Casino system, casino supplies, and casino supplies providing method

Abstract

To provide a casino system capable of reinforcing security management of casino articles.SOLUTION: A casino system 30 in a casino using a gaming chip to which an RFID tag for storing identification information is granted includes an activation reader / writer 322 that is installed in the casino and reads identification information from an RFID tag of a gaming chip, and a registration device 325 for determining authenticity of a gaming chip and registering a gaming chip that is determined to be authentic as a usable article. The registration device 325 determines authenticity according to whether identification information granted from a manufacturer of a gaming chip coincides with identification information read from the RFID tag of a gaming chip by the activation reader / writer 322, and registers identification information of a gaming chip determined to be authentic as identification information of a usable gaming chip.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a casino system applied to a casino using casino supplies, casino supplies that can be used in a casino, and a method for providing casino supplies for manufacturing casino supplies.

Background Art

[0002] High security is required for casino supplies used in casinos, and casino supplies should be strictly managed. For example, although casino supplies are manufactured at a manufacturing factory, there is a risk of being stolen by malicious persons during the process from the manufacturing factory to being transported to the casino and used on the floor. Also, on the casino floor, there is also a risk that counterfeit casino supplies may be used for a player to win a game improperly.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to strengthen the security management of casino supplies.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] A casino system according to one aspect of the present invention is a casino system in a casino that uses casino supplies provided with RFID tags storing identification information, and includes a first reader installed in the casino for reading the identification information from the RFID tags of the casino supplies, and a registration device for determining the authenticity of the casino supplies and registering the casino supplies determined to be genuine as usable supplies. The registration device determines authenticity based on whether the identification information provided by the manufacturer of the casino supplies matches the identification information read from the RFID tags of the casino supplies by the first reader.

[0006] With this configuration, registration is performed as usable supplies for casino supplies in the casino's backyard, and when casino supplies that have been stolen during the process of being transported to the casino and have not undergone registration are used on the casino floor, such unauthorized casino supplies can be discovered. Also, in the casino, registration is performed after verifying the identification information provided by the manufacturer of the casino supplies and the identification information stored in the RFID tags of the casino supplies, so registration can be performed after confirming that the casino supplies are indeed manufactured at the casino supplies manufacturing factory.

[0007] The above casino system may further include a verification device installed at a casino supplies handling location within the casino for verifying the identification information read from the casino supplies against the identification information of the casino supplies registered by the registration device.

[0008] In the above casino system, the registration device may invalidate the registration of the identification information for the identification information registered as the identification information of usable casino supplies under predetermined conditions.

[0009] In the above casino system, the registration device may invalidate the registration of the identification information for the casino supplies for which the identification information cannot be read.

[0010] In the above-mentioned casino system, the casino supplies may carry information for identifying the casino supplies by a method other than the RFID tag, and the registration device may identify the identification information that should be invalidated for registration using the information for identifying the casino supplies for the casino supplies for which the identification information cannot be read, and invalidate the registration.

[0011] In the above-mentioned casino system, the identification information may include tag identification information assigned by the manufacturer of the RFID tag and article identification information assigned by the manufacturer of the casino supplies.

[0012] In the above-mentioned casino system, the verification device usually verifies the article identification information read from the casino supplies at the casino supplies handling location in the casino with the article identification information read in the past, and at a predetermined timing and / or under predetermined conditions, verifies the tag identification information read from the casino supplies at the casino supplies handling location with the tag identification information of the casino supplies registered in the registration device.

[0013] In the above-mentioned casino system, the identification information provided by the manufacturer of the casino supplies may be encrypted, and the registration device may have a function of decrypting the encrypted identification information.

[0014] In the above-mentioned casino system, the registration device may add and store a flag indicating that the identification information of the usable casino supplies is usable.

[0015] In the above-mentioned casino system, the first reading device may simultaneously read the identification information from the RFID tags of a plurality of the casino supplies, and the registration device may simultaneously determine the authenticity of the plurality of casino supplies.

[0016] In the above-mentioned casino system, the plurality of casino supplies may be housed in one case, the case may be provided with case identification information, the registration device may determine authenticity for each case, and may further include a second reading device for reading the case identification information. The registration device may further determine whether the case identification information provided by the manufacturer of the casino supplies matches the case identification information read by the second reading device.

[0017] In the above-mentioned casino system, the plurality of casino supplies may be housed in one case capable of housing a predetermined number of the casino supplies. The registration device may determine authenticity for each case, and the registration device may compare the number of the casino supplies based on the identification information read by the first reading device with the predetermined number that can be housed in the case.

[0018] In the above-mentioned casino system, the plurality of casino supplies may be housed in one case, the case may be provided with case identification information, the registration device may determine authenticity for each case, and may further include a second reading device for reading the case identification information. The registration device may identify the identification information of the plurality of casino supplies housed in the case based on the case identification information read by the second reading device, and may determine authenticity based on whether the identified identification information matches the identification information read from the RFID tag of the casino supplies by the first reading device.

[0019] In the above-mentioned casino system, the RFID tag may store manufacturing information indicating the manufacturing status of the casino supplies, type information indicating the type of the casino supplies, and / or information on the casino where the casino supplies are used. The registration device may be provided with the manufacturing information, the type information, and / or the casino information corresponding to the identification information from the manufacturer of the casino supplies together with the identification information.

[0020] In the above-mentioned casino system, the registration device may be provided with the type information together with the identification information from the manufacturer of the casino supplies, and the type of the casino supplies related to the determination may be designated by the operator of the registration device. The registration device may determine whether the type information provided by the manufacturer of the casino supplies corresponding to the identification information read by the first reading device matches the type information designated by the operator.

[0021] In the above-mentioned casino system, the RFID tag may store type information indicating the type of the casino supplies. The registration device may be designated with the type of the casino supplies related to the determination by the operator of the registration device. The registration device may determine whether the type information read by the first reading device matches the type information designated by the operator.

[0022] The above-mentioned casino system may further include an identification device that photographs the casino supplies and discriminates the type information of the casino supplies from the photographed image. The registration device may be provided with the type information together with the identification information from the manufacturer of the casino supplies and the type information discriminated by the identification device. The registration device may determine whether the type information provided by the manufacturer of the casino supplies corresponding to the identification information read by the first reading device matches the type information discriminated by the identification device.

[0023] The above-mentioned casino system may further include an identification device that photographs the casino supplies and discriminates the type information of the casino supplies from the photographed image. The RFID tag may store type information indicating the type of the casino supplies. The registration device may determine whether the type information read by the first reading device matches the type information discriminated by the identification device.

[0024] In the above-mentioned casino system, the type information may be information representing the value of the casino supplies.

[0025] In the above casino system, the casino supplies may further have the identification information by means other than the RFID tag.

[0026] In the above casino system, date information may be added to the identification information given by the manufacturer of the casino supplies, and the registration device may determine whether the difference between the date information given by the manufacturer of the casino supplies and the current date exceeds a predetermined threshold.

[0027] In the above casino system, the casino supplies may be usable for a player to bet in a game at a casino and may be exchangeable for money.

[0028] A casino supply according to one aspect of the present invention is provided with an RFID tag storing identification information and is used in the above casino system.

[0029] A method for providing casino supplies according to one aspect of the present invention is a method for providing casino supplies usable at a casino. At a manufacturing factory, an RFID tag with tag identification information is prepared. At the manufacturing factory, casino supplies including the RFID tag are manufactured, and article identification information is stored in the RFID tag. The casino supplies are transferred from the manufacturing factory to the casino. The combination of the tag identification information and the article identification information is transferred from the manufacturing factory to the casino by a route different from the transfer route of the casino supplies. At the casino, the tag identification information and the article identification information are read from the RFID tag of the casino supplies, and it is determined whether the combination of the tag identification information and the article identification information transferred from the manufacturing factory matches the combination of the tag identification information and the article identification information read from the casino supplies. The casino supplies determined to match in the determination are registered as usable casino supplies.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030]

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[0031] Hereinafter, a casino system and a method for providing casino supplies according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the components in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

[0032] Hereinafter, an example in which the casino supplies are gaming chips will be described. However, the casino supplies may be other than gaming chips. For example, they may be a shuffled playing card package in which a plurality of decks of playing cards are shuffled and packaged. Further, the casino supplies may not be items that circulate in the casino like gaming chips, and may not be items that are consumed and discarded in large quantities in the casino like a shuffled playing card package.

[0033] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the process of providing and using casino supplies according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a gaming chip as casino supplies according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, a pattern representing the value of the gaming chip 72 appears on the side surface of the gaming chip 72, and a decal 723 is pasted on the center of its front and back surfaces. Numerals indicating the price of the gaming chip 72 are marked on the decal 723. Further, an RFID tag 721 is incorporated in the gaming chip 72.

[0034] As shown in FIG. 1, a chip manufacturing factory 200 as a chip manufacturer purchases RFID tags 721 from an RFID tag manufacturing factory 100, uses them to manufacture gaming chips 72 incorporating the RFID tags 721, and supplies them to a casino 300. At the casino 300, the casino purchases gaming chips 72 incorporating the RFID tags 721 from the chip manufacturing factory 200 and operates games using the gaming chips 72 on the floor 302.

[0035] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing information stored in the RFID tag of the gaming chip according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the RFID tag 721 includes, as storage areas, a TID area 211 that stores tag identification information assigned by the manufacturer of the RFID tag 721 (RFID tag manufacturing factory 100), and an EPC area 212 that stores article identification information assigned by the manufacturer of the gaming chip 72 incorporating the RFID tag 721 (chip manufacturing factory 200). In the TID area 211, the tag identification information is stored by the RFID tag manufacturing factory 100 that manufactures the RFID tag 721, and in the EPC area 212, the article identification information is stored by the chip manufacturing factory 200 that manufactures the gaming chip 72.

[0036] In the TID area 211, a tag ID unique to the RFID tag 721 is stored as tag identification information, and in the EPC area 212, a chip ID unique to the gaming chip 72 is stored as article identification information. Also, in the EPC area 212, in addition to the chip ID, as type information, the attributes of the gaming chip (whether it is a non-cashable NN chip or a cashable chip) and its value (10 dollars, 100 dollars, 1000 dollars, etc.) are stored, and as manufacturing information, a manufacturing plant ID for identifying the manufacturing plant that manufactured the gaming chip 72 and its manufacturing date are stored, a casino ID for identifying the casino where the gaming chip 72 is used is stored, and further, as activation information, the usability status and its update date and time are stored. In the present embodiment, as the usability status, "valid" indicating that it can be used and "invalid" indicating that it cannot be used are prepared. Note that at the time when the gaming chip 72 is manufactured at the chip manufacturing plant 200, the usability status is set to "invalid".

[0037] Note that the usability status may be represented by a flag. In this case, when the flag is set, it is interpreted as "valid", and when the flag is not set, it is interpreted as "invalid" or "non-valid". Also, part or all of the type information, manufacturing information, casino ID, chip ID (article identification information), and activation information may be stored not in the EPC area 212 but in a user area (not shown) of the RFID tag 721.

[0038] In order to manufacture the gaming chip 72 incorporating the RFID tag 721 in the chip manufacturing factory 200, first, the RFID tag 721 is manufactured in the RFID tag manufacturing factory 100. At this time, tag identification information for identifying the RFID tag 721 is written in the TID area 211 of the RFID tag 72. The RFID tag 72 manufactured in the RFID tag manufacturing factory 100 is provided to the chip manufacturing factory 200. In the chip manufacturing factory 200, a gaming chip 72 incorporating the RFID tag 721 is manufactured. Then, in the chip manufacturing factory 200, chip ID and other information (see Figure 3) are written in the EPC area 212 of the RFID tag 721.

[0039] In the chip manufacturing factory 200, in parallel with the manufacture of the gaming chip 72, a data file 73 recording the combination of the tag ID and the chip ID (hereinafter, the tag ID and the chip ID are collectively referred to as "identification information") is prepared. The chip manufacturing factory 200 supplies the manufactured gaming chip 72 to the casino 300 and, via a different route, provides the data file 73 to the casino 300. Note that the data file 73 may be transmitted from the manufacturer of the gaming chip 72 to the casino 300 by email, or may be recorded on a portable storage medium and handed over from the manufacturer of the gaming chip 72 to the casino 300, or may be stored in cloud storage by the manufacturer of the gaming chip 72 and downloaded by the casino 300. At this time, the data file 73 is provided from the chip manufacturing factory 200 to the casino 300 in an encrypted state by an appropriate method.

[0040] The casino 300 has a backyard 301 as a security area where the player 74 cannot enter and a floor 302 where the player 74 plays games. The backyard 301 is provided with a warehouse 31 for storing game supplies including the gaming chip 72, a procedure room 32 for performing procedures for activating the gaming chip 72, a cashier 33 and a bank 34 communicating with the floor 302.

[0041] The cashier 33 has a counter communicating with the floor 302. At the cashier 33, gaming chips 72 are given to the players 74 on the floor 302 in exchange for cash, and cash is given to the players 74 in exchange for the gaming chips 72 provided by the players 74 on the floor 302. That is, the player 74 can purchase gaming chips 72 with cash through the counter of the cashier 33 and can exchange the gaming chips 72 for cash.

[0042] The bank 34 fills and credits gaming chips 72 with the pit 35. In filling, when the gaming chips 72 to be supplied to the table 36 in the pit 35 are insufficient, the gaming chips 72 are supplied from the bank 34 to the pit 35. In crediting, when there are enough gaming chips 72 in the pit 35, the gaming chips 72 are returned from the pit 35 to the bank 34. For this purpose, a passage or a counter for taking in and out gaming chips 72 is prepared between the bank 34 and the floor 302.

[0043] The gaming chips 72 supplied from the chip manufacturing factory 200 to the casino 300 are first stored in the warehouse 31 of the backyard 301. In the procedure room 32, an activation procedure is performed on the gaming chips 72 stored in the warehouse 31. The gaming chips 72 that have undergone the activation procedure are brought onto the floor 302 via the cashier 33 or the bank 34. Note that the gaming chips 72 that have undergone the activation procedure may be stored in the warehouse 31 once and then provided from the warehouse 31 to the cashier 33 or the bank 34.

[0044] Player 74 can purchase gaming chips 72 at the cashier 33 or the table 36. Player 74 bets the gaming chips 72 in the game conducted at the table 36. If the player wins the game, the player receives the repayment of the gaming chips 72 from the dealer 75, and if the player loses the game, the dealer 75 takes back the bet gaming chips 72. Thus, the number of gaming chips 72 owned by the dealer 75 at the table 36 increases or decreases according to the game. When there is a shortage of gaming chips 72 at the table 36, the gaming chips 72 are replenished from the pit 35 to the table 36, and when there is an excess of gaming chips 72 at the table 36, the gaming chips 72 are moved from the table 36 to the pit 35. In addition, player 74 can enter and exit the floor 302 through the gate 38. Depending on the casino, it may be permitted to enter and exit the floor 302 while holding the gaming chips 72. The pit 35 has jurisdiction over a plurality of tables 36.

[0045] In the casino 300, the warehouse 31, the procedure room 32, the cashier 33, the bank 34, each pit 35, each table 36, and the gate 38 are all locations that handle gaming chips 72 as casino supplies. Hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as casino supply handling locations. Note that the configuration of the casino 300 is not limited to the above example. In particular, the configuration of the backyard 301 is not limited to the above example. For example, the warehouse 31, the procedure room 32, and the bank 34 may be integrated and may be called the backyard, the cage, the bank, etc. Also, there may not be a pit 35 that has jurisdiction over a plurality of tables 36. In that case, in the fill and credit, the gaming chips 72 are transported between the backyard 301 and each table 36.

[0046] FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the casino system according to the embodiment of the present invention. The casino system 30 includes a procedure room system 320 provided in the procedure room 32, a cashier system 330 provided in the cashier 33, a bank system 340 provided in the bank 34, a pit system 350 provided in each pit 35, and a table system 360 provided in each table 36.

[0047] These procedure room systems 320, cashier systems 330, bank systems 340, pit systems 350, and table systems 360 are communicably connected to each other. The communication between these systems may be wired or wireless. Thus, the casino system 30 is a network system including a plurality of subsystems (i.e., the procedure room system 320, cashier system 330, bank system 340, pit system 350, and table system 360) installed at each casino supplies handling location.

[0048] The procedure room system 320 includes an antenna 321 and an activation reader / writer 322 for reading the RFID tag 721 built in the gaming chip 72 brought into the procedure room 32, a central collation device 323 for collating whether the gaming chip 72 at each casino supplies handling location is registered, an input device 324 for inputting data, a registration device 325 for activating (validating, registering) the gaming chip 72, and a database 326 for storing information of each gaming chip 72 including identification information and usability status.

[0049] The cashier system 330 includes an antenna 331 and a cashier reader / writer 332 for reading the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 brought into the cashier 33 or taken out from the cashier 33 to the floor 302, and a cashier collation device 333 for collating the gaming chip 72 using the information read by the cashier reader / writer 332.

[0050] The bank system 340 includes an antenna 341 and a bank reader / writer 342 for reading the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 brought into the bank 34 or taken out from the bank 34 to the floor 302, and a bank verification device 343 for verifying the gaming chip 72 using the information read by the bank reader / writer 342.

[0051] The pit system 350 includes an antenna 351 and a pit reader / writer 352 for reading the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 brought into the pit 350 from the table 36 or the bank 34 or taken out from the pit 350 to the table 36 or the bank 34, and a pit verification device 353 for verifying the gaming chip 72 using the information read by the pit reader / writer 352.

[0052] The table 36 is provided with a chip tray or a chip float (hereinafter simply referred to as "chip tray") for accommodating the dealer's gaming chip 72. Further, the table 36 is provided with a bet area for betting the gaming chip 72 for each player position. The table system 360 includes an antenna 361a and a chip tray reader / writer 362a provided on the chip tray for reading the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 accommodated in the chip tray, and an antenna 361b and a bet chip reader / writer 362b arranged in the bet area of the table 36 for reading the RFID tag 721 of the (bet) gaming chip 72 placed in the bet area of the table 36.

[0053] The table system 360 further includes a pit verification device 363 for verifying the gaming chip 72 using the information read by the chip tray reader / writer 362a and the bet chip reader / writer 362b, and a table storage device 364 for storing the information read by the chip tray reader / writer 362a and the bet chip reader / writer 362b. A gate system similar to each of the above subsystems may also be provided at the gate 38.

[0054] (Activation) Hereinafter, the activation procedure performed in the procedure room 32 will be described. The gaming chip 72 manufactured at the chip manufacturing factory 200 is brought into the backyard 301 of the casino 300 and stored in the warehouse 31. In the procedure room 32, the gaming chip 72 stored in the warehouse 31 is taken out, and the activation procedure of the gaming chip 72 is performed using the procedure room system 320.

[0055] The procedure room system 320 is provided with a data file 73 in which identification information is recorded by the chip manufacturing factory 200 (the manufacturer of the gaming chip 72), and the procedure room system 320 receives this data file 73 through the input device 324. Since the data file 73 is encrypted, the input device 324 decrypts this data file 73. In addition to the identification information, other part or all of the information (see FIG. 3) stored in the RFID tag 721 of each gaming chip 72 may also be recorded in this data file 73.

[0056] The antenna 321 and the activation reader / writer 322 read the tag ID and the chip ID, which are identification information, from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 to be activated. The registration device 325 determines (verifies) whether the identification information read by the activation reader / writer 322 from the gaming chip 72 exists among the identification information stored in the data file 73 decrypted by the input device 324, thereby determining whether the gaming chip 72 is a genuine one formally manufactured at the chip manufacturing factory 200, or a fake one not formally manufactured at the chip manufacturing factory 200 or a defective one with a malfunctioning RFID tag 721. That is, the registration device 325 determines the authenticity of the gaming chip 72 based on whether the identification information stored in the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 matches the identification information stored in the data file 73 (first validation).

[0057] When the registration device 325 determines that the gaming chip 72 is genuine in the authenticity determination, it registers the gaming chip 72 by recording its identification information (tag ID and chip ID) in the database 326. At this time, if other information such as manufacturing information is recorded in the RFID 721 and / or the data file 73 of the gaming chip 72, those pieces of information are also recorded in the database 326 in association with the identification information. Furthermore, the registration device 325 records the activation information of each gaming chip 72 in the database 326.

[0058] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the data structure of the information of each gaming chip recorded in the database according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the database 326 records, for each gaming chip 72, the tag ID as the tag identification information 261, the attributes and values as the type information 262, the manufacturing factory ID and the manufacturing date as the manufacturing information 263, the chip ID and the chip notation ID as the chip identification information 264, the use permission status and the update date and time as the activation information 265, and the history of the combination of the location and the reading date and time as the location history information 266.

[0059] When registering the gaming chip 72 that has successfully passed the verification and been determined to be genuine in the database 326, the registration device 325 records the usability status of its activation information 265 as "valid" and records the date and time at that time as the update date and time, thereby activating (validating) the gaming chip 72 so that it can be used. As a result, by referring to the database 326, it is possible to determine whether the usability status of each gaming chip 72 is "valid" or "invalid", and it is also possible to know when the activation was performed (when it was registered).

[0060] In the present embodiment, since the activation information is also recorded in the EPC area 212 of the RFID 721 of the gaming chip 72, as a process for registering the usable gaming chip 72, the registration device 325 controls the writer function of the activation reader / writer 322, and via the antenna 321, rewrites the usability status recorded in the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 that has successfully passed the verification and been determined to be genuine from "invalid" to "valid". As a result, the systems 330 to 360 at each game equipment handling location can know whether the usability status of the gaming chip 72 is "valid" or "invalid" just by reading the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72.

[0061] As described above, the gaming chip 72 is invalid until it is transported from the chip manufacturing factory 200 to the casino 300 and activated by the procedure room system 320. Therefore, even if the gaming chip 72 is stolen during the transfer process, the stolen gaming chip 72 cannot be used on the floor 302 of the casino 300. The casino only needs to strictly manage the gaming chip 72 after activation by the activation procedure. Compared with the case where strict management must be carried out from the stage when the gaming chip 72 is manufactured, the security level can be increased and the security cost can be reduced. Also, even after registering the gaming chip 72 in the backyard, by setting the usability status to "invalid" until it is actually used, even if the gaming chip 72 stored in the backyard is stolen, such a gaming chip 72 cannot be used, ensuring security.

[0062] (Verification at the casino supplies handling location) At the cashier 33, bank 34, pit 35, and table 36, which are casino supplies handling locations, the identification information of the gaming chip 72 handled there and the confirmation of the usability status are performed using the cashier system 330, bank system 340, pit system 350, and table system 360, respectively. The following will explain each casino supplies handling location.

[0063] At the cashier 33, the antenna 331 of the cashier system 330 and the cashier reader / writer 332 read the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 at the cashier 33 to obtain the tag ID, chip ID, and usability status. First, when the usability status read from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 is "invalid", the cashier verification device 333 outputs an error signal indicating that. When an error signal is output, the cashier 33 stops handling the gaming chip 72.

[0064] The cashier verification device 333 further transmits the identification information (tag ID and chip ID) acquired by the cashier reader / writer 332 to the procedure room system 320. The central verification device 323 in the procedure room 330 verifies whether the identification information received from the cashier system 330 is stored in the database 326, and checks whether the usability status associated with the identification information is valid.

[0065] If the corresponding identification information is stored in the database 326 (i.e., it is genuine) and its usability status is valid, the central verification device 323 transmits a response signal indicating that the gaming chip 72 is genuine and valid to the cashier system 330 for the gaming chip 72. On the other hand, when the gaming chip 72 for which the query was received is not genuine, the central verification device 323 transmits an error signal indicating that it is not genuine to the cashier system 330 as a response signal, and when the usability status is invalid even though the gaming chip 72 for which the query was received is genuine, the central verification device 323 transmits an error signal indicating that it is genuine but invalid to the cashier system 330 as a response signal.

[0066] If there is a gaming chip 72 in which the usability status read from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 is valid in the cashier verification device 333 but the usability status is recorded as invalid in the database 326, the cashier verification device 333 determines that the gaming chip 72 is a forgery and controls the writer function of the cashier reader / writer 332 to rewrite the usability status of the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 to "invalid" via the antenna 331. Alternatively, the cashier verification device 33 may rewrite the usability status to "unknown".

[0067] Also, although the database 326 records that the usability status is "valid", if the usability status read from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 in the cashier verification device 333 is "invalid", it can be determined that for some reason, the usability status stored in the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 has been rewritten, and the usability status stored in the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 may be rewritten to "valid". Alternatively, the usability status of such a gaming chip 72 may be rewritten to "invalid" or "unknown", and its handling may be aborted.

[0068] Regarding the gaming chip 72 brought into the cashier 33 directly from the procedure room 32 or via the warehouse 31, since it has already been activated in the procedure room 32, the possibility of forged or illegal gaming chips is low. However, regarding the gaming chip 72 brought in by the user from the floor 302 and exchanged for money, there may be forged or illegal gaming chips 72. Therefore, the cashier verification device 333 may perform verification of identification information and confirmation of the usability status, especially for the gaming chip 72 related to cashing, and show the result to the player 74 and the cashier's staff. Alternatively, when the player 74 purchases the gaming chip 72 and reads the value information stored in the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 and shows it to the player 74, at the same time, verification of identification information and confirmation of the usability status may also be performed, and the result may be presented to the player 74 together with the value information.

[0069] The bank system 340 basically operates in the same manner as the cashier system 330. The gaming chips 72 to be filled are to be transported from the bank 34 to the pit 35 on the floor 302. Since such gaming chips 72 are activated in the procedure room 32, it is unlikely that counterfeit or illegal gaming chips 72 are mixed in. However, for the gaming chips 72 brought from the floor 302 to the bank 34 during crediting, since they include those collected by the dealer after once being passed to the player 74, there is a possibility that counterfeit or illegal gaming chips 72 are mixed in. Therefore, the bank system 340 may, in particular, refer to the database 326 for the gaming chips 72 brought in from the floor 302 to check the identification information and the usability status.

[0070] The pit system 350 basically operates in the same manner as the cashier system 330. The gaming chips 72 filled from the bank 34 and the chips 72 that become excessive at the table 36 are brought into the pit 35. The pit system 350 collates the gaming chips 72 thus brought into the pit 35. Also, the gaming chips 72 that become excessive in the pit 35 are moved to the bank 34 (credited), or when the gaming chips 72 are insufficient at the table 36, the gaming chips 72 are replenished from the pit 35 to the table 36. The pit system 350 also collates the gaming chips 72 going out of the pit 35 in this way.

[0071] The operation of the table system 360 is as follows. At the table 36, the dealer 75 reimburses the winning player 74 with gaming chips 72 from the chip tray. The antenna 361a is provided on the chip tray, and the chip tray reader / writer 362a reads the identification information and the usability status from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 housed in the chip tray. The identification information read by the chip tray reader / writer 362a is collated by the table collation device 363 and stored in the table storage device 364. When a plurality of gaming chips 72 are housed in the chip tray, the table storage device 364 stores a plurality of identification information corresponding to the plurality of gaming chips 72.

[0072] First, the table collation device 363 compares the past latest identification information stored in the table storage device 364 with the current identification information read by the chip tray reader / writer 362a to determine whether they match.

[0073] When there is identification information in the identification information read by the chip tray reader / writer 362a that is not in the latest identification information stored in the table storage device 364, for such a gaming chip 72, in the same manner as the above cashier collation device 333, it is collated whether the identification information is stored in the database 326 and it is confirmed whether the usability status corresponding to the identification information in the database is "valid".

[0074] Specifically, the table collation device 363 usually collates the chip ID read from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 with the previous chip ID registered in the table storage device 364. When a new chip ID that was not read during the previous reading is read, it collates the identification information including the tag ID read from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 with the identification information including the tag ID recorded in the database 326.

[0075] Figure 6 is a flowchart of the operation of the table system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna 361a and the chip tray reader / writer 362a read the chip ID from the RFID tag 721 of all the gaming chips 72 in the chip tray (step S61). The table collating device 363 collates the set of these read chip IDs with the set of chip IDs stored as the latest past chip IDs in the table storage device 364, and determines whether there is a new chip ID in the read chip IDs that is not stored in the table storage device 364 (step S62).

[0076] If a new chip ID is read (YES in step S62), the antenna 361a and the chip tray reader / writer 362a specify the new chip ID, read the tag ID from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 having the new chip ID, and transmit the combination of this chip ID and the tag ID to the procedure room system 320 for collation with the information stored in the database 326 (step S63). Then, the set of all the read chip IDs is stored in the table storage device 364 as a new set of past chip IDs (step S64).

[0077] Note that when no new chip ID is read, that is, when no new gaming chip 72 is added to the chip tray since the previous reading, the table collating device 363 determines whether there is a chip ID that was read in the previous reading but not read in the current reading in the comparison between the set of the read chip IDs and the set of the latest past chip IDs stored in the table storage device 364 (step S65).

[0078] If there is a chip ID that has stopped being read, that is, if the gaming chip 72 has been taken out of the chip tray (YES in step S65), the set of all the read chip IDs is stored in the table storage device 364 as the latest set of chip IDs in the past (step S64). On the other hand, if there is no chip ID that has stopped being read (NO in step S65), that is, if there has been no increase, decrease, or change in the gaming chip 72 in the chip tray, the table storage device 364 is not updated.

[0079] Thus, in this embodiment, in the chip tray of the table 36, normally, the chip ID stored in the EPC area 212 is read at a predetermined time interval, and its change is monitored. When there is a change in the chip ID, particularly when a new chip ID is read, for the gaming chip 72 with the new chip ID, collation with the database 326 and confirmation of the availability status of the database 326 are performed. Therefore, the processing load can be reduced, and the processing time required for one cycle can be shortened (the processing speed can be improved).

[0080] Note that the table collation device 363 may perform collation with the database 326 and confirmation of the availability status of the database 326 at a predetermined timing and / or under predetermined conditions regardless of whether there is a newly read chip ID.

[0081] When the player 74 bets on a game, the gaming chip 72 on which the bet is placed is placed in a predetermined bet area on the game table. The antenna 361b is disposed under the bet area on the table surface of the game table, and the bet chip reader / writer 362b reads the identification information from the RFID tag 721 of the bet gaming chip 72. The identification information read by the bet chip reader / writer 362b is collated by the table collation device 363 and stored in the table storage device 364. When a plurality of gaming chips 72 are bet in the bet area, a plurality of pieces of identification information corresponding to the plurality of gaming chips 72 are stored in the table storage device 364.

[0082] The antenna 361b and the bet chip reader / writer 362b read not only the gaming chip 72 bet by the player 74 in the bet area but also the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 paid out from the chip tray by the dealer 75, and the table storage device 364 also reads the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 paid out in such a manner.

[0083] The table collation device 363 also performs confirmation of the usability status and collation of the identification information on the identification information read from the RFID tag 721 by the bet chip reader / writer 362b in the same manner as the gaming chip 72 stored in the chip tray. Specifically, the table collation device 363 does not always perform collation with the database 326 for the identification information read by the bet chip reader / writer 362b. When new identification information that is not the latest past identification information stored as having been read by the bet chip reader / writer 362b in the table storage device 364 is read by the antenna 361b and the bet chip reader / writer 362b, collation with the identification information stored in the database 326 and confirmation of the usability status stored in the database 326 are performed via the central collation device 323.

[0084] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the registration device 325 registers the usability status as "valid" when newly registering a new gaming chip 72. However, this is not the only case. When the gaming chip is stored in the backyard for a relatively long time after registration until it is taken out to the casino floor 302, the usability status may be registered as "invalid" once, and then changed to "valid" before being taken out to the casino floor 302 or when being transferred to the cashier 33.

[0085] In addition, in the present embodiment, the registration device 325 performs both first validation and the change (activation) of the usability status to "valid". However, the device that performs first validation (determination device) and the device that performs activation (registration device) may be separate devices. Further, the first validation may be performed at the chip manufacturing factory 200.

[0086] In addition, in the present embodiment, a record is created in the database 326 for the gaming chip 72 determined to be genuine by the first validation. Further, for the usable gaming chip 72, the usability status of the gaming chip 72 recorded in the database 326 is set to "valid". Alternatively, a database (usable database) may be configured only with the usable gaming chip 72. In this case, a gaming chip 72 having a record in the usable database is determined to be usable. In addition to the usable database recording such usable gaming chips 72, a genuine database of the gaming chips 72 determined to be genuine by the first validation may be prepared. In this case, for the gaming chips read at each casino supplies handling station, a collation is performed with the usable database, and for the gaming chips 72 having no record in the usable database, the genuine database is referred to determine whether the gaming chip 72 was provided from the chip manufacturing factory 200.

[0087] (Invalidation of registration) As described above, the registration device 325 registers the gaming chip 72 in the database 326 by storing each information including the identification information of the new gaming chip 72 acquired from the factory in the database 326. On the other hand, for the malfunctioning gaming chip 72 and the old gaming chip 72, the registration device 325 invalidates the once-activated usability status.

[0088] At each casino supplies handling station, gaming chips 72 from which information cannot be read from the RFID tag 721 (i.e., gaming chips 72 with a damaged RFID tag 721) are excluded from the gaming chips 72 that can be used on the spot. Also, gaming chips 72 that fail to match the identification information read from the RFID tag 721 are excluded from the gaming chips 72 that can be used on the spot. Furthermore, gaming chips 72 with an invalid usability status are also excluded. For these gaming chips 72 with such problems, the registration device 325 performs procedures for invalidation or deactivation. Furthermore, even if there are no problems, for gaming chips 72 for which a predetermined period (e.g., one year) has elapsed since the date and time of the first activation, an invalidation procedure is performed to discard these gaming chips 72.

[0089] In the invalidation process, the registration device 325 updates the usability status of the corresponding gaming chip 72 recorded in the database 326 to "invalid" and records the update date and time. Alternatively, the registration device 325 may delete the information of the gaming chip 72 to be invalidated from the database 326. When the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 malfunctions, identification information to be invalidated cannot be read from such a gaming chip 72. Therefore, the registration device 325 invalidates such a gaming chip 72 as follows.

[0090] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a gaming chip with the decal removed according to an embodiment of the present invention. The gaming chip 72 carries information for identifying the gaming chip 72 by a method other than the RFID tag 721. The gaming chip 72 has a circular recess in the center, and a decal 723 is attached to the bottom surface 722 of the recess. The number representing the value of the gaming chip 72 is indicated on this decal 723. When this decal 723 is removed, a chip notation ID is indicated on the bottom surface (decal attachment surface) 722 as identification information unique to the gaming chip 72. The chip notation ID may be indicated on the bottom surface 722 of the recess of the gaming chip 72 by laser engraving, or may be printed on the decal attachment surface 722 with some kind of ink. Note that the chip notation ID may be printed on the surface of the decal 723. In this case, the chip notation ID may be printed with visible ink, or an invisible ink that is not visible under normal conditions, such as a UV-emitting ink that emits light when irradiated with UV light or an infrared-absorbing ink that absorbs infrared rays, may be used to print the chip notation ID on the surface of the decal 723.

[0091] For a gaming chip 72 from which the registration device 325 cannot read the identification information from the RFID tag 721, the registration device 325 identifies the identification information to be invalidated using the chip notation ID for identifying the gaming chip 72 and invalidates the registration. For a gaming chip 72 in which the RFID tag 721 has failed and the identification information cannot be read, when invalidating it, the operator removes the decal 723, visually recognizes the chip notation ID indicated on the decal attachment surface 722, and inputs it to the registration device 325 via the input device 324. The registration device 325 refers to the database 326 and identifies the identification information corresponding to the input chip notation ID (see FIG. 5). Thereby, even for a gaming chip 72 in which the RFID tag 721 has failed, the gaming chip 72 can be identified on the database 326 and the invalidation procedure can be performed.

[0092] As described above, the gaming chip 72 passed to the player 74 travels back and forth between multiple players 74 and the table 36 through bets placed by the player 74 and payouts made by the dealer 75, and finally returns to the bank 34 via the pit 35. At this time, for the gaming chip 72 excluded at each casino supplies handling location as described above, the registration device 325 performs an invalidation procedure.

[0093] Also, the gaming chip 72 that is recovered by the bank 34 without being excluded as having a problem is subjected to verification of identification information and confirmation of the usability status in the bank system 34, and further, it is determined whether a predetermined period has elapsed since the first activation. At this time, if a gaming chip 72 that fails to match the identification information, a gaming chip 72 whose usability status is not "valid", or a gaming chip 72 for which a predetermined period has elapsed since the first activation is detected, an invalidation procedure is performed for those gaming chips 72.

[0094] In addition, for the gaming chip 72 whose read identification information does not match the database 326 and the gaming chip 72 whose usability status is not "valid" as a result of the comparison in the database 326 at each casino supplies handling location, the registration device 325 may immediately perform an invalidation procedure for the gaming chip 72 without waiting for the gaming chip 72 to return to the backyard 301. Also, the reader / writer at each casino supplies handling location may rewrite the usability status of such a gaming chip 72 to "invalid" if the usability status of the gaming chip 72 is "valid".

[0095] When the gaming chip 72 is read at each casino supply handling location, the central verification device 323 may check the history of the location of the gaming chip 72 based on the information in the database 326. If the location history is inappropriate according to a predetermined judgment criterion, the central verification device 323 may invalidate the usability status of the gaming chip 72 as a suspicious gaming chip 72. For example, if in the location history the gaming chip 72 moves directly from one player 74 to another player 74 without passing through the chip tray 36a, the location history of the gaming chip 72 is judged to be suspicious (there may be money laundering). Alternatively, a list (blacklist) of suspicious gaming chips 72 may be created in advance on the database 326 side, and when the gaming chip 72 involved in the verification is listed in the blacklist, the registration device 325 may actually perform an invalidation process on the gaming chip 72.

[0096] (Trace of Gaming Chip) As described above, the information of each gaming chip 72 in the database 326 includes location history information 266. Each time the central referral device 323 receives an inquiry of identification information from each casino supply handling location, it updates the location history information 266 corresponding to the identification information. Specifically, when the central referral device 323 receives an inquiry of identification information from each casino supply handling location, it records, in the location history information 266 corresponding to the identification information, the information identifying the casino supply handling location as the location information and the date and time at that time as the reading date and time. In the database 326, a predetermined number of information can be recorded as this location history information, and after recording the predetermined number of location histories, the old information is overwritten.

[0097] The location information is, as described above, information that identifies each casino supplies handling location. For example, when there are multiple windows at the cashier 33, the window ID that identifies the window may be used as the location information. Since there are also multiple pits 35 and tables 36, the pit ID and table ID that identify which pit 35 and which table are used as the location information.

[0098] Furthermore, when the gaming chip 2 is handed to the player 74, the player ID of the player 74 is recorded as the location information. For example, when the antenna 361b is provided for each player position at the table 36, the player ID of each player position can be identified by the membership card held by the player 74 or by face recognition of the image of the player playing at the table 36.

[0099] By detecting to which player position the gaming chip 72 paid out to the player is paid out, it is possible to grasp to which player with which player ID the gaming chip 72 is paid out. Also, when the player 74 purchases the gaming chip 72 at the cashier 33, the player ID of the player 74 is identified and the player ID is recorded as the location information.

[0100] By recording the history of the location information and its reading date and time in the database 326 in this way, it is possible to grasp how the gaming chip 72 has moved by referring to the database 326.

[0101] (Modification Example 1) FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the procedure room system according to Modification Example 1 of the embodiment of the present invention. The procedure room system 320' of this Modification Example 1 activates a plurality of gaming chips 72 at the same time. The plurality of gaming chips 72 are activated while being housed in the chip case 71. A barcode 722 is attached to the chip case 71 as case identification information for identifying the chip case 71.

[0102] In the data file 73 provided by the game equipment manufacturer to the casino 300, the code information represented by the barcode 722 is associated with the information of each gaming chip 72. The procedure room system 320´ further includes a barcode reader 327. The barcode reader 327 reads the barcode 722 of the chip case 71 containing the gaming chip 72 related to activation.

[0103] The antenna 321 and the activation reader 322 simultaneously read the RFID tags 721 of a plurality of gaming chips 72 housed in the chip case 720. The registration device 325 receives a plurality of identification information read from the RFID tags 721 of the plurality of gaming chips 72 by the antenna 321 and the activation reader 322, the information of the data file 73´ decoded by the input device 324, and the code information of the barcode 722 of the chip case 71 read by the barcode reader 327. First, the registration device 325 determines whether the code information of the chip case 71 given by the manufacturer of the gaming chip 72 matches the code information of the chip case 71 read by the barcode reader 327. That is, first, the registration device 325 determines whether the chip case 71 itself is the chip case that should be there.

[0104] Next, the registration device 325 identifies, from the data file 73´, the identification information of the gaming chips 72 corresponding to the code information of the barcode 722, that is, a plurality of gaming chips 72 related to activation. The registration device 325 collates the identified identification information of the gaming chips 72 with the identification information read from the RFID tags 721 of the gaming chips 72 related to activation by the activation reader / writer 322, thereby determining the authenticity of those gaming chips 72. When the collation is successful for all the gaming chips 72 related to activation, the registration device 325 sets the usability status of those gaming chips 72 to "valid" and stores the information of those gaming chips 72 in the database 326, thereby registering those gaming chips 72.

[0105] According to this configuration, the gaming chips 72 can be stored and managed in the chip case 720 from manufacturing to activation, and it can be ensured that the gaming chips 72 that should be stored in each chip case 720 exist without excess or deficiency.

[0106] (Modification 2) FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the procedure room system according to Modification 2 of the embodiment of the present invention. The procedure room system 320´´ of this Modification 2 also activates a plurality of gaming chips 72 simultaneously. In addition to the identification information, type information is stored in the gaming chips 72. The procedure room system 320´´ includes a camera 3291 that photographs the sides of a plurality of gaming chips 72 from which the RFID tags 721 are read by the antenna 321, and an image recognition device 3292 that performs image recognition on the images generated by the camera 329.

[0107] A plurality of gaming chips 72 are photographed by the camera 329 in a stacked state. The camera 329 generates image data by photographing. The image recognition device 3292 performs image recognition on the image data to determine the types of the plurality of gaming chips 72 based on the patterns appearing on their sides. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, on the side surface of the gaming chip 72, there is a center line as a pattern, and the color of the center line represents the type of the gaming chip 72. Therefore, the image recognition device 3292 recognizes the center line from the image and determines the type of the gaming chip 3292 in the image according to its color.

[0108] The registration device 325 determines whether the types of the plurality of gaming chips read by the activation reader 322, that is, the respective numbers of each type, match the types of the plurality of gaming chips recognized by the image recognition device 3292, that is, the respective numbers of each type.

[0109] According to this configuration, for the gaming chip 72 related to activation, it is possible to inspect whether the type determined from the appearance matches the type stored in the RFID tag 721. Also, it is possible to inspect whether the number of gaming chips 72 that can be seen from the appearance matches the number of RFID tags 721 read.

[0110] In addition, in this Modification 2, the type is specified from the appearance of the gaming chip 72 and it is determined whether it matches the type stored in the RFID tag 721. However, without determining the type using the image and the RFID tag 721, the image recognition device 3292 recognizes the number based on the image, and the gaming chip 72 may be inspected by determining whether the number matches the number of RFID tags 721 read by the activation reader 322. Also, in this Modification 2, for the plurality of gaming chips 72, they do not have to be inspected simultaneously, and they may be inspected one by one.

[0111] In the above-described Modification Example 1, regarding the plurality of gaming chips 72 housed in the chip case 720, while grasping the identification information and other information of the gaming chips 72 housed in the chip case 720 by reading the RFID tags 721, the barcode reader 327 reads the barcode 722 and refers to the data file 73' to grasp the identification information and other information of the gaming chips 72 housed in the chip case 720, and the gaming chips 72 are inspected by comparing the grasped information. Also, in the above-described Modification Example 2, regarding the plurality of gaming chips 72, while grasping the types of those gaming chips 72 by reading the RFID tags 721, the side surfaces of the plurality of gaming chips 72 are photographed by the camera 329 and image recognition is performed to grasp the types of the gaming chips 72 housed in the chip case 720, and the gaming chips 72 are inspected by comparing the grasped information.

[0112] As another example, the gaming chips 72 may be inspected based on the number of gaming chips 72 housed in the chip case 720 without using the barcode reader 327 or the camera 329. That is, as the chip case 720, the procedure room system 320 uses a known case to make the number of gaming chips 72 housed in the chip case 720 known, and the gaming chips 72 may be inspected by confirming whether the number of RFID tags 721 read by the antenna 321 and the activation reader 322 is the known number.

[0113] Alternatively, instead of the camera 3291 and the image recognition device 3292, an inspection may be performed based on information input by an operator of the activation procedure from the operating device 328. For example, the operator may visually identify the types of a plurality of gaming chips 72 and input the type information into the input device. In this case, the registration device 325 may inspect the gaming chips 72 by determining whether the type information of the gaming chips 72 input by the operator to the operating device 328 matches the type information read from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chips 72 by the activation reader 322.

[0114] Alternatively, the registration device 325 may inspect the gaming chips 72 by determining whether the type information input by the operator to the operating device 328 matches the type information recorded in the data file 73 provided by the manufacturer of the casino supplies.

[0115] In the procedure room system 320″ of the above-described modification 2 and its modifications, the number of gaming chips 72 identified using the RFID tag 721 is compared with the number of gaming chips 72 identified by image recognition, the known number based on the chip case 720, or the number input by the operator, and an inspection is performed. By this inspection, it is possible to detect a gaming chip 72 in which the RFID tag 721 has failed (hereinafter referred to as a "faulty chip"). That is, the procedure room system 320″ can be used as an inspection device for detecting faulty chips.

[0116] The detection of this faulty chip may be performed in the procedure room 32 of the backyard 301, for the gaming chips 72 for activation, as well as for the gaming chips 72 filled in any of the pits 35 on the floor 302 and the gaming chips 72 returned to the backyard 301 by credit after being used on the floor 302. Also, an inspection device similar to the procedure room system 320´´ may be installed at the cashier 33, and the inspection for faulty chips may be performed for the gaming chips 72 sold from the cashier 33 to the player and the gaming chips 72 exchanged for cash at the cashier 33.

[0117] Furthermore, an inspection device similar to the procedure room system 320´´ may be installed in the pit 35, and the inspection for faulty chips may be performed for the gaming chips 72 transported from the backyard 301, the gaming chips 72 credited from the pit 35 to the backyard 301, the gaming chips 72 filled from the pit 35 to the table 36, and the gaming chips 72 moved from the table 36 to the pit 35.

[0118] The registration device 325 may, in this way, perform the invalidation process for the gaming chips 72 detected as being broken by the inspection. When the above inspection is performed during filling and crediting, filling and crediting are carried out after confirming that the gaming chips 72 related to filling and crediting are not broken. Also, when the above inspection is performed during exchange, exchange is carried out after confirming that the gaming chips 72 related to exchange are not broken.

[0119] Furthermore, during filling and crediting, an inspection for faulty chips may be performed for the gaming chips 72 moving between the pit 35 and the backyard 301 to detect the broken gaming chips 72. In this case, an inspection device similar to the procedure room system 320´´ may be provided on the carrier (cart) for transporting the gaming chips 72.

[0120] In the above-described embodiments and Modifications 1 and 2, the floor 302 is provided with the pit 35 that has jurisdiction over the plurality of tables 36. In filling, the gaming chips 72 are supplied from the bank 34 in the backyard 301 to the tables 36 via the pit 35. In crediting, the gaming chips 72 are conveyed from the tables 36 to the bank 34 in the backyard 301 via the pit 35. However, the pit 35 may not be provided. When the pit 35 is not provided, filling and crediting are directly performed between the bank 34 and each table 36. Also, in this case, the inspection performed in the above-described pit 35 will be performed at the table 36.

[0121] (Modification 3) In the above-described embodiment, the usability status is stored as activation information in the database 326 and in the RFID tag 721 built into the gaming chip 72. However, the activation information may not be recorded in the RFID tag 721. Also, the activation information may not be recorded in the database 326, and a table including only the valid gaming chips 72 activated in the database 326 is created. The central collation device 323 determines whether the gaming chip 72 is a valid gaming chip 72 activated based on whether there is identification information corresponding to the identification information read from the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72 to be collated in the table.

[0122] (Modification 4) In the examples of FIGS. 3 and 5 in the above-described embodiment, the location history information was to be stored in the database 326. However, the location history information may be recorded in the RFID tag 721 of the gaming chip 72.

[0123] In the case of gaming tokens based on the prior art, it was possible to determine the authenticity of the gaming tokens themselves by grasping the information written in the memory area through RFID reading. However, it was not possible to record and determine the information obtained during use at the casino site, particularly information regarding the owner of the gaming tokens. Therefore, even though they are genuine gaming tokens, gaming tokens with an abnormal history in terms of usage, such as being used or exchanged by an owner different from the original owner, cannot be detected by RFID reading, and it was not possible to prevent such gaming tokens with an abnormal usage history from being used at the casino.

[0124] Therefore, in the present invention, in order to constantly grasp and manage the owner information of each gaming token and enhance security, a system is provided that enables a dealer to pay gaming tokens to a player and, when the ownership of the gaming tokens moves from the casino to a player, to grasp and record which player the ownership of the gaming tokens has moved to.

[0125] (First example) The overall outline of the table game management system of the first example of Modification 4 will be described with reference to FIG. 10. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the overall outline of the system. On the gaming table 1004 for baccarat games, there are betting areas for the player 1441, banker 1442, tie 1443, player pair 1444, and banker pair 1445 for each of the player positions 1131 to 1135. In addition, a chip placement area 1025 is provided for each player position, and a chip reading device 1002 for reading the RFID of the gaming tokens 1001 placed in the chip placement area is provided.

[0126] Furthermore, in each chip placement area 1025, there is a pay area 1026 for the dealer to place the gaming tokens 1001 taken out from the chip tray 1009 when paying out the gaming tokens 1001 from the chip tray 1009 of the gaming table 1004 to the winning player.

[0127] Furthermore, it further includes a control device 1003 for grasping the RFID reading result of the gaming currency 1001 read by the chip reader 1002.

[0128] First, a player who participates in the game bets the gaming currency 1001 in the bet area within the chip placement area. By the chip reader 1002 reading the RFID of the bet gaming currency 1001, the control device 1003 grasps the ID information of the RFID and the information regarding the owner of the gaming currency 1001 associated with it on the database.

[0129] Based on the result of the game, when the casino side wins, the dealer collects the gaming currency 1001 bet by the losing player and puts it into the chip tray 1009. The RFID of the gaming currency 1001 in the chip tray 1009 is grasped by the chip reader 1002, and it is recorded on the database by the control device 1003 that the owner of the gaming currency 1001 collected by the casino side is the casino.

[0130] Based on the result of the game, for the winning player, the dealer pays out from the chip tray to the winning player an amount of gaming currency 1001 corresponding to the amount of the bet chip according to the rules of the game.

[0131] When paying out, the payout chip may be placed in the above-mentioned pay area 1026, or it may also be within the chip placement area other than the pay area.

[0132] Here, the method of recording the owner information of the payout chip will be described with reference to FIG. 11. FIG. 11 shows the method of recording the information regarding the owner of the gaming currency 1001 when paying out chips to the winning player.

[0133] When multiple players place betting chips within the same player position and there are two or more stacks, since the chip reading device 1002 reads all the gaming tokens 1001 placed within the chip placement area 1025 at once, during the game, without knowing which gaming token 1001 belongs to which player, it acquires the ID 1010 of the wagered gaming tokens. After the win-loss result of the game is determined, when making a payment to the winning player, the dealer makes a payout from the chip tray 1009 for each player (each stack). The gaming tokens 1001 taken out from the chip tray 1009 are placed within the chip placement area 1025. The chip reading device 1002 reads the ID 1011 of the payout chips placed within the chip placement area 1025.

[0134] The paid-out gaming tokens 1001 are received by the winning player together with the initially wagered gaming tokens 1001. At this time, since the said betting chips and payout chips move outside the chip placement area 1025, the IDs of the said betting chips and payout chips disappear from the reading result by the chip reading device 1002. Thereby, the control device 1003 grasps which player the paid-out payout chips were paid out to by associating it with the information regarding the owner of the said betting chips.

[0135] The control device 1003 stores the grasped information regarding the owner of the payout chips in association with the ID of the said gaming tokens in a database.

[0136] As described above, it becomes possible to trace the owner of the gaming tokens 1001, and in the case of illegal transfer etc. of the gaming tokens 1001, it becomes possible to discover that the owner information stored in the database is different from the actual owner.

[0137] It can be grasped that for determining the actual owner, face recognition technology or IDs such as membership cards are used.

[0138] In the above description, the IDs of the game tokens are managed on the database, but the game token 1001 itself may have a configuration in which the owner information is stored.

[0139] In addition, the above-described pay area 1026 may be configured such that, in addition to being present for each player position, the area is configured independently of each player position, and the reading by the chip reader 1002 is also performed independently.

[0140] Furthermore, a configuration may be adopted in which it is possible to select whether to use the pay area 1026 or not depending on the reading performance of the chip reader 1002.

[0141] Furthermore, this table game management system is also connected to an RFID reader that reads the chips in the chip tray 1009 by RFID, a camera that reads the bet chips, a winning / losing result determination device such as a shoe that determines the winning / losing result of the game, etc., and may have a configuration in which information can be mutually utilized.

[0142] (Second example) First, the game substitute currency used in the game substitute currency management system of the second example of Modification 4 will be described. FIG. 12 shows the game substitute currency 1 used in the system. In the figure, an RFID tag 2 capable of storing various information is embedded in the game substitute currency 1. The RFID tag 2 includes an area 21 where data cannot be rewritten and an area 22 where data can be rewritten.

[0143] In the area 21 where data cannot be rewritten, as fixed information 3, information that does not change while the gaming substitute currency 1 is in use, or information that has no change, or information that must not be changed, is stored. Specifically, as fixed information 3, production information of the gaming substitute currency 1, product information, casino information, amount information, serial number, etc. are stored. The production information includes the date and time when the gaming substitute currency was manufactured, the manufacturing machine, etc. The product information includes information indicating that it is a chip for the VIP area of a casino, information indicating the type of chip (e.g., information indicating that it is a rolling chip or a cash chip), etc.

[0144] The area 21 where data cannot be rewritten may, due to the specifications of the RFID tag, be a functionally unwriteable area, or may be an area that is locked so that data cannot be written after writing the necessary information in an area where writing is possible.

[0145] In the area 22 where data can be rewritten, as variable information 4, information that changes while the gaming substitute currency 1 is in use is stored. For example, as variable information 4, as shown in FIG. 12, location-related information 220 including information 221 regarding date and time, information 222 regarding location and event, information 223 regarding the owner, etc. is stored.

[0146] The fixed information 3 and the variable information 4 may be encrypted to prevent unauthorized reading and writing of information by others. Also, the fixed information 3 and the variable information 4 may be stored as metadata.

[0147] FIG. 13 shows an example of a method for recording data of the variable information 4 of the gaming substitute currency 1. As shown in FIG. 13, the location-related information 220 consisting of date and time, time information 221, location, event information 222, and owner information 223 is grouped as a single block, and the information of the block is connected in a chain so that the history of the location-related information 220 of the gaming substitute currency 1 can be grasped.

[0148] Figure 13 shows an example of the variation information 4 stored in the gaming substitute currency 1, and the movement of the gaming substitute currency 1 can be grasped as follows. At 16:02 on January 28, 2019, Mr. A exchanges cash and the gaming substitute currency 1 at the cage 5. At 16:15 on the same day, Mr. A places a bet using the gaming substitute currency 1 at Table No. 325. At 16:43 on the same day, Mr. B receives the gaming substitute currency 1 as the repayment for winning the bet at Table No. 325. At 17:01 on the same day, Mr. B leaves the casino with the gaming substitute currency 1.

[0149] The variation information 4 may be configured to store only the latest information as shown in Figure 13, or may store information regarding all the locations where it has been written. Also, some of the information regarding multiple locations may be selectively stored. When selectively storing some of them, it may store multiple pieces of information regarding locations including at least the latest location information 220 among all the location information 220. With the above configuration, from the variation information 4 of a certain gaming substitute currency 1, the history of the use or movement of the said gaming substitute currency 1 can be understood. That is, the traceability information of the gaming substitute currency 1 is written in the gaming substitute currency 1 itself, and is configured to be graspable.

[0150] Next, the management system of the gaming substitute currency 1 in this example will be described. Figure 14 shows the overall overview of the system.

[0151] First, at the factory 6, the gaming substitute currency 1 has the variation information 4 including the information on the completion of manufacturing or factory shipment written by the writing device 14 into the area 22 where the data of the RFID tag 2 can be rewritten as the location-related information 220.

[0152] The gaming substitute currency 1 shipped from the factory 6 undergoes acceptance processing in the casino's backyard 7. In the backyard 7, the reading device 13 reads the fluctuation information 4 stored in the area 22 where the data of the gaming substitute currency 1 can be rewritten. Based on the reading result, the management control device 15 determines whether the location-related information 220 indicating that it has been written at the factory 6 is written as the information to be written as the latest fluctuation information 4. If there is no writing record at the factory 6, an error signal is generated as gaming substitute currency suspected of fraud. As a result, it becomes possible to reject the acceptance of the said gaming substitute currency on the casino side or to request an investigation from the factory side. If there is no problem with the writing record, the writing device 14 writes the location-related information 220 indicating the backyard into the area 22 where the data of the RFID tag 2 can be rewritten. At the time of writing, the location information indicating the backyard may be described in addition to the location information indicating the factory, or the location information indicating the factory may be deleted and the location information indicating the backyard may be described. Also, the reading and writing of the gaming substitute currency in the above-mentioned backyard 7 can be performed in conjunction with the normal validation and activation operations of the gaming substitute currency.

[0153] The gaming substitute currency 1 for which the acceptance inspection has been completed in the backyard 7 is transported to the casino's warehouse 8 or cage 9. In the warehouse 8 or cage 9, the reading device 13 reads the fluctuation information 4 stored in the area 22 where the data of the gaming substitute currency 1 can be rewritten. Based on the reading result, the management control device 15 determines whether the location-related information 220 indicating that it has been written in the backyard 7 is written as the information to be written as the latest fluctuation information 4. Also, it may be checked whether information indicating the factory 6 is written in the history of the fluctuation information 4. Similar to the inspection in the above-mentioned backyard 7, the management control device 15 determines whether there is any abnormality in the history of the location information. If there is no problem with the reading result, the writing device 14 writes the location-related information 22 indicating the warehouse 8 or cage 9 into the area 22 where the data can be rewritten.

[0154] The player purchases the game substitute currency 1 at the cage 9. When the player purchases the game substitute currency 1, the writing device 14 in the cage 9 writes, as the change information 4, the time when the game substitute currency was purchased and the information indicating that the owner of the game substitute currency has changed from a casino staff to a guest. The player may be configured to be identified and recorded by face recognition technology, an ID card such as a casino membership card or a My Number card, etc.

[0155] The player uses the exchanged game substitute currency 1 to place a bet by putting the game substitute currency 1 in the betting area 11 on the gaming table. The reading device 13 reads the location-related information 220 consisting of the date and time, time information 221, location, event information 222, and owner information 223 from the RFID tag 2 of the bet game substitute currency 1, and the management control device 15 determines whether there is any abnormality. For example, if a certain period of time has passed since the date and time of the information on the use at the gaming table or the information on the exchange at the cage written last, or if the owner information 223 stored in the game substitute currency 1 is different from the owner information 223 identified by face recognition or ID card, it can be determined as abnormal.

[0156] If there is no problem with the reading result, for the bet game substitute currency 1, the writing device 14 adds the location-related information 220 to the rewritable area 22. The location-related information 220 includes the date and time, time information 221, location, event information 222, and owner information 223. On the table, for example, the change information 4 including the player position number where the game substitute currency 1 is placed and the player information is written by the writing device 14. The player information may be identified by an ID card or face recognition. Usually, since a plurality of game substitute currencies 1 are stacked and placed in the betting area 11, the writing is performed collectively in the stacked state.

[0157] When a player takes out the gaming substitute currency 1 from the casino floor, the player undergoes the exit process at Gate 10. At the time of exit, the location-related information 220 is read by the reading device 14, and the management control device 15 determines whether there is any abnormality in the fluctuation information 4. Also at Gate 10, the writing device 14 writes the location indicating the exit, the event information 222, and the fluctuation information 4 including the owner information 223.

[0158] When a player brings in the gaming substitute currency 1 that was taken out previously when entering the casino floor, the location-related information is read by the reading device 13, and the management control device determines whether there is any abnormality in the fluctuation information 4. For example, for the gaming substitute currency 1 that has once been taken out of the casino, if the owner at the time of exit from the casino is different from the owner at the time of entry, it can be grasped that there has been an act of transferring the gaming substitute currency outside the casino.

[0159] When the determination based on the reading result of the reading device 13 by the above-described management control device 15 is abnormal, the management control device 15 may output an alarm to the cage 9 or Gate 10. When the owner of the gaming substitute currency 1 exchanges money at the cage 9 or exits from Gate 10, the money exchange can be rejected or individual checks can be performed based on the alarm output by the management control device 15. Also, when the determination result is abnormal, the management control device 15 may issue a warning to interrupt the game to the dealer at each gaming table, issue a warning to the pit, and the pit manager may make a judgment such as interrupting or continuing the game, or may make a judgment on countermeasures such as exchanging the gaming substitute currency 1. Alternatively, the management control device 15 may be connected to the overall management control device 18 of the casino and may be configured to issue a warning to the overall management control device 18.

[0160] Similarly, when cashing in is performed using the cage, the management control device 15 may read the variation information 4 by the reading device 13 and determine abnormalities. Specifically, abnormalities may be determined when a certain period or more has elapsed since the date and time of the information on use at the gaming table or the information on cashing in using the cage, which was last written, or when a person different from the owner information 223 stored in the gaming substitute currency 1 attempts to cash in. When an abnormality is determined, the management control device 15 may output a warning and reject the cashing in of the gaming substitute currency 1 for which the abnormality has been determined.

[0161] Also, in the above description, the form in which writing is performed by the writing device 14 after reading by the reading device 13 and determination by the management control device has been described, but a configuration in which reading and writing are performed simultaneously may also be used.

[0162] Hereinafter, details of application examples of this example will be shown.

[0163] At the factory 6, reading and / or writing of the RFID tag 2 is performed at the time of completion of production or at the time of shipment. Production information and product information are written as fixed information 3, locked so that they cannot be rewritten as necessary, and variation information 4 is written.

[0164] In the backyard 6, when receiving the gaming substitute currency 1 shipped from the factory and activating it as a usable gaming substitute currency 1, reading and / or writing of the RFID tag 2 is performed.

[0165] At the warehouse 8, when moving the gaming substitute currency 1 from the warehouse 8 to the cage 9 or when moving the gaming substitute currency 1 from the cage 9 to the warehouse 8, reading and / or writing of the RFID tag 2 is performed. Alternatively, reading and / or writing of the RFID tag 2 may be performed on the gaming substitute currency 1 stored in the warehouse 8 at regular intervals or at a predetermined timing.

[0166] In the cage 9, when moving from or to the warehouse 8, and when exchanging the customer's cash for the gaming tokens 1, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written. When the exchange is made in the cage 9, the location indicating the exchange, the event information 222, and the player information who made the exchange are written as the owner information 223 into the variable information 4. The owner information 223 can be obtained from the player's casino ID card, face recognition system, credit card, etc.

[0167] At the gate 10, when the player enters or exits, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written. For all the gaming tokens 1 taken out of the casino when the player exits, the location indicating the taking out, the event information 222, and the owner information 223 indicating the player who takes out are written as the variable information 4 for registration. Similarly, when entering, the location indicating the bringing in, the event information 222, and the owner information 223 indicating the player who brings in are written as the variable information 4 for registration of the gaming tokens 1 brought into the casino.

[0168] In the bet area 11, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written for the gaming tokens 1 placed in the bet area 11 for the player to participate in the bet. Also, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written for the gaming tokens 1 placed in the bet area 11 by the dealer as the repayment to the player.

[0169] In the chip tray 12, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written for the gaming tokens 1 collected in the chip tray and the gaming tokens 1 stored.

[0170] The gaming table further includes a payment area including the area 2007 and the pay area 1026. The RFID tag 2 may be read and / or written for the gaming tokens 1 placed in the bet area 11 by the dealer as the repayment to the player.

[0171] The management control device 15 has a function of determining whether there is an abnormality in the location-related information 220 obtained from the reading results of the reading device 13 at each location. As the determination of whether there is an abnormality, it is possible to determine whether there is any event such as not being used for a predetermined period or more since the previous writing, or the location-related information that should have been written is not written.

[0172] The event of not being used for a predetermined period or more since the previous writing is 1) The information regarding the location is the information indicating cage 9, and the writing of the next information has passed a predetermined time or more. 2) The information regarding the location is the information indicating entry at gate 10, and the writing of the next information has passed a predetermined time or more. 3) The information regarding the location is the information indicating exit at gate 10, and the writing of the next information has passed a predetermined time or more. It is any of the above situations.

[0173] The event that the location-related information that should have been written is not written is 4) When entering the game arcade, as the information regarding the location of the latest area 22 where the data of the game substitute currency 1 can be rewritten, the information indicating exit at gate 10 is not written. 5) When using cage 9, the information indicating backyard 7 is not written. 6) When exiting the game arcade, the information indicating cage 9 or backyard 7 is not written. It is any of the above situations.

[0174] Based on the owner-related information 223 obtained from the reading device 13, as an event for determining whether there is an abnormality, the management control device 15 1) A person different from the final owner stored in the rewritable area 22 of the data exchanges, exchanges currency, or exits the game arcade with the game substitute currency 1 inside the game arcade. 2) A person different from the owner at the time of leaving, who stores in the rewritable area 22 of the data, brings the gaming substitute currency into the casino. It is possible to determine any of the following situations.

[0175] Based on the information indicating the location of the bet area 11 obtained from the reading device 13, or the location of the chip tray 12, or the information indicating the payment area, the management control device 15 determines whether it is abnormal as an event: 1) A person different from the final owner stored in the rewritable area 22 of the data uses the gaming substitute currency 1 on the gaming table. 2) A person different from the person at the time of purchase of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the cage 9 for the gaming substitute currency 1 without a usage record on the gaming table exchanges it for money in the cage 9. 3) The gaming substitute currency 1 without information indicating the cage 9 or the backyard 7 is used inside the casino. 4) The information regarding the latest location is the information indicating the bet area 11 or the payment area, and after a lapse of a predetermined period or more, it is exchanged for money in the cage 9 or used on the gaming table. Determine any of the situations 1) to 4) above.

[0176] FIG. 17 shows a database of another example of Modification 4. The management system further includes a database 17 that records the same fixed information 3 and variable information 4 in addition to the gaming substitute currency 1. The management control device 15 records information in the database 17 based on the reading result of the reading device 13, and collates the fixed information 3 and variable information 4 stored in the gaming substitute currency 1 with the information in the database to determine abnormalities.

[0177] In the RFID tag 2 in this example, the functionally non-writable area of the area 21 where data cannot be rewritten may be the TID. After writing the necessary information in the area 21 where data cannot be rewritten, the locked area where data cannot be written may be the EPC or the user area. The rewritable area 22 of the data may be the EPC or the user area.

[0178] The reading device 13 and the writing device 14 may vary in form depending on the location. For example, in the factory 6, they are on a platform as shown in FIG. 15, in the gate 10, they are box-shaped, and in the bed area 11 and the chip tray 12, the bed area 11 and the chip tray 12 themselves may have the functions of the reading device 13 and the writing device 14. Also, the gaming substitute currency 1 may be stacked as it is, or reading and writing may be performed while it is housed in a chip case or the like. Further, the reading device 13 and the writing device 14 may be integrated.

[0179] In the above modification example 4, the case where there is one RFID tag on the gaming substitute currency and the single RFID tag has an area where data cannot be written and an area where data can be rewritten was described. On the other hand, a form in which two RFID tags are placed on the gaming substitute currency, one RFID tag stores fixed information and is locked so that data cannot be written, and the other RFID tag is made capable of rewriting data in order to record variable information is also conceivable.

[0180] However, in this case, when a plurality of gaming substitute currencies are read collectively, as shown in FIG. 16A, since the information group of the fixed information 3 and the information group of the variable information 4 are read separately, the combination of the fixed information and the variable information of a specific gaming substitute currency cannot be determined, and there is a problem that a gaming substitute currency with an abnormality in the variable information cannot be specified.

[0181] On the other hand, when there is one RFID tag, as shown in FIG. 16B, since the mutual correspondence between the fixed information and the variable information read by the reading device can be grasped even when a plurality of gaming substitute currencies are read collectively, it is considered better to implement it with a single RFID tag.

[0182] In general, the larger the diameter of an RFID tag, the higher the reading accuracy. Therefore, when an RFID tag is inserted into a gaming token, it is desirable for the RFID tag to have a diameter of at least the radius of the gaming token or more. However, when two RFID tags are inserted into a gaming token, the diameter of each individual RFID tag becomes smaller, which is not preferable. Also, when two RFID tags are inserted, the number of RFID tags to be read increases, which also leads to a decrease in the reading speed when reading multiple gaming tokens.

[0183] In view of the above points, it is considered more effective to implement with a single RFID tag.

[0184] (Third example) The overall outline of a table game management system in a casino having a plurality of gaming tables in the third example of Modification 4 will be described below. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the overall outline of the system. The table game management system in a casino having a plurality of gaming tables 2004 includes a game recording device 2011 that records the games played on the gaming tables 2004 as images via a plurality of cameras 2002 including gaming tokens 1, an image analysis device 2012 that analyzes the recorded images, a chip reader 25 that reads the RFID attached to the gaming tokens 1, and a game result determination device 18 that determines and displays the game results of each game on the gaming tables 2004.

[0185] The game result determination device 18 is, for example, a card distribution device 2003, which is a so-called electronic shoe already used by those skilled in the art. The rules of the game are programmed in advance, and it has a structure that can read the information of the distributed card C and determine the win or loss of the game. For example, in the baccarat game, the win of the banker, the win of the player, and a tie (draw) are basically determined by the ranks of two or three cards, and the determination result (win / loss result) is displayed on the result display lamp 2013.

[0186] In the figure, the gaming table 2004 is a baccarat table, which is provided with five sitting numbers 13 (sitting number 1 131, sitting number 2 132, sitting number 3 133, sitting number 5 134, sitting number 6 135), and five game participants can participate in the game. A betting area 44 is provided for each sitting number 13. The betting area 44 of the sitting number 13 includes areas for PLAYER 441, BANKER 442, TIE 443, PLAYER PAIR (P) 444, and BANKER PAIR (B) 445. Each game participant places a bet by placing the gaming substitute currency 1 of the amount to be bet at the position corresponding to the object to be bet. In FIG. 18, for example, two pieces of the gaming substitute currency 1 are placed on the TIE 443 of the sitting number 5 and two pieces are placed on the PLAYER 441 for betting. The gaming table 2004 is further provided with a player card area 45 for placing the drawn player cards and a banker card area 46 for placing the drawn banker cards.

[0187] The control device 2014 can grasp, via the camera 2002 and the image analysis device 2012, at which position (player, banker, tie, pair) in the betting area 2008 each player 2006 bets the gaming substitute currency 1, the type of the gaming substitute currency 1 (the gaming substitute currency 1 has different value amounts assigned to each color), and the number of pieces. That is, for example, it can be grasped that two pieces are bet on the TIE 443 of the sitting number 5 and two pieces are bet on the PLAYER 441.

[0188] As shown in FIG. 18, the chip reader 25 is arranged such that for each sitting number, the entire bet area is regarded as one reading area, and it can collectively read the RFID of the gaming substitute currency 1 within the reading area. The RFID attached to the gaming substitute currency 1 has unique ID information, the amount, type, manufacturing information, owner information, etc. of the gaming substitute currency 1 written thereon. Alternatively, in the database, the ID information may be associated with the amount, type, manufacturing information, owner information, etc. of the gaming substitute currency 1 and stored. By reading the RFID attached to the gaming substitute currency 1, the chip reader 25 can grasp the gaming substitute currency 1 for each sitting number and can grasp the total amount or number of pieces. That is, for example, if 4 pieces of gaming substitute currency are bet in the sitting number 5, the type, amount, and ID of each can be grasped.

[0189] As shown in FIG. 19, based on the image analysis results by the image analysis device 2012, the control device 2014 grasps the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency 1 for each sitting number from the type and number of the gaming substitute currency 1 bet in each bet area of each sitting number, and compares it with the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency 1 for each sitting number based on the information of the RFID of the gaming substitute currency 1 read by the chip reader 25 to determine whether they match. Furthermore, it can output the sitting numbers for which the above determination is inconsistent and can identify the sitting numbers with problems.

[0190] Based on the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 for each sitting number according to the image analysis result by the image analysis device, if the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reading device 25 is less, it is possible that the RFID attached to the gaming substitute coin 1 is broken, is an unreadable RFID, or that the gaming substitute coin 1 is not attached with an RFID. In FIG. 19, for the gaming substitute coins 1 wagered on the sitting number 1, the total number of reads based on the image analysis by the image analysis device 2012 is 4, while the total number of reads based on the RFID reading of the chip reading device 25 is 3. Therefore, it is considered that out of the 4 gaming substitute coins 1 wagered on the sitting number 1, 1 coin had an unreadable RFID.

[0191] Based on the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 for each sitting number according to the image analysis result by the image analysis device, if the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reading device 25 is more, it is possible that due to factors such as the gaming substitute coin 1 being in the blind spot of the camera, the image analysis device 2012 was unable to read the gaming substitute coin 1. In FIG. 19, for the gaming substitute coins 1 wagered on the sitting number 3, the total number of reads based on the image analysis by the image analysis device 2012 is 1, while the total number of reads based on the RFID reading of the chip reading device 25 is 2. Therefore, although there were 2 gaming substitute coins 1 wagered on the sitting number 3, it is considered possible that the image analysis device was only able to recognize 1 coin.

[0192] The ID information of the RFID attached to the gaming substitute coin 1 is registered in the casino's database, and information on production and shipping at the factory, as well as information on receipt, validation, and activation at the casino, is recorded. The control device 2014 can compare the information of the RFID read by the chip reading device 25 with the information in the database to determine whether it is genuine or fake as something that should be used in the casino.

[0193] With this configuration, the type and number of the substitute gaming currency 1 bet on each bed area by the camera can be grasped, and based on the RFID information of the substitute gaming currency 1 read by the chip reading device 25, it is possible to determine whether the substitute gaming currency 1 is genuine or counterfeit, illegal or defective for each sitting number.

[0194] In addition, the system further includes a face recognition system or a means for identifying game participants using a player ID card, and the control device 2014 can associate the game participant information identified by the means for identifying game participants with the sitting number. The control device 2014 can store the bet amount, repayment or recovery amount, and win-loss information stored for each sitting number for each game participant. In addition, information on a plurality of games played by a game participant at a plurality of tables can be collectively stored.

[0195] The control device 2014 can determine the total amount of the substitute gaming currency 1 in the chip tray 17 of the dealer 2005 of the gaming table 2004 using the chip tray determination device 12. After the game ends and is settled, according to the amount of recovery of the losing substitute gaming currency 1 bet by each player 2006 and the payment 9W to the winning chips of the winning player 2006W, it is possible to compare and calculate whether the total amount of the substitute gaming currency 1 in the chip tray 17 has increased or decreased according to the win-loss result of the game. The chip tray determination device may grasp the total amount of the substitute gaming currency 1 in the chip tray 17 by photographing the substitute gaming currency 1 accommodated in the chip tray 17 using the camera 2002 and based on the analysis of the image analysis device, or by providing an RFID reading device in the chip tray 17, the total amount of the substitute gaming currency 1 accommodated in the chip tray 17 may be detected.

[0196] In this example, fraud or errors are detected based on the game's win / loss result, information on which type of gaming substitute currency 1 was wagered, how many were wagered, and at which position (player, banker, tie, pair) in the wagering area 2008, and the increase or decrease in the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 after the collection of losing chips and the repayment for winning gaming substitute currency 1. Therefore, even without knowing the movement of the gaming substitute currency 1 after the game, that is, whether the wagered gaming substitute currency 1 has moved to the player's side or the dealer's side, fraud or errors can be detected.

[0197] Here, for example, in the case of baccarat, the game's win / loss result can be determined according to the baccarat rules by reading the rank of the cards C dealt in that game in the card dealing device 2003. Also, the game's win / loss result can be determined by photographing the gaming table 2004 with the camera 2002, analyzing the image with the image analysis device 2012, and comparing the analysis result with the game rules by the control device 2014. In this case, the game result determination device is composed of the camera 2002, the image analysis device 2012, and the control device 2014. Information on each player of each sitting number 7, which type of gaming substitute currency 1 was wagered, how many were wagered, and at which position (player, banker, tie, player pair, banker pair) in the wagering area 2008 can be obtained by photographing the gaming substitute currency 1 placed in the wagering area 2008 with the camera 2002 and analyzing the image for each play position 7 with the image analysis device 2012.

[0198] Also, the increase or decrease in the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 before and after the collection of losing gaming substitute currency 1 and the repayment for winning gaming substitute currency 1 can be calculated by comparing the total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 before the collection of losing gaming substitute currency 1 and the repayment for winning gaming substitute currency 1 with the total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 after the collection of losing gaming substitute currency 1 and the repayment for winning gaming substitute currency 1.

[0199] For example, assume that before the start of the game, the total amount of the game substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 is Bb, and after the game ends and the collection of losing chips and the repayment for winning chips are completed, the total amount of the game substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 is Ba. Also, in this game, assume that the total amount of all play positions 7 of the game substitute currency 1 bet in the player area is bp, the total amount of all play positions 7 of the game substitute currency 1 bet in the banker area is bb, and the total amount of all play positions 7 of the game substitute currency 1 bet in the tie area is bt. For example, when the winning or losing result of this game is the banker's win, Ba - Bb = bp - bb + bt should hold. Alternatively, the total amount Ba of the game substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 after the game ends should be (Bb + bp - bb + bt). If it is not like that, it can be determined that there is fraud or a mistake in the collection or repayment of chips.

[0200] FIG. 23A is a diagram showing details of the chip tray in this example, and FIG. 23B is a diagram showing another example of the chip tray. The chip tray 17 is provided with a collection chip tray 171 for collecting and temporarily storing the game substitute currency 1L bet by the losing player 2006L and a repayment chip tray 172 for storing the game substitute currency 1W for repayment. The image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 grasp the position, type, and number of the game substitute currency 1L bet by the losing player 2006L, and calculate the increased amount of the game substitute currency 1L in the game (the amount of the game substitute currency 1 that should be in the collection chip tray 171). Further, the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 grasp the actual total amount of the game substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 171 after collection, and compare the should-be total amount with the actual total amount to determine whether there is a difference.

[0201] The control device 2014 further repays the gaming substitute currency 1 to be repaid, and when the repayment is completed, based on the position, type, and number of chips wagered by each game participant on the game table and the game result, the total amount that should be in the chip tray for the chips to be repaid in the game is calculated, and compared with the actual total amount in the said chip tray, and it can be determined whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0202] Also, for the repayment of the gaming substitute currency 1W to the winning player 2006W, by using the gaming substitute currency 1 in the repayment chip tray 172, sufficient time can be ensured to grasp the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the collection chip tray 171 after the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 have collected it.

[0203] As described above, in the third example, the control device 2014 calculates the chip balance of payments from the amount of wagered chips on the game table 2004 and the win / loss result of each game, and verifies the increase in the remaining balance of the chips in the chip tray 17 after the game. If a difference is detected in this verification, the control device 2014 issues an alarm or adds a record to that effect in the recording of the video captured by the camera 2002. The casino operator can investigate the cause of the difference by checking the video.

[0204] The table game management system of the third example adds and subtracts the increase or decrease amount of chips in the game calculated from the total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 before the settlement of each game, the position, type, and number of the gaming substitute currency 1 wagered by all players 2006 in the game, and the win / loss result of the game obtained by the win / loss result determination device, and compares the total amount that should be of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 after the settlement at the end of the game with the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 at the end of the game obtained through the image analysis device 2012, and determines whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0205] The control device 2014 grasps the position, type, and number of chips wagered by each player via the image analysis device 2012. When all the losing chips wagered by each player have been collected, it grasps the actual total amount of chips in the chip tray. From the total amount of chips in the chip tray before the settlement of each game, it adds the increase in the chip tray 17 in the game based on the position, type, and number of chips wagered by the losing player, and then compares the supposed total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 with the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 to determine whether there is a difference between the supposed total amount and the actual total amount.

[0206] The control device 2014 compares the supposed total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 with the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17. The supposed total amount is obtained by adding the increase in the chip tray 17 in the game based on the position, type, and number of the gaming substitute currency 1 wagered by the losing player to the total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 before the settlement of each game. If it is determined that there is no difference between the supposed total amount and the actual total amount, and if it is determined that there is a difference between the supposed total amount in the chip tray 17 after the settlement at the end of the game and the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency of the chip tray 17 at the end of the game obtained via the image analysis device 2012, it is determined that there is an error in the payment, and a payment error signal for notifying the payment error is generated.

[0207] The chip tray 17 is provided with a recovery chip tray 171 for collecting and temporarily storing the gaming substitute currency 1 wagered by the losing player. The image analysis device 2012 compares the supposed total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the recovery chip tray 171, which is calculated by adding the increase in the gaming substitute currency 1 in the game based on the position, type, and number of the gaming substitute currency 1L wagered by the losing player, with the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the recovery chip tray 171 to determine whether there is a difference between the supposed total amount and the actual total amount.

[0208] When the control device 2014 determines that the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 1 grasped in the chip tray 17 of the dealer 2005 on the gaming table 2004 does not correspond to the increase or decrease amount of the chips calculated from the chip amounts wagered by all players and the win / loss result of the game, the game recording device 2011 makes the recording of the game in which the above difference occurred analyzable. To this end, the game recording device 2011 assigns an index or time to the acquired video, or identifies and can reproduce the collection scene or payment scene of the gaming tokens 1.

[0209] In this way, the control device 2014 obtains the total amount of chips in the chip tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game via the image analysis device 2012. In this case, the post-settlement judgment is assumed to occur when any of the following 1) to 4) occurs. 1) When the repayment for the winning gaming tokens 1 is completed, 2) When the card C used in the game is collected and discarded in the discard area 41 or discard slot 42 of the table, 3) When a predetermined button attached to the win / loss result determination device is pressed, 4) When the marker 43 indicating win / loss is reset.

[0210] In addition, the control device 2014 grasps the position (the position wagered on the player, banker, or pair) and amount (type and number of chips) of the chips wagered at each play position 7 on the gaming table 2004, and compares the win / loss history of each player 200 from the win / loss result of each game and the amount of chips obtained (winning amount) with the statistical data of a large number (big data) of past games. It has an artificial intelligence utilization type or deep learning structure that can extract it as a special situation (set by the casino). Typically, the occurrence of a winning amount of a certain amount (one million dollars) or more, or at a play position 7 on a certain gaming table 2004, where the amount of wagered chips when losing is small and the amount of wagered chips when winning is large continues for several games, and this can be extracted as a special situation compared to the statistical data (big data, etc.) of past games. It is equipped with a control device 2014 having an artificial intelligence utilization type or deep learning structure.

[0211] Furthermore, the control device 2014 of the management system of this table game is (integrated with the image analysis device 2012) structured such that it can identify an individual player 2006 in a specific situation extracted or at a play position 7 where a win of a predetermined amount or more has been achieved. Such identification of the player 2006 is done in the image analysis device 2012 by obtaining a face image through feature point extraction or the like, and attaching and identifying an identity number (ID, etc.). Then, when the identified player 2006 leaves and arrives at another gaming table, the control device 2014 has a warning function to notify the presence of the specific player at the other gaming table. Specifically, it notifies the pit manager who manages each gaming table 2004 and each table responsible person (which may be a dealer), to prevent further specific phenomena.

[0212] Based on the RFID ID information of the recovered gaming substitute currency 1 determined by the chip tray determination device and the RFID ID information of the gaming substitute currency 1 read by the chip reader 25, the control device 2014 can identify the recovered gaming substitute currency 1 for each sitting number.

[0213] In FIG. 20, gaming substitute currency 1 is being wagered as shown in the detailed tables of FIGS. 21 and 22. From the analysis by the image analysis device 2012, the location (player, banker, etc.) and the number of pieces (and amount) where the gaming substitute currency 1 is being wagered can be grasped. On the other hand, from the reading by the chip reader 25, the RFID ID attached to the gaming substitute currency 1 for each sitting number can be grasped. Furthermore, since the chip tray determination device 25 can determine the ID of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 9, by grasping the ID that has increased before and after recovery, the recovered gaming substitute currency 1 can be grasped. In FIGS. 20 to 22, when the game result is a win for the banker, it can be seen from the analysis result of the image analysis device 2012 that 2 pieces wagered on the banker pair should be recovered, and among the IDs of the recovered chips determined by the chip tray determination device, it can be seen that 2 pieces with IDs 6 and 18, which the chip reader 25 read as being wagered at sitting number 5, have been recovered.

[0214] The control device 2014 further determines, based on the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of the game substitute currency 1 based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, the total amount or total number of the game substitute currency 1 to be recovered for each sitting number. Therefore, the control device 2014 can compare the total amount or total number of the game substitute currency 1 recovered for each sitting number determined based on RFID with the total amount or total number of the game substitute currency 1 to be recovered based on the image analysis result, and determine whether they match.

[0215] For example, when the reading result by the chip reader 25 for sitting number 1 is "A, B, C, D, E", the analysis result by the image analysis device 2012 is "2 for Tie and 2 for Banker", the game result is "Banker wins", and the reading result by the chip tray determination device 18 is "A, B", it can be seen that the chips A and B bet on Tie are correctly recovered.

[0216] The control device 2014 can further determine whether the RFID ID information of the recovered game substitute currency 1 determined by the chip tray determination device matches the RFID ID information of the bet game substitute currency 1 read by the chip reader 25. By this determination, it can be determined whether the game substitute currency 1 recovered in the chip tray is the game substitute currency 1 bet on the game table and whether it is not the game substitute currency 1 recovered illegally from other places.

[0217] The control device 2014 can further determine the types of chips such as cash chips, rolling chips, and promotion chips based on the RFID information read by the chip reader 25, and can store the bet amount and the recovered or repaid amount for each determined chip type.

[0218] A rolling chip is a special chip that can be purchased by specific members and cannot be exchanged for cash. The amount of money spent on purchasing rolling chips is managed for each member. It must be used for betting and consumed, and the repayment for bets placed using rolling chips is made with cash chips. By storing the amount of rolling chips bet or collected based on the RFID information read by the chip reader 25, it is possible to determine the amount of rolling chips that a specific member should have.

[0219] The chip reader 25 further has the function of a confirmation area and can read the gaming substitute currency 1 placed for repayment. As shown in FIG. 24, when repaying the banker of the sitting number 2, the gaming substitute currency 1 for repayment is placed in the chip reader 25 and read. In FIG. 24, it is placed beside the winning gaming substitute currency 1 wagered on the banker of the sitting number 2. The control device 2014 determines using the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of the gaming substitute currency 1 based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, and compares it with the amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 placed for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reader 25, determines whether the repayment amounts match or not, and can output. In FIG. 25, the total number of the gaming substitute currency 1 to be paid for the sitting number 1 is 4, while the reading result of the chip reader 25 is 3, so they do not match. When the repayment amounts do not match, a non-matching signal is output, and the dealer can re-place the gaming substitute currency 1 for repayment based on the output signal. When the gaming substitute currency 1 is re-placed, the determination can be made again and the determination result can be output. The area for placing the gaming substitute currency 1 for repayment can be anywhere within the chip reader 25. Also, as shown in FIG. 24, separately from the bet area, a payment confirmation area 26 may be arranged on the dealer side of the bet area. In FIG. 24, the gaming substitute currency 1 for repayment is placed in the payment confirmation area 26 of the sitting number 6, the chip reader 25 reads it, the control device 2014 makes a determination, and a repayment chip is placed beside the winning gaming substitute currency 1 placed on the banker.

[0220] Also, image analysis of the confirmation area may be performed by the image analysis device 2012, and the control device 2014 may collate it with the reading result of the chip reader 25 and determine whether the total number matches.

[0221] Based on the determination made, the control device 2014 can output a signal. The signal may be output to be displayed on the display unit of the chip tray 9 or the display unit of the card dispensing device 13, or the signal may be output to the pit manager or the casino backyard.

[0222] As shown in FIG. 26, the chip reading device 25 may use the entire bet area as one reading area for each sitting number, or as shown in FIG. 27, for each sitting number, the player bet area and the banker bet area may be used as one reading area, the tie bet area, the player pair bet area, and the banker pair bet area may be used as one reading area. Also, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 31, each of the side bet areas of the tie bet area, the player pair bet area, and the banker pair bet area may be used as one reading area.

[0223] Hereinafter, the gaming substitute currency 1 used in this example will be described. FIG. 29 is an external view of the gaming substitute currency 1 used in this system, and FIG. 30 is a front cross-sectional view. A plurality of plastic layers of different colors are laminated, with at least a colored layer 101 in the middle, and white layers 102 or light-colored layers (not shown, but any layer lighter in color than the colored layer 101) are laminated on both sides of this middle colored layer 101, forming a multi-layer structure. By having such a colored layer 101 and laminating white layers 102 or light-colored layers (not shown, but any layer lighter in color than the colored layer 101) on both sides of this middle colored layer 101, a stripe pattern in the lamination direction is formed on the side as shown in FIG. 29, and by changing the color of the colored layer 101 (such as red, green, yellow, or blue), the types of the gaming substitute currency 1 (10 points, 20 points, 100 points, 1000 points, etc.) can be specified.

[0224] As shown in FIG. 30, the coloring layer 101 may be formed by a plurality of colored layers (three layers in FIG. 30). Since the plurality of colored layers (three layers in FIG. 30) are thermocompression bonded to each other, the three-layer structure is not visible as shown in FIG. 30, and FIG. 30 represents three layers for explanatory purposes. Further, a partial cutout B is provided in the middle layer of the three layers of the coloring layer 101, and an RFID is built therein.

[0225] Further, the gaming substitute currency 1 is not limited to a structure in which plastics are laminated, and may have an appearance similar to that of the coloring layer 101.

[0226] The method by which the image analysis device 2012 analyzes the gaming substitute currency 1 is shown in detail below. The image analysis device 2012 performs image analysis on the image recorded in the recording device 11, and recognizes at least two colors of a reference color R different from the specific color 121 that is at least partially applied to the gaming substitute currency 1 and present in the image. Note that the specific color 121 is at least partially applied at a predetermined position or in a predetermined shape of the gaming substitute currency 1. For example, it may be applied as the coloring layer 101, applied circumferentially on the side surface of the gaming substitute currency 1, or applied as a predetermined mark on the surface of the gaming substitute currency 1. Further, the reference color R may be, for example, the color of a specific area of the gaming table 2004, or a color applied at a location different from the specific color 121 in the gaming substitute currency 1.

[0227] The image analysis device 2012 includes, for example, an artificial intelligence device 12a that identifies a specific color by deep learning technology or the like, and determines the number and types of the gaming substitute currency 1 arranged on the gaming table 2004. The recognition device 12 may further determine the position of the gaming substitute currency 1 on the gaming table 2004.

[0228] The image analysis device 2012 acquires a plurality of images of the gaming substitute currency 1 and the reference color R irradiated with different illuminances, and learns by a person teaching the acquired images and the correct colors of the specific color 121 of the gaming substitute currency 1 and the reference color R in each image as teaching data, and creates a learning model 13a (recognition program). Note that for the images of the gaming substitute currency 1 and the reference color R irradiated with the same illuminance condition, since the specific color 121 and the reference color R are irradiated with the same illuminance, the relative relationship between the specific color 121 and the reference color R can be obtained. For example, this relative relationship may be used for the recognition of the specific color 121.

[0229] Also, the chip recognition device 12 may extract the center line C of the gaming substitute currency 1 by a method of measuring features on the image such as shape, brightness, saturation, and hue, using the result of image analysis of the image photographed by the camera 200212 without using artificial intelligence.

[0230] The artificial intelligence device 12a further includes a configuration for recognizing at least two colors of the specific color 121 and the reference color R different from the specific color 121 in the peripheral image by analyzing the peripheral image (for example, a range of 8 pixels orthogonal to the center line centered on the center line) of a predetermined range around the extracted center line C. When analyzing the peripheral image of a predetermined range around the extracted center line C, the image may be analyzed as it is, or may be analyzed after performing image processing such as color enhancement and noise removal so that the recognition of the specific color 121 becomes easy.

[0231] In summary, the artificial intelligence device 12a of the recognition device 12 has a configuration for extracting the center line C from the image of the gaming substitute currency 1 and recognizing at least two colors of the specific color 121 and the reference color R different from the specific color 121 in the peripheral image by analyzing the peripheral image of a predetermined range centered on the center line C, and is an artificial intelligence device taught with a plurality of the peripheral images of the gaming substitute currency 1 and the reference color R irradiated with different illuminances as teaching data.

[0232] In another example, the control device 2014 further 1) In each game, whether there is any movement of chips from the start of card drawing or from the game start operation by the dealer until before the game win / loss result is displayed by the card distribution device. 2) After the end of each game, whether there is any movement of chips by anyone other than the dealer while the dealer is collecting the chips wagered by the losing players among the game participants. 3) After the end of each game, whether any chips are added while the dealer is collecting the chips wagered by the losing players among the game participants. 4) After the end of each game, whether payment is made to the position of the chips wagered by the winning players among the game participants. 5) After the end of each game, whether the winning players among the game participants have taken the wagered chips and the paid chips. It is provided with a function for determining at least one of the above.

[0233] Furthermore, the control device 2014 may be configured to determine at least one of the above 1) to 5) by detecting the hand movements of the dealer and game participants, chip movements, or the hand movements and chip movements using the analysis results of the image analysis device.

[0234] As a characteristic function of the present invention, the control device 2014 has the functions shown in the following 1) to 5) according to the rules of the baccarat game and determines whether any irregularities contrary to the rules are being committed. That is, 1) In each game, from the signal indicating the start of card drawing obtained from the card distribution device 2003 or from the game start operation when the dealer 2005 presses the start button 4s, the image analysis device 2012 monitors whether there is any movement of the gaming substitute currency 1 using the information obtained by the camera 2002 until before the game win / loss result is displayed by the card distribution device 2003. 2) After each game, while the dealer 2005 is collecting the gaming tokens 1 wagered by the losers among the game participants 2006, it is monitored by the information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002 whether the loser 6 is illegally taking the gaming tokens 1. 3) After each game, while the dealer 2005 is collecting the gaming tokens 1 wagered by the losers among the game participants, it is monitored by the information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002 whether a person other than the dealer 2005 (winner or loser) adds the winning gaming tokens 1W or newly rearranges the gaming tokens 1 to the winning side that has not wagered. 4) After each game, it is monitored by the information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002 whether the correct winning gaming tokens 1W are placed at the position of the gaming tokens 1 wagered by the winner among the game participants 2006. 5) After each game (the dealer 2005 operates the card distribution device 2003 to display the win / loss result on the display lamp 13), it is monitored by the information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002 whether the winner 6W among the game participants 2006 takes the wagered gaming tokens 1 and the paid winning gaming tokens 1W.

[0235] In the above example, the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 are devices having an artificial intelligence utilization type or a deep learning structure. Specifically, the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 may perform image analysis and various types of control described above using, for example, the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm, the Convolutional Neutral Network (CNN), deep learning, machine learning, or the like. These technologies are technologies for performing image recognition on a captured image to recognize an object included in the image. In particular, in recent years, object recognition with high accuracy has been performed using deep learning technology in which neural networks are multi-layered. This deep learning technology generally recognizes an object with high accuracy by stacking layers in multiple stages in an intermediate layer between the input layer and the output layer of the neural network. In this deep learning technology, in particular, the convolutional neural network has attracted attention for having higher performance than recognizing an object based on conventional image feature amounts.

[0236] In a convolutional neural network, a recognition target image with a label is learned to recognize a main object included in the recognition target image. When there are a plurality of main objects in the learning image, they are specified by a region rectangle, and learning is performed by attaching a label to the image corresponding to the specified region. Further, in a convolutional neural network, it is also possible to determine a main object in the image and the position of the object.

[0237] To further explain the convolutional neural network, in the recognition process of the object, candidate regions are extracted based on local features by performing edge extraction processing or the like on the recognition target image, and after extracting the feature vectors by inputting the candidate regions into the convolutional neural network, classification is performed, and the candidate region with the highest confidence level after classification is obtained as the recognition result. The confidence level is a quantity indicating to what extent the similarity of the main body of the image learned together with a certain image region and a label is relatively higher than the similarity of other classes.

[0238] As described above, various examples have been explained. However, the above-described embodiments can of course be modified by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention, and the device of the present embodiment may be appropriately modified according to the needs in the applicable game. (Appendix)

[0239] In order to solve the above conventional problems, the gaming substitute currency management system of the present invention A single RFID tag having a region where data cannot be rewritten and a region where data can be rewritten is attached to the gaming substitute currency. The region where data of the RFID tag cannot be rewritten stores, as fixed information, at least one of production information, product information, casino information, amount information, and serial number of the gaming substitute currency. The region where data can be rewritten stores, as variable information, information regarding the location of the gaming substitute currency. The variable information stored in the region where data can be rewritten in the same RFID tag can be extracted from the fixed information stored in the region where data cannot be rewritten. The system A writing device that writes information regarding the location of the gaming substitute currency to the region where data can be rewritten. A reading device that collectively reads the fixed information stored in an area where the data of the plurality of substitute game tokens cannot be rewritten, and based on the read fixed information, reads the information regarding the location stored in an area where the data corresponding to each fixed information can be rewritten; A management control device that examines the information regarding the location obtained from the reading device, and further includes: The area where the data can be rewritten stores a plurality of pieces of information regarding locations, including at least the latest information regarding the location among all the information regarding locations written by the writing device. The management control device has a function of determining whether there is an abnormality in the history of the information regarding the location obtained from the reading device. If there is an abnormality, an error signal is generated, and the configuration is such that the fixed information of the substitute game token determined to be abnormal can be specified.

[0240] Furthermore, the area where the data can be rewritten is configured to store information regarding the time when the writing device wrote to the substitute game token, together with the information regarding the location. The management control device determines, as the determination of whether there is the abnormality, whether there is any event that the substitute game token has not been used for a predetermined period or more since the previous writing, or the information regarding the location that should have been written has not been written, from the information regarding the location obtained from the reading device.

[0241] Furthermore, the management control device, the information regarding the location includes at least one of information indicating a cage, information indicating entry or exit, or information indicating a backyard. The event that the substitute game token has not been used for a predetermined period or more since the previous writing is as follows: 1) The information regarding the latest location indicates a cage, and the writing of the next information has passed a predetermined time or more. 2) The information regarding the latest location indicates entry, and the writing of the next information has passed a predetermined time or more. 3) The information regarding the latest location indicates exit, and the writing of the next information has passed a predetermined time or more. in any of the following situations, the event that the information regarding the location to be written has not been written is 4) when entering the game arcade, information indicating exit is not written as the information regarding the latest location of the area where the data of the game substitute currency can be rewritten, 5) when used in the cage, information indicating the backyard is not written, 6) when exiting the game arcade, information indicating the cage or the backyard is not written, and may be in any of the following situations.

[0242] Furthermore, the information regarding the location may include information regarding the owner who owns the game substitute currency.

[0243] Furthermore, as an event for the management control device to determine whether it is the abnormality based on the information regarding the owner obtained from the reading device, 1) a person different from the last owner stored in the area where the data can be rewritten exchanges, or exchanges money, or exits the game arcade with the game substitute currency, 2) a person different from the owner at the time of exit stored in the area where the data can be rewritten brings the game substitute currency into the game arcade, and may be equipped with a function to determine any of the above situations 1) or 2).

[0244] Also, furthermore, the information regarding the owner who owns the game substitute currency may be specified by face authentication or reading an ID card.

[0245] Also, the information regarding the location may further include information indicating the location of the chip tray of the specific game table, or information indicating the bet area, or information indicating the payment area.

[0246] Furthermore, based on the information indicating the location of the chip tray of the game table obtained from the reading device, or the information indicating the location of the bet area, or the information indicating the payment area, the management control device determines whether the above abnormality has occurred as follows: 1) A person different from the final owner stored in the rewritable area of the data uses the game substitute currency on the game table. 2) A person different from the person who purchased the game substitute currency at the cage of the game substitute currency cashes in the game substitute currency that has no usage record on the game table. 3) Game substitute currency without information indicating the cage or the backyard is used in the game hall. 4) The information regarding the latest location is the information indicating the bet area or the payment area, and after a predetermined period has elapsed, it is cashed in at the cage or used on the game table. It may be provided with a function for determining any one of the situations from 1) to 4) above.

[0247] Furthermore, the information possessed by the RFID tag may be encrypted.

[0248] Furthermore, the area where the data cannot be rewritten may be configured such that data cannot be written functionally, or may be locked so that data cannot be written.

[0249] Furthermore, the reading device is configured to read collectively the fixed information stored in the area where the data cannot be rewritten and the information regarding the location stored in the area where the data can be rewritten. The management control device may be configured to extract and grasp the information regarding the location stored in the rewritable area of the data in the same RFID tag from the plurality of fixed information of the plurality of game substitute currencies read by the reading device.

[0250] In order to solve the above conventional problems, the game substitute currency of the present invention includes a single RFID tag having an area where data cannot be rewritten and an area where data can be rewritten. The area where the data cannot be rewritten stores, as fixed information, at least one of the production information, product information, casino information, amount information, and serial number of the gaming substitute currency. The area where the data can be rewritten is configured to store, as variable information, information regarding the location of the gaming substitute currency written by a writing device. It is configured such that the variable information stored in the area where the data cannot be rewritten in the same RFID tag can be extracted from the fixed information stored in the area where the data cannot be rewritten.

[0251] Furthermore, the gaming substitute currency may be configured to collectively read the fixed information stored in the area where the data of a plurality of the gaming substitute currencies cannot be rewritten by a reading device, and based on the read fixed information, be able to read the information regarding the location stored in the area where the data can be rewritten.

[0252] To solve the above conventional problems, the table game management system of the present invention includes gaming substitute currencies with individually identifiable RFID tags, a gaming table for playing a game using the gaming substitute currencies, a game recording device that records, as images via a camera, the gaming substitute currencies wagered by each game participant in the game played on the gaming table, an image analysis device that analyzes the images of the recorded gaming substitute currencies, a chip reading device that reads the RFID attached to the gaming substitute currencies wagered by each game participant, and a control device that grasps the image analysis result of the image analysis device and the reading result of the chip reading device. The gaming table includes a plurality of bet areas including at least a player bet area and a banker bet area for each sitting number. The chip reading device reads the gaming substitute currency with the entire bet area as one reading area for each sitting number, or divides the whole into a plurality of reading areas fewer than the number of the bet areas, reads the gaming substitute currency for each reading area, and the control device grasps the type and number of the wagered gaming substitute currency independently for each bet area including at least the player's bet area and the banker's bet area based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, and determines whether the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number or each reading area based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device matches the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number or each reading area based on the reading result of the chip reading device, and is configured to output the determination result.

[0253] Further, the control device may be configured to output the sitting number with a discrepant determination result.

[0254] Further, when the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reading device is less than the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, the control device may be configured to generate a signal indicating that the RFID attached to the gaming substitute currency is broken or there may be no RFID attached to the gaming substitute currency.

[0255] Further, when the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reading device is more than the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, the control device may be configured to generate a signal indicating the possibility of a reading error of the gaming substitute currency by the image analysis device.

[0256] It further includes a database that stores the ID of the RFID attached to the gaming substitute currency. The control device may be configured to compare the ID of the RFID based on the reading result of the chip reader with the ID stored in the database, determine the authenticity of the gaming substitute currency, and output the determination result.

[0257] Furthermore, it further includes a chip tray that holds the gaming substitute currency used by the dealer on the gaming table, a chip tray determination device capable of grasping the types and quantities of the gaming substitute currency stored in the chip tray, and a game result determination device that determines the game results of each game on the gaming table. The control device has a calculation function for performing the casino-side revenue and expenditure calculation on the gaming table for each recovery and repayment of each game, using the game results obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and quantity of the gaming substitute currency based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device. When the collection of the losing chips bet by each game participant is completed, compare the amount of chips to be collected in the game calculated from the position, type, and quantity of the chips bet by each game participant on the gaming table and the game result with the actual collection amount in the chip tray, and determine whether there is an irregularity or mistake in the collection of the gaming substitute currency by determining whether there is a difference between the amount to be collected and the actual collection amount. It may be provided with a repayment determination function for repaying the chips to be repaid and, when the repayment is completed, comparing the total amount that the chip tray should have based on the amount of chips to be repaid in the game calculated from the position, type, and quantity of the chips bet by each game participant on the gaming table and the game result with the actual total amount in the chip tray, and determining that there is an irregularity or mistake in the repayment if it is determined that there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0258] Further, the control device identifies the collected gaming substitute currency for each sitting number based on the RFID ID information of the collected gaming substitute currency determined by the chip tray determination device and the RFID ID information of the gaming substitute currency read by the chip reading device, and compares the ID or amount or number of the identified gaming substitute currency with the ID or amount or number of the gaming substitute currency to be collected for each sitting number determined using the game result and the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of the gaming substitute currency based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, and may be configured to determine whether they match for each sitting number.

[0259] Further, in each game, the control device determines the type classified by the use purpose or use objective of the gaming substitute currency based on the RFID ID information of the gaming substitute currency read by the chip reading device, and may be configured to store the amount wagered or the amount recovered or repaid for each type of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number.

[0260] Further, in a plurality of games, the control device may be configured to store the cumulative amount wagered or the cumulative amount recovered or repaid for each type of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number.

[0261] The type of the gaming substitute currency may be at least a cash chip or a rolling chip or a promotion chip.

[0262] Further, the control device identifies the owner based on the ID information of the rolling chip, and may be configured to store the cumulative amount wagered or the cumulative amount recovered or repaid for each owner of the rolling chip.

[0263] Further, the chip reading device reads the gaming substitute currency for repayment placed on the chip reading device for each sitting number, The control device may be configured to compare the repayment amount determined using the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of substitute game tokens based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device with the amount of the substitute game tokens placed for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reading device, and determine whether they match or not, and be capable of outputting the result.

[0264] Further, when the determination result of the repayment amount does not match, the control device may display a non - match indication. Additionally, when there is a change in the amount of the substitute game tokens placed in the chip reading device for each sitting number read by the chip reading device, the control device may perform a re - determination and be capable of re - outputting whether they match or not.

[0265] Also, the control device may be configured to compare the amount of the substitute game tokens for repayment placed for each sitting number with the increase or decrease amount of the chip tray before and after repayment, and determine whether there is a difference.

[0266] Further, the chip reading device may be provided with a payment confirmation area arranged on the dealer side of the bet area where the substitute game tokens for repayment are placed.

[0267] Furthermore, it may further include a face recognition system or a game participant identification means using a player ID card. The control device may be configured to be able to associate the sitting number with the information of the game participant identified by the game participant identification means.

[0268] Also, it may further include a display device that performs a display based on the output of the control device.

[0269] Furthermore, the game table may further include a side bet bet area. The side bet bet area is provided adjacent to the bet area for each sitting number. The chip reading device can read at least one of the side bet areas together. The control device grasps the type and number of the game tokens wagered in at least one of the side bet areas based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, and determines whether the total amount or total number of the game tokens in at least one side bet area based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device matches the total amount or total number of the game tokens in the corresponding side bet area based on the reading result of the chip reading device, and may be configured to output a signal of the determination result.

[0270] Another aspect of the present invention is a management system for a table game, game tokens with individually identifiable RFID attached, a game table for playing a game using the game tokens, a game recording device that records, as an image via a camera, the game tokens wagered by each game participant in the game played on the game table, an image analysis device that analyzes the image of the recorded game tokens, a chip reading device that reads the RFID attached to the game tokens wagered by each game participant, and a control device that grasps the image analysis result of the image analysis device and the reading result of the chip reading device. The game table includes a bet area composed of a player bet area, a banker bet area, and a side bet area. In the side bet area, the bet areas for each sitting number are provided adjacent to each other. The chip reading device can read at least one of the side bet areas together. Based on the image analysis result by the said image analysis device, the said control device independently ascertains the type and number of the substitute game tokens wagered on the at least one side bet area for the side bet, and determines whether the total amount or total number of the substitute game tokens in the at least one side bet area for the side bet based on the image analysis result by the said image analysis device matches the total amount or total number of the substitute game tokens in the relevant side bet based on the reading result by the said chip reading device, and is configured to be able to output a signal of the determination result.

[0271] Also, the said control device may be configured to be able to output the side bet with a non-matching determination result.

[0272] Further, when the total amount or total number of the substitute game tokens in each side bet based on the reading result by the said chip reading device is less than the total amount or total number of the substitute game tokens in each side bet based on the image analysis result by the said image analysis device, the said control device may be configured to be able to generate a signal indicating that the RFID attached to the substitute game token is broken or there may be a possibility that the substitute game token is not attached with an RFID.

[0273] Further, when the total amount or total number of the substitute game tokens in each side bet based on the reading result by the said chip reading device is more than the total amount or total number of the substitute game tokens in each side bet based on the image analysis result by the said image analysis device, the said control device may be configured to be able to generate a signal indicating the possibility of a reading error of the substitute game tokens by the said image analysis device.

[0274] Furthermore, it further includes a database storing the ID of the RFID attached to the substitute game token. The said control device may be configured to collate the ID of the RFID based on the reading result by the said chip reading device with the ID stored in the said database and determine the authenticity of the relevant substitute game token.

[0275] Further, the control device identifies the game substitute currency collected for each side bet based on the RFID ID information of the collected game substitute currency determined by the chip tray determination device and the RFID ID information of the game substitute currency read by the chip reading device, and determines the ID or amount or number of pieces of the game substitute currency to be collected for each side bet using the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of pieces of the game substitute currency based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device. It may be configured to compare the ID or amount or number of pieces of the game substitute currency collected for each side bet with the ID or amount or number of pieces of the game substitute currency collected for each side bet, and determine whether the collected amounts match or not for each side bet.

[0276] When there is one chip or chip stack to be paid in one chip reading device 25, even if it is not detected that the chip moves outside the area of the chip reading device 25, the bet chip and the payment chip can be paired to link the owner information. That is, when there is one bet chip of one game currency 1001 or a stack consisting of several game currencies 1001 in one chip reading device 25, even if it is not detected that the chip moves outside the area of the chip reading device 25, based on the information that the payment chip has disappeared from the chip tray or the information that the payment chip has been read by the chip reading device 25 on the table, the bet chip and the payment chip can be paired to link the owner information. Of course, the bet chip can be recognized based on the information that the chip has moved outside the area of the chip reading device 25, and some of the information of the chip taken out from the chip tray, the chip placed in the bet area, and the chip that has moved outside the area of the chip reading device 25 can be used to pair the payment chip and the bet chip, and the information regarding the owner of the payment chip can be linked based on the owner information of the bet chip. Also, it may be configured to read the ID of the chip by RFID and recognize the type and number of chips, including the identification of the stack, by a camera.

[0277] When there is one chip or chip stack to be paid within a single chip reader 25, it includes the case where there is one chip or chip stack in the area at the time of betting, or there were multiple stacks at the time of betting, but the stack became the last one during the payment process. It may be configured to pair only the stack of the last bet chip with the payment chip and link the owner information. In that case, by making the stack left as the last one the chip bet by the member, the trace of the member's chip can be surely conducted. It is desirable that for each chip reader (for example, for each player position), one member bets and multiple non-members can bet. Since the chip and the owner are linked when the member bets one per player position, the information of the member assigned to each player position can be grasped from the information of the bet chip. Also, when there is a rule that members bet chips earlier than non-members, within the player position, the first bet chip can be linked to the member information assigned to the player position (for example, sitting at player position 1), or it can be confirmed that they are linked. To assign a member to a player position, a member card may be used.

[0278] The chip reader 25 may be provided for each area such as player, banker, tie, pair, etc., or for each player position, or for example, the whole table may be divided into multiple parts like player positions 1 - 3 and player positions 4 - 6, or there may be one large reader 25 for the whole table. In any case, from the information such as the movement of the chip outside the area of the chip reader 25 (the chip cannot be read by the chip reader 25), the ID of the payment chip that disappeared from the chip tray, and the ID information of the payment chip placed in the bet area, the bet chip and the payment chip can be paired and the owner information etc. can be updated.

Explanation of Signs

[0279] 31 Warehouse 32 Procedure Room 33 Cashier 34 Bank 35 Pit 36 Table 72 Gaming Chip 73 Data File 74 Player 75 Dealer 100 RFID Tag Manufacturing Factory 200 Chip Manufacturing Factory 211 TID Area 212 EPC Area 300 Casino 301 Backyard 302 Floor 320 Procedure Room System 321 Antenna 322 Activation Reader-Writer 323 Central Verification Device 324 Input Device 325 Registration Device 326 Database 327 Barcode Reader 328 Operating Device 330 Cashier System 340 Bank System 350 Pit System 360 Table System 720 Chip Case 722 Barcode 721 RFID Tag 3291 Camera 3292 Image Recognition Device

Claims

1. A casino system in a casino that uses casino supplies with RFID tags storing identification information, a determination device that determines whether any of the identification information prepared by the manufacturer in the identification information of a plurality of casino supplies delivered from the manufacturer to the casino has been read from the RFID tag attached to the casino supplies; installed in the casino, based on the determination by the determination device that a part of the identification information in the identification information prepared by the manufacturer has been read from the RFID tag of the casino supplies, which are casino supplies used in the casino, a registration device that updates the database to make the status of the usability / usability of the activation information regarding the casino supplies available; installed at a casino supply handling location in the casino, reads the identification information from the RFID tag of the casino supplies, and based on the identification information read from the RFID tag by a collation device, collates whether the status of the usability / usability of the activation information regarding the casino supplies is available in the database; A casino system comprising:

2. The registration device registers the casino supplies in the database based on the determination by the determination device that the identification information has been read from the RFID tag and that the identification information read from the RFID tag matches the identification information delivered from the manufacturer. The casino system according to claim 1.

3. The database stores the identification information determined by the collation device to match the identification information read from the RFID tag by the collation device. The casino system according to claim 2.

4. The collation device collates whether the identification information read by the collation device from the RFID tag is stored in the database. The casino system according to claim 3.

5. The determination device makes the determination when registering with the registration device. The casino system according to claim 2.

6. The determination device is installed in the manufacturing factory of the plurality of casino supplies and makes a determination regarding the plurality of casino supplies manufactured and shipped from the manufacturing factory. The casino system according to claim 2.

7. The registration device updates the database so that the usable / unusable status of the activation information regarding at least one of the plurality of casino supplies is made unusable under a predetermined condition, for the casino system according to claim 2.

8. The registration device updates the database so as to delete the casino supplies that satisfy a predetermined condition from the database, for the casino system according to claim 2.

9. The casino supply carries information for identifying the casino supply by a method other than the RFID tag. When the registration device cannot read the identification information from the RFID tag but the information carried by the casino supply can be identified, the registration device updates the database so that the usable / unusable status of the activation information regarding the casino supply is made unusable, or deletes the casino supply from the database, for the casino system according to claim 2.

10. The identification information stored by the RFID tag includes tag identification information assigned by the manufacturer of the RFID tag and supply identification information assigned by the manufacturer of the casino supply, for the casino system according to claim 2.

11. The identification information provided by the manufacturers of the plurality of casino supplies is encrypted. The registration device has a function of decrypting the encrypted identification information, for the casino system according to claim 2.

12. The registration device registers some of the plurality of casino supplies at the same time, and the some casino supplies include the casino supply, for the casino system according to claim 2.

13. The RFID tag stores manufacturing information indicating the manufacturing status of the casino supply, type information indicating the type of the casino supply, and / or casino information regarding the casino where the casino supply is used. The registration device is provided with the manufacturing information, the type information, and / or the casino information corresponding to the identification information by the manufacturer together with the identification information, for the casino system according to claim 1.

14. The RFID tag stores type information indicating the type of the casino supply. The type of the casino supply to be determined is designated to the determination device by the operator of the registration device. The casino system according to claim 1, wherein the determination device determines whether or not the type information read from the RFID tag matches the type information designated by the operator.

15. The casino system further includes an identification device that captures an image of the casino item and discriminates type information of the casino item from the image. The determination device is provided with the type information together with the identification information from the manufacturer, and the type information discriminated by the identification device. The casino system according to claim 1, wherein the determination device determines whether or not the type information provided by the manufacturer corresponding to the identification information read from the RFID tag matches the type information discriminated by the identification device.

16. The casino system further includes an identification device that captures an image of the casino item and discriminates type information of the casino item from the image. The RFID tag stores type information indicating the type of the casino item. The casino system according to claim 1, wherein the determination device determines whether or not the type information read from the RFID tag matches the type information discriminated by the identification device.

17. The casino item of the casino system according to claim 1 further has the identification information by means other than the RFID tag.

18. Date information is added to the identification information prepared by the manufacturer. The casino system according to claim 1, wherein the determination device determines whether or not the difference between the date information provided by the manufacturer and the device exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

19. The casino item of the casino system according to claim 1 can be used by a player to bet in a game at the casino and can be exchanged for money.

20. A casino system, a casino item provided with an RFID tag storing identification information, a determination device that determines whether any of the identification information prepared by the manufacturer of a plurality of casino items delivered from the manufacturer to the casino is read from the RFID tag attached to the casino item. An activation information registration device installed in the casino, for the casino supplies used in the casino, updates the use-available / use-unavailable status of the activation information regarding the casino supplies to available in the database based on the determination by the determination device that a part of the identification information in the identification information prepared by the manufacturer has been read from the RFID tag of the casino supplies; A verification device installed at a casino supplies handling location in the casino, reads the identification information from the RFID tag of the casino supplies, and verifies whether or not the use-available / use-unavailable status of the activation information regarding the casino supplies is set to available in the database based on the identification information read from the RFID tag by the verification device; A casino system comprising the above.

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