klystron

Abstract

To provide a klystron capable of specifying a factor of failure.SOLUTION: A klystron comprises: a negative electrode generating an electron; a pipe container having an input cavity, a middle cavity, and an output cavity; an output part that is connected to the output cavity; an output window that is provided to the output part; a corrector that captures the electron; an inlet that cools at least one of the output window, the pipe container, and the corrector, and fetches a coolant to one end; a cooling pipe having a discharge outlet discharging a coolant to the other end; a sensor that detects a temperature of the coolant in the cooling pipe, a light amount of an inner part of the pipe container, or a detection value indicating a pressure in an inner part of the pipe container; and a storage part that stores the detection value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention relates to a klystron. [Background technology]

[0002] A klystron is an electron tube used to amplify high-frequency power. It includes a cathode that generates electrons, a tube container having an input cavity, an intermediate cavity, and an output cavity, an output section connected to the output cavity, an output window provided in the output section, and a collector that captures electrons. It is known that a klystron includes a sensor to detect abnormalities. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 58-54537 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-185041 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] This embodiment provides a klystron that allows the cause of a malfunction to be identified. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] A klystron according to one embodiment includes a cathode that generates electrons, a tube envelope having an input cavity, an intermediate cavity, and an output cavity, an output section connected to the output cavity, an output window provided in the output section, a collector that captures the electrons, a cooling tube that cools at least one of the output window, the tube envelope, or the collector, and has an inlet at one end for taking in a coolant and an outlet at the other end for discharging the coolant, a sensor that detects a detection value that indicates the temperature of the coolant in the cooling tube, the amount of light inside the tube envelope, or the pressure inside the tube envelope, and a memory that stores the detection value. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0006] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a klystron according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view of the tube container and the cooling tube of FIG. 1 as seen from the collector side. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tube vessel and cooling tube taken along line BB in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cooling pipe for cooling the output window taken along line AA in FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a control configuration of the klystron according to the above embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of processing performed on the detection value by the klystron according to the embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a flowchart following FIG. 6, showing an example of processing performed by the klystron according to the embodiment on the detected value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The disclosure is merely an example, and appropriate modifications that those skilled in the art can easily make while maintaining the spirit of the invention are naturally included within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, to clarify the drawings and explanations, the width, thickness, shape, etc. of each part may be shown schematically compared to the actual embodiment, but these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the interpretation of the present invention. Furthermore, in this specification and each drawing, elements similar to those previously described with reference to the previous drawings may be designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions may be omitted where appropriate.

[0008] First, the basic concept of the embodiment of the present invention will be described. A klystron is an electron tube used to amplify radio frequency power. It comprises an electron gun section that emits electrons, a radio frequency power input section, a radio frequency power output section, a radio frequency interaction section, and a collector that captures used electrons. The radio frequency interaction section is composed of multiple resonant cavities arranged in the direction of electron propagation. The resonant cavities include an input cavity for inputting radio frequency power and an output cavity for outputting radio frequency power. The electron gun section and the radio frequency interaction section, the multiple resonant cavities that make up the radio frequency interaction section, and the radio frequency interaction section and collector section are all connected by drift tubes.

[0009] In a klystron with this configuration, electrons emitted from the electron gun pass through an input cavity with a signal input section, interact with multiple resonant cavities in front of it, and become bunched together. The kinetic energy of the bunched electrons is imparted to the input radio frequency, and the bunched electrons are decelerated in the output cavity, and are extracted from the output section as radio frequency power that has been amplified to the desired output. The high-frequency power extracted from the output section is connected to a drift tube at the user's facility and used to accelerate particles.

[0010] However, various precautions are required when operating a klystron, and failure to do so can cause serious damage to the klystron. Examples of klystron protection include interlocks to deal with discharges caused by deterioration of the vacuum in the drift tube due to discharge, temperature rises due to malfunctions in the cooling equipment, and regulators to protect against large power inflows from the equipment.

[0011] With conventional klystrons, troubleshooting required an engineer to visit the site or transport the klystron back to the manufacturer, which was costly. Furthermore, investigations sometimes failed to determine the cause of the malfunction, and even if the malfunction was due to a problem with the equipment's usage, the manufacturer would still provide a warranty, which increased costs.

[0012] Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention are intended to solve this problem and provide a klystron that allows the cause of the malfunction to be identified. Means for solving the above problem will be described below.

[0013] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a klystron according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, a klystron 1 is provided with an electron gun section 2, a high frequency interaction section 3, and a collector 4.

[0014] The electron gun section 2 includes a cathode 21 that generates electrons 20 , an anode 22 that accelerates the electrons 20 , an electron gun container 23 , an insulating section 24 , and a joint 25 . For example, a negative high voltage can be applied to the cathode 21 and the anode 22 can be grounded.

[0015] The electron gun container 23 has a cylindrical shape and surrounds the anode 22 and the vicinity of the end of the cathode 21 on the anode 22 side. The electron gun container 23 can be made of a metal such as stainless steel.

[0016] The insulating part 24 is provided to electrically insulate the cathode 21 and the anode 22. The insulating part 24 is cylindrical and surrounds the end of the cathode 21 opposite the anode 22 side. The end of the insulating part 24 on the radio frequency interaction part 3 side is airtightly connected to the end of the electron gun container 23 opposite the radio frequency interaction part 3 side. The end of the insulating part 24 opposite the radio frequency interaction part 3 side can be airtightly closed by, for example, a bottom plate 26. The insulating part 24 can be made of, for example, an insulator such as ceramics. The bottom plate 26 can be made of, for example, a metal such as stainless steel.

[0017] In one example, the joint 25 is provided at the end of the electron gun housing 23 on the tube housing 30 side. The joint 25 can be made of a metal such as stainless steel.

[0018] The high frequency interaction section 3 is provided in front of the electron gun section 2 with respect to the traveling direction of the electrons 20. The high frequency interaction section 3 is connected between the electron gun section 2 and the collector 4 in an airtight manner. The high frequency interaction section 3 includes a tube container 30 , an output section 34 , a joint 35 , an output window 36 , a discharge sensor 37 , an ion pump 38 , a transmitter 39 , and cooling pipes 50 and 51 .

[0019] The tube envelope 30 is provided on the electron 20 emission side of the electron gun envelope 23. A plurality of resonant cavities and a plurality of drift tubes are provided inside the tube envelope 30. The plurality of resonant cavities and the plurality of drift tubes are provided coaxially along the tube axis 1a of the klystron 1. In the case of the klystron 1 illustrated in FIG. 1, five resonant cavities 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, and 31e are provided side by side with the tube axis 1a at the center.

[0020] An input unit 33 for inputting high frequency power is connected to the resonant cavity 31a (input cavity) closest to the electron gun unit 2. The input unit 33 may be, for example, a coaxial cable. An output unit 34 is connected to the resonant cavity 31e (output cavity) closest to the collector 4. The output unit 34 may be, for example, a waveguide.

[0021] The output section 34 is provided with an output window 36, a discharge sensor 37, and an ion pump 38. The output window 36 is airtightly attached to the output section 34 and transmits high frequency power. The output window 36 is made of a ceramic material such as alumina (Al2O3). A cooling pipe 51 for cooling the output window 36 is arranged around the output window 36. Details of the cooling pipe 51 will be described later in the description of FIG. 4.

[0022] The discharge sensor 37 is located closer to the tube vessel 30 than the output window 36 of the output unit 34. The discharge sensor 37 is an optical sensor that detects a detection value indicating the amount of light inside the tube vessel 30. The discharge sensor 37 is attached at a position that is not easily affected by high-frequency power and can detect the amount of light inside the tube vessel 30. In one example, the discharge sensor 37 is located so that it can detect the amount of light generated in the tube vessel 30 through a hole in the output unit 34. The detection value indicating the amount of light is detected as a current value. The discharge sensor 37 is located to monitor whether light is being emitted due to discharge. For example, the discharge sensor 37 detects the detection value indicating the amount of light at intervals of several nanoseconds to several microseconds. For example, if the detection value of the discharge sensor 37 changes from 0.1 μA to 10 μA, it can be predicted that light is being emitted due to discharge. The discharge sensor 37 is provided closer to the tubular vessel 30 than the output window 36. The discharge sensor 37 may be provided on the opposite side of the tubular vessel 30 from the output window 36.

[0023] The ion pump 38 performs an evacuation operation to create a vacuum inside the tubular vessel 30. The ion pump 38 detects a detection value indicating the pressure inside the tubular vessel 30 from the current value (which corresponds to the degree of vacuum in terms of gas molecules being evacuated) during the evacuation operation. For example, if the current value increases, it can be predicted that the number of gas molecules inside the tubular vessel 30 is increasing, and the pressure is increasing. In other words, the ion pump 38 also functions as a pressure sensor. Although an example using the ion pump 38 is shown in the example, it is also possible to separately provide a vacuum pump for creating a vacuum inside the tubular vessel 30 and a pressure sensor for detecting the internal pressure. An ion gauge, for example, can be used as the pressure sensor.

[0024] The drift tubes are provided between the electron gun section 2 and the high-frequency interaction section 3, between the multiple resonant cavities, and between the high-frequency interaction section 3 and the collector 4, connecting these sections. In the case of the klystron 1 illustrated in Fig. 1, six drift tubes 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, 3e, and 32f are arranged side by side around the tube axis 1a.

[0025] The end of the drift tube 32a closest to the electron gun 2 on the electron gun 2 side faces the cathode 21. The end of the drift tube 32f closest to the collector 4 on the collector 4 side is connected to the collector 4. The tube 30 may be formed from a highly conductive metal such as copper.

[0026] The transmitter 39 transmits detection values ​​indicating physical quantities detected by the temperature sensors 60a, 60b, 61a, 61b, 62a, and 61b (the temperature sensors 60a, 60b, 61a, and 61b will be described later in connection with FIGS. 2 to 4), the pressure sensor (the ion pump 38, for example), and the discharge sensor 37 to an outside of the klystron 1 via the Internet. Here, the outside of the klystron 1 refers to, for example, a factory of the manufacturer of the klystron 1. The transmitter 39 is located in the high-frequency interaction unit 3. The location of the transmitter 39 is not limited to the high-frequency interaction unit 3, and may be located in the electron gun unit 2, for example. The klystron 1 may also be configured without the transmitter 39.

[0027] A cooling pipe 50 for cooling the tubular container 30 is disposed inside the tubular container 30. Details of the cooling pipe 50 will be described later in the description of FIGS.

[0028] In one example, the joint 35 is provided at the end of the tube vessel 30 on the electron gun vessel 23 side. The joint 35 can be made of, for example, the same material as the joint 25. The joint 35 is airtightly connected to the joint 25, and keeps the inside of the klystron 1 under vacuum.

[0029] The collector 4 is provided in front of the high frequency interaction section 3 in the traveling direction of the electrons 20. The collector 4 captures the electrons 20 that have passed through the high frequency interaction section 3. The collector 4 can convert the captured electrons 20 into heat and emit it. A cooling pipe 52 is arranged around the collector 4.

[0030] The cooling pipe 52 cools the collector 4 and has an inlet 52a at one end for taking in a refrigerant and a discharge port 52b at the other end for discharging the refrigerant. A refrigerant flows through the cooling pipe 52. The refrigerant is, for example, water. In one example, the inlet 52a and the discharge port 52b are connected to a pump P2 by piping, and the pump P2 adjusts the flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant so that the collector 4 can be cooled, and the refrigerant flows through the cooling pipe 52. Note that it is not necessary to use the pump P2 to make the refrigerant flow.

[0031] The inlet 52a is provided with a temperature sensor 62a that detects a detected value indicating the temperature of the refrigerant before heat exchange with the collector 4. The outlet 52b is provided with a temperature sensor 62b that detects a detected value indicating the temperature of the refrigerant after heat exchange with the collector 4. Here, the temperature at the inlets 50a, 51a, and 52a before heat exchange is defined as a first temperature, and the temperature at the outlets 50b, 51b, and 52b after heat exchange is defined as a second temperature. The temperature sensors 62a and 62b may detect the absolute value of the difference between the first temperature at the inlet 52a and the second temperature at the outlet 52b. The temperature sensors 62a and 62b may also detect the temperature of the surface of the cooling pipe 52. The temperature sensors 62a and 62b detect a detected value indicating the temperature, for example, at intervals of once every few seconds.

[0032] Furthermore, a focusing electromagnet 5 can be provided outside the klystron 1. The focusing electromagnet 5 can be provided so as to surround the high-frequency interaction section 3 (tube vessel 30). For example, the klystron 1 can be inserted into a hole 5a provided in the focusing electromagnet 5. A magnetic field is generated by energizing the focusing electromagnet 5. The generated magnetic field focuses the electrons 20 so that they do not collide with the inner wall of the tube vessel 30 (drift tubes 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, 32e, 32f).

[0033] Here, the operation of the klystron 1 having such a configuration will be described. Electrons 20 emitted from the electron gun section 2 (cathode 21) pass through a resonant cavity 31a provided with an input section 33, and are bunched by interactions each time they pass through a plurality of resonant cavities 31b, 31c, 31d, and 31e in front of it. The bunched electrons 20 are decelerated in the resonant cavity 31e, and high-frequency power amplified to the desired output can be extracted via the output section 34.

[0034] Fig. 2 is a plan view of the tube container and cooling pipes of Fig. 1 as seen from the collector side. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tube container and cooling pipes taken along line BB in Fig. 2. Note that Fig. 2 omits the connection between the drift tube 32f and the collector 4. Fig. 3 also shows a pump P0 for circulating the coolant.

[0035] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the cooling pipe 50 has an inlet 50a at one end for taking in a refrigerant and a discharge port 50b at the other end for discharging the refrigerant. In one example, the inlet 50a and the discharge port 50b are connected via the inside of the pipe container 30. However, the path of the cooling pipe 50 is not limited to passing through the inside of the pipe container 30. For example, the cooling pipe 50 may be installed so as to be in contact with the outer surface 30a extending along the pipe axis 1a of the pipe container 30. A refrigerant flows through the cooling pipe 50. The refrigerant is, for example, water. In one example, the inlet 50a and the discharge port 50b are connected to a pump P0 by piping. The pump P0 adjusts the flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant so that the pipe container 30 can be cooled, and the refrigerant flows through the cooling pipe 50. Note that the pump P0 does not necessarily have to be used to circulate the refrigerant.

[0036] The outlet 50a is provided with a temperature sensor 60a that detects a first temperature of the refrigerant before heat exchange with the pipe container 30. The discharge port 50b is provided with a temperature sensor 60b that detects a second temperature of the refrigerant after heat exchange with the pipe container 30. The temperature sensors 60a, 60b may detect the absolute value of the difference between the first temperature at the inlet 50a and the second temperature at the discharge port 50b. The temperature sensors 60a, 60b may also detect the temperature of the surface of the cooling pipe 50. The temperature sensors 60a, 60b detect a value indicating the temperature at intervals of, for example, once every few seconds.

[0037] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a cooling pipe 51, taken along line AA, that cools the output window 36. FIG. 4 also shows a pump P1 for circulating a refrigerant. As shown in FIG. 4, the cooling pipe 51 has an inlet 51a at one end through which the refrigerant is taken in and an outlet 51b at the other end through which the refrigerant is discharged. The cooling pipe 51 surrounds the output window 36 and is located outside the output section 34. A refrigerant flows through the cooling pipe 51. The refrigerant may be, for example, water or air. In one example, the inlet 51a and the outlet 51b are connected to a pump P1 by piping. The pump P1 adjusts the flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant so that the output window 36 can be cooled, and the refrigerant flows through the cooling pipe 51. Note that the pump P1 does not necessarily have to be used to circulate the refrigerant.

[0038] The outlet 51a is provided with a temperature sensor 61a that detects a first temperature of the refrigerant before heat exchange with the output window 36. The discharge port 51b is provided with a temperature sensor 61b that detects a second temperature of the refrigerant after heat exchange with the output window 36. The temperature sensors 61a and 61b may detect the absolute value of the difference between the first temperature at the inlet 51a and the second temperature at the discharge port 51b. The temperature sensors 61a and 61b may also detect the temperature of the surface of the cooling pipe 51. The temperature sensors 61a and 61b detect a value indicating the temperature at intervals of, for example, once every few seconds.

[0039] The temperature sensors 60a, 60b, 61a, 61b, 62a, 61b, discharge sensor 37, and pressure sensor (when pressure is detected by a sensor other than ion pump 38) described in the explanation of Figures 1 to 4 are connected to the focusing electromagnet 5, a battery (not shown), or a power source (not shown), and are supplied with the necessary power.

[0040] Next, the control configuration of the klystron 1 configured as described above will be described. Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the control configuration of the klystron 1 according to the above embodiment. As shown in Fig. 5, the klystron 1 further includes a control unit 70 and a memory unit 71. The control unit 70 is connected to the temperature sensors 60a, 60b, 61a, 61b, 62a, and 62b, the discharge sensor 37, the ion pump 38, the transmitter 39, and the memory unit 71. The connections between the control unit 70 and each sensor, the control unit 70 and the transmitter 39, and the control unit 70 and the memory unit 71 may be made by wiring or by wireless communication including short-range wireless communication (for example, Bluetooth (registered trademark)).

[0041] The control unit 70 controls the storage unit 71 and the transmission unit 39. For example, the control unit 70 can store the detection values ​​acquired by each sensor in the storage unit 71 and erase the detection values ​​stored in the storage unit 71. The control unit 70 can determine whether or not to transmit the detection values ​​acquired by each sensor to the outside of the klystron 1, and can transmit the detection values ​​to the outside of the klystron 1.

[0042] The memory unit 71 stores the detection values ​​detected by each sensor. The memory unit 71 also stores a threshold value and a storage period, which is the period for storing the detection values. The threshold value is a value that can be freely set depending on the performance and characteristics of the klystron 1. The threshold value can be set to a value corresponding to each sensor, and different values ​​can be set for each sensor. Note that the memory unit 71 does not have to store the threshold value and the storage period.

[0043] The control unit 70 determines whether to transmit the detection value to the outside of the klystron 1 based on the threshold value, and determines whether to perform an erasure process to erase the detection value stored in the memory unit 71 based on the storage period. When the control unit 70 determines not to perform the erasure process based on the storage period, the control unit 70 maintains the state in which the detection value is stored in the memory unit 71. Note that the control unit 70 may also determine whether to perform the erasure process based on the threshold value and the storage period. The klystron 1 is configured as described above.

[0044] Next, a process will be described in which the klystron 1 transmits a detection value to the outside, erases the detection value from the storage unit 71, and prohibits the erasure process of erasing the detection value from the storage unit 71. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of a process performed by the klystron 1 according to the embodiment. FIG. 7 is a flowchart following FIG. 6 showing an example of a process performed by the klystron 1 according to the embodiment. The term "sensor" used below refers to "temperature sensors 60a, 60b, 61a, 61b, 62a, 62b, discharge sensor 37, or pressure sensor (ion pump 38, as an example)." For example, "temperature sensor 60a acquires a detection value," "discharge sensor 37 acquires a detection value," etc. will be simply referred to as "a sensor acquires a detection value."

[0045] 6 and 7, when the klystron 1 transmits the detection value to the outside, erases the detection value from the storage unit 71, and starts the process of prohibiting the erasure process of erasing the detection value from the storage unit 71, first, in step S5, the threshold value and the storage period are stored in the storage unit 71. Next, in step S10, the control unit 70 acquires the detection value from the sensor and stores the detection value in the storage unit 71.

[0046] Next, in step S15, the control unit 70 determines whether or not there is a detection value (hereinafter referred to as an "abnormal detection value") exceeding a threshold value in the memory unit 71. If there is an abnormal detection value, the process proceeds to step S20. In step S20, the control unit 70 determines whether or not there are any detection values ​​that have not yet been transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1 among the abnormal detection value, the predetermined number of detection values ​​from the detection value acquired immediately before the abnormal detection value to the detection value acquired a predetermined number before the abnormal detection value, and the predetermined number of detection values ​​from the detection value acquired immediately after the abnormal detection value to the detection value acquired a predetermined number after the abnormal detection value. The predetermined number of detection values ​​are cause-specific detection values ​​for identifying the cause of a malfunction in the klystron 1. Therefore, it is preferable that the predetermined number be more than one. Furthermore, in other words, the content of step S20 determines whether or not there are any abnormal detection values ​​that have not yet been transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1 and any cause-specific detection values ​​that have not yet been transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1. If there are no abnormality detection values ​​that have not been transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1 and no cause-specific detection values ​​that have not been transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1, the process proceeds to step S30.

[0047] If there are any abnormality detection values ​​that have not yet been transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1 and any cause identification detection values ​​that have not yet been transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1 (step S20), the process proceeds to step S25, where the abnormality detection values ​​that have not yet been transmitted and the cause identification detection values ​​that have not yet been transmitted are transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1. Note that if abnormality detection values ​​have been acquired multiple times in succession, a predetermined number of detection values ​​from the detection value acquired immediately before the first acquired abnormality detection value to the detection value acquired a predetermined number of times before the abnormality detection value, and a predetermined number of detection values ​​from the abnormality detection value acquired immediately after the last acquired abnormality detection value to the detection value acquired a predetermined number of times after the abnormality detection value, are set as cause identification detection values. Then, the process proceeds to step S30.

[0048] On the other hand, if there is no abnormality detection value greater than the threshold value (step S15), the process proceeds to step S30.

[0049] In step S30, the control unit 70 determines whether there are any abnormality detection values ​​or cause identification detection values ​​for which erasure processing is not prohibited. If there are any abnormality detection values ​​or cause identification detection values ​​for which erasure processing is not prohibited, the control unit 70 proceeds to step S35, where it prohibits erasure processing for the abnormality detection values ​​or cause identification detection values ​​for which erasure processing is not prohibited. Note that if multiple abnormality detection values ​​have been acquired consecutively, the cause identification detection values ​​are determined to be a predetermined number of detection values ​​ranging from the detection value acquired immediately before the first acquired abnormality detection value to the detection value acquired a predetermined number of times before the abnormality detection value, and a predetermined number of detection values ​​ranging from the abnormality detection value acquired immediately after the last acquired abnormality detection value to the detection value acquired a predetermined number of times after the abnormality detection value. Then, the control unit 70 proceeds to step S40.

[0050] If there are no abnormality detection values ​​for which erasure processing is not prohibited and no cause identification detection values ​​for which erasure processing is not prohibited (step S30), the process proceeds to step S40.

[0051] In step S40, the control unit 70 determines whether there are any detection values ​​(hereinafter referred to as "unnecessary detection values") that have been stored in the memory unit 71 for a period exceeding the storage period. If there are any unnecessary detection values, the control unit 70 proceeds to step S45 to determine whether the unnecessary detection values ​​correspond to abnormality detection values ​​or cause identification detection values. If the unnecessary detection values ​​correspond to abnormality detection values ​​or cause identification detection values, the control unit 70 proceeds to step S55.

[0052] If the unnecessary detection value does not correspond to an abnormality detection value or a cause identification detection value, the process proceeds to step S50, where the control unit 70 performs a deletion process on the unnecessary detection value, and then the process proceeds to step S55.

[0053] On the other hand, if there are no unnecessary detected values ​​(step S40), the process proceeds to step S55, where the control unit 70 determines whether the klystron 1 is operating. If the klystron 1 is operating, the process proceeds to step S10. If the klystron 1 is not operating, the control unit 70 transmits the detected values ​​to the outside, erases the detected values ​​from the storage unit 71, and terminates the process of prohibiting the erasure process of erasing the detected values ​​from the storage unit 71. Note that even when the klystron 1 is not operating, a problem such as a deterioration in the degree of vacuum inside the tube vessel 30 due to a load (e.g., a large current) from outside the klystron 1 may occur. For this reason, step S55 may be changed to a process of proceeding to step S10 regardless of whether the klystron 1 is operating.

[0054] Note that the klystron 1 may be configured without the transmitter 39, and the detection values ​​may not be transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1. For example, in FIGS. 6 and 7, a threshold value may not be stored in step S5. In step S15, it may not be determined whether or not there is an abnormality detection value greater than the threshold value. In step S20, it may not be determined whether or not there is an abnormality detection value or a cause identification detection value that has not yet been transmitted. In step S25, the abnormality detection value or the cause identification detection value may not be transmitted to the outside of the klystron 1.

[0055] Furthermore, the klystron 1 does not need to perform the process of prohibiting the elimination process. For example, in Figures 6 and 7, it is not necessary to store a threshold value in step S5. It is not necessary to determine in step S30 whether there are any abnormality detection values ​​for which the elimination process is not prohibited and any cause identification detection values ​​for which the elimination process is not prohibited. It is not necessary to prohibit the elimination process for abnormality detection values ​​and cause identification detection values ​​in step S35. It is not necessary to determine in step S45 whether any unnecessary detection values ​​correspond to abnormality detection values ​​or cause identification detection values.

[0056] Furthermore, the klystron 1 does not need to perform an erasure process on the detection values. For example, in Figures 6 and 7, the storage period does not need to be stored in step S5. In step S40, it does not need to determine whether there are any unnecessary detection values ​​whose acquisition period exceeds the storage period. In step S50, it does not need to perform an erasure process on the unnecessary detection values.

[0057] The effects of the klystron 1 according to the above embodiment will be described. According to the klystron 1 configured as described above, the klystron includes the cathode 21, the tube container 30, the output section 34, the output window 36, the collector 4, the cooling pipes 50, 51, 52, various sensors (temperature sensors 60a, 60b, 61a, 61b, 62a, 62b, discharge sensor 37, pressure sensor (ion pump 38)), and a memory section 71. The storage unit 71 stores a plurality of detection values ​​detected by various sensors. This makes it possible to obtain a klystron that allows identification of the cause of a malfunction in the klystron 1. Furthermore, since the detection values ​​stored in the storage unit 71 are stored, the user can share them with the manufacturer.

[0058] The klystron 1 further includes a control unit 70 and a transmission unit 39, and a memory unit 71 stores a threshold value. When an abnormality detection value exceeds the threshold value among the multiple detection values, the control unit 70 transmits the abnormality detection value and the cause-specific detection value to an external device of the klystron 1. This eliminates the need to go to the site where the klystron 1 is installed or to transport the klystron 1. In other words, the cause of the malfunction can be identified early, reducing costs such as labor and transportation. Furthermore, depending on the threshold value setting, the manufacturer can suggest to the user about the operating status and replacement timing, which can reduce the risk of facility shutdowns on the user's side.

[0059] The storage unit 71 stores a storage period. The control unit 70 performs an erasure process to erase from the storage unit 71 any unnecessary detection values ​​whose acquisition period exceeds the storage period. However, if the unnecessary detection value corresponds to an abnormality detection value or a cause-specific detection value, the erasure process may be prohibited. This allows the capacity of the storage unit 71 to be saved.

[0060] The klystron 1 further includes pumps P0, P1, and P2. Temperature sensors 60a, 61a, and 62a detect a first temperature of the refrigerant before heat exchange. Temperature sensors 60a, 60b, 61a, 61b, 62a, and 62b detect the absolute value of the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature. This makes it possible to determine whether the heat generation is due to abnormal heat generation in the klystron 1 (for example, heat generation due to electrons 20 colliding with the inner surface of the tubular vessel 30) or abnormality in the equipment that circulates the refrigerant. For example, if the first temperature gradually rises from 25°C to 50°C, it can be predicted that an abnormality has occurred on the facility side, and that refrigerant at a normal temperature is not being sent to the cooling pipes 50, 51, and 52. Furthermore, if the absolute value of the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature of the cooling pipe 50 of the pipe container 30 changes from 1°C to 10°C, it can be predicted that abnormal heat generation is occurring in the pipe container 30.

[0061] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described, the above embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The novel embodiments described above can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, and are also included in the inventions and their equivalents as set forth in the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0062] 1...klystron, 2...electron gun section, 3...high frequency interaction section, 4...collector, 5...focusing electromagnet, 20...electrons, 21...cathode, 22...anode, 30...tube container, 30a...external surface, 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e...resonant cavity, 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, 32e, 32f...drift tube, 33...input section, 34...output section, 36...output window, 37...discharge sensor, 38...ion pump, 39...transmitter, 50, 51, 52...cooling tube, 50a, 51a, 52a...extraction port, 50b, 51b, 52b...discharge port, 60a, 60b, 61a, 61b, 62a, 62b...temperature sensor, 70...control section, 71...memory section, P0, P1, P2...pump

Claims

1. a cathode that generates electrons; a tube envelope having an input cavity, an intermediate cavity, and an output cavity; an output connected to the output cavity; an output window provided in the output section; a collector that captures the electrons; a cooling pipe for cooling at least one of the output window, the tube vessel, or the collector, the cooling pipe having an intake port at one end for taking in a refrigerant and a discharge port at the other end for discharging the refrigerant; a sensor for detecting a plurality of detection values ​​indicating the temperature of the refrigerant in the cooling pipe, the amount of light inside the tube container, or the pressure inside the tube container; a storage unit that stores the plurality of detection values, Klystron.

2. a control unit that acquires the plurality of detection values; a transmitter capable of transmitting the plurality of detection values ​​to an external device, the storage unit stores a threshold value; the control unit determines whether or not there is an abnormal detection value that exceeds the threshold value among the plurality of detection values, and if there is an abnormal detection value, transmits to the outside the abnormal detection value, a predetermined number of detection values ​​from the detection value acquired immediately before the abnormal detection value to the detection value acquired a predetermined number before the abnormal detection value, and a predetermined number of detection values ​​from the detection value acquired immediately after the abnormal detection value to the detection value acquired a predetermined number after the abnormal detection value.

2. The klystron of claim 1.

3. The storage unit stores a storage period, The control unit determining whether or not there is any unnecessary detected value among the plurality of detected values ​​whose acquisition period exceeds the storage period; If there is an unnecessary detected value, performing an erasure process to erase the unnecessary detected value from the storage unit; If there is no unnecessary detected value, the state in which the plurality of detected values ​​are stored in the storage unit is maintained.

3. The klystron of claim 2.

4. the control unit prohibits the erasure process for the abnormal detection value and the predetermined number of detection values.

4. The klystron of claim 3.

5. a control unit that acquires the plurality of detection values; The storage unit stores a storage period, The control unit determining whether or not there is any unnecessary detected value among the plurality of detected values ​​whose acquisition period exceeds the storage period; If there is an unnecessary detected value, performing an erasure process to erase the unnecessary detected value from the storage unit; If there is no unnecessary detected value, the state in which the plurality of detected values ​​are stored in the storage unit is maintained.

2. The klystron of claim 1.

6. the storage unit stores a threshold value; the control unit determines whether or not there is an abnormal detection value exceeding the threshold value among the plurality of detection values, and if there is an abnormal detection value, prohibits the erasure process for the abnormal detection value, a predetermined number of detection values ​​from the detection value acquired immediately before the abnormal detection value to the detection value acquired the predetermined number before the abnormal detection value, and a predetermined number of detection values ​​from the detection value acquired immediately after the abnormal detection value to the detection value acquired the predetermined number after the abnormal detection value.

6. The klystron of claim 5.

7. the sensor detecting a first temperature of the refrigerant at the intake; A klystron according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. the sensor detects an absolute value of a difference between the first temperature and a second temperature of the refrigerant at the discharge port.

8. The klystron of claim 7.

9. The cooling system further includes a pump that sends the refrigerant from one end of the cooling pipe to the other end of the cooling pipe.

9. The klystron of claim 8.

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