The invention discloses a supercritical water gasification hydrogen production and heat absorption reactor for a multi-disk solar heat-collecting coupling biomass, which comprises a cavity type solar absorption reactor, a first cooler and a second cooler, wherein the cavity type solar absorption reactor comprises an endothermic reaction cavity and a pre-heated water heating cavity, inner cavity walls of the endothermic reaction cavity and the pre-heated water heating cavity are provided with insulating layers, an opening at the upper end of the endothermic reaction cavity is sealed by silica glass, a pipe flow reactor is arranged in the endothermic reaction cavity, and the bottom of the endothermic reaction cavity is provided with a material preheater; the pre-heated water heating cavity is internally provided with a pre-heated water heater, a crawler-type electric heater is used for heating, and a heat storage medium is filled in the pre-heated water heating cavity; and a screw shelltype high-pressure heat exchanger is wound outside the pre-heated water heating cavity. The supercritical water gasification hydrogen production and heat absorption reactor has the advantages of small temperature fluctuation in the solar absorption cavity, high biomass supercritical water gasification rate, high energy comprehensive utilization efficiency and the like, and is beneficial to the realization of efficient, low-cost and massive hydrogen production through supercritical water gasification of focused solar heat coupling biomass.