Control device and control method

Abstract

To provide a control device capable of distinguishing between deterioration of combustion due to withered garbage and deterioration of combustion due to low-quality garbage and detecting such deterioration. [Solution] The control device is a control device for waste incineration equipment and is equipped with a height acquisition means for acquiring the height of the waste layer in the furnace, an LHV acquisition means for acquiring the LHV of the waste to be fed into the furnace before the waste is fed, an O2 concentration acquisition means for acquiring the oxygen concentration in the furnace, a determination means for using the waste layer height, the LHV, and the oxygen concentration to distinguish between deterioration of combustion due to waste drying up and deterioration of combustion due to the feeding of difficult-to-burn waste and determining whether combustion has deteriorated, and a control means for controlling to increase the amount of waste supplied if it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to the waste drying up, and for controlling to promote combustion of the waste if it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to the feeding of difficult-to-burn waste.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a control device and a control method. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a method for estimating the waste's characteristics based on the estimated waste height or waste temperature, by installing a radiation thermometer downstream of the direction of waste transport by a stoker equipped with a drying zone, a combustion zone, and a post-combustion zone. The radiation thermometer measures the temperature distribution detected by the radiation thermometer, and the waste's height is estimated based on the temperature distribution. For example, the method describes that if the temperature of the waste dropping from the drying zone is low, the waste is estimated to have a high moisture content and be difficult to burn. Understanding the waste's characteristics allows for adjustments to the waste's feed rate by the stoker and the amount of combustion air supplied, thereby improving combustion efficiency. However, the method described in Patent Document 1 determines the waste's quality when the waste passes through the drying zone after being introduced into the furnace, which leaves the possibility that the determination will not be completed in time for combustion control in the next combustion zone, or that the deterioration of combustion will not be sufficiently improved.

[0003] Furthermore, factors that cause waste combustion to deteriorate include (1) waste starvation (insufficient combustible content) and (2) partial misfires or delayed ignition due to the addition of low-quality waste (difficult-to-burn waste with low LHV or high moisture content). The required response for (1) and (2) is different, and taking the opposite action will further deteriorate combustion. Patent Document 1 does not disclose a method for distinguishing between (1) and (2) and estimating the properties of waste. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 08-106509 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In order to perform highly accurate combustion control, technology is required that can distinguish between dead garbage and low-quality garbage.

[0006] The present disclosure provides a control device and a control method that can solve the above problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The control device of the present disclosure Combustion equipment A control device comprising: a height acquisition means for acquiring the height of the waste layer in the furnace; an LHV acquisition means for acquiring the LHV of the waste to be put into the furnace before the waste is put into the furnace; and an O2 concentration acquisition means for acquiring the oxygen concentration in the furnace. a furnace outlet side temperature acquisition means for acquiring the temperature of gas discharged from the furnace; and a steam flow rate acquisition means for acquiring the flow rate of steam generated by a heat recovery boiler provided in the combustion equipment; Using the garbage layer height, the LHV, and the oxygen concentration, the deterioration of combustion due to the garbage being depleted, the deterioration of combustion due to the addition of hard-to-burn garbage, Combustion deterioration due to other causes, and a control means for increasing the amount of waste supplied when it is determined that the combustion has deteriorated due to the introduction of less combustible waste, and a control means for promoting the combustion of the waste when it is determined that the combustion has deteriorated due to the introduction of less combustible waste. If it is determined that the combustion has deteriorated due to a cause other than those mentioned above, the waste is stirred. a control means; The judgment means judges that combustion has deteriorated due to the waste drying up when the garbage layer height is below a threshold value and the oxygen concentration is above a threshold value; judges that combustion has deteriorated due to the addition of difficult-to-burn garbage when the LHV is below a threshold value; and judges that combustion has deteriorated due to causes other than those mentioned above when the oxygen concentration is above a threshold value, the temperature of the gas discharged from the furnace drops below a threshold value, and the steam flow rate drops below a threshold value.

[0008] The control method of the present disclosure is Combustion equipment A control method for obtaining the height of the waste layer in the furnace. Steps to The LHV of the waste to be put into the furnace is obtained before the waste is put into the furnace. Steps to , and obtain the oxygen concentration in the furnace. Steps to , A step of acquiring a temperature of gas discharged from the furnace; and a step of acquiring a flow rate of steam generated by a heat recovery boiler provided in the combustion equipment; Using the garbage layer height, the LHV, and the oxygen concentration, the deterioration of combustion due to the garbage being depleted, the deterioration of combustion due to the addition of hard-to-burn garbage, Combustion deterioration due to other causes, Distinguishing between these and determining whether combustion has deteriorated Steps to take When it is determined that the combustion has deteriorated due to the depletion of the waste, control is performed to increase the amount of waste supplied, and when it is determined that the combustion has deteriorated due to the addition of less combustible waste, control is performed to promote the combustion of the waste. and step (3), in which, in the determining step, if the garbage layer height is less than a threshold value and the oxygen concentration is equal to or greater than the threshold value, it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to the garbage drying up; if the LHV is less than the threshold value, it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to the addition of the difficult-to-burn garbage; and if the oxygen concentration is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the temperature of the gas discharged from the furnace drops below the threshold value, and the steam flow rate drops below the threshold value, it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to causes other than those mentioned above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the control device and control method of the present disclosure, it is possible to distinguish and detect deterioration in combustion due to waste depletion and deterioration in combustion due to low-quality waste. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a combustion facility according to an embodiment. FIG. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a grate according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a control device according to the embodiment. [Figure 4A] This is the first diagram showing the flow of waste combustion inside the furnace. [Figure 4B] This is a second diagram showing the flow of waste combustion inside the furnace. [Figure 5] 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of combustion control according to the embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a hardware configuration of a control device according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, components having the same or similar functions will be assigned the same reference numerals. Further, duplicate descriptions of those components may be omitted. The following embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention according to the claims. Furthermore, not all of the combinations of features described in the embodiments are necessarily essential to the solution of the invention.

[0012] In this disclosure, "based on XX" means "based on at least XX" and may include cases where it is based on other elements in addition to XX. Furthermore, "based on XX" is not limited to cases where XX is used directly, but may also include cases where XX has been calculated or processed. In this disclosure, "XX or YY" is not limited to either XX or YY, but may include both XX and YY. This also applies when there are three or more optional elements. "XX" and "YY" are arbitrary elements (e.g., arbitrary information).

[0013] In this application, "acquire" is not limited to actively acquiring by sending a transmission request, but may also include passively receiving information transmitted from another device. Furthermore, "acquire" is not limited to directly acquiring target information (information to be acquired) from the outside, but may also include generating and acquiring target information by performing calculations or processing on information acquired from the outside.

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments described below, for convenience of explanation, the side where the furnace body 30 is located relative to the hopper 21 described below is defined as the "rear" and the opposite side as the "front." Note that for convenience of explanation, the upstream side of the waste transport direction may be referred to as the "front" and the downstream side of the transport direction as the "rear." Furthermore, the "front side" may be referred to as the "front furnace side" and the "rear side" as the "end of furnace side." Furthermore, "left" and "right" are defined based on the direction from the hopper 21 toward the furnace body 30.

[0015] <Embodiment> The control of the waste combustion equipment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings. (Overall configuration of combustion equipment) FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a combustion facility according to an embodiment. For example, the combustion facility 1 is a stoker furnace for incinerating materials S, such as municipal solid waste and industrial waste. Note that the combustion facility 1 is not limited to a stoker furnace and may be another type of combustion facility. For ease of explanation, the "materials to be incinerated" may be referred to as "waste" below. For example, the combustion facility 1 includes a control device 2, an incinerator 3, a heat recovery boiler 4, a cooling tower 5, a dust collector 6, a flue 7, and a chimney 8.

[0016] The incinerator 3 is a furnace that combusts the collected incineration materials S that are fed from a storage section (not shown) that temporarily stores the collected incineration materials S. Exhaust gas is generated in the incinerator 3 as the incineration materials S are burned inside the incinerator 3. The generated exhaust gas is sent to a heat recovery boiler 4 located on top of the incinerator 3. The heat recovery boiler 4 heats the water and generates steam by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas generated in the incinerator 3 and water. The exhaust gas that passes through the heat recovery boiler 4 is cooled in a cooling tower 5 and then sent to a dust collector 6. After soot and dust are removed from the exhaust gas in the dust collector 6, it is discharged into the atmosphere through a flue 7 and a chimney 8.

[0017] The incinerator 3 includes, for example, a supply mechanism 20, a furnace body 30, a stoker 40, a discharge chute 43, a plurality of wind boxes 50a to 50e, a furnace 60, a blower mechanism 70, a first EGR nozzle 91, and a second EGR nozzle 93.

[0018] The supply mechanism 20 temporarily stores the material to be incinerated S fed from a storage section (not shown) and sequentially feeds it toward the treatment space V of the furnace main body 30 (described later). The supply mechanism 20 has, for example, a hopper 21, a feeder 22, an LHV meter 23, and a sprinkler system 24. The LHV meter is installed at the bottom of the hopper 21 and measures the LHV (Lower Heating Value) [kJ / kg] of the waste immediately before it is fed into the furnace after it has been crushed by the waste above it in the hopper 21 and has lost moisture. The measured LHV value is output to the control device 2.

[0019] The hopper 21 is a storage section provided to supply the materials to be incinerated S into the furnace body 30. The hopper 21 has an inlet section for the materials to be incinerated S to be introduced, and an outlet section that leads to the treatment space V of the furnace body 30, which will be described later. The materials to be incinerated S are introduced into the hopper 21 after being carried by a crane.

[0020] The feeder 22 is provided at the bottom of the hopper 21. The feeder 22 is formed, for example, in the shape of a plate that fits along the bottom of the hopper 21. The feeder 22 is driven by the control device 2 and is capable of reciprocating movement in a direction from the hopper 21 toward the treatment space V of the furnace body 30. The feeder 22 pushes the materials S to be incinerated that have accumulated inside the hopper 21 toward the treatment space V of the furnace body 30. The LHV measuring device 23 is a measuring device that detects the LHV of the materials S to be incinerated that are fed into the hopper 21. The sprinkler device 24 is a device that adjusts the moisture content of the materials S to be incinerated by sprinkling water on the materials S to be incinerated.

[0021] The furnace body 30 is provided adjacent to the hopper 21 and is a facility for burning the materials to be incinerated S while transporting them. Hereinafter, the transport direction of the materials to be incinerated S in the combustion facility 1 will be referred to as the "transport direction D." The transport direction D may also be referred to as the "depth direction."

[0022] The furnace body 30 has, from upstream to downstream in the conveying direction D, a drying stage 30a, a combustion stage 30b, and a post-combustion stage 30c, in this order. The furnace body 30 conveys the incineration material S from upstream to downstream while combusting it. The drying stage 30a is located upstream of the combustion stage 30b and the post-combustion stage 30c, and is a region where the incineration material S supplied from the hopper 21 is dried prior to combustion on the stoker 40. The combustion stage 30b and the post-combustion stage 30c are regions where the incineration material S, dried after passing through the drying stage 30a, is combusted on the stoker 40. In the combustion stage 30b, diffusion combustion occurs due to pyrolysis gases generated from the incineration material S, generating a flame F. In the post-combustion stage 30c, fixed carbon combustion occurs after diffusion combustion of the incineration material S, so no flame F is generated.

[0023] The furnace body 30 has, for example, an in-furnace temperature sensor 31 and an in-furnace pressure sensor 35. The in-furnace temperature sensor 31 is, for example, a thermocouple, and detects the temperature inside the furnace body 30 (sometimes referred to as "inside the furnace"). The in-furnace pressure sensor 35 detects the pressure inside the furnace body 30. A plurality of in-furnace temperature sensors 31 may be provided. The positions of the in-furnace pressure sensor 35 and the in-furnace temperature sensor 31 are not limited to these, and they may be provided at other positions.

[0024] The furnace body 30 has, for example, a visible light camera 32 and an infrared camera 33. The visible light camera 32 and the infrared camera 33 photograph the interior of the furnace body 30. For example, the visible light camera 32 and the infrared camera 33 are provided at the downstream end of the furnace body 30 in the conveying direction D (hereinafter referred to as the "furnace foot") and photograph the area from the furnace foot to the upstream side in the conveying direction D. The imaging results of the visible light camera 32 and the infrared camera 33 are transmitted to the control device 2.

[0025] The stoker 40 includes multiple grates 41. The multiple grates 41 form a stoker surface 40a, which is the bottom surface of the furnace body 30. The material to be incinerated S is supplied in layers to the stoker surface 40a by the supply mechanism 20. The stoker surface 40a is provided across the drying stage 30a, combustion stage 30b, and post-combustion stage 30c described above. The multiple grates 41 include a fixed grate and a movable grate. The fixed grate is fixed to the upper surface of the wind boxes 50a to 50e, which will be described later. The movable grate moves back and forth at a constant speed along the transport direction D, stirring and mixing the material to be incinerated S on the movable grate and the fixed grate (on the stoker surface 40a) while transporting it downstream.

[0026] The multiple grates 41 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The multiple grates 41 consist of multiple pairs of movable grates 41a and fixed grates 41b, each pair consisting of a movable grate 41a and a fixed grate 41b. Each movable grate 41a reciprocates in the direction of arrow 41c, while the fixed grate 41b remains fixed and does not move. The surfaces (stoker surfaces 40a) of the movable grates 41a and fixed grates 41b on which waste is loaded are inclined relative to the transport direction of the incineration material S so that the incineration material S is lifted, and the inclination angle θ of the loading surface is in the range of 0°<θ≦20°. While the incineration material S is transported from left to right on the stoker surface 40a, the control device 2 reciprocates the movable grate 41a in the direction of arrow 41c. As a result, the incineration material S is transported to the right side of the paper. In this embodiment, in addition to this normal control, the reciprocating speed of the movable grate 41a is rapidly increased depending on the characteristics of the waste (in the case of low-quality waste). As a result, the incineration materials S loaded on the movable grate 41a move in the direction indicated by the arrow 41d. That is, among the incineration materials S loaded on the stoker surface 40a, the waste on the bottom side is blown up and moves toward the surface, covering the waste on the surface side, while the waste previously on the surface side moves toward the bottom side. In other words, a counterclockwise rotation flow occurs, causing the burned waste (bottom side) to cover the newly added waste (top side), improving the combustion promotion effect. The counterclockwise rotation occurs because the vertical wall 41e exists at the end of the stoker 40 and the grate 41 is oriented diagonally upward. The incineration materials S on the surface side do not burn as much as those on the bottom side. The alternating arrangement of moving grates and static grates creates a movement that pushes the ignited waste on the surface into the lower layers of the waste (= promoting combustion in the middle layer), and as the ignited waste on the surface sinks into the middle layer, it continues to burn within the waste layer, which has the effect of promoting combustion in the middle layer. By performing this reciprocating movement at high speed while the incineration material S is being transported, the incineration material S can be agitated and burned evenly.

[0027] The discharge chute 43 is a device that drops the incineration material S that has been burned and turned into ash into an ash push-out device located below the furnace body 30. The discharge chute 43 is provided at the end of the furnace body 30.

[0028] The multiple wind boxes 50a to 50e are provided below the stoker 40 and supply primary air for combustion into the furnace body 30 through the stoker 40. In this embodiment, the multiple wind boxes 50a to 50e are arranged side by side in the conveying direction D, corresponding to, for example, the multiple fire grates 41. The wind box 50a is provided with a wind box pressure sensor 51a that detects the pressure inside the wind box 50a. The pressure inside the wind box 50a corresponds to the pressure of the primary air supplied from the wind box 50a to the furnace body 30. Similarly, the wind boxes 50b, 50c, 50d, and 50e are provided with wind box pressure sensors 51b, 51c, 51d, and 51e, respectively. The wind boxes 50a to 50e may be collectively referred to as wind boxes 50, and the wind box pressure sensors 51a to 51e may be collectively referred to as wind box pressure sensor 51.

[0029] The furnace 60 extends upward from the top of the furnace body 30. The furnace 60 is located above the grate 41, and post-combustion gas flows into it. That is, exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the incineration material S in the furnace body 30 flows through the furnace 60 to the heat recovery boiler 4. A furnace outlet temperature sensor 36 is provided on the outlet side of the furnace 60 to measure the temperature of the gas discharged from the furnace 60. A flow rate sensor 37 is provided on the inlet side of the heat recovery boiler 4 to measure the flow rate of the exhaust gas, and a flow rate sensor 38 is provided on the outlet side of the heat recovery boiler 4 to measure the amount of steam generated by the heat recovery boiler 4. In this embodiment, the heat recovery boiler 4 is configured to be able to measure the boiler drum level, which indicates the water level in the heat recovery boiler 4. The furnace 60 includes a front wall 60a located in front of the space through which the exhaust gas flows and a rear wall 60b located in the rear of the space through which the exhaust gas flows. The front wall 60a and the rear wall 60b each extend vertically, for example. If the upstream side in the transport direction of the incineration material S is referred to as the front and the downstream side in that transport direction as the rear, the furnace 60 has a front ceiling section 55 extending forward from the furnace 60, a rear ceiling section 57 extending rearward from the furnace 60, and a rear wall 59 extending downward from the rear end of the rear ceiling section 57. This space is referred to as the primary combustion chamber. The space connected to the outlet side of the primary combustion chamber and constituting the lower part of the furnace 60 is referred to as the secondary combustion chamber.

[0030] The blower mechanism 70 supplies combustion air to the inside of the furnace body 30 and the furnace 60. The blower mechanism 70 includes, for example, a blower 71, a primary air line 72, an air preheater 73, a secondary air line 74, a damper 75, and an air flow sensor 76.

[0031] The blower 71 is a forced draft blower that pressurizes and sends combustion air into the furnace body 30 and the furnace 60. The blower 71 includes, for example, a first blower 71A and a second blower 71B. The first blower 71A pressurizes and sends primary air for combustion into the furnace body 30 (e.g., the treatment space V, the primary combustion chamber) through a primary air line 72 and multiple air boxes 50a to 50e. The second blower 71B pressurizes and sends secondary air for combustion into the furnace 60 (e.g., the treatment space V', the secondary combustion chamber) through a secondary air line 74.

[0032] The primary air line 72 connects the first blower 71A and the multiple air boxes 50a-50e. One or more (for example, multiple) primary air dampers 75A are provided along the primary air line 72. In this embodiment, the multiple primary air dampers 75a-75e are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the multiple air boxes 50a-50e. The primary air damper 75a changes the flow rate of primary air flowing from the primary air line 72 into the air box 50a corresponding to the primary air damper 75a, depending on the opening degree of the primary air damper 75a. The same applies to the primary air dampers 75b-75e.

[0033] The air preheater 73 is a heat exchanger that preheats the primary air that is pressure-fed from the first blower 71A. For example, the air preheater 73 is provided midway along the primary air line 72. The air preheater 73 has a preheat temperature sensor 73a that detects the temperature of the preheated primary air.

[0034] The secondary air line 74 connects the second blower 71B and the furnace 60. In this embodiment, the secondary air line 74 has a first supply port 74a and a second supply port 74b. The first supply port 74a opens to the front wall 60a of the furnace 60 and supplies secondary air from the front wall 60a to the space inside the furnace 60 (exhaust gas flow path). On the other hand, the second supply port 74b opens to the rear wall 60b of the furnace 60 and supplies secondary air from the rear wall 60b to the space inside the furnace 60 (exhaust gas flow path). One or more (e.g., multiple) secondary air dampers 75B are provided in the secondary air line 74.

[0035] The air flow sensor 76 detects the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the furnace body 30 and the furnace 60. The air flow sensor 76 includes, for example, a first air flow sensor 76A and a second air flow sensor 76B. The first air flow sensor 76A is provided in the primary air line 72 and detects the flow rate of primary air supplied through the primary air line 72. The second air flow sensor 76B is provided in the secondary air line 74 and detects the flow rate of secondary air supplied through the secondary air line 74. The first air pressure sensor 77 detects the pressure of combustion air supplied to the furnace body 30. The first air pressure sensor 77 is provided in the primary air line 72 and detects the pressure of primary air supplied through the primary air line 72.

[0036] The gas sensor 81 is a sensor that detects components in the exhaust gas. The gas sensor 81 can detect, for example, the oxygen concentration (hereinafter referred to as "O2 concentration"), carbon monoxide concentration (hereinafter referred to as "CO concentration") (unburned content), carbon dioxide concentration (hereinafter referred to as "CO2 concentration"), or NOx concentration contained in the exhaust gas, the air ratio in the primary combustion zone, etc. The gas sensor 81 is provided, for example, in the flue 7, but may also be provided inside the chimney 8 or in another location (for example, a location where post-combustion gas can be detected, such as the outlet side of the heat recovery boiler 4).

[0037] The first EGR nozzle 91 is provided in an area of ​​the rear ceiling portion 57 rearward of the center of the rear ceiling portion 57 in the transport direction of the material to be incinerated S, or on the rear wall 59 extending downward from the rear end of the rear ceiling portion 57. The first EGR nozzle 91 discharges EGR, air, or EGR mixed with air forward.

[0038] The second EGR nozzle 93 is provided in a position forward of the first EGR nozzle 91 in the rear ceiling portion 57. The second EGR nozzle 93 discharges EGR, air, or EGR mixed with air (an example of a second combustion gas) from the rear ceiling portion 57 toward the drying stage 30a or the combustion stage 30b. The second EGR nozzle 93 is equipped with an angle adjustment mechanism 97 that can change the direction in which the EGR is discharged.

[0039] (Control device) Next, the control device 2 will be described. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the control device 2. The control device 2 acquires measurement values ​​from various sensors (inner furnace temperature sensor 31, visible light camera 32, infrared camera 33, inner furnace pressure sensor 35, furnace outlet temperature sensor 36, flow rate sensor 37, flow rate sensor 38, wind box pressure sensor 51, preheating temperature sensor 73a, air flow rate sensor 76, first air pressure sensor 77, gas sensor 81, and boiler drum level of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 4) provided in the combustion equipment 1, and controls the combustion equipment 1. For example, the control device 2 controls the combustion of the material to be incinerated S in the furnace body 30. The control device 2 has various functions, but only the functions related to the control according to this embodiment will be described.

[0040] The control device 2 includes a height acquisition unit 2a, an LHV acquisition unit 2b, an O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c, a combustion determination unit 2d, and a control unit 2e. The height acquisition unit 2a acquires the height of the garbage layer stacked on the stoker 40. The garbage height acquisition unit 2a estimates the height of the garbage layer inside the furnace 30 based on an image of the furnace interior 30 captured by the infrared camera 33. In images captured by the infrared camera 33 at a certain wavelength, the garbage stacked on the stoker 40 appears black. Markers are previously determined for characteristic points and structures inside the furnace that will be included in the images captured by the infrared camera 33, and the distance (height) of the mark from the stoker surface 40a is measured. The height acquisition unit 2a then estimates the height of the garbage layer stacked on the stoker 40 based on the relative position of the mark in the image and the upper end of the black portion (garbage layer). Furthermore, there is a relationship between the garbage layer height and the pressure loss of the primary air caused by the garbage layer. That is, the higher the garbage layer height, the greater the pressure loss. For a given opening of the primary air damper 75, the higher the garbage layer height, the lower the pressure measured by the furnace pressure sensor 35. To determine the pressure loss in the waste layer, the pressure measured by the furnace pressure sensor 35 is subtracted from the pressure measured by the wind box pressure sensor 51, and then the pressure loss due to the stoker 40 is subtracted from the resulting value. The remainder is considered to be the pressure loss in the waste. However, in reality, when primary air passes directly overhead through the wind boxes 50, leakage may occur in adjacent downstream wind boxes 50 or other leakage may occur. Therefore, simply measuring the difference in vertical pressure measurements alone cannot accurately determine the pressure loss in the waste layer, and the waste layer height estimation based on pressure loss may also be inaccurate. Therefore, in this embodiment, the pressure loss in the waste layer is estimated taking into account leakage between the wind boxes, and the waste layer height is estimated based on the estimated pressure loss. The height acquisition unit 2a then estimates the waste layer height from the image and corrects the waste layer height estimated from the image using the waste height estimated from the pressure loss. Note that this embodiment is not limited to the method of correcting the garbage layer height estimated from an image with the garbage layer height estimated from pressure loss, and the height estimated from an image may be used as the garbage layer height, or the height estimated from pressure loss may be used as the garbage layer height.

[0041] For example, a ventilation test is performed to analyze in advance the relationship between the pressure measured by the first air pressure sensor 77, the opening of the primary air dampers 75a-75e, the pressure measured by the wind box pressure sensors 51a-51e, the pressure loss of the primary air dampers 75a-75e, the vertical flow rate of primary air taking into account the leakage flow rate of primary air between adjacent wind boxes 50 (the wind boxes 50a-50e have holes, so that if there is a pressure difference between adjacent wind boxes 50, primary air will flow to the adjacent wind box 50), the pressure loss of the fire grate 41, the pressure loss of the garbage layer, and the pressure measured by the in-furnace pressure sensor 35. The relationship between the pressure loss due to the garbage layer and the garbage height is also analyzed in advance. A model or formula is created that outputs the garbage layer height, taking into account leakage between wind boxes, when inputting, for example, the primary air flow rate measured by the air flow sensor 76, the pressure measured by the first air pressure sensor 77, the opening of the primary air dampers 75a-75e, and the pressure measured by the furnace pressure sensor 35. During operation of the combustion equipment 1, the height acquisition unit 2a acquires the pressure measured by the first air pressure sensor 77, the opening of the primary air dampers 75a-75e, and the pressure measured by the furnace pressure sensor 35, and estimates the garbage layer height based on pressure loss using the model or formula created in advance. The garbage layer height estimated from the image is then corrected using the garbage layer height estimated from the pressure loss, for example by calculating a weighted sum of the garbage layer height estimated from the image and the garbage layer height estimated from the pressure loss.

[0042] In this way, by considering the leakage between the wind boxes, the operation of the adjacent primary air damper does not affect the garbage layer height estimation, improving the accuracy of the garbage layer height estimation. When modeling the garbage layer height due to pressure loss, the garbage permeability (how much primary air passes through the garbage) is related to the pressure loss, and the garbage permeability varies depending on the garbage. Therefore, the garbage layer height can be estimated from the garbage permeability and the pressure loss of the garbage layer. In this case, the garbage permeability can be estimated by assuming that it correlates with the predicted LHV value (described below) and taking the permeability into account. Alternatively, the change in permeability can be expressed as a moving average, and the garbage layer height can be estimated by calculating the ratio of the moving average permeability to the current permeability value, thereby reducing the influence of the change in permeability. Alternatively, the garbage layer height can be estimated using the infrared camera 133 and compared with the layer height due to pressure loss to estimate the garbage permeability. The differential value of the garbage layer height can be obtained and used as an index value representing the trend of the garbage layer height change. By estimating the garbage height, if combustion deteriorates even though the garbage layer has become relatively higher after garbage has been added, it can be assumed that low-quality garbage has been added, and this can be used as a detector for low-quality garbage.In addition, by combining this with the LHV described below, it can be assumed that the deterioration in combustion is due to the addition of low-quality garbage.

[0043] The LHV acquisition unit 2b proactively acquires the LHV of the waste before it is thrown into the furnace. For example, the LHV acquisition unit 2b acquires the LHV of the waste measured by the LHV meter 23. After the LHV measurement, the waste in the hopper 21 has a 20 to 30 minute lead time before it is thrown into the furnace, and by controlling combustion based on the LHV measured by the LHV meter 23, it is possible to prepare equipment that has a control response delay (e.g., air preheater 73). The LHV acquisition unit 2b may also predict the LHV of the waste using an LHV software sensor. For example, the LHV acquisition unit 2b acquires the pressure measured by the furnace pressure sensor 35, the temperature measured by the furnace temperature sensor 31, the boiler drum level of the heat recovery boiler 4, the gas flow rate measured by the flow rate sensor 37, and the steam flow rate measured by the flow rate sensor 38, and constructs a learning model by deep learning or other methods that learns the relationship between these acquired data and the measured LHV of the waste. This learning model is referred to as the LHV soft sensor. During operation of the combustion equipment 1, the LHV acquisition unit 2b acquires the pressure measured by the furnace pressure sensor 35, the temperature measured by the furnace temperature sensor 31, the boiler drum level of the heat recovery boiler 4, the gas flow rate measured by the flow rate sensor 37, and the steam flow rate measured by the flow rate sensor 38, and inputs this acquired data into the LHV soft sensor to obtain a predicted LHV value. The applicant's verification has confirmed that the LHV soft sensor can predict the LHV of the waste in the furnace for the future (e.g., approximately 10 minutes from now). Furthermore, the density of the waste at the bottom of the hopper 21 may be calculated to predict the LHV, or the density of the waste at the bottom of the hopper 21 may be added to the parameters to be input to the LHV software sensor. In this way, by detecting the LHV in advance using the LHV measuring instrument 23 or the LHV software sensor before the waste is put into the furnace, it is possible to prepare the furnace for a combustion-promoting state (for example, by heating the primary air using the slow-response air preheater 73) before the waste enters the furnace.Instead of the conventional method of using the average LHV value at the time of crane input (predicting LHV using the crane weight and volume) or the state of the upper part of the hopper 21 (evaluating the moisture content using an infrared camera, for example), the control values ​​within the furnace can be determined precisely by constantly detecting the LHV of the waste after it has been squeezed out at the bottom of the hopper 21 and the predicted future LHV value using an LHV software sensor.

[0044] The O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c acquires the O2 concentration in the furnace. For example, the O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c acquires images captured by the visible light camera 32, pressure measured by the furnace pressure sensor 35, temperature measured by the furnace temperature sensor 31, steam flow rate measured by the flow sensor 37, and concentrations of gas components, including O2, detected by the gas sensor 81. The O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c then constructs a learning model by deep learning or other methods that learns the relationship between the acquired images, pressure, temperature, steam flow rate, and O2 concentration. This learning model is referred to as an O2 soft sensor. During operation of the combustion equipment 1, the O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c acquires images captured by the visible light camera 32, pressure measured by the furnace pressure sensor 35, temperature measured by the furnace temperature sensor 31, and steam flow rate measured by the flow sensor 37, and inputs this acquired data into the O2 soft sensor to predict the O2 concentration. Using the O2 soft sensor, the O2 concentration after the outlet of the furnace body 30 can be predicted in advance. The O2 soft sensor is used to detect the deterioration of the fuel. If the O2 level increases, it is assumed that combustion is deteriorating, allowing for early detection of the deterioration of the fuel.

[0045] The combustion determination unit 2d evaluates the combustion status of the waste and, if combustion is deteriorating, determines whether the cause is (1) waste starvation (insufficient waste), (2) low-quality waste (waste with low LHV or high moisture content, which is difficult to burn), or (3) other reasons. If the waste layer height estimated by the height acquisition unit 2a falls below a threshold and the O2 concentration estimated by the O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c increases above a threshold, the combustion determination unit 2d (1) determines that combustion is deteriorating due to waste starvation. Furthermore, if the LHV estimated by the LHV acquisition unit 2b falls below a threshold, the combustion determination unit 2d (2) predicts that combustion is deteriorating due to low-quality waste. Furthermore, if the O2 concentration estimated by the O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c increases, the temperature measured by the furnace outlet temperature sensor 36 decreases, and the steam flow rate measured by the flow rate sensor 37 decreases, the combustion determination unit 2d (3) determines that combustion is deteriorating due to other causes.

[0046] The control unit 2e controls the opening of the primary air dampers 75a-75e, the reciprocating motion of the movable grate 41a, and the stroke length and speed (dust feeding speed) of the feeder 22. Increasing the opening of the primary air dampers 75a-75e increases the amount of primary air supplied, promoting waste combustion. Increasing the speed of the reciprocating motion of the movable grate 41a agitates the waste and promotes combustion, but continuing to increase the speed will result in a large amount of waste being transported without being burned, resulting in unburned waste. Increasing the stroke length of the feeder 22 or increasing the dust feeding speed will promote combustion unless the waste is low-quality, but if too much waste is fed into the furnace, unburned waste will be generated. The control unit 2e performs control according to the cause of the deterioration of combustion based on the judgment of the combustion judgment unit 2d.

[0047] For example, if (1) the waste is determined to be depleted, the control unit 2e increases the stroke length of the feeder 22 and increases the dust feeding speed, thereby increasing the amount of waste supplied. This prevents deterioration of combustion and stabilizes the evaporation flow rate. Furthermore, operating the feeder 22 at high speed increases inertia, facilitating waste input and avoiding the phenomenon of empty dumping, where no waste is introduced even when the waste is pushed. The extent to which the stroke length is increased and the extent to which the dust feeding speed is increased may be determined in accordance with the LHV. This prevents the inadvertent feeding of large amounts of low-LHV waste (low-quality waste). To avoid excessive waste supply, the control to increase the stroke length of the feeder 22 and increase the dust feeding speed may be limited to only one or two pushes of the feeder 22. This allows the minimum required amount of combustion to be achieved, enabling operation with a low processing volume.

[0048] For example, if the waste is determined to be low-quality (2), the control unit 2e reduces or temporarily stops the feeder 22's feed rate to prevent excessive waste input. The control unit 2e also predicts the waste's quality in advance using the LHV meter 23 and LHV software sensor, and activates the air preheater 73, which has a control delay, to begin raising the temperature of the primary air before the waste is input. Then, when the waste is input, the control unit 2e increases the opening of the most upstream primary air damper 75a to increase the supply of heated primary air. The control unit 2e also briefly accelerates the reciprocating motion of the grate 41 to agitate the waste layer and promote combustion. This control differs from conventional control, which aims to increase the waste conveying speed to reduce retention time and waste layer height. Instead, this control aims to promote combustion by agitating the waste and increasing contact between already burned and unburned waste. The control unit 2e temporarily rapidly increases the speed of the movable grate 41a and reciprocates it, but only to the extent that the average waste conveying speed of the stoker 40 does not increase. This allows dry waste in the lower layer to be sent to the surface layer at high speed, before moisture from the wet waste in the middle layer can transfer to the dry waste in the lower layer. In the surface layer, waste is heated by radiation from the flame, and if dry, it ignites, promoting combustion. Furthermore, ignited and burned waste is sent to the middle layer before it burns out, promoting combustion. To achieve this, it is important to agitate the waste layer at high speed. To prevent the average waste transport speed from increasing, for example, the movable grate 41a is operated at high speed for 2–3 minutes, and then stopped for the next 3–4 minutes. This operation is repeated to adjust the average transport speed to the desired value. Furthermore, if the movable grate 41a continues to reciprocate at a high speed, excessive combustion will occur, increasing the amount of unburned carbon monoxide (CO) in the gas phase. To prevent this, in this embodiment, ignition is considered a recovery of the evaporation flow rate, and control to rapidly increase the speed of the movable grate 41a is not performed once the evaporation flow rate has recovered. This enables stable automatic operation even in furnaces where the penalty for generating unburned fuel (CO) is high.

[0049] Next, the flow of waste combustion in the furnace will be explained with reference to Figures 4A and 4B. Figure 4A shows the flow of waste combustion when normal waste that is not low quality is fed in. Figure 4A(a) shows the state of waste being fed in. Figure 4(b) shows the state before the waste is ignited. Figure 4A(c) shows the state after the waste has been ignited by stirring with the stoker 40. In some cases, the waste ignites before being stirred by the stoker 40. In the case of normal waste, (a) to (c) are repeated, ensuring stable combustion and a stable steam flow rate. When the combustion determination unit 2d determines (1) that the waste has run out, stable combustion can be maintained by increasing the dust feeding rate through control of the feeder 22.

[0050] FIG. 4B shows the flow of waste combustion when low-quality waste is added. First, conventional control will be explained. FIG. 4B(a) shows how waste is added. FIG. 4B(b) shows how the low-quality waste goes out of flame before ignition. FIG. 4B(c) shows how the waste dries due to stirring by the stoker 40. FIG. 4B(d) shows how the waste then ignites. For example, in the case of conventional control, which determines the amount of waste to be supplied based on the evaporation flow rate, when a decrease in steam flow rate due to ignition delay is observed in FIG. 4B(b), it may be assumed that there is not enough waste, and the steam flow rate may be further decreased by repeating (a) and (b).

[0051] In contrast, according to this embodiment, by obtaining a predicted LHV value before the time shown in FIG. 4B(a), the input of low-quality waste is predicted, and the feeder 22 is decelerated while the reciprocating speed of the movable grate 41a is rapidly increased. Furthermore, the air preheater 73 is controlled to warm the primary air, and the opening of the most upstream primary air damper 75a is increased, thereby raising the combustion air temperature and increasing the supply rate, thereby promoting combustion. This allows low-quality waste to be burned stably. Note that, in conventional control, the speed of the stoker 40 is often reduced to allow for slow combustion when dealing with waste containing a high amount of moisture. However, in this embodiment, the speed of the stoker 40 (the reciprocating speed of the movable grate 41a) is rapidly increased to agitate the waste and promote combustion.

[0052] (operation) FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of combustion control according to this embodiment. It is assumed that the following processes are repeatedly executed in parallel with the following steps S1 to S6 at their respective processing intervals: height acquisition unit 2a estimates the garbage layer height from an image captured by infrared camera 33 and corrects that height with the garbage layer height based on the garbage layer pressure loss taking into account leakage between windboxes to acquire the garbage layer height; LHV acquisition unit 2b acquires the LHV of the garbage before it is loaded into the furnace measured by LHV meter 23 and / or the predicted LHV value inside the furnace 10 minutes later using an LHV software sensor; O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c acquires the O2 concentration inside the furnace using an O2 software sensor; and control device 2 acquires measurement values ​​from various sensors installed in the combustion equipment 1. Furthermore, the following steps S1 to S6 are also repeatedly executed at a predetermined control interval while the combustion equipment 1 is in operation.

[0053] The combustion determination unit 2d determines whether or not garbage has run out (step S1). Specifically, the combustion determination unit 2d determines that garbage has run out when the garbage layer height acquired by the height acquisition unit 2a becomes less than a predetermined threshold and the O2 concentration in the furnace acquired by the O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold. If these conditions are not met, the combustion determination unit 2d determines that garbage has run out. If it determines that garbage has not run out (step S1; No), the process proceeds to step S3. If it determines that garbage has run out (step S1; Yes), the control unit 2e increases the dust feeding speed of the feeder 22 and increases the stroke length of the feeder 22 (step S2). This increases the amount of garbage supplied to the furnace, thereby eliminating garbage run out.

[0054] Next, the combustion determination unit 2d determines whether low-quality waste will be thrown in (step S3). Specifically, if the LHV acquired by the LHV acquisition unit 2b is less than the threshold, the combustion determination unit 2d determines that low-quality waste will be thrown in; otherwise, it determines that low-quality waste will not be thrown in. If it is determined that low-quality waste will not be thrown in (step S3; No), the process proceeds to step S5. If it is determined that low-quality waste will be thrown in (step S3; Yes), the control unit 2e controls the air preheater 73 to raise the temperature of the primary air to a predetermined temperature. When the temperature of the primary air rises to a predetermined temperature, or when a predetermined time has passed since the LHV acquisition unit 2b acquired an LHV value that determines the waste is low-quality (for example, 10 minutes in the case of an LHV software sensor, or 20 minutes in the case of an LHV meter 23), the control unit 2e increases the opening of the most upstream primary air damper 75a by a predetermined value, increasing the amount of primary air supplied to the waste immediately after it is placed in the furnace, slowing the dust feeding speed of the feeder 22 to a predetermined speed, and also begins control to sharply increase the speed of the stoker 40 for a short period of time. This promotes the mixing and combustion of the low-quality waste and prevents deterioration of combustion due to the low-quality waste.

[0055] Next, the combustion determination unit 2d determines whether combustion has deteriorated due to other causes (step S5). Specifically, the combustion determination unit 2d determines that combustion has deteriorated if the O2 concentration acquired by the O2 concentration acquisition unit 2c exceeds a threshold, the temperature measured by the furnace outlet temperature sensor 36 falls below a threshold, and the steam flow rate measured by the flow rate sensor 38 falls below a threshold. If these conditions are not met, the combustion determination unit 2d determines that combustion has not deteriorated. If it determines that combustion has not deteriorated (step S5; No), the flowchart of FIG. 5 ends. If it determines that combustion has deteriorated (step S5; Yes), the control unit 2e controls the stoker 40 to rapidly increase its speed for a short period of time, agitate the waste, and promote combustion. It has been confirmed that these controls can prevent combustion deterioration or quickly (instantaneously) recover from combustion deterioration.

[0056] The control illustrated in FIG. 5 is merely an example. For example, the order of steps S1 and S2 and steps S3 and S4 may be reversed. Furthermore, while the waste depletion determination in step S1 requires that the waste layer height be less than a threshold, waste depletion can occur even when the input heat and waste layer height are constant. This is because the waste layer height depends on the burnability of the waste, and the waste layer height may be maintained for waste that is difficult to burn. Therefore, the waste layer height threshold may be set to a value that allows for waste depletion determination even in such cases, and the determination in step S1 may be performed. Furthermore, the determination in step S1 may be performed when the O2 concentration in the furnace exceeds a predetermined threshold, regardless of the waste layer height. Furthermore, although the O2 concentration is compared with a threshold in step S1, the increase rate of the O2 concentration may be compared with a threshold instead of or in addition to the O2 concentration, and a determination of waste depletion may be made if the increase rate is greater than or equal to the threshold.

[0057] (effect) As described above, this embodiment enables proactive detection of signs of combustion deterioration in the furnace and stabilizes combustion. Conventional control often detects the cause of combustion deterioration using steam flow rate, temperature, and O2 concentration as indicators. However, these indicators alone show similar trends regardless of the cause, making it difficult to identify the cause of combustion deterioration. In contrast, this embodiment combines the waste layer height calculated from the pressure drop between the wind box 50 and the furnace interior, the proactive LHV prediction value (not after waste is added) from the LHV meter 23 and / or LHV software sensor at the bottom of the hopper 21, and the proactive O2 concentration measured by the O2 software sensor. This allows for the determination of whether the cause of combustion deterioration is (1) waste exhaustion or (2) low-quality waste, and allows for appropriate countermeasures to be taken depending on the cause (e.g., adding waste if waste is exhausted, or promoting ignition if low-quality waste is added). Furthermore, when promoting the combustion of the waste, the speed of the stoker 40 (the reciprocating speed of the movable fire grate 41a) can be temporarily and rapidly increased to agitate the waste and promote the combustion of the waste.

[0058] 6 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the control device. The computer 900 includes a CPU 901, a main memory device 902, an auxiliary memory device 903, an input / output interface 904, and a communication interface 905. The control device 2 described above is implemented in the computer 900. The above-described functions are stored in the auxiliary memory device 903 in the form of a program. The CPU 901 reads the program from the auxiliary memory device 903, loads it into the main memory device 902, and executes the above-described processing in accordance with the program. The CPU 901 also allocates a storage area in the main memory device 902 in accordance with the program. The CPU 901 also allocates a storage area in the auxiliary memory device 903 for storing data being processed in accordance with the program.

[0059] Alternatively, a program for implementing all or part of the functions of the control device 2 may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program may be loaded into a computer system and executed to perform processing by each functional unit. The term "computer system" as used herein includes hardware such as an OS and peripheral devices. Furthermore, if a WWW system is used, the term "computer system" also includes the homepage provision environment (or display environment). Furthermore, the term "computer-readable recording medium" refers to portable media such as CDs, DVDs, and USBs, as well as storage devices such as hard disks built into the computer system. Furthermore, if the program is distributed to the computer 900 via a communication line, the computer 900 that receives the program may load the program into the main storage device 902 and execute the above-described processing. Furthermore, the program may be for implementing part of the above-described functions, or may be capable of implementing the above-described functions in combination with a program already stored in the computer system.

[0060] As described above, several embodiments according to the present disclosure have been described, but all of these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope of the invention and its equivalents as defined in the claims, as well as in the scope and spirit of the invention.

[0061] <Additional Notes> The control device and the control method described in the embodiment can be understood, for example, as follows.

[0062] (1) The control device according to the first aspect is a control device for a waste incineration facility, and includes a height acquisition means for acquiring the height of the waste layer in the furnace, an LHV acquisition means for acquiring the LHV of the waste to be fed into the furnace before the waste is fed, an O2 concentration acquisition means for acquiring the oxygen concentration in the furnace, a determination means for using the waste layer height, the LHV, and the oxygen concentration to distinguish between combustion deterioration due to the waste being depleted and combustion deterioration due to the feeding of difficult-to-burn waste and determining whether combustion has deteriorated, and a control means for controlling to increase the amount of waste supplied if combustion deterioration is determined to be due to the waste being depleted, and for controlling to promote combustion of the waste if combustion deterioration is determined to be due to the feeding of difficult-to-burn waste. This makes it possible to distinguish between deterioration in combustion due to the depletion of garbage and deterioration in combustion due to the addition of the above-mentioned less combustible garbage.

[0063] (2) The control device according to the second aspect is a control device of (1) to (2), wherein the determining means determines that combustion has deteriorated due to the garbage drying up when the garbage layer height is less than a threshold value and the oxygen concentration is equal to or greater than the threshold value, and determines that combustion has deteriorated due to the addition of less combustible garbage when the LHV is less than the threshold value. This makes it possible to distinguish between deterioration in combustion due to the depletion of garbage and deterioration in combustion due to the addition of the above-mentioned less combustible garbage.

[0064] (3) A control device according to a third aspect is a control device according to (1) to (2), wherein the LHV acquisition means acquires the LHV of the waste measured by an LHV measuring device provided at the bottom of a hopper provided in the incineration equipment, or acquires the LHV predicted by a prediction model that predicts the LHV inside the furnace a predetermined time into the future. This allows us to obtain the LHV of the garbage before it was thrown in.

[0065] (4) A control device according to a fourth aspect is a control device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the control means agitates the waste by temporarily increasing the speed of the reciprocating motion of the grate that constitutes the stoker provided in the combustion equipment, and the agitation of the waste promotes the combustion of the waste. This allows the low-quality waste to be agitated and combustion to be promoted.

[0066] (5) The control device according to the fifth aspect is a control device of (1) to (4), wherein the height acquisition means estimates the height of the garbage layer based on the relationship between the height of the garbage layer stacked on a stoker in the furnace of the combustion equipment and the pressure loss of the primary air supplied from the bottom of the stoker toward the garbage layer due to the garbage layer, the measured value of the pressure of the primary air at the bottom of the stoker, and the measured value of the pressure at the top of the garbage layer, and the relationship is analyzed taking into account the leakage of the primary air supplied from the bottom of the stoker to areas other than the garbage layer. This allows the height of the garbage layer to be estimated taking into account leakage between windboxes.

[0067] (6) The control method according to the sixth aspect is a control method for waste incineration equipment, which includes obtaining the height of the waste layer in a furnace, obtaining the LHV of the waste to be fed into the furnace before the waste is fed, obtaining the oxygen concentration in the furnace, and using the height of the waste layer, the LHV, and the oxygen concentration to distinguish between deterioration of combustion due to the waste being depleted and deterioration of combustion due to the feeding of difficult-to-burn waste and to determine whether combustion has deteriorated.If it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to the waste being depleted, control is performed to increase the amount of waste supplied, and if it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to the feeding of difficult-to-burn waste, control is performed to promote combustion of the waste. [Explanation of symbols]

[0068] 1 combustion equipment, 2 control device, 2a height acquisition unit, 2b LHV acquisition unit, 2c O2 concentration acquisition unit, 2d combustion judgment unit, 2e control unit, 3 incinerator, 21 hopper, 22 feeder, 23 LHV measuring instrument, 24 sprinkler device, 30 furnace body, 31 furnace temperature sensor, 32 visible light camera, 33 infrared camera, 35 furnace pressure sensor, 36 furnace outlet temperature sensor, 37, 38 flow rate sensor, 40 stoker, 41 fire grate, 5 0. Wind box, 51. Wind box pressure sensor, 55. Front ceiling, 57. Rear ceiling, 59. Rear wall, 60. Furnace, 60a. Front wall, 60b. Rear wall, 70. Blower mechanism, 71. Blower, 73. Air preheater, 75. Damper, 81. Gas sensor, 91. First EGR nozzle, 93. Second EGR nozzle, 900. Computer, 901. CPU, 902. Main memory device, 903. Auxiliary memory device, 904. Input / output interface, 905. Communication interface

Claims

1. A control device for a waste incineration facility, a height acquisition means for acquiring the height of the waste layer in the furnace; an LHV acquisition means for acquiring the LHV of the waste to be input into the furnace before the waste is input; an O2 concentration acquisition means for acquiring an oxygen concentration in the furnace; a furnace outlet side temperature acquisition means for acquiring the temperature of gas discharged from the furnace; a steam flow rate acquisition means for acquiring a flow rate of steam generated by a heat recovery boiler provided in the combustion facility; A determination means for determining combustion deterioration by distinguishing between combustion deterioration due to the waste layer height, the LHV, and the oxygen concentration and combustion deterioration due to factors other than those mentioned above, and a control means for controlling the amount of waste supplied to increase when it is determined that the deterioration in combustion is due to the depletion of said waste, for controlling the amount of waste supplied to promote the combustion of said waste when it is determined that the deterioration in combustion is due to the input of said less combustible waste, and for controlling the stirring of said waste when it is determined that the deterioration in combustion is due to a cause other than the above; Equipped with The determining means determines that combustion has deteriorated due to the waste drying up when the garbage layer height is below a threshold and the oxygen concentration is equal to or greater than the threshold, determines that combustion has deteriorated due to the addition of the less combustible garbage when the LHV is below a threshold, and determines that combustion has deteriorated due to a cause other than the oxygen concentration being equal to or greater than the threshold, the temperature of the gas discharged from the furnace being lowered below a threshold, or the flow rate of the steam being lowered below a threshold, when at least one of the following occurs: the oxygen concentration is equal to or greater than the threshold, the temperature of the gas discharged from the furnace being lowered below a threshold, or the flow rate of the steam being lowered below a threshold. Control device.

2. A means for acquiring images taken by an infrared camera that photographs the inside of the furnace; a means for acquiring a measured value of the pressure of primary air supplied from the lower part of the stoker to the waste layer in the furnace at the lower part of the stoker, and a measured value of the pressure of the primary air at the upper part of the waste layer; Furthermore, The height acquisition means acquiring a height of a first waste by estimating the height of the waste included in the image by comparing it with a predetermined mark provided in the furnace included in the image; Furthermore, the height of the garbage layer is estimated based on the relationship between the height of the garbage layer stacked on the stoker and the pressure loss of the primary air due to the garbage layer, the measured value of the pressure of the primary air at the bottom of the stoker, and the measured value of the pressure of the primary air at the top of the garbage layer, thereby obtaining a second garbage height; Correcting the height of the first garbage layer by the height of the second garbage layer to obtain the garbage layer height. The control device according to claim 1 .

3. The LHV acquisition means acquires the LHV of the waste measured by an LHV meter provided at the bottom of a hopper of the combustion equipment, or acquires the LHV predicted by a prediction model that predicts the LHV in the furnace a predetermined time into the future. The control device according to claim 1 or 2.

4. the control means agitates the waste by temporarily rapidly increasing the speed of the reciprocating motion of a fire grate that constitutes a stoker provided in the combustion equipment, and the agitation of the waste promotes the combustion of the waste; The control device according to claim 1 or 2.

5. A method for controlling a waste incineration facility, comprising: Obtaining the height of the waste layer in the furnace; A step of obtaining an LHV of the waste to be charged into the furnace before the waste is charged; acquiring an oxygen concentration in the furnace; obtaining a temperature of gas exiting the furnace; acquiring a flow rate of steam generated by a heat recovery boiler included in the combustion equipment; A step of determining combustion deterioration by distinguishing between combustion deterioration due to the waste layer height, the LHV, and the oxygen concentration and combustion deterioration due to factors other than the above, and When it is determined that the deterioration of combustion is due to the depletion of the waste, a control is performed to increase the amount of waste supplied, and when it is determined that the deterioration of combustion is due to the input of the less combustible waste, a control is performed to promote the combustion of the waste; and In the determining step, if the garbage layer height is less than a threshold value and the oxygen concentration is equal to or greater than the threshold value, it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to the garbage drying up; if the LHV is less than a threshold value, it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to the addition of the less combustible garbage; and if at least one of the following occurs: the oxygen concentration is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the temperature of the gas discharged from the furnace drops below a threshold value, or the steam flow rate drops below a threshold value, it is determined that combustion has deteriorated due to a cause other than these. Control method.

Images