Systems and methods for applying and sealing end closures to containers

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a system and method for hermetically sealing a closure to a container, the system including a die assembly and a mandrel assembly including an outer mandrel, an inner mandrel, and an ejector disposed within an inner circumference of the inner mandrel, wherein at least the outer mandrel is configured to translate a first distance within a first period of time, the inner mandrel and the ejector are configured to translate a second distance within a second period of time, the inner mandrel is configured to retract a third distance within a third period of time, and the ejector is configured to retract the third distance within a fourth period of time.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 071,076, filed August 27, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for forming and sealing containers having closures. [Background technology]

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to containers and methods for sealing such containers. Paper-based or composite containers are often used for snack foods and similar products. Such containers often have a peelable / removable membrane sealed to the top rim of the container, a removable / replaceable overcap or end cap covering the membrane, and a metal closure seamed to the bottom rim of the container. Typically, the membrane is first sealed to the top rim. The container is then filled with product through the open bottom end of the container, and the metal closure is seamed to the bottom rim of the container.

[0004] The above-described process of using a metal bottom edge interferes with the recyclability of the container because seaming the metal closure to the bottom of the container makes it very difficult to separate the metal closure from the container itself after use. Without the paper-based body of the container being unable to separate from the metal bottom, the container assembly cannot enter the paper or metal recycling stream. This can result in unnecessary waste and negative environmental impacts. There is a need for recyclable containers to increase the sustainability of the final product.

[0005] One solution to the need for recyclability is to produce containers with paper-based end closures rather than metal ends. However, existing equipment for seaming metal ends onto containers is built specifically for metal ends, and simply replacing a metal closure with a paper-based end closure is not compatible with current metal end seaming processes because paper-based end closures introduce unique challenges not present with metal ends (e.g., closure flexibility, separating the closure from a stack of closures, feeding the closure, folding the closure, joining non-metallic closures). Through ingenuity and considerable effort, the inventors have not only developed a system and method for applying paper-based end closures to containers, but also a system and method that operates at high speeds (e.g., greater than 250 containers / minute). Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a sealing toolset for sealing the bottom onto a container having an integrated controlled ejector that is utilized when retracting the mandrel from the container bottom (i.e., during the outfeed process). In certain embodiments, the present invention comprises a method and a sealing system for hermetically sealing a closure to a container, the sealing system comprising: a die assembly comprising: a die having a positioning portion configured to hold a disk and a die opening adjacent to the positioning portion; and at least one sealing member configured to provide heat to seal the disk to the container; and a mandrel assembly comprising: an outer mandrel having an extension portion sized to fit within an inner circumference of the positioning portion; an inner mandrel configured to translate through the extension portion of the outer mandrel and the inner circumference of the die opening; and an ejector disposed within the inner circumference of the inner mandrel, wherein at least the outer mandrel is configured to translate a first distance within a first period of time, the inner mandrel and the ejector are configured to translate a second distance within a second period of time, the inner mandrel is configured to retract a third distance within a third period of time, and the ejector is configured to retract a third distance within a fourth period of time, wherein each of the first distance, second distance, and third distance is different from one another. In one embodiment, the outer mandrel, inner mandrel, and ejector extend, translate, and retract parallel to one another. In one embodiment, the outer mandrel extends and retracts vertically, the inner mandrel translates and retracts vertically, and the ejector translates and retracts vertically.

[0007] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0008] A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one skilled in the art, is set forth in this specification and makes reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18]1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 21] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 22] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 23] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 24] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 25] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 26] 1 illustrates an exemplary sealing system according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 27A] 1A-1C are cross-sectional views of an exemplary container body, top closure, and paper-based disc according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 27B] 27B is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary container body, top closure, and paper-based disc of FIG. 27A according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 27C] 27B is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary container body, top closure, and paper-based disc of FIG. 27A, according to some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 27D] 27B is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary container body, top closure, and paper-based disc of FIG. 27A, according to some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 27E] 27B is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary container body, top closure, and paper-based disc of FIG. 27A, according to some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 28] 1 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary sealed container assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 29]FIG. 10 shows a graphical comparison of leak detection in a paper bottom closure of the present invention compared to a metal bottom closure.

[0010] Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to indicate same or analogous features or elements of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided as an explanation of the invention, not as a limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention cover such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0012] In one embodiment, the present invention comprises a device and method for the production of high-barrier packaging for perishable products, such as hermetically closed containers for packaging moisture- and oxygen-sensitive solid food products. Once filled and closed, containers produced according to the devices and methods described herein can be capable of sustaining a variety of atmospheric conditions. More specifically, the hermetically closed containers can be suitable for maintaining the freshness of crisp food products, such as potato chips, processed potato snacks, nuts, and the like. As used herein, the term "hermetic" refers to the property of sustaining oxygen (O2) levels by a barrier, such as a seal, surface, or container.

[0013] In one embodiment, the systems and methods described herein can produce hermetically sealed containers having an all-paper, paper-based, or composite bottom that are formed / sealed (e.g., by a heated press tool) without introducing pinholes, pleats, cuts, or cracks in the barrier layer, the closure, and / or the bottom (although the methods described herein should not be so limited and can be applicable to polymeric, metallic, or other types of bottoms known in the art). Thus, a solid crisp food product that may deteriorate when exposed to moisture or oxygen can have reduced potential for product deterioration when sealed in an airtight closure container that is unlikely to have pinholes, pleats, cuts, or cracks. Thus, such a hermetically sealed container can be capable of enclosing a substantially stable environment (i.e., oxygen, humidity, and / or pressure) without bulging and / or leaking.

[0014] Furthermore, such hermetically sealed containers can be transported worldwide, for example, by sea, air, or rail. As such, the containers may be subjected to fluctuating atmospheric conditions (e.g., caused by temperature fluctuations, humidity fluctuations, and altitude fluctuations). For example, such conditions may cause significant pressure differences between the interior and exterior of the hermetically closed container. Furthermore, atmospheric conditions may cycle between relatively high and relatively low values, which may exacerbate existing manufacturing defects. In particular, the hermetically closed containers may be subjected to strains that lead to defect growth, i.e., the dimensions of pinholes, pleats, cuts, or cracks resulting from the manufacturing process may increase. The systems and methods for producing hermetically sealed containers described herein can provide containers that can be transported and / or stored under widely varying climatic conditions (i.e., temperature, humidity, and / or pressure) without defect growth.

[0015] Furthermore, the systems and methods described herein can produce hermetically sealed containers that are sufficiently rigid to resist deformation while being subjected to varying atmospheric conditions. In particular, when a hermetically closed container containing a high internal pressure is subjected to ambient conditions at a relatively high altitude (e.g., about 1,524 meters above sea level, about 3,048 meters above sea level, or about 4,572 meters above sea level), a significant pressure differential between the interior and exterior of the hermetically closed container can exert a force on the hermetically closed container (e.g., acting to bulge the hermetically closed container). Depending on the shape of the hermetically closed container, any bulging can deform the hermetically closed container, which can lead to unstable behavior on the shelf (e.g., wobbling and rocking) and can adversely affect purchasing behavior. In embodiments described herein, the hermetically closed containers described herein can be formed from materials with sufficient strength, surface friction, and thermal stability for rapid manufacturing (i.e., high cycle output machine types and / or production lines).

[0016] As noted, hermetically sealed containers produced using the systems and methods described herein can include a paper-based composite bottom. Similarly, the container body can include a paper-based composite material, allowing the entire container to be recycled in a single stream (e.g., as opposed to a similar container with a metal bottom). The base and / or container body of the present invention can include any paper known in the art, such as, for example, cardboard, paperboard, cupboard stock, cup stock, litho paper, or even fiber-based and / or pulpable materials such as molded fibers. In some embodiments, the base and / or container body of the present invention can be 100% paper. In some embodiments, the container assembly can have a paper content by weight of about 90% or greater. In some embodiments, the container assembly can have a paper content by weight of about 95% or greater. These paper content percentages can advantageously qualify the container assembly as a single material in certain countries, allowing the container assembly to be accepted in the recycling streams of most countries worldwide. In some embodiments, the term "mono-material" includes any material that can be collected and enter the waste management stream to obtain raw materials from the residue for different uses. In other embodiments, the base and / or container body of the present invention can be a composite material.

[0017] "Sealing System" With reference to Figures 1 through 11, the containers described herein can be formed using the following closure system 100 and / or according to the following method. In one embodiment, the paper-based bottom can begin as a sheet or disc. Although the paper bottoms discussed herein are referred to as rounded or disc-shaped, the invention should not be so limited. The paper bottom can have any shape known in the art and can correlate to the shape of the container. For example, if the container has a square, rectangular, triangular, or irregular cross-section, the paper bottom can have the correlated shape (square, rectangular, triangular, or irregular).

[0018] For example, a composite sheet or paper-based disc 50 can be formed to fit a composite container body 60 by a mandrel assembly 200, a die assembly 300, and a container support assembly (not shown), working in conjunction. The mandrel assembly 200 can be utilized to press or press the paper-based disc 50 to form the paper-based disc 50 into a composite bottom 51 (shown in FIGS. 10-11 ).

[0019] The mandrel assembly 200 may include an outer mandrel 210 (sometimes referred to as a "downholder" due to its purpose of holding the disk 50 downward relative to the die assembly 300) and an inner mandrel 220 (sometimes referred to as a "sealing punch" due to its purpose of punch-drawing the disk 50 into the container 60 and sealing the disk 50 against the sidewall of the container 60). The outer mandrel 210 and the inner mandrel 220 may each move along the Y-axis independently of one another. The inner mandrel 220 may translate relative to the outer mandrel 210 to form the paper-based disk 50 into a bottom closure portion 51. Furthermore, the die assembly 300 may cooperate with the mandrel assembly 200 to form the paper-based disk 50 into the bottom closure portion 51 and simultaneously, or nearly simultaneously, insert the closure portion 51 into the bottom end 62 of the composite body 60. The die assembly 300 may generally include a die 80 having an upper surface 97, a positioning portion 90, a die opening 98, and a sealing member(s) 40, also known as a die bushing ring. The tube assembly may be configured to maintain and move the composite body 60 relative to the mandrel assembly 200 and the die assembly 300. For example, the tube assembly may move the composite body laterally to align the container body 60 with the axis of the mandrel assembly 200 and the die assembly 300 and / or vertically along the axis of the mandrel assembly 200 and the die assembly 300.

[0020] In one embodiment, the mandrel assembly 200, die assembly 300, and container support assembly can be aligned along the Y axis, at least during the method described herein, so that the paper-based disc 50 can be forced through the die opening 98 by the inner mandrel 220 and inserted into the bottom end 62 of the composite body 60 held by the tube support member.

[0021] Die assembly The die assembly 300 can be configured to receive and maintain the paper-based disc 50 prior to insertion of the disc 50 through the die opening 98 and into the container body 60. In some embodiments, the disc 50 is received from a separate disc feed assembly (not shown). In one embodiment, the die assembly 300 can be configured to mate with or otherwise align with the feed assembly. For example, the die 80 can include notches, ridges, or other alignment features 302 on its upper end (see FIG. 26 ) that allow the die 80 to mate with, align with, or receive corresponding mechanical elements of the feed assembly. This allows for proper placement of the disc 50 within the die 80.

[0022] More specifically, the die assembly 300 can include a die 80 (i.e., a die bushing ring) having a positioning portion 90 (i.e., a collet seat) configured to receive and align the paper-based disc 50 within the die 80 prior to forming the disc 50 into the recessed end 51. The positioning portion 90 can be disposed adjacent to a die opening 98 to align the paper-based disc 50 with the die opening 98.

[0023] The positioning portion 90 may include an angled surface 96 connecting a top surface 97 of the die 80 to a sidewall 94 of the positioning portion 90. The angled surface 96 may be angled downward toward a die opening 98 and the axis of the die assembly 300. In one embodiment, the angled surface 96 may allow the disk 50 to be guided into the positioning portion 90.

[0024] In one embodiment, the sidewall 94 of the positioning portion 90 may be vertical or substantially vertical. In one embodiment, the sidewall 94 of the positioning portion 90 may be longer than the thickness of the disk 50. In one embodiment, the outer diameter of the sidewall 94 of the positioning portion 90 may be substantially similar to the diameter of the disk 50. In another embodiment, the outer diameter of the sidewall 94 of the positioning portion 90 may be slightly larger than the diameter of the disk 50.

[0025] In one embodiment, the inclined surface 96 of the positioning portion 90 can have a larger perimeter nearest the top surface 97 of the die 80 and a smaller perimeter nearest the sidewall 94. In some embodiments, the perimeter of the outer edge of the inclined surface 96 of the positioning portion 90 can be larger than the paper-based disc 50. The inclined surface 96 can taper downward to allow gravity assistance for alignment of the paper-based disc 50 within the positioning portion 90. When seated, the paper-based disc 50 can be positioned adjacent to the disc support surface 92 and the sidewall 94 of the positioning portion 90. In one embodiment, the disc support surface 92 and the sidewall 94 of the positioning portion 90 connect at a 90-degree angle or a substantially 90-degree angle. In one embodiment, the disc support surface 92 can be horizontal or substantially horizontal. In one embodiment, the seated disc 50 is positioned such that its lower surface 54 (see FIG. 2 ) is adjacent to (i.e., sits on) the disc support surface 92. In one embodiment, the seated disk 50 is positioned so that its thickness is adjacent the side wall 94 of the positioning portion 90 .

[0026] In one embodiment, the inner periphery of the disc support surface 92 is smaller than the periphery of the disc 50. In one embodiment, the inner periphery of the disc support surface 92 is adjacent to the die opening 98. In one embodiment, the disc support surface 92 is disposed adjacent to the die opening inner surface 99. The die opening inner surface 99 may be vertical or substantially vertical in one embodiment. In one embodiment, the disc support surface 92 is disposed perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the die opening inner surface 99.

[0027] In use, the disk 50 is inserted into the die assembly 300, positioned within the positioning portion 90, and seated on the disk support surface 92. In one embodiment, vacuum pressure can be applied to the paper-based disk 50 from below to align the paper-based disk 50 within the positioning portion 90 of the die 80.

[0028] Although the die opening 98 is shown as having a substantially circular cross-section, the die opening 98 can have a cross-section that is substantially circular, triangular, rectangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, or elliptical. In one embodiment, the die opening 98 can be configured to receive the inner mandrel 220, discussed below. In one embodiment, the die opening 98 can have a cross-section that is substantially similar to the cross-section of the inner mandrel 220.

[0029] "Mandrel Assembly" As noted above, the mandrel assembly 200 can include an inner mandrel 220 and an outer mandrel 210. The inner mandrel 220 and the outer mandrel 210 can be translated independently of one another. In one embodiment, the inner mandrel 220 and the outer mandrel 210 translate parallel to one another, which can be, but need not be, vertical. For example, the system can provide the inner mandrel 220 and the outer mandrel 210 with horizontal or angular translation.

[0030] In one embodiment, the inner mandrel 220 can move a first distance and the outer mandrel 210 can move a second distance, where the first and second distances are different from each other. Similarly, the inner mandrel 220 can move for a first time period and the outer mandrel 210 can move for a second time period, where the first and second times are different from each other. In one embodiment, the inner mandrel 220 and the outer mandrel 210 can move together during a first period of time. In one embodiment, the inner mandrel 220 can have a first extension length and the outer mandrel 210 can have a second extension length, where the first and second extension lengths are different from each other. In one embodiment, the outer mandrel 210 can move together with both the inner mandrel 220 and the ejector 30 until the mandrel assembly 200 contacts the die assembly 300. Each of the outer mandrel 210, inner mandrel 220, and ejector 30 contacts the die assembly 300 simultaneously, in one embodiment.

[0031] The outer mandrel 210, in one embodiment, can be generally cylindrical. In this embodiment, the container can be cylindrical. However, if the container is not cylindrical (i.e., has a square, triangular, rectangular, irregular cross section, etc.), the outer mandrel 210 can have a shape and configuration that correlates with the shape and configuration of the container.

[0032] In another embodiment, the outer mandrel 210 can include a vertically (i.e., downwardly) extending portion 212 and a radially outwardly facing flange 214. The flange 214 can be absent in some embodiments (see FIG. 19 ). The vertically extending portion 212, in one embodiment, can be perforated and / or have a through hole 216 disposed therein. In one embodiment, the vertically extending portion 212 and the radially outwardly facing flange 214 can meet at a right angle or near a right angle.

[0033] In one embodiment, the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210 can be sized to fit within the inner periphery of the positioning portion 90. In one embodiment, the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210 has a perimeter that is greater than the perimeter of the die opening 98, such that the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210 cannot extend into the die opening. More specifically, the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210 can be sized and / or configured to be disposed adjacent the positioning portion sidewall 94 and the disk support surface 92 of the positioning portion 90 when fully extended. In one embodiment, the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210 can be extended after the disk 50 is seated within the positioning portion 90 and can be configured to secure the disk 50 in place (see FIG. 4 ).

[0034] As shown in Figure 12, the inner mandrel 220 can be generally cylindrical. As discussed above with respect to the outer mandrel, the inner mandrel 220 can be shaped and configured to correlate with the shape and configuration of the container. For example, if the container has a square cross-section, the inner mandrel 220 can have a square shape and configuration.

[0035] In one embodiment, the inner mandrel 220 can be sized to fit within the inner periphery of the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210. In one embodiment, the inner mandrel 220 can be configured to extend vertically below the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210. In this embodiment, once the disk 50 is seated within the positioning portion 90 and restrained by the fully extended vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210, the inner mandrel 220 can continue to move vertically downward, extending beyond the base of the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210 and forcing / urging the disk 50 into the open end 62 of the container 60 (see FIG. 6 ).

[0036] The inner mandrel 220 can include a first mandrel surface 222 adjacent to a second mandrel surface 224, both of which are configured to insert and form the paper-based disc 50 (see FIG. 12 ). In one embodiment, the first mandrel surface 222 can be joined to the second mandrel surface 224 at an angle between about 92° and about 94°. In one embodiment, the first mandrel surface 222 can be horizontal or substantially horizontal and, when fully extended, can be disposed adjacent to the top surface of the disc 50. In one embodiment, the second mandrel surface 224 can be vertical or substantially vertical and can be configured to abut the inner surface of the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210 as the inner mandrel 220 passes through the outer mandrel 210. That is, the circumference of the second mandrel surface 224 can be smaller than the inner circumference of the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210. In one embodiment, the second mandrel surface 224 is parallel to the inner surface of the vertically extending portion 212 of the outer mandrel 210 .

[0037] While the first mandrel surface 222 and the second mandrel surface 224 are shown in the figures as being substantially flat (horizontal and vertical), it is noted that the first mandrel surface 222 and the second mandrel surface 224 can be curved, contoured, or shaped. The inner mandrel 220 can further comprise a shaped portion disposed between the first mandrel surface 222 and the second mandrel surface 224. The shaped portion can be curved, chamfered, or comprise any other contour. While the inner mandrel 220 is shown as having a substantially circular cross-section, it is noted that the inner mandrel 220 can have a cross-section that is substantially circular, triangular, rectangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, or elliptical.

[0038] As the inner mandrel 220 pushes the disk 50 into the container 60 (see FIGS. 5-6 ), the disk is forced out from between the outer mandrel 210 and the positioning portion 90 of the die assembly 300. The central portion 56 of the disk 50 can be forced downward through the die opening 98 and into the open end 62 of the container 60, so that the central portion 56 (first deformed surface 53) remains flat or substantially flat (i.e., horizontal). During insertion of the disk 50 into the container 60, in one embodiment, the peripheral portion 58 of the disk 50 can bend at a right angle or near a right angle, shown as the second deformed surface 55 in FIG. 11 . In this embodiment, the peripheral portion 58 of the disk 50 (becoming the second deformed surface 55) can be forced through the die opening 98 and adjacent to the second mandrel surface 224. The resulting second deformed surface 55 (formerly peripheral portion 58 ) of the disk 50 can be disposed vertically or nearly vertically adjacent the inner sidewall 66 of the container 60 at the open end 62 .

[0039] The disk 50 can be pressed into the container 60 any distance deemed practical in the art. In one embodiment, the disk 50 has a recessed composite bottom 51 (FIG. 11). In one embodiment, the peripheral edge 57 of the disk 50 is flush with the edge of the sidewall of the container 60. In another embodiment, the peripheral edge 57 of the disk 50 is disposed inwardly relative to the edge of the sidewall of the container 60. In one embodiment, the first deformed surface 53 and the second deformed surface 55 are joined at a right angle or near a right angle to the container body 60.

[0040] In one embodiment, the mandrel heater can be configured to heat the first mandrel surface 222 and / or the second mandrel surface 224 of the inner mandrel 220. In one embodiment, the mandrel heater can be disposed within the inner mandrel 220. The inner mandrel 220, in one embodiment, can further comprise an insulating portion formed from an insulating material configured to reduce heat transfer.

[0041] "Sealing member" The sealing member(s) 40 can be configured to provide heat and pressure for heat sealing. The sealing member(s) 40 can be positionable between a sealed position (FIGS. 1-6) and an open position (FIGS. 7-11). When in the sealed position, the sealing member(s) 40 are in contact with the outer surface 64 of the container 60, and when in the open position, the sealing member(s) 40 are not in contact with the container 60. In one embodiment, the sealing member(s) 40 comprise a segmented clamping bracket (see generally in the figures).

[0042] In another embodiment, the sealing member comprises a non-segmented clamping ring (see Figures 14-18). Figure 14 shows the system of the present invention with a non-segmented clamping ring, with the system in its initial state. In Figure 15, the system is moved to a position with the disc clamped in place. In Figure 16, the system is moved to a sealing position. Figure 17 shows removal of the sealing punch while the ejector holds the paper bottom in place. Finally, Figure 18 shows the ejector moving away from the container. In this embodiment, the sealing member can comprise a static die bushing ring. This type of sealing member can be particularly useful in ready-to-eat food processing equipment where food safety is a particular concern.

[0043] In one embodiment, e.g., a segmented clamping bracket embodiment, the sealing member(s) 40 can be rotatably coupled to the die assembly 300. The sealing member(s) 40 can be complementary shaped to one another so that when the sealing member(s) 40 are in the sealing position, they substantially surround the workpiece in a puzzle-like manner. In other embodiments, the sealing member 40 can comprise a single, integral member (i.e., a closed ring) that surrounds the container body 60 when the container is in place. When sealing the paper-based disc 50 to the composite body 60, the sealing member(s) 40 can compress the bottom end 62 of the composite body 60 along substantially the complete circumference of the outer surface 64. When the composite body 60 has a substantially circular cross-section, the periphery of the composite body 60 can be substantially evenly compressed by the sealing member(s) 40. In one embodiment, there are three sealing members 40. In other embodiments, there is one sealing member 40 (i.e., a non-segmented clamping ring). However, it is noted that any number of sealing members 40 can be utilized. For example, the sealing system can include from about 1 to about 10 sealing members 40. Furthermore, the sealing member(s) 40 can each cover substantially equal sections of the composite body, or can cover substantially unequal sections.

[0044] The sealing member(s) 40 can be utilized to compress and heat the container body to perform the heat sealing operation. Each sealing member 40 can provide conductive heating to the container body up to about 300°C. Additionally, the sealing member(s) 40 can apply a pressure to the container body up to about 30 MPa. The sealing member(s) 40 can be adjacent to one another.

[0045] As the sealing member(s) 40 contact the exterior surface 64 of the container body 60, the container body 60 and composite closure 51 can be compressed between the second mandrel surface 224 and the sealing member(s) 40. After compression and heat are applied for a sufficient dwell time, the sealing member(s) 40 can move away from the bottom end 62 of the container body 60 such that the sealing member(s) 40 are not in contact with the container body 60 after the dwell time has expired ( FIG. 10 ).

[0046] "Ejector" Once the sealing process is complete, in one embodiment, the mandrel assembly 200 is removed from the container body 60. In one embodiment, the outer mandrel 210 is translated outwardly away from the die assembly 300 prior to the movement of the inner mandrel 220. In other embodiments, the outer mandrel 210 and the inner mandrel 220 are translated outwardly away from the die assembly 300 simultaneously.

[0047] In one embodiment, the ejector 30 is disposed within the inner mandrel 220 to aid in removal of the mandrel assembly 200 from the container 60. The ejector 30 may be spring-loaded in one embodiment. In other embodiments, the ejector 30 may not be spring-loaded. In some embodiments, the inner mandrel 220 may be spring-loaded or not. In further embodiments, the outer mandrel 210 may be spring-loaded or not. In certain embodiments, only the outer mandrel 210 is spring-loaded.

[0048] The ejector 30 can have a circumference at its lower end 32 that is shorter than the circumference of the inner mandrel 220. In this regard, the ejector 30 can be fitted to the inner circumference of the inner mandrel 220 in its retracted position (e.g., as shown in FIG. 12 ). In one embodiment, the base of the ejector 30 can comprise a cylindrical pyramid. In such an embodiment, the interior of the inner mandrel 220 can comprise a recess that is a cylindrical pyramid, thereby allowing the ejector 30 to be fitted to the inner mandrel 220. In one embodiment, the ejector 30 can be perforated and / or have a through hole disposed therein, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 28 .

[0049] In another embodiment, the base of the ejector 30 can include multiple disk contact sections that each contact the bottom closure 51 but are spaced apart from one another. For example, the ejector can include three or four prongs that are flattened at the contact surface with the closure 51 to avoid damage to the closure 51.

[0050] In one embodiment, the ejector has a bottom surface 34 designed to contact the bottom closure portion 51. In one embodiment, the ejector 30 can be solid across its bottom surface 34 from one side of the diameter to the other side of the diameter. In another embodiment, the ejector 30 can have a hollow interior portion, as shown in the figure. In this embodiment, the bottom contact surface 34 can be circular in cross section. In any embodiment, the bottom surface 34 of the ejector 30 can contact at least a portion of the first deformed surface 53 of the composite closure portion 51. In one embodiment, the first deformed surface 53 of the closure portion 51 can comprise a countersunk portion of the closure portion 51. In certain embodiments, the bottom surface 34 of the ejector 30 is circumferential and is positioned near the second deformed surface 55 of the composite closure portion 51 when in its extended position (e.g., as shown in FIG. 13 ).

[0051] In one embodiment, the bottom surface 34 of the ejector 30 can be flush with the first (lower) surface 222 of the inner mandrel 220 when the ejector 30 is in its recessed position (e.g., as shown in FIG. 12 ). In another embodiment, the ejector 30 can be slightly recessed within the inner mandrel 220 such that the bottom surface 34 of the ejector 30 is higher than the first (lower) surface 222 of the inner mandrel 220 when the ejector is in its recessed position.

[0052] In one embodiment, the ejector 30 and the inner mandrel 220 (and / or the outer mandrel 210) can each translate in a parallel manner, optionally perpendicular to, but separate from, one another. That is, the inner mandrel 220 can move a first distance, and the ejector 30 can move a second distance, where the first and second distances are different from one another. Similarly, the inner mandrel 220 can move for a first time, and the ejector 30 can move for a second time, where the first and second times are different from one another. In one embodiment, the inner mandrel 220 and the ejector 30 can move together for a first period of time. In one embodiment, the inner mandrel 220 can have a first extension length, and the ejector 30 can have a second extension length, where the first and second extension lengths are different from one another.

[0053] In certain embodiments, the inner mandrel 220 (and / or outer mandrel 210) initially retracts vertically from the container 60 while the ejector 30 remains positioned adjacent to the composite closure 51 (shown in FIGS. 8 and 13 ) to maintain the position of the paper-based closure 51 within the container 60. In this embodiment, a space may be disposed between the outer periphery of the lower end 32 of the ejector 30 and the deformed portion 55 of the closure 51. This position ( FIGS. 8 and 13 ) may be referred to as the extended position of the ejector 30. In this embodiment, once the inner mandrel 220 has retracted beyond the peripheral edge of the container 60, in one embodiment, the ejector 30 then retracts vertically upward, back into the interior of the inner mandrel 220.

[0054] In another embodiment (see FIG. 28E ), after the sealing process is completed, the ejector 30 can extend further downward than it did during the sealing process to assist in removing the container 60 from the die assembly 300. That is, the ejector 30 can push the container 60 downward by applying pressure to the closure portion 51. Alternatively, rather than applying pressure to the closure portion 51, the ejector 30 can translate downward with the container 60 and closure portion 51 in coordination with the movement of the container assembly. In this embodiment, the ejector 30 can then retract from contact with the closure portion 51 and retract into the mandrel assembly 200.

[0055] In one embodiment, ejector 30 comprises means for delivering a controlled blast of air directed at closure 51 simultaneously with or immediately prior to retraction of ejector 30 from closure 51. In one embodiment, delivery of pressurized air can include a showerhead mechanism disposed within ejector 30. In one embodiment, mandrel assembly 200 comprises an ejector coupling 201 and a mandrel or sealing head coupling 202 (see FIG. 19 ).

[0056] The ejector 30 of the present invention avoids the problems caused by the standard mandrel retraction process. That is, standard mandrel retraction involves dragging the mandrel away from the container (or vice versa), causing friction between the mandrel and the paper-based closure. Because the mandrel and the container are separate, any relative movement of the paper-based closure can cause folds, wrinkles, and / or air bubbles to form in the seal, reducing or destroying the container's airtightness. The ejector 30 of the present invention allows for stabilization of the paper-based closure's position within the container body during the mandrel removal process (i.e., during outfeed). The ejector 30 helps ensure an airtight seal between the closure 51 and the container 60 throughout the entire paper-bottom sealing process.

[0057] After retraction of both the inner mandrel 220 and the ejector 30, the container can optionally be removed from the die assembly 300 and mandrel assembly 200 in a vertically downward manner (FIG. 10). In one embodiment, the inner mandrel 220 and outer mandrel 210 can then be completely retracted vertically upward from the die assembly 300, optionally together (FIG. 11). In one embodiment, the mandrel assembly 200 and die assembly 300 are then positioned for another insertion, bottom closure formation, and sealing process.

[0058] "Container Support Assembly" The vessel support assembly can be used to remove and / or retract the composite body 60. The container support assembly can be configured to support or maintain the metal body 60 in a desired location. The container support assembly can include a tube support member shaped to receive the metal body 60. In one embodiment, the tube support member can lift the container 60 vertically upward against the die assembly 300 and mandrel assembly 200.

[0059] In one embodiment, the container 60 is inserted into the die assembly by lifting it upward and is secured in a vertical position within the die assembly by contacting the rim or edge of the container 60 with the lower surface of the die opening 98 (see FIGS. 2-3). The container 60 is in a secured position to prevent relative vertical movement of the container 60 while the inner mandrel 220 moves in and out of the container assembly.

[0060] "Closed part" As shown in FIG. 2 , in one embodiment, the paper-based disc 50 can have an upper surface 52 and a lower surface 54 that define a sheet thickness. In one embodiment, the paper-based disc 50 can include a layered structure, i.e., a fiber layer, an oxygen barrier layer, and a sealant layer. The paper-based disc 50 can include a central portion 56 and a peripheral portion 58. In one embodiment, the central portion 56 and the peripheral portion 58 can be substantially flat. For example, the paper-based disc 50 can be cut or formed into a circular disc. In another example, the paper-based disc 50 can be cut or formed into a dome-shaped disc (not shown), whereby the central portion 56 is offset from the peripheral portion 58 along the Y-axis.

[0061] After formation, the paper-based disc 50 becomes a bottom closure 51 (FIG. 11). The bottom closure 51 can have a first deformed surface 53 and a second deformed surface 55. In one embodiment, the first deformed surface 53 can be substantially horizontal. In one embodiment, the first deformed surface 53 includes a central portion 56 of the paper-based disc. In another embodiment, the second deformed surface 55 can be substantially vertical and / or can include a peripheral portion 58 of the paper-based disc. In one embodiment, the first deformed surface 53 can be adjacent to the interior cavity of the container 60, and the second deformed surface 55 can be adjacent to an interior surface 66 of the sidewall of the container 60.

[0062] "method" In use, the sealing system 100 receives the disk 50 and seats it within the positioning portion 90 of the die assembly 300, optionally using vacuum pressure to properly seat the disk. In one embodiment, the container 60 is then lifted toward the die assembly 300 by a lift plate until the peripheral edge of the container 60 contacts the lower surface of the die 80. In this embodiment, the container inner sidewall 66 may be flush with the die opening 98. The outer mandrel 210, in one embodiment, then translates vertically downward toward the disk 50 until it contacts the peripheral portion 58 of the disk 50, holding the disk 50 in place. The downward movement of the outer mandrel 210 may occur in coordination (i.e., in unison) with the downward movement of the inner mandrel 220 and the ejector 30.

[0063] Once the outer mandrel 210 is seated adjacent the disk 50 on the disk support surface 92, the inner mandrel 220 and ejector 30 can continue to translate vertically downward toward the disk 50. The inner mandrel 220 and ejector then contact the disk 50 and urge the disk 50 downward through the die opening 98 until the disk 50 is deformed to have a flat central portion and deformed sidewalls 55 adjacent the inner sidewall 66 of the container 60. In one embodiment, pressure can be applied to the disk by the first mandrel surface 222 and / or the second mandrel surface 224 of the inner mandrel 220 (e.g., by actuating the inner mandrel 220 along the Y-axis).

[0064] The composite closure 51 can then be hermetically sealed to the container body 60. In particular, compression and heat can be applied to the composite closure 51 and / or the container body 60, causing their respective sealant layers to form a hermetic seal. In one embodiment, the heat is provided by at least the sealing member(s) 40. Similarly, the sealing member(s) 40 and the second mandrel surface 224 of the inner mandrel 220 can provide opposing pressure against the exterior surface 64 of the container 60 and / or the deformed sidewall of the closure 51.

[0065] An airtight seal according to the present disclosure can be formed by sealing member 40 at a temperature greater than about 90°C, such as, for example, from about 120°C to about 280°C, or from about 140°C to about 260°C. A suitable airtight seal can be formed by maintaining sealing member(s) 40 in contact with bottom end 62 of composite body 60 for any dwell time sufficient to heat the sealant layer to a suitable temperature to form an airtight seal, such as, for example, less than about 5 seconds, from about 0.8 seconds to about 5 seconds, or from about 1 second to about 4 seconds. Bottom closure 51 and bottom end 62 of composite body 60 can be compressed between sealing member 40 and inner mandrel 220 at any pressure less than about 30 MPa, such as a pressure of from about 1 MPa to about 22 MPa.

[0066] After compression and / or heat have been applied for a sufficient dwell time, the sealing member 40 can move away from the bottom end 62 of the container 60, such that the sealing member 40 is not in contact with the composite body 10 after the dwell time has expired ( FIG. 7 ). The inner mandrel 220 can then be retracted from the closure 51 while the ejector 30 remains in place. Once the inner mandrel 220 has at least cleared the peripheral edge of the container 60, the ejector 30 then retracts, optionally with a blast of pressurized air to aid in a smooth retraction process. The ejector 30 then retracts fully within the inner mandrel 220. The container 60 then moves away from the die assembly 300 and mandrel assembly 200 before, during, or after the mandrel assembly 200 is fully retracted from the die assembly 300.

[0067] In certain embodiments, multiple composite containers can be formed by systems and devices suitable for processing multiple paper-based discs, bottom closures, and composite containers in a synchronized manner. For example, a manufacturing system can include multiple mandrel assemblies, multiple die assemblies, and multiple tube support assemblies operating in a cooperative manner. In particular, a turreted device having multiple subassemblies, each subassembly including a mandrel assembly, a die assembly, and a tube assembly, can simultaneously or synchronously accept and process discs. Depending on the complexity of the turreted device, hundreds of individual composite containers can be produced per cycle in a cooperative manner. Thus, any of the processes described herein can be performed simultaneously. For example, when each subassembly operates in a synchronized manner, each of the following can be performed simultaneously: a first paper-based disk can be positioned over the die opening; a second paper-based disk can be constrained between the mandrel assembly and the die assembly; a third paper-based disk can be formed into a first bottom closure by insertion into the first metal body, and the third bottom closure can be hermetically sealed to the second metal body. Alternatively, any of the operations described herein can be performed simultaneously, such as by a device having multiple subassemblies.

[0068] In one embodiment, the systems and methods of the present invention allow the closure system to operate at high speeds (e.g., greater than 300 containers / minute). In another embodiment, the systems and methods of the present invention allow the closure system to operate at speeds of at least 400 containers / minute. In yet another embodiment, the systems and methods of the present invention allow the closure system to operate at speeds of at least 500 containers / minute.

[0069] It should be appreciated that the present disclosure provides an airtight closure container for packaging moisture-sensitive and / or oxygen-sensitive solid food products, such as, for example, crisp hydrocarbon-based food products, salted food products, crisp food products, potato chips, processed potato snacks, nuts, and the like. Such an airtight closure container can provide an airtight closure under widely different climatic conditions, including high and low temperatures, high and low humidity, and high and low pressure. Furthermore, the airtight closure container can be manufactured according to the methods described herein by processes including conduction heating techniques that have relatively low environmental pollution. The airtight closure container described herein has low weight, high structural stability, and can be suitable for recycling. [Example]

[0070] In the following examples, the paper bottom containers of the present invention (composite container, paper bottom, membrane cover, and overcap) were tested for various properties. The paper bottoms of the tested containers were made of flexible board (i.e., cup stock) (195 g / m²) as the paper layer. 2 (0.3 mm thick), a tie layer, aluminum foil (8 μm) as a barrier layer, and an ionomer layer (32 g / m) as a sealant layer. 2 ) was included. In some containers, a PET layer was included to protect the aluminum barrier layer. In other embodiments, an aluminum barrier layer was not included. All versions passed testing, as shown below.

[0071] [Example 1] In the high-altitude test, a container of the present invention was placed in a sealed chamber, and the pressure in the chamber was increased to at least 11 in. Hg over a period of approximately 10 minutes. If the container could withstand 10 in. Hg (simulating atmospheric pressure as the container travels over the Rocky Mountains) for at least 10 minutes, the container passed the test. If it could not, the container was listed as "missed." As used herein, "Rocker Bottoms Observed" refers to membrane and / or paper bottom doming during vacuum chamber confinement due to overpressure conditions that are normal under such conditions. After removal from the container, the doming returned to neutral. Dome formation can be considered as the membrane or paper bottom moving outward from the interior of the container so that it extends beyond the relevant cut edge of the container. Failures include leaks, peeling membranes or paper bottoms, sustained distortion after pressure is released, seam rupture or delamination, membrane or paper bottom rupture, and / or other failures that will prevent the container from meeting airtightness standards. If the membrane or paper bottom domes inward into the can upon pressure release, this can indicate a leak failure. Test results are discussed below.

[0072] [Table 1a]

[0073] Testing has shown a 99.4% success rate for the paper bottom described herein, which is acceptable.

[0074] [Table 1b]

[0075] Testing has shown an acceptable success rate of 98% for the standard laminate and 100% for the lightweight paper bottom described herein.

[0076] [Example 2] In this example, a container of the present invention was subjected to a helium leak test. Helium can be used as a tracer gas to detect leaks because it only constitutes about 5 ppm in the atmosphere, so background levels are very low. Helium also has a relatively low mass, making it mobile and completely inert / non-reactive. The sealed container of the present invention was placed in a sealed vacuum chamber, which was then filled with 130 mbar of helium. A sniffer / leak detector was connected to the container so that a sample of gas from within the container could be drawn and passed through a mass spectrometer to read any increase in helium level within the container above the background reading. In this example, the helium leak limit was 2.3 x 10 -4 mbar * The average speed was 100 s / sec. A success rate of 99.8% was observed. This result is acceptable.

[0077] [Table 2]

[0078] [Example 3] In this example, a container of the present invention was subjected to a container integrity test. The container was placed in a vacuum chamber under 200 mbar pressure, and vacuum collapse was measured over a 20-second period. The method uses pressure change measurements to indirectly measure the flow from the container into a constant volume chamber. A mass extraction variant measures the flow required to maintain the vacuum at a constant level (ASTM F2338 and ASTM F3287). If the container has a leak, it will reduce the expected vacuum inside the vacuum chamber. Vacuum loss or collapse was measured over 1 second. The pass / fail threshold was set at 42 Pa / s. A 98.6% success rate was observed. This result is acceptable.

[0079] [Table 3]

[0080] [Example 4] In this implementation, a container of the present invention was subjected to a container periodic test interval ("PTI") test. The container was placed in a vacuum chamber under 700 mbar pressure and vacuum collapse was measured over a 20 second period. Vacuum loss or collapse was measured for 1 second. The pass / fail threshold was set at 20 Pa / s. A 96% success rate was observed. This result is acceptable.

[0081] [Table 4]

[0082] [Example 5] In this example, the inventors analyzed the simulated shelf life of containers of the present invention. Containers with a 0.0% residual oxygen level were filled, sealed, and stored. The containers were then tested for residual oxygen levels after 6 and 9 months. The pass / fail threshold was set at 2.0% residual oxygen or less over these periods (a threshold of 4.0% to 4.5% can be considered acceptable after approximately 18 months). A 92% success rate was observed. This result is acceptable.

[0083] [Table 5]

[0084] [Example 6] In this example, we used the vacuum collapse method described herein to compare leakage of containers with a paper-bottom closure of the present invention to containers with a metal-bottom closure. The pressure drop was measured in Pa / s for the cans. The "blue" and "green" cans are paper-bottom containers, while the "Reference with metal end" comprises a metal-bottom container. As can be seen, the paper-bottom container has an overall smaller pressure drop during vacuum collapse than the container with a metal bottom end. Figure 29 shows a graph of the results. Overall, the paper bottom of the present invention outperformed the metal bottom in terms of consistency in avoiding leakage.

Claims

1. 1. A sealing system for hermetically sealing a closure to a container, comprising:

1. A die assembly comprising: a die having a positioning portion configured to hold a disk and a die opening adjacent to the positioning portion; at least one sealing member configured to provide heat to seal the disk to the container; a die assembly comprising:

1. A mandrel assembly comprising: an outer mandrel having an extension portion sized to fit within an inner periphery of the positioning portion; an inner mandrel configured to translate through an inner periphery of the extending portion of the outer mandrel and through the die opening; and an ejector disposed within the inner periphery of the inner mandrel; a mandrel assembly comprising: Equipped with At least the outer mandrel is configured to translate a first distance within a first period of time; the inner mandrel and the ejector are configured to translate a second distance within a second period of time; the inner mandrel is configured to retract a third distance within a third period of time; the ejector is configured to retract the third distance within a fourth period of time; the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance are different from one another; wherein each of the first period of time, the second period of time, the third period of time, and the fourth period of time are different from one another.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the closure is paper-based.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sealing member is configured to provide pressure to an exterior surface of the container.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sealing member is disposed below the die.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the extending portion of the outer mandrel has a perimeter that is greater than a perimeter of the die opening.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the outer mandrel is spring loaded.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first distance is less than the second distance.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inner mandrel, the outer mandrel, and the ejector translate together during the first period of time.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the inner mandrel and the ejector are configured to translate together the second distance within the second period of time.

10. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the ejector comprises means for delivering a controlled blast of air directed toward the closure.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the outer mandrel, the inner mandrel, and the ejector extend, translate, and retract in parallel with one another.

12. the outer mandrel extends vertically; the inner mandrel translates vertically; The system of claim 1 , wherein the ejector translates vertically.

13. 1. A method for hermetically sealing a closure to a container, comprising: Providing a die assembly, a die having a positioning portion configured to hold a disk and a die opening adjacent to the positioning portion; at least one sealing member configured to provide heat to seal the disk to the container; providing a die assembly comprising: Providing a mandrel assembly, an outer mandrel having an extension portion sized to fit within an inner periphery of the positioning portion; an inner mandrel configured to translate through the extending portion of the outer mandrel and an inner periphery of the die opening; and an ejector disposed within the inner periphery of the inner mandrel; providing a mandrel assembly comprising: translating at least the outer mandrel a first distance within a first period of time; translating the inner mandrel and the ejector a second distance within a second period of time; retracting the inner mandrel a third distance within a third period of time; retracting the ejector the third distance within a fourth period of time; Including, the first distance, the second distance, and the third distance are different from one another; The method, wherein each of the first period of time, the second period of time, the third period of time, and the fourth period of time are different from one another.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the sealing member is configured to apply pressure to an exterior surface of the container.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the extending portion of the outer mandrel has a perimeter that is greater than a perimeter of the die opening.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the outer mandrel is spring loaded.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first distance is less than the second distance.

18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inner mandrel, the outer mandrel, and the ejector translate together during the first period of time.

19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the inner mandrel and the ejector are configured to translate together the second distance within the second period of time.

20. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein each of the first period of time, the second period of time, the third period of time, and the fourth period of time are consecutive periods of time.

21. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ejector delivers a controlled blast of air directed toward the closure during retraction from the closure.

22. The method of claim 13 , wherein the outer mandrel, the inner mandrel, and the ejector extend, translate, and retract in parallel with one another.

23. the outer mandrel extends vertically; the inner mandrel translates vertically; The method of claim 13 , wherein the ejector translates vertically.

24. The method of claim 13, wherein the closure is paper-based.

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