106 results about "Solar hydrogen" patented technology

The invention relates to a preparation method of a solar light splitting water hydrogen production catalyst without noble metal as a cocatalyst. Specifically, graphene is used as a cocatalyst to prepare semiconductor nanoparticle-graphene composite photocatalysts, including CdS-graphene composites and TiO2-graphene composites. The hydrogen production efficiency of the photocatalyst with graphene as the cocatalyst is comparable to or even higher than that of the photocatalyst containing the same mass of noble metal Pt under the same hydrogen production conditions. Graphene materials have good electron aggregation and transport functions, which promote the effective separation of electrons and holes, reduce the probability of proton recombination, and increase the photocatalytic efficiency of photocatalysts and the efficiency of photo-splitting water to produce hydrogen; and the preparation method of graphene materials is simple , cheaper than precious metals, and has no pollution to the environment, which is conducive to large-scale preparation and production. The preparation of photocatalysts using graphene as a cocatalyst has opened up a new method for reducing the cost of hydrogen production from solar energy and improving the efficiency of hydrogen production by photolysis of water.

The invention provides a preparation method of an efficient Ni-Mo-P / Ni hydrogen evolution electrode, which belongs to the field of electro-catalysis hydrogen evolution. The method comprises steps as follows: removing an oxide layer and oil matters from the surface of a nickel sheet by mechanical polishing and ultrasonic washing; then plating the surface of the pre-processed nickel sheet by pulse electrodeposition, doping P into an Ni-Mo coating to form an Ni-Mo-P nano-crystalline coating with excellent hydrogen evolution performance, wherein the Ni-Mo-P nano-crystalline coating is plated uniformly and is located between a crystalline state structure and an amorphous state structure. The method is simple and feasible, the production cost is low; and the Ni-Mo-P / Ni hydrogen evolution electrode prepared by the method is not only applicable to electro-catalysis hydrogen evolution in chlorine alkali industry, but also is widely applicable to various catalytic hydrogen evolution fields such as solar hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and water electrolysis industry and the like.

A solar hydrogen generation system is disclosed that efficiently utilizes photovoltaic cells, storage batteries, and electrolyzers to generate hydrogen from the sun by direct coupling of these components. The system mutually arranges the photovoltaic cells, batteries, and electrolyzers in series, and the series components in parallel. The arrangement allows the voltages of the photovoltaic cells, batteries, and electrolyzers to match each other for optimal performance. The invention further provides for continuous hydrogen generation, even through the night or periods of low solar flux, and a system for preventing the overcharging of the batteries.

The invention discloses a biomass supercritical water gasification hydrogen production system and method thermally driven by focusing solar energy; wherein the system mainly comprises a concentrating system composed of a spinning-pitching tread heliostat and a conical surface solar secondary condenser, a solar cavity absorption reactor internally provided with a coiler flow reactor, a biomass and water transmission system, a product collection and analysis system and a systemic parameter acquisition system. Biomass and supercritical water absorb and focus solar radiation and carry out gasification hydrogen production reaction in the coil flow reactor. Compared with the plate type coupling hydrogen production system, the invention has the characteristics of simplified system, low cost, strong stability and favoured industrial amplification. The solar hydrogen production method provided by the invention utilizes solar heat supply to transform low-class biomass into high quality hydrogen energy through supercritical water gasification hydrogen production, the whole process is environmental-friendly without pollution, and renewable energy source is fully utilized, thus being beneficial to large-scale promotion and application of solar hydrogen production.

An apparatus for splitting water to produce hydrogen having at least one photoelectrochemical cell. The photoelectrochemical cell includes at least one water permeable photoelectrode having a light sensitive, nano-crystalline catalytic material layer, a polymer electrolyte membrane, a metallic substrate disposed between the light sensitive nano-crystalline catalytic material layer and the polymer electrolyte membrane adjacent to the polymer electrolyte membrane layer, and at least one photovoltaic device connected in series to the light sensitive nano-crystalline material layer and disposed between the light sensitive nano-crystalline catalytic material layer and the metallic substrate layer.

This invention provides a family of cation-strung polymers capable of forming membranes having exceptional hydroxide ionic conductivity as well as low water uptake and methods of making the same. The invention also provides for using these cation-strung polymers to manufacture membranes useful in HEMFC fuel cells and other devices such as electrolysis, solar hydrogen generation, redox flow battery, dialysis, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, pervaporation, ion exchange, sensor, and gas separation.

The invention discloses a biomass supercritical water gasification and multi-plate focusing heat supply coupling hydrogen production device and a method; wherein the device adopts a cavity absorber to realize efficient absorption of solar energy, adopts a coil type distribution to cause the structure of a reactor to be compact and strengthen heat transmitter in the reactor, and adopts a multi-plate solar energy condenser to realize high-accuracy automatic tracking of the sun and provide a solar energy source with high focusing ratio and high energy current density for biomass supercritical water gasification hydrogen production, thus realizing direct solar thermolysis supercritical water and biomass hydrogen production. The hydrogen production method provided by the invention utilizes the characteristics of water of high solubility, high diffusivity and the like in supercritical state to realize complete efficient gasification of biomass, so as to generate hydrogen rich gas; and meanwhile, reaction temperature required by solar energy thermochemistry circulation hydrogen production is reduced to be lower than 600 DEG C from more than 1500 DEG C, thus greatly reducing direct solar hydrogen production cost and realizing a renewable energy source hydrogen production system.

The invention relates to a method for synthetizing an Au / ZnO bar-shaped heterojunction photocatalyst and belongs to the technical field of preparation of semiconductor photocatalysts. The method comprises steps as follows: firstly, an Au nanoparticle colloidal solution is prepared and obtained with a method of chloroauric acid reduction by sodium citrate and serves as a primary reaction seed; then the Au nanoparticle colloidal solution is concentrated with a centrifugal separation method, 4.8-240 mL of an aqueous surfactant solution with the concentration being 10mg / mL-20mg / mL, 0.1-5mL of an aqueous zinc salt solution with the concentration being 50mM and 0.1-5mL of an alkaline solution with the concentration being 50mM are sequentially added to a concentration product, the mixture is heated for 2.5-3 hours at the temperature ranging from 80 DEG C to 95 DEG C, and the pink Au / ZnO bar-shaped heterojunction photocatalyst is obtained. An experiment result shows that the catalytic effect of the semiconductor photocatalyst in visible light with the maximum absorption wavelength larger than 420nm is remarkably improved than that of a ZnO bar, and the photocatalyst has good application prospect in the field of photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants, solar cells, solar hydrogen production and the like.

The invention discloses a solar power generating system and a solar hydrogen energy storage device. The solar power generating system comprises solar power generating equipment and a hydrogen energy storage device, wherein the hydrogen energy storage device comprises an electrolytic bath with a hydrogen collection room; an electrode in the electrolytic bath is connected with direct current output by the solar power generating equipment; electrolyte in the electrolytic bath can generate hydrogen under the action of the direct current; and the generated hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storer which is communicated with the hydrogen collection room. In the technical scheme of the invention, solar energy can be stored in the mode of the hydrogen, and the stored hydrogen can be used as a fuel for generating electricity under the condition of weaker light or no light, thereby effectively improving the practicability of the solar power generating system and being convenient for the popularization and the application of the solar power generating system.

The invention discloses a method for producing hydrogen by using a dye-sensitized photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) and degrading organic dye wastewater simultaneously. The method comprises the following steps of: introducing the organic dye wastewater into a PFC optical anode chamber, exciting organic dyes under the action of the irradiation of visible light and electro-catalysis, mineralizing organic matters of the optical anode chamber, and degrading the organic matters to form harmless substances such as CO2 and H2O. According to the method, electrons generated in the degradation process are enriched on the surface of an optical anode and are driven to a cathode electrode by an external circuit; and H<+> generated by the optical anode enters a cathode solution through a proton conductor and receives the electrons from a cathode to generate the hydrogen, so that the hydrogen is produced while the organic dye wastewater is degraded. According to the method, a PFC hydrogen production technology and a technology of degrading the organic dye wastewater are combined, and a dye-sensitized optical anode structure is adopted, so that the organic dye wastewater is degraded and the hydrogen is produced under visible light, and the feasible basis is provided for the actual application of completing solar decontamination and solar hydrogen production synchronously by the PFC in future.

The invention discloses a full-spectrum solar hydrogen production-hydrogen storage integrated system which comprises a light-focusing part, a photo-electric conversion part, a photo-thermal conversionpart, a hydrogen production subsystem and a hydrogen storage subsystem, wherein the light-focusing part focuses and reflects incident full-spectrum solar to the photoelectric conversion part and thephoto-thermal conversion part; the photo-electric conversion part is used for converting waveband solar energy in band gap fit with the photoelectric conversion part into photo-electric energy; the photo-thermal conversion part is used for converting residual full-spectrum waveband solar energy into photo-thermal energy; in the hydrogen production subsystem, hydrogen is produced by utilizing photo-electric energy to electrolyze water; in the hydrogen storage subsystem, the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production subsystem is utilized to react with a first reactant for an endothermic reaction of hydrogen absorption; a heat source of the endothermic reaction is the photo-thermal energy; the occurs between nitrogen is utilized to react with a second reactant for an exothermic reaction ofnitrogen absorption; and a reactant-product relationship exists between the first reactant and the second reactant. The integration of full-spectrum hydrogen production and hydrogen storage is realized.

The invention belongs to the technique of producing hydrogen with solar energy. The invention mainly contains parabolic mirror plane heat collecting plate, turbine (generator), accumulator, water electrolyzer. The water is heated to boiling point, vapor pushes the aerorbiculus generator, electric energy is stored in the electric bottle which supply electric to the water electrolyzer, heating the water to 80DEG C and adding industrial grade hydrogen peroxide 0.03-0.05wt%, electrolyzing water to separate hydrogen. The invention has the advantages of simple equipment structure, simple installation, low cost, good technology, high hydrogen purity, and easy production.

The invention relates to a photo-electrochemical cell with a nanostructure for solar hydrogen production and preparation thereof, and belongs to the field of utilization of a new energy resource. A photo-electrode with the nanostructure is a nanorod array with zinc oxide deposited on one side of a conductive substrate. The method comprises the following steps of: growing a thin zinc oxide seed layer on the conductive substrate by chemical thermal decomposition; reversely placing the substrate in reaction solution to prepare the zinc oxide nanorod array photo-electrode with controllable size by using a liquid-phase chemical deposition method; and finally assembling the photo-electrode into the photo-electrochemical cell. The zinc oxide nanorod array photo-electrochemical cell has superior performance and readily available chemical raw materials, and avoids a high-temperature annealing process so as to save the cost compared with a conventional method. The method has the advantages of simple technological process, easy control, simple preparation and test equipment, easy mass production and the like.

The invention discloses a solar hydrogen energy automobile. A folded photovoltaic cell panel is arranged on a ceiling of an automobile body, and the output end of the folded photovoltaic cell panel is connected with a storage battery through a solar inverter, and the output end of the solar inverter is further connected with a hydrogen generator. The hydrogen generator is communicated with a liquid hydrogen storage tank through a refrigeration compressor. The liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with a liquid hydrogen gasification stabilizer, and the gasification stabilizer is connected with an electric control ignition system of a hydrogen fuel automobile engine. A cooled hot gas recoverer is mounted on an exhaust port of the engine, and the outlet end of the hot gas recoverer is connected with the hydrogen generator. The gasification stabilizer is further connected with a cold gas circulator and the hot gas recoverer. The solar hydrogen energy automobile has the advantages of being free of pollution, capable of achieving zero emission, capable of fully utilizing solar energy and hydrogen energy, capable of enabling waste cold and heat energy to be recycled, capable of recycling energy, high in energy utilization rate, low in weight, high in strength, and high in impact resistance. The driving range of the automobile can reach 1000 kilometers.

The invention discloses a solar hydrogen permeation membrane reaction device. The device comprises a solar heat collection device and a thermal chemical reactor; the solar heat collecting device comprises a solar concentrating device and a solar heat collecting tube arranged below the solar concentrating device; the solar heat collecting tube sequentially comprises an antireflection film, a light-transmitting glass tube and a metal heat absorption inner tube; the outer surface of the light-transmitting glass tube is coated with the antireflection film; a sealed vacuum interlayer is formed between the light-transmitting glass tube and the metal heat absorption inner tube; the thermal chemical reactor is arranged in the metal heat absorption inner pipe; the thermal chemical reactor comprisesa porous ceramic substrate tube; the outer surface of the porous ceramic substrate tube is coated with a selective hydrogen permeation membrane; a hot chemical reaction channel is formed between theporous ceramic substrate pipe and the metal heat absorption inner pipe; and a hydrogen separation channel is formed in the porous ceramic substrate pipe. According to the solar hydrogen permeation membrane reaction device provided by the invention, solar energy is used as reaction energy, so that the device can save energy and protect the environment, and has higher energy utilization efficiency.Meanwhile, the generation and separation of hydrogen are integrated, the flow is simplified, and the reaction conversion rate is improved.

The invention provides a visible-light response type automatic-bias photoelectrical catalytic water decomposition hydrogen production and electricity generation system. The visible-light response type automatic-bias photoelectrical catalytic water decomposition hydrogen production and electricity generation system comprises a visible-light response type Bi2S3 sensitized TiO2 nanotube array film photo-anode, a visible-light response type silicon cell photo-cathode decorated with platinum, an electrolyte, a visible-light source, a quartz reaction tank and a quartz gas collecting tube. The materials of the photo-anode and the materials of the photo-cathode are both high in visible-light absorption performance. The photo-anode and the photo-cathode are inserted into a 0.1-0.5 M Na2S electrolyte solution at the same time and are connected through an external circuit. The visible-light source is switched on to irradiate the photo-anode and the photo-cathode, the photo-anode and the photo-cathode respectively generate an electrode reaction and then form a loop through the external circuit, and therefore automatic-bias photoelectrical catalytic hydrogen production and electricity generation are achieved. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the visible-light response type automatic-bias photoelectrical catalytic water decomposition hydrogen production and electricity generation system. The visible-light response type automatic-bias photoelectrical catalytic water decomposition hydrogen production and electricity generation system can be applied to solar hydrogen production and electricity generation at the same time and has the advantages of visible-light response, efficient hydrogen production and electricity generation, good stability and low cost. The visible-light response type automatic-bias photoelectrical catalytic water decomposition hydrogen production and electricity generation system and the preparation method of the system have an important significance in developing the solar hydrogen production and electricity generation technology.

The invention provides a novel two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheet-MoS2 composite solar hydrogen production material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The novel two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheet-MoS2 composite solar hydrogen production material provided by the invention is prepared by using simple ultrasonic peeling and solvent thermal reaction methods, and the black phosphorus nanosheet-MoS2 composite solar hydrogen production material is of a typical two-dimensional composite structure. The developed two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheet-MoS2 composite solar hydrogen production material can be effectively applied to hydrogen preparation from photocatalytic decomposition water. The two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheet-MoS2 composite solarhydrogen production material provided by the invention has the advantages of being green and environmental-friendly, low in cost, good in visible light response, good in stability, simple in preparation process, and the like.

One embodiment of the invention includes a PV array and an electrolyzer operatively connected together and each operatively connected to a utility power grid so that electricity produced by the PV array is selectively delivered to the utility power grid and the electrolyzer. The resulting process increases the efficiency of the solar-hydrogen production process, and results in lower-cost renewable hydrogen.

The invention provides a composite nanoparticle photocatalyst with the Au-TiO2 thorny heterostructure and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of semi-conductor photocatalysts. Compared with the methods that TiO2 grows on well-prepared Au nanoparticles serving as seeds or Au nanoparticles are precipitated on a TiO2 material through chemical reduction, the preparation method of the composite nanoparticle photocatalyst effectively avoids the situations that a surface active agent is utilized to stabilize the Au nanoparticles and using of a chemical reducing agent, andmakes Au be tightly contacted with TiO2. The preparation method is beneficial for improvement of the preparation repeatability of the composite nanoparticle photocatalyst with the Au-TiO2 thorny heterostructure and the catalysis efficiency and stability thereof when serving as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst. A test result proves that the visible light (lambda<max> 420nm) catalysis effect and the sterilizing effect of the catalyst are obviously improved than commercialized TiO2 (P25). The composite nanoparticle photocatalyst has the advantages that the preparation method is simple, the repeatability is good, large-scale production can be implemented, and has the good application prospect in the fields of photocatalytical degradation of environmental pollutants, sterilization, solar cells and solar hydrogen production.

The invention provides a preparation method of fluorescent carbon quantum dots, belongs to the technical field of preparation of nanomaterials, particularly relates to a preparation method of a fluorescent material, and aims at solving the problems that an existing semiconductor quantum dot and organic dye preparation method is fussy, high in price and unfriendly to environment, and photo-bleaching is easily generated. The method comprises the following steps: (1) with crystalline flake graphite as a raw material, preparing graphite oxide (GOFe) by a K2FeO4 oxidation method; and (2) with graphite oxide powder as the raw material, preparing the carbon quantum dots (CDots) by a microwave hydrothermal method. The method provided by the invention is simple and clear in synthetic process, high in efficiency and short in period; the obtained carbon quantum dots are high in purity and small in particle sizes and have monodispersity, water solubility and up-conversion and down-conversion fluorescence characteristics; and the prepared fluorescent carbon quantum dots are applied to biological fluorescent labeling and solar hydrogen production.

The invention provides a functionalized graphene composite fused salt which comprises functionalized graphene and a fused salt which are mixed in a certain mass ratio. The fused salt is a nitrate mixture, and the functionalized graphene is graphene oxide or metalized graphene oxide. Compared with other fused salts, such as nitrates, graphene-base fused salts and metal-base fused salts, the functionalized graphene composite fused salt has obviously improved properties, and has the advantages of high thermal conductivity, high heat storage density, favorable comprehensive properties, high recyclability and the like. When being used as a heat-transfer heat-storage material, the functionalized graphene composite fused salt is applicable to the technical fields of solar light, thermal power generation, solar hydrogen production and the like.

The invention provides a high-efficiency self-coupling solar hydrogen production system, which comprises a plurality of subsystems and each subsystem consists of a photoelectric unit and an electrolytic unit, wherein, the material of the photoelectric unit is Al1-xGaxAs / Si, and the electrolytic unit consists of Pt-based cathode materials, ruthenium oxide-based anode materials and 1M HClO4 or 1M KOH electrolyte; the photoelectric unit is directly connected with the electrolytic unit; and the photoelectric unit supplies the electrolytic voltage between 1.30 and 1.40 volt to the electrolytic unit after connection. The system can greatly improve the transformation efficiency of solar energy-hydrogen.

The invention discloses an all-thin-film silicon semiconductor double-electrode bias-free photoelectrocatalysis full-water-decomposition hydrogen production system and application thereof. The systemcomprises a photoanode, a photocathode, an electrolyte, a light source and an electrolytic tank, wherein the structure of the photoanode sequentially comprises a substrate layer, a single-section silicon thin film with an n / i / p structure and an oxide thin film; the structure of the photocathode sequentially comprises a substrate layer, a single-section silicon film having a p / i / n structure and hydrogen production metal nanoparticles. The system is the first all-thin-film silicon semiconductor two-electrode system formed by combining a silicon film electrode with a catalyst, the bias-free fullwater decomposition efficiency is 0.92%, and hope and a strategy are provided for realizing large-scale sustainable solar hydrogen production.

The invention discloses a self-bias photoelectrochemical cell for solar hydrogen production, and relates to a self-bias photoelectrochemical cell composed of a semiconductor photoelectrode that can truly realize solar energy-electric energy-chemical energy (hydrogen, oxygen) conversion, It belongs to the field of clean and renewable new energy utilization and new material preparation. A self-biased photoelectrochemical cell for hydrogen production by solar energy is composed of a photoanode with photoelectric response capability, a photocathode with photoelectric response capability, electrolyte and an external circuit. The connection relationship is as follows: the photoanode and the photocathode are partially immersed in the electrolyte, and the unimmersed part is connected by an external circuit. Its working process is: when sunlight irradiates the battery, a potential difference is generated between the photoanode and the photocathode, and a photogenerated current can be generated when the external circuit is connected. The invention successfully realizes a photoelectrochemical cell that completely relies on solar energy for energy conversion. The cell has a simple structure, saves cost, is easy to produce on a large scale, and has good application prospects.

The invention provides a solar hydrogen, power and methanol coproduction and energy storage system and an application method thereof. The solar hydrogen, power and methanol coproduction and energy storage system comprises a solar chemical chain reaction system, wherein the solar chemical chain reaction system comprises a first solar chemical chain reactor and a second solar chemical chain reactor;methane and raw water are subjected to chemical chain reforming reaction; a chemical chain reaction manner is adopted so that low-consumption and high-efficiency reforming of the methane is realized.According to the solar hydrogen, power and methanol coproduction and energy storage system provided by the invention, a hydrogen gas purification reactor and a hydrogenation reactor are connected andproduced hydrogen gas is transformed into a liquid-state substance in hydrogenation reactor through hydrogenation reaction, so that a product has a liquid state and the product is easy to store and transport in a large scale. According to the solar hydrogen, power and methanol coproduction and energy storage system provided by the invention, the methane and the raw water are transformed into synthetic gas by utilizing high-temperature solar energy and the absorbed solar energy is stored in chemical energy of biomasses, so that the calorific value of the fuel is improved; a synthesis reactionenergy-releasing system and a steam-water system are used for carrying out subsequent transformation, so that coproduction of the hydrogen gas, methanol and electric power is realized and relatively high economic value is created.

Techniques for photocatalytic hydrogen generation are provided. In one aspect, a hydrogen producing cell is provided. The hydrogen producing cell includes an anode electrode; a photocatalytic material adjacent to the anode electrode; a solid electrolyte adjacent to a side of the photocatalytic material opposite the anode electrode; and a cathode electrode adjacent to a side of the solid electrolyte opposite the photocatalytic material. A solar hydrogen producing system including at least one solar concentrating assembly having the hydrogen producing cell, and a method for producing hydrogen using the hydrogen producing cell are also provided.

An energy system includes an solar hydrogen producing unit (101) that produces hydrogen through decomposition of water by a photocatalytic effect, a fuel cell (103) that generates electricity by a reaction between the hydrogen produced by the solar hydrogen producing unit (101) and an oxidizing gas and discharges water as a reaction product, and a water distribution mechanism (104) that returns the water serving as the reaction product discharged from the fuel cell (103) to the solar hydrogen producing unit (101). With the configuration, an energy system that suppresses an amount of external water supply to a low level to achieve good water balance can be provided.

The invention relates to a power supply device employing solar hydrogen new energy technology in a water-saving sprinkling irrigation system, and belongs to the technical field of new energy application. Sunlight irradiates a solar cell to generate current; the current is input into a water electrolysis hydrogen making device through a conductor wire; the hydrogen is compressed to enter a hydrogen fuel storage container; hydrogen fuel output from the hydrogen fuel storage container is input into a hydrogen fuel cell; hydrogen can efficiently release electric energy through an electrochemical reaction; the current is input into an electric supercharging device in a water storage container, an electric pressure controller and an electric water intake pump through a conductor wire; fresh water contained in a tank wall is sucked into the water storage container through a water inlet filter and a water inlet pipe due to the operation of the electric water intake pump; the electric supercharging device and the electric pressure controller supercharges the fresh water sucked into the water storage container; and the supercharged fresh water is sprayed through a water remote controller, a water outlet pipe and a water injection device so as to perform water-saving sprinkling irrigation on crops.

The invention discloses a modeling method of a wind-solar hydrogen storage seawater desalination system. The modeling method comprises the following steps: establishing operation energy consumption models of a photovoltaic module, a wind turbine, a hydrogen storage system and a water storage tank of the wind-solar hydrogen storage seawater desalination system; establishing life cycle cost models of a photovoltaic system, a wind power system, a fuel cell, an electrolytic bath, a hydrogen storage tank and a reverse osmosis seawater desalination system in the wind-solar hydrogen storage seawater desalination system; the minimum total life cycle cost of the wind-solar hydrogen storage seawater desalination system being used as an objective function, and an operation optimization model being established in combination with operation constraint conditions of a hydrogen tank and the seawater desalination system. The model combines a plurality of renewable energy sources, makes up for the defect of output intermittence of a single renewable energy source, improves the reliability of a power supply system, reduces the cost of producing fresh water by a seawater desalination system, improves the working efficiency and economic benefits of a wind-solar hydrogen storage seawater desalination system, and has a relatively high practical application value.