Engine that burns brown gas

Abstract

[Problem] 1. A measure capable of reducing the discharge of carbon dioxide causing global warming. 2. A measure described in item 1 for an engine that combusts HHO gas (Brown's gas). 3. A configuration in which the structure of item 2 are developed for an aircraft, a vessel, or a rocket. 4. A self-fueled configuration mounted to the abovementioned Brown's gas (HOH gas) engine. 5. A structure of a stationary form (e.g., power plant, factory, tracked vehicle, or vessel) of the abovementioned engine. 6. A simple excavator for deep sea minerals (rare metal including zinc, lead, gold, copper, and cobalt).　The present invention addresses the problem of solving the abovementioned problems. [Solution] 1. A carbonless engine is provided with the feature of combusting Brown's gas and jetting a reaction flow generated by the combustion, and enables the production of electricity, the production of a drive force, and the production of Brown's gas by using the jet force of the reaction flow directly as a propulsive force or by receiving the jet force of a jet flow collected by a combustion chamber provided for collecting the jet flow. The engine is further provided with a hydrogen-oxygen generation device using a radiation catalyst and a thermomagnetic generator. Selected drawing: FIG. 3

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an engine that does not emit carbon dioxide, which is configured to use combustion gas of the engine as hydrogen and oxygen or as hydrogen oxygen (Brown's gas).

Background Art

[0002] · In the technology related to engines that burn hydrogen and oxygen, the use of oxygen from sources other than oxygen in the air exists as a technology but has not been popularized on an implementation basis. · The technology related to engines that burn only HOH gas in engines that do not emit nitrogen NOx and carbon dioxide CO2 has not been popularized.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

[0004]

Patent Document 2

[0005]

Patent Document 3

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] 1. Invent a measure to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide that causes global warming. 2. Invent a simpler structure than the above WO2019 / 130619. 3. Invent a measure to emit no carbon dioxide with a configuration having an engine such as a diesel engine DY, a reciprocating engine RS, or a rotary engine RE with hydrogen and oxygen as the fuel of currently circulating engines as the main structure. 4. Invent an engine that burns hydrogen-oxygen gas (Brown's gas = HOH gas). 5. Invent the structure of the stationary form (power plant, factory, rail vehicle, ship, etc.) of the above engine. 6. Invent a simple excavator for deep-sea minerals (rare metals such as zinc, lead, gold, copper, and cobalt).

Means for Solving the Problem

[0007] The first invention is an engine that burns HOH gas (Brown's gas), and the engine includes: HOH gas supply means BS that supplies HOH gas to a combustion nozzle BN; ignition means Bp that ignites the supplied HOH gas is provided , burns the HOH gas by the ignition means Bp to Flame BF generate, and water supply means WS that supplies water to be injected into the To the flame BF ; injects the supplied water into the Flame BF to generate a reaction flame flow BFa; and has a heat-resistant structure part that protects the ignition source of the above A plurality of water injection nozzles are provided and water is injected from the nozzles into the flame BF, and the injected water is in a form that crosses in the flame BF (the ignition source structure part is Flame BF configured as a countermeasure against the assumption that the flame 3F may go out due to the vortex that can occur in the atmosphere or water due to the injection of water and the ejection of water vapor, and is an optional configuration if not necessary.). The above reaction flame flow BFa is directly discharged into water or air, and the combustion of the above Brown's gas Flame BF is characterized by injecting water, and provides an engine that burns Brown's gas. In a form that crosses in the flame BF * Examples of heat-resistant structure members include tungsten, thulium, zirconium dioxide, etc. The second invention provides a combustion chamber BN in the engine according to the first invention, provides an exhaust ejection port BEJ that ejects the reaction flame flow BFa generated by combustion as combined injection exhaust BST (mainly water vapor and other hydrogen and oxygen gases), provides a water passage WR that passes water between the inner and outer walls BI and BO of the combustion chamber, and provides a plurality of water injection nozzles WJ that introduce water and inject water from the water passage into the combustion chamber from the inner wall BI of the combustion chamber. The injected water absorbs the heat in the combustion chamber to generate water vapor A, and is discharged as injection exhaust from the exhaust ejection port through the exhaust passage BEX together with the above reaction flame flow BFa, and provides an engine that burns Brown's gas (HOH gas). The third invention is based on the first invention ​A stationary form of an engine that burns the described HOH gas (stationary form = power plant, factory, stationary = ship, rail vehicle = railway, bullet train) engine. Any of the gases generated by the electrolysis system generator BP, the photocatalytic system generator BH, or the HOH gas generator UBP that uses a radiation catalyst of the HOH gas generator is supplied to the combustion nozzle BN via the HOH gas tank BGT, and ignition means Bp that ignites the supplied HOH gas, and burns the HOH gas by ignition to Flame BF generate, and the To the flame BF water supply means WS that supplies the water to be sprayed, and the supplied water is Flame BF sprayed to the water injection means WJR, and Flame BF is provided with a heat-resistant structure part (flame seed protection structure part) that protects the flame seed of, and the flame seed protection structure part is Flame BF is a configuration that assumes that it may occur in a vortex that can occur in the atmosphere or water due to the injection of water and the ejection of water vapor, and Flame BF is a configuration that assumes that it will disappear, and it is an optional configuration that can be omitted if not necessary. Flame BF spray water into to form a reaction flame BBF and directly inject it into the inner tank water, collect it at the drain outlet that discharges the water in the inner tank filled with water, discharge it from the drain outlet, introduce the discharged injection drain water, and generate driving force by either or both of the driving force generation device KD that generates driving force or the power generation device 7Eq that generates electricity, and Either one or both of the driving force generation device KD and the power generation device 7Eq that generates electricity introduce it into a separation device BBst that separates brown gas and water vapor from the injection drain water that has passed through the device, introduce the separated brown gas into the brown gas supply means including the gas tank BGT, and use the water vapor generated by the brown gas generator UBP that uses the above radiation catalyst or the electricity generated by the magnetothermal power generation device 8E to generate brown gas. It is configured to supply water vapor to the brown gas generator Bp or to merge the water supply means with WOS, and outputs either or both of the driving force and electricity as an output. It is characterized by providing an engine that burns brown gas. The fourth invention introduces the water vapor generated by the engine described in the second invention, and is provided with any one or more of the driving force generation device KD of the engine-mounted equipment, the power generation device 7Eq that generates electricity, or the HOH gas generation means that generates HOH gas. It is characterized by providing an engine that burns brown gas (HOH gas). The fifth invention As described in the first invention to the fourth invention is equipped with HOH gas generating means and electric power generating means in an engine that burns HOH gas, and mounts the engine on a moving body. A power receiving means for receiving the electricity generated by the engine at the parking place of the engine-mounted equipment and a water supply means for supplying water to the engine are provided. The engine is operated in the parking place of the engine-mounted equipment to generate electricity and supply the electricity to the power receiving facility, and the water is received and supplied. Provided is an engine that burns brown gas (HOH gas). *A power receiving means for receiving the electricity generated by the engine and a water supply means for supplying water to the engine are provided at the parking place of the above-described engine-mounted equipment (for example, automobiles, ships (including, for example, marine jet skis that travel on the sea with an engine), airplanes, construction machinery (for example, excavator trucks), agricultural equipment (for example, tillage tractors, lawn mowers), forestry work equipment (for example, chain saws), railways (for example, trains that run on rails), etc.) (for example, parking lots, ship mooring areas, airports, construction machinery storage yards, agricultural equipment storage yards, forestry work equipment storage yards, train depots), etc.). The engine is operated in the parking place of the engine-mounted equipment to generate electricity and supply the electricity to the power receiving facility, and the water is received and supplied. *By means of utilizing the non-operating time of the moving body, it is possible to prevent cracks and fractures due to fatigue of the engine's structural components caused by repeated stopping and starting of the engine, leading to an extended engine life. At the same time, the cost recovery of the engine can be accelerated by selling or using the electricity generated by the engine (for example, using it in its own factory). That is, when the moving body is moving, the engine is operated to generate HOH gas as fuel and perform work as the energy of the moving body. After finishing the work of moving, the engine of the moving body is operated, a water supply means for supplying water is provided, and the generated electricity is either taken by a facility (power supply to the external social power energy supply infrastructure) or used as the electricity for the charging means of the energy storage device in an electric-driven engine, thereby serving as a means for utilizing the non-operating time of the moving body. The sixth invention provides an engine that burns Brown's gas (HOH gas), characterized in that when seawater is introduced as the water into the engine of a mobile body sailing on the sea and a seawater desalination device, which is equipped with the electricity generation means and the hydrogen and oxygen generation means described in the second invention, means SP for generating fresh water and salt from the introduced seawater is provided.

[0008] · Water as a hydrogen carrier contains 111 kg of hydrogen per cubic meter of water, exceeding the hydrogen content of 71 kg per cubic meter of liquid hydrogen. "Hydrogen generation means ZU"

[0009] · A solid oxide steam electrolyzer (the technology described in JP-A-2008-243744) is a steam electrolyzer using a metal thin film capable of improving atomic permeability even at an operating temperature of 400°C to 600°C. The metal thin film contains a metal composition and an oxide dispersed at the grain boundaries of the metal composition. A technology formed by simultaneously sputtering a metal target constituting the metal composition and an oxide target constituting the oxide.

[0010] · The hydrogen production method and its cost by high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTES) electrolysis method (quoted from Isao Abe). High-temperature steam electrolysis (HTES: also called High Temperature Electrolysis of Steam or SOEC: Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) is different from alkaline water electrolysis and PEM water electrolysis. It is a method of electrolyzing steam at 800°C to 1000°C using an inorganic thin solid electrolyte mainly composed of zirconium oxide. It applies the technology of high-temperature type fuel cells for the reverse reaction. Since it is a new method, the development stage is still at a basic level. Electrodes are attached to both sides of the solid oxide electrolyte thin film to form an electrolysis cell. Usually, the electrolyte thin film is made cylindrical with electrodes attached inside and outside to form an electrolysis cell. The following reactions occur at both electrodes. (Cathode) H2O + 2e- → O2-- + H2 ↑ (Anode) O2-- → 2e- + 1 / 2 O2 ↑ Overall, H2O → H2 + 1 / 2 O2 Part of the water vapor supplied to the cathode side becomes hydrogen, forming a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor. The oxide ions generated here move from the cathode side to the anode side inside the thin film of the solid electrolyte and become oxygen. A thin film of zirconium oxide modified with yttrium or the like is used as the solid electrolyte. As described above (as in Fig. 1), when the temperature rises, the Gibbs energy change of water electrolysis becomes smaller than that at room temperature, and the theoretical electrolysis voltage decreases. Also, at high temperatures, the rate of the electrode reaction increases, so the overvoltage decreases even without using a highly active catalyst, and water electrolysis can be carried out below the thermal neutral voltage (theoretical operating voltage), and electrolysis can be performed in the endothermic region of Fig. 1. As long as the electric power is above the Gibbs energy change (theoretical electrolysis voltage), the remaining energy required for decomposition can be supplied in the form of heat. Therefore, in principle, the electrolysis voltage can be made much lower than that of liquid electrolysis such as alkaline water electrolysis or PEM water electrolysis. Since heat can be directly supplied to the reaction, electric power can be saved, and the poor efficiency of converting heat into electric power can be avoided. Therefore, much higher efficiency can be expected compared to other electrolysis methods.

[0011] ·Electricity generation means *"Electricity 5E" obtained by converting the heat of the exhaust from the engine with the energy conversion means. "Thermoelectric energy conversion device" JP-A-2012-52162 Method for producing and using hydrogen and oxygen. A thermoelectric conversion module has been prototyped for a technology that becomes a thermoelectric conversion device for directly converting heat into electricity, and a power generation test has been conducted. A case has been published in which, as a result of the power generation test (heated to 300 °C and no load = current zero), an electromotive force of 0.39 V was successfully obtained. The above-mentioned implemented power generation module consists of 18 thermoelectric elements using Fe2V0.9Ti0.1Al2 for the p-type material and Fe2val0.9si0.1 for the n-type material. Copper is used for the electrodes and is joined to each of the p- and n-type materials by diffusion bonding. One side of the module is kept constant at 20 °C, and the other side is heated to 300 °C to generate electricity due to the temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces. *The driving force generation device KD and the electric generation means 7Eq are a technology that enables the driving force generation device KD and the electric generation means 7Eq by coaxially providing an electric generation structure that introduces exhaust gas and passes it through a rotating blade body to generate electricity from the rotational force of the shaft portion of the rotating blade body and a transmission structure portion (for example, a bevel gear) that transmits the rotational force of the shaft portion of the rotating blade body, and is an existing technology. *In the electric generation technology, a research group of the National Institute for Materials Science has invented a technology for creating a "neodymium magnet" that is 1.5 times stronger than a conventional magnet using a material development method using AI. = A technology that leads to an increase in the generation efficiency UP for generating electricity and the miniaturization of a generator.

[0012] "Magnetothermal power generation" JP-A-1-5379 Thermomagnetic power generation method and its device. A magnetic circuit module is composed of a permanent magnet, a magnetic body, and an armature wound with a coil for generating an induced electromotive force. A plurality of the magnetic circuit modules are arranged, and pipes for supplying warm water or cold water to the magnetic bodies of these magnetic circuit modules are provided. By periodically opening and closing a valve provided in the pipes, a temperature difference cycle is given to the magnetic bodies to generate electricity.

[0013] <Hydrogen & oxygen generation means using a radiation catalyst> *Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-95440: Radiation Catalyst and Oxidation-Reduction Method and Apparatus Using the Same. A catalyst having a structure in which a high-radioactive platinum group element 14 such as ruthenium-106 is supported on an n-type fine particle semiconductor 12 such as titanium oxide can continuously carry out an oxidation-reduction reaction at all times simply by bringing a fluid to be treated into contact therewith. A technique for producing oxygen and hydrogen by decomposing water using the radiation catalyst. · Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-248821: Hydrogen Production Method by Radiation-Induced Reaction Using High-Level Radioactive Waste as a Radiation Source. · Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-172772: Fuel Generation System and Power Generation System. · Japanese Patent No. 4066320: Radiation Catalyst Apparatus, Hydrogen Production Method, and Hydrogen Production Apparatus Using the Same. · Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-275602: Radiation Catalyst Apparatus, Hydrogen Production Method, and Hydrogen Production Apparatus Using the Same, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-183602: Many other technologies have been published.

[0014] <Brown Gas (HOH Gas) Supply Means> *Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-266900: Brown Gas Generator and Internal Combustion Engine for Traveling Using Brown Gas. By irradiating a multi-arc that emits plasma into water, a technique of using the brown gas as fuel for an internal combustion engine for traveling by applying the change of water into brown gas is applied. · Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-197211: Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixed Gas Generator. · Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-35804: Large-Capacity Brown Gas Generator and Its Electrolytic Cell. · Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-225685: Combustion Gas Generator. The above technologies and known technologies are used as HHO gas generation means. <Properties of Brown Gas = HOH Gas>

[0015] 1. Overview of HOH Gas In conventional electrolysis methods, an impermeable thin film is used to separate these two gases in order to ensure explosion suppression. However, the need for this impermeable partition increases the power required for the reaction process, making most of the technologies currently in use uneconomical. The gases produced by such electrolysis could not be considered efficient and economical energy sources. In the early 1970s, Prof. Yull Brown (born in Bulgaria) discovered a method of electrolyzing water that produces a non-explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, which has since been called Browns Gas. · His technology includes a highly efficient electrolysis cell that decomposes water into hydrogen and oxygen in an exact atomic-to-atomic ratio of 2 volumes of hydrogen to 1 volume of oxygen. It was discovered that hydrogen gas and oxygen gas can be safely mixed if their ratio (plus or minus 5%) is strictly maintained. From this discovery, the theory was established that hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are immediately, completely, and exactly mixed in the correct ratio (in scientific terms, the "theoretical mixing ratio"). TIFF0007705003000001.tif2452 The above is a composition diagram showing that the composition structure of Brown's Gas is different from that of water molecules at 180 degrees and is 105 degrees. 2. Theory of HOH Gas The raw materials for producing oxygen-hydrogen mixed gas (HOH gas) are water and electricity. Approximately 340 liters of gas can be produced with 1 kwh of electricity. In essence, any amount of oxygen-hydrogen mixed gas can be produced in any volume by connecting electrolysis cells in series, miniaturizing, or enlarging them. * 1 unit of water produces 1860 units of gas, and vice versa. When ignited, the oxygen-hydrogen mixed gas undergoes deflagration, and as a result, 1859 units of vacuum and 1 unit of water are produced. * The flame of Brown's Gas = HOH gas has remarkable characteristics and is quite different from the flame generated when mechanically combining oxygen gas and hydrogen gas. The unique nature of the extreme thermal energy produced by the oxygen-hydrogen mixed gas (HOH gas) seems to stem from its interaction with the object substance being heated.

[0016] ·If hydrogen is burned in an oxygen environment, theoretically, the temperature should reach between 2210 degrees Celsius and 2900 degrees Celsius. The fact that tungsten evaporates (sublimes) means that this requires 5900 degrees Celsius, which is a much higher temperature than the flame temperature. In past experiments, a tungsten rod (1 / 8 inch in diameter) sublimated in about 30 seconds.

[0017] *Among the various things demonstrated by the combustion of oxygen and hydrogen mixed gas, there are things such as holes opened by heat in bricks, bricks welded together with substances melted into igneous rocks similar to those seen in volcanoes, etc. Also, ceramic tiles were joined by the flame, and steel was welded to bricks. This notable property is that heat is concentrated in a narrow area. Independent consultants in various fields verified this situation by holding one end of a soft iron piece (6 inches long) bare-handed and cutting the other end 1 inch or more away with this flame. The cutting operation was completed before a large amount of heat was transmitted through the metal. Welders accustomed to conventional welding equipment would consider asbestos gloves absolutely essential for such experiments. The high concentration of heat in this flame is particularly important when welding metals of the type where the heat flowing out by heat conduction reduces the strength near the melting point. A typical example of this is the welding of aluminum. By using oxygen and hydrogen mixed gas (HOH gas), the thermal energy is concentrated in a narrow area and performs its function without widely dispersing the heat. In the case of applications including roll cutting of steel plates, the cut part is sufficiently smooth, and this characteristic of high heat concentration contributes in part to this.

[0018] *Brown gas flame = HOH gas flame composition TIFF0007705003000002.tif2273

[0019] President of the Institute of Light and Wind Co., Ltd., Michio Horiuchi's statement *What is most prominent now is the melting cutting of iron and stainless steel. Although this is not yet well-known as an industry, it has begun to spread to some extent and is being used in the ironworking complex in Urayasu, etc. *For example, in the current experiment in Gifu - Hashima, it is actually powered by approximately 2 kW or less of electricity to produce brown gas of 1 m 3 . In this way, the cost - performance is very good, and the cost is about half of that of conventional fossil fuels. In terms of calorie calculation, when 1 unit of energy is input, brown gas with potential energy 3 times that amount is produced. · After making brown gas and storing it, it is transported. *Take one example. When water is sprayed during a large fire, it may even explode instead. This is called steam explosion. Another one is that when water is heated to about 4000 °C, hydrogen and oxygen are separated by about 30%. That is, they are separated. Just by thermal decomposition, water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen... It is quite difficult to reach a high temperature like 4000 °C. However, since brown gas has reached that temperature, brown gas itself further heats water and a part of it becomes brown gas and burns. So, it is said that it burns vigorously now. *The storage pressure is about 3 atmospheres in the current distribution form, but a certain teacher in South Korea says that if the pressure is raised above 10 atmospheres, it will turn into water directly.

Advantages of the Invention

[0020] 1. An invention has been made for a measure to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide that causes global warming. 2. An invention has been made for a simpler structure than the above - mentioned WO2019 / 130619. 3. An invention has been made for a measure to not emit carbon dioxide with a configuration mainly using an engine such as a diesel engine DY, a reciprocating engine RS, or a rotary engine RE, using hydrogen and oxygen as the fuel for the currently circulating engines. 4. An engine that burns hydrogen - oxygen gas (brown gas = HOH gas) has been invented. 5. An invention has been made for the stationary form (power plant, factory, rail vehicle, ship, etc.) structure of the above - mentioned engine. 6. An invention has been made for a simple excavator for deep - sea minerals (rare metals such as zinc, lead, gold, copper, and cobalt).

Example 1

[0021] As a representative of currently commercialized engines, at the timing of introducing water, hydrogen, and oxygen (separated oxygen) in the intake, compression, explosion, and exhaust processes of a four-stroke reciprocating engine, - Pattern 1 (an example of a pattern): Water is introduced in the intake process. The introduced water absorbs the heat in the cylinder to generate steam A, and the steam is compressed in the compression process. Hydrogen and oxygen are directly injected in the explosion process, ignited by the ignition means, and hydrogen and oxygen burn. Then, ignition (at the timing immediately after) is performed, and water is introduced. (This operation results in an increase in the exhaust pressure when the total amount of exhaust increases.) The exhaust pressure increases the work output of the engine. *The exhaust pressure can be set as the introduction pressure of water, oxygen, and hydrogen.

[0022] *Regarding the hydrogen supply means HS in the above pattern, use a hydrogen cylinder (for example, a hydrogen cylinder filled with compressed hydrogen), and for the oxygen supply means OS, use, for example, an oxygen cylinder (high-pressure oxygen manufactured and filled at an oxygen production plant (for example, an oxygen cylinder filled with compressed oxygen)) or any supply means for oxygen separated from air. By increasing the combustion temperature, the supply amount of water into the cylinder can be increased accordingly. For example, in an engine with a displacement of 2000 CC and 4 cylinders, the displacement per cylinder is 500 CC. If the amount of water introduced here is increased by 1 CC, 1800 CC of steam can be produced.

[0023] - Pattern 2: Oxygen and water are introduced in the intake process. After compression, hydrogen is directly injected in the explosion process, ignited by the ignition means, and hydrogen and oxygen burn. Then, after ignition (at the timing immediately after), water is introduced and the exhaust process begins. - Exemplary Pattern 3: Hydrogen and water are introduced in the intake process. After compression, oxygen is directly injected in the explosion process, ignited by the ignition means, and hydrogen and oxygen burn. Water is introduced at the timing of combustion. It is also possible to omit the operation of introducing water immediately after ignition when hydrogen and oxygen burn in the explosion process.

[0024] In patterns other than the above, water can be supplied in the compression process, but supplying the water in the intake process has the same effect, and water can also be supplied in the exhaust process. However, supplying water in the exhaust process only increases the amount of water vapor generated. If water vapor is to be generated by the heat in the engine, it is preferable to introduce water in the intake process and the explosion process. The amount of water that can be supplied into the engine is the amount that can generate water vapor from water with the heat energy of the above explosion. Furthermore, when an electric power generation means and a hydrogen and oxygen generation device for hydrogen and oxygen generation means are provided further downstream, it is necessary to ensure that the inlet temperature of the hydrogen and oxygen generation device (for example, in the case of a water vapor electrolysis device, the inlet temperature is at least close to the upper limit of the heat-resistant temperature of the water vapor decomposition device) is a temperature at which hydrogen can be generated. *When the time related to vaporization in the above cycle is required, it may be, for example, 60 / rpm / min.

Example 2

[0025] The engine described in FIG. 1 is an engine that does not have a mechanical structure related to compression and rotation in the combustion chamber part (cylindrical engine). The feature of this engine is that hydrogen and oxygen (separated oxygen) are burned in the combustion chamber NE, and a heat absorption means (water vapor generation means) that blocks the direct heat transfer of the flame and absorbs the heat is provided between the flame 3F (the center temperature of the flame is approximately 2800 °C) formed by the combustion and the combustion chamber wall. A water injection means WJ that injects water in a shape that forms an injection water layer WS is provided. The water injected by the water injection means is a water vapor generation means that turns water into water vapor A with the heat of the flame 3F (water vapor in a form where the volume of water expands approximately 1800 times in the form of a water vapor explosion), and absorbs the heat in the combustion chamber NE. The water vapor B and water vapor A generated by the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen are exhausted as exhaust (water vapor). It is a diagram showing an example of the form of the injection water layer formed by injecting from the injection nozzles of the injection water layer WS injected from the water injection nozzles of the water injection means WJ. WJ1 and WJ2 are configured to block the direct heat to the combustion chamber wall 2U in a form where the injection water layer surrounds the flame 3F. WJ2 has a configuration in which a groove formed between a concave part and a convex part in the injection nozzle part is used as the water injection nozzle. WJ3 is a diagram of the water injection means WJ part showing a form in which a water column shape is also mixed in the injection water layer.

Example 3

[0026] The engine described in FIG. 2 is an engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen, and supplies the hydrogen and oxygen generated by any one of the electrolysis-based oxygen / hydrogen gas generation means EH, the photocatalyst-based hydrogen / oxygen gas generation device PH, or the hydrogen / oxygen generation device RH using a radiation catalyst to the hydrogen supply means HS having a gas tank and the oxygen supply means OS. The hydrogen supply means HS supplies hydrogen to the combustion nozzle, the oxygen supply means OS supplies oxygen to the combustion nozzle, and there is ignition means for igniting the supplied hydrogen and oxygen. By ignition, hydrogen and oxygen are burned to generate a flame 3F, There is a water supply means WS for supplying water to be injected between the flame 3F and the combustion outer shell 3U of the engine, and a water injection means WJ for injecting water between the supplied water and the combustion outer shell 3U. The injected water serves as a water vapor generation means for absorbing the combustion heat of hydrogen and oxygen to generate water vapor Ab, and is directly discharged into water or the atmosphere as exhaust together with the water vapor B generated by the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen. An engine that burns hydrogen and oxygen, characterized in that.

Example 4

[0027] The engine described in FIG. 3 is an engine that burns HOH gas. The engine includes a combustion nozzle BN that burns the HOH gas supplied from the brown gas (HOH gas) supply means, an ignition means Bp that ignites the supplied HOH gas, generates a flame 3F by burning the HOH gas by ignition, a water supply means WS that supplies water to be injected into the flame 3F, a water passage WJR that injects the supplied water into the flame 3F, generates a reaction flame flow BFa by injecting water from the water passage into the flame, and a heat-resistant structure part (flame-seed protection structure part) that protects the flame seed of the flame 3F. (The flame-seed structure part is configured as a countermeasure against the assumption that the flame 3F may disappear due to vortices that can occur in the atmosphere or water due to water injection and steam ejection, and is an optional configuration that can be omitted if not necessary.) It is characterized in that the reaction flame BFa formed by injecting water into the flame 3F is directly discharged into water or air. *The (A) of FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the engine, which is attached to the engine-mounted equipment (as an example, at the rear end of the hull), and is configured to inject the reaction flame BFa generated by the engine into water or the atmosphere. The engine with this structure is an example of being mounted on a ship, a flying object (airplane, rocket, flying limousine bus, etc.), or a rail vehicle (Shinkansen, etc.). (B) is a view in the direction of arrow R of the engine mounting state in the R arrow view of (A).

Example 5

[0028] Figure 4 shows a configuration in which a combustion chamber BN is provided in the HOH gas engine BE of Figure 3, and an exhaust jet port BEJ is provided to collect and eject the reaction flame flow BFa generated by combustion as ejection exhaust BST (mainly water vapor and other hydrogen and oxygen gases), and the ejected force is used as a propulsive force (for example, the rotational force of a rotary wing body). A water passage WR for passing water is provided between the inner and outer walls BI and BO of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of water injection nozzles WJ for introducing water and injecting water into the combustion chamber to the inner wall BI of the combustion chamber are provided and injected from the water passage into the combustion chamber. The injected water absorbs heat in the combustion chamber to generate water vapor A, which is discharged as ejection exhaust from the exhaust jet port through the exhaust passage BEX together with the reaction flame flow BFa. Figure D1 shows a figure in which a flame 3F is generated, and Figure D2 shows a figure in which water is injected from the water injection nozzles for injecting water into the flame, and the injected water is injected in a form that crosses in the flame. Since the central part of the brown gas flame 3F (refer to paragraph

[0018] *Brown gas flame = HOH gas flame configuration) is a high-temperature part, this figure shows that water is injected into the high-temperature part. Figure D3 shows a figure in which the reaction flame flow BFa is formed by the water injected into the flame.

Example 6

[0029] Figure 5 shows a configuration in which an engine that burns HOH gas of Figure 3 is provided in an inner tank IE filled with water, The engine BEW is provided at one end of the inner tank IE filled with water, and the inner tank has a configuration in which an exhaust port is provided at the other end of the inner tank. An outer tank OE filled with water is provided outside the inner tank IE, and the water supplied from the other end side of the inner tank IE and the water supplied from the water supply means WOS are sent to the inner side of the outer layer OE to the one end side of the inner tank IE, and water is supplied so as to be sucked into the reaction flame flow BFa from the outside of the heat-resistant structure part (ignition source protection structure part) that protects the ignition source of the flame 3F, and is provided so as to constitute a water circulation loop WEX. The HOH gas generated by any one or more of the electrolysis system generation device BP, the photocatalyst system generation device BH, or the HOH gas generation device UBP using a radiation catalyst of the HOH gas generation device is supplied from the HOH gas supply means BS having an HOH gas tank BGT to the combustion nozzle BN of the engine BEW, and an ignition means Bp for igniting the supplied HOH gas, and the HOH gas is burned by ignition to generate a flame 3F, and a water supply means WS for supplying water for injecting water into the flame 3F. Water injection means WJR for injecting the supplied water into the flame 3F, and a heat-resistant structure part (flame seed protection structure part) for protecting the flame seed of the flame 3F. The flame seed structure part is configured as a countermeasure assuming that the flame 3F may disappear due to a vortex that can occur in the atmosphere or underwater by the injection of water and the ejection of water vapor, and it is a configuration that can be omitted if not necessary. The reaction flame BBF formed by injecting water into the flame 3F is directly injected into the inner tank water to form a reaction flame water flow BFa, and the water in the inner tank filled with water is collected at a drain port and discharged from the drain port. The discharged injection drainage is introduced into either one or both of a driving force generation device KD that generates a driving force by introducing the discharged injection drainage or a power generation device 7Eq, and the injection drainage that has passed through the device is introduced into a separation device BST that separates HOH gas and water vapor. A. Receiving the supply of the separated water vapor, generating HOH gas with a HOH gas generation device UBP using a radiation catalyst, generating electricity 8E with a thermomagnetic power generation device 8Eq, further receiving the generated electricity 8E and generating HOH gas with a HOH gas generation device Bp, and further receiving the electricity 7E obtained by passing through the power generation device 7Eq and generating HOH gas with a HOH gas generation device Bp. B. Generating HOH gas with a generation device Bh that is a generation device for a photocatalytic oxygen-hydrogen gas (or HOH gas) that receives solar energy. C. Generating HOH gas with an electrolytic HOH gas generation device Bp. The HOH gas generated in A, B, and C is represented by a flow diagram with a configuration of a HOH gas supply means BS (having a gas tank). The remaining water vapor separated by the HOH gas separation device BBst is supplied to the outer tank OE via the water supply means WOS of the outer tank OE, and the supplied water forms a water circulation loop WEX as the water sucked into the reaction flame flow BFa in the inner tank, and a stationary HOH gas combustion engine BE generates a driving force or electricity, and outputs electricity 7E·8E and a driving force T. *The water supply means WOS for supplying the shortage of water in the outer layer OE is provided.

Example 7

[0030] In engine BWS where the water supplied to engine BE that burns HOH gas is seawater, a salt removal means WS is provided in the engine. When the seawater is vaporized, salt is separated. A means for removing this separated salt (for example, in the form of a steam trap or by providing a pre-separation chamber) is provided, and the water vapor C from which the salt has been separated and removed is pure water. The water vapor that has completed one cycle of work is cooled (natural cooling is also acceptable) ··· and becomes drinking water. (This becomes a means for purifying seawater into pure water.)

Example 8

[0031] Figure 6 is a diagram showing a configuration in which a plurality of HOH gas combustion engines BEW described in Figure 3 are provided in a multi-hull underwater wing ship FFS. A plurality of these engines are provided for forward movement, backward movement, and direction change, and a water resistance power generation means 6E that generates electricity using the water resistance generated by the propulsion of the ship is provided to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is used to generate HOH gas as fuel. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 6, showing an example of the engine arrangement and the installation of the water resistance power generation means.

Example 9

[0032] Figure 8 shows a configuration in which the HOH gas combustion engine described in Figure 3 is used as an excavation unit BRG for excavating undersea resources. For example, a HOH gas generation device using a radiation catalyst, a HOH gas tank, and an excavation unit BRG are provided in an unmanned excavator. The operation control is performed by wired communication from the sea, and the excavation unit BRG is provided at a plurality of front parts with a certain interval, and a part covering the skipped part at the front is provided at the rear to perform the operation of peeling rare metals such as cobalt attached to the rock mass from the rock mass in a full-time manner. After the peeling of a certain area is completed, it is sucked up into the ship together with seawater by a pump ··· This shows that it is also possible to handle the supply of the above HOH gas from the sea. * This is an example diagram of the configuration of the excavation unit with a flame jet, but since it is a configuration that supplies HOH gas as an energy source either self-sufficiently or from the sea, it can also be a mechanical excavation (for example, a pick, a drill, a cutter, a shovel, etc.) unit.

Example 10

[0033] Figure 9 shows hydrogen gas generation in a ball mill container. ·The Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of Gifu Pharmaceutical University discovered that when stainless steel balls and water are placed in a stainless steel ball mill container and rotated at high speed, water decomposes and hydrogen gas is quantitatively generated (all the water used is converted into hydrogen gas). A ball mill is a device that grinds objects finely, which is familiar to households as a "coffee mill", and is used by rotating or vibrating together with balls made of metal or ceramic (manufactured and sold by Fritsch Japan Co., Ltd.). The technology is described in "ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2015, 3, 683 - 689" and "Chem Sue Chem 2015, 8, 3773 - 3776". The reaction is accelerated by the metals that make up stainless steel (stainless steel is an alloy mainly composed of iron, chromium, and nickel), and hydrogen is efficiently generated by the mechanical energy such as the collision and friction between stainless steels caused by the rotation of the ball mill. This figure shows that oxygen, which is replicated with the generation of hydrogen, is removed because the metals that make up stainless steel react with oxygen and are converted into metal oxides (mainly iron oxide), so no oxygen gas is detected at all. An example of a hydrogen supply means.

Example 11

[0034] ·Figure 10 presents a new concept called "nano window", a nanometer-sized window smaller than an oxygen molecule, announced by the Institute of Environmental and Energy Materials Science, the Research Group for Advanced Area Integration, Shinshu University. It was found that graphene with this "nano window" can separate oxygen from the atmosphere 2000 times faster than the current situation. Theoretically, when a "nano window" about the size of an oxygen molecule is added to graphene consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, etc. can be selectively and extremely rapidly separated. The "nano window" has a window frame containing oxygen and hydrogen atoms, and the mechanism by which the window frame works competitively to preferentially permeate and separate oxygen molecules was clarified. An image diagram of the structure of the "nano window" where nitrogen molecules permeate through the "nano window" and oxygen molecules are separated. An example of an oxygen supply means

Example 12

[0035] ·Figure 11 shows that the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Tohoku University, with the theme of energy efficiency improvement, have jointly developed a method for producing hydrogen without using expensive noble metals. This hydrogen production method uses "three-dimensional nanoporous graphene", which has graphene in a three-dimensional structure and some of its carbon atoms replaced by nitrogen and sulfur atoms, as an electrode. When graphene becomes inhomogeneous due to nitrogen and sulfur atoms, water reacts and hydrogen is generated through electrolysis. By adopting a three-dimensional hollow porous structure, the surface area can reach 800 square meters even with only 1 gram of graphene. This represents an expansion of the surface area by about 500 times compared to conventional electrodes using platinum, etc., enabling the reaction to occur over a large area. *The figure is a model of "three-dimensional nanoporous graphene". It is an image showing the generation of hydrogen from water on the outer and inner sides of the hollow tube. An example of a hydrogen supply means. *A technology that can be used for electrodes in electrolysis and fuel cells.

Example 13

[0036] ·Figure 12(A) is a separation image of a high-performance oxygen separation membrane developed by the Electric Power Research Institute for separating oxygen from air. This separation membrane is a mixed conductor that conducts both oxygen ions and electrons simultaneously. On the air side of the membrane, oxygen molecules receive electrons and ionize → the oxygen ions move to the opposite side of the membrane through ionic conduction → on the oxygen permeation side, the electrons are released and return to oxygen molecules again... High-purity oxygen can be obtained from the air. (B) is a figure showing the size of the oxygen separation membrane at 27 CC / MIN / Cm2. An example of an oxygen supply means.

Brief Explanation of the Drawings

[0037]

Figure 1

Figure 2

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Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Claims

1. An engine that burns brown gas, the engine being provided with brown gas supply means BS for supplying brown gas to a combustion nozzle BN and ignition means Bp for igniting the supplied brown gas, the ignition means Bp burning the brown gas to generate a flame BF, water supply means WS for supplying water to be injected into the flame BF, and a plurality of water injection nozzles for injecting the supplied water into the flame BF, the water being injected from the nozzles into the flame BF in a form that intersects within the flame BF to generate a reaction flame flow BFa, comprising a heat-resistant structure part for protecting the ignition source of the flame BF, discharging the reaction flame flow BFa directly into water or air, and injecting water in a form that intersects within the combustion flame BF of the brown gas. An engine that burns brown gas, characterized by this.

2. A combustion chamber BN is provided in the engine according to Claim 1, an exhaust ejection hole BEJ is provided for collectively ejecting the reaction flame flow BFa generated by combustion as ejection exhaust BST, a water passage WR for passing water is provided between the inner and outer walls BI and BO of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of water injection nozzles WJ for introducing water and injecting the water from the water passage into the combustion chamber from the inner wall BI of the combustion chamber are provided. The injected water absorbs the heat in the combustion chamber to generate water vapor A and is discharged as ejection exhaust from the exhaust ejection port through the exhaust passage BEX together with the reaction flame flow BFa. An engine that burns brown gas, characterized by this.

3. A stationary engine of the engine that burns brown gas according to Claim 1, supplying any one of the gases, either brown gas generated by an electrolysis type generator BP, a photocatalyst type generator BH, or a brown gas generator UBP using a radiation catalyst of a brown gas generator, to the combustion nozzle BN via a brown gas tank BGT, ignition means Bp for igniting the supplied brown gas, burning the brown gas by ignition to generate a flame BF, water supply means WS for supplying water to be injected into the flame BF, injection means WJR for injecting the supplied water into the flame BF, and comprising a heat-resistant structure part for protecting the ignition source of the flame BF. The reaction flame flow BFa formed by injecting water into the flame BF is directly injected into the inner tank water, collected at the discharge port for discharging the water in the inner tank filled with water, and discharged from the discharge port. The discharged injection drainage is introduced into either or both of the driving force generating device KD that generates driving force or the power generation device 7Eq that generates electricity, and brown gas and water vapor are separated from the injection drainage that has passed through either or both of the driving force generating device KD or the power generation device 7Eq that generates electricity, and introduced into the separation device BBst. The separated brown gas is introduced into the brown gas supply means including the gas tank BGT, and the water vapor is used as water vapor to be supplied to either the brown gas generating device Bp that generates brown gas with the electricity generated by the brown gas generating device UBP using the radiation catalyst or the magnetothermal power generation device 8E, or merged with the water supply means WSO. The engine burns brown gas, characterized in that one or both of the driving force and electricity are taken out as output.

4. The water vapor generated by the engine according to claim 2 is introduced, and one or more of the driving force generating device KD of the engine-mounted equipment, the electricity generating device Ed that generates electricity, or the brown gas generating means that generates brown gas are provided. An engine that burns brown gas, characterized by this.

5. The engine that burns brown gas according to claims 1 to 4 is mounted on a moving body, and is provided with a power receiving means for receiving the electricity generated by the engine at the parking area of the engine-mounted equipment and a water supply means for supplying water to the engine. The engine is operated in the parked equipment of the engine-mounted equipment to produce electricity, the electricity is supplied to the power receiving facility, and the water is received and supplied. An engine that burns brown gas, characterized by this.

6. When the engine according to claim 2, which has an electricity generating means and generates brown gas, introduces seawater as the water introduced into the engine of a moving body that sails on the sea and a seawater desalination device, a means SP for generating fresh water and salt from the introduced seawater is provided. An engine that burns brown gas, characterized by this.

6. When the engine according to claim 2, which has an electricity generating means and generates brown gas, introduces seawater as the water introduced into the engine of a moving body that sails on the sea and a seawater desalination device, a means SP for generating fresh water and salt from the introduced seawater is provided. An engine that burns brown gas, characterized by this.

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