Braking devices and seismic isolation structures for buildings

Abstract

To provide a braking device which is excellent in energy absorption performance, can be repeatedly used, and can shorten a length in an action direction of external force.SOLUTION: A braking device 1 for absorbing energy generated by external force includes: a pair of sliders 2, 2 moving in an action direction of the external force; a spring 3 interposed between the pair of sliders and having an extension / contraction direction almost orthogonal to the action direction; a core material 4 inserted into a hollow 3a of the spring and allowing the pair of sliders to move; and a body 5 for fixing both ends of the core material and controlling a moving direction of the slider. When the external force is applied to the slider and the slider is moved to the action direction, a gap between the pair of sliders is narrowed accordingly, and the spring is contracted, and at the same time, energy absorption by sliding is performed between the body and the slider and between the spring and the slider.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a damping device for absorbing energy generated by an external force, and to a seismic isolation structure for a building in which the damping device is installed. [Background technology]

[0002] Seismic isolation structures are known for buildings in which seismic isolation devices are placed between the building and its foundation to reduce the transmission of earthquake vibrations. In the event of an unexpectedly large earthquake exceeding the level anticipated during structural design, excessive deformation may occur in the isolation layer where the seismic isolation devices are placed, causing the building to collide with the surrounding retaining walls, or excessive deformation of the seismic isolation devices may damage the isolation layer. Furthermore, the impact force of the collision with the retaining wall may also damage the building above.

[0003] Therefore, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, shocks are mitigated by installing rubber blocks as buffer materials in advance at locations where collisions may occur due to excessive deformation during a major earthquake. Here, it is known that rubber blocks absorb energy by plastically deforming when a large force is applied.

[0004] Meanwhile, Patent Document 2 discloses a vibration suppression device equipped with a spring mechanism in which multiple disc springs are arranged in the direction of external force. This vibration suppression device increases the amount of spring movement when a displacement greater than a predetermined value occurs, thereby reducing rigidity as the displacement increases. Such a vibration suppression device can be used as a spring material to generate a restoring force in a seismic isolation device, or as a damper material by adding a damping material.

[0005] Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses the use of a spring member in which multiple disc springs are arranged in the direction in which an external force acts as a vibration control mechanism for a structure such as a building. This spring member, which uses disc springs as elements, is configured to be able to withstand both compressive and tensile forces. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-71651 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-78432 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-163134 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] However, devices that plasticize to absorb energy, such as those disclosed in Patent Document 1, need to be replaced when their performance deteriorates due to plasticization. However, this is difficult to do quickly after a major earthquake, and replacement costs are required.

[0008] Furthermore, in the configurations disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3, in which multiple disc springs are lined up in the direction of external force, the amount of deformation per disc spring is small, so if you want to displace more than a certain amount in the direction of external force, you need to incorporate many disc springs, which increases the length and size of the device.The seismic isolation pit in which the seismic isolation device is installed has many pipes and other components laid out, so there are restrictions on the available space, so it is desirable for the device to be as small as possible.

[0009] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a braking device that has excellent energy absorption performance, can be used repeatedly, and can shorten the length in the direction in which external forces act, as well as a seismic isolation structure for a building in which it is installed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the braking device of the present invention is a braking device for absorbing energy generated by an external force, and comprises a pair of slider portions that move in the direction in which the external force acts, a spring portion interposed between the pair of slider portions and whose expansion and contraction direction is approximately perpendicular to the direction of action, a core portion that is inserted into the hollow portion of the spring portion and enables movement of each of the pair of slider portions, and a main body portion that fixes both ends of the core portion and controls the direction of movement of the slider portions, and is characterized in that when an external force acts on the slider portions and causes them to move in the direction of action, the gap between the pair of slider portions narrows accordingly and the spring portions contract, and energy is absorbed by sliding between the main body portion and the slider portions and between the spring portions and the slider portions.

[0011] Here, the slider portion may be formed with a tapered surface that narrows toward the tip when the spring portion moves to contract, and sliding occurs between the slider portion and the tapered surface of the main body portion.

[0012] The spring portion may be formed by combining disc spring materials or coil spring materials having different rigidities. Furthermore, the core portion having an outer shape that allows for close contact may be inserted into a hollow portion of the spring portion, and a washer may be interposed between the spring portion and the slider portion.

[0013] Furthermore, the invention of a seismic isolation structure for a building is a seismic isolation structure for a building in which a seismic isolation device is placed, characterized in that it comprises any of the braking devices described above that are installed in the seismic isolation layer in which the seismic isolation device is placed, and a reaction force section for activating the braking device before a predetermined or greater deformation occurs in the seismic isolation layer.

[0014] Here, the braking device can be installed on the upper or lower side of the seismic isolation layer, and a protrusion portion that serves as the reaction force portion can be provided at a position opposite the acting surface of the slider portion on which the external force acts.

[0015] The braking device may also be provided on the side of a structural member supported by the seismic isolation device or on a wall surface opposite the side of the structural member. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] The braking device of the present invention configured in this manner includes a spring portion that expands and contracts in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the external force. When an external force acts on the slider portion and moves it, the spring portion contracts, and energy is absorbed by sliding between the main body portion and the slider portion, and between the spring portion and the slider portion.

[0017] This provides excellent energy absorption performance. Furthermore, the mechanism for expanding and contracting the spring section provides excellent recovery performance and allows for repeated use. Furthermore, because the direction of expansion and contraction of the spring section is approximately perpendicular to the direction in which the external force acts, the length of the braking device in the direction in which the external force acts can be shortened.

[0018] Furthermore, the pair of sliders are attached so that they can move independently, allowing the braking device to function effectively even when the pair of sliders are not equally pressed together due to torsional deformation of the seismic isolation layer or other reasons.

[0019] Furthermore, if the sliding surface of the slider part is formed into a tapered surface that narrows toward the tip when the spring part moves to contract, the movement of the slider part is continuously converted into contraction of the spring part, thereby enabling smooth braking.

[0020] Furthermore, if the spring portion is formed by combining disc spring materials or coil spring materials with different rigidities, it can be set to have a restoring force characteristic of increasing rigidity, allowing for gentle braking.

[0021] In addition, by placing a washer between the spring and slider, the coefficient of friction can be adjusted by changing the material of the washer.Furthermore, by increasing the contact surface, the slider can move more smoothly.

[0022] In addition, the invention of the seismic isolation structure for a building includes a damping device installed in the seismic isolation layer where the seismic isolation device is located, and a reaction unit for activating the damping device before the seismic isolation layer experiences a predetermined level of deformation. Therefore, even if a large earthquake occurs that is greater than anticipated at the time of design, it is possible to prevent the building from colliding with the surrounding retaining walls or the seismic isolation layer from being damaged by excessive deformation of the seismic isolation device. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a cutaway perspective view illustrating the internal structure of the braking device according to the present embodiment. [Figure 2] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating the seismic isolation structure of a building according to the present embodiment, in which (a) is a schematic diagram showing the state under normal circumstances, and (b) is a schematic diagram showing the state under a major earthquake. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a perspective view for explaining the configuration of a braking device according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 10A and 10B are explanatory diagrams illustrating the configuration of a spring portion. [Figure 5] 10 is a graph illustrating the restoring force characteristics of a spring portion with increased stiffness. [Figure 6] 10 is a graph for explaining the restoring force characteristics of a braking device including friction. [Figure 7] FIG. 4 is a side view for explaining the initial state of the braking device. [Figure 8] FIG. 4 is a side view for explaining the state when the braking device is activated. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a side view illustrating the state of the braking device at maximum deformation. [Figure 10] 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the operating range of a braking device in a seismic isolation structure for a building according to the present embodiment. FIG. [Figure 11] 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an installation example 1 of a braking device in a seismic isolation structure for a building according to the present embodiment. [Figure 12] 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a second installation example of a braking device in a seismic isolation structure for a building according to the present embodiment. FIG. [Figure 13]10 is an explanatory diagram showing a third example of installation of a braking device in a seismic isolation structure for a building according to the present embodiment. FIG. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a fourth installation example of a braking device in a seismic isolation structure for a building according to the present embodiment. [Figure 15] 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a fourth example of installation of a braking device in a seismic isolation structure for a building according to the present embodiment. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Figures 1 and 3 are perspective views for explaining the configuration of a braking device 1 according to this embodiment. Also, Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram that schematically shows a seismic isolation structure for a building according to this embodiment.

[0025] The braking device 1 of this embodiment is a device for absorbing energy generated by an external force. The braking device 1 of this embodiment can be used in combination with a building with a seismic isolation structure. The braking device 1 of this embodiment can also be attached to fenders at ports, shock-absorbing bollards on railways, bumpers for heavy machinery such as forklifts, mobile equipment controlled by artificial intelligence (AI), and the like.

[0026] In the following, in this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2(a), a case where a braking device 1 is installed in a building M in which a seismic isolation device E is arranged will be mainly described. In a building M in which a seismic isolation device E is arranged between the building M and a foundation B to suppress the transmission of earthquake vibrations, deformation occurs in the seismic isolation layer in which the seismic isolation device E is arranged during an earthquake (see Fig. 2(b)).

[0027] In a building M with a seismic isolation structure, if an unexpected large earthquake occurs that exceeds the level assumed during structural design, excessive deformation will occur in the seismic isolation layer as shown in Figure 2(b), causing the building M to collide with the surrounding retaining wall M4 or causing excessive deformation of the seismic isolation device E, which could damage the seismic isolation layer. Therefore, in order to suppress such excessive deformation of the seismic isolation layer, the braking device 1 of this embodiment is installed.

[0028] 1 and 3, the braking device 1 of this embodiment includes a pair of slider portions 2, 2 that move in the direction in which an external force acts, a spring portion 3 interposed between the pair of slider portions 2, 2, a core portion 4 inserted into a hollow portion 3a of the spring portion 3, and a main body portion 5. Here, Fig. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of the braking device 1 split in half at the center in the thickness direction to show the internal structure, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the braking device 1. In Fig. 3, the upper side of a fastening portion 52, which will be described later, is shown by a two-dot chain line.

[0029] The pair of slider sections 2, 2 are each formed in the same wedge-like shape and are arranged line-symmetrically. The slider section 2 is formed in the shape of a quadrangular prism that is approximately trapezoidal in plan view, tapering toward the tip side in the direction of application of the external force (see the arrow in Figure 8). In other words, the approximately rectangular rear end surface of the slider section 2 becomes the action surface 23, and when the action surface 23 is pressed, the slider section 2 moves toward the main body section 5.

[0030] Here, the side surface of the slider portion 2 formed by the oblique side of the trapezoid in plan view is defined as a tapered surface 21. The spring portion 3 is interposed between the side surfaces formed by the lower sides of the trapezoid in plan view of the pair of slider portions 2, 2 arranged line symmetrically.

[0031] That is, the cylindrical spring portion 3 is arranged so that the direction of expansion and contraction is approximately perpendicular to the direction in which the external force acts. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, a rectangular columnar core portion 4 having a smaller outer diameter than the cylindrical hollow portion 3a of the spring portion 3 is inserted into the cylindrical hollow portion 3a of the spring portion 3. More specifically, the core portion 4 is formed to have an outer diameter slightly smaller than the hollow portion 3a so that it can also perform a guide function. The core portion may also be cylindrical.

[0032] The core part 4 is formed in the shape of a rectangular column or square tube of a certain length, and both ends pass through through-holes 22 in the slider part 2 and are fixed to the main body part 5. These through-holes 22 are formed to be larger than the outer peripheral surface of the core part 4. More specifically, the through-holes 22 are formed in a space of a size that does not hinder movement of the slider part 2 in the direction in which an external force is applied. In other words, the slider part 2 can move (slide) without being restricted by the core part 4 within a set movable range.

[0033] On the other hand, the spring part 3 into which the core part 4 is inserted expands and contracts along the core part 4 when the slider part 2 moves in the direction of the external force. In addition, the spring part 3 and the slider part 2 are not joined together, but are merely interposed by a washer 34. Therefore, if the force moving the slider part 2 in the direction of the external force is strong, sliding with frictional resistance occurs between the spring part 3 and the slider part 2 via the washer 34, and energy is absorbed.

[0034] When the slider portion 2 is moved in the direction in which an external force acts, the spring portion 3 expands and contracts along the axial direction of the core portion 4. In other words, when at least one of the pair of slider portions 2, 2 is pushed against the acting surface 23 and moves in the direction in which an external force acts, the movement is controlled by the main body portion 5 to cause the spring portion 3 to contract.

[0035] The main body 5 is provided to fix both ends of the core part 4 and to control the moving direction of the slider part 2. The main body 5 includes a pair of guide parts 51, 51 that come into contact with the tapered surface 21 of the slider part 2, a fastening part 52 that prevents the guide parts 51, 51 from spreading, and an attachment part 53 for installing the braking device 1.

[0036] The guide portion 51 is formed in a wedge shape, similar to the slider portion 2. That is, the guide portion 51 is formed in the shape of a quadrangular prism that is a roughly trapezoid in plan view, tapering on the side opposite the direction in which the external force acts, or in the shape of a triangular prism that is a roughly right-angled triangle in plan view. The tapered surface 511 of the guide portion 51 and the tapered surface 21 of the slider portion 2 come into contact with each other, and sliding with frictional resistance occurs between the tapered surfaces 21, 511.

[0037] In short, when the acting surface 23 of the slider portion 2 is pressed, the slider portion 2 moves along the tapered surface 511 of the guide portion 51 in the direction in which the external force acts and in the direction in which the spring portion 3 contracts.

[0038] Here, both ends of the core part 4 are accommodated and fixed in recesses 512 provided in the guide part 51. That is, the recesses 512 are formed in a space of approximately the same size as the outer shape of the core part 4, and the ends of the core part 4 are fitted into the recesses 512. In addition, a lid part 41 is attached to the guide part 51 to prevent the core part 4 from slipping out of the recesses 512.

[0039] That is, the pair of slider portions 2, 2 and the spring portion 3 are movable within a range sandwiched between the pair of guide portions 51, 51 of the main body portion 5. As shown in Fig. 3, the tips of the guide portions 51, 51 are connected by a pair of fastening portions 52, 52 arranged opposite each other in the thickness direction of the braking device 1 so that the distance between the guide portions 51, 51 does not widen due to the force acting when the slider portion 2 moves.

[0040] Next, the configuration and restoring force characteristics of the spring portion 3 will be described with reference to Figures 4 and 5. The spring portion 3 arranged in the braking device 1 of this embodiment is formed by combining a plurality of disc spring materials with different rigidities.

[0041] 4 shows a configuration in which three types of disc spring materials with different stiffness are stacked. In detail, from the bottom, four first disc spring materials 31, four second disc spring materials 32, and six third disc spring materials 33 are stacked.

[0042] The first disc spring material 31, the second disc spring material 32, and the third disc spring material 33 have different rigidities due to differences in material thickness and material. Here, the first disc spring material 31, the second disc spring material 32, and the third disc spring material 33 are arranged in order of increasing rigidity. The rigidity of the entire spring portion 3 can also be adjusted by changing the number of disc spring materials (31, 32, 33) stacked on top of each other.

[0043] Fig. 5 is a graph illustrating the restoring force characteristics of the increased rigidity type of the spring section 3. The spring section 3 configured as described above can increase its rigidity as the deformation increases, so that it can gradually apply brakes as the deformation of the seismic isolation layer increases, for example.

[0044] Point A in Fig. 5, where the load acting on the spring portion 3 is 0 (kN) and the deformation is 0 (mm), indicates the initial state as shown in Fig. 4. When a load that contracts (compresses) the spring portion 3 is applied, the third disc spring material 33, which has the lowest rigidity, is the main deformed up to point B.

[0045] If the load acting on the spring portion 3 increases beyond point B, the second disc spring material 32 will be primarily deformed up to point C, and once point C is exceeded, the first disc spring material 31, which has the highest rigidity, will be primarily deformed. This restoring force characteristic of the spring portion 3, in which the rigidity of the entire system increases stepwise as the deformation increases, is called the rigidity increasing type.

[0046] The braking device 1 of this embodiment performs braking by utilizing the restoring force characteristics of the contracted spring portion 3. Furthermore, in the braking device 1 of this embodiment, energy is also absorbed by the sliding that occurs between the main body portion 5 and the slider portion 2 and between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2.

[0047] As described above, when the action surface 23 of the slider portion 2 is pressed and starts to move in the direction of the external force, sliding with frictional resistance occurs between the tapered surface 21 of the slider portion 2 and the tapered surface 511 of the guide portion 51 that contacts it. In addition, sliding with frictional resistance also occurs between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2 via the washer 34.

[0048] The magnitude of the frictional resistance (friction coefficient) at this time can be set as desired by processing the tapered surfaces 21, 511 or by inserting a washer 34. The restoring force of the compressed spring portion 3 presses the tapered surface 21 of the slider portion 2 against the tapered surface 511 of the guide portion 51, thereby increasing the frictional force. The increase in frictional force due to the restoring force of the compressed spring portion 3 also occurs between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2.

[0049] 7, the magnitude of the frictional force can also be adjusted by the angle θ of the tip side of the slider portion 2. The smaller the angle θ, the more the deformation amount of the spring portion 3 can be amplified, but if the angle θ is too small, the frictional force will increase and the spring portion 3 may not be able to return to its original state. Therefore, the angle θ is set to about 10° to 45°, for example, 25°.

[0050] Fig. 6 is a graph illustrating the restoring force characteristics of the braking device 1, including friction. The dashed line in the graph shows the restoring force characteristics of only the spring portion 3 described in Fig. 5. When the frictional forces generated between the tapered surfaces 21 and 511 and between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2 are added to this, the restoring force characteristics can be set as shown by the solid line.

[0051] In terms of the restoring force characteristics of the braking device 1, including friction, when the active surface 23 of the slider portion 2 is pressed and begins to move in the direction of the external force, the frictional forces between the tapered surfaces 21, 511 and between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2, and the contraction of the third disc spring material 33, result in a behavior that is more rigid than when only the spring portion 3 is used.

[0052] This behavior of greater rigidity than that of the spring portion 3 alone continues as long as the deformation increases. Furthermore, as the deformation increases, the amount of contraction of the spring portion 3 increases and the restoring force also increases, so the frictional forces between the tapered surfaces 21 and 511 and between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2 also increase.

[0053] Then, when the external force decreases and the spring portion 3 begins to restore (extend), the restoring force of the braking device 1 decreases by the amount of friction between the tapered surfaces 21, 511 and between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2, thereby increasing the amount of energy absorption. If the friction is further increased and the braking device 1 restores more slowly than the building M, the entire area enclosed by the dashed line during compression becomes the energy absorption amount, allowing for greater energy absorption.

[0054] Next, the operation of the braking device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 7 to 9. Figure 7 is a side view illustrating the initial state of the braking device 1. As shown in Figure 2(a), for example, the braking device 1 is attached to a hanging part M2 that hangs down from the underside of a beam member M1 such as a foundation beam or a floor beam to a seismic isolation layer on which the seismic isolation device E is arranged.

[0055] More specifically, as shown in Figure 7, the braking device 1 is attached to the side of the hanging portion M2 by screwing bolts or the like into the mounting portions 53 that protrude upward and downward. In other words, the main body portion 5 serves as a fixed portion in terms of its relative position within the braking device 1. To stabilize performance, an initial compression force is applied to the spring portion 3, placing it in a slightly compressed state. This initial compression force is adjusted so that a large impact force is not generated when the braking device 1 starts to operate.

[0056] Fig. 8 is a side view illustrating the operating state of the braking device 1. As shown in Fig. 2(b), when an earthquake occurs and the shaking of the foundation B increases, the braking device 1 comes into contact with the protrusion 6, which serves as a reaction force part and is provided to protrude from the foundation B into the seismic isolation layer.

[0057] At this time, it is the action surface 23 of the slider portion 2 that comes into contact with the protrusion 6. The arrows in Fig. 8 indicate the direction of action of the external force received from the protrusion 6. When the external force presses one or both of the pair of slider portions 2, 2 toward the main body portion 5, the slider portion 2 moves in the direction of action of the external force.

[0058] At this time, the core part 4 does not move, and the spring part 3 moves in the direction of the external force while sliding against the slider part 2. In other words, since the core part 4 is passed through the larger through-hole 22 of the slider part 2, the slider part 2 can move without restriction as long as it is within the space of the through-hole 22.

[0059] Furthermore, since the slider sections 2, 2 move along the tapered surface 511 of the guide section 51, the upper slider section 2 moves down and the lower slider section 2 moves up. In other words, the gap between the pair of slider sections 2, 2 narrows, causing the spring section 3 to contract.

[0060] FIG. 9 is a side view illustrating the state of the braking device 1 at maximum deformation. When the core portion 4 abuts against the wall surface of the through-hole 22 of the slider portion 2, or when the tip 24 of the slider portion 2 abuts against the middle surface 55 of the main body portion 5 due to its shape, the slider portion 2 cannot be pushed any further in the direction of action of the external force (black arrow). When the movement of the slider portion 2 stops, the spring portion 3 cannot be compressed any further, and this state represents the maximum deformation amount (contraction amount) of the spring portion 3. Alternatively, if the spring portion 3 has fully contracted first, the slider portion 2 can no longer be pushed in the direction of action of the external force (black arrow), and the braking device 1 reaches its maximum deformation state.

[0061] On the other hand, when the external force pressing the acting surface 23 toward the main body portion 5 is removed, the spring portion 3 expands due to its restoring force, causing a movement that widens the gap between the pair of slider portions 2, 2, and the slider portions 2, 2 and spring portion 3 to return to their initial state as shown in Figure 7.

[0062] Next, the operation of the braking device 1 and the seismic isolation structure for a building according to this embodiment will be described. The braking device 1 of this embodiment configured as described above includes the spring portion 3 whose expansion and contraction direction is substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the external force acts (see the arrow in FIG. 8).

[0063] When an external force acts on the slider section 2 and causes it to move, the spring section 3 contracts, and energy is absorbed by sliding with frictional resistance between the tapered surfaces 21, 511 of the main body section 5 and the slider section 2, and between the spring section 3 and the slider section 2. This sliding occurs under the action of the restoring force of the spring section 3, so energy can be absorbed more efficiently by pressing the tapered surface 21 against the tapered surface 511 and by pressing the spring section 3 against the slider section 2.

[0064] This provides excellent energy absorption performance. In addition, the mechanism for expanding and contracting the spring portion 3 provides excellent recovery performance and allows for repeated use. In particular, the disc spring material (31, 32, 33) is resistant to plastic deformation even after deformation, so even after the braking device 1 is activated by a major earthquake, it can be used repeatedly without any deterioration in performance due to plastic deformation.

[0065] Furthermore, the pair of slider sections 2, 2 are attached to the braking device 1 so that they can move independently. Therefore, even if torsional deformation occurs in the seismic isolation layer on which the braking device 1 is installed, causing only one slider section 2 to be pushed forward, the braking device 1 can still function effectively.

[0066] Furthermore, if the sliding surface of the slider part 2 is formed as a tapered surface 21 that tapers toward the tip when the spring part 3 moves to contract, the movement of the slider part 2 is continuously converted into the contraction of the spring part 3, thereby enabling smooth braking.

[0067] Furthermore, because the direction of expansion and contraction of the spring portion 3 is approximately perpendicular to the direction in which the external force acts, the length of the braking device 1 in the direction in which the external force acts can be shortened. For example, if disc spring material, which has a small amount of deformation per piece, is used, many disc spring materials (31, 32, 33) would be incorporated to achieve a certain level of displacement, but because they are simply stacked in the vertical direction approximately perpendicular to the direction in which the external force acts, it is possible to prevent the braking device 1 from becoming too long in the direction in which the external force acts. For this reason, a compact braking device 1 can be installed in various locations, even in a seismic isolation pit, which serves as a seismic isolation layer and whose installation range is often limited by piping and the like.

[0068] Furthermore, if the spring portion 3 is formed by combining disc spring materials (31, 32, 33) with different rigidities, it can be set to have a restoring force characteristic of increasing rigidity, allowing for gentle damping. In other words, if a spring portion 3 is used in which the rigidity of the entire system increases stepwise as deformation increases, not only can the generation of initial impact force be suppressed, but damping can also be performed against excessive deformation.

[0069] Furthermore, if a core part 4 having an outer shape that allows it to fit tightly into the hollow part 3a of the spring part 3 is inserted, the spring part 3 and the core part 4 can move together in the direction of the external force, thereby suppressing tilting or eccentricity of the spring part 3 during movement. In other words, if a core part 4 having an outer shape that is slightly smaller than the hollow part 3a of the spring part 3 is inserted, even if the hollow part 3a shrinks when the spring part 3 is deformed, it can be fitted together tightly and integrated without interfering with the expansion and contraction of the spring part 3.

[0070] Furthermore, by placing a washer 34 between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2, the coefficient of friction can be adjusted by the material of the washer 34. Furthermore, by increasing the contact surface with the washer 34, the slider portion 2 can be moved smoothly.

[0071] The seismic isolation structure of building M in this embodiment has a braking device 1 installed in the seismic isolation layer where the seismic isolation device E is placed, and is equipped with a reaction force section for activating the braking device 1 before a predetermined amount of deformation occurs in the seismic isolation layer or the seismic isolation device E.

[0072] 10 is a diagram illustrating the operating range of the braking device 1 in the seismic isolation structure of the building M of this embodiment. The braking device 1 is activated by coming into contact with a protrusion 6 that protrudes upward from the foundation B.

[0073] If the distance between the end face of beam member M1 of building M and retaining wall M4 installed around building M is L2, then it is necessary to activate braking device 1 to absorb the energy of a major earthquake before deformation of L2 or more occurs in the seismic isolation layer. Therefore, the distance L1 between the operating surface 23 of braking device 1 and the contact surface 61 of protrusion 6 is set smaller than L2.

[0074] Specifically, distance L1 is set so that the sum of distance L1 and the maximum deformation of braking device 1 is smaller than L2. By setting distance L1 in this way, even if a major earthquake occurs that is greater than anticipated at the time of design, it is possible to prevent building M from colliding with the surrounding retaining walls M4 and to prevent damage such as tensile fracture or buckling caused by excessive deformation of seismic isolation device E or damper material.

[0075] In addition, when the braking device 1 is activated, the rigidity of the seismic isolation layer gradually increases, making it possible to suppress deformation of the seismic isolation layer while suppressing the amplification of the response acceleration of the building M located above.

[0076] 11 to 15 are diagrams illustrating installation examples 1-4 of the braking device 1 in the seismic isolation structure of the building M of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 11, the protrusion 6 can be provided by an H-shaped steel beam with its lower end buried in the foundation B.

[0077] For example, as in installation example 1 shown in Fig. 11, the braking device 1 can be installed at the center in the longitudinal direction of the beam member M1 provided between footing members M3, M3 supported by the seismic isolation device E. The braking devices 1 are installed on both side surfaces of the hanging part M2 that hangs down from the underside of the beam member M1.

[0078] A protrusion 6 with a contact surface 61 is provided facing each of the two braking devices 1. In order for the seismic isolation device E to fully function, the distance L1 between the operating surface 23 of this braking device 1 and the contact surface 61 of the protrusion 6 must be such that contact does not occur within the range of deformation of the seismic isolation layer due to an earthquake of the scale assumed at the time of design.

[0079] In Installation Example 2 shown in Fig. 12, braking devices 1 are installed on one side of hanging part M2, which is joined to the side of footing member M3 and the underside of beam member M1. A protrusion 6 is provided on the center side of beam member M1 for each braking device 1. Other configurations, such as the setting of distance L1, are the same as those in Installation Example 1.

[0080] 13, a protrusion 6 having contact surfaces 61, 61 on both sides is provided directly below the center of the beam member M1, and braking devices 1, 1 are installed in positions facing the respective contact surfaces 61, 61. Other configurations, such as the setting of the distance L1, are the same as those in installation example 1.

[0081] The distributed arrangement of the braking device 1 as in installation example 1-3, the angle θ at the tip side of the slider portion 2 of the braking device 1, the frictional resistance (friction coefficient) between the tapered surfaces 21, 511, and the restoring force characteristics of the spring portion 3 can be set based on the restoring force characteristics of the entire seismic isolation layer.

[0082] 14 and 15 shows an installation example 4 in which a retaining wall M4 is used as a reaction part of the braking device 1. Structural members of the building M, such as beam members M1 and footing members M3, are provided on top of the seismic isolation layer of the building M, and the sides of the structural members that appear on the outer periphery are positioned opposite the retaining wall M4.

[0083] Therefore, the braking device 1 is attached to the side surface of the outer beam member M1 so that the acting surface 23 protrudes toward the retaining wall M4 beyond the side surface of the footing member M3, which is the outermost surface. Meanwhile, a contact surface M41 is formed on the wall surface of the retaining wall M4 using a steel plate or the like.

[0084] With this configuration, in the event of a major earthquake greater than that anticipated at the time of design, the operating surface 23 of the braking device 1 will come into contact with the retaining wall M4, but the energy absorption of the braking device 1 can prevent a collision that would damage the retaining wall M4, footing member M3, etc. In other words, even if contact occurs with the retaining wall M4, the operation of the braking device 1 can suppress the generation of impact force.

[0085] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, but the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention are included in the present invention.

[0086] For example, in the above embodiment, the braking device 1 has been mainly described as being installed in a building M with a seismic isolation structure, but the present invention is not limited to this. In addition to the fenders and buffer-type car stops described above, the braking device 1 of this embodiment can also be used for wall connections for construction tower cranes, for dealing with displacement of scaffolding, for braking on the lowest floor of construction elevators, and as a collision interference device at the end of an overhead crane. The braking device 1 of this embodiment can also be used as a vibration-proofing material for home appliances such as washing machines, a damper material for contact parts of robots, and an extension mechanism for tension rods, etc.

[0087] In addition, in the above embodiment, the spring portion 3 is formed by combining three types of disc spring material (31, 32, 33) with different rigidities, but this is not limited to this, and the spring portion can also be formed by combining multiple coil spring materials, square spring materials, rubber materials, or similar materials with different rigidities.

[0088] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, a case has been described in which the braking device 1 is installed on the upper side of the seismic isolation layer and the reaction part is provided on the lower side (foundation B side), but this is not limited to this, and it is also possible to install the braking device 1 on the lower side of the seismic isolation layer and provide the reaction part on the upper side.

[0089] In addition, in the above embodiment, a configuration in which a washer 34 is interposed between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2 is described, but this is not limited to this, and the end face of the spring portion 3 can also be in direct contact with the slider portion 2.

[0090] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, a configuration in which a gap is provided between the hollow portion 3a of the spring portion 3 and the core portion 4 has been described, but this is not limited thereto, and the hollow portion 3a and the core portion 4 may be of approximately the same size. Even in this configuration, the spring portion 3 can expand and contract along the core portion 4, causing sliding between the spring portion 3 and the slider portion 2. [Explanation of symbols]

[0091] 1: Braking device 2: Slider section 21: Tapered surface 23 :Action surface 3: Spring part 3a: Hollow part 31: First disc spring material (disc spring material) 32: Second disc spring material (disc spring material) 33: Third disc spring material (disc spring material) 34: Washer 4: Core part 5: Main body 51: Guide section 511: Tapered surface 6: Protrusion (reaction part) M: Building E: Seismic isolation device M1: Beam member (structural member) M3: Footing member (structural member) M4: Retaining wall (reaction section)

Claims

1. A braking device for absorbing energy generated by an external force, a pair of slider portions that move in the direction in which an external force acts; a spring portion interposed between the pair of slider portions and having an expansion / contraction direction substantially perpendicular to the action direction; a core portion that is inserted into a hollow portion of the spring portion and that enables each of the pair of slider portions to move; a main body portion that fixes both ends of the core portion and controls the moving direction of the slider portion, A braking device characterized in that when an external force acts on the slider portion and causes it to move in the direction of action, the gap between the pair of slider portions narrows, causing the spring portion to contract, and energy absorption by sliding occurs between the main body portion and the slider portion and between the spring portion and the slider portion.

2. The braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the slider portion has a tapered surface that narrows toward the tip when the spring portion moves to contract, and sliding occurs between the slider portion and the tapered surface of the main body portion.

3. 3. The braking device according to claim 1, wherein the spring portion is formed by combining disc spring materials or coil spring materials having different rigidities.

4. A braking device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the core material portion having an outer shape that allows it to fit tightly into the hollow portion of the spring portion is inserted into the hollow portion of the spring portion, and a washer is interposed between the spring portion and the slider portion.

5. A seismic isolation structure for a building in which a seismic isolation device is arranged, The braking device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is installed in a seismic isolation layer in which the seismic isolation device is arranged; A seismic isolation structure for a building, characterized in that it is equipped with a reaction force section for activating the braking device before a predetermined level of deformation occurs in the seismic isolation layer.

6. The braking device is installed on the upper or lower side of the seismic isolation layer, The seismic isolation structure for a building according to claim 5, characterized in that a protrusion serving as the reaction force portion is provided at a position facing the surface of the slider portion to which the external force acts.

7. 6. The seismic isolation structure for a building according to claim 5, wherein the damping device is provided on a side surface of a structural member supported by the seismic isolation device or on a wall surface opposite the side surface.

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