Smart injector turn knob

Abstract

The fluid injector system is configured to execute an injection protocol. The fluid injector system includes a housing and a controller operatively associated with a user input device and a fluid actuator. The controller includes at least one processor programmed or configured to determine an orientation of the housing, receive at least one signal from the user input device, determine a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of the housing and the at least one signal, and actuate the fluid actuator in the direction of fluid actuation. The direction of fluid actuation corresponds to at least one of actuating the fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating the fluid actuator to draw fluid into the fluid reservoir.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 704,628, filed May 19, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to fluid injector systems, and more particularly to fluid injector systems having user input devices for controlling the movement of a fluid actuator and other functions of the system. [Background technology]

[0003] In many medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, medical professionals, such as physicians or radiologists, inject one or more fluids into a patient. In recent years, numerous injector-actuated syringes and powered injectors for pressurized injection of fluids have been developed for use in procedures such as coronary angiography (CV), computed tomography (CT), molecular imaging (such as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In these procedures, fluids, such as contrast agents, can be used to highlight or enhance specific organs or parts of the body during the imaging process. Alternatively, saline, or a similar flushing agent, can be used to ensure complete injection of the contrast agent bolus or to adjust the concentration of the contrast agent.

[0004] Powered injectors include either one or two drive mechanisms, and are therefore often referred to as single-head or dual-head systems, respectively. In either case, the drive mechanism typically includes a piston and a drive element (e.g., a ball screw, etc.) for extending or retracting the piston to affect fluid delivery of the contrast agent or saline within each syringe. For example, the piston may be driven proximally within the syringe barrel to fill the syringe, and the piston may be driven distally within the syringe barrel to expel fluid during an injection procedure or to purge and / or prime the system. Piston movement during an injection procedure is typically controlled via an electronic controller (e.g., a processor). However, in some cases, it may be desirable to manually extend or retract the piston, for example, during a purge operation to ensure all air has been removed from one or more syringes and other portions of the connected fluid pathway (e.g., one or more tubing sets, administration lines, and associated catheters). For manual control, the fluid injector may have a knob mechanically connected to the piston's drive element (e.g., a ball screw).

[0005] Manual control knobs mechanically connected to drive elements have several drawbacks. First, the direction in which the control knob must be rotated to achieve the desired piston movement can vary depending on the orientation of the powered injector. Thus, an operator may inadvertently drive the piston in an unintended direction. Second, an operator must generally be in close proximity to the powered injector and thus potentially be exposed to radiation from the imaging equipment in order to actuate the control knob. In addition to these specific drawbacks, manual control knobs are generally cumbersome to operate and may not be intuitive given the limited functionality they offer. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In view of the above, there is a need for a fluid injector system having a more intuitive and functional device for manually controlling the piston. Additionally, there is a need for a method for operating such a fluid injector system and a computer program product for implementing such a method. Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a fluid injector system configured to execute an injection protocol. The fluid injector system includes a housing and a controller operatively associated with a user input device and a fluid actuator. The controller includes at least one processor programmed or configured to determine an orientation of the housing, receive at least one signal from the user input device, determine a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of the housing and the at least one signal, and actuate the fluid actuator in the direction of fluid actuation. The direction of fluid actuation corresponds to at least one of actuating the fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating the fluid actuator to draw fluid into the fluid reservoir.

[0007] In some embodiments, the fluid actuator is at least one of a piston actuator, a pump actuator, and a compression actuator.

[0008] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to determine a change in orientation of the housing and, in response to determining the change in orientation of the housing, change the direction of fluid actuation.

[0009] In some embodiments, the orientation of the housing includes a predetermined inclination relative to a neutral plane.

[0010] In some embodiments, the at least one signal from the user input device includes a rotational direction of the user input device.

[0011] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to determine a load on the fluid actuator and adjust the resistance of the user input device based on the load.

[0012] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to determine at least one characteristic of the fluid path set and adjust at least one parameter of the injection protocol based on the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set.

[0013] In some embodiments, the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set includes a compliance rating of the fluid path set or a fluid reservoir.

[0014] In some embodiments, the fluid injector system further includes a scanner configured to scan tags of the fluid path set to determine at least one characteristic of the fluid path set.

[0015] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to determine a current state of the fluid injector system and override at least one direction of movement of the fluid actuator based on the current state.

[0016] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to set a fluid actuation speed based on at least one signal from a user input device and at least one of a current state of the fluid injector system, and to actuate the fluid actuator at the fluid actuation speed.

[0017] In some embodiments, the fluid actuation rate is set proportional to the rate at which the user input device is moved.

[0018] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to receive at least one additional signal from a user input device and adjust at least one of a height and an orientation of the housing based on the at least one additional signal.

[0019] In some embodiments, the fluid injector system further includes at least one valve, and the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to actuate the valve in response to determining the direction of fluid actuation.

[0020] In some embodiments, the user input device is at least one of mounted to the housing and / or mounted remotely from the housing.

[0021] Another embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a computer program product for operating a fluid actuator of a fluid injector system configured to execute an injection protocol. The computer program product includes at least one computer-readable storage medium containing one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine an orientation of a housing of the fluid injector system, receive at least one signal from a user input device of the fluid injector system, determine a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of the housing and the at least one signal, and actuate the fluid actuator in the direction of fluid actuation. The direction of fluid actuation corresponds to at least one of actuating the fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating the fluid actuator to draw fluid into the fluid reservoir.

[0022] In some embodiments, the fluid actuator is at least one of a piston actuator, a pump actuator, and a compression actuator.

[0023] In some embodiments, the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine a change in orientation of the housing and, in response to determining the change in orientation of the housing, change a direction of fluid actuation.

[0024] In some embodiments, the orientation of the housing includes a predetermined inclination relative to a neutral plane.

[0025] In some embodiments, the at least one signal from the user input device includes a rotational direction of the user input device.

[0026] In some embodiments, the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine a load on the fluid actuator and adjust a resistance of the user input device based on the load.

[0027] In some embodiments, the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine at least one characteristic of the fluid path set and adjust at least one parameter of the injection protocol based on the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set.

[0028] In some embodiments, the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set includes a compliance rating of the fluid path set or a fluid reservoir.

[0029] In some embodiments, determining at least one characteristic of the fluid pathway set includes scanning a tag of the fluid pathway set.

[0030] In some embodiments, the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine a current state of the fluid injector system and override at least one direction of fluid movement based on the current state.

[0031] In some embodiments, the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to set a fluid actuation speed based on at least one signal from a user input device and at least one of a current state of the fluid injector system, and actuate the fluid actuator at the actuation speed.

[0032] In some embodiments, the fluid actuation rate is set proportional to the rate at which the user input device is moved.

[0033] In some embodiments, the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to receive at least one additional signal from a user input device and adjust at least one of a height and an orientation of the housing based on the at least one additional signal.

[0034] In some embodiments, the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to actuate at least one valve of the fluid injector system in response to determining the direction of fluid actuation.

[0035] Another embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a method for actuating a fluid actuator of a fluid injector system configured to execute an injection protocol. The method includes determining an orientation of a housing of the fluid injector system, receiving at least one signal from a user input device of the fluid injector system, determining a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of the housing and the at least one signal, and actuating the fluid actuator in the direction of fluid actuation. The direction of fluid actuation corresponds to at least one of actuating the fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating the fluid actuator to draw fluid into the fluid reservoir.

[0036] In some embodiments, the fluid actuator is at least one of a piston actuator, a pump actuator, and a compression actuator.

[0037] In some embodiments, the method further includes determining a change in orientation of the housing, and changing a direction of fluid actuation in response to determining the change in orientation of the housing.

[0038] In some embodiments, the orientation of the housing includes a predetermined inclination relative to a neutral plane.

[0039] In some embodiments, the at least one signal from the user input device includes a rotational direction of the user input device.

[0040] In some embodiments, the method further includes determining a load on the fluid actuator and adjusting the resistance of the user input device based on the load.

[0041] In some embodiments, the method further includes determining at least one characteristic of the fluid path set and adjusting at least one parameter of the injection protocol based on the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set.

[0042] In some embodiments, the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set includes a compliance rating of the fluid path set or a fluid reservoir.

[0043] In some embodiments, determining at least one characteristic of the fluid pathway set includes scanning a tag of the fluid pathway set.

[0044] In some embodiments, the method further includes determining a current state of the fluid injector system and disabling at least one direction of fluid movement based on the current state.

[0045] In some embodiments, the method further includes setting a fluid actuation speed based on at least one signal from a user input device and at least one of a current state of the fluid injector system, and actuating the fluid actuator at the actuation speed.

[0046] In some embodiments, the fluid actuation rate is set proportional to the rate at which the user input device is moved.

[0047] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving at least one additional signal from a user input device and adjusting at least one of a height and an orientation of the housing based on the at least one additional signal.

[0048] Various other embodiments of the present disclosure are listed in one or more of the following numbered clauses:

[0049] Clause 1. A fluid injector system configured to execute an injection protocol, the fluid injector system comprising: a housing; and a control unit operably associated with a user input device and a fluid actuator, the control unit comprising at least one processor programmed or configured to determine an orientation of the housing, receive at least one signal from the user input device, determine a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of the housing and the at least one signal, and actuate the fluid actuator in the direction of fluid actuation, the direction of fluid actuation corresponding to at least one of actuating the fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating the fluid actuator to draw fluid into the fluid reservoir.

[0050] Clause 2. The fluid injector system of clause 1, wherein the fluid actuator is at least one of a piston actuator, a pump actuator, and a compression actuator.

[0051] Clause 3. A fluid injector system as described in clause 1 or 2, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to determine a change in the orientation of the housing and change the direction of the fluid actuation in response to determining the change in the orientation of the housing.

[0052] Clause 4. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the orientation of the housing includes a predetermined inclination relative to a neutral plane.

[0053] Clause 5. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the at least one signal from the user input device includes a rotational direction of the user input device.

[0054] Clause 6. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to determine a load on the fluid actuator and adjust the resistance of the user input device based on the load.

[0055] Clause 7. A fluid injector system described in any one of clauses 1 to 6, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to determine at least one characteristic of the fluid path set and adjust at least one parameter of the injection protocol based on the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set.

[0056] Clause 8. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 7, wherein the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set includes a compliance rating of the fluid path set or the fluid reservoir.

[0057] Clause 9. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 8, further comprising a scanner configured to scan a tag of the fluid path set to determine the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set.

[0058] Clause 10. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to determine a current state of the fluid injector system and disable at least one direction of movement of the fluid actuator based on the current state.

[0059] Clause 11. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to set a fluid actuation speed based on at least one of the at least one signal from the user input device and a current state of the fluid injector system, and to actuate the fluid actuator at the fluid actuation speed.

[0060] Clause 12. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 11, wherein the fluid actuation speed is set proportional to the speed at which the user input device is moved.

[0061] Clause 13. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 12, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to receive at least one additional signal from the user input device and adjust at least one of the height and orientation of the housing based on the at least one additional signal.

[0062] Clause 14. A fluid injector system as described in any one of clauses 1 to 13, further comprising at least one valve, wherein the at least one processor is further programmed or configured to actuate the valve in response to determining the direction of fluid actuation.

[0063] Clause 15. A fluid injector system according to any one of clauses 1 to 14, wherein the user input device is at least one of mounted on the housing and mounted remotely from the housing.

[0064] Clause 16. A computer program product for operating a fluid actuator of a fluid injector system configured to execute an injection protocol, the computer program product comprising at least one computer-readable storage medium comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine an orientation of a housing of the fluid injector system, receive at least one signal from a user input device of the fluid injector system, determine a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of the housing and the at least one signal, and actuate the fluid actuator in the direction of fluid actuation, wherein the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to at least one of actuating the fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating the fluid actuator to draw fluid into the fluid reservoir.

[0065] Clause 17. The computer program product of clause 16, wherein the fluid actuator is at least one of a piston actuator, a pump actuator, and a compression actuator.

[0066] Clause 18. The computer program product of clause 16 or 17, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine a change in the orientation of the housing and change the direction of the fluid actuation in response to determining the change in the orientation of the housing.

[0067] Clause 19. The computer program product of any one of clauses 16 to 18, wherein the orientation of the housing comprises a predetermined inclination relative to a neutral plane.

[0068] Clause 20. The computer program product of any one of clauses 16 to 19, wherein the at least one signal from the user input device includes a rotational direction of the user input device.

[0069] Clause 21. A computer program product as described in any one of clauses 16 to 20, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine a load on the fluid actuator and adjust a resistance of the user input device based on the load.

[0070] Clause 22. The computer program product of any one of clauses 16 to 21, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine at least one characteristic of a fluid path set and adjust at least one parameter of the injection protocol based on the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set.

[0071] Clause 23. The computer program product of any one of clauses 16 to 22, wherein the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set includes a compliance rating of the fluid path set or the fluid reservoir.

[0072] Clause 24. A computer program product according to any one of clauses 16 to 23, wherein determining the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set comprises scanning a tag of the fluid path set.

[0073] Clause 25. The computer program product of any one of clauses 16 to 24, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to determine a current state of the fluid injector system and disable at least one direction of fluid movement based on the current state.

[0074] Clause 26. A computer program product as described in any one of clauses 16 to 25, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to set a fluid actuation speed based on at least one of the at least one signal from the user input device and a current state of the fluid injector system, and actuate the fluid actuator at the actuation speed.

[0075] Clause 27. A computer program product according to any one of clauses 16 to 26, wherein the fluid actuation rate is set proportional to the rate at which the user input device is moved.

[0076] Clause 28. A computer program product as described in any one of clauses 16 to 27, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to receive at least one additional signal from the user input device and adjust at least one of the height and the orientation of the housing based on the at least one additional signal.

[0077] Clause 29. A computer program product as described in any one of clauses 16 to 28, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the at least one processor to actuate at least one valve of the fluid injector system in response to determining the direction of fluid actuation.

[0078] Clause 30. A method for actuating a fluid actuator of a fluid injector system configured to perform an injection protocol, the method comprising the steps of determining an orientation of a housing of the fluid injector system; receiving at least one signal from a user input device of the fluid injector system; determining a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of the housing and the at least one signal; and actuating the fluid actuator in the direction of fluid actuation, wherein the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to at least one of actuating the fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating the fluid actuator to draw fluid into the fluid reservoir.

[0079] Clause 31. The method of clause 30, wherein the fluid actuator is at least one of a piston actuator, a pump actuator, and a compression actuator.

[0080] Clause 32. The method of clause 30 or 31, further comprising determining a change in the orientation of the housing; and altering a direction of the fluid actuation in response to determining the change in the orientation of the housing.

[0081] Clause 33. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 32, wherein the orientation of the housing comprises a predetermined inclination relative to a neutral plane.

[0082] Clause 34. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 33, wherein the at least one signal from the user input device includes a rotational direction of the user input device.

[0083] Clause 35. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 34, further comprising determining a load on the fluid actuator and adjusting a resistance of the user input device based on the load.

[0084] Clause 36. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 35, further comprising the steps of determining at least one characteristic of a fluid path set and adjusting at least one parameter of the injection protocol based on the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set.

[0085] Clause 37. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 36, wherein the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set includes a compliance assessment of the fluid path set or the fluid reservoir.

[0086] Clause 38. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 37, wherein determining the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set comprises scanning a tag of the fluid path set.

[0087] Clause 39. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 38, further comprising determining a current state of the fluid injector system and disabling at least one direction of fluid movement based on the current state.

[0088] Clause 40. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 39, further comprising the steps of setting a fluid actuation speed based on at least one of the at least one signal from the user input device and a current state of the fluid injector system, and actuating the fluid actuator at the actuation speed.

[0089] Clause 41. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 40, wherein the fluid actuation rate is set proportional to the rate at which the user input device is moved.

[0090] Clause 42. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 41, further comprising the steps of receiving at least one additional signal from the user input device and adjusting at least one of the height and the orientation of the housing based on the at least one additional signal.

[0091] Clause 43. The method of any one of clauses 30 to 42, further comprising the step of actuating at least one valve of the fluid injector system in response to determining the direction of fluid actuation.

[0092] Further details and advantages of the various examples described in detail herein will become apparent from a review of the following detailed description of the various examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0093] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dual-head fluid injector system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 1B] 1B is a top view of the fluid injector system of FIG. 1A showing the user input devices associated with each drive mechanism. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fluid injector system of FIGS. 1A and 1B. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rear view of the fluid injector system of FIGS. 1A and 1B. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of an electronic control unit for the fluid injector system of FIGS. 1A and 1B. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of an electronic control unit for the fluid injector system of FIGS. 1A and 1B. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method for operating a piston actuator according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Modes for carrying out the invention

[0094] For purposes of the following description, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," "left," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "lateral," "longitudinal," and derivatives thereof, shall refer to the present disclosure as shown in the drawings. When used in reference to a syringe of a single or multi-patient disposable set, the term "proximal" refers to the portion of the syringe closest to the piston for delivering fluid from the syringe.

[0095] Spatial or directional terms such as "left," "right," "inside," "outside," "above," and "below" should not be considered limiting as the present disclosure may assume various alternative orientations.

[0096] All numbers used in this specification and claims should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about." The terms "approximately," "about," and "substantially" refer to a range of ±10% of the stated value.

[0097] As used herein, the term "at least one of" is synonymous with "one or more of." For example, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" means any one of A, B, and C, or any combination of any two or more of A, B, and C. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" includes one or more of A alone, or one or more of B alone, or one or more of C alone, or one or more of A and one or more of B, or one or more of A and one or more of C, or one or more of B and one or more of C, or all one or more of A, B, and C. Similarly, as used herein, the term "at least two of" is synonymous with "two or more of." For example, the phrase "at least two of D, E, and F" means any combination of any two or more of D, E, and F. For example, "at least two of D, E, and F" includes one or more of D and one or more of E, or one or more of D and one or more of F, or one or more of E and one or more of F, or all one or more of D, E, and F.

[0098] It should also be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and described in the following specification, are merely exemplary examples of the present disclosure, and therefore specific dimensions and other physical characteristics related to the examples disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting.

[0099] When used in reference to a fluid reservoir, such as a syringe, rolling diaphragm, or multiple syringe disposable set, the term "distal" refers to the portion of the fluid reservoir closest to the patient. When used in reference to a fluid reservoir, such as a syringe, rolling diaphragm, or multiple syringe disposable set, the term "proximal" refers to the portion of the fluid reservoir closest to the injector system.

[0100] While the present disclosure is described primarily in the context of the MEDRAD® Stellant FLEX CT Injection System, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure can be applied to a variety of injection systems, including their associated disposables (e.g., syringes, tubing, etc.). Examples of such injection systems include the MEDRAD® Stellant CT Injection System, the MEDRAD® Centargo CT Injection System, the MEDRAD® MRXperion MR Injection System, the MEDRAD® Mark 7 Arterion Injection System offered by Bayer HealthCare LLC, and other commercially available single-head and multi-head injection systems.

[0101] Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, the present disclosure is generally directed to a fluid injector system, a method for operating a fluid injector system, and a computer program product for performing such a method. Referring initially to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, and 3, an example fluid injector system 1000 according to the present disclosure includes a housing 11 and at least one fluid reservoir, such as at least one syringe 12 or a fluid pump (not shown). The fluid injector system 1000 further includes drive components for controlling fluid flow into and out of the fluid reservoir, such as pistons 13 associated with each of the syringes 12 that drive plungers 14 within the barrels of the syringes 12. Each piston 13 can be independently driven by an associated fluid actuator 16, such as a linear actuator, a ball screw, a lead screw, a rack and pinion, a pump roller, or the like.

[0102] The description of the fluid injector system 1000 herein is generally directed to an embodiment in which the fluid reservoir is a syringe 12 and the drive component for controlling fluid flow includes a piston 13 and a plunger 14 operably associated with the syringe 12. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to such an embodiment. In particular, other embodiments of the system 1000 contemplated and encompassed by the present disclosure include a fluid pump as the fluid reservoir and a pump roller as the drive component. Other embodiments of the system 1000 contemplated and encompassed by the present disclosure include a bag as the fluid reservoir and a compression actuator as the drive component configured to compress the bag. Accordingly, references to a "syringe" herein should be understood to encompass any type of fluid reservoir, including syringes, fluid pumps, bags, etc. References herein to a "piston," "plunger," and "piston actuator" are similarly understood to encompass any device operably associated with a fluid reservoir and configured to control the flow of fluid into or out of the fluid reservoir. In particular, the term "fluid actuator" may be used herein to encompass one or more devices operatively associated with a fluid reservoir and configured to control the flow of fluid into or out of the fluid reservoir. Specific examples of "fluid actuator" as used herein include a piston actuator 16 configured to actuate the piston 13 by extending or retracting the piston 13 within the syringe 12, a pump roller configured to actuate a fluid pump (e.g., a peristaltic pump) by compressing tubing associated with the fluid pump, and a compression actuator configured to compress and / or squeeze a bag.

[0103] The fluid injector system 1000 is generally configured to deliver at least one medical fluid F, such as imaging contrast media, saline, or any desired medical fluid, to a patient during an injection procedure. At least one syringe 12 of the fluid injector system 1000 is configured to be filled with at least one medical fluid F. Each syringe 12 may be filled with a different medical fluid F. The fluid injector system 1000 may be a multi-syringe injector, as shown, in which several syringes 12 may be oriented side-by-side or in another spatial relationship and are separately actuated by respective pistons associated with the injector system 1000.

[0104] 1A, 1B, and 2, the fluid injector system 1000 may be used during a medical procedure to inject at least one medical fluid F into a patient's vascular system by driving a plunger 14 associated with at least one syringe 12 with at least one piston 13. The piston 13 may be reciprocally movable on the plunger 14. Upon engagement, the at least one piston 13 may move (retract) the plunger 14 toward the proximal end of the at least one syringe 12 to draw medical fluid F into the at least one syringe 12 from a bulk fluid reservoir 120, such as a vial, bottle, or intravenous bag. The at least one piston 13 may further move (extend or depress) the plunger 14 toward the distal end of the at least one syringe 12 to expel the medical fluid F from the at least one syringe 12 during a priming or fluid delivery step. The fluid injector system 1000 may further include a fluid pathway set 170 having at least one tube or tubing set configured to be in fluid communication with each syringe 12 for placing the syringe 12 in fluid communication with an administration line 176. A distal end of the administration line 176 may be configured to be in fluid communication with a catheter 178 inserted into the patient at a vascular access site. Thus, fluid communication may be established between the syringe 12 and the patient such that at least one medical fluid F can be infused from the syringe 12 into the patient.

[0105] 2 , the fluid injector system 1000 may further include at least one electronic controller 900 for controlling the actuation of the at least one piston 13 via the piston actuator 16 and for controlling other components of the fluid injector system 1000. In some embodiments, the at least one controller 900 may be housed within the housing 11. In some embodiments, the at least one electronic controller 900 may be mounted remotely from the housing 11, such as in a separate room from the housing 11, to avoid operator exposure to radiation during the performance of the diagnostic procedure. In some embodiments, the at least one electronic controller 900 may include multiple components (e.g., as described herein with reference to FIG. 4 ), some of which are housed within the housing 11 and some of which are mounted remotely from the housing 11.

[0106] The fluid injector system 1000 may be configured to perform one or more injection procedures according to one or more injection protocols stored in memory accessible by at least one controller 900. However, before performing an injection procedure, air must be evacuated or purged from the syringes 12 before connecting the fluid path sets 170 to the syringes 12. During a purge operation, the pistons 13 may be extended to their distal-most positions within the corresponding syringes 12 so that air is forced out of the syringes 12. The syringes 12 and other portions of the fluid paths 170 must then be filled. During a fill operation, the fluid path sets 170 are connected to the syringes 12, and the pistons 13 may be retracted proximally to draw medical fluid F from the bulk fluid source 120 into the syringes 12. The syringes 12 and other portions of the fluid paths 170 must then be primed. During the priming operation, the fluid injector system 1000 is typically oriented with its head (within the housing 11) facing upward, allowing air to accumulate at the tip of the syringe 12. The piston 13 may then be extended distally to depress the plunger 14 to remove the air from the syringe 12. The fluid pathway set 170 and administration line 176 must also be primed according to known practices. Once the purging, filling, and priming operations are complete, the administration line 176 can be connected to a catheter 178 inserted into the patient, and the piston 13 can be extended distally according to an injection protocol to inject medical fluid F from the syringe 12 into the patient.

[0107] With continued reference to FIG. 2 and further reference to FIG. 3 , the fluid injector system 1000 may include one or more user input devices 40 configured to enable manual control of the pistons 13 associated with the syringes 12. In some embodiments, each user input device 40 may include a rotatable knob, a rotatable dial, a lever, a slider, or another electromechanical element. In some embodiments, each user input device 40 may include a touchscreen. In some embodiments, each user input device 40 may include a microphone configured to receive voice commands from an operator. The user input devices 40 may be referred to hereinafter as “knobs 40” to avoid confusion with other components of the fluid injector system 1000. However, all references herein to “knob 40” and “knobs 40” should be understood to include, without limitation, all other embodiments of the user input devices 40 described herein. In some embodiments, each knob 40 may be associated with one of the syringes 12. Each knob 40 can be in electrical communication with at least one controller 900 such that, upon receiving at least one signal from the knob 40, the at least one controller 900 actuates the associated piston 13 via the associated actuator 16. For example, each knob 40 can be rotated in a first knob direction A (e.g., clockwise) to advance the piston 13 distally in a first piston direction C, and each knob 40 can be rotated in a second knob direction B (e.g., counterclockwise) to retract the piston 13 proximally in a second piston direction D. An operator can rotate each knob 40 in the first direction A to advance the piston 13 distally, for example, to expel air bubbles from the fluid path set 170 during a purge operation as described above. Furthermore, once the fluid path set 170 and administration line 176 are connected to the syringe 12 and primed, the operator can rotate the knob 40 in the first direction A until medical fluid F is discharged from the administration line 176 so that a wet-to-wet connection is formed when the administration line 176 is connected to the catheter 178.After fluid pathway set 170, including administration line 176, is primed and connected to catheter 178, the operator can rotate knobs 40 in direction A to manually inject medical fluid F into the patient. Additionally, the operator can rotate each knob 40 in a second direction B to retract piston 13 proximally to draw fluid into syringe 12 from bulk fluid source 120.

[0108] 2 and 3, knob 40 may be mounted or embedded anywhere on housing 11, such as on the back, side, or top of housing 11. In some embodiments, knob 40 may be mounted remotely from housing 11, such as in a separate room from housing 11, so that an operator can control piston 13 from a separate room that is not exposed to radiation during the performance of a diagnostic procedure. In some embodiments, knob 40 may be mounted or embedded in a scanner (e.g., a CT, CV, PET, or MRI imaging device) configured to perform an imaging diagnostic procedure on a patient.

[0109] 2 , the fluid injector system 1000 may include one or more user interfaces 124, such as a graphical user interface (GUI) display window. The user interface 124 may display information related to a fluid injection procedure involving the fluid injector system 1000, such as the injection status or progress, the current flow rate, the fluid pressure, and the volume remaining in the syringe 12 and in at least one bulk fluid source 120 connected to the fluid injector system 1000. The interface 124 may be in electronic communication with at least one controller 900 to allow a user to input parameters and control the process of the fluid injection procedure. The user interface 124 may include one or more of a touch screen, buttons, knobs, dials, sliders, a microphone, etc., that allow an operator to input commands and / or data for operation of the fluid injector system 1000.

[0110] 2 , the fluid injector system 1000 may further include one or more valves 302, 304, 306 disposed at various locations along the fluid path set 170. Each of the valves 302, 304, 306 may be in the form of an isolation valve and / or a flow control valve for regulating the flow of the medical fluid F to the patient. Each of the valves 302, 304, 306 may be, for example, a stopcock, a pinch valve, a duckbill valve, or the like. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , the valves 302 and 304 are provided in the fluid path set 170 between the syringe 12 and the bulk fluid source 120. The valve 306 is provided in the fluid path set 170 downstream of the valves 302 and 304.

[0111] Each of the valves 302, 304, 306 can be controllable by at least one controller 900 to regulate the flow of fluid F through the fluid pathway set 170. For example, any or all of the valves 302, 304, 306 can be closed by the controller 900 in response to the detection of air in the fluid pathway set 170. During a fill operation, the valves 302 and 304 can be actuated by the controller 900 to provide fluid communication between the syringe 12 and the bulk fluid source 120 so that the syringe 12 can draw medical fluid F from the bulk fluid source 120. The valves 302 and 304 can isolate the syringe 12 and the bulk fluid source 120 from the administration line 176 during the fill phase, preventing the syringe 12 from drawing fluid and / or air from the atmosphere. During the priming operation and injection procedure itself, valves 302 and 304 may be actuated to provide fluid communication between syringe 12 and administration line 176, allowing medical fluid F to be injected from syringe 12 into administration line 176. Valves 302 and 304 may isolate bulk fluid source 120 from syringe 12 and administration line 176 during the priming operation and injection procedure, such that medical fluid F cannot be injected into bulk fluid source 120. Valves 302 and 304 may also be selectively closed by controller 900 to prevent backflow of pressurized medical fluid F from fluid pathway set 170 to syringe 12 due to pressure and / or fluid viscosity differences between syringe 12 and fluid pathway set 170.

[0112] Further details and examples of suitable non-limiting powered injector systems, including syringes, controls, air detectors, and / or fluid path sets, are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,383,858, 7,553,294, 7,666,169, 8,945,051, 10,022,493, and 10,507,319, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0113] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3 , the housing 11 can be repositioned in space by raising and lowering the housing 11 in a linear direction H, rotating the housing 11 relative to a neutral plane NP in a rotational direction J, and pivoting the housing 11 about a vertical axis V in a rotational direction K. In FIG. 3 , the housing 11 is shown in a position in which the upper surface 11a of the housing 11 is oriented above the lower surface 11b. The housing 11 can be rotated and / or pivoted between a plurality of discrete predetermined orientations, or between an infinite number of positions, to enable optimal positioning of the fluid injector system 1000 relative to the patient, the operator, the patient's bed, and other objects in the scan room. For example, the housing 11 may be rotated approximately 180° in a direction J about the neutral plane NP from the position shown in FIG. 3 so that the lower surface 11b of the housing 11 is oriented above the upper surface 11a. Rotation of the housing 11 can affect the operator's intuition regarding which direction the knob 40 should be rotated to drive the piston 13 in a desired direction. Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a method for correlating the rotational direction of the knob 40 with the orientation of the housing 11.

[0114] Continuing to refer to FIG. 3 , in some embodiments, the knobs 40 may be continuously rotatable, i.e., freewheeling, such that rotation of each knob 40 causes movement of the corresponding piston 13 as long as the knob 40 is continuously rotated. When the operator stops rotating the knob 40, movement of the corresponding piston 13 stops. The rate of movement of the piston 13 may be proportional to the rate at which the knob 40 is rotated in direction A or B, as described in more detail herein. In some embodiments, each knob 40 may be biased toward a neutral position P, at which movement of the corresponding piston 13 stops. The knobs 40 may be biased toward the neutral position P by a spring or similar component. The rate of movement of the piston 13 may be proportional to the degree to which the knob 40 is rotated in direction A or B away from the neutral position P.

[0115] Referring now to FIG. 4 , a diagram of example components of at least one electronic controller 900 for implementing and executing the systems and methods described herein is shown, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the electronic controller 900 may include additional, fewer, different, or differently arranged components compared to those shown in FIG. 4 . The electronic controller 900 may include a bus 902, at least one processor 904, memory 906, storage components 908, input components 910, output components 912, and a communication interface 914 (e.g., a GUI or other user interface). The bus 902 may include components that enable communication between components of the electronic controller 900. In some non-limiting embodiments, the at least one processor 904 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. For example, the at least one processor 904 may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an accelerated processing unit (APU), etc.), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and / or any processing component that can be programmed to perform a function (e.g., a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.). The memory 906 may include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and / or another type of dynamic or static storage device (e.g., flash memory, magnetic memory, optical memory, etc.) that stores information and / or instructions for use by the at least one processor 904.

[0116] Continuing with reference to FIG. 4 , the storage component 908 can store information and / or software related to the operation and use of the electronic controller 900. For example, the storage component 908 may include a hard disk (e.g., a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a solid-state disk, etc.) and / or another type of computer-readable medium. The input component 910 can include components that enable the electronic controller 900 to receive information via user input (e.g., a GUI, a touchscreen display, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, buttons, switches, a microphone, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, the input component 910 can include sensors for sensing information (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) component, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a scanner, etc.). The output component 912 can include components that provide output information and / or commands from the electronic controller 900 (e.g., a GUI, a display, a speaker, one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a motor, an actuator, a solenoid, etc.). The communication interface 914 may include transceiver-like components (e.g., a transceiver, a separate receiver and transmitter, etc.) that enable the electronic control device 900 to communicate with other devices via a wired connection, a wireless connection, a combination of wired and wireless connections, etc. The communication interface 914 may enable the electronic control device 900 to receive information from another device and / or provide information to another device. For example, the communication interface 914 may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, a radio frequency (RF) interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a cellular network interface, Bluetooth, etc. The input component 910, the output component 912, and / or the communication interface 914 may correspond to or be components of one or more user interfaces 124 (see FIG. 2 ).

[0117] Continuing with FIG. 4 , the electronic controller 900 can perform the methods described herein based on at least one processor 904 executing software instructions stored by a computer-readable medium, such as a memory 906 and / or a storage component 908. The computer-readable medium can include any non-transitory memory device. The memory device can include a memory space located within a single physical storage device or a memory space spread across multiple physical storage devices. The software instructions can be loaded into the memory 906 and / or the storage component 908 from another computer-readable medium or from another device via a communication interface 914. When executed, the software instructions stored in the memory 906 and / or the storage component 908 can cause the processor 904 to perform one or more processes described herein. Additionally or alternatively, hardwired circuitry can be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to perform one or more processes described herein. Thus, the embodiments described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software. The term “programmed or configured,” as used herein, refers to the arrangement of software, hardware circuitry, or any combination thereof, on one or more devices.

[0118] Referring now to FIG. 5 , a schematic diagram of input components 910 and output components 912 of an electronic controller 900 is shown, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The input components 910 may include a knob 40 and a user interface 124. In some embodiments, the input components may further include at least one of a tilt sensor 802, a scanner 804, a pressure sensor 806, and a piston load sensor 808. The tilt sensor 802 may be configured to determine the position and / or orientation of the housing 11 of the fluid injector system 1000. The tilt sensor 802 may include, for example, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, or the like. The scanner 804 may be configured to identify tags, such as barcodes, QR codes, RFID tags, and the like. For example, the scanner 804 may be configured to identify tags 180 (see FIG. 2 ) provided on the fluid pathway set 170, the administration line 176, and / or the syringe 12. The pressure sensor 806 may be configured to measure fluid pressure and may be mounted anywhere along the fluid path set 170 to measure the fluid pressure thereat. The piston load sensor 808 may be configured to measure the load on the piston 13, for example, the load on the piston 13 due to fluid pressure. In some embodiments, the piston load sensor 808 may include an ammeter configured to measure the current draw of the piston actuator 16, from which the load on the piston 13 can be determined.

[0119] The output component 912 may include the piston actuator 16 and the user interface 124. In some examples, the output component may further include at least one of a haptic feedback component 810, a housing actuator 812, and a valve actuator 814. The haptic feedback component 810 may be configured to vary the force required for a user to actuate the knob 40. In some examples, the haptic feedback component 810 may include an adjustable brake mechanically and / or electrically coupled to the knob 40. The housing actuator 812 may be configured to pivot, rotate, raise, and / or lower the housing 11. In some examples, the housing actuator 812 may include a motor, a solenoid, a linear actuator, or other electrically driven component. The valve actuator 814 may be configured to actuate one or more of the valves 302, 304, 306 (see FIG. 2 ) and may include a motor, a solenoid, a linear actuator, or other electrically driven component.

[0120] Referring now to FIG. 6, a flow diagram is shown for a method 600 of actuating one or more pistons 13 of a fluid injector system 1000. Each step of the method 600 may be performed by the controller 900 of the fluid delivery system 1000, more particularly, by the at least one processor 904. In step 602, the method may include determining an orientation of the housing 11 of the fluid injector system 1000. The at least one processor 904 may determine the orientation of the housing 11 via the tilt sensor 802. In particular, the at least one processor 904 may determine the orientation of the housing 11 relative to the neutral plane NP (see FIG. 3). In particular, the at least one processor 904 may determine whether the upper surface 11a of the housing 11 is oriented above the lower surface 11b, as shown in FIG. 3, or whether the lower surface 11b of the housing 11 is oriented above the upper surface 11a, i.e., the opposite orientation shown in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the at least one processor 904 may determine a predetermined inclination of the housing 11 relative to the neutral plane NP.

[0121] At step 604, the method 600 may include receiving at least one signal from the user input device 40. The at least one signal may include a direction in which the user input device 40 is moving. For example, the at least one signal may include that the user input device 40 is moving (e.g., rotating) in a first direction A or a second direction B, as shown in FIG. 3 . The at least one signal may further include a speed at which the user input device 40 is moving or a degree to which the user input device 40 is moving. For example, the at least one signal may include a speed at which the user input device 40 is moving (e.g., rotating) in the first direction A or the second direction B. The at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to receive the at least one signal from the user input device 40.

[0122] In step 606, method 600 may include determining a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of housing 11 determined in step 602 and the at least one signal received in step 604. The direction of fluid actuation may correspond to at least one of actuating a fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating a fluid actuator to draw fluid into a fluid reservoir. In some embodiments, the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to one of piston directions C or D shown in FIG. 2. In a position of housing 11 where upper surface 11 a is oriented above lower surface 11 b (as shown in FIG. 3), at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to move piston 13 in direction C when user input device 40 is rotated in direction A, and to move piston 13 in direction D when user input device 40 is rotated in direction B. Conversely, in a position of the housing 11 where the bottom surface 11b is oriented above the top surface 11a (i.e., opposite the position shown in FIG. 3 ), the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to move the piston 13 in direction C when the user input device 40 is rotated in direction B, and to move the piston 13 in direction D when the user input device 40 is rotated in direction A. Thus, if the housing 11 is oriented with the top surface 11a above the bottom surface 11b and the user input device 40 rotating in direction A, the at least one processor 904 may determine in step 606 that the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to direction C. Alternatively, if the housing 11 is oriented with the top surface 11a above the bottom surface 11b and the user input device 40 rotating in direction B, the at least one processor 904 may determine in step 606 that the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to direction D. Alternatively, if the housing 11 is oriented so that the lower surface 11b is above the upper surface 11a and the user input device 40 is rotated in direction A, the at least one processor 904 can determine in step 606 that the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to direction D.Alternatively, if the housing 11 is oriented so that the lower surface 11b is above the upper surface 11a and the user input device 40 is rotated in direction B, the at least one processor 904 can determine in step 606 that the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to direction C.

[0123] By changing the direction of fluid actuation relative to the rotation of the user input device 40 when the orientation of the housing 11 is reversed, rotating the user input device 40 in one direction always results in the same direction of movement of the piston 13 regardless of the orientation of the housing 11. Thus, actuation of the user input device 40 can be intuitive to the operator because the operator does not need to consider the orientation of the housing 11 when determining which direction to move the user input device 40 to achieve the desired movement of the piston 13.

[0124] In some embodiments, the user interface 124 may display a graphic or message showing the correlation between the movement of the user input device 40 and the movement of the piston 13 to further assist the operator in moving the user input device 40 in the intended direction.

[0125] At step 608, method 600 may include actuating piston 13 in the direction of fluid actuation determined at step 606. Thus, if at least one processor 904 determines at step 606 that the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to direction C, then at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to move piston 13 in direction C, advancing piston 13 distally within syringe 12. If at least one processor 904 determines at step 606 that the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to direction D, then at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to move piston 13 in direction D, retracting piston 13 proximally within syringe 12. Advancing piston 13 in direction C may be performed to purge air from syringe 12, as described herein with reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 2 . Further, advancing piston 13 in direction C can be performed to prime fluid pathway set 170, creating a fluid bubble at the distal end of administration line 176 and forming a wet-to-wet connection with catheter 178. Retracting piston 13 proximally in direction D can be performed to draw fluid F into syringe 12, thus filling syringe 12 from bulk fluid source 120.

[0126] In some examples, method 600 may include determining a change in orientation of housing 11. In particular, at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to determine, via tilt sensor 802, that the orientation of housing 11 has changed from the orientation determined in step 602. In response to determining the change in orientation of housing 11, at least one processor 904 may change the direction of fluid actuation determined in step 606. That is, if at least one processor 904 determined in step 606 that the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to direction C, at least one processor 904 may change the direction of fluid actuation to correspond to direction D (or vice versa) in response to determining the change in orientation of housing 11. Thus, changing the orientation of housing 11 does not change the direction in which the operator needs to move (e.g., rotate) user input device 40 to achieve the desired movement of piston 13.

[0127] In some embodiments, the method 600 may include determining a load on the piston actuator 16 and adjusting the resistance of the user input device 40 based on the load. In particular, the at least one processor 904 may determine a load on the piston actuator 16 due to fluid pressure within the associated syringe 12 and / or fluid path set 170. The fluid pressure may be measured directly by the pressure sensor 806 or may be determined from the current draw of the piston actuator 16 measured by the piston load sensor 808. Based on the load on the piston actuator 16, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to adjust the resistance of the user input device 40 to increase or decrease the force required by the operator to move (e.g., rotate) the user input device 40. In some embodiments, the at least one processor 904 may increase the resistance of the user input device 40 as the load on the piston actuator 16 increases. Thus, the resistance applied to the user input device 40 by the at least one processor 904 mimics the resistance that an operator would feel if the user input device 40 were directly mechanically coupled to the piston actuator 16 (i.e., if the operator had to overcome a load acting through the piston actuator 16 to rotate the user input device 40). The increased resistance to movement of the user input device 40 allows the operator to feel an increase in fluid pressure within the system 1000, such as an increase in fluid pressure caused by an occlusion in the fluid pathway set 170 and / or syringe 12. In some examples, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to adjust the resistance of the user input device 40 via the haptic feedback component 810.

[0128] In some embodiments, the method 600 may include determining at least one characteristic of the fluid pathway set 170, the administration line 176, and / or the syringe 12. In some embodiments, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to determine the at least one characteristic via the scanner 804 that identifies the tag 180. In some embodiments, the at least one characteristic may include a volume, length, and / or pressure rating of the syringe 12, the fluid pathway set 170, and / or the administration line 176. In some embodiments, the at least one characteristic may include a type of fluid F pre-filled into the syringe 12. In response to determining the at least one characteristic, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to adjust at least one parameter of the injection protocol. For example, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to adjust a travel limit of the piston 13 based on the volume and / or length of the syringe 12. Thus, the at least one processor 904 may limit the distance the piston actuator 16 can move in directions C and D. If the user input device 40 is rotated when the piston 13 is already at its travel limit, the at least one processor 904 prevents further actuation of the piston actuator 16 to prevent the piston 13 from traveling beyond its travel limit.

[0129] In another example, if the tag 180 on one (or more) of the fluid pathway set 170, administration line 176, and / or syringe 12 includes information indicating that its compliance rating differs from a typical value, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to adjust, for example, the fluid actuation rate, and therefore the flow rate, based on the compliance rating to improve the accuracy of the injection procedure. For example, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to automatically extend the piston 14 an additional predetermined distance upon receiving a command from the user input device 40 to extend the piston 14 to account for compliance and / or mechanical slack in the syringe 12, the fluid pathway set 170, and / or administration line 176. The additional predetermined distance that the piston 14 is extended may be based on the compliance rating read from the tag 180.

[0130] In another example, the tag 180 on one(s) of the fluid path set 170 and / or syringes 12 may include information indicating whether the fluid path set 170 and / or syringe 12 is a single-use component (i.e., intended for use with only a single patient and / or a single injection procedure) or a multi-use component (i.e., intended for use with multiple patients and / or multiple injection procedures). If the tag 180 indicates that the fluid path set 170 and / or syringe 12 is a single-use component, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to disable functions and / or features of the system 1000 if the fluid path set 170 and / or syringe 12 are not replaced after the injection procedure. For example, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to override any commands entered by the operator via the knob 40 if the fluid path set 170 and / or syringe 12 are not replaced after the injection procedure.

[0131] In some embodiments, the method 600 may include determining a current state of the fluid injection system 1000. The current state of the fluid injection system may be input to the controller 900 via the user interface 124 or may be automatically initiated by the controller 900. The state of the fluid injection system may include, for example, a purge operation, a fill operation, a priming operation, and an injection procedure. In response to determining the current state of the fluid injection system, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to disable movement of the piston in at least one direction. For example, during a fill operation, the at least one processor 904 may be configured to disable movement of the piston 13 in direction C to prevent fluid from being inadvertently injected from the syringe 12 into the bulk fluid source 120. If the user input device 40 is moved (e.g., rotated) in a direction that would move the piston 13 in direction C, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to override the user input device 40 and not actuate the piston actuator 16. Similarly, during a priming or purging operation, the at least one processor 904 may be configured to disable movement of the piston 13 in direction D to prevent air from being inadvertently drawn into the syringe 12, the fluid pathway set 170, and / or the administration line 176. If the user input device 40 is moved (e.g., rotated) in a direction that would move the piston 13 in direction D, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to override the user input device 40 and not actuate the piston actuator 16. Similarly, while an injection procedure is being performed according to a desired injection protocol, the at least one processor 904 may be configured to disable movement of the piston 13 in direction D to prevent fluid from being inadvertently withdrawn from the patient. If the user input device 40 is rotated in a direction that would move the piston 13 in direction D, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to override the user input device 40 and not actuate the piston actuator 16.Similarly, at least one processor 904 may be configured not to alter, or in any way affect, or override, the movement of piston 13 in direction C, so that movement of piston 13 in direction C remains solely under the control of fluid injection system 1000 in accordance with the programmed injection protocol.

[0132] In some embodiments, the method 600 may include setting a fluid actuation rate based on at least one signal from the user input device 40. As described herein with reference to step 604, the at least one signal from the user input device 40 may include a rate at which the user input device 40 moves (e.g., rotates) in the first direction A or the second direction B. In some embodiments, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to set the fluid actuation rate to be proportional to the rate at which the user input device 40 moves. This may mimic the behavior of a fluid injector system in which a knob is directly mechanically coupled to a piston actuator, such as in which the knob is directly mechanically coupled to a ball screw. In some embodiments, the at least one signal from the user input device 40 may include a degree to which the user input device 40 moves from a neutral position P (see FIG. 3 ) during a purge operation, and the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to set the fluid actuation rate to be proportional to the degree to which the user input device 40 moves from the neutral position P. In some embodiments, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to set the fluid actuation speed to a constant, predetermined speed regardless of the speed at which the user input device 40 is moved or the extent to which the user input device 40 is moved from the neutral position P. The at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to actuate the piston actuator 16 at the fluid actuation speed determined in step 608.

[0133] In some embodiments, method 600 may include setting the fluid actuation speed based on a current state of fluid injection system 1000. For example, at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to set the fluid actuation speed to a faster speed during a purge operation, in which air is evacuated from syringe 12, than during a fill and priming operation and an injection procedure. Thus, moving user input device 40 at a certain speed during a purge operation results in a faster fluid actuation speed than moving user input device 40 at the same speed during a fill and priming operation and an injection procedure. At least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to operate piston actuator 16 at the fluid actuation speed determined in step 608.

[0134] In some embodiments, the method 600 may include setting the fluid actuation rate based on a combination of at least one signal from the user input device 40 and a current state of the fluid injection system 1000. For example, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to set the fluid actuation rate proportional to the speed at which the user input device 40 is moving, multiplied by an additional speed factor constant depending on the current state of the fluid injection system 1000. For example, the additional speed factor may be higher when the system 1000 is being purged, when the system 1000 is being filled or primed, or when the system 1000 is being used to perform an injection procedure. The at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to operate the piston actuator 16 at the fluid actuation rate determined in step 608.

[0135] In some embodiments, the method 600 may include receiving at least one additional signal from the user input device 40. The at least one additional signal may correspond to a command to adjust the position, orientation, or height of the housing 11. The at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to adjust at least one of the position, orientation, and height of the housing 11 based on the at least one additional signal. In some embodiments, the operator may input a command into the user interface 124 to enter one or more “housing adjustment modes” in which the user input device 40 is decoupled from the piston actuator 16 and instead coupled to the at least one housing actuator 812. When in the “housing adjustment mode,” movement of the user input device 40 in directions A and B generates at least one additional signal that is received by the at least one processor 904. The at least one processor 904 may actuate the at least one housing actuator 812 based on the at least one additional signal to raise, lower, rotate, and / or pivot the housing 11. The one or more “housing adjustment modes” may include, for example, a “lift mode” in which movement of the user input device 40 raises or lowers the housing 11 in direction H (see FIG. 3 ). For example, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured such that movement of the user input device 40 in direction A raises the housing 11, and movement of the user input device 40 in direction B lowers the housing 11. The one or more “housing adjustment modes” may further include, for example, a “rotation mode” in which movement of the user input device 40 rotates the housing 11 in direction J relative to the neutral plane NP. For example, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured such that movement of the user input device 40 in direction A rotates the housing 11 clockwise, and movement of the user input device 40 in direction B rotates the housing 11 counterclockwise. The one or more “housing adjustment modes” may further include, for example, a “swivel mode” in which movement of the user input device 40 rotates the housing 11 in direction K relative to the vertical axis V.For example, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured so that movement of the user input device 40 in direction A rotates the housing 11 clockwise, and movement of the user input device 40 in direction B rotates the housing 11 counterclockwise. Once the housing is in the operator's desired position, the operator can enter a command into the user interface 124 to exit the "housing adjustment mode" and recouple the user input device 40 to the piston actuator 16.

[0136] In some embodiments, method 600 may include actuating one or more of valves 302, 304, 306 in response to determining the direction of fluid actuation in step 606. At least one processor 904 may actuate valve actuator 814 to open, close, or otherwise actuate one or more of valves 302, 304, 306 to establish or block fluid communication between various components of fluid injector system 1000. For example, if the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to direction D, i.e., piston retraction, at least one processor 904 may actuate valve 302 to establish fluid communication between syringe 12 and bulk fluid source 120. Thus, retracting piston 13 in direction D draws fluid from bulk fluid source 120 into syringe 12. The at least one processor 904 can also close the valve 306 to prevent fluid and / or air from being drawn into the syringe 12 from the distal end of the fluid path set 170 and / or administration line 176 .

[0137] Alternatively, if the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to direction D, i.e., piston extension, at least one processor 904 can actuate valve 302 to isolate bulk fluid source 120 and prevent injection of fluid F from syringe 12 into bulk fluid source 120.

[0138] In some examples, the default setting for the direction of fluid actuation may be customized by an operator. In particular, the operator may program the default setting for the direction of fluid actuation in the at least one processor 904 via the user interface 124. For example, the operator may set the default setting so that rotating the user input device 40 in direction A with the housing 11 oriented as shown in FIG. 3 (i.e., with the upper surface 11a oriented above the lower surface 11b) causes the piston 13 to move in direction C. Alternatively, the operator may change the default setting so that rotating the user input device 40 in direction A with the housing 11 oriented as shown in FIG. 3 (i.e., with the upper surface 11a oriented above the lower surface 11b) causes the piston 13 to move in direction D.

[0139] In some embodiments, the at least one processor 904 may be programmed or configured to determine the load applied to the piston 13 by the fluid pressure of the system 1000. Because the piston actuator 16 is in electrical communication with the user input device 40 rather than being mechanically coupled to the user input device 40, the at least one processor 904 can distinguish between a load applied to the piston 13 by an operator and a load due to fluid pressure. In contrast, a system in which a knob is directly mechanically connected to the piston actuator generally cannot distinguish between a load applied by an operator and a load due to fluid pressure.

[0140] In some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a computer program product for causing at least one processor to perform method 600. In some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to a fluid injector system having at least one processor configured to perform method 600.

[0141] While examples of fluid injector systems, methods of operation thereof, and computer program products have been provided in the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations to these examples without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative rather than limiting. The above disclosure is defined by the appended claims, and all changes to the disclosure that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are embraced within their scope. [Explanation of symbols]

[0142] 11. Housing 11a Top surface 11b Bottom side 12 syringes 13 Piston 14 Piston, plunger 16 Fluid actuators, piston actuators 40 User input devices, knobs 120 Bulk fluid reservoir, bulk fluid source 124 User Interface 170 Fluid Path Set 176 Administration Line 178 Catheter 180 tags 302 Valve 304 Valve 306 Valve 600 ways 802 Inclination Sensor 804 scanner 806 Pressure Sensor 808 Piston Load Sensor 810 Haptic Feedback Components 812 Housing Actuator 814 Valve Actuator 900 Electronic Control Unit 902 Bus 904 processor 906 memory 908 Memory Components 910 Input Component 912 Output Components 914 Communication Interface 1000 Fluid injector system, fluid injection system, fluid delivery system A First knob direction B Second knob direction C First piston direction D Second piston direction F. Pressurized medical fluids H Linear direction J Rotation direction K Rotation direction P neutral position V vertical axis NP neutral plane

Claims

1. 1. A fluid injector system configured to execute an injection protocol, the fluid injector system comprising: Housing and A controller operatively associated with a user input device, a tilt sensor, and a fluid actuator, the controller comprising at least one processor, the processor comprising: determining an orientation of the housing based on input from the tilt sensor; receiving at least one signal from the user input device; determining a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of the housing and at least one of the signals; and to actuate the fluid actuator in the direction of the fluid actuation; the control device being programmed or configured; It is equipped with the fluid actuator is at least one of a piston actuator, a pump actuator, and a compression actuator; at least one of the signals from the user input device is a rotational direction of the user input device; Rotating the user input device in one direction causes the fluid actuator to move in the same direction regardless of the orientation of the housing; A fluid injector system, wherein the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to at least one of actuating the fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating the fluid actuator to draw fluid into the fluid reservoir.

2. At least one of the processors to determine a change in the orientation of the housing; and and changing the direction of the fluid actuation in response to determining a change in orientation of the housing. It is programmed or structured, The fluid injector system of claim 1 , wherein the orientation of the housing is at a predetermined inclination relative to a neutral plane.

3. At least one of the processors determining a load on the fluid actuator; and adjusting the resistance of the user input device based on the load; The fluid injector system of claim 1 , programmed or configured.

4. At least one of the processors determining at least one characteristic of the fluid path set; and adjusting at least one parameter of the injection protocol based on the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set; It is programmed or structured, The fluid injector system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set is a compliance rating of the fluid path set or the fluid reservoir.

5. The fluid injector system of claim 4 , wherein the fluid injector system comprises a scanner configured to scan tags of the fluid path set to determine at least one of the characteristics of the fluid path set.

6. At least one of the processors determining a current state of the fluid injector system; and Disabling at least one direction of movement of the fluid actuator based on the current state. The fluid injector system of claim 1 , programmed or configured.

7. At least one of the processors setting a fluid actuation speed based on at least one of the at least one signal from the user input device and a current state of the fluid injector system; and to operate the fluid actuator at the fluid actuation speed; It is programmed or structured, The fluid injector system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid actuation rate is set proportional to the rate of movement of the user input device.

8. At least one of the processors receiving at least one additional signal from the user input device; and adjusting at least one of a height and an orientation of the housing based on at least one of the additional signals; The fluid injector system of claim 1 , programmed or configured.

9. the fluid injector system comprising at least one valve; The fluid injector system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the processors is programmed or configured to actuate the valve in response to determining the direction of fluid actuation.

10. The fluid injector system of claim 1 , wherein the user input device is at least one of mounted to the housing and remotely mounted from the housing.

11. 1. A computer program product for operating a fluid actuator of a fluid injector system configured to execute an injection protocol, the computer program product comprising at least one computer-readable medium having one or more instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: determining an orientation of a housing of the fluid injector system based on an input of a tilt sensor; receiving at least one signal from a user input device of the fluid injector system; determining a direction of fluid actuation based on the orientation of the housing and the at least one signal; and actuating the fluid actuator in the direction of the fluid actuation; the fluid actuator is at least one of a piston actuator, a pump actuator, and a compression actuator; at least one of the signals from the user input device is a rotational direction of the user input device; Rotating the user input device in one direction causes the fluid actuator to move in the same direction regardless of the orientation of the housing; 10. A computer program product, comprising: a fluid actuator configured to actuate a fluid reservoir; a fluid actuator configured to actuate a fluid reservoir; a fluid actuator configured to actuate a fluid reservoir; and a fluid actuator configured to actuate a fluid reservoir;

12. One or more of the instructions cause at least one of the processors to: determining a change in orientation of the housing; and Varying the direction of the fluid actuation in response to determining the change in orientation of the housing; The computer program product of claim 11 , wherein the orientation of the housing is at a predetermined inclination relative to a neutral plane.

13. One or more of the instructions cause at least one of the processors to: determining a load on the fluid actuator; and The computer program product of claim 11 , further comprising: adjusting a resistance of the user input device based on the load.

14. One or more of the instructions cause at least one of the processors to: Determining at least one characteristic of the fluid path set; and adjusting at least one parameter of the injection protocol based on the at least one characteristic of the fluid pathway set; The computer program product of claim 11 , wherein the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set is a compliance rating of the fluid path set or the fluid reservoir.

15. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein determining the at least one characteristic of a fluid path set comprises scanning a tag of the fluid path set.

16. 1. A method for actuating a fluid actuator of a fluid injector system configured to execute an injection protocol, the method being executed via a controller including at least one processor, the method comprising: determining an orientation of a housing of the fluid injector system based on input from a tilt sensor; receiving at least one signal from a user input device of the fluid injector system; determining a direction of fluid actuation based on an orientation of the housing and at least one of the signals; actuating the fluid actuator in the direction of the fluid actuation; It is equipped with the direction of fluid actuation corresponds to at least one of actuating the fluid actuator to inject fluid from a fluid reservoir and actuating the fluid actuator to draw fluid into the fluid reservoir; the fluid actuator is at least one of a piston actuator, a pump actuator, and a compression actuator; at least one of the signals from the user input device is a rotational direction of the user input device; A method wherein rotation of the user input device in one direction results in the same direction of movement of the fluid actuator regardless of the orientation of the housing.

17. The method comprises: determining a change in orientation of the housing; changing the direction of the fluid actuation in response to determining the change in orientation of the housing; 17. The method of claim 16, comprising:

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the orientation of the housing is at a predetermined inclination relative to a neutral plane.

19. The method comprises: determining a load on the fluid actuator; adjusting the resistance of the user input device based on the load; 17. The method of claim 16, comprising:

20. The method comprises: determining at least one characteristic of the fluid path set; adjusting at least one parameter of the injection protocol based on at least one of the characteristics of the fluid pathway set; 17. The method of claim 16, comprising:

21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the at least one characteristic of the fluid path set is a compliance rating of the fluid path set or the fluid reservoir.

22. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein determining the at least one characteristic of a fluid path set comprises scanning a tag of the fluid path set.

23. The method comprises: determining a current state of the fluid injector system; Disabling at least one direction of fluid movement based on the current state; 17. The method of claim 16, comprising:

24. The method comprises: setting a fluid actuation speed based on at least one of the at least one signal from the user input device and a current state of the fluid injector system; operating the fluid actuator at an actuation speed of the fluid; 17. The method of claim 16, comprising:

25. The method of claim 16 , wherein the rate of actuation of the fluid is set proportional to the rate of movement of the user input device.

26. The method comprises: receiving at least one additional signal from the user input device; adjusting at least one of a height and an orientation of the housing based on at least one of the additional signals; 17. The method of claim 16, comprising:

27. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the method comprises actuating at least one valve of the fluid injector system in response to determining the direction of fluid actuation.

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