Method and apparatus for motion-based vehicle ranging

Abstract

Vehicle-based user equipment (V-UE) may transmit ranging signals, e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS), via vehicle-to-vehicle messages. Broadcast parameters for the ranging signals, such as transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof, may be adjusted based on one or more motion characteristics of the vehicles (804, 806). If a high speed or a large acceleration or turning rate is detected, the rate of transmission and / or the resource blocks included in the ranging signal may be increased. By increasing the rate of transmission and / or the resource blocks in the ranging signal, other vehicles receiving the ranging signal may update the distance more frequently and with greater accuracy for increased safety while the transmitting vehicle is traveling at a high speed or acceleration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 16 / 901,915, filed on June 15, 2020, entitled "METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MOTION - BASED VEHICLE RANGING", which was assigned to the assignee of this application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002]

[0002] The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus for vehicle ranging in a wireless communication system.

Background Art

[0003]

[0003] Obtaining accurate location information for user equipment such as cellular phones or other wireless communication devices has become widespread in the communications industry. For example, obtaining a very accurate location of a vehicle or a pedestrian is essential for autonomous vehicle driving and pedestrian safety applications.

[0004] [

[0004] ] Coordinated or automated driving requires communication between vehicles, which can be direct or, for example, indirect via infrastructure components such as roadside units (RSUs). In the case of vehicle safety applications, the vehicle user equipment (UE) broadcasts a ranging signal for other vehicle UEs or pedestrian UEs to determine the relative location of the transmitters. Accurate and timely knowledge of the relative location or distance to nearby vehicles enables automated vehicles to operate safely and negotiate traffic conditions. However, the traffic state, including the location of nearby vehicles, can change rapidly in an unpredictable manner, for example, when a nearby vehicle suddenly accelerates or decelerates, or makes some sudden change in the direction of travel. Vehicle ranging procedures must adapt to sudden changes in the movement of the vehicle to ensure safe vehicle operation.

Summary of the Invention

[0005]

[0005] User equipment in a vehicle (V-UE) can transmit ranging signals, such as positioning reference signals (PRS), via inter-vehicle messages. Broadcast parameters for the ranging signals, such as the timing of transmission, bandwidth, or a combination thereof, can be adjusted based on one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle. If a high speed, large acceleration, or high rate of turning is detected, the rate of transmission and / or the resource blocks included in the ranging signal can be increased. By increasing the rate of transmission and / or the resource blocks in the ranging signal, other vehicles receiving the ranging signal can update the distance more frequently and with higher accuracy for increased safety while the transmitting vehicle is moving at a high speed or acceleration.

[0006]

[0006] In one implementation, a method for ranging between vehicles implemented by a device in a vehicle includes detecting one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle, where the one or more motion characteristics include at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning, and adjusting at least one of the timing of transmission, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal to be broadcast based on the detected one or more motion characteristics, and broadcasting the ranging signal using the adjusted timing of transmission, bandwidth, or a combination thereof.

[0007]

[0007] In one implementation, a wireless device in a vehicle configured to support ranging between vehicles includes a wireless transceiver configured to communicate in a wireless network, at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled to the wireless transceiver and the at least one memory. The at least one processor is configured to detect one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle, where the one or more movement characteristics include at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning, and to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal to be broadcast based on the detected one or more movement characteristics, and to broadcast the ranging signal via the wireless transceiver using the adjusted transmission timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof.

[0008]

[0008] In one implementation, a wireless device in a vehicle configured to support ranging between vehicles includes means for detecting one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle, where the one or more movement characteristics include at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning, means for adjusting at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal to be broadcast based on the detected one or more movement characteristics, and means for broadcasting the ranging signal using the adjusted transmission timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof.

[0009]

[0009] In one implementation, a non-transitory storage medium including stored program code, where the program code is operable to configure at least one processor in a wireless device in a vehicle configured to support ranging between vehicles, and the non-transitory storage medium includes program code for detecting one or more movement characteristics of a vehicle, where the one or more movement characteristics include at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning, program code for adjusting at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal to be broadcast based on the detected one or more movement characteristics, and program code for broadcasting the ranging signal using the adjusted transmission timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof.

[0010]

[0010] In one implementation, a method for ranging between vehicles implemented by an entity in a wireless communication system includes receiving, from a device in a vehicle, a request to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal based on one or more detected movement characteristics of the vehicle, where the one or more movement characteristics include at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning, determining an adjustment of at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal, and transmitting an instruction to the device in the vehicle to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal to be broadcast by the device in the vehicle.

[0011]

[0011] In one implementation form, an entity in a wireless communication system configured to support ranging between vehicles in the wireless communication system includes an external interface configured to communicate in a wireless network, at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled to the external interface and the at least one memory. The at least one processor is to receive, via the external interface, a request from a device in a vehicle to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal based on one or more detected movement characteristics of the vehicle, where the one or more movement characteristics include at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning; determine an adjustment of at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal; and transmit, via the external interface, an instruction to the device in the vehicle to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal to be broadcast by the device in the vehicle.

[0012]

[0012] In one implementation form, an entity in a wireless communication system configured to support ranging between vehicles in the wireless communication system includes means for receiving, from a device in a vehicle, a request to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal based on one or more detected movement characteristics of the vehicle, where the one or more movement characteristics include at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning; means for determining an adjustment of at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal; and means for transmitting, to the device in the vehicle, an instruction to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal to be broadcast by the device in the vehicle.

[0013]

[0013] In one implementation, a non-transitory storage medium including stored program code, the program code being operable to configure at least one processor in an entity in a wireless communication system configured to support ranging between vehicles in the wireless communication system, the non-transitory storage medium being for receiving from a device in a vehicle a request to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal based on one or more detected movement characteristics of the vehicle, one or more movement characteristics comprising at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning, program code for determining an adjustment of at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal, and program code for transmitting an instruction to the device in the vehicle to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal to be broadcast by the device in the vehicle.

[0014]

[0014] The following figures are described in a non-limiting and non-exhaustive manner with reference to the following figures, and like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various figures unless otherwise specified.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015]

Figure 1

[0015] A diagram showing a wireless communication system for vehicle-to-vehicle communication including adjustably broadcasting a ranging signal based on vehicle movement characteristics.

Figure 2

[0016] A diagram of the structure of an exemplary LTE (registered trademark) subframe sequence having a positioning reference signal (PRS) positioning occasion.

Figure 3

[0017] A diagram showing a further aspect of PRS transmission for a cell supported by a wireless node.

Figure 4A

[0018] A diagram showing an environment where a vehicle is moving on a road and broadcast parameters of a ranging signal can be adjusted based on the movement characteristics of the vehicle.

Figure 4B

Figure 5

[0019] A message flow showing an example of vehicle - to - vehicle message exchange in which broadcast parameters of a ranging signal are adjusted based on the movement characteristics of a vehicle.

Figure 6

[0020] A diagram showing an example of a hardware implementation form of a user equipment (UE) for a vehicle that can adjust broadcast parameters of a ranging signal based on the movement characteristics of the vehicle.

Figure 7

[0021] A diagram showing an example of a hardware implementation form of an entity in a wireless communication system configured to support ranging between vehicles in the wireless communication system based on the movement characteristics of the vehicles.

Figure 8

[0022] A flowchart showing ranging between vehicles implemented by a device in a vehicle where broadcast parameters of a ranging signal are adjusted based on the movement characteristics of the vehicle.

Figure 9

[0023] A flowchart showing ranging between vehicles implemented by an entity in a wireless communication system where broadcast parameters of a ranging signal are adjusted based on the movement characteristics of the vehicle.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0016]

[0024] Inter-vehicle communication can be used, for example, for autonomous driving and vehicle safety applications. Inter-vehicle communication can be direct, such as vehicle-to-vehicle, or indirect, such as via infrastructure components such as roadside units (RSUs). Inter-vehicle communication can include messages and information elements (IEs) that a vehicle can provide the information necessary for autonomous driving.

[0017]

[0025] For example, for the safe operation of an autonomous vehicle, it is necessary to determine the relative location or distance to other vehicles. Various methods can be used to derive the relative position between vehicles. For example, the relative position of a vehicle can be derived using ranging signaling. The ranging signal may be referred to as a physical ranging signal, a positioning ranging signal, a positioning reference signal, or a physical reference signal, and may be collectively referred to herein as a PRS signal. The PRS signal is broadcast, for example, by a user equipment (UE) in a vehicle sometimes called a V-UE, and can be received by other V-UEs and / or infrastructure using direct communication systems such as dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication, and even 5G new radio (NR) communication. The PRS signal is used, for example, to determine the distance to the broadcast vehicle using one-way ranging, round-trip time (RTT) positioning operations, or other standard positioning operations such as time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), or observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA).

[0018]

[0026] Generally, in the case of PRS-based positioning, all vehicles broadcast PRS so that all other vehicles can receive the broadcast PRS and determine the distance to the vehicle that broadcast it. The PRS can be broadcast in unlicensed spectrum or licensed spectrum. The transmission of PRS can be either periodic or event-triggered. Further, the vehicle that broadcasts the PRS and the vehicle that receives it may need to be synchronized. Since all vehicles need to broadcast PRS, there are always a large number of PRSs being broadcast, which can result in a large overhead.

[0019]

[0027] PRS broadcast parameters such as the timing and bandwidth of transmission can be configured based on the average driving state. However, the driving state can change rapidly in an unexpected manner, including the way nearby vehicles operate. For example, nearby vehicles can suddenly change speed or direction. In such a state, PRS broadcast using consistent timing and bandwidth parameters may be insufficient for a vehicle to determine the relative location of other vehicles and continue safe operation.

[0020]

[0028] Therefore, it is desirable to adjust the timing and / or bandwidth of PRS transmission based on the movement of the vehicle or one or more movement characteristics for more accurate ranging and positioning. For example, based on vehicle movement characteristics such as speed, acceleration, deceleration, or rate of turn exceeding a predetermined threshold, the V-UE can adjust the PRS broadcast parameters to broadcast PRS more frequently and / or increase the bandwidth of PRS transmission. The predetermined threshold used to detect high speed or large acceleration can be changed based on factors such as geography or road condition, the initial speed of the vehicle, etc.

[0021]

[0029] FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system 100 that includes adjustably broadcasting ranging signals based on the movement characteristics of a vehicle, as described herein, for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. The wireless communication system 100 shows a first vehicle 102 having a first wireless device that is wirelessly communicating with another V-UE 104 shown as a second vehicle, e.g., V-UE 102. V-UE 102 and V-UE 104 may comprise, without limitation, on-board units (OBUs), vehicles or subsystems thereof, or various other communication devices. V-UE 102 and 104 function on behalf of their associated vehicles to provide communication and are thus sometimes simply referred to herein as vehicles 102 and 104. The first vehicle 102 and the second vehicle 104 may be, for example, two vehicles traveling on a road along with other vehicles not shown.

[0022]

[0030] The wireless communication system 100 may use, for example, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication standard in which information is passed between vehicles and other entities within a wireless communication network. V2X services include, for example, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-network (V2N) services. The V2X standard is used to develop autonomous or semi-autonomous driving systems such as ADAS that assist a driver in important decisions such as lane changes, speed changes, passing speeds, and to assist in parking as described herein. Low-latency communication is used in V2X and is thus suitable for accurate relative positioning using ranging signals such as, for example, one-way ranging, RTT, TDOA.

[0023]

[0031] Generally, as defined in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) TS 23.285, there are two operating modes for V2X services. One operating mode uses direct wireless communication between V2X entities when they are V2X entities. The other operating mode uses network-based wireless communication between entities. The two operating modes can be combined or other operating modes can be used if desired.

[0024]

[0032] As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system 100 can operate using direct or indirect wireless communication between vehicle 102 and vehicle 104. For example, the wireless communication can be, for example, via the Proximity-based Service (ProSe) direct communication (PC5) reference point defined in 3GPP TS 23.303, wireless communication under IEEE 1609 on the 5.9 GHz ITS band, Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE), Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), and IEEE 802.11p, or other direct wireless connections between entities can be used. Thus, as illustrated, vehicle 102 and vehicle 104 can communicate directly using the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication link 105.

[0025]

[0033] In other implementations, vehicles 102 and 104 may communicate indirectly, for example, through roadside unit (RSU) 110 via vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication links 112 and 114, respectively. RSU 110 may support, for example, V2X applications and may be a fixed infrastructure entity capable of exchanging messages with other entities that support V2X use cases. The RSU may be a logical entity that combines the functions of a base station in the radio access network (RAN), such as an eNB (referred to as an eNB-type RSU), an ng-eNB, or an eLTE, or a gNB, or a UE (referred to as a UE-type RSU), with V2X application logic. Vehicles 102, 104, and RSU 106 may communicate with additional entities, such as additional vehicles, RSUs, or pedestrians (not shown), using direct or indirect communication links. RSU 110 may be able to determine the relative distances of vehicles 102 and 104 using PRS broadcasts by vehicles 102 and 104.

[0026]

[0034] During direct communication with one or more entities in V2X wireless communication system 100, each entity may provide V2X information, such as an identifier for the V2X entity, as well as other information in messages such as common awareness messages (CAMs) and decentralized notification messages (DENMs) or basic safety messages (BSMs), which may be used, for example, for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) or safety use cases.

[0027]

[0035] Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system 100 may operate using indirect wireless communication, for example, using cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X). For example, a vehicle may communicate via a base station 122 in a radio access network (RAN) such as an evolved Node B (eNB) or a next-generation evolved Node B (ng-eNB) in LTE wireless access and / or an evolved LTE (eLTE) wireless access or an NR Node B (gNB) in fifth-generation (5G) wireless access. Thus, as shown, vehicles 102 and 104 may wirelessly communicate with a base station 122 in network infrastructure 120 via communication links 123 and 125. In some implementations, the base station 122 may communicate directly with the RSU 110 via communication link 116. The base station 122 may also communicate with other base stations 124 through a network 128 such as an IP layer 126 and an evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) / Single Cell Point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) network. The V2X application server 130 may be part of or connected to the IP layer 126, receive information, route it among V2X entities, and receive other external inputs. The base station 124 may wirelessly communicate with other V2X entities such as the RSU 110 via communication link 127 or with vehicles 102 and 104 via a communication link (not shown).

[0028]

[0036] Vehicles 102 and 104 may broadcast PRS on links 105, 112, 114, 123, or 125 where the distance or relative position between vehicles 102 and 104 can be determined. The PRS broadcast by vehicles 102 and 104 can be any signal suitable for ranging as defined, for example, for DSRC or C-V2X. The PRS can be broadcast on an authorized spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum. For example, in some implementations, the PRS can be broadcast on one or more unlicensed Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) radio bands, which include, for example, one or more of the UNII-1 radio band, the UNII-2A radio band, the UNII-2B radio band, or the UNII-3 radio band. When broadcast on an unlicensed spectrum, a listen before transmit (LBT) protocol can be employed.

[0029]

[0037] For example, when vehicles 102 and 104 broadcast PRS in V2V link 105, the distance or relative position between vehicles 102 and 104 can be directly determined using, for example, one-way ranging, RTT, or other suitable ranging techniques. On the other hand, when vehicles 102 and 104 broadcast PRS in V2I links 112 and 114 or via links 123 and 125, the distance or relative position between vehicles 102 and 104 can be determined using one-way ranging, RTT, or other suitable positioning techniques, and can be indirectly determined based on the distance or relative position between vehicle 102 and RSU 110 (or base station 122) and the distance or relative position between vehicle 104 and RSU 110 (or base station 122).

[0030]

[0038] V2V communication based on direct wireless communication between vehicles 102 and 104 does not require any network infrastructure, enables low-latency communication, which is advantageous for accurate ranging or positioning. Thus, such direct wireless V2V communication may be desirable for ranging over a short distance to nearby vehicles, for example, while ranging between vehicles over a large distance has more relaxed latency requirements and thus it may be possible to utilize vehicle-to-vehicle signaling via V2V link 105, as well as utilize vehicle-to-infrastructure signaling via links 112 and 114 or via links 123 and 125.

[0031]

[0039] Figure 2 shows the structure of an exemplary subframe sequence 200 with a PRS positioning occasion. Subframe sequence 200 may be applicable for broadcasting PRS signals from V-UEs 102 and 104 in wireless communication system 100. While Figure 2 gives an example of a subframe sequence for Long Term Evolution (LTE) under the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), similar subframe sequence implementations may be realized for other communication technologies / protocols including V2X.

[0032]

[0040] In Figure 2, time is represented in the horizontal direction (e.g., on the X-axis), with time increasing from left to right, and frequency is represented in the vertical direction (e.g., on the Y-axis), with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top. As shown in Figure 2, downlink and uplink radio frames 210 may each have a duration of 10 ms. In the case of downlink frequency division duplexing (FDD) mode, radio frame 210 is divided into 10 subframes 212 each having a duration of 1 ms in the illustrated embodiment. Each subframe 212 comprises two slots 214 each having a duration of, for example, 0.5 ms.

[0033]

[0041] In the frequency domain, the available bandwidth can be divided into equally spaced orthogonal subcarriers 216. For example, in the case of a normal-length cyclic prefix using an interval of 15 kHz, the subcarriers 216 can be grouped into groups of 12 subcarriers. Each grouping of 12 subcarriers 216 is called a resource block, and in the above example, the number of subcarriers in the resource block can be described as

[0034]

Number

[0035] and can be described as such. For a given channel bandwidth, the number 222 of available resource blocks on each channel, also called the transmission bandwidth configuration 222, is

[0036]

Number

[0037] shown as. For example, for a 3 MHz channel bandwidth in the above example, the number of available resource blocks on each channel 222 is

[0038]

Number

[0039] given by.

[0040]

[0042] In the wireless communication system 100 shown in FIG. 1, the V-UE 102 that is performing sidelink communication with another V-UE 104 may transmit a frame or other physical layer signaling sequence that supports a PRS signal (i.e., sidelink PRS) according to a frame configuration that is the same as or similar to the frame configurations shown in FIGS. 2 and (as will be described later) 3, which may be measured and used for vehicle ranging. As described above, other types of wireless nodes (e.g., RSU 110) and base stations 122, 124 may also be configured to transmit or receive PRS signals configured in a manner similar to (or the same as) the manner shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Since the transmission of PRS by a wireless node or base station targets all V-UEs within the wireless range, the wireless node or base station may also be considered to transmit (or broadcast) the PRS.

[0041]

[0043] The PRS defined in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE Release 9 and later releases may be transmitted by a wireless node (e.g., a base station) after appropriate configuration (e.g., by an operation and maintenance (O&M) server). The PRS may be transmitted in special positioning subframes grouped into positioning occasions. The PRS opportunities may be grouped into one or more PRS occasion groups. For example, in LTE, a PRS positioning occasion may comprise N PRS consecutive positioning subframes, where N PRS may be between 1 and 160 (e.g., may include values 1, 2, 4, and 6 as well as other values). The PRS positioning occasions for a cell supported by a wireless node may occur periodically at intervals indicated by an interval of several T PRS milliseconds (or subframes), where T PRS may be equal to 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, or 1280 (or any other appropriate value). As an example, FIG. 2 shows the period of the positioning occasion, where N PRS is equal to 4 and 218, TPRS is 220 which is 20 or more. In some embodiments, T PRS can be measured with respect to the number of subframes between the start of successive positioning occasions.

[0042]

[0044] FIG. 3 shows an exemplary PRS configuration 300 for a cell supported by a wireless node (such as a base station). Again, although PRS transmissions for LTE are assumed in FIG. 3, aspects of PRS transmissions that are the same as or similar to the PRS transmissions shown and described in FIG. 3 can be applied to sidelink transmissions between V-UEs 102 and 104 in V2X and / or other wireless technologies. FIG. 3 shows how a PRS positioning occasion is determined by a system frame number (SFN), a cell specific subframe offset (Δ PRS ) 352, and a PRS period (T PRS ) 320. Generally, the cell specific PRS subframe configuration is defined by a “PRS Configuration Index” I PRS included in the OTDOA assistance data. The PRS period (T PRS ) 320 and the cell specific subframe offset (Δ PRS ) are defined in 3GPP TS 36.211 entitled “Physical channels and modulation” based on the PRS configuration index I PRS . The PRS configuration is defined with respect to the system frame number (SFN) of the cell that transmits the PRS. A PRS instance is for the first subframe of the N PRS downlink subframes that includes the first PRS positioning occasion,

[0043]

Number

[0044]

[0045] can be satisfied, where n fwhere \(0\leq n\) f \(\leq1023\) is the SFN, and \(n\) s where \(0\leq n\) s \(\leq19\), is the slot number within the radio frame defined by \(n\) f , \(T\) PRS is the PRS period 320, and \(\Delta\) PRS is the cell-specific subframe offset 352.

[0045]

[0046] As shown in FIG. 3, the cell-specific subframe offset \(\Delta\) PRS 352 can be defined with respect to the number of subframes transmitted from system frame number 0 (slot "number 0", marked as slot 350) to the start of the first (subsequent) PRS positioning occasion. In the example of FIG. 3, the number of consecutive positioning subframes (\(N\) PRS ) in each of the consecutive PRS positioning occasions 318a, 318b, and 318c is equal to 4.

[0046]

[0047] In general, PRS occasions from all cells in a network using the same frequency can be time-aligned and can have a fixed known time offset (e.g., cell-specific subframe offset 352) with respect to other cells in a network using different frequencies. In an SFN-synchronized network, all wireless nodes (e.g., base stations) can be aligned both on the frame boundary and the system frame number. Thus, in an SFN-synchronized network, all cells supported by various wireless nodes can use the same PRS configuration index for any particular frequency of PRS transmission. On the other hand, in an SFN-asynchronous network, various wireless nodes can be aligned on the frame boundary but may not be aligned on the system frame number. Thus, in an SFN-asynchronous network, the PRS configuration index for each cell can be configured separately by the network so that the PRS occasions are time-aligned.

[0047]

[0048] As defined by 3GPP (e.g., in 3GPP TS 36.211), in the LTE system, the sequence of subframes used to transmit PRS (e.g., for OTDOA positioning) can, as previously explained, be characterized and defined by several parameters including (i) a reserved block of bandwidth (BW), (ii) a configuration index I PRS , (iii) a duration N PRS , (iv) an optional mute pattern, and (v) a mute sequence period T that can be implicitly included as part of the mute pattern of (iv) when it exists REP . In some cases, for a fairly low PRS duty cycle, N PRS = 1 and T PRS = 160 subframes (equal to 160 ms), and BW = 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz. To increase the PRS duty cycle, the N PRS value can be increased to 6 (i.e., N PRS = 6), and the bandwidth (BW) value can be increased to the system bandwidth (i.e., in the case of LTE, BW = LTE system bandwidth). Larger N PRS (e.g., greater than 6) and / or shorter T PRS (e.g., shorter than 160 ms) for extended PRS can also be used in later versions of LPP according to 3GPP TS 36.355 up to full duty cycle (i.e., N PRS = T PRS ). Directional PRS can be configured as described now according to 3GPP TS and can use, for example, a low PRS duty cycle (e.g., N PRS = 1 and T PRS = 160 subframes) or a high duty cycle.

[0048]

[0049] As described above, the subframe sequence 200 with PRS positioning occasions and the PRS configuration 300 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are specific to LTE. Nevertheless, similar subframe sequences and PRS configurations can be used for V2X, for example, with appropriate modifications. For example, in some implementations, for V2X, PRS candidate slots can occur every 100 milliseconds and can span 100 RBs over a 20 MHz bandwidth.

[0049]

[0050] The relative location between vehicles can be determined as the distance between the vehicles based on PRS. For example, V-UE 102 can broadcast PRS and can further transmit, for example, the time of PRS transmission in an ITS message. The receiving V-UE 104 receives the PRS and uses the time of reception measured at V-UE 104 together with the time of transmission provided by V-UE 102 to determine the time of flight of the PRS. V-UE 104 can determine the distance or range between the vehicles based on the time of flight and the speed of light. Other ranging techniques such as RTT can be used if desired.

[0050]

[0051] FIGS. 4A and 4B show environments 400 and 450 in which several vehicles 402, 404, and 406 are traveling along the same road. The RSU 110 can be present as shown. FIG. 4A shows, for example, an environment 400 in which vehicles 402, 404, and 406 are traveling together in the same direction at the same or approximately the same speed on a road that can be a highway, a street, etc. FIG. 4B shows, for example, an environment 450 in which vehicles 402, 404, and 406 are traveling in different directions on the same road or intersecting roads. It should be understood that FIGS. 4A and 4B show only two possible environments and states, and of course, vehicles can be located in many different types of environmental states.

[0051]

[0052] As indicated by arrows 412, 414, or 416 in both FIGS. 4A and 4B, vehicle 402 can suddenly change its movement. For example, vehicle 402 can change its movement by the acceleration indicated by arrow 412, or the deceleration indicated by arrow 414, or the turning, such as changing lanes, indicated by arrow 416. If any of these types of movement changes of vehicle 402 are large, i.e., at a large acceleration, deceleration, or turning rate, the distance between vehicle 402 and vehicles 404 and 406 can change rapidly in an unexpected manner for vehicles 404 and 406, which can be dangerous. Further, vehicle 402 may be moving at a high, e.g., significantly above the speed limit, constant speed. When a large acceleration or high speed is detected by vehicle 402, vehicle 402 can change the timing and / or bandwidth of the PRS it broadcasts. For example, vehicle 402 can increase the number of PRSs broadcast, e.g., it can decrease the broadcast period, so that other vehicles 404 and 406 can update the distance to vehicle 402 more frequently. Vehicle 402 can, additionally or alternatively, increase the bandwidth of the PRS broadcast so that other vehicles 404 and 406 can more accurately determine the distance to vehicle 402.

[0052]

[0053] Vehicle 402, i.e., the V-UE in vehicle 402, may detect one or more movement characteristics by accessing on-board speed sensors. For example, the speed of vehicle 402 may be determined from the vehicle's speed sensor. Acceleration may be determined based on the change in speed over a time interval, e.g., the speed difference between sensor updates divided by the sensor update period, or from an accelerometer on vehicle 402 or the V-UE. The V-UE may be able to access movement data through a controller area network (CAN) network or an on-board computer. Acceleration and deceleration are determined similarly, where deceleration refers to acceleration in the opposite direction of the speed, i.e., a reduction in speed. Depending on the vehicle type and model year, vehicle acceleration information may also be available. In some implementations, the V-UE may include an accelerometer, which may be useful for determining acceleration or deceleration as well as the rate of turning.

[0053]

[0054] In one implementation, the application layer of the V-UE, which may control event-triggered PRS signaling, may monitor the speed and / or acceleration of the vehicle based on on-board speed and / or acceleration sensors. Acceleration (which may sometimes be generically referred to as acceleration), deceleration, or the rate of turning and / or the speed of the vehicle may be compared to predetermined thresholds. When the speed, acceleration, or a combination thereof is greater than the corresponding predetermined threshold, the V-UE, e.g., the application layer and / or the corresponding radio resource control configuration, may trigger additional PRS signaling, e.g., a reduction in the period of PRS signaling, per unit time. Additionally or alternatively, the V-UE may broadcast the PRS signal in a wider spectrum. The adjustment of the PRS broadcast may continue as long as one or more detected movement characteristics continue, e.g., while the speed or acceleration is greater than the corresponding threshold. In some implementations, the adjustment of the PRS broadcast may continue for a period of time after a rapid change in movement is no longer detected.

[0054]

[0055] In some implementations, the predetermined threshold used to trigger adjustment of the PRS broadcast may vary based on external factors such as geography or road conditions. Different predetermined thresholds may be stored and selected for use based on the type of road on which vehicle 402 is located. For example, the predetermined threshold used may be lower for a winding road compared to a straight road, or for an on-ramp to a highway compared to a residential road. Similarly, the predetermined threshold used may be lower in a dry state compared to a wet or frozen state, or in an environment with a high density of nearby vehicles compared to a low density of nearby vehicles. Further, in some implementations, a combination of factors such as speed and acceleration may be used to trigger adjustment of the PRS broadcast. For example, in a highway scenario, a combined measurement based on the speed and acceleration of the vehicle may be used to trigger adjustment of the PRS broadcast. As an example, adjustment of the PRS broadcast may be triggered based on the amount of change in speed (acceleration) normalized by a speed exceeding a predetermined threshold, e.g., when absolute value (acceleration) / absolute value (speed) > threshold. Further, in some implementations, adjustment of the PRS broadcast may be based on factors other than acceleration, such as speed. For example, if the vehicle is traveling at a speed significantly faster than the posted speed limit of the road (i.e., faster than a predetermined threshold), the PRS broadcast may be adjusted similarly. The predetermined threshold may be stored in the V-UE or provided to the V-UE by, for example, a central server 130. Further, the geography or road conditions may be supplied to the V-UE by, for example, the same or different servers.

[0055]

[0056] In one implementation, vehicle 402 may adjust the timing of PRS transmission based on the detected motion characteristics. The application layer of the V-UE may have, for example, a predetermined period for PRS signaling that is used during normal driving, i.e., when no high speed or large acceleration is detected. As an example, PRS may be broadcast by the V-UE every 1000 milliseconds and may span 50 RBs over a 20 MHz bandwidth during normal driving. When a large acceleration or high speed or a combination thereof is detected, e.g., when the speed or acceleration exceeds a predetermined threshold, the periodic PRS signaling may be overridden by the application layer. When a high speed or large acceleration is detected, the transmission timing of the broadcast PRS may be adjusted by the application layer of the V-UE. The V-UE may schedule additional PRS or change the period of the PRS broadcast. As an example, the timing of the PRS broadcast may be adjusted from broadcasting PRS every 1000 milliseconds to broadcasting PRS every 200 milliseconds, although of course other rates may be used if desired. By increasing the transmission rate of PRS from a vehicle that is accelerating (or increasing speed), nearby vehicles that receive the PRS can determine the relative position of the vehicle at a corresponding increased rate, thereby improving safety.

[0056]

[0057] In an implementation where the PRS is broadcast on unlicensed spectrum in a distributed manner, the number of resource blocks can be affected by factors such as the LBT procedure, the number of nearby simultaneous PRSs, or potential PRS sources, i.e., nearby V-UEs, etc. During normal operation, for example, when no high speed or acceleration is detected, the V-UE broadcasts the PRS in a predefined periodic duty cycle with a duration N. When high speed or acceleration is detected, the V-UE may adjust the broadcast PRS to a different predefined short duty cycle with a duration M, where M is strictly smaller than N. For example, if the estimated number of vehicles around the V-UE is K, the duration M can be M = N / K.

[0057]

[0058] In one implementation, vehicle 402 may adjust the bandwidth of PRS transmission based on the detected motion characteristics. For example, the application layer of the V-UE may schedule periodic PRS signaling to occupy a predetermined number of frequency resources during normal driving, i.e., when no high speed or large acceleration is detected. For example, as described above, the PRS may be broadcast by the V-UE every 1000 milliseconds and may span 50 RBs over a 20 MHz bandwidth during normal driving. When large acceleration or high speed is detected, the PRS may be scheduled by the application layer (or corresponding RRC configuration) to occupy a larger bandwidth, e.g., spanning 100 RBs over a 20 MHz bandwidth as an example, although of course other bandwidths may be used if desired. The determined distance accuracy between vehicles using the PRS is affected by the frequency spectrum of the broadcast PRS. PRS using a larger bandwidth generates more accurate ranging. Therefore, by increasing the bandwidth of the PRS broadcast from an accelerating (or speeding up) vehicle, nearby vehicles receiving the PRS can determine the relative position of the vehicles with increased accuracy, thereby improving safety.

[0058]

[0059] In some implementations, both the timing of transmission and the bandwidth of the PRS signaling can be changed. For example, the PRS can be changed from occurring every 1000 milliseconds over 50 RBs to occurring every 200 milliseconds and over 100 RBs.

[0059]

[0060] The adjustment of the bandwidth of the broadcast PRS can be based on the number of nearby PRS transmitters, e.g., the number of V - UEs. For example, in the case of centralized control of PRS transmissions, a central server with knowledge of the number of nearby PRS transmitters can be used to allocate resources to V - UEs, e.g., based on the number of nearby PRS transmitters. In other implementations where the control of PRS transmissions is decentralized, the V - UE can estimate the number of nearby PRS transmitters and adjust the PRS transmissions accordingly.

[0060]

[0061] For example, in an implementation where the PRS is broadcast in a centralized manner, e.g., when the PRS is controlled by a central entity such as a server, RSU, or another vehicle, the vehicle can request the central entity to adjust the PRS broadcast parameters and can receive commands to adjust the PRS bandwidth accordingly. For example, the central entity can be the V2X application server 130, RSU 110, or a separate vehicle 104 shown in FIG. 1. For example, the central entity (e.g., RSU 110 or sidelink vehicle 104) can perform LBT and allocate standard broadcast parameters such as a time slot, timing, and bandwidth, e.g., a 100 - millisecond soft periodicity, to each group member (including, e.g., RSU 110 and / or sidelink vehicle 104) and can occupy (approximately) 50 resource blocks. When the vehicle requests an adjustment of the PRS broadcast parameters, the central entity can allocate to that vehicle a time slot and increased PRS broadcast parameters, e.g., an increased frequency and / or increased bandwidth such as a 50 - millisecond period and / or 100 resource blocks.

[0061]

[0062] In some implementations, the central entity may be aware of the number of vehicles. The spectrum may include N resource blocks available for allocation to V-UEs, and there may be K vehicles that transmit PRS scheduled to populate the N resource blocks available at each time. Thus, each vehicle may broadcast PRS using N / K resource blocks. If vehicle 402 detects, for example, a high speed or large acceleration, vehicle 402 may request an adjustment of its broadcast PRS to a central entity, such as server 130, RSU 110, or another vehicle 104. The central entity may instruct vehicle 402 to increase by m resource blocks, i.e., vehicle 402 may broadcast PRS using m*N / K resource blocks, where m is greater than 1. The value of m may be a fixed value or a function of various factors such as the number of nearby vehicles, speed, and / or amount by which the acceleration exceeds a predetermined threshold. In some implementations, the central entity may instruct other vehicles 402 to make a corresponding reduction in the bandwidth of their PRS. For example, each of the nearby K vehicles may reduce the bandwidth of their broadcast PRS by M / K. In other implementations, the central entity may reserve resource blocks that may be allocated to a vehicle during a period of high speed or large acceleration detected without reducing the resource blocks transmitted by other vehicles.

[0062]

[0063] For example, in a distributed implementation using single-sided positioning with unlicensed spectrum where PRS and LBT need to be enforced, the vehicle can sense nearby communication (frequency and time) and transmit during available time slots. The vehicle may have a soft period of 100 milliseconds and (approximately) occupy 50 resource blocks, for example, in the case of nominal PRS transmission. However, if the vehicle detects significant movement such as high speed or high acceleration, the vehicle can adjust the PRS transmission without first accessing the central entity. For example, during a period of significant movement, such as high speed or high acceleration, the vehicle can adjust from the nominal PRS transmission, such as by increasing the frequency and / or increasing the bandwidth, for example, to a period of 50 milliseconds and / or 100 resource blocks. The adjustment of the PRS transmission can be a fixed amount, such as double the frequency and / or double the bandwidth, or a function of various factors such as an amount where the speed and / or acceleration exceeds a predetermined threshold. When the high speed or high acceleration no longer exists, the vehicle can return to the nominal PRS transmission.

[0063]

[0064] Figure 5 is a message flow 500 showing an example of vehicle - to - vehicle message exchange for ranging in which broadcast parameters of the PRS are adjusted based on the movement characteristics of one or more vehicles. Figure 5 shows several V - UEs 402, 404, and 406 and a central entity 502 which can be the server 130, the RSU 110 or another V - UE. It should be understood that additional or fewer V - UEs may be included. Further, various types of infrastructure such as the RSU 110 and / or the network base station 122 may exist to relay communications between, for example, the V - UE 402 and the central entity 502. Further, it should be understood that additional (or fewer) messages may be transmitted. For example, each V - UE may transmit an ITS message, for example, to broadcast the PRS (or after that) to give the time of transmission of the PRS, which can be used by the receiving V - UE to determine the distance to the broadcasting V - UE. Further, messages may be transmitted by the central entity 502 or other entities such as a location server, a map server, etc. to provide information related to vehicle navigation, geography, road conditions, etc., which can be used to change a threshold used to determine whether vehicle movement, for example, speed or velocity, is significant.

[0064]

[0065] In stage 1, the V - UE 402 receives broadcast PRS from nearby V - UEs 404 and 406. The broadcast PRS can be any type of ranging signal such as a physical ranging signal, a positioning ranging signal, a positioning reference signal, or a physical reference signal as described above.

[0065]

[0066] In stage 2, for example, when the PRS broadcast is implemented in a distributed implementation form, the V-UE 402 may perform LBT on the unlicensed spectrum. For example, in an implementation form where centralized control of the PRS is used based on an instruction from the central entity 502, the central entity 502, for example, the RSU 110 or another V-UE, performs LBT and may allocate PRS timing to the members of the group (for example, V-UE 402, V-UE 404, and V-UE 406). The V-UE 402 does not need to perform LBT itself, and stage 2 may be removed.

[0066]

[0067] In stage 3, the V-UE 402 may broadcast the PRS. The PRS may be broadcast by the V-UE 402 using parameters reserved for normal operating states, for example, timing and bandwidth, when, for example, a high speed or a large acceleration has not been detected by the V-UE 402. The broadcast parameters, for example, timing and bandwidth, may be based on predetermined parameters configured to be used by the V-UE 402 during normal operating states when, for example, that is, a high speed or acceleration is not detected. The broadcast parameters may have been pre-given from the central entity 502 to the V-UE 402 or may be default parameters stored in the V-UE 402.

[0067]

[0068] In stage 4, the V-UE 402 detects significant movement of the vehicle, such as high speed or large acceleration including acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or combinations thereof. For example, the V-UE 402 may use a vehicle speed and / or acceleration sensor or accelerometer in the V-UE 402 to determine the speed and / or any acceleration, which can be compared to a pre-determined threshold. In some implementations, a combination of speed and acceleration, such as acceleration normalized with respect to speed, may be used. The pre-determined threshold may vary based on external factors including vehicle speed, geography, or road conditions, which may be known to the V-UE 402 based on the vehicle's navigation application, as well as communication from the central entity 502.

[0068]

[0069] In stage 5, when centralized control is implemented, the V-UE 402 may send a message to the central entity 502 requesting adjustment of the PRS parameters. In some implementations, the message may include information related to one or more detected movement characteristics, such as the type of movement, the amount of movement, i.e., the detected speed and / or acceleration, or how much the pre-determined threshold has been exceeded.

[0069]

[0070] In stage 6, in response to the request in stage 5, the central entity 502 may determine an adjustment to the PRS parameters and transfer instructions to the V-UE 402 to broadcast the PRS with the adjusted broadcast parameters. For example, the central entity 502 may perform LBT, allocate standard broadcast parameters such as time slots, timing, and bandwidth to the group members, such as a soft period of 100 milliseconds, and may occupy (approximately) 50 resource blocks, and even if no request for PRS adjustment has been received, in response to the request in stage 5, increase the PRS broadcast parameters for the V-UE 402, such as an increase in frequency and bandwidth, such as a period of 50 milliseconds and / or allocate 100 resource blocks. In some implementations, it may be necessary to increase the total PRS transmission duration of all devices, and thus, in the LBT implementation, the central entity 502 may use an increased or decreased channel occupancy time. For example, LBT is generally implemented to suppress interference, and if the channel occupancy time of all members increases, a larger channel occupancy time may be used, corresponding to a longer waiting time until the leader has the channel. In some implementations, the central entity 502 may be aware of the number of vehicles near the V-UE 402 and may allocate PRS broadcast parameters based on the number of vehicles. The parameters to be adjusted may include, for example, an adjustment to the timing of the PRS signal, such as an additional PRS broadcast or a decrease in the period of the PRS broadcast, and / or the bandwidth of the broadcast PRS, such as an increase in the resource blocks used for the PRS broadcast. The adjustment may be fixed, for example, a fixed increase in the rate of the PRS broadcast used and the resource blocks, or may be variable for factors such as the number of nearby vehicles and an amount exceeding a predetermined threshold.In some implementations, for example, if all or almost all resource blocks are pre-allocated, the central entity 502 may instruct other V-UEs 404 and / or 406 to adjust their broadcast PRSs in a corresponding manner, for example, by increasing / decreasing the number of resource blocks.

[0070]

[0071] In step 7, the V-UE 402 adjusts the scheduled PRS broadcast parameters, if any, based on one or more detected motion characteristics from step 4 and / or an instruction from the central entity 502 in step 6. The parameters to be adjusted may include, for example, adjustment of the timing of the PRS signal, for example, additional PRS broadcasts or a reduction in the period of the PRS broadcast, and / or the bandwidth of the broadcast PRS, for example, an increase in the resource blocks used for the PRS broadcast. The adjustment may be fixed, for example, twice the rate of the PRS broadcast used and twice the resource blocks, or may be variable for factors such as the estimated number of nearby vehicles and an amount exceeding a predetermined threshold.

[0071]

[0072] In step 8, the V-UE 402 broadcasts the PRS with the adjusted timing and / or bandwidth. In some implementations, the V-UE 402 may perform LBT before the broadcast, as described in step 2. Nearby V-UEs 404 and 406 receive the broadcast PRS and may determine the distance to the V-UE 402 with an increased update rate and / or increased accuracy due to the adjusted timing and / or bandwidth.

[0072]

[0073] In step 9, the V-UE 402 detects normal speed and acceleration, i.e., the detected speed and acceleration do not exceed a predetermined threshold.

[0073]

[0074] In stage 10, when centralized control is implemented, the V-UE 402 may send a message to the central entity 502 requesting to resume normal PRS transmission.

[0074]

[0075] In stage 11, in response to the request in stage 10, the central entity 502 may determine an adjustment of the PRS parameters to resume normal PRS transmission and may transfer an instruction to the V-UE 402 to broadcast the PRS with normal parameters. In some implementations, the central entity 502 may instruct other V-UEs 404 and / or 406 to adjust their broadcast PRSs in a corresponding manner, e.g., thus, the V-UEs 404 and 406 broadcast the PRS with normal timing and bandwidth parameters.

[0075]

[0076] In stage 12, the V-UE 402, if present, re-adjusts the scheduled PRS broadcast parameters to normal based on the detected normal one or more motion characteristics from stage 9 and / or the instruction from the central entity 502 in stage 11.

[0076]

[0077] In stage 13, the V-UE 402 broadcasts the PRS with normal broadcast parameters, e.g., timing and / or bandwidth, e.g., the same as those used in stage 3. In some implementations, the V-UE 402 may perform LBT before the broadcast as described in stage 2.

[0077]

[0078] FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram illustrating some exemplary features of a vehicle user equipment (V-UE) 600, which can be a UE in a vehicle, as described with respect to FIGS. 1-6. V-UE 600 can be configured to control the autonomous driving of vehicle 102, including broadcasting positioning reference signals (PRS) for ranging and adjusting PRS broadcast parameters based on one or more detected motion characteristics. V-UE 600 can include a vehicle interface 605 through which commands can be provided to the vehicle for autonomous driving and sensed inputs, including speed and acceleration, can be provided from the vehicle to V-UE 600. V-UE 600 can include, for example, one or more processors 602, a memory 604, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 607 that can be used to detect the motion of the vehicle or one or more motion characteristics and can include, for example, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, etc., and an external interface that can be operatively coupled to non-transitory computer readable medium 620 and memory 604 by one or more connections 606 (e.g., a bus, a wire, a fiber, a link, etc.) and can include, for example, a wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceiver 610 and a wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiver 614. V-UE 600 can further include a user interface that can include, for example, a display, a keypad, or other input devices such as a virtual keypad on a display through which a user can interface with the user device, or additional items not shown, such as a satellite positioning system receiver. In some exemplary implementations, all or a portion of V-UE 600 can take the form of, for example, a chipset. Transceiver 610 can be, for example, a cellular transceiver configured to transmit and receive vehicle-to-vehicle communication in a wireless network, as shown in FIG. 1.The transceiver 610 may include a transmitter 611 capable of transmitting one or more signals via one or more types of wireless communication networks and a receiver 612 for receiving one or more signals transmitted via one or more types of wireless communication networks. The transceiver 614 may be, for example, a short-range transceiver and may be configured to transmit and receive vehicle-to-vehicle communication in a wireless network as shown in FIG. 1. The transceiver 614 may include, for example, a transmitter 6175 capable of transmitting one or more signals including PRS via one or more types of wireless communication networks and a receiver 6716 for receiving one or more signals transmitted via one or more types of wireless communication networks, for example, including PRS. The transceivers 610 and 614 enable the V-UE 600 to communicate with traffic entities using a D2D communication link such as DSRC, C-V2X, or 5G NR.

[0078]

[0079] In some embodiments, the V-UE 600 may include an antenna 609 that may be internal or external. The antenna 609 may be used to transmit and / or receive signals processed by the transceiver 610 and / or the transceiver 614. In some embodiments, the antenna 609 may be coupled to the transceiver 610 and / or the transceiver 614. In some embodiments, measurements of signals received (transmitted) by the V-UE 600 may be performed at the connection points between the antenna 609 and the transceiver 610 and / or the transceiver 614. For example, the reference measurement points for measuring received (transmitted) RF signals may be the input (output) terminals of the receivers 612, 616 (transmitters 611, 615) and the output (input) terminals of the antenna 609. In a V-UE 600 having multiple antennas 609 or an antenna array, the antenna connector may be regarded as a virtual point representing the total output (input) of the multiple antennas.

[0079]

[0080] One or more processors 602 can be implemented using a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. For example, one or more processors 602 can be configured to perform the functions described herein by implementing one or more instructions or program codes 608 on a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as medium 620 and / or memory 604. In some embodiments, one or more processors 602 can represent one or more circuits that can be configured to perform at least a portion of the data signal calculation procedures or processes related to the operation of the V-UE 600.

[0080]

[0081] Medium 620 and / or memory 604 can store instructions or program codes 608 that include executable code or software instructions that, when executed by one or more processors 602, cause one or more processors 602 to operate as a dedicated computer programmed to implement the techniques disclosed herein. As shown in the V-UE 600, medium 620 and / or memory 604 can include one or more components or modules that can be implemented by one or more processors 602 to implement the methods described herein. The components or modules are shown as software in medium 620 that is executable by one or more processors 602, but it should be understood that the components or modules can be stored in memory 604 or can be dedicated hardware in or separate from one or more processors 602.

[0081]

[0082] Several software modules and data tables may reside in medium 620 and / or memory 604 and may be utilized by one or more processors 602 to manage both the communications and functions described herein. The arrangement of the contents of medium 620 and / or memory 604 shown in V-UE 600 is merely exemplary, and thus it should be understood that the functions of the modules and / or data structures may be combined, separated, and / or structured in various ways depending on the implementation of V-UE 600.

[0082]

[0083] When implemented by one or more processors 602, medium 620 and / or memory 604 may include a motion detection module 622 that configures one or more processors 602 to detect acceleration including speed and / or deceleration or rate of turn based on sensed inputs provided by the vehicle via vehicle interface 605 and / or IMU 607. The speed may be determined, for example, based on a speed or acceleration signal received from a speed sensor or accelerometer in the vehicle via vehicle interface 605 and / or from an accelerometer in IMU 607. The acceleration (including deceleration) may be determined based on the change in speed over a time interval, e.g., the speed difference between sensor updates divided by the sensor update period, or from an accelerometer in an acceleration sensor in the vehicle and / or IMU 607. The rate of turn may be determined, for example, based on sensor inputs from a gyroscope and / or magnetometer in IMU 607.

[0083]

[0084] When the medium 620 and / or the memory 604 are implemented by one or more processors 602, they may include a threshold module 624 that configures one or more processors 602 to generate predetermined thresholds for one or more of speed, acceleration, deceleration, or rate of turn. The predetermined thresholds may be fixed thresholds or may be variable based on factors such as geography, road conditions, or speed. For example, the contributions of the predetermined thresholds and variables may be stored in a look-up table. External factors such as geography and road conditions may be received from one or more servers via, for example, transceiver 610 or 614.

[0084]

[0085] When the medium 620 and / or the memory 604 are implemented by one or more processors 602, they may include a comparison module 626 that configures one or more processors 602 to compare one or more determined motion characteristics, such as determined speed, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or combinations thereof, with one or more predetermined thresholds to determine whether the motion characteristics exceed the predetermined thresholds.

[0085]

[0086] When the medium 620 and / or the memory 604 are implemented by one or more processors 602, they may include an adjustment request module 628 that configures one or more processors 602 to transmit, via transceiver 610 or transceiver 614, a request to a central entity to adjust one or more PRS broadcast parameters, such as transmission timing, bandwidth, or combinations thereof, in response to a detected motion characteristic exceeding a predetermined threshold or when the detected motion characteristic no longer exceeds the predetermined threshold.

[0086]

[0087] When implemented by one or more processors 602, the media 620 and / or memory 604 may include an adjustment instruction module 630 that configures one or more processors 602 to receive instructions from a central entity via transceiver 610 or transceiver 614 to adjust one or more PRS broadcast parameters, such as the timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof, of the transmission, and in some implementations, to adjust timing slots assigned by the central entity.

[0087]

[0088] When implemented by one or more processors 602, the media 620 and / or memory 604 may include a PRS adjustment module 632 that configures one or more processors 602 to adjust one or more PRS broadcast parameters, such as the timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof, of the transmission. For example, the transmission rate and / or the number of resource blocks used in the PRS may be adjusted, for example, increased when the motion characteristic exceeds a predetermined threshold or decreased to a predetermined parameter when the motion characteristic no longer exceeds the predetermined threshold. The adjustment of the PRS broadcast parameters may be based on a fixed amount, a variable amount, or instructions received from a central entity.

[0088]

[0089] When implemented by one or more processors 602, the media 620 and / or memory 604 may include an LBT module 634 that configures one or more processors 602 to implement the LBT protocol prior to broadcasting a ranging signal (PRS).

[0089]

[0090] When implemented by one or more processors 602, the media 620 and / or memory 604 may include a PRS broadcast module 634 that configures one or more processors 602 to broadcast a ranging signal (PRS) via transceiver 614 according to predetermined or adjusted parameters.

[0090]

[0091] When the medium 620 and / or the memory 604 are implemented by one or more processors 602, they may include a PRS receiving module 636 that configures one or more processors 602 to receive and measure broadcast PRS (or other signals from nearby vehicles), such as ITS messages, via the transceiver 614 in order to provide the time of transmission of the PRS broadcast. For example, the number of vehicles broadcasting PRS may be measured, as well as the received power, such as the reference signal received power (RSRP) from the broadcast PRS.

[0091]

[0092] When the medium 620 and / or the memory 604 are implemented by one or more processors 602, they may include a ranging module 638 that configures one or more processors 602 to determine the distance to the broadcast vehicle, for example, based on the time of reception and the time of transmission of the PRS broadcast.

[0092]

[0093] The methods described herein may be implemented by various means depending on the application. For example, these methods may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. In the case of a hardware implementation, one or more processors 602 may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, electronic devices, or other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.

[0093]

[0094] In the case of a firmware and / or software implementation, the method can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that implement the functions described herein. Any machine-readable medium that tangibly embodies the instructions can also be used when implementing the methods described herein. For example, the software code can be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium 620 or memory 604 that is connected to and executed by one or more processors 602. The memory can be implemented within one or more processors or externally to one or more processors. As used herein, the term "memory" refers to any type of long-term memory, short-term memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or other memory, and should not be limited to a particular type of memory or the number of memories, or the type of medium on which the memory is stored.

[0094]

[0095] When implemented in firmware and / or software, the functionality can be stored as one or more instructions or program code 608 on a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as medium 620 and / or memory 604. Examples include a computer-readable medium encoded with a data structure and a computer-readable medium encoded with a computer program 608. For example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium that includes program code 608 stored thereon can include program code 608 for supporting adjustment of a ranging signal in response to one or more motion characteristics detected in a manner consistent with the disclosed embodiments. The non-transitory computer-readable medium 620 includes a physical computer storage medium. The storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such non-transitory computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM (registered trademark), CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code 608 in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, where the disks and discs used herein include compact discs (CDs), laser discs (registered trademark), optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks (registered trademark) and Blu-ray discs (registered trademark), and disks typically reproduce data magnetically and discs reproduce data optically with a laser. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0095]

[0096] In addition to being stored on computer-readable medium 620, instructions and / or data may be provided as signals on a transmission medium included within a communication device. For example, the communication device may include a transceiver 610 having signals indicative of instructions and data. The instructions and data are configured to cause one or more processors to implement the functions outlined in the claims. That is, the communication device includes a transmission medium having signals indicative of information for performing the disclosed functions.

[0096]

[0097] Memory 604 may represent any data storage mechanism. Memory 604 may include, for example, primary memory and / or secondary memory. Primary memory may include, for example, random access memory, read only memory, etc. Although shown as separate from one or more processors 602 in this example, it should be understood that all or part of the primary memory may be provided within one or more processors 602, or may in some cases be collocated / associated with one or more processors 602. Secondary memory may include, for example, memory of the same or similar type as primary memory, and / or one or more data storage devices or systems such as, for example, disk drives, optical disk drives, tape drives, solid state memory drives, etc.

[0097]

[0098] In some implementations, secondary memory may be operably receptive of, or in some cases configurable to be coupled to, non-transitory computer-readable medium 620. Thus, in some exemplary implementations, the methods and / or apparatuses presented herein may take the form of computer-readable medium 620, in whole or in part, which may include computer-implementable code 608 stored thereon, and the computer-implementable code 608 may be operably enabled to perform all or part of the exemplary operations described herein when executed by one or more processors 602. Computer-readable medium 620 may be part of memory 604.

[0098]

[0099] FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram illustrating some exemplary features of an entity 700 in a wireless communication system that may be configured to support ranging between vehicles in a wireless communication system, as described with respect to FIGS. 1-5 and FIG. 7. The entity 700 can be, for example, the server 130, the RSU 110, or the sidelink V-UE 104, as shown in FIG. 1. The entity 700 can be operably coupled to a non-transitory computer-readable medium 720 and a memory 704 by one or more connections 706 (e.g., a bus, a line, a fiber, a link, etc.). For example, if the entity 700 is the server 130, it can include, for example, one or more processors 702, a memory 704, an accelerometer 707, and an external interface including one or more of, for example, a wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceiver 710, a wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiver 714, or a network interface 705. In some exemplary implementations, all or part of the entity 700 can take the form of, for example, a chipset. The transceiver 710 can be, for example, a cellular transceiver configured to transmit and receive vehicle-to-vehicle communication in a wireless network, as shown in FIG. 1. The transceiver 710 can include a transmitter 711 enabled to transmit one or more signals via one or more types of wireless communication networks and a receiver 712 for receiving one or more signals transmitted via one or more types of wireless communication networks. The transceiver 714 can be, for example, a short-range transceiver and can be configured to transmit and receive vehicle-to-vehicle communication in a wireless network, as shown in FIG. 1. The transceiver 714 can include, for example, a transmitter 7175 enabled to transmit one or more signals including PRS via one or more types of wireless communication networks and a receiver 7716 for receiving one or more signals transmitted via one or more types of wireless communication networks, including, for example, PRS.Transceivers 710 and 714 enable entity 700 to communicate with traffic entities using D2D communication links such as DSRC, C-V2X, or 5G NR. Network interface 705 can be, for example, a wireline or wireless network interface to other network entities and / or the core network.

[0099]

[0100] In some embodiments, entity 700 may include antenna 709, which may be internal or external. Antenna 709 can be used to transmit and / or receive signals processed by transceiver 710 and / or transceiver 714. In some embodiments, antenna 709 may be coupled to transceiver 710 and / or transceiver 714. In some embodiments, measurements of signals received (transmitted) by entity 700 can be performed at the connection points between antenna 709 and transceiver 710 and / or transceiver 714. For example, the reference measurement points for measurements of received (transmitted) RF signals can be the input (output) terminals of receivers 712, 716 (transmitters 711, 715) and the output (input) terminals of antenna 709. In an entity 700 with multiple antennas 709 or an antenna array, the antenna connector can be considered as a virtual point representing the total output (input) of the multiple antennas.

[0100]

[0101] One or more processors 702 can be implemented using a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. For example, one or more processors 702 can be configured to perform the functions described herein by implementing one or more instructions or program codes 708 on a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as medium 720 and / or memory 704. In some embodiments, one or more processors 702 can represent one or more circuits configurable to perform at least a portion of the data signal calculation procedures or processes related to the operation of entity 700.

[0101]

[0102] Media 720 and / or memory 704 may store instruction or program code 708 that, when executed by one or more processors 702, causes the one or more processors 702 to operate as a dedicated computer programmed to implement the techniques disclosed herein. As shown in entity 700, media 720 and / or memory 704 may include one or more components or modules that may be implemented by one or more processors 702 to implement the methods described herein. The components or modules are shown as software in media 720 that is executable by one or more processors 702, but it should be understood that the components or modules may be stored in memory 704 or may be dedicated hardware in or separate from one or more processors 702.

[0102]

[0103] Some software modules and data tables may reside in media 720 and / or memory 704 and may be utilized by one or more processors 702 to manage both the communications and functions described herein. It should be understood that the organization of the contents of media 720 and / or memory 704 shown in entity 700 is exemplary only, and thus, the functions of the modules and / or data structures may be combined, separated, and / or structured in various ways depending on the implementation of entity 700.

[0103]

[0104] When the medium 720 and / or the memory 704 are implemented by one or more processors 702, the PRS adjustment request module 722 may be included to configure the one or more processors 702 to receive, via an external interface, a request from a device in the vehicle to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal. The device may transmit a request to the entity 700, for example, based on one or more detected motion characteristics of the vehicle, where the one or more motion characteristics comprise at least one of a speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn that exceeds a threshold, or a combination thereof. The request may be to increase or decrease the timing and bandwidth of the ranging signal, for example, the rate of transmission or the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal.

[0104]

[0105] When the medium 720 and / or the memory 704 are implemented by one or more processors 702, the PRS adjustment module 724 may be included to configure the one or more processors 702 to determine an adjustment of at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal. For example, the determined adjustment may be to increase or decrease the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or to increase the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal. The adjustment may be based on a fixed adjustment or a variable adjustment, for example, based on the number of vehicles in the vicinity of the requesting vehicle where the PRS is being broadcast.

[0105]

[0106] When implemented by one or more processors 702, the media 720 and / or the memory 704 may include an LBT module 726 that implements an LBT protocol via the transceiver 714 and configures the one or more processors 702 to allocate transmission slots, for example, to a requesting vehicle and other vehicles when the entity 700 is a local entity such as an RSU or a sidelink vehicle.

[0106]

[0107] When implemented by one or more processors 702, the media 720 and / or the memory 704 may include an instruction module 728 that configures the one or more processors 702 to send instructions to a requesting device to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting ranging signals to be broadcast by the device via an external interface.

[0107]

[0108] When implemented by one or more processors 702, the media 720 and / or the memory 704 may include several vehicle modules 730 that configure the one or more processors 702 to monitor, for example, the number of vehicles in the vicinity of a requesting vehicle based on the number of vehicles in an LBT group.

[0108]

[0109] The methods described in this specification can be implemented by various means according to the application examples. For example, these methods can be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof. In the case of hardware implementation, one or more processors 702 can be implemented inside one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, electronic devices, or other electronic units designed to perform the functions described in this specification, or a combination thereof.

[0109]

[0110] In the case of firmware and / or software implementation, the method can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this specification. Any machine-readable medium that tangibly embodies the instructions can also be used when implementing the methods described in this specification. For example, the software code can be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium 720 or memory 704 that is connected to and executed by one or more processors 702. The memory can be implemented inside one or more processors or outside one or more processors. As used herein, the term "memory" refers to any type of long-term memory, short-term memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or other memory, and should not be limited to a particular type of memory or the number of memories, or the type of medium in which the memory is stored.

[0110]

[0111] When implemented in firmware and / or software, the functionality can be stored as one or more instructions or program code 708 on a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as medium 720 and / or memory 704. Examples include a computer-readable medium encoded with a data structure and a computer-readable medium encoded with a computer program 708. For example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium that includes program code 708 stored thereon can include program code 708 for supporting adjustment of a ranging signal in a vehicle in response to one or more motion characteristics detected in a manner consistent with the disclosed embodiments. The non-transitory computer-readable medium 720 includes a physical computer storage medium. The storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such non-transitory computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code 708 in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, where the disks and discs used herein include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, and a disk typically magnetically reproduces data and a disc optically reproduces data with a laser. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0111]

[0112] In addition to being stored on computer-readable medium 720, instructions and / or data may be provided as signals on a transmission medium included within a communication device. For example, the communication device may include a transceiver 710 having signals indicative of instructions and data. The instructions and data are configured to cause one or more processors to perform the functions outlined in the claims. That is, the communication device includes a transmission medium having signals indicative of information for performing the disclosed functions.

[0112]

[0113] Memory 704 may represent any data storage mechanism. Memory 704 may include, for example, primary memory and / or secondary memory. Primary memory may include, for example, random access memory, read-only memory, etc. Although shown as being separate from one or more processors 702 in this example, it should be understood that all or part of the primary memory may be provided within one or more processors 702 or may be collocated / associated with one or more processors 702 in some cases. Secondary memory may include, for example, memory of the same or similar type as primary memory and / or one or more data storage devices or systems such as, for example, disk drives, optical disk drives, tape drives, solid state memory drives, etc.

[0113]

[0114] In some implementations, the secondary memory may be operably receptive of or may be configured to couple to non-transitory computer-readable medium 720. Thus, in some exemplary implementations, the methods and / or apparatuses presented herein may take the form of computer-readable medium 720, in whole or in part, which may include computer-implementable code 708 stored thereon, and the computer-implementable code 708 may be operably enabled to perform all or part of the exemplary operations described herein when executed by one or more processors 702. Computer-readable medium 720 may be part of memory 704.

[0114]

[0115] FIG. 8 is a flowchart 800 showing ranging between a vehicle implemented by a device in a vehicle such as V-UE402 or V-UE600. In block 802, as described in stage 4 of FIG. 5, one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle are detected, and the one or more motion characteristics comprise at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning. The means for detecting one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle, where the one or more motion characteristics comprise at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning, can be, for example, the vehicle interface 605, the IMU 607, and having dedicated hardware, or one or more processors 602 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as the memory 604 and / or the motion detection module 622.

[0115]

[0116] In block 804, as described in stages 5, 6, and 7 of FIG. 5, at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmission of a ranging signal to be broadcast is adjusted based on the detected one or more motion characteristics. The means for adjusting at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmission of a ranging signal to be broadcast based on the detected one or more motion characteristics can be, for example, having dedicated hardware, or one or more processors 602 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as the memory 604 and / or the PRS adjustment module 632.

[0116]

[0117] In block 806, for example, as described in stage 8 of FIG. 5, the ranging signal is broadcast using an adjusted transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof. The means for broadcasting the ranging signal using an adjusted transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof can be, for example, the transceiver 614 and one or more processors 602 that implement dedicated hardware or executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as the memory 604 and / or the PRS broadcast module 634.

[0117]

[0118] In some implementations, adjusting at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof can include, for example, as described in stage 7 of FIG. 5, increasing the transmission rate of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal, which can be implemented by one or more processors 602 that implement dedicated hardware or executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as the memory 604 and / or the PRS adjustment module 632.

[0118]

[0119] In some implementations, one or more ranging signals can be broadcast using a pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth, for example, as described in stage 3 of FIG. 5, before detecting one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle. Means for broadcasting one or more ranging signals using a pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth before detecting one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle can be, for example, a transceiver 614 and one or more processors 602 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as a memory 604 and / or a PRS broadcast module 634, with or without dedicated hardware. The pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth can be based on the number of other vehicles to which the PRS is being broadcast, and adjusting at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof can be based on the number of other vehicles, for example, as described in stages 3 and 7 of FIG. 5, and this can be implemented by a transceiver 614 and one or more processors 602 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as a memory 604 and / or a PRS reception module 634, with or without dedicated hardware. In one example, the received power over an available frequency spectrum during a certain duration can be determined, and the number of other vehicles to which the PRS is being broadcast can be determined based on the received power over the available frequency spectrum during the duration, for example, as described in stage 2 of FIG. 5, and this can be implemented by a transceiver 614 and one or more processors 602 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as a memory 604 and / or a PRS reception module 634, with or without dedicated hardware.

[0119]

[0120] In some implementations, one or more movement characteristics of a vehicle can be detected by determining that at least one of, for example, speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or a combination thereof exceeds a predetermined threshold, as described in stage 4 of FIG. 5. Means for determining that at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and rate of turn no longer exceeds a predetermined threshold can be, for example, dedicated hardware or one or more processors 602 implementing executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as memory 604 and / or threshold module 624 and comparison module 626. The predetermined threshold can be based on, for example, at least one of geography, road conditions, and vehicle speed, or a combination thereof, as described in stage 4 of FIG. 5, which can be obtained, for example, by transceiver 610 or 614 and one or more processors 602 implementing executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as dedicated hardware or memory 604 and / or threshold module 624.

[0120]

[0121] In one implementation, at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof can be adjusted by increasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal. The V-UE can determine when at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and rate of turn no longer exceeds a predetermined threshold, and the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal can be reduced, for example, as described in stages 9-12 of FIG. 5, by one or more processors 602 implementing executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as dedicated hardware or memory 604 and / or PRS adjustment module 632.

[0121]

[0122] In some implementations, a request to a central entity to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal can be sent in response to one or more detected motion characteristics, as described, for example, at stage 5 of FIG. 5. Means for sending a request to a central entity to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal in response to one or more detected motion characteristics can be, for example, transceiver 610 or transceiver 614, and one or more processors 602 that implement dedicated hardware or executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as memory 604 and / or adjustment request module 628. The instructions can be received from the central entity to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal, as described, for example, at stage 6 of FIG. 5. Means for receiving instructions from the central entity to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal can be, for example, transceiver 610 or transceiver 614, and one or more processors 602 that implement dedicated hardware or executable code or software instructions in a medium 620 such as memory 604 and / or adjustment instruction module 630. At least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal can be adjusted in response to the instructions, as described, for example, at stage 7 of FIG. 5.

[0122]

[0123] Figure 9 is a flowchart 900 showing ranging between vehicles implemented by an entity in a wireless communication system such as server 130, RSU 110, or entity 700 which can be another V-UE. At block 902, as described in stages 4 and 5 of FIG. 5, a request is received from a device in a vehicle to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting a ranging signal based on one or more detected motion characteristics of the vehicle, and the one or more motion characteristics comprise at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning. The means for receiving from a device in a vehicle a request to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting a ranging signal based on one or more detected motion characteristics of the vehicle, the one or more motion characteristics comprising at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning, can be, for example, one of external interfaces such as transceiver 710, transceiver 714, or network interface 705, and one or more processors 702 having dedicated hardware or implementing executable code or software instructions in a medium 720 such as memory 704 and / or PRS adjustment request module 722.

[0123]

[0124] At block 904, the entity can determine an adjustment of at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting a ranging signal, as described, for example, in stage 6 of FIG. 5. The means for determining an adjustment of at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting a ranging signal can be, for example, one or more processors 702 having dedicated hardware or implementing executable code or software instructions in a medium 720 such as memory 704 and / or PRS adjustment module 724.

[0124]

[0125] In block 906, the instructions are sent to a device in the vehicle to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof of ranging signals to be broadcast by a device in the vehicle, as will be described, for example, at stage 6 of FIG. 5. The means for sending instructions to a device in the vehicle to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof of ranging signals to be broadcast by a device in the vehicle can be, for example, one of an external interface, such as transceiver 710, transceiver 714, or network interface 705, and one or more processors 702 that have dedicated hardware or implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 720 such as memory 704 and / or instruction module 728.

[0125]

[0126] In one implementation, the entity can determine an adjustment to at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof, for example, as will be described at stage 6 of FIG. 5, by increasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal, which can be implemented by one or more processors 702 that have dedicated hardware or implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 720 such as memory 704 and / or PRS adjustment module 724.

[0126]

[0127] In one implementation, the entity may implement a Listen-Before-Transmission protocol to broadcast a ranging signal, as described, for example, in stage 6 of FIG. 5, and may allocate a transmission slot to a device in the vehicle. The means for implementing a Listen-Before-Transmission protocol to broadcast a ranging signal and allocate a transmission slot to a device in the vehicle may be, for example, an external interface, such as transceiver 714, and one or more processors 702 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 720, such as having dedicated hardware or memory 704 and / or LBT module 726.

[0127]

[0128] In one implementation, the entity may determine at least one adjustment of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal using at least one fixed adjustment of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal, as described, for example, in stage 6 of FIG. 5, which may be implemented by one or more processors 702 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 720, such as having dedicated hardware or memory 704 and / or PRS adjustment module 724.

[0128]

[0129] In one implementation, determining at least one adjustment of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal, as described, for example, in stage 6 of FIG. 5, comprises using at least one variable adjustment of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal based on the number of other vehicles in which the PRS is broadcast, which may be implemented by one or more processors 702 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 720, such as having dedicated hardware or memory 704 and / or PRS adjustment module 724.

[0129]

[0130] In one implementation, one or more detected motion characteristics of a vehicle may be based on, for example, a speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or at least one of a combination thereof that exceeds a predetermined threshold, as described at stage 4 of FIG. 5. In some implementations, adjusting at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof may include increasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal, and the entity may further receive from a device in the vehicle a second request to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal based on, for example, a speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or at least one of a combination thereof that no longer exceeds a predetermined threshold, as described at stage 10 of FIG. 5. The means for receiving from a device in the vehicle a second request to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal based on a speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or at least one of a combination thereof that no longer exceeds a predetermined threshold may be, for example, one of an external interface, such as transceiver 710, transceiver 714, or network interface 705, and one or more processors 702 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 720, such as memory 704 and / or PRS adjustment request module 722, having dedicated hardware. The entity may determine a second adjustment of at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal, as described at stage 11 of FIG. 5, for example. The means for determining a second adjustment of at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal may be, for example, one or more processors 702 that implement executable code or software instructions in a medium 720, such as memory 704 and / or PRS adjustment module 724, having dedicated hardware.The second instruction, as described, for example, at stage 11 of FIG. 5, may be sent to a device in a vehicle to reduce the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or to reduce the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal. Means for sending the second instruction to a device in a vehicle to reduce the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or to reduce the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal may include, for example, one of an external interface, such as transceiver 710, transceiver 714, or network interface 705, and one or more processors 702 having dedicated hardware or implementing executable code or software instructions in a medium 720 such as memory 704 and / or instruction module 728.

[0130]

[0131] References throughout this specification to "one example", "an example", "certain examples", or "exemplary implementation" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the feature and / or example may be included in at least one feature and / or example of the claimed subject matter. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one example", "an example", "in certain examples", or "in certain implementations", or other similar phrases in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same feature, example, and / or limitation. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more examples and / or features.

[0131]

[0132] Some portions of the detailed descriptions contained in this specification are presented in terms of algorithms or symbolic representations of operations on binary digital signals stored within the memory of a specific apparatus or a dedicated computing device or platform. In the context of this particular specification, the terms such as a specific apparatus include a general-purpose computer after being programmed to perform specific operations according to instructions from program software. The description of an algorithm or symbolic representation is an example of a technique used by those skilled in the art of signal processing or related arts to convey the essence of their work to other artisans. An algorithm is considered, in this specification and generally, to be a self-consistent sequence of operations or similar signal processing that yields a desired result. In this context, an operation or process involves physical manipulation of physical quantities. Generally, although not necessarily, such quantities may take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated. It has been found convenient at times, mainly for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals as bits, data, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, digits, etc. However, it should be understood that all of these or similar terms should be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unless otherwise specified, as is apparent from the description of this specification throughout, descriptions using terms such as "processing," "computing," "calculating," "determining," etc., refer to the operations or processes of a specific apparatus, such as a dedicated computer, a dedicated computing device, or a similar dedicated electronic computing device. Therefore, in the context of this specification, a dedicated computer or a similar dedicated electronic computing device is capable of operating or transforming signals generally represented as physical quantities, either electrical or magnetic, within the memory, registers, or other information storage devices, transmission devices, or display devices of the dedicated computer or a similar dedicated electronic computing device.

[0132]

[0133] In the foregoing detailed description, numerous specific details have been set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that the claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods and apparatuses have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the claimed subject matter.

[0133]

[0134] As used herein, the terms "and," "or," and "and / or" may include a variety of meanings that are also expected to depend, at least in part, upon the context in which such terms are used. Generally, when "or" is used to associate a list such as A, B or C, it is intended to mean A, B, and C here used in an inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C here used in an exclusive sense. Further, the term "one or more" as used herein may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular, or may be used to describe some combination of features, structures or characteristics, or some other combination of features, structures or characteristics. It should be noted, however, that this is merely an illustrative example and the claimed subject matter is not limited to this example.

[0134]

[0135] Although the presently exemplary features have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the claimed subject matter. Further, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the claimed subject matter without departing from the central concept described herein.

[0135]

[0136] Accordingly, the claimed subject matter is not limited to the specific examples disclosed, and such claimed subject matter may also include all aspects falling within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. The invention described in the claims of the present application at the time of initial filing is appended below. [C1] A method for measuring the distance between vehicles implemented by a device in a vehicle, comprising: detecting one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle, the one or more movement characteristics comprising at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and steering; adjusting at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof of the transmission of a ranging signal to be broadcast based on the detected one or more movement characteristics; broadcasting the ranging signal using the adjusted transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof. A method comprising the above. [C2] The method according to C1, wherein adjusting at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof comprises increasing the transmission rate of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal. [C3] The method according to C1, further comprising broadcasting one or more ranging signals using a pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth before detecting the one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle. A method according to C1, further comprising the above. [C4] The pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth are based on the number of other vehicles in which a reference signal is broadcast, and adjusting at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof is further based on the number of other vehicles. The method according to C3. [C5] The method according to C1, wherein detecting the one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle comprises determining that at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of steering, or a combination thereof exceeds a pre-determined threshold. [C6] The method according to C5, wherein the pre-determined threshold is based on at least one of geography, road conditions, and the speed of the vehicle, or a combination thereof. [C7] Adjusting at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof of the transmission includes increasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal, and the method determining that at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and rate of turn no longer exceeds the predetermined threshold; decreasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or decreasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal The method according to C5, further comprising. [C8] Sending a request to a central entity to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof of the transmission for the ranging signal in response to the detected one or more motion characteristics; Receiving an instruction from the central entity to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof of the transmission for the ranging signal, wherein adjusting at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof of the transmission for the ranging signal is in response to the instruction, The method according to C1, further comprising. [C9] A wireless device in a vehicle configured to support ranging between vehicles, at least one wireless transceiver configured to communicate in a wireless communication system; at least one memory; at least one processor coupled to the at least one wireless transceiver and the at least one memory comprising, wherein the at least one processor detecting one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle, the one or more motion characteristics comprising at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turn; adjusting at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof of the transmission for a ranging signal to be broadcast based on the detected one or more motion characteristics; broadcasting the ranging signal via the at least one wireless transceiver using the adjusted transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof A wireless device configured to perform [C10] The at least one processor is configured to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof by increasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal The wireless device according to C9, configured to perform [C11] The at least one processor The wireless device according to C9, configured to broadcast one or more ranging signals using a pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth before detecting the one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle [C12] The pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth are based on the number of other vehicles in which a reference signal is broadcast, and the at least one processor is configured to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof based on the number of other vehicles. The wireless device according to C11 [C13] The at least one processor is configured to detect the one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle by determining that at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or a combination thereof exceeds a pre-determined threshold The wireless device according to C9, configured to perform [C14] The pre-determined threshold is based on at least one of geography, road conditions, and the speed of the vehicle, or a combination thereof. The wireless device according to C13 [C15] The at least one processor is configured to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof by increasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal, and the at least one processor Determining that at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and rate of turn no longer exceeds the pre-determined threshold Reducing the rate of the transmission of the ranging signal or reducing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal The wireless device according to C13, further configured to perform the above. [C16] The at least one processor Sending a request to a central entity to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal in response to the detected one or more motion characteristics Receiving an instruction from the central entity to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal, wherein the at least one processor is configured to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal in response to the instruction The wireless device according to C9, further configured to perform the above. [C17] A method for ranging between vehicles implemented by an entity in a wireless communication system, comprising Receiving, from a device in a vehicle, a request to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of a ranging signal based on one or more detected motion characteristics of the vehicle, wherein the one or more motion characteristics comprise at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning Determining the adjustment of at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal Sending an instruction to the device in the vehicle to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal to be broadcast by the device in the vehicle A method comprising the above. [C18] Determining the adjustment of at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof comprises increasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal, the method according to C17. Implementing a listen-before-transmit protocol to broadcast the ranging signal and allocating a transmission slot to the device in the vehicle The method according to C17, further comprising. Determining the at least one adjustment of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting the ranging signal comprises using at least one fixed adjustment of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting the ranging signal, the method according to C17. Determining the at least one adjustment of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting the ranging signal comprises using at least one variable adjustment of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting the ranging signal based on the number of other vehicles in which the PRS is broadcast, the method according to C17. The detected one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle are based on at least one of a speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or a combination thereof that exceeds a predetermined threshold, the method according to C17. Adjusting the at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmission comprises increasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal, the method comprising Receiving, from the device in the vehicle, a second request to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting the ranging signal based on at least one of the speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or a combination thereof that no longer exceeds the predetermined threshold Determining a second adjustment of at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmitting the ranging signal Sending a second command to the device in the vehicle to reduce the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or to reduce the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal The method according to C22, further comprising. An entity in the wireless communication system configured to support ranging between vehicles in the wireless communication system, an external interface configured to communicate in the wireless communication system, at least one memory, and at least one processor coupled to the external interface and the at least one memory wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive, via the external interface, from a device in a vehicle, a request to adjust at least one of a timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for transmission of a ranging signal based on one or more detected movement characteristics of the vehicle, the one or more movement characteristics including at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning; determine the adjustment of the at least one of the timing, the bandwidth, or the combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal; and transmit, via the external interface, an instruction to the device in the vehicle to adjust the at least one of the timing, the bandwidth, or the combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal to be broadcast by the device in the vehicle. An entity configured to perform the above. [C25] The entity according to C24, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the adjustment of the at least one of the timing, the bandwidth, or the combination thereof by increasing a rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing a number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal. [C26] The at least one processor is configured to: implement a listen-before-transmit protocol for broadcasting the ranging signal and allocate a transmission slot to the device in the vehicle. The entity according to C24, configured to perform the above. [C27] The entity according to C24, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal by using at least one fixed adjustment of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal. [C28] The entity according to C24, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal by using at least one variable adjustment of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal based on the number of other vehicles in which the PRS is broadcast. [C29] The entity according to C24, wherein the detected one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle are based on at least one of a speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or a combination thereof that exceeds a predetermined threshold. [C30] The at least one processor is configured to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof by increasing the transmission rate of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal, wherein the at least one processor receives from the device in the vehicle a second request to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal based on at least one of the speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or a combination thereof that no longer exceeds the predetermined threshold, determines a second adjustment of at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal, and sends a second command to the device in the vehicle to decrease the transmission rate of the ranging signal or decrease the number of the resource blocks used in the ranging signal. The entity according to C29, further configured to perform

Claims

1. A method for measuring the distance between vehicles implemented by a device in a vehicle, comprising: Before detecting one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle, broadcasting one or more ranging signals using a pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth; Detecting one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle, wherein the one or more movement characteristics comprise at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning; Based on the detected one or more movement characteristics and the number of other vehicles to which the reference signal is broadcast, adjusting at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal to be broadcast, wherein the ranging signal comprises a positioning reference signal (PRS); Broadcasting the ranging signal using the adjusted transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof; A method comprising the above steps.

2. The adjusting of at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof comprises increasing the transmission rate of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal. The method according to claim 1.

3. The pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth are based on the number of other vehicles to which the reference signal is broadcast. The method according to claim 1.

4. The detecting of one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle comprises determining that at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turning, or a combination thereof exceeds a pre-determined threshold. The method according to claim 1.

5. The pre-determined threshold is based on at least one of geography, road conditions, and the speed of the vehicle, or a combination thereof. The method according to claim 4.

6. The adjusting of at least one of the transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof comprises increasing the transmission rate of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal. The method further comprises: Determining that at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and rate of turning no longer exceeds the pre-determined threshold; Reducing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or reducing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal The method according to claim 4, further comprising. **Claim 7** Sending a request to a central entity to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal in response to the detected one or more motion characteristics Receiving an instruction from the central entity to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal wherein adjusting at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal is in response to the instruction The method according to claim 1, further comprising. **Claim 8** A wireless device in a vehicle configured to support ranging between vehicles, At least one wireless transceiver configured to communicate in a wireless communication system At least one memory At least one processor coupled to the at least one wireless transceiver and the at least one memory Comprising, the at least one processor Broadcasting one or more ranging signals using a pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth before detecting one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle Detecting one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle, the one or more motion characteristics comprising at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning Adjusting at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the transmission of the ranging signal to be broadcast based on the detected one or more motion characteristics and the number of other vehicles to which the reference signal is broadcast, wherein the ranging signal comprises a positioning reference signal (PRS) Broadcasting the ranging signal via the at least one wireless transceiver using the adjusted transmission timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof A wireless device configured to perform. **Claim 9** A method for ranging between vehicles implemented by an entity in a wireless communication system, receiving, from a device in a vehicle, a request to adjust at least one of a transmission timing, a bandwidth, or a combination thereof for a ranging signal based on one or more detected movement characteristics of the vehicle, wherein the one or more movement characteristics include at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and turning, and the device in the vehicle broadcasts one or more ranging signals using a pre-determined transmission timing and bandwidth before determining the one or more movement characteristics of the vehicle; determining the adjustment of at least one of the transmission timing, the bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal; sending an instruction to the device in the vehicle to adjust at least one of the transmission timing, the bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal to be broadcast by the device in the vehicle comprising a method.

10. Implementing a listen-before-transmit protocol to broadcast the ranging signal and allocating a transmission slot to the device in the vehicle The method according to claim 9, further comprising.

11. Determining the adjustment of at least one of the transmission timing, the bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal comprises using a fixed adjustment of at least one of the transmission timing, the bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal. The method according to claim 9.

12. Determining the adjustment of at least one of the transmission timing, the bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal comprises using a variable adjustment of at least one of the transmission timing, the bandwidth, or a combination thereof for the ranging signal based on the number of other vehicles from which a positioning reference signal (PRS) is broadcast. The method according to claim 9.

13. The one or more detected movement characteristics of the vehicle are based on at least one of a speed, a velocity, an acceleration, a deceleration, a rate of turning, or a combination thereof that exceeds a pre-determined threshold. The method according to claim 9.

14. Adjusting at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof of the transmission comprises increasing the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or increasing the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal, and the method Receiving, from the device in the vehicle, a second request to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof of the transmission for the ranging signal based on at least one of the speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, rate of turn, or combination thereof that has ceased to exceed the predetermined threshold Determining a second adjustment of at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof of the transmission for the ranging signal Transmitting a second instruction to the device in the vehicle to reduce the rate of transmission of the ranging signal or reduce the number of resource blocks used in the ranging signal The method according to claim 13, further comprising.

15. An entity in the wireless communication system configured to support ranging between vehicles in the wireless communication system, An external interface configured to communicate in the wireless communication system, At least one memory, At least one processor coupled to the external interface and the at least one memory Comprising, the at least one processor Receiving, via the external interface, from a device in the vehicle, a request to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof of the transmission for the ranging signal based on one or more detected motion characteristics of the vehicle, the one or more motion characteristics comprising at least one of speed, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, and rate of turn, and the device in the vehicle broadcasts one or more ranging signals using a predetermined transmission timing and bandwidth prior to determining the one or more motion characteristics of the vehicle Determining an adjustment of at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or combination thereof of the transmission for the ranging signal Transmitting a command to the device in the vehicle via the external interface to adjust at least one of the timing, bandwidth, or a combination thereof of the transmission of the ranging signal to be broadcast by the device in the vehicle An entity configured to perform.

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