Dual-function moisture-wicking, cooling fabric

Abstract

To provide a warp knit spacer dual functional fabric construction that provides the ability to absorb sweat on one side and the ability to cool skin to below a current temperature on the other side.SOLUTION: A two-sided absorbing and cooling textile is produced by using warp knit spacer construction which comprises an absorbent side having a plurality of loops and a non-loop cooling side. The knit uses four separate yarns which collectively work together to produce enhanced cooling. The knit can include warp knit spacer and circular knit spacer materials. Various finishing methods may also be employed to enhance the cooling power of the fabric.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 621,851, filed January 25, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 720,483, filed August 21, 2018, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a knitted fabric that provides a two-sided, dual-function fabric capable of absorbing up to four times its weight in sweat on its looped absorbent side. The fabric can also provide enhanced conductive cooling on its non-looped (flat) absorbent side while wet and activated. More specifically, the present invention relates to a multi-layer warp-knitted spacer fabric structure that provides the ability to efficiently absorb sweat from the skin, first when wet, but second, in a dry state, can be used to cool the skin to a temperature below the current skin temperature for a longer duration. Described in this patent application is an integrally formed warp-knitted spacer structure comprised of four yarns that work together cooperatively to produce the fabric. [Background technology]

[0003] Conventional wet-activated cooling fabrics use woven and double-knit constructions with moisture-wicking, absorbent yarns. The first layer, positioned next to the skin, provides sustained cooling. However, such fabrics typically dry quickly and / or warm to the temperature of the user's skin, negating the cooling effect. Furthermore, these fabrics tend to be thinner than regular terry cloth towels and are not constructed with loop pile designed to absorb sweat, limiting their ability to absorb sweat. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Therefore, a need exists for a dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabric using more advanced yarn and fabrication techniques that alleviates the deficiencies of current cooling fabrics. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The present invention relates generally to textile fabrics, and more particularly to a dual-function moisture-wicking cooling warp knit spacer fabric structure that provides sweat absorption capabilities on one side of the fabric while also having a cooling side that can cool the skin to a temperature below the current skin temperature, first when wet, but secondly in a dry state, for a longer duration. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0006] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a representational cross-section of a dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabric showing the different layers of the fabric. [Figure 2] 2A-2D show cross-sectional views of filaments that may be used in the construction of dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabrics. [Figure 3] 3A-3E show exemplary stitch markings for the first side of the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabric. [Figure 4] 4A-4E show exemplary stitch markings for the second (opposite) side of the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabric. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 shows a stitch notation of a joined first and second surface. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows the brushing process. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows the embossing process. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows an image of the brushed and embossed cooling fabric. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] Warp knit spacer construction As shown in FIG. 1 , the first side 102 of the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabric 100 includes a plurality of loops for absorbing moisture or sweat from the skin surface 104. The second side 106 of the dual-function fabric 100 is a cooling surface and is preferably flat, particularly compared to the first side 102. Preferably, the raised loops on the first side 102 have a pile height greater than 0.2 millimeters. To accommodate patterns or other designs that use loops, the raised loops on the first side 102 may be omitted in some sections. The pile height may also vary across the surface of the first side 102.

[0008] Preferably, the second surface 106 does not include raised pile. The loop pile height can be varied to other lengths depending on the amount of absorbency, duration, and conductive cooling desired for the dual-function fabric 100. As used herein, pile is a fabric effect formed by multiple loops (or other raised yarns) extending above the fabric surface. Pile height is the height of the multiple loops above the fabric surface.

[0009] A second surface 106, opposite the first surface 102, includes yarns designed to provide additional evaporative cooling performance by utilizing the heat of evaporative chemistry to provide a cooling sensation to the consumer.

[0010] Embodiments of the dual-function fabric 100 are intended to be worn next to the skin 104 of a user, such as an athlete. The dual-function fabric 100 may form an entire garment, such as a shirt or shorts, or may be strategically integrated into a garment where additional cooling is needed, such as near the user's shoulders / armpits. The dual-function fabric 100 may also be utilized to form stand-alone cooling products, such as headbands, towels, hats, etc.

[0011] The evaporative cooling effect of the dual-function fabric 100 is activated when the dual-function fabric 100 is wetted, wrung out, and snapped or twirled in the air. The cooling effect of the dual-function fabric 100 described herein utilizes the principle of evaporative cooling (heat of evaporation). This principle states that in order for water to change from a liquid to a vapor, heat energy must be added. Once evaporation occurs, this heat from the liquid water is removed due to evaporation, resulting in a cooler liquid being left in the dual-function fabric 100.

[0012] Once the dual-function fabric 100 is wetted and preferably wrung to remove excess water, snapping or twirling in air is a recommended process because it helps facilitate and promote the transfer of moisture from the first surface 102, where the water accumulates, to the non-looped second surface 106, where more evaporation of the water into the environment occurs. Snapping or twirling in air also increases the evaporation rate and reduces the material temperature more rapidly by exposing more surface area of ​​the dual-function fabric 100 to air and increased airflow. More specifically, the dual-function fabric 100 acts as a tool to facilitate and promote the evaporation process. The manufacturing method described in this patent has been found to provide additional cooling benefits over other fabrics.

[0013] Once the temperature of the remaining water in the outer evaporation layer (e.g., second surface 106) drops by evaporation, heat exchange occurs within the water by convection, between the water and the dual-function fabric 100 by conduction, and within the dual-function fabric 100 by conduction. Thus, the temperature of the dual-function fabric 100 drops. The evaporation process continues by wicking water from the loop surface to the non-loop surface until the accumulated water is depleted. As the temperature of the material drops, the evaporation rate decreases. The temperature of the dual-function fabric 100 gradually drops to a point where an equilibrium is reached between the rate of heat absorption from the environment into the material and the rate of heat release by evaporation.

[0014] Once the wetted dual-function textile 100 is placed on the second side 106 against the user's skin, cooling energy from the dual-function textile 100 is transferred by conduction from the second side 106 to the skin surface 104. After the cooling energy transfer occurs, the temperature of the dual-function textile 100 rises to equilibrium with the temperature of the skin surface 104. Once this occurs, the wetted dual-function textile 100 can be easily reactivated and its temperature reduced again by snapping or twirling. As previously mentioned, the method of making the dual-function textile 100 described in this patent has been found to provide additional cooling benefits over previous inventions.

[0015] Once the wetted dual function fabric 100 is in place, the first side 102 can be used to wipe sweat or moisture from the skin surface 104. The user can use the dual function fabric 100 in this manner until the fabric is fully saturated. The dual function fabric 100 can then be squeezed or snapped to reactivate it. The user's sweat can even be used to activate the dual function fabric 100.

[0016] To create the unique cooling effect of the dual-function fabric 100, a warp-knit spacer structure is preferably utilized to create a fabric with dual-function layers that contain different yarns within the same material. The second side 106 (cooling side) is primarily comprised of polyester or nylon yarns, along with optional modified cross-section yarns embedded with cooling minerals (or particles) that act to transport and evaporate moisture while providing a cooling feel. The opposing first side 102 (absorbent side) is primarily comprised of either polyester or nylon yarns, along with special absorbent yarns that enable the fabric to enhance its ability to absorb, transport, and retain moisture.

[0017] The dual-function fabric 100 also preferably includes an elastomeric yarn, such as spandex, which provides the dual-function fabric 100 with improved drape and stretch properties. The elastomeric yarn also provides hydrophobicity to allow moisture to quickly dissipate to the more absorbent and evaporative yarns in the dual-function fabric 100. The intended end use of the dual-function fabric 100 is to provide both sweat absorption and cooling from activities such as participating in sports, sporting events, leisure events, or "do-it-yourself" tasks around the home. The dual-function fabric 100 can be used anywhere a person wants to stay cool in the heat.

[0018] The dual function cooling moisture wicking fabric is unique in that it can have the dual purposes of absorption and cooling, all with the same material. Thus, the dual function fabric 100 can be used in the accessories and / or apparel industry to provide the dual purposes of absorption and conduction cooling with an increased amount of absorbency and cooling power over current options on the market.

[0019] 2A-2D show cross-sectional views of yarn filaments that can be utilized in the fabrication of the dual-function textile 100. The cross-section of a single filament of stretchable synthetic (elastomeric) yarn, such as spandex, is shown in FIG. 2D. As described below, elastomeric yarns are typically utilized in bar 4 during fabrication to provide the dual-function textile 100 with drape and stretch properties.

[0020] Other bars (e.g., 1-3) may utilize a variety of other yarns. Figures 2A and 2C show nylon or polyester (evaporative) yarns with unique cross-sections that may be embedded with minerals or particles (e.g., jade or mica) to transport and evaporate moisture from the skin surface 104 while also providing conductive cooling and a cooling feel. Examples of suitable evaporative yarns with such cross-sections include Mipan aqua-x and askim, both produced by Hyosung Corporation of the Republic of Korea, which also provide UV protection.

[0021] 2B shows the cross section of a composite bicomponent polyester and nylon (absorbent) yarn having a special star-shaped cross section (the star-shaped cross section is formed as a result of a treatment applied after the dual-function fabric 100 is knitted). Such yarn is more absorbent than conventional absorbent yarns used in most cooling fabrics. The yarn utilized in the first surface 102 is preferably Hyosung Mypan XF, which has a wicking rate and wicking distance at least twice that of cotton of comparable density when tested after two minutes using AATCC Method 197.

[0022] Knitting production details The dual-function fabric 100 is preferably fabricated using a warp knitting spacer machine. Furthermore, the weight range of the dual-function fabric 100 is preferably 100 to 600 g / m 2 The described embodiments of the dual function fabric 100 preferably have the following fiber content: Option 1 - Poly / Spandex Blend - 62% Polyester, 28% Cooling Polyester, 10% Spandex (May vary ±10% for each fiber.) Option 2 - Poly / Nylon / Spandex Blend - 60% Polyester, 30% Cooling Nylon, 10% Spandex (May vary ±10% for each fiber.) Option 3 - 91% Cooling Polyester, 9% Spandex Option 4 - 91% Polyester + 9% Spandex

[0023] Examples of stitch notations for producing these various options for the dual-function fabric 100 are described below. The notations for each bar can be modified to produce various alternatives. FIGS. 3A-3D show the stitch notations for bars 1-4, respectively, on the first side 102 (loop side) according to option 1. Similarly, FIGS. 4A-4D show the stitch notations for bars 1-4, respectively, on the second side 106 according to option 1. FIG. 3E shows the interlaced stitch notations for the first side 102 according to option 1, and FIG. 4E shows the interlaced stitch notations for the second side 106. Finally, FIG. 5 shows the interlaced stitch notations for option 1 for the entire dual-function fabric 100. In the described options, the front and back bars share the same end of the yarn.

[0024] Option 1 - Warp Knit Spacer - Poly / Spandex Blend - 90% Polyester, 10% Spandex (30% Cooling Polyester) Option 1, first page 102 Figure 3A - Bar 1: 2-2 / 0-0 (50D / 72F polyester) - Absorbable thread Figure 3B - Bar 2: 2-2 / 0-0 (50D / 72F polyester) - absorbable thread Figure 3C - Bar 3: 1-0 / 2-3 (50D / 72F cooling polyester) - Askin-like cooling yarn Figure 3D - Bar 4: 0-0 / 2-2 (70D Spandex) - Elastomeric Yarn Second side of option 1 106 Figure 4A - Bar 1: 1-0 / 1-2 (50D / 72F polyester) - Absorbable thread Figure 4B - Bar 2: 1-0 / 1-2 (50D / 72F polyester) - absorbable thread Figure 4C - Bar 3: 2-1 / 1-2 (50D / 72F cooling polyester) - Askin-like cooling yarn Figure 4D - Bar 4: 1-2 / 1-0 (70D Spandex) - Elastomeric Yarn

[0025] Bar 1 of Option 1 preferably uses a 50 denier / 72 filament draw textured polyester yarn. Bar 2 of Option 1 preferably uses a 50 denier / 72 filament draw textured polyester yarn. Bar 3 of Option 1 preferably uses a 50 denier / 72 filament draw textured full dull quench polyester yarn. Bar 4 of Option 1 preferably uses a 70 denier spandex yarn (or equivalent elastomeric yarn).

[0026] Preferably, the dual function fabric produced according to Option 1 has a course count on the second surface 106 of 50 to 56 courses per inch and a wale count of 33 to 39 wales per inch.

[0027] In addition to the Option 1 construction detailed above, various stitch constructions for alternative embodiments of the dual-function fabric 100 are described below.

[0028] Option 2 - Warp Knit Spacer - Poly / Nylon / Spandex Blend - 60% Polyester, 30% Nylon, 10% Spandex (30% Cooling Nylon) Option 2, first page 102 Bar 1: 2-2 / 0-0 (50D / 72F polyester) - absorbable thread Bar 2: 2-2 / 0-0 (50D / 72F polyester) - absorbable thread Bar 3: 1-0 / 2-3 (50D cooling nylon) - cooling yarn like Aqua-x Bar 4: 0-0 / 2-2 (70D Spandex) - Elastomer Yarn Option 2, second side 106 Bar 1: 1-0 / 1-2 (50D / 72F polyester) - absorbable thread Bar 2: 1-0 / 1-2 (50D / 72F polyester) - absorbable thread Bar 3: 2-1 / 1-2 (50D cooling nylon) - cooling yarn like Aqua-x Bar 4: 1-2 / 1-0 (70D Spandex) - Absorbable Yarn

[0029] Option 2 bar 1 preferably uses 50 denier / 72 filament draw textured polyester yarn. Option 2 bar 2 preferably uses 50 denier / 72 filament draw textured polyester yarn. Option 2 bar 3 preferably uses 50 denier / 72 filament draw textured full dull quench nylon yarn. Option 2 bar 4 preferably uses 70 denier spandex yarn (or equivalent elastomeric yarn).

[0030] Option 3 - Warp Knit Spacer - 90% Polyester + 10% Spandex (90% Cooling Polyester) Option 3, first page 102 Bar 1: 2-2 / 0-0 (50D / 72F cooling polyester) - cooling yarn like Askin Bar 2: 2-2 / 0-0 (50D / 72F cooling polyester) - cooling yarn like Askin Bar 3: 1-0 / 2-3 (50D / 72F cooling polyester) - cooling yarn like Askin Bar 4: 0-0 / 2-2 (70D Spandex) - Elastomer Yarn Option 3, second side 106 Bar 1: 1-0 / 1-2 (50D / 72F cooling polyester) - cooling yarn like Askin Bar 2: 1-0 / 1-2 (50D / 72F cooling polyester) - cooling yarn like Askin Bar 3: 2-1 / 1-2 (50D / 72F cooling polyester) - cooling yarn like Askin Bar 4: 1-2 / 1-0 (70D Spandex) - Elastomer yarn

[0031] Bars 1-3 of Option 3 preferably use a 50 denier / 72 filament drawn full dull quench polyester yarn. Bar 4 of Option 3 preferably uses a 70 denier spandex (or equivalent elastomeric yarn).

[0032] Option 4 - Warp Knit Spacer - 90% Polyester / Nylon + 10% Spandex Option 4, first page 102 Bar 1: 2-2 / 0-0 (absorbent and / or cooling yarn) Bar 2: 2-2 / 0-0 (absorbent and / or cooling yarn) Bar 3: 1-0 / 2-3 (absorbent and / or cooling yarn) Bar 4: 0-0 / 2-2 (elastomer thread) Option 4, second side 106 Bar 1: 1-0 / 1-2 (absorbent and / or cooling yarn) Bar 2: 1-0 / 1-2 (absorbent and / or cooling yarn) Bar 3: 2-1 / 1-2 (absorbent and / or cooling yarn) Bar 4: 1-2 / 1-0 (elastomer thread)

[0033] As can be seen from options 1-4 above, a four-bar warp knit spacer structure for producing the dual-function fabric 100 typically includes absorbent yarns in bars 1 and 2, cooling yarns in bar 3, and elastomeric yarns in bar 4. This ensures that the absorbent yarns form loops on the first surface 102 that absorb moisture from the skin surface 104. Additionally, the cooling yarns in bar 3 aid in wicking and evaporation of moisture from the absorbent yarns. Finally, the elastomeric yarns (e.g., spandex) used in bar 4 ensure that the dual-function fabric 100 has drapeability and stretchability.

[0034] Additional performance yarns In some embodiments, other performance yarns can be used in the dual-function textile 100. Specifically, for the yarns listed in bars 1-4 of Options 1-4, other evaporative yarns with additional performance properties can be added, blended, or intertwined with the evaporative yarns (e.g., 50D / 72F cooling polyester) to enhance the cooling effect. These yarns can be, but are not limited to, the following:

[0035] Mineral-Infused - Mineral-embedded yarns, including mica, jade, coconut shell, volcanic ash, graphene, etc., can be added to provide a cooling feel and enhanced evaporation performance. Mineral yarns have a larger surface area with exposed particles that provide additional evaporation power. Examples of this type of yarn would be 37.5 polyester and 37.5 nylon.

[0036] Absorbable yarns - Highly absorbent yarns such as bicomponent synthetic yarns, alternative modified cross-section synthetic yarns, cellulosic and non-cellulosic blended yarns can be used. This can include both filament and spun yarns, as well as combinations of these yarns.

[0037] Phase Change - Phase change yarns such as "Outlast" polyester and "Outlast" nylon, cellulosic and non-cellulosic blends can be added to the present invention to provide additional cooling power and feel.

[0038] Additional Performance Yarn Denier / Filament Ranges: Bars 1-3 - Absorbent or cooling polyester or nylon thread Denier range - 10 denier to 200 denier Filament range - 10 filaments to 400 filaments Bar 4 - Elastomeric yarn (spandex or other elastomeric yarn) Denier range - 10 denier to 340 denier

[0039] Absorbable thread details (bars 1 and 2) The following provides a description of various absorbent yarns that can be used to manufacture the dual-function textile 100. These absorbent yarns are used to create loops on the first side 102 of the dual-function textile 100 that absorb moisture from the skin surface 104. The absorbent yarns also, as previously described, help retain moisture within the dual-function textile 100 when wet, which aids in cooling.

[0040] The first type of absorbent yarn is microdenier. Specifically, microdenier is a yarn having less than 1 denier per filament (dpf). An example of a microdenier is 50 denier / 72 filaments, where denier (50) divided by filaments (72) is less than 1. Additionally, multifilament yarns containing denier per filament ratios of 1.2 dpf or less could also be used in the present invention. Microdenier may be used in any of bars 1-3 during the construction of the dual-function fabric 100.

[0041] Composite yarns (highly absorbent bicomponent polyester / nylon) yarns are also preferably used in bars 1-3 to impart additional absorbency characteristics to the present invention. The composite yarns undergo a process during dyeing that dissolves the binder, splits the yarn, and allows for a pie-shaped cross section, which allows for greater water retention than typical synthetic fibers.

[0042] Nanofront synthetic yarn technology, produced by Teijin, can also be preferably used in bars 1-3 to impart additional absorbency characteristics to the dual-function fabric 100. Using this technology, it is possible to have fiber diameters of 700 nanometers, which is 1 / 7,500th the thickness of a human hair. Currently, this yarn is polyester-based.

[0043] Avra yarn technology, produced by Eastman, is a fiber that can provide additional moisture management and absorption performance and can be used in bars 1-3.

[0044] Preferably, all of the absorbent yarns (bars 1-3) used in the dual function fabric 100 have the following properties: First, the absorbent yarns provide wicking and moisture management properties through their ability to transfer moisture from the first surface 102 to the second surface 106, promoting evaporation.

[0045] These yarns can also provide a "cool feel." Cool feel is tested by the Q-max test. Preferably, the dual function fabric 100 has a 0.130 W / cm2 2 Preferably, the Q-Max of the second surface 106 when wet (Option 1 - 0.442 W / cm) is greater than 0.442 W / cm, which exhibits a cool feel effect based on normal industry standards for cool feel requirements for polyester-based products. 2 ) is the Q-Max (Option 1 - 0.163 W / cm ) of the second surface 106 when dry. 2 ) of the second surface 106 when wet (Option 1 - 0.442 W / cm 2 ) is the Q-Max (Option 1 - 0.157 W / cm ) of the first surface 102 when wet. 2 ) is at least twice as large.

[0046] The absorbent yarns also provide rapid absorption of moisture, allowing moisture to soak into the fabric in less than 3 seconds when tested according to AATCC 79.

[0047] Cooling yarn details (bars 1-3) Cooling yarns are synthetic yarns that wick moisture away through capillary action. Cooling evaporative yarns, such as Askin and Mypan Aqua-X, have a modified cross-section that allows them to provide the dual-function fabric 100 with rapid absorption, fast drying, and capillary wicking. These cooling fibers have embedded minerals or particles, such as mica, titanium dioxide, or jade, that allow the dual-function fabric 100 to have a Q-max of 0.130 or greater on the second surface 106. Additionally, modified cross-section cooling evaporative yarns add opacity and UV protection. Therefore, the use of these yarns allows for more evaporative cooling power than typical polyester.

[0048] Elastomeric Yarn Details (Bar 4) As previously mentioned, bar 4 preferably utilizes elastomeric yarns in embodiments of the dual-function fabric 100. The elastomeric yarns provide functional stretch and recovery properties. Specifically, elastomers are used in the fabric to prevent excessive stretch. Specifically, the dual-function fabric 100 preferably includes no more than 10% spandex yarns, which helps the elastomer maintain no more than 10% elongation after 60 seconds when tested per ASTM D2594.

[0049] Additional benefits of Dual Function Fabric 100 In use, the dual-function fabric 100, when wet and activated, can reduce the temperature to 30 degrees below the average core body temperature (98.6°F). Additionally, the dual-function fabric 100 reduces the W / m when compared to current microfiber cooling towels. 2 The measured conductive cooling power is increased by over 60% and the conductive cooling power is increased by over 50% over the PVA and cotton towels.

[0050] The dual-function fabric 100 has a cooling duration of over 11.0 hours, depending on the external humidity / temperature. This is supported by an independent study in a controlled laboratory environment. The report verified that the dual-function fabric 100 remained over 50% wet for up to 11.1 hours, meaning that it can retain water inside the towel longer than conventional microfiber cooling fabrics, thereby producing evaporative cooling for longer than conventional microfiber cooling fabrics.

[0051] The Wet-Pick-Up Percentage of the dual-function fabric 100 is also more than four times its weight, which is significantly higher than conventional microfiber cooling fabric options on the market. The dual-function fabric 100 also has absorbent capabilities from the first side 102 and a cooling feel on its opposite side (second side 106) when placed against the skin.

[0052] Additional testing demonstrated that one embodiment of the dual-function fabric 100 had a wet pick-up percentage (WPU%) of 489% or 4.9 times the weight of the fabric. Furthermore, testing of an alternative embodiment of the fabric had a WPU% of 532% or 5.3 times the weight of the fabric. This is an increase over the highest historically reached WPU% of 157% or 1.57 times the weight of the fabric for conventional microfiber cooling towels.

[0053] The combination of the yarns of the dual function fabric 100 on the loop absorption side (first side 102) and the evaporative yarns used on the cooling side (second side 106) allows for a Watt / m 2 The conductive cooling power measured at 23,483 watts / m² is higher than both polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 100% cotton woven towels. Specifically, two separate test reports each show that the dual function fabric 100 described herein has a conductive cooling power of 23,483 watts / m². 2 (Option 4: 415g / m 2 (embodiment of the invention) and 22,709 watts / m 2 (Option 1: 395g / m 2 (embodiment of the invention), whereas PVA and cotton towels produce only 15,011 and 14,967 watts / m², respectively. 2 This therefore shows that the dual-function fabric 100 of the present invention produces approximately 56% to 51% more watts of cooling energy than both PVA and cotton towels, as measured by testing at Vartest Laboratories using a modified ASTM F1868 method entitled "Standard Test Method for Heat and Evaporation Resistance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate."

[0054] The dual-function fabric 100 can also be treated with antimicrobial chemicals or special yarns added to inhibit microbial growth, thereby making it reusable without emitting bad odors. No chemicals need be added to the dual-function fabric 100 to impart cooling capabilities. Furthermore, the dual-function fabric 100 made according to any of the described embodiments is soft, dry, reusable, and machine washable.

[0055] Finishing method In addition to typical fabric finishing methods, embodiments of the present invention include applying additional finishing methods, either before or after fabrication of the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling sensation fabric 100, that impart additional cooling power, duration, temperature, and other cooling performance characteristics when the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling sensation fabric 100 is wetted and activated. The following provide examples of additional finishing methods suitable for use with the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling sensation fabric 100. Combinations of the following methods may also be used.

[0056] Brushing—Brushing using methods such as pin brushing or less prominent ceramic paper brushing provides a pile height to the cooling fabric. This pile height provides a softer aesthetic feel and additional absorbency. Additionally, the added surface area for water evaporation helps increase the rate of evaporation. A schematic diagram of a pin-type brushing machine is shown in FIG. 6. As shown, one side (side 106) of the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabric 100 is fed onto a pin brusher 602 that rotates in a direction opposite to the direction the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabric 100 is fed. As the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabric 100 passes over the pins 604, the pins slowly brush the front side of the second side 106, leaving the back side intact. In some embodiments, both sides of the dual-function fabric 100 can be brushed.

[0057] Embossing - Embossing creates a reorientation of fibers on the fabric surface. This finishing method is used to increase the surface area by flattening the yarn surface. This increased surface area allows for a higher deposition rate, thereby creating additional cooling properties and a higher level of evaporation. A schematic diagram of the embossing machine and process is shown in Figure 7. Here, the dual-functional moisture-wicking cooling fabric 100 is fed between a heated roller 702 and an unheated roller 704. The surface of the heated roller 702 generally contains the pattern that is to appear on the final embossed fabric (second side 106). In other embodiments, if both sides of the dual-functional moisture-wicking cooling fabric 100 are to be embossed, the fabric may be reversed.

[0058] Brushing + Embossing - The use of a combination of brushing and embossing can impart additional cooling properties to the cooling fabric. The benefits of both brushing and embossing implementations are described above. A sample of a textured dual-function fabric 100 that is both brushed and embossed is shown in Figure 8.

[0059] Chemical Updates Chemicals can also be used to activate the dual-function moisture-wicking cooling fabric 100 to impart additional cooling power, duration, and lower temperatures to the moisture. Below is a summary of additional finishing methods. Combinations of these methods can also be used with the dual-function fabric 100.

[0060] Cooling Printing - Chemicals printed using conventional and non-conventional printing techniques can be used to add chemical properties such as hydrophobic, hydrophilic, phase change, minerals (particles) etc. to the cooling fabric 100 surface. When wetted to activate, these chemicals impart additional cooling power, duration and lower temperature.

[0061] Cooling Gel - A cooling gel of a proprietary composition printed or coated onto the dual-function textile 100 can impart additional cooling properties to the dual-function textile 100.

[0062] Cooling Finishes - Cooling chemicals such as xylitol, erythritol and other cooling finishes can be added to the dual-function absorbent and dual-function fabric 100 to impart additional cooling properties to the dual-function fabric 100 when wetted to activate, and secondarily in a dry state.

[0063] Fabric construction and thread position Circular Knit Spacer - A similar layering effect to that shown in Figure 1 can also be achieved using a circular knit spacer. Circular knit spacer machines have the added ability to insert additional yarns, such as monofilament yarns, to provide additional thickness to the material. This additional thickness created by yarns such as monofilament yarns can be intermittently replaced or combined with composite yarns, and the outer yarns used can be high-evaporation yarns or any of the yarns previously described.

[0064] Flat knitting - A similar layering effect to that shown in Figure 1 can also be achieved using flat knitting machines. Flat knitting machines are very versatile, allowing for complex stitch designs, shaped set-up, and precise width adjustment. The two largest manufacturers of industrial flat knitting machines are Stoll of Germany and Shima Seiki of Japan.

[0065] The invention has been described with respect to various embodiments. However, it should be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.

[0066] The present invention includes the following embodiments. [1] A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric with a double sided surface, comprising an absorbent surface formed by two separate yarns including a first yarn and a second yarn, and a cooling surface formed by four separate yarns including a first yarn, a second yarn, an evaporative cooling yarn, and an elastomeric yarn, the first yarn and the second yarn are placed on separate but adjacent knitting bars during production of a two-sided moisture-wicking cooling fabric; the first yarn and the second yarn together form loops in an absorbent surface having a pile height greater than 0.2 millimeters to absorb moisture from the skin surface; The cooling surface is a two-sided moisture-wicking cooling fabric configured to transport absorbed moisture from the absorbent surface for exposure to the cooling surface for evaporation. [2] A moisture-wicking, two-sided cooling fabric as described in [1], which cools the surface of the skin above the cooling surface by up to 20°F and cools the core body temperature by up to 40°F when the moisture-wicking, two-sided cooling fabric is wet. [3] A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric with a double sided surface, as described in [1], which, when wet, cools the skin surface for more than four hours. [4] The moisture-wicking cooling fabric with a double sided surface is manufactured using a warp-knitted spacer structure. [5] The moisture-absorbing cooling fabric with a double sided surface is produced using a warp knitting spacer machine. [6] The moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and back according to [1], wherein the first yarn is microdenier, microfiber, composite bicomponent poly / nylon, cooling polyester askin, or cooling nylon aqua-x. [7] The moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and back according to [1], wherein the second yarn is microdenier, microfiber, composite bicomponent poly / nylon, cooling polyester askin, or cooling nylon aqua-x. [8] The moisture-wicking cooling fabric with a front and back described in [1], wherein the evaporative cooling yarn is Askin or Aqua-x. [9] Moisture-wicking, cooling fabric with a double sided surface, 100-600g / m 2[1] A moisture-absorbing, cooling fabric having a front and back and a weight of 100g.

[10] The moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and back according to [1], wherein the elastomeric yarn is spandex.

[11] A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a double sided surface, manufactured using a warp knitted spacer structure including an absorbent surface having a plurality of loops and a non-loop cooling surface, the first bar of the absorbent surface uses a first thread and a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course; The second bar on the absorbent side uses a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course using the second yarn; The third bar of the loop absorbing side uses the third yarn and uses 1-0 / 2-3 stitch notation in the first course. The fourth bar of the loop absorbing side uses the fourth yarn and uses 0-0 / 2-2 stitch notation in the first course. a first bar on the non-loop cooling side simultaneously using a first yarn from a first bar on the absorbent side using a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in a first course; a second bar on the non-loop cooling side simultaneously using a second yarn from a second bar on the absorbent side, using a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course; a third bar on the non-loop cooling side simultaneously using a third yarn from a third bar on the absorbent side using a 2-1 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course; the fourth bar on the non-loop cooling side simultaneously uses the fourth yarn from the fourth bar on the absorbent side using a 1-2 / 1-0 stitch notation in the first course; the first yarn is a microdenier polyester yarn; the second yarn is a microdenier polyester yarn; the third yarn is a cooling polyester yarn, and A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric with a front and back, in which the fourth yarn is an elastomeric yarn.

[12] A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and back according to

[11] , wherein the first yarn is a 50 denier / 72 filament stretch-processed yarn.

[13] The moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and back according to

[12] , wherein the second yarn is a 50 denier / 72 filament stretch-processed yarn.

[14] The moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and back according to

[13] , wherein the fourth yarn is spandex.

[15] A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and a back, manufactured using a warp-knitted spacer structure including a loop absorbent surface and a non-loop cooling surface, The first bar of the loop absorbent side is made of microfiber polyester thread and uses a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course. The first bar of the non-loop cooling surface uses a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course using microfiber polyester thread. The second bar of the loop absorbent side is made of microfiber polyester thread and uses a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course. The second bar on the non-loop cooling side uses a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course using microfiber polyester thread. The third bar of the loop absorbent side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses 1-0 / 2-3 stitch notation in the first course. The third bar on the non-loop cooling side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and a 2-1 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course. The fourth bar of the loop absorbent side uses elastomeric yarn and a 0-0 / 2-2 stitch notation in the first course, and A moisture-wicking cooling fabric with a double-sided surface, in which the fourth bar of the non-loop cooling side uses elastomeric yarn and a 1-2 / 1-0 stitch notation in the first course.

[16] A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and a back, manufactured using a warp-knitted spacer structure including a loop absorbent surface and a non-loop cooling surface, The first bar of the loop absorbent side is made of microfiber polyester thread and uses a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course. The first bar of the non-loop cooling surface uses a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course using microfiber polyester thread. The second bar of the loop absorbent side is made of microfiber polyester thread and uses a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course. The second bar on the non-loop cooling side uses a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course using microfiber polyester thread. The third bar of the loop absorbent surface uses evaporative cooling nylon thread and uses 1-0 / 2-3 stitch notation in the first course, The third bar of the non-loop cooling surface uses 2-1 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course using evaporative cooling nylon thread, The fourth bar of the loop absorbent side uses elastomeric yarn and a 0-0 / 2-2 stitch notation in the first course, and A moisture-wicking cooling fabric with a double-sided surface, in which the fourth bar of the non-loop cooling side uses elastomeric yarn and a 1-2 / 1-0 stitch notation in the first course.

[17] A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and a back, manufactured using a warp-knitted spacer structure including a loop absorbent surface and a non-loop cooling surface, The first bar of the loop absorbent side is made of evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course. The first bar of the non-loop cooling side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course. The second bar of the loop absorbent side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course. The second bar on the non-loop cooling side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course. The third bar of the loop absorbent side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses 1-0 / 2-3 stitch notation in the first course. The third bar on the non-loop cooling side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and a 2-1 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course. The fourth bar of the loop absorbing side uses spandex yarn and uses a 0-0 / 2-2 stitch notation in the first course, and A moisture-wicking cooling fabric with a double-sided surface, in which the fourth bar of the non-loop cooling side uses spandex yarn and a 1-2 / 1-0 stitch notation in the first course.

[18] A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and a back, manufactured using a warp-knitted spacer structure including a loop absorbent surface and a non-loop cooling surface, The first bar of the loop absorbent side is made of evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course. The first bar of the non-loop cooling side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses 1-0 / 2-3 stitch notation in the first course. The second bar of the loop absorbent side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course. The second bar on the non-loop cooling side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses 1-0 / 2-3 stitch notation in the first course. The third bar of the loop absorbent side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and uses 1-0 / 2-3 stitch notation in the first course. The third bar on the non-loop cooling side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and a 2-1 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course. The fourth bar of the loop absorbing side uses spandex yarn and uses a 0-0 / 2-2 stitch notation in the first course, and A moisture-wicking cooling fabric with a double-sided surface, in which the fourth bar of the non-loop cooling side uses spandex yarn and a 1-2 / 1-0 stitch notation in the first course.

[19] The moisture-absorbing, cooling fabric having a front and back according to [1], wherein the loops have a pile height of 2 to 3 mm.

[20] The moisture-absorbing, cooling fabric having a front and back according to [1], wherein the loops have a pile height of 0.5 to 10 mm.

[21] A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and a back, including an absorbent surface having a plurality of loops and a cooling surface opposite to the absorbent surface, The pile height of the multiple loops is proportional to the duration of conductive cooling of the moisture-wicking cooling fabric with a front and back. A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric with a double-sided surface, the Q-Max of the cooling surface when wet is at least twice the Q-Max of the cooling surface when dry.

[22] A moisture-wicking cooling fabric having a front and back according to

[21] , wherein the Q-Max of the cooling surface when wet is at least twice the Q-Max of the absorbing surface when wet.

Claims

1. A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a two-sided surface and a warp-knitted spacer structure including an absorbent surface having a plurality of loops and a non-loop cooling surface, a first bar of the absorbent surface using a first yarn and a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in a first course; a second bar on the absorbent side using a second yarn and a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch notation in the first course; a third bar of the loop absorbing side using a third yarn and a 1-0 / 2-3 stitch notation in the first course; the fourth bar of the loop absorbing side uses the fourth yarn and a 0-0 / 2-2 stitch notation in the first course; a first bar of the non-loop cooling side simultaneously using a first yarn from a first bar of the absorbent side using a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in a first course; a second bar on the non-loop cooling side simultaneously using a second yarn from a second bar on the absorbent side using a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course; a third bar on the non-loop cooling side simultaneously using a third yarn from a third bar on the absorbent side using a 2-1 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course; a fourth bar on the non-loop cooling side simultaneously using a fourth yarn from a fourth bar on the absorbent side using a 1-2 / 1-0 stitch notation in the first course; the first yarn is a microdenier polyester yarn; the second yarn is a microdenier polyester yarn; the third yarn is a cooling polyester yarn, and the fourth yarn is an elastomeric yarn; The cooling polyester yarn is an evaporative polyester filament yarn having a modified cross section and embedded with minerals; the mineral is selected from the group consisting of mica, jade, graphene, and titanium dioxide; The moisture-wicking cooling fabric has a conductive cooling power of 22,709 watts / m 2 or more.

2. 2. The moisture-wicking, cooling fabric according to claim 1, wherein the first yarn is a 50 denier / 72 filament stretch-textured yarn.

3. 3. The moisture-wicking, cooling fabric according to claim 2, wherein the second yarn is a 50 denier / 72 filament stretch-textured yarn.

4. 4. The two-sided moisture-wicking, cooling fabric of claim 3, wherein the fourth yarn is spandex.

5. A moisture-wicking, cooling fabric having a front and a back, which is manufactured using a warp knitted spacer structure including a loop absorbent surface and a non-loop cooling surface, the first bar of the loop absorbent side employing a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch pattern in the first course using microdenier polyester yarn; the first bar of the non-loop cooling side uses a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course using microdenier polyester yarn; the second bar of the loop absorbent side employing a 2-2 / 0-0 stitch designation in the first course using microdenier polyester yarn; a second bar on the non-loop cooling side using a 1-0 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course using microdenier polyester yarn; the third bar of the loop absorbent side uses evaporative cooling polyester yarn and a 1-0 / 2-3 stitch notation in the first course; a third bar on the non-loop cooling side using evaporative cooling polyester yarn and a 2-1 / 1-2 stitch notation in the first course; the fourth bar of the loop absorbent surface uses an elastomeric yarn and a 0-0 / 2-2 stitch notation in the first course; and the fourth bar on the non-loop cooling side uses elastomeric yarn and a 1-2 / 1-0 stitch notation in the first course; The evaporative cooling polyester yarn is an evaporative polyester filament yarn having a modified cross section and embedded with minerals, the mineral is selected from the group consisting of mica, jade, graphene, and titanium dioxide; The moisture-wicking cooling fabric has a conductive cooling power of 22,709 watts / m 2 or more.

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