminescent component containing the first, second, and third LCs, a plurality of first LCs, a plurality of second LCs, and various additional LCs are provided in the luminescent component to enhance its luminosity. Preferably, the concentration of the first luminescent crystal relative to P1 is 0.01% to 10.0% by mass, preferably 0.02% to 7.6% by mass, and most preferably 0.05% to 1.0% by mass.

[0125] Additional materials: The first element may further contain additional materials. Such additional materials include solvents, plasticizers, stabilizers (such as surfactants, ligands, dispersants), viscosity modifiers, catalysts (such as polymerization initiators), unreacted monomers, and anti-plasticizers. Such additional materials are known to those skilled in the art. The selection of their types and amounts is a routine task for those skilled in the art.

[0126] In one embodiment, the first element 1 comprises a first polymer P1 and a solvent, particularly a non-polar solvent with a boiling point (bp) > 100 °C. Preferably, the non-polar solvent is an aliphatic solvent having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and most preferably 12 to 20 carbon atoms. The solvent can be present in an amount of < 20% by mass, preferably < 10% by mass, and most preferably < 5% by mass.

[0127] In a further embodiment, the polymer P1 further comprises a plasticizer compound to lower the Tg. Such a plasticizer compound can be reactive (polymerizable) or non-reactive (not polymerizable). Examples of reactive plasticizers include acrylic esters such as lauryl acrylate and stearyl acrylate. Examples of non-reactive plasticizers include esters such as bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

[0128] In a further embodiment, the polymer P1 further comprises an anti-plasticizer compound. An anti-plasticizer is any small molecule or oligomeric additive that increases the Young's modulus and decreases the glass transition temperature at a certain concentration.

[0129] In one embodiment, the second element consists of a second polymer P2.

[0130] In one alternative embodiment, the second element 2 includes additional materials. Such additional materials include solvents, stabilizers (such as surfactants, ligands, dispersants), viscosity modifiers, catalysts (such as polymerization initiators), unreacted monomers, and scattering particles. Such additional materials are known to those skilled in the art and have also been described in the context of the first element 1 above. The selection of their types and amounts is a routine task for those skilled in the art.

[0131] In one embodiment, the second element 2 includes a second polymer P2 and does not include a solvent.

[0132] In one embodiment, the second element 2 includes a second polymer P2 and scattering particles selected from the group consisting of organic scattering particles and inorganic scattering particles. Materials for the scattering particles include silicone (such as organopolysiloxane), titania, zirconia, alumina, and silica.

[0133] In one embodiment, the first and second polymer compositions include, in addition to the hardened / cured polymers and each type of luminescent crystal, one or more surfactants selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and zwitterionic surfactants, preferably selected from the group consisting of zwitterionic surfactants.

[0134] Considering the intended use, the first and second polymer compositions including the hardened polymers P1 and P2 are preferably, i.e., capable of emitting light by the luminescent crystals, and are light transmissive, i.e., not opaque, so that the possible light of the light source used to excite the luminescent crystals can pass through.

[0135] Additional elements: The luminescent component includes additional elements such as a protective layer, a substrate, etc. in addition to the first and second elements.

[0136] Protective layer: One option for the protective layer is a barrier layer. The luminescent component 4 may optionally include one or more barrier layers 5. Such a barrier layer is disposed on the surface of the luminescent component that would otherwise be exposed in the absence of the barrier layer. In a preferred embodiment, in the case of a rectangular sheet-like luminescent component, a barrier film is attached to both sides of the luminescent component.

[0137] Such protective layers (e.g., barrier films) are known in the art and typically comprise a combination of one material / plurality of materials having a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and / or a low oxygen transmission rate (OTR). By selecting such materials, degradation of the LC in the component due to exposure to water vapor and / or oxygen can be suppressed or avoided. The barrier layer or film preferably has a WVTR of < 10 (g) / (m 2 ·day) at a temperature of 40 °C / 90% r.h. and atmospheric pressure, more preferably < 1 (g) / (m 2 ·day), and most preferably < 0.1 (g) / (m 2 ·day). In one embodiment, the barrier film can be permeable to oxygen. In another embodiment, the barrier film is impermeable to oxygen and has an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of < 10 (mL) / (m 2 ·day) at a temperature of 23 °C / 90% r.h. and atmospheric pressure, more preferably < 1 (mL) / (m 2 ·day), and most preferably < 0.1 (mL) / (m 2 ·day). In one embodiment, the barrier film is permeable to light, i.e., has a visible light transmittance > 80%, preferably > 85%, and most preferably > 90%.

[0138] A suitable barrier film can exist in a single layer form. Such barrier films are known in the art and include glass, ceramics, metal oxides, and polymers. Suitable polymers can be selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP), and suitable inorganic materials can be selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, SiO x 、Si x N y 、AlO x . Most preferably, the polymeric moisture barrier material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of PVdC and COC.

[0139] Most preferably, the polymeric oxygen barrier material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of EVOH polymers.

[0140] A suitable barrier film can exist in a multilayer form. Such barrier films are known in the art and generally include a substrate, such as PET having a thickness in the range of 10 to 200 μm, and a thin inorganic layer containing a material from the group consisting of SiO x and AlO x or an organic layer based on liquid crystal embedded in a polymer matrix or an organic layer containing a polymer having desired barrier properties. Possible polymers for such organic layers include, for example, PVdC, COC, EVOH.

[0141] Substrate: The luminescent component 4 may optionally include the substrate 3. Such substrates are known in the art and examples of such substrates include flat substrates (Figures 2, 3A) particularly suitable for films and matrices (outlined below), and structured substrates (Figure 3B) particularly suitable for pixels (outlined below).

[0142] Structure: The luminescent component can exist in various structures such as a film (see FIG. 2), a pixel (see FIG. 3), and a matrix (see FIG. 4). To achieve advantageous effects, especially stability against temperature and humidity, the second element at least partially covers the first element, thereby sealing the first element. This measure suppresses or avoids direct contact of the first element with the environment. Depending on the structure of the component and the device, a selected surface of the first element is covered by the second element. For example, one surface (e.g., the upper surface of a pixel-like structure) is covered. Alternatively, two surfaces (e.g., both sides of a film-like structure) are covered. Therefore, the expression "at least partially covers" refers to at least 50% up to 100% of the surface of the first element. Advantageously, the second element is in direct contact with the first element to achieve a sealing effect.

[0143] In one embodiment, the luminescent component is configured such that the second element covers >50%, preferably >70%, preferably >90%, most preferably >99% of the entire surface of the first element (or, if more than one element is present, a plurality of first elements). To further illustrate this situation based on FIG. 2A, assume a luminescent component (4) in the form of a 10 cm × 10 cm film where the first element (1) as a single layer with a thickness of 100 μm is sandwiched between two second elements (2) at its surface. Such a second element covers 99.8% of the first element, and 0.2% remains uncovered (at the edges).

[0144] In one embodiment, the luminescent component can have the form of a film, i.e., a film having a length and a width that exceed the thickness of the luminescent component, preferably a length and a width that are at least 10 times the thickness. The thickness of this film or layer can take various values over a wide range, but is typically 1 to 500 microns. In one embodiment, the luminescent component as described in the present disclosure is in the form of a film, and the film includes the following layer structure: ·Layer of the first element - layer of the second element (i.e., P1 is covered by P2 on one side); or ·Layer of the second element - layer of the first element - layer of the second element (i.e., P1 is covered by P2 on both sides); or ·Barrier layer (5) - layer of the second element - layer of the first element - layer of the second element - barrier layer (5) (i.e., P1 is covered by P2 on both sides and further protected by the barrier layer on both sides). ·Barrier layer (5) - layer of the first element embedded in the second element - barrier layer (5) (i.e., P1 is completely covered by P2 and further protected by the barrier layer on both sides).

[0145] In one embodiment of the film - shaped component, the first element is not covered by the second element at the end of the film (the first element is exposed to air).

[0146] Such a film is particularly useful as a QD backlight film or a down - conversion film in an LCD display.

[0147] In one embodiment, the thickness of the second element of the film - shaped component is >1 μm, preferably >10 μm, preferably >30 μm, preferably >50 μm, most preferably >100 μm.

[0148] In one embodiment, the second element of the film - shaped component contains 0.1 - 30% by mass of scattering particles.

[0149] In one embodiment, the luminescent component can have the form of pixels, in particular, ·One or more first elements (1) are arranged on a substrate (3) and covered by one layer containing the second element (2); or ·One layer containing the first element (1) is arranged on a substrate (3) and coated by one layer containing the second element (2).

[0150] In one embodiment, the luminescent component can have a matrix form in which a plurality of first elements (1) are dispersed in a matrix and completely covered by a second element (2). It is preferable that the average diameter of the first element is 1 μm to 500 μm, preferably 5 μm to 100 μm. Preferably, the second element completely encloses the first element.

[0151] Component 4 of the present invention exhibits good stability. Embodiments of this component 4 show improved thermal stability, for example, at 90 °C / ambient humidity (i.e., <5% r.h.), and improved blue light irradiation stability, for example, at 280 mW / cm 2 (wavelength 460 nm). Embodiments of this component 4 show improved stability against moisture, for example, at 60 °C / 90% r.h., and improved blue light irradiation stability, for example, at 280 mW / cm 2 (wavelength 460 nm).

[0152] Embodiments of this component 4 preferably show a quantum yield of >60%, preferably >80%, most preferably >90% when excited by blue light. Furthermore, by material selection, crystal size, and thorough coating of the first LC, a sharp distribution can be achieved in the emitted light, and as a result, the quality of the resulting emitted light is excellent. Preferably, the FWHM (full width at half maximum) for the visible emission of the solid polymer composition of each of the above elements is <50 nm, preferably <40 nm, most preferably <30 nm. For example, a FWHM of 23 nm can be observed for the emission peak at 525 nm, and at the same time, a high luminescence quantum yield of, for example, 86% is measured for the component (Example 4).

[0153] Embodiments of this component 4 of the present invention comply with the RoHS ("Restriction of Hazardous Substances") directive by the European Union. At the time of filing of this patent application, the applicable directive 2011 / 65 / EU generally restricted the use of the following elements: lead (Pb) <1000 ppm by mass, mercury (Hg) <1000 ppm, cadmium (Cd) <100 ppm, hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+)< 1000 ppm, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) < 1000 ppm, polybrominated diphenyl ethers < 1000 ppm. On the other hand, this is achieved by selecting a Cd-free material that still provides excellent quantum yield / performance. The limit for Pb according to RoHS Directive version 2 (2011 / 65 / EU) is less than 1000 ppm, which is achieved for the entire component itself. Preferably, the total Pb concentration in the first and second elements of this embodiment is less than 1000 ppm, more preferably 30 ppm or more and less than 1000 ppm, and most preferably 100 ppm or more and less than 900 ppm. In another preferred embodiment, the total Pb concentration for the first element of this embodiment is less than 1000 ppm, more preferably 30 ppm or more and less than 1000 ppm, and most preferably 100 ppm or more and less than 900 ppm. By selecting appropriate concentrations for the first luminescent crystal and, according to some, the second or third luminescent crystal, preferably by selecting appropriate concentrations for the elements in the component, RoHS compliance can be achieved. The concentrations of interest can be measured by MS or XRF measurements.

[0154] In summary, the observation of advantageous properties such as high quantum yield, RoHS compliance, stable peak position and narrow FWHM in the emission spectrum, and high stability against temperature, humidity and blue light irradiation represents the main achievements of the present invention over the prior art.

[0155] Regarding further specifying the optical properties, the luminescent component preferably has a haze of 10 - 95%, more preferably 80 - 95%. The haze can be introduced by scattering particles with a size of 100 - 1000 nm and RI > 2.0, or by a micro-structure or micro-crystalline polymer structure, or by a second luminescent crystal of micro-size, or by the element itself.

[0156] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a light-emitting device is provided. The luminescent component is preferably a semi-finished product that is assembled with other components into a light-emitting device, such as a display or a lighting device. Therefore, the light-emitting device includes a luminescent component according to any of the above embodiments and a light source for emitting blue light. The light source is arranged to excite the luminescent component. Therefore, the light source is optically in communication with the luminescent component. Blue light is considered to have a wavelength in the range of 400 to 490 nm. Therefore, the device is configured to emit light having a wavelength determined by the luminescent crystal of the luminescent component.

[0157] In an embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting device described in the present disclosure is selected from the group consisting of a display, particularly a liquid crystal display, an OLED display, a QLED display (electroluminescent), a micro-LED display; and a lighting device, particularly an LED, an OLED, a QLED. Therefore, as part of an LCD, an OLED, an LED, or a micro-LED, the component can contribute to such a display (e.g., a display of a mobile or stationary computer, a communication or television device) or such a lighting device.

[0158] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the light source is an OLED stack. In this case, the luminescent component is preferably arranged to cover the entire OLED stack or at least a part thereof.

[0159] According to another aspect of the present invention, any of the luminescent components of the above embodiments is used as a backlight, particularly in a liquid crystal display, in order to emit white light in response to the luminescent component being exposed to blue light. For this purpose, a blue light source may be provided in the device to excite the luminescent reaction in the luminescent component. When the luminescent component includes a first element that emits green light and a second element that emits red light, in combination with the blue light emission of the light source, the luminescent component emits white light as a combination of the emission of red and green light in response to the excitation of the luminescent crystals in the first and second elements, respectively, and the transmission of the blue light derived from the light source also used to excite the first and second elements. The intensity ratios of the emitted red, green, and blue light are preferably within the range of 1 / 3 each.

[0160] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a luminescent component and a light-emitting device is provided. Such manufacturing conforms to known production methods for films or pixels. For example, coating methods and printing techniques are suitable. It is considered advantageous that known manufacturing equipment can be used to produce the luminescent component and the lighting device of the present invention. Generally speaking, the manufacturing includes (i) preparing the first element, curing it, and then coating / printing and curing the first element together with the second element, or (ii) preparing the second element, curing it, and then coating / printing and curing the second element together with the first element.

[0161] In one embodiment (Method A), the method for manufacturing the luminescent component 4 is · a step of preparing a substrate that may optionally be coated with one or more layers; · applying to the substrate a first liquid polymer composition containing a monomer or oligomer of a first polymer P1, a first luminescent crystal 11, optionally a solvent, optionally a further material, and optionally a third luminescent crystal 13; ·Optionally, heating the first polymer composition of the liquid at a high temperature to remove the volatile solvent; ·Curing the first liquid polymer composition to obtain a first element; ·Applying a second liquid polymer composition comprising a monomer or oligomer of a second polymer P2, optionally a second luminescent crystal 12, optionally a solvent, and optionally a further material, to the cured surface of the thus obtained first element; ·Optionally, heating the second polymer composition of the liquid at a high temperature to remove the volatile solvent; ·Curing the second polymer composition of the liquid to obtain a second element covering the first element and thereby sealing the first element; ·Optionally, applying a further coating or finishing step; including.

[0162] According to this embodiment, the first element is first manufactured, and then the second element is manufactured to obtain a luminescent component.

[0163] In one embodiment (Method B), the method for manufacturing the luminescent component 4 is ·Preparing a substrate that may optionally be coated with one or more layers; ·Applying the second liquid polymer composition as defined above to the substrate; ·Optionally, heating the second polymer composition of the liquid at a high temperature to remove the volatile solvent; ·Curing the second polymer composition to obtain a second element; ·Applying the first liquid polymer composition as defined above to the cured surface of the thus obtained second element; ·Optionally, heating the first polymer composition of the liquid at a high temperature to remove the volatile solvent; ·Curing the first polymer composition of the liquid to obtain a first element covered and thereby sealed by the second element on its lower surface; ·Optionally, applying a further coating or finishing step; comprises.

[0164] According to this embodiment, the second element is first manufactured, and then the first element is manufactured, obtaining a luminescent component.

[0165] In one embodiment (Method C), the method for manufacturing the luminescent component 4 comprises ·Providing two substrates each coated with one layer of the second element; ·Laminating one layer of the first element with these coated substrates; comprises.

[0166] According to this embodiment, the first element is sandwiched between two second elements.

[0167] In one embodiment (Method D), the method for manufacturing the luminescent component 4 comprises ·Taking the first liquid polymer composition as defined above, a) obtaining a plurality of first elements (1) from the first liquid polymer composition by either spray drying or precipitation, or b) curing the first liquid polymer composition to form a first solid polymer composition and pulverizing the first solid polymer composition to obtain a plurality of first elements (1), by one of the above; ·Mixing the thus obtained first elements (1) into the second liquid polymer composition as defined above; ·Providing a substrate which may optionally be coated with one or more layers; ·Applying the second liquid polymer composition containing the first element (1) to the substrate; ·Optionally, heating the liquid second polymer composition at a high temperature to remove the volatile solvent; ·Curing the liquid second polymer composition to obtain a second element covering the first element and thereby sealing the first element; · Optionally, applying a further coating or finishing step; comprises.

[0168] According to this embodiment, a component 4 as shown in FIG. 4 is obtained.

[0169] Individual steps such as application (e.g., coating, printing), polymerization (e.g., radiation polymerization, thermal polymerization, catalytic polymerization), finishing (e.g., coating with a further layer), etc. are known per se but have not yet been applied to the specific starting materials used in the present disclosure.

[0170] The above-described first liquid polymer composition (comprising a monomer or oligomer of the first polymer P1, the first luminescent crystal 11, optionally a solvent, optionally a further material, and optionally a third luminescent crystal 13) can be prepared by combining a pre-concentrate containing the luminescent crystal with a composition containing the monomer or oligomer of the first polymer P1. Such a pre-concentrate preferably contains a further material selected from the group of surfactants, dispersants, and ligands. Such a pre-concentrate is also an object of the present invention.

Examples

[0171] To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided. These examples are provided without the intention of limiting the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all chemical substances were purchased from Aldrich.

[0172] Examples 1-4: Synthesis of luminescent components according to the present invention (completely covered P1 in P2, see FIG. 2D. Examples 1, 2, and 3 are for comparison, and Example 4 is according to the present invention.)

[0173] Ink formation: Formamidinium lead tribromide (FAPbBr3) was synthesized by milling PbBr2 and FABr. That is, 16 mmol of PbBr2 (5.87 g, 98%, ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany) and 16 mmol of FABr (2.00 g, Greatcell Solar Materials, Queanbeyan, Australia) were milled with yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads (diameter 5 mm) for 6 hours to obtain pure cubic FAPbBr3 (confirmed by XRD). The orange FAPbBr3 powder was added to oleylamine (80 - 90, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) (mass ratio of FAPbBr3:oleylamine = 100:15) and toluene (>99.5%, puriss, Sigma Aldrich). The final concentration of FAPbBr3 was 1 wt%. Next, the mixture was dispersed by ball milling for 1 hour using yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads with a diameter of 200 μm under ambient conditions (unless otherwise defined, ambient conditions are 35 °C, 1 atm, in air for all experiments) to obtain a green ink.

[0174] Film formation: In the case of the first film (P1 - glass), 0.1 g of the above - mentioned green ink was mixed with a UV - curable monomer / cross - linker mixture (0.7 g, FA - 513AS, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.3 g of Miramer M240, Miwon, Korea) containing 1 mass% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6 - trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TCI Europe, Netherlands) using a speed mixer, and toluene was evaporated at room temperature under vacuum (<0.01 mbar). The resulting mixture was cured in UV (UVAcube100, Hoenle, Germany equipped with a mercury lamp and a quartz filter) for 60 seconds between two glass slides (18×18 mm) with a thickness of about 100 μm. The second film (P2 - glass) was prepared in the same manner as above using 0.1 g of green ink and a UV - curable monomer / cross - linker mixture (0.7 g, FA - DCPA, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.3 g of FA - 320M, Hitachi Chemical, Japan) containing 1 mass% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6 - trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide. The third film (P1 / P1 - glass) was prepared by making the film as described above for the first film, but by peeling the film from two glass slides. This self - standing film was then coated and cured between two glass slides in the same matrix as above containing 1 mass% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6 - trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (0.7 g, FA - 513AS, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.3 g of Miramer M240, Miwon, Korea). The fourth film (P1 / P2 - glass) was prepared by making the film as described above for the first film, but by peeling the film from two glass slides. This self - standing film was then coated and cured between two glass slides in a different matrix containing 1 mass% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6 - trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (0.7 g, FA - DCPA, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.3 g of FA - 320M, Hitachi Chemical, Japan) as described above.The third and fourth films were coated so that the matrix completely covered the self-supporting film.

[0175] Analysis: Table 1 shows the initial obtained and the optical properties of the films after degradation when the samples were subjected to a high-temperature test (90 °C / dry) (i.e., ambient humidity, relative humidity of about 2%), a high-temperature / high-humidity test (60 °C / 90% rH), and a high-light beam test (blue LED light, 460 nm blue emission, 280 mW / cm 2 , 50 °C, LEDcube100, Hoenle, Germany) for 150 hours. The light intensity was measured with a UV meter (Hoenle, Germany) equipped with a VIS region sensor. The optical properties resulting from the films were measured with a spectrofluorometer equipped with an integrating sphere (Quantaurus absolute PL quantum yield measurement system C1134711, Hamamatsu).

[0176]

Table 1

[0177] Conclusion: These results show that the luminescent components (Example 4) as described in the present invention maintain excellent initial properties and high optical performance after accelerated degradation under all test conditions (Figure 5). Since Example 1 and Example 3 showed inferior performance after degradation at 90 °C / dry and 60 °C / 90% rH, and Example 2 showed inferior performance after degradation under high light beam, these components are not suitable for applications such as TVs.

[0178] Examples 5 - 6: Synthesis of luminescent components according to the present invention (completely covered P1 pieces in P2, see Figure 4. Example 5 is for comparison, Example 6 is according to the present invention.)

[0179] Ink formation: The ink was prepared as described in Examples 1 - 4.

[0180] Film formation: The first film (P1-glass) was fabricated in the same manner as the first film in Example 1. The second film (P1 / P2-glass) was fabricated by fabricating the film as described above for the first film. Next, this film was peeled off from two glass slides and cut into small pieces with a size of approximately 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 0.1 mm. These P1 pieces were then mass-mixed in a matrix containing 1 mass% photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (0.7 g, FA-DCPA, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.3 g of FA-320M, Hitachi Chemical, Japan) at a mass ratio of 1:3 (P1 piece: matrix), and then coated and cured as described above. The second film was coated so that the matrix completely covered the P1 pieces.

[0181] Analysis: Table 2 shows the optical properties of the obtained initial and degraded films when the samples were subjected to a high-temperature test (90 °C / dry) (i.e., ambient humidity, relative humidity of approximately 2%), a high-temperature / high-humidity test (60 °C / 90 rH), and a high-light beam test (blue LED light, 460 nm blue emission, 350 mW / cm 2 , 50 °C, LEDcube100, Hoenle, Germany) for 150 hours. The light intensity was measured with a UV meter (Hoenle, Germany) equipped with a VIS region sensor. The optical properties resulting from the films were measured with a spectrofluorometer equipped with an integrating sphere (Quantaurus absolute PL quantum yield measurement system C1134711, Hamamatsu).

[0182]

Table 2

[0183] Conclusion: These results indicate that the luminescent components (Example 6) as described in the present invention maintain excellent initial characteristics and high optical performance after accelerated degradation under all test conditions (Figure 6). Since Example 1 and Example 3 showed inferior performance after degradation at 90 °C / dry and 60 °C / 90% rH, and Example 5 showed inferior performance after degradation at 90 °C / dry, this component is not suitable for applications such as TVs.

[0184] Examples 7 - 10: Synthesis of luminescent components according to the present invention (see partially covered P1 in P2, Figures 2A, 2B, 2C). Examples 7, 8, and 9 are for comparison, and Example 10 is according to the present invention.

[0185] Ink formation: The ink was prepared as described in Examples 1 - 4.

[0186] Film formation: For the first film (P1 - barrier), 0.3 g of the green ink from Examples 5 - 6 was mixed with a UV - curable monomer / cross - linker mixture (2.1 g, FA - 513AS, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.9 g of Miramer M240, Miwon, Korea) containing 1 wt% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6 - trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TCI Europe, Netherlands) with a speed mixer, and toluene was evaporated at room temperature under vacuum (<0.01 mbar). The resulting mixture was coated at a thickness of 100 μm between two barrier films (TBF1004, i - components, Korea). According to the manufacturer's inspection report, this barrier film showed a WVTR (Mocon test) of 0.022 g / (m 2 ·day). Curing was carried out with a UV belt (BE20 / 120W / II, Beltron, Germany) equipped with two mercury lamps and quartz filters. The curing conditions were a lamp intensity of 31% and a line speed of 4.1 m / min for both lamps, resulting in a UV energy of approximately 850 mJ / cm 2 when measured by a UV integrator type D (Beltron, Germany).

[0187] The second film (P2-barrier) was prepared in the same manner as above using 0.3 g of green ink and a UV curable monomer / crosslinker mixture (2.1 g, FA-DCPA, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.9 g of FA-320M, Hitachi Chemical, Japan) containing 1 mass% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide. The coating thickness was 100 μm, and the curing conditions were a lamp intensity of 75% and a line speed of 5 m / min for both lamps, providing a UV energy of about 1700 mJ / cm 2 of UV energy.

[0188] The third film (P1 / P1-barrier) was first overcoated with a 30-μm layer of a UV curable monomer / crosslinker mixture (2.1 g, FA-DCPA, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.9 g of Miramer M240, Miwon, Korea) containing 1 mass% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TCI Europe, Netherlands) on two separate barrier films (TBF1004, i-components, Korea). The overcoat was covered with cellulose acetate viewing foil, and then cured using a UV belt at a lamp intensity of 31% and a line speed of 8.2 m / min for both lamps, providing a UV energy of about 425 mJ / cm 2 of UV energy. Next, 0.3 g of green ink was mixed with a UV curable monomer / crosslinker mixture (2.1 g, FA-513AS, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.9 g of Miramer M240, Miwon, Korea) containing 1 mass% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, and toluene was evaporated as described above. This mixture was coated (thickness 100 μm) between the two overcoated barrier films and cured at a lamp intensity of 31% and a line speed of 1.0 m / min for both lamps, providing a UV energy of about 3400 mJ / cm 2 of UV energy.

[0189] The fourth film (P2 / P1-barrier) was prepared by first coating a 30-μm overcoat on two barrier films (TBF1004, i-components, Korea) with a UV-curable monomer / crosslinker mixture (2.1 g, FA-DCPA, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.9 g of FA-320M, Hitachi Chemical, Japan) containing 1% by mass of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TCI Europe, Netherlands). The overcoat was covered with cellulose acetate viewfoil, and then cured using a UV belt at a lamp intensity of 31% and a line speed of 8.2 m / min for both lamps, providing a UV energy of about 425 mJ / cm 2 Next, 0.3 g of green ink was mixed with a UV-curable monomer / crosslinker mixture (2.1 g, FA-513AS, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.9 g of Miramer M240, Miwon, Korea) containing 1% by mass of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, and toluene was evaporated as described above. This mixture was coated (thickness 100 μm) between two overcoated barrier films and cured at a lamp intensity of 31% and a line speed of 1.0 m / min for both lamps, providing a UV energy of about 3400 mJ / cm 2 Samples of size 3 cm × 3 cm were cut out from all four films and tested for degradation. By cutting samples from the third film (P1 / P1-barrier) and the fourth film (P2 / P1-barrier), the P1 layer containing LC was exposed to the environment at the cut surface.

[0190] Analysis: Table 3 shows the initial obtained and the samples after high-temperature testing (90 °C / dry) (i.e., ambient humidity, relative humidity of about 2%), high-temperature / high-humidity testing (60 °C / 95% rH) and high-light beam testing (blue LED light, 460 nm blue emission, 280 mW / cm 2It shows the optical properties of the film after degradation when it was exposed to 50℃, LED cube 100, Hoenle, Germany for 500 hours. The light intensity was measured by a UV meter (Hoenle, Germany) equipped with a VIS region sensor. The film performance was obtained by placing the sample on a magenta backlight unit and measuring the optical properties with a spectroradiometer (CS-2000, Konica Minolta).

[0191]

Table 3

[0192] T g Analysis: The glass transition temperature of the elements of the luminescent component as described in the present invention was determined by DSC in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-2:2014-07 in a nitrogen atmosphere (20 ml / min) with a starting temperature of -90 °C, an end temperature of 250 °C, and a heating rate of 20 K / min. The purge gas was nitrogen (5.0) at 20 ml / min. A DSC system DSC 204 F1 Phoenix (Netzsch) was used. The Tg was determined in the second heating cycle (the first heating from -90 °C to 250 °C showed an overlay effect in addition to the glass transition). The first sample (P1+LC) was prepared by mixing 0.3 g of the green ink from Examples 1 to 4 with a UV-curable monomer / crosslinker mixture (2.1 g, FA-513AS, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.9 g of Miramer M240, Miwon, Korea) containing 1 mass% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TCI Europe, Netherlands) using a speed mixer, and then evaporating toluene at room temperature under vacuum (<0.01 mbar) in the same manner as the above film from Example 7. The resulting mixture was coated to a thickness of 30 - 40 μm between two 100 μm cellulose acetate view foils. Curing was carried out with a UV belt (BE20 / 120W / II, Beltron, Germany) equipped with two mercury lamps and quartz filters. The curing conditions were a lamp intensity of 31% and a line speed of 1.0 m / min for both lamps, and approximately 3400 mJ / cm as measured by a UV integrator type D (Beltron, Germany). 2which provided the UV energy. The first sample (P2) was prepared in the same manner as the film from Example 10 by mixing a UV curable monomer / crosslinker mixture (2.1 g, FA-DCPA, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.9 g of FA-320M, Hitachi Chemical, Japan) containing 1 mass% of the photoinitiator diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TCI Europe, Netherlands) with a speed mixer. The resulting mixture was coated at a thickness of 30 - 40 μm between two 100 μm cellulose acetate view foils. Curing was carried out with a UV belt (BE20 / 120W / II, Beltron, Germany) equipped with two mercury lamps and quartz filters. The curing conditions were a lamp intensity of 31% and a line speed of 1.0 m / min (about 3400 mJ / cm 2 of UV energy) for both lamps. For both sample (P1+LC) and sample (P2), the view foils were removed and the remaining films were subjected to Tg analysis twice. The Tg for (P1+LC) was 77 °C and 74 °C, while for (P2), the Tg was 143 °C and 142 °C.

[0193] Conclusion: These results show that the luminescent component (Example 10) as described in the present invention maintains excellent initial properties and high optical performance after accelerated degradation under all test conditions (Figure 7). Example 7 showed inferior performance after degradation at 90 °C / dry and 60 °C / 90% rH, Example 8 showed considerably inferior performance after degradation at high light flux, while Example 9 showed significant degradation at 90 °C / dry, so these film systems are not suitable for applications such as TVs. Some embodiments of the invention related to the present invention are shown below. [Embodiment 1] Use of a polymer (P2) in a luminescent component (4), · The polymer (P2) is selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polymers with Tg > 115°C, · The luminescent component includes luminescent crystals (11) having a perovskite crystal structure embedded in a polymer (P1) with Tg < 95°C, wherein each Tg is determined according to DIN EN ISO 11357-2:2014-07 by applying a heating rate of 20 K / min starting from -90°C up to a maximum of 250°C during the second heating cycle, for the use of the polymer (P2) in the luminescent component (4). [Embodiment 2] A luminescent component (4) including a first element (1) and a second element (2), · The first element (1) includes a first solid polymer composition, and the first polymer composition includes first luminescent crystals (11) embedded in a first polymer (P1), wherein, · The first luminescent crystals have a perovskite crystal structure and emit light of a first wavelength in response to excitation by light of a wavelength shorter than the first wavelength, · The first polymer (P1) is selected from the group consisting of polymers with Tg < 95°C, · The second element (2) includes a second solid polymer composition, and the second polymer composition may optionally include second luminescent crystals (12) embedded in a second polymer (P2), wherein, · The optional second luminescent crystals (12) are different from the first luminescent crystals (11) and emit light of a second wavelength in response to excitation by light of a wavelength shorter than the second wavelength, · The second polymer (P2) is selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polymers with Tg > 115°C, The second element at least partially covers the first element, thereby sealing the first element, The Tg is determined as defined in Embodiment 1, for the luminescent component (4). [Embodiment 3] P1 and / or P2 has the following parameters: · For P1, the total molar ratio of (oxygen + nitrogen + sulfur + phosphorus + fluorine + chlorine + bromine + iodine) to carbon is < 0.9, preferably < 0.4, preferably < 0.3, and most preferably < 0.25; ·P2 has a total molar ratio of (oxygen + nitrogen + sulfur + phosphorus + fluorine + chlorine + bromine + iodine) to carbon of <0.9, preferably <0.4, preferably <0.3, and most preferably <0.20; ·The WVTR of P1 is <1 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day), preferably <0.5 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day), and most preferably <0.2 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day); ·The WVTR of P2 is <1 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day), preferably <0.5 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day), and most preferably <0.2 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day); ·The OTR of P1 is >1 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), preferably >5 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), preferably >25 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), and most preferably >125 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm); ·The OTR of P2 is <50 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), preferably <10 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), preferably <5 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm), and most preferably <1 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m2 ·day·atm); ·The light transmittance of P1 and P2 is >70%, preferably >80%, and most preferably >90% at a thickness of 100 μm; ·The first polymer (P1) is not soluble in the second polymer (P2), and vice versa; The luminescent component according to aspect 2, which complies with one or more of the following. [Aspect 4] The luminescent component according to aspect 2 or 3, wherein the first polymer (P1) is selected from the group consisting of acrylate polymers, and the second polymer (P2) is preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylate polymers. [Aspect 5] The luminescent component according to any one of aspects 2 to 4, wherein the first polymer (P1) contains repeating units of formula (III) and (V), and / or the second polymer (P2) contains repeating units of formula (VI) and optionally repeating units of formula (III):

Chem.

Chem.

Chem.

Explanation of Symbols

[0194] P1 First polymer P2 Second polymer 1 First element 2 Second element 11 First luminescent crystal 12 Second luminescent crystal 13 Third luminescent crystal 3, 31, 32 Substrate 4 Luminescent component 5, 51, 52 Protective layer

Claims

1. A luminescent component (4) comprising a first element (1) and a second element (2), wherein (a) the luminescent component (4) is in the form of a film, and the film has the following layer structure: ・ A layer of the first element (1) - a layer of the second element (2); or ・ A layer of the second element (2) - a layer of the first element (1) - a layer of the second element (2); or ・ A protective layer (5) - a layer of the second element (2) - a layer of the first element (1) - a layer of the second element (2) - a protective layer (5); or (b) one or more of the first elements (1) are disposed on a substrate (3) and covered by a layer containing the second element (2), or (c) a layer containing the first element (1) is disposed on the substrate (3) and coated by a layer containing the second element (2), or (d) a plurality of the first elements (1) are dispersed in a matrix and completely covered by the second element (2), wherein the first element (1) comprises a first solid polymer composition, and the first solid polymer composition comprises a first luminescent crystal (11) embedded in a first polymer (P1), where ・ The first luminescent crystal (11) has a perovskite crystal structure and emits light of a first wavelength in response to excitation by light of a wavelength shorter than the first wavelength, ・ The first polymer (P1) is selected from the group consisting of crosslinked acrylate polymers containing repeating units of formula (III) and repeating units of formula (V): 【Chemical 1】 (wherein, R 9 represents H or CH ３ and) R 10 represents a cyclic, linear or branched C 1-25 alkyl, or a C 6-26 aryl group, and n represents 0 or 1, X represents a spacer selected from the group consisting of alkoxylates containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 oxygen atoms.); 【Chemical Formula 2】 (In the formula, R 21 independently represents H or CH 3 ; R 23 represents a cyclic, linear or branched C 1-25 alkyl, or a C 6-26 aryl group, and these cyclic, linear or branched C 1-25 alkyl, and C 6-26 aryl groups may each optionally be substituted by one or more cyclic, linear or branched C 1-20 alkyl, phenyl or phenoxy; X 22 represents a spacer independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxylates, and both substituents X 22 collectively contain 8 to 40 carbon atoms and 2 to 20 oxygen atoms. The second element (2) comprises a second solid polymer composition, and the second solid polymer composition may optionally contain a second luminescent crystal (12) embedded in a second polymer (P2), where ・ The optional second luminescent crystal (12) is different from the first luminescent crystal (11) and emits light of a second wavelength in response to excitation by light of a wavelength shorter than the second wavelength, ・ The second polymer (P2) is a group consisting of a combination of a monofunctional acrylate of formula (III) and a difunctional acrylate of formula (VI) or a trifunctional acrylate or a pentafunctional acrylate defined below, or A group consisting of a bifunctional acrylate of formula (VI), selected from the group consisting of crosslinked acrylate polymers containing repeating units selected from - Formula (III) is as follows: [Chemical Formula 3] (wherein R 9 , X and n are as defined above, R 10 represents a cyclic alkyl group of C 5-25 , and the cyclic alkyl group of said C 5-25 is optionally substituted by one or more cyclic, straight-chain or branched C 1-20 alkyl, phenyl or phenoxy.)); - Formula (VI) is as follows: 【Chemical Formula 4】 (wherein, R 31 independently of one another represents H or CH 3 ; R 33 represents a cyclic C 5-25 alkyl, or a C 6-26 aryl group, each of which may optionally be substituted by one or more cyclic, straight-chain or branched C 1-20 alkyl, phenyl or phenoxy; X 32 are independent of each other, absent, or represent a spacer from the group consisting of alkoxylates, and both substituents X 32 collectively contain from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and from 1 to 8 oxygen atoms, R 33 represents a cyclic C 5-25 alkyl, or a C 6-26 aryl group, each of which may optionally be substituted by one or more cyclic, straight-chain or branched C 1-20 alkyl, phenyl or phenoxy.)); - The trifunctional acrylate is tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate; - The pentafunctional acrylate is dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate; The first polymer (P1) and the second polymer (P2) are different from each other, the polymer (P1) has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of Tg < 95°C, and the polymer (P2) has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of Tg > 115°C, a luminescent component (4). **Claim 2** The first polymer (P1) and / or the second polymer (P2) has the following parameters: - For the first polymer (P1), the total molar ratio of (oxygen + nitrogen + sulfur + phosphorus + fluorine + chlorine + bromine + iodine) to carbon is < 0.9; - For the second polymer (P2), the total molar ratio of (oxygen + nitrogen + sulfur + phosphorus + fluorine + chlorine + bromine + iodine) to carbon is < 0.9; - The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the first polymer (P1) is < 1 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day); - The WVTR of the second polymer (P2) is < 1 (g·mm) / (m 2 ·day); ・The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the first polymer (P1) is > 1 (cm 3 ・mm) / (m 2 ・day・atm); - The OTR of the second polymer (P2) is < 50 (cm 3 ·mm) / (m 2 ·day·atm); - The light transmittance of the first polymer (P1) and the second polymer (P2) is > 70% at a thickness of 100 μm; - The first polymer (P1) has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 50°C < Tg < 95°C; - The second polymer (P2) has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of Tg > 130°C; - The first polymer (P1) is not soluble in the second polymer (P2), and vice versa; The luminescent component (4) according to claim 1, which complies with one or more of the above. **Claim 3** The luminescent component (4) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first polymer (P1) is selected from the group consisting of crosslinked acrylate polymers and further contains a cyclic monoacrylate. **Claim 4** The first luminescent crystal (11) has the formula (I): [M 1 A 1 a M 2 b X c (I)​ (wherein, A 1 represents one or more organic cations, M 1 represents one or more alkali metals, M 2 represents one or more metals other than M 1 and X represents one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides and sulfides, a represents 1 to 4, b represents 1 to 2, c represents 3 to 9, M 1 or A 1 either, or M 1 and A 1 exists.) selected from the compounds of and / or the first luminescent crystal (11) has a size of 3 to 100 nm. The luminescent component (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The luminescent component (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein no second luminescent crystal (12) is present.

6. The luminescent component (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a third luminescent crystal (13) selected from one or more of perovskite crystals, core-shell QDs, and micron-sized phosphors.

7. The luminescent component (4) according to claim 1, wherein the film is a QD backlight film or a down-conversion film.

8. The protective layer is - glass; - a polymer having moisture barrier properties; - a polymer having oxygen barrier properties; - a polymer coated with an oxide layer; The luminescent component (4) according to claim 1, selected from the group consisting of.

9. The polymer coated with the oxide layer is PET coated with SiO x or AlO x The luminescent component (4) according to claim 8, which is PET coated with the same.

10. - the luminescent component (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 9; and - a light source for emitting blue light, comprising A light-emitting device, wherein the light source is arranged to excite the luminescent component (4).

11. - a display, particularly a liquid crystal display, an OLED display, a QLED display, a micro LED display; and - a lighting device, particularly an LED, an OLED, a QLED; The light-emitting device according to claim 10, selected from the group consisting of.

12. Use of the luminescent component (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for emitting white light in response to the luminescent component (4) being exposed to blue light, particularly as a backlight in a liquid crystal display.

13. A method for manufacturing the luminescent component (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: - Method A - - preparing a substrate optionally coated with one or more layers; - applying to the substrate a first liquid polymer composition comprising a monomer or oligomer of a first polymer P1, a first luminescent crystal 11, optionally a solvent, optionally a further material, and optionally a third luminescent crystal 13; - optionally heating the first liquid polymer composition at a high temperature to remove volatile solvents; - curing the first liquid polymer composition to obtain a first element; - Applying to the thus obtained cured surface of the first element a second liquid polymer composition comprising a monomer or oligomer of the second polymer P2, optionally a second luminescent crystal 12, optionally a solvent, and optionally a further material; - Optionally, heating the second liquid polymer composition at an elevated temperature to remove volatile solvents; - Curing the second liquid polymer composition to obtain a second element covering the first element and thereby encapsulating the first element; - Optionally, applying a further coating or finishing step; or - Method C - - Providing two substrates each coated with one layer of a second element; - Laminating one layer of the first element with these coated substrates.

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