Sulfate-free personal cleansing composition containing low inorganic salt content and hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivatives

Abstract

A transparent cleansing composition comprising: about 3% to about 35% by weight of an anionic surfactant; about 5% to about 15% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant; about 0.01% to about 2% by weight of a cationic polymer; about 0% to about 1.0% by weight of an inorganic salt; about 0.01% to about 10% of a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative; and an aqueous carrier, wherein the composition is substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants, and the composition has a T% value of greater than about 70.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to stable, clear personal cleansing compositions formulated with a substantially sulfate-free anionic surfactant, an amphoteric or amphoteric surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, and low concentrations of inorganic salts and hydroxamic acids or hydroxamic acid derivatives. [Background technology]

[0002] Most commercially available cleansing compositions, such as shampoo compositions, contain sulfate-based surfactant systems due to their high foam volume production, good foam stability, and cleaning effectiveness. However, some consumers may prefer shampoo compositions that are substantially free of sulfate-based surfactant systems. Furthermore, users of sulfate-free shampoos prefer shampoos with higher conditioning properties because shampoos with higher conditioning properties cause less hair loss. Conditioning shampoos based on sulfate-based surfactant systems typically contain cationic conditioning polymers that form coacervates with the sulfate-based surfactant systems during use. However, the use of non-sulfate surfactants in liquid shampoos can be difficult because it can be difficult to formulate a composition with acceptable foam volume, cleansing, conditioning benefits, and stability. One common problem is that using cationic conditioning polymers in products that are substantially free of sulfate-containing surfactants can cause instability. In particular, many shampoo compositions containing non-sulfate surfactants have a relatively high salt content, which can cause an in situ coacervate phase to form in the composition before use (rather than the desired formation during use). This in situ coacervate is perceived by consumers as a cloudy product or a product containing a sediment layer, which is undesirable to consumers. The presence of coacervate in a cleansing composition can lead to separation during storage and inconsistent performance during use. It has been found that reducing the salt concentration of a shampoo composition can prevent the formation of in situ coacervate before use. However, this can result in the shampoo composition becoming too thin in viscosity, making it difficult for the user to hold and apply to the hair and scalp. In these low-salt compositions, viscosity can be increased by lowering the pH. However, many non-sulfate surfactant systems can hydrolyze at low pH, causing changes in viscosity and performance over time and ultimately causing phase separation. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] Therefore, there is a need for a stable shampoo product containing one or more non-sulfated anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and cationic polymers that has sufficient viscosity during manufacture, consistent viscosity over time, and excellent product performance without forming an in situ coacervate phase in the product prior to dilution with water.

[0004] Surprisingly, it has been found that by combining low inorganic salt concentrations with hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivatives, stable products containing one or more non-sulfated anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and cationic polymers can be achieved that exhibit good viscosity at the time of manufacture, consistent viscosity over time, and good conditioning. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] A transparent cleansing composition comprising about 3% to about 35% by weight of an anionic surfactant, about 5% to about 15% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant, about 0.01% to about 2% by weight of a cationic polymer, about 0% to about 1.0% by weight of an inorganic salt, about 0.01% to about 10% of a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative, and an aqueous carrier, wherein the composition is substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants, and the composition has a T% value of greater than about 70. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0006] While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed the present disclosure will be better understood from the following description.

[0007] As used herein, the term "fluid" includes liquids and gels.

[0008] As used herein, the articles "a" and "an," when used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described.

[0009] As used herein, "comprising" means that other steps and other ingredients that do not affect the end result may be added. This term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of."

[0010] As used herein, "mixture" is meant to include simple combinations of materials and any compounds that may result from those combinations.

[0011] As used herein, "molecular weight" or "M.Wt." refers to weight average molecular weight, unless otherwise specified. Molecular weight is measured using Gel Permeation Chromatography ("GPC"), an industry standard method. Molecular weight has units of grams per mole.

[0012] As used herein, "Cleansing Composition" includes personal cleansing products such as shampoos, conditioners, conditioning shampoos, shower gels, liquid hand washes, facial cleansers, and other surfactant-based liquid compositions.

[0013] As used herein, the terms "include", "includes", and "including" are meant to be open-ended and are understood to mean "comprise", "comprises", and "comprising", respectively.

[0014] All percentages, parts and ratios are by weight of the total composition of the present invention unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not include carriers or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials.

[0015] Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition concentrations are in terms of the active portion of that component or composition and are exclusive of impurities, e.g., residual solvents or by-products, that may be present in commercial sources of such component or composition.

[0016] It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

[0017] Cleansing Composition Typically, inorganic salts are added to sulfate-based cleansing formulations to thicken the product. It has been found that adding inorganic salts to formulations that are substantially free of sulfate-containing surfactants and / or using high-inorganic-salt sulfate-free surfactants in the presence of cationic conditioning polymers can cause product instability due to the formation of an undesirable gel-like phase known as coacervate in the composition (referred to herein as "in situ coacervate" or "in situ coacervate phase," which is the coacervate that forms in the composition before dilution, as opposed to when diluted with water when the user washes their hair). Maintaining a low inorganic salt concentration (about 0% to about 1% by weight) in the formulation solves the instability problem in sulfate-free formulations containing anionic surfactants and cationic polymers. Inorganic salts may include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium bromide, and combinations thereof. Solutions can be achieved by avoiding or minimizing the addition of additional inorganic salts to the formulation and / or using low-inorganic-salt-containing raw materials. For example, commercially available sulfate-free surfactants, such as disodium cocoyl glutamate, typically contain high concentrations of inorganic salts, such as 5% or more. Amphoteric surfactants, such as betaines or sultaines, typically contain high concentrations of inorganic salts, such as sodium chloride. In sulfate-free surfactant-based cleaning formulations, using these high-salt-containing raw materials with total sodium chloride levels greater than about 1% can lead to the formation of undesirable in situ coacervates in the product. If the inorganic salt concentration is reduced in the surfactant raw materials to reduce the total salt content in the composition to less than about 1%, a stable single-phase product can be formulated. On the other hand, if standard materials with high inorganic salt levels are used, the product will be cloudy, two-phase, and unstable. The solutions described herein prevent undesirable in situ coacervate formation in the product during storage (prior to use), yet still form coacervate, if needed, during use after dilution to provide the desired wet conditioning to the consumer.

[0018] To improve wet conditioning and deposition of various conditioning actives, especially those with small droplet sizes (i.e., ≦2 microns), it is important that coacervates form when the cleansing composition is diluted with water, rather than while in the bottle during storage. In order to form coacervates in time (during use, upon dilution), cleansing compositions containing substantially sulfate-free anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and cationic polymers should maintain inorganic salt concentrations below 1%.

[0019] Compositions containing less than 1% inorganic salt concentration generally have too low viscosity, which is undesirable for consumers because it is difficult to use the product.In these low-salt compositions, viscosity can be increased by lowering pH.However, many sulfate-free surfactant systems are hydrolyzed at low pH, which can cause viscosity and performance to change over time, and ultimately lead to phase separation.Surprisingly, it has been found that when hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivatives are also used in the composition, a stable shampoo composition can be produced with an inorganic salt concentration of less than 1% that has acceptable and consistent viscosity and acceptable product performance during production and over time.

[0020] Another advantage of a higher viscosity shampoo composition is that a wider range of formulations with acceptable viscosities can be designed because other formulation ingredients are not required to build viscosity. For example, viscosity modifiers other than inorganic salts may not be required. The composition may be free of or substantially free of viscosity modifiers other than inorganic salts (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium bromide, and combinations thereof), including carbomers, crosslinked acrylic acids, hydrophobically modified associative polymers, and celluloses, as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2019 / 0105246 and 2019 / 010524, which are incorporated by reference. This may make it easier to distribute the shampoo over the user's hair and scalp.

[0021] It may be desirable for consumers to have a shampoo composition that contains minimal concentrations of ingredients. The shampoo composition may be formulated without polymeric thickeners or suspending agents, such as carbomer, EGDS, or thixotropic acid. The shampoo composition may consist of 11 or fewer ingredients, 10 or fewer ingredients, 9 or fewer ingredients, 8 or fewer ingredients, 7 or fewer ingredients, or 6 or fewer ingredients. A minimum ingredient formulation may include water, anionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, cationic polymer, inorganic salt, and fragrance. It is understood that the fragrance may be formed from one or more materials. In some embodiments, the composition may be free or substantially free of fragrance. In other embodiments, the composition may be free or substantially free of PEG (Poly Ethylene Glycol).

[0022] The cleansing composition may have less than 1 wt. % inorganic salts, as follows: about 0 wt. % to about 0.9 wt. % inorganic salts, about 0 wt. % to about 0.8 wt. % inorganic salts, about 0 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. % inorganic salts, and about 0 wt. % to about 0.2 wt. % inorganic salts. The shampoo composition may be free of viscosity modifiers other than one or more inorganic salts.

[0023] The pH, as determined by the pH test method described herein, can be from about 4 to about 8, alternatively from about 4.5 to about 7.5, alternatively from about 5 to about 7, alternatively from about 5.5 to about 6.5, alternatively from about 5.5 to about 6, alternatively from about 6 to about 6.5. The pH can be greater than about 5.0, greater than 5.25, greater than 5.5, greater than 5.75, or greater than 6.0.

[0024] The cleansing composition is transparent before dilution with water. As used herein, the term "clear" or "transparent" means that the composition has a percent transmittance (T%) of at least about 70% at 600 nm. T% may be about 70% to about 100%, about 80% to about 100%, or about 90% to about 100% at 600 nm. In the present invention, the percent transmittance (T%) may be at least about 80% at 600 nm, or the percent transmittance (T%) may be at least about 90% at 600 nm.

[0025] A. Surfactants The cleansing compositions described herein may contain one or more surfactants in the surfactant system. The one or more surfactants may be substantially free of sulfate surfactants. As can be understood, surfactants provide a cleansing effect to soiled items such as hair, skin, and hair follicles by facilitating the removal of oil and other soils. Surfactants generally facilitate such cleaning due to their amphiphilic nature, which allows the surfactant to break down and form micelles around oil and other soils, which can then be rinsed away, thereby removing them from the soiled items. Suitable surfactants for cleansing compositions may contain an anionic moiety that allows the formation of coacervates with cationic polymers. The surfactant may be selected from anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and combinations thereof.

[0026] Cleansing compositions typically use sulfate-based surfactant systems (such as, but not limited to, sodium lauryl sulfate) for their effectiveness in foam production, stability, clarity, and cleansing. The cleansing compositions described herein are substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants. As used herein, "substantially free" of sulfate-based surfactants means containing from about 0% to about 3% by weight, alternatively from about 0% to about 2% by weight, alternatively from about 0% to about 1% by weight, alternatively from about 0% to about 0.5% by weight, alternatively from about 0% to about 0.25% by weight, alternatively from about 0% to about 0.1% by weight, alternatively from about 0% to about 0.05% by weight, alternatively from about 0% to about 0.01% by weight, alternatively from about 0% to about 0.001% by weight, and / or alternatively no sulfate salts. As used herein, "free of" means 0% by weight.

[0027] Additionally, the surfactant systems described herein have from about 0% to about 1% by weight of inorganic salts.

[0028] Additionally, surfactants can be added to the composition as a solution rather than as a neat material, but the solution can include inorganic salts that can be added to the formulation. The surfactant formulation can have inorganic salts that can be from about 0% to about 2%, alternatively from about 0.1% to about 1.5%, alternatively from about 0.2% to about 1% of the inorganic salt in the final composition.

[0029] Suitable surfactants that are substantially sulfate-free may include sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of isethionic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sulfonic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of ether sulfonic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sulfosuccinic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sulfoacetic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of glycinic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sarcosinic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of glutamic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of alanic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of carboxylic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of tauric acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of phosphate esters, and combinations thereof.

[0030] The concentration of surfactant in the composition should be sufficient to provide the desired cleansing and lathering performance. The cleansing composition may comprise a total surfactant concentration of about 6% to about 50% by weight, about 5% to about 35% by weight, about 10% to about 50% by weight, about 15% to about 45% by weight, about 20% to about 40% by weight, about 22% to about 35% by weight, and / or about 25% to about 30% by weight.

[0031] The surfactant system may include one or more amino acid-based anionic surfactants. Non-limiting examples of amino acid-based anionic surfactants may include sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of acylglycinic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of acylsarcosinic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of acylglutamic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of acylalanic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0032] The amino acid-based anionic surfactant can be glutamic acid, e.g., acyl glutamic acid. The composition can contain an acyl glutamic acid concentration of about 2% to about 22% by weight, about 3% to about 19% by weight, 4% to about 17% by weight, and / or about 5% to about 15% by weight.

[0033] Non-limiting examples of acyl glutamates include sodium cocoyl glutamate, disodium cocoyl glutamate, ammonium cocoyl glutamate, diammonium cocoyl glutamate, sodium lauroyl glutamate, disodium lauroyl glutamate, cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein sodium glutamate, cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein disodium glutamate, potassium cocoyl glutamate, dipotassium cocoyl glutamate, potassium lauroyl glutamate, dipotassium lauroyl glutamate, cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein potassium glutamate, cocoyl hydrolyzed wheat protein dipotassium glutamate, sodium capryloyl glutamate, disodium capryloyl glutamate, potassium capryloyl glutamate, dipotassium capryloyl glutamate, sodium undecylenoyl glutamate, disodium undecylenoyl glutamate, potassium undecylenoyl glutamate, undecylenoyl glutamate, The stearoyl glutamate may be selected from the group consisting of sodium stearoyl glutamate, disodium stearoyl glutamate, potassium stearoyl glutamate, dipotassium stearoyl glutamate, sodium myristoyl glutamate, disodium myristoyl glutamate, potassium myristoyl glutamate, dipotassium myristoyl glutamate, cocoyl / hydrogenated tallow sodium glutamate, cocoyl / palmoyl / sunfloweroyl sodium glutamate, hydrogenated tallow sodium glutamate, sodium olivoyl glutamate, disodium olivoyl glutamate, sodium palmoyl glutamate, disodium palmoyl glutamate, TEA-cocoyl glutamate, TEA-hydrogenated tallow oil glutamate, TEA-lauroyl glutamic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0034] The amino acid-based anionic surfactant may be an alanine acid, such as an acylalanine acid. Non-limiting examples of the acylalanine acid include sodium cocoyl alalanine, sodium lauroyl alalanine, sodium N-dodecanoyl-l-alalanine, and combinations thereof. The composition may contain an acylalanine acid concentration of about 2% to about 20% by weight, about 7% to about 15% by weight, and / or about 8% to about 12% by weight.

[0035] The amino acid-based anionic surfactant may be a sarcosinate, such as an acyl sarcosinate. Non-limiting examples of sarcosinates include sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, TEA-cocoyl sarcosinate, ammonium cocoyl sarcosinate, ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate, dimer dilinoleyl bis-lauroyl glutamate / lauroyl sarcosinate, disodium lauroamphodiacetate lauroyl sarcosinate (disodium lauroamphodiacetate lauroyl sarcosinate), isoprenoid sarcosinate, sucralose ... The hydroxybenzoate may be selected from the group consisting of hydroxybenzoate, ...

[0036] The amino acid-based anionic surfactant may be a glycinate, such as an acylglycinate. Non-limiting examples of acylglycinates may include sodium cocoylglycinate, sodium lauroylglycinate, and combinations thereof.

[0037] The composition may contain an additional anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinic acid, isethionic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfoacetic acid, glucose carboxylic acid, alkyl ether carboxylic acid, acyltauric acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0038] Non-limiting examples of sulfosuccinic acid surfactants may include disodium N-octadecyl sulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, diammonium lauryl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, tetrasodium N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecyl sulfosuccinate, diamyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate, dihexyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate, dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate, and combinations thereof. The composition may comprise a sulfosuccinic acid concentration of about 2% to about 22% by weight, about 3% to about 19% by weight, 4% to about 17% by weight, and / or about 5% to about 15% by weight.

[0039] Suitable isethionic surfactants may include the reaction product of fatty acid esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide.Suitable fatty acids for isethionic surfactants may be derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil, including methyl tauride amides.Non-limiting examples of isethionic acid may be selected from the group consisting of sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, hydrogenated sodium cocoyl methyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium cocoyl methyl isethionate, sodium myristoyl isethionate, sodium oleoyl isethionate, sodium oleyl methyl isethionate, sodium palm kernel oil isethionate, sodium stearoyl methyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.

[0040] Non-limiting examples of sulfonic acids can include alpha-olefin sulfonic acid, linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium lauryl glucoside hydroxypropyl sulfonic acid, and combinations thereof.

[0041] Non-limiting examples of sulfoacetic acids can include sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, ammonium lauryl sulfoacetate, and combinations thereof.

[0042] Non-limiting examples of glucose carboxylic acids can include sodium lauryl glucoside carboxylate, sodium cocoyl glucoside carboxylate, and combinations thereof.

[0043] Non-limiting examples of alkyl ether carboxylic acids can include sodium laureth-4 carboxylate, laureth-5 carboxylic acid, laureth-13 carboxylic acid, sodium C12-13 pareth-8 carboxylate, sodium C12-15 pareth-8 carboxylate, and combinations thereof.

[0044] Non-limiting examples of acyltaurates can include sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium methyl lauroyl taurate, sodium caproyl methyl taurate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, and combinations thereof.

[0045] The surfactant system may further comprise one or more amphoteric surfactants, which may be selected from the group consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultans, amphohydroxypropylsulfonic acids, alkylamphoacetic acids, alkylamphodiacetic acids, and combinations thereof.

[0046] Examples of betaine amphoteric surfactants may include coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, coco amidopropyl betaine (CAPB), coco betaine, lauryl amidopropyl betaine (LAPB), coco betaine, cetyl betaine, oleyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alpha carboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfobetaines may include cocodimethylsulfopropyl betaine, stearyldimethylsulfopropyl betaine, lauryldimethylsulfoethyl betaine, laurylbis-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfopropyl betaine, and mixtures thereof.

[0047] Non-limiting examples of alkylamphoacetates can include sodium cocoylamphoacetate, sodium lauroylamphoacetate, and combinations thereof.

[0048] Amphoteric surfactants may include cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB), and combinations thereof.

[0049] The cleansing composition may comprise an amphoteric surfactant at a concentration of about 0.5% to about 20% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, about 2% to about 13% by weight, about 3% to about 15% by weight, and / or about 5% to about 10% by weight.

[0050] The surfactant system may have a weight ratio of anionic surfactant to amphoteric surfactant of from about 0.4:1 to about 1.25:1, from about 0.5:1 to about 1.1:1, or from about 0.6:1 to about 1:1. In some examples, the ratio of anionic surfactant to amphoteric surfactant may be less than 1.1:1, or even less than 1:1.

[0051] The surfactant system may further comprise one or more non-ionic surfactants, which may be selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl glycosides, acyl glucamides, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of alkyl glucosides may include decyl glucoside, cocoyl glucoside, lauroyl glucoside, and combinations thereof.

[0052] Non-limiting examples of acyl glucamides can include lauroyl / myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl / caproyl methyl glucamide, lauroyl / myristoyl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, and combinations thereof.

[0053] The composition may contain a nonionic cleansing surfactant, which may include cocamide, cocamide methyl MEA (Mono Ethanol Amine), cocamide DEA (Di Ethanol Amine), cocamide MEA, cocamide MIPA (Mono Iso Propanol Amine), lauramide DEA, lauramide MEA, lauramide MIPA, myristamide DEA, myristamide MEA, PEG-20 cocamide MEA, PEG-2 cocamide, PEG-3 cocamide, PEG-4 cocamide, PEG-5 cocamide, PEG-6 cocamide, PEG-7 cocamide, PEG-3 lauramide, PEG-5 lauramide, PEG-3 oleamide, PPG (Poly Propylene Glycol)-2 cocamide, PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide, and mixtures thereof.

[0054] B. Cationic polymers The cleansing composition may include a cationic polymer that allows the formation of coacervates.As can be understood, the cationic charge of the cationic polymer may interact with the anionic charge of the surfactant to form coacervates.Suitable cationic polymers may include (a) cationic guar polymers, (b) cationic non-guar galactomannan polymers, (c) cationic starch polymers, (d) cationic copolymers of acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers, (e) synthetic non-crosslinked cationic polymers that may or may not form lyotropic liquid crystals when combined with cleansing surfactants, and (f) cationic cellulose polymers.In certain embodiments, two or more cationic polymers may be included.

[0055] The cationic polymer may be present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 3% by weight, about 0.075% to about 2.0% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight of the cleansing composition. The cationic polymer may have a cationic charge density of about 0.2 meq / g to about 2.2 meq / g, about 0.3 meq / g to about 2.0 meq / g, about 0.4 meq / g to about 1.8 meq / g, about 0.5 meq / g to about 1.7 meq / g, or about 0.6 meq / g to about 1.3 meq / g. The charge density may be measured at the pH of the intended use of the cleansing composition (e.g., about pH 3 to about pH 9, or about pH 4 to about pH 8). The average molecular weight of the cationic polymer can generally be about 10,000 to about 10,000,000, about 50,000 to about 5,000,000, about 100,000 to about 3,000,000, about 300,000 to about 3,000,000, and about 100,000 to about 2,500,000. Low molecular weight cationic polymers can be used. Low molecular weight cationic polymers can have greater translucency in the liquid carrier of the cleansing composition. The cationic polymer can be a single type, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, a cationic guar polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 2,500,000 g / mol or less, and the cleansing composition can contain additional cationic polymers of the same or different types.

[0056] Cationic Guar Polymer The cationic polymer may be a cationic guar polymer, which is a cationically substituted galactomannan (guar) gum derivative. Suitable guar gum derivatives may be obtained as a naturally occurring material from the seeds of the guar plant. As can be seen, the guar molecule is a linear mannan in which single-membered galactose units branch at regular intervals on alternating mannose units. The mannose units are linked to each other by β(1-4) glycosidic bonds. The galactose branches are formed by α(1-6) bonds. The cationic derivative of guar gum may be obtained through the reaction between the hydroxyl groups of the polygalactomannan and a reactive quaternary ammonium compound. The degree of substitution of the cationic groups on the guar structure may be sufficient to provide the required cationic charge density described above.

[0057] The cationic guar polymer may have a weight average molecular weight ("molecular weight (M.Wt.)") of less than about 3,000,000 g / mol and a charge density of from about 0.05 meq / g to about 2.5 meq / g. Alternatively, the cationic guar polymer may have a weight average molecular weight of less than 1,500,000 g / mol, from about 150,000 g / mol to about 1,500,000 g / mol, from about 200,000 g / mol to about 1,500,000 g / mol, from about 300,000 g / mol to about 1,500,000 g / mol, and from about 700,000,000 g / mol to about 1,500,000 g / mol. The cationic guar polymers can have a charge density of from about 0.2 meq / g to about 2.2 meq / g, from about 0.3 meq / g to about 2.0 meq / g, from about 0.4 meq / g to about 1.8 meq / g, from about 0.5 meq / g to about 1.7 meq / g, and from about 0.6 meq / g to about 1.3 meq / g.

[0058] The cationic guar polymer may have a weight average molecular weight of less than about 1,000,000 g / mol and may have a charge density of from about 0.1 meq / g to about 2.5 meq / g. The cationic guar polymer may have a weight average molecular weight of less than 900,000 g / mol, from about 150,000 to about 800,000 g / mol, from about 200,000 g / mol to about 700,000 g / mol, from about 300,000 to about 700,000 g / mol, from about 400,000 to about 600,000 g / mol, from about 150,000 g / mol to about 800,000 g / mol, from about 200,000 g / mol to about 700,000 g / mol, from about 300,000 g / mol to about 700,000 g / mol, and from about 400,000 g / mol to about 600,000 g / mol. The cationic guar polymers have a charge density of from about 0.2 meq / g to about 2.2 meq / g, from about 0.3 meq / g to about 2.0 meq / g, from about 0.4 meq / g to about 1.8 meq / g, and from about 0.5 meq / g to about 1.5 meq / g.

[0059] The cleansing composition may comprise from about 0.01% to less than about 0.7%, from about 0.04% to about 0.55%, from about 0.08% to about 0.5%, from about 0.16% to about 0.5%, from about 0.2% to about 0.5%, from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, and from about 0.4% to about 0.5% by weight of the cleansing composition of cationic guar polymer.

[0060] Cationic guar polymers may be formed from quaternary ammonium compounds conforming to the following general formula II:

[0061] [ka] In the formula, R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 is a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R 6 is an epoxyalkyl group of the following general formula III:

[0062] [ka] Or R 6 is a halohydrin group of general formula IV:

[0063] [ka] In the formula, R 7 is a C1-C3 alkylene, X is chlorine or bromine, and Z is an anion such as Cl-, Br-, I-, or HSO4-.

[0064] Suitable cationic guar polymers may conform to the following general formula V:

[0065] [ka] In the formula, R 8 is guar gum, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 is as defined above and Z is a halogen. Suitable cationic guar polymers may conform to the following formula VI:

[0066] [ka] In the formula, R 8 is guar gum.

[0067] Suitable cationic guar polymers may also include cationic guar gum derivatives such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride. Suitable examples of guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride include the Jaguar series available from Solvay SA, the Hi-Care series available from Rhodia, and N-Hance and AquaCat available from Ashland Inc. Jaguar C-500 has a charge density of 0.8 meq / g and a molecular weight of 500,000 g / mol; Optima has a cationic charge density of about 1.25 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 500,000 g / mole, Jaguar® C-17 has a cationic charge density of about 0.6 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 2,200,000 g / mole, Jaguar® and a cationic charge density of about 0.8 meq / g, Hi-Care 1000 has a charge density of about 0.7 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 600,000 g / mole, N-Hance 3269 and N-Hance 3270 have a charge density of about 0.7 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 425,000 g / mole, N-Hance 3196 has a charge density of about 0.8 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 1,100,000 g / mole, and AquaCat CG518 has a charge density of about 0.9 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 50,000 g / mol. N-Hance BF-13 and N-Hance BF-17 are borate (boron)-free guar polymers. N-Hance BF-13 has a charge density of about 1.1 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 800,000, and N-Hance BF-17 has a charge density of about 1.7 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 800,000. BF-17 has a charge density of about 1.7 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 800,000. BF-17 has a charge density of about 1.7 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 800,000. BF-17 has a charge density of about 1.7 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 800,000.

[0068] Cationic Non-Guar Galactomannan Polymers The cationic polymer may be a galactomannan polymer derivative. Suitable galactomannan polymers may have a mannose to galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis and may be a cationic galactomannan polymer derivative or an amphoteric galactomannan polymer derivative having a net positive charge. As used herein, the term "cationic galactomannan" refers to a galactomannan polymer to which cationic groups have been added. The term "amphoteric galactomannan" refers to a galactomannan polymer to which cationic and anionic groups have been added such that the polymer has a net positive charge.

[0069] Galactomannan polymers can be present in the endosperm of legume seeds. Galactomannan polymers are composed of a combination of mannose and galactose monomers. Galactomannan molecules are linear mannans with single-membered galactose units branching at regular intervals on specific mannose units. The mannose units are linked to each other by β(1-4) glycosidic bonds. Galactose branches occur via α(1-6) linkages. The ratio of mannose monomers to galactose monomers varies depending on the plant species and may also be affected by climate. Non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives can have a mannose-to-galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a monomer-to-monomer basis. Suitable mannose-to-galactose ratios can also be greater than 3:1 or greater than 4:1. Analysis of the mannose-to-galactose ratio is well known in the art and is typically based on measuring galactose content.

[0070] Gums used in preparing the non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives can be obtained from naturally occurring materials such as plant seeds or beans. Examples of various non-guar galactomannan polymers include tara gum (3 parts mannose / 1 part galactose), carob or lob (4 parts mannose / 1 part galactose), and cassia gum (5 parts mannose / 1 part galactose).

[0071] The non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives can have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 g / mol to about 10,000,000 g / mol, and from about 5,000 g / mol to about 3,000,000 g / mol.

[0072] The cleansing compositions described herein may contain a galactomannan polymer derivative having a cationic charge density of about 0.5 meq / g to about 7 meq / g. The galactomannan polymer derivative may have a cationic charge density of about 1 meq / g to about 5 meq / g. The degree of substitution of cationic groups onto the galactomannan structure may be sufficient to provide the required cationic charge density.

[0073] The galactomannan polymer derivatives can be cationic derivatives of non-guar galactomannan polymers obtained by reacting the hydroxyl groups of the polygalactomannan polymer with a reactive quaternary ammonium compound. Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds for use in forming the cationic galactomannan polymer derivatives include those conforming to general formulas II-VI, as defined above.

[0074] The cationic non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives formed from the above-described reagents may be represented by the following general formula VII:

[0075] [ka] wherein R is a gum. The cationic galactomannan derivative may be gum hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, which may more specifically be represented by the following general formula VIII:

[0076] [ka]

[0077] The galactomannan polymer derivative can be an amphoteric galactomannan polymer derivative having a net positive charge, which is obtained when the cationic galactomannan polymer derivative further comprises an anionic group.

[0078] Cationic non-guar galactomannans can have a mannose to galactose ratio of greater than about 4:1, a molecular weight of about 100,000 g / mol to about 500,000 g / mol, a molecular weight of about 50,000 g / mol to about 400,000 g / mol, and a cationic charge density of about 1 meq / g to about 5 meq / g, and about 2 meq / g to about 4 meq / g.

[0079] The cleansing composition may comprise at least about 0.05% of the galactomannan polymer derivative by weight of the composition.The cleansing composition may comprise from about 0.05% to about 2% of the galactomannan polymer derivative by weight of the composition.

[0080] Cationic Starch Polymer Suitable cationic polymers may also be water-soluble cationically modified starch polymers. As used herein, the term "cationically modified starch" refers to starch to which cationic groups have been added before the starch is degraded to smaller molecular weights, or to starch to which cationic groups have been added after the starch has been modified to achieve a desired molecular weight. The definition of the term "cationically modified starch" also includes amphoterically modified starch. The term "amphoterically modified starch" refers to a starch hydrolysate to which cationic and anionic groups have been added.

[0081] The cleansing compositions described herein may comprise cationic modified starch polymers in the range of about 0.01% to about 10%, and / or about 0.05% to about 5%, by weight of the composition.

[0082] The cationically modified starch polymers disclosed herein have a percentage of bound nitrogen of from about 0.5% to about 4%.

[0083] The cationically modified starch polymers can have a molecular weight of from about 850,000 g / mol to about 15,000,000 g / mol, and from about 900,000 g / mol to about 5,000,000 g / mol.

[0084] Cationic modified starch polymers may have a charge density of about 0.2 meq / g to about 5 meq / g, and about 0.2 meq / g to about 2 meq / g. Chemical modifications to achieve such charge densities may include the addition of amino and / or ammonium groups to the starch molecule. Non-limiting examples of such ammonium groups may include substituents such as hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, trimethylhydroxypropylammonium chloride, dimethylstearylhydroxypropylammonium chloride, and dimethyldodecylhydroxypropylammonium chloride. Further details are provided in Solarek, DB, *Cationic Starches in Modified Starches: Properties and Uses*, Wurzburg, OB, Ed., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla., 1986, pp. 113-125, which is incorporated herein by reference. Cationic groups may be added to the starch before it is degraded to smaller molecular weights, or the cationic groups may be added after such modification.

[0085] Cationic modified starch polymers may have a degree of substitution of cationic groups of from about 0.2 to about 2.5. As used herein, the "degree of substitution" of a cationically modified starch polymer is the average number of hydroxyl groups on each anhydroglucose unit that are derivatized with a substituent. Because each anhydroglucose unit has three potential hydroxyl groups available for substitution, the maximum possible degree of substitution is 3. The degree of substitution is expressed on a molar average basis as the number of moles of substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit. The degree of substitution can be determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ("proton nuclear magnetic resonance"), a method well known in the art. 1 The amount of the hydroxyl group can be determined using 1 H NMR ("H NMR") techniques. 1 Examples of H NMR methods include those described in "Observation on NMR Spectra of Starches in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Iodine-Complexing, and Solvating in Water-Dimethyl Sulfoxide," Qin-Ji Peng and Arthur S. Perlin, Carbohydrate Research, 160 (1987), 57-72, and "An Approach to the Structural Analysis of Oligosaccharides by NMR Spectroscopy," J. Howard Bradbury and J. Grant Collins, Carbohydrate Research, 71 (1979), 15-25.

[0086] The starch source before chemical modification can be selected from various sources, such as tubers, legumes, cereals, and grains. For example, the starch source can include corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, waxy corn starch, oat starch, cassava starch, waxy barley, waxy rice starch, glutenous rice starch, sweet rice starch, amioca, potato starch, tapioca starch, oat starch, sago starch, sweet rice, or a mixture thereof. Suitable cationically modified starch polymers can be selected from degraded cationic corn starch, cationic tapioca, cationic potato starch, and a mixture thereof. The cationically modified starch polymers are cationic corn starch and cationic tapioca.

[0087] Starch may include one or more additional modifications before or after degradation to smaller molecular weights. For example, these modifications may include cross-linking, stabilization, phosphorylation, and hydrolysis. Stabilization may include alkylation and esterification.

[0088] The cationically modified starch polymer may be included in the cleansing composition in the form of hydrolyzed starch (e.g., acid, enzymatic, or alkaline degradation), oxidized starch (e.g., peroxide, peracid, hypochlorite, alkali, or any other oxidizing agent), physically / mechanically degraded starch (e.g., by the thermal mechanical energy input of processing equipment), or a combination thereof.

[0089] Starch can be easily dissolved in water and can form a substantially translucent solution in water.The transmittance of the composition is measured by ultraviolet-visible (UV / VIS) absorbance measurement, which uses a Gretag Macbeth Colorimeter Color to measure the absorption or transmission of UV / VIS light of a sample.It has been shown that a light wavelength of 600 nm is suitable for characterizing the transparency of cleansing compositions.

[0090] Cationic copolymer of acrylamide monomer and cationic monomer The cleansing composition can include a cationic copolymer of acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers, the copolymer having a charge density of about 1.0 meq / g to about 3.0 meq / g. The cationic copolymer can be a synthetic cationic copolymer of acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers.

[0091] Suitable cationic polymers may include: (i) an acrylamide monomer of formula IX:

[0092] [ka] In the formula, R 9 is H or C 1~4 alkyl, and R 10 and R 11 is H, C 1~4 independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, CH2OCH3, CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2, and phenyl, or together selected from the group consisting of C 3~6 is cycloalkyl, (ii) a cationic monomer conforming to the formula X:

[0093] [ka] wherein k=1, each of v, v′, and v″ is independently an integer from 1 to 6, w is zero or an integer from 1 to 10, and X - is an anion.

[0094] The cationic monomer may conform to the formula X, where k=1, v=3, and w=0, z=1; - is Cl - and forms the following structure (Formula XI):

[0095] [ka]

[0096] As can be appreciated, the above structure can be referred to as a diquat.

[0097] The cationic monomer may conform to the formula X, where v and v″ are each 3, v′=1, w=1, y=1, and X - is Cl - which forms the following structure of formula XII:

[0098] [ka]

[0099] The structure of formula XII can be referred to as a triquat.

[0100] The acrylamide monomer can be either acrylamide or methacrylamide.

[0101] The cationic copolymer can be AM:TRIQUAT, which is a copolymer of acrylamide and 1,3-propanediaminium, N-[2-[[[dimethyl[3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]propyl]ammonio]acetyl]amino]ethyl]2-hydroxy-N,N,N',N',N'-pentamethyl-, trichloride. AM:TRIQUAT is also known as polyquaternium 76 (PQ76). AM:TRIQUAT can have a charge density of 1.6 meq / g and a molecular weight of 1,100,000 g / mol.

[0102] The cationic copolymer may comprise an acrylamide monomer and a cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide, ethyleneimine, vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylic acid chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulfate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyldimethylammonium ethyl acrylic acid chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, trimethylammonium propyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

[0103] The cationic copolymer may comprise a cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylic acid chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl methyl (meth)acrylate sulfate, dimethylammonium ethyl benzyl (meth)acrylate chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyldimethylammonium ethyl acrylic acid chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, trimethylammonium propyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

[0104] The cationic copolymer may be formed from (1) a copolymer of (meth)acrylamide and a (meth)acrylamide-based cationic monomer and / or a hydrolytically stable cationic monomer, and (2) a terpolymer of (meth)acrylamide, a cationic (meth)acrylic acid ester-based monomer, a (meth)acrylamide-based monomer, and / or a hydrolytically stable cationic monomer. The cationic (meth)acrylic acid ester-based monomer may be a cationized ester of (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized nitrogen atom. The cationized ester of (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized nitrogen atom may be a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylic acid quaternized at C1 to C3 in the alkyl and alkylene groups. The cationized ester of (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized nitrogen atom may be selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts of dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylic acid, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylic acid, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylic acid, diethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylic acid, diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylic acid, and diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylic acid quaternized with methyl chloride. The cationized ester of (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized nitrogen atom may be dimethylaminoethyl acrylic acid quaternized with an alkyl halide, or with methyl chloride, benzyl chloride, or dimethyl sulfate (ADAME-Quat). When the cationic monomer is based on (meth)acrylamide, it is a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamide quaternized at C1 to C3 in the alkyl and alkylene groups, or dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide quaternized with an alkyl halide, or with methyl chloride, benzyl chloride, or dimethyl sulfate.

[0105] The (meth)acrylamide-based cationic monomer may be a dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide quaternized at C1 to C3 in the alkyl and alkylene groups. The (meth)acrylamide-based cationic monomer may be a dimethylaminopropylacrylamide quaternized with an alkyl halide, in particular with methyl chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate.

[0106] The cationic monomer may be a hydrolytically stable cationic monomer. In addition to dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamide, the hydrolytically stable cationic monomer may be any monomer that can be deemed stable to the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) hydrolysis test. The cationic monomer may be hydrolytically stable, and the hydrolytically stable cationic monomer may be selected from the group consisting of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and water-soluble cationic styrene derivatives.

[0107] The cationic copolymer can be a terpolymer of acrylamide, 2-dimethylammoniumethyl(meth)acrylic acid quaternized with methyl chloride (ADAME-Q), and 3-dimethylammoniumpropyl(meth)acrylamide quaternized with methyl chloride (DIMAPA-Q). The cationic copolymer can be formed from acrylamide and acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, where the acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride has a charge density of about 1.0 meq / g to about 3.0 meq / g.

[0108] The cationic copolymer can have a charge density of from about 1.1 meq / g to about 2.5 meq / g, from about 1.1 meq / g to about 2.3 meq / g, from about 1.2 meq / g to about 2.2 meq / g, from about 1.2 meq / g to about 2.1 meq / g, from about 1.3 meq / g to about 2.0 meq / g, and from about 1.3 meq / g to about 1.9 meq / g.

[0109] The cationic copolymer can have a molecular weight of from about 100,000 g / mol to about 2,000,000 g / mol, from about 300,000 g / mol to about 1,800,000 g / mol, from about 500,000 g / mol to about 1,600,000 g / mol, from about 700,000 g / mol to about 1,400,000 g / mol, and from about 900,000 g / mol to about 1,200,000 g / mol.

[0110] The cationic copolymer can be trimethylammoniopropyl methacrylamide chloride-N-acrylamide copolymer, also known as AM:MAPTAC. AM:MAPTAC can have a charge density of about 1.3 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 1,100,000 g / mol. The cationic copolymer can be AM:ATPAC. AM:ATPAC can have a charge density of about 1.8 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 1,100,000 g / mol.

[0111] synthetic polymers The cationic polymer is i) one or more cationic monomer units, and optionally ii) one or more monomeric units that have a negative charge, and / or iii) non-ionic monomers, Here, the subsequent charge of the copolymer is positive. The ratio of these three monomers is represented by "m", "p", and "q", where "m" is the number of cationic monomers, "p" is the number of monomers with a negative charge, and "q" is the number of nonionic monomers.

[0112] The cationic polymer may be a water-soluble or dispersible, non-crosslinked synthetic cationic polymer having the structure of Formula XIII:

[0113] [ka] wherein A may be one or more of the following cationic moieties:

[0114] [ka] wherein @ is an amide, alkylamide, ester, ether, alkyl, or alkylaryl; In the formula, Y is C1 to C22 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylidene, alkyl, or aryloxy; In the formula, ψ is C1 to C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, alkylaryl, or alkylaryloxy; In the formula, Z is C1 to C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, aryl, or aryloxy; wherein R1 is H, C1-C4 linear alkyl or branched alkyl; wherein s is 0 or 1, and n is 0 or ≧1; In the formula, T and R7 are C1-C22 alkyl; X- is a halogen, hydroxide, alkoxide, sulfate, or alkyl sulfate.

[0115] In the above structure, the negatively charged monomer is defined by R2' being H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, and R3 being:

[0116] [ka] wherein D is O, N, or S; wherein Q is NH or O; In the formula, u is 1 to 6, In the formula, t is 0 to 1, where J is an oxygenated functional group containing the following elements: P, S, C.

[0117] In the above structure, the nonionic monomer is one in which R2″ is H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, R6 is linear or branched alkyl, alkylaryl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, alkylaryloxy, and β is

[0118] [ka] is defined as wherein G′ and G″ are independently O, S, or NH; and L is 0 or 1.

[0119] Suitable monomers may include aminoalkyl(meth)acrylic acids, (meth)aminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides, monomers containing at least one secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amine functional group, or a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, vinylamine, or ethyleneimine, diallyldialkylammonium salts, mixtures thereof, salts thereof, and macromonomers derived therefrom.

[0120] Further examples of suitable cationic monomers may include dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide, ethyleneimine, vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylic acid chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylic acid methyl sulfate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyldimethylammonium ethyl acrylic acid chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, trimethylammonium propyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride, diallyldimethylammonium chloride.

[0121] Suitable cationic monomers include those of the formula -NR3 +where each R may be the same or different and may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, optionally having a hydroxyl group, and including an anion (counterion). Examples of suitable anions include halides such as chloride and bromide, sulfate, hydrosulfate, alkyl sulfates (e.g., containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms), phosphate, citrate, formate, and acetate.

[0122] Suitable cationic monomers may also include trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylic acid chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylic acid methyl sulfate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylic acid benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyldimethylammonium ethyl acrylic acid chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, trimethylammonium propyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride. Additional suitable cationic monomers may include trimethylammonium propyl (meth)acrylamide chloride.

[0123] Examples of negatively charged monomers include alpha-ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing phosphoric or phosphonic acid groups, alpha-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, mono-alkyl esters of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, mono-alkyl amides of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, alpha-ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing sulfonic acid groups, and salts of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing sulfonic acid groups.

[0124] Suitable negatively charged monomers may include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, salts of vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl benzene sulfonic acid, salts of vinyl benzene sulfonic acid, alpha-acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid, salts of alpha-acrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylic acid, salts of 2-sulfoethyl methacrylic acid, acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), salts of acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, and styrene sulfonate (SS).

[0125] Examples of nonionic monomers may include vinyl acetate, amides of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with hydrogenated or fluorinated alcohols, polyethylene oxide (meth)acrylic acid (i.e., polyethoxylated (meth)acrylic acid), monoalkyl esters of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkyl amides of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinylamine amides, vinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone, and vinyl aromatic compounds.

[0126] Suitable nonionic monomers may also include styrene, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylic acid, ethyl acrylic acid, n-propyl acrylic acid, n-butyl acrylic acid, methyl methacrylic acid, ethyl methacrylic acid, n-propyl methacrylic acid, n-butyl methacrylic acid, 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylic acid, 2-ethyl-hexyl methacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylic acid, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid.

[0127] Anionic counterions (X) associated with synthetic cationic polymers -) can be any well-known counterion so long as the polymer remains soluble or dispersible in water, the cleansing composition, or the coacervate phase of the cleansing composition, and so long as the counterion is physically and chemically compatible with the essential components of the cleansing composition or does not otherwise unduly impair product performance, stability, or aesthetics. Non-limiting examples of suitable counterions can include halides (e.g., chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine), sulfate, and methylsulfate.

[0128] The cationic polymers described herein can also help repair damaged hair, particularly chemically treated hair, by providing a substitute hydrophobic F-layer. The microscopically thin F-layer helps seal in moisture and prevents further damage while providing natural weather resistance. Chemical treatment damages the hair cuticle, causing the protective F-layer to peel off from the hair. As the F-layer peels off, the hair becomes more hydrophilic. It has been found that when lyotropic liquid crystals are applied to chemically treated hair, the hair becomes more hydrophobic, and looks and feels more like untreated hair. Without being bound by any theory, it is believed that the lyotropic liquid crystal complex forms a hydrophobic layer or film that coats and protects the hair fiber in the same way that a natural F-layer protects hair. The hydrophobic layer can generally restore hair to a healthier state, similar to untreated hair. Lyotropic liquid crystal is formed by combining the synthetic cationic polymer described herein with the anionic cleansing surfactant component of the above-mentioned cleansing composition.The charge density of synthetic cationic polymer is relatively high.It should be noted that some synthetic polymers with relatively high cationic charge density do not form lyotropic liquid crystal, mainly due to their abnormal linear charge density.Such synthetic cationic polymer is described in WO94 / 06403, which is incorporated by reference.The synthetic polymer described herein can be formulated into a stable cleansing composition, which provides improved conditioning performance for damaged hair.

[0129] The cationic synthetic polymer capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystals has a cationic charge density of about 2 meq / gm to about 7 meq / gm, and / or about 3 meq / gm to about 7 meq / gm, and / or about 4 meq / gm to about 7 meq / gm. The cationic charge density is about 6.2 meq / gm. The polymer also has a molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 5,000,000, and / or about 10,000 to about 2,000,000, and / or about 100,000 to about 2,000,000.

[0130] Cationic synthetic polymers that provide enhanced conditioning and deposition of benefit agents, but do not necessarily form lyotropic liquid crystals, may have a cationic charge density of from about 0.7 meq / gm to about 7 meq / gm, and / or from about 0.8 meq / gm to about 5 meq / gm, and / or from about 1.0 meq / gm to about 3 meq / gm. The polymers also have molecular weights of from about 1,000 g / mole to about 5,000,000 g / mole, from about 10,000 g / mole to about 2,000,000 g / mole, and from about 100,000 g / mole to about 2,000,000 g / mole.

[0131] Cationic Cellulose Polymer Suitable cationic polymers may be cellulose polymers. The cationic cellulose polymers may have a cationic charge density of about 0.2 meq / g to about 2.2 meq / g, about 0.3 meq / g to about 2.0 meq / g, about 0.4 meq / g to about 1.8 meq / g, about 0.5 meq / g to about 1.7 meq / g, and about 0.6 meq / g to about 1.3 meq / g. Suitable cellulose polymers may include salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethylammonium-substituted epoxides, referred to in the industry (Cosmetic Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA), now known as "PCPC") as Polyquaternium 10, available from Dwo / Amerchol Corp. (Edison, New Jersey, USA) as Polymer LR, JR, and KG series polymers. Other suitable types of cationic celluloses may include polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryldimethylammonium-substituted epoxides, referred to in the art (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available from Dow / Amerchol Corp. under the trade name Polymer LM-200. Other suitable types of cationic celluloses may include polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryldimethylammonium-substituted epoxides and trimethylammonium-substituted epoxides, referred to in the art (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 67. These materials are available from Dow / Amerchol Corp. under the trade names SoftCAT Polymer SL-5, SoftCAT Polymer SL-30, Polymer SL-60, Polymer SL-100, Polymer SK-L, Polymer SK-M, Polymer SK-MH, and Polymer SK-H.

[0132] Additional cationic polymers are also described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 3rd edition (Estrin, Crosley, and Haynes, eds.) (The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washington, D.C., USA (1982)), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0133] Techniques for analyzing the formation of complex coacervates are well known in the art. For example, microscopic analysis of the composition at any selected dilution level can be used to identify whether a coacervate phase has formed. Such a coacervate phase can be identifiable as an additional emulsified phase in the composition. The use of dyes can help distinguish the coacervate phase from other insoluble phases dispersed in the composition. Further details regarding the use of cationic polymers and coacervates are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,272,164, incorporated herein by reference.

[0134] C. Hydroxamic Acids and Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives Hydroxamic acids are a class of organic compounds that have the functional group RC(0)N(0H)R' (R and R' are organic residues and CO is a carbonyl group).

[0135] The hydroxamic acid derivatives of the present invention refer to a class of organic compounds having the functional group RC(0)N(0)R' (R and R' are organic residues). The hydroxamic acid derivatives may be salts of hydroxamic acids. The hydroxamic acid derivatives may be olamine salts of hydroxamic acids.

[0136] The antibacterial active substance according to the present invention is at least one of hydroxamic acid or a hydroxamic acid derivative. The hydroxamic acid may be piroctone, caprylhydroxamic acid, or benzohydroxamic acid. The hydroxamic acid may be caprylhydroxamic acid. Preferably, the hydroxamic acid derivative is piroctone olamine. Thus, the antibacterial active substance according to the present invention may be at least one of piroctone, caprylhydroxamic acid, benzohydroxamic acid, or piroctone olamine. The antibacterial active substance according to the present invention may be at least one of caprylhydroxamic acid or piroctone olamine. Most preferably, the antibacterial active substance is piroctone olamine.

[0137] Piroctone is a cyclic hydroxamic acid consisting of 1-hydroxypyridin-2-one with methyl and 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl substituents at positions 4 and 6, respectively. Its CAS Registry Number is 50650-76-5, and the compound has the following general formula (a):

[0138] [ka]

[0139] Caprylhydroxamic acid is an amino acid derived from coconut oil. It is an antiseptic and a broad-spectrum antifungal agent. Its CAS Registry Number is 7377-03-9, and the compound has the following general formula (b):

[0140] [ka]

[0141] Benzohydroxamic acid is a type of hydroxamic acid. Its CAS Registry Number is 495-18-1, and the compound has the following general formula (c):

[0142] [ka]

[0143] Piroctone olamine is the olamine salt of the hydroxamic acid derivative piroctone, a typical antibacterial active substance, commonly known as piroctone ethanolamine, which has the trade name Octirox®.

[0144] Piroctone olamine according to the present invention is a 1:1 compound of 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2(7 / - / )-pyridinone and 2-aminoethanol, also referred to as 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2(7 / - / )-pyridinone monoethanolamine salt. Its CAS Registry Number is 68890-66-4, and this compound has the following general formula (d):

[0145] [ka]

[0146] The amount of at least one hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative antimicrobial active in the compositions of the present invention will depend on the type of topical composition and the exact nature of any other antimicrobial actives used. The present invention may comprise 0.01 to 10% by weight of the aforementioned antimicrobial actives, or may comprise 0.1 to 5% by weight, or may comprise 0.5 to 3% by weight of the composition.

[0147] D. Liquid Carrier As can be appreciated, the cleansing composition can desirably be in the form of a pourable liquid under ambient conditions. The inclusion of an appropriate amount of liquid carrier can facilitate the formation of a cleansing composition with appropriate viscosity and rheology. The cleansing composition can comprise, based on the weight of the composition, about 20% to about 95% by weight of the liquid carrier, and about 60% to about 85% by weight of the liquid carrier. The liquid carrier can be an aqueous carrier, such as water.

[0148] E. Optional Components As can be appreciated, the cleansing compositions described herein can include various optional components to tailor the properties and characteristics of the compositions. As can be appreciated, suitable optional components are well known and generally include any component that is physically and chemically compatible with the essential components of the cleansing compositions described herein. Optional components should not otherwise unduly impair the stability, aesthetics, or performance of the product. The individual concentrations of optional components can generally range from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight of the cleansing composition. Optional components can be further limited to components that do not impair the transparency of the translucent cleansing composition.

[0149] Suitable optional components that can be included in the cleansing composition can include co-surfactants, deposition aids, conditioning agents (including hydrocarbon oils, fatty acid esters, silicones), antidandruff agents, suspending agents, viscosity adjusters, dyes, non-volatile solvents or diluents (soluble and insoluble), pearlescent aids, foam boosters, pediculicides, pH adjusters, fragrances, preservatives, chelating agents, proteins, skin active agents, sunscreens, UV absorbers, and vitamins.CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Tenth Edition (published by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Inc. (Washington, DC, USA)) (2004) (hereinafter referred to as "CTFA") describes a wide variety of non-limiting materials that can be added to the compositions herein.

[0150] Conditioning Agent The cleansing composition may include a silicone conditioning agent. Suitable silicone conditioning agents may include volatile silicones, nonvolatile silicones, or a combination thereof. When included, the silicone conditioning agent may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 8%, about 0.1% to about 5%, and / or about 0.2% to about 3% by weight of the composition. Examples of suitable silicone conditioning agents, and optional suspending agents for silicones, are described in U.S. Reissue Patent No. 34,584, U.S. Patent No. 5,104,646, and U.S. Patent No. 5,106,609, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable silicone conditioning agents may have a viscosity, measured at 25° C., of from about 20 centistokes (“csk”) to about 2,000,000 csk, from about 1,000 csk to about 1,800,000 csk, from about 50,000 csk to about 1,500,000 csk, and from about 100,000 csk to about 1,500,000 csk.

[0151] The dispersed silicone conditioning agent particles may have a volume average particle size ranging from about 0.01 μm to about 50 μm. When small particles are applied to hair, the volume average particle size may range from about 0.01 μm to about 4 μm, from about 0.01 μm to about 2 μm, or from about 0.01 μm to about 0.5 μm. When large particles are applied to hair, the volume average particle size is typically in the range of about 5 μm to about 125 μm, from about 10 μm to about 90 μm, from about 15 μm to about 70 μm, and / or from about 20 μm to about 50 μm.

[0152] Further information on silicones, including sections discussing silicone fluids, gums, and resins, and the manufacture of silicones, can be found in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, vol. 15, 2d ed., pp. 204-308, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1989), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0153] Suitable silicone emulsions for the cleansing compositions described herein may include emulsions of insoluble polysiloxanes prepared according to the descriptions provided in U.S. Patent No. 4,476,282 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0276087, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable insoluble polysiloxanes include polysiloxanes having a molecular weight in the range of about 50,000 to about 500,000 g / mol, such as α,ω hydroxy-terminated polysiloxanes or α,ω alkoxy-terminated polysiloxanes. The average molecular weight of the insoluble polysiloxane may be in the range of about 50,000 to about 500,000 g / mol. For example, the average molecular weight of the insoluble polysiloxane may be in the range of about 60,000 to about 400,000, about 75,000 to about 300,000, or about 100,000 to about 200,000, or the average molecular weight may be about 150,000 g / mol. The insoluble polysiloxane may have an average particle size in the range of about 30 nm to about 10 micrometers. The average particle size may be, for example, in the range of about 40 nm to about 5 micrometers, about 50 nm to about 1 micrometer, about 75 nm to about 500 nm, or about 100 nm.

[0154] Other classes of silicones suitable for the cleansing compositions described herein may include: i) silicone fluids, such as silicone oils, which are flowable materials having a viscosity of less than about 1,000,000 csk measured at 25°C; ii) aminosilicones, which contain at least one primary, secondary, or tertiary amine; iii) cationic silicones, which contain at least one quaternary ammonium functional group; iv) silicone gums, which include materials having a viscosity of 1,000,000 csk or greater measured at 25°C; v) silicone resins, which include highly crosslinked polymeric siloxane systems; vi) high refractive index silicones, which have a refractive index of at least 1.46; and vii) mixtures thereof.

[0155] Alternatively, the cleansing composition can be substantially free of silicones. As used herein, substantially free of silicones means from about 0 to about 0.2% by weight.

[0156] Organic Conditioning Materials The conditioning agent of the cleansing composition described herein may also comprise at least one organic conditioning material, such as an oil or wax, either alone or in combination with other conditioning agents, such as the silicones described above. The organic material may be non-polymeric, oligomeric, or polymeric. The organic material may be in the form of an oil or wax and may be added to the cleansing formulation in neat or pre-emulsified form. Suitable examples of organic conditioning materials may include: i) hydrocarbon oils, ii) polyolefins, iii) fatty esters, iv) fluorinated conditioning compounds, v) fatty alcohols, vi) alkyl glucosides and alkyl glucoside derivatives, vii) quaternary ammonium compounds, and viii) polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a molecular weight of up to about 2,000,000, including those having the CTFA designations PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000, PEG-2M, PEG-7M, PEG-14M, PEG-45M, and mixtures thereof.

[0157] emulsifier Various anionic emulsifiers and nonionic emulsifiers can be used in the cleansing composition of the present invention.The anionic emulsifiers and nonionic emulsifiers can be essentially either monomers or polymers.Examples of monomers include, but are not limited to, alkyl ethoxylates, alkyl sulfates, soaps, and fatty acid esters, and their derivatives.Examples of polymers include, but are not limited to, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, and block copolymers, and their derivatives.Naturally occurring emulsifiers such as lanolin, lecithin, and lignin, and their derivatives are also non-limiting examples of useful emulsifiers.

[0158] chelating agents The cleansing composition may also contain a chelating agent. Suitable chelating agents include those described in A.E. Martell & R.M. Smith, Critical Stability Constants, Vol. 1, Plenum Press, New York & London (1974) and A.E. Martell & R.D. Hancock, Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solution, Plenum Press, New York & London (1996), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. With respect to chelating agents, the term "salts and derivatives thereof" refers to salts and derivatives that contain the same functional structure (e.g., the same chemical backbone) as the chelating agent being referred to and have similar or better chelating properties. This term includes alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonium, substituted ammonium (i.e., monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium) salts, esters of chelating agents with acidic moieties, and mixtures thereof, particularly all sodium, potassium, or ammonium salts. The term "derivatives" also includes larger molecules containing one or more chelating groups with the same functional structure as the parent chelating agent, such as "chelating surfactant" compounds such as those exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,972, and the polymer EDDS (ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,440. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,284,972 and 5,747,440 are each incorporated herein by reference. Suitable chelating agents may further contain histidine.

[0159] The concentration of the EDDS chelating agent or histidine chelating agent in the cleansing composition can be low. For example, the EDDS chelating agent or histidine chelating agent can be present at about 0.01% by weight. A concentration greater than about 10% by weight can raise formulation and / or human safety concerns. The concentration of the EDDS chelating agent or histidine chelating agent can be at least about 0.01% by weight, at least about 0.05% by weight, at least about 0.1% by weight, at least about 0.25% by weight, at least about 0.5% by weight, at least about 1% by weight, or at least about 2% by weight, based on the weight of the cleansing composition.

[0160] Gel Network The cleansing composition may also include a fatty alcohol gel network. The gel network is formed by combining a fatty alcohol and a surfactant in a ratio of about 1:1 to about 40:1, about 2:1 to about 20:1, and / or about 3:1 to about 10:1. Formation of the gel network involves heating an aqueous dispersion of a fatty alcohol with the surfactant to a temperature above the melting point of the fatty alcohol. During this mixing process, the fatty alcohol melts, partitioning the surfactant into fatty alcohol droplets. The surfactant carries water with the surfactant into the fatty alcohol, transforming the isotropic fatty alcohol droplets into liquid crystalline phase droplets. When the mixture is cooled below the chain melting temperature, the liquid crystalline phase transforms into a solid crystalline gel network. The gel network may provide several benefits to the cleansing composition. For example, the gel network may provide stabilizing benefits to cosmetic creams and hair conditioners. Additionally, the gel network may provide conditioning feel benefits to hair conditioners and shampoos.

[0161] The fatty alcohol may be present in the gel network at a concentration of about 0.05% to about 14% by weight. For example, the fatty alcohol may be present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight, and / or from about 6% to about 8% by weight.

[0162] Suitable fatty alcohols include those having about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms, about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, and / or about 16 to about 18 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated. Non-limiting examples of fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. A mixture of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol in a ratio of about 20:80 to about 80:20 is preferred.

[0163] The gel network can be prepared by charging a container with water. The water can then be heated to about 74°C. Cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and a surfactant can then be added to the heated water. After blending, the resulting mixture can be passed through a heat exchanger, and the mixture can be cooled to about 35°C. Upon cooling, the fatty alcohol and surfactant can crystallize to form a crystalline gel network. Table 1 provides the components and respective amounts of an exemplary gel network composition.

[0164] To prepare the gel network premix of Table 1, water is heated to about 74° C. and the fatty alcohol and gel network surfactant are added thereto in the amounts shown in Table 1. After blending, the mixture is passed through a mill and a heat exchanger and cooled to about 32° C. As a result of this cooling step, the fatty alcohol, gel network surfactant, and water form a crystalline gel network.

[0165] [Table 1] 1 For anionic gel networks, the suitable gel network surfactants include surfactants with a net negative charge, including, among others, sulfonic, carboxylic, and phosphoric acids, and mixtures thereof.

[0166] For cationic gel networks, the suitable gel network surfactants include surfactants with a net positive charge, including quaternary ammonium surfactants and mixtures thereof.

[0167] For amphoteric or zwitterionic gel networks, such suitable gel network surfactants include surfactants that have both positive and negative charges at the product use pH, including, among others, betaines, amine oxides, sultaines, amino acids, and mixtures thereof.

[0168] Benefit Agents The cleansing composition may further comprise one or more benefit agents. Representative benefit agents include, but are not limited to, particles, colorants, perfume microcapsules, gel networks, and other insoluble skin or hair conditioning agents such as skin silicones, natural oils such as sunflower oil or castor oil. The benefit agent may be selected from the group consisting of particles, colorants, perfume microcapsules, gel networks, other insoluble skin or hair conditioning agents such as skin silicones, natural oils such as sunflower oil or castor oil, and mixtures thereof.

[0169] Suspension The cleansing composition may contain a suspending agent at a concentration effective to suspend water-insoluble materials in a dispersed form in the composition or to modify the viscosity of the composition. Such concentrations range from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of the composition, and from about 0.3% to about 5.0% by weight. However, as can be appreciated, when certain glyceride ester crystals are included, a suspending agent may not be necessary, as the specific glyceride ester crystals may act as a suitable suspending or structuring agent.

[0170] Suitable suspending agents may include anionic and nonionic polymers. Vinyl polymers, such as cross-linked acrylic acid polymers with the CTFA designation Carbomer, cellulose derivatives and modified cellulose polymers, such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, nitrocellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, cellulose powder, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, xanthan gum, gum arabic, tragacanth, galactan, carob gum, guar gum, karaya gum, carrageenan, pectin, agar, quince seed (Cydonia oblonga Mill. Mill), starch (rice, corn, potato, wheat), algal colloids (algae extracts), microbiological polymers such as dextran, succinoglucan, pulleran, starch-based polymers such as carboxymethyl starch, methylhydroxypropyl starch, alginic acid-based polymers such as sodium alginate, propylene glycol alginate, acrylic acid polymers such as sodium polyacrylate, polyethylacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, and inorganic water-soluble materials such as bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, laponite, hectonite, and silicic anhydride are useful herein.

[0171] Other suitable suspending agents include crystalline suspending agents that can be classified as acyl derivatives, long-chain amine oxides, and mixtures thereof. Examples of such suspending agents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,855, incorporated herein by reference. Suitable suspending agents include ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids having 16 to 22 carbon atoms. The suspending agent can be ethylene glycol stearates, both monostearic and distearic, but particularly distearic acid containing less than about 7% monostearic acid. Other suitable suspending agents include alkanolamides of fatty acids having about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, or about 16 to 18 carbon atoms, preferred examples of which include stearic acid monoethanolamide, stearic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid monoisopropanolamide, and stearic acid monoethanolamide stearic acid. Other long-chain acyl derivatives include long-chain esters of long-chain fatty acids (e.g., stearyl stearate, cetyl palmitate, etc.), long-chain esters of long-chain alkanolamides (e.g., stearamide diethanolamide distearate, stearamide monoethanolamide stearate), and the glyceryl esters mentioned above.Long-chain acyl derivatives, ethylene glycol esters of long-chain carboxylic acids, long-chain amine oxides, and alkanolamides of long-chain carboxylic acids can also be used as suspending agents.

[0172] Other long chain acyl derivatives suitable for use as suspending agents include N,N-dihydrocarbylamidobenzoic acids and their soluble salts (e.g., Na, K), especially N,N-di(hydrogenated) C 16 , C 18 and tallowamidobenzoic acid species, which are commercially available from Stepan Company (Northfield, Illinois, USA).

[0173] Examples of long chain amine oxides suitable for use as suspending agents include alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, such as stearyl dimethyl amine oxide.

[0174] Other suitable suspending agents include primary amines having a fatty acid alkyl moiety of at least about 16 carbon atoms (examples of which include palmitamine or stearamine), and secondary amines having two fatty acid alkyl moieties, each having at least about 12 carbon atoms (examples of which include dipalmitoylamine or di(hydrogenated tallow)amine). Still other suitable suspending agents include di(hydrogenated tallow)phthalamide and crosslinked maleic anhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymer.

[0175] Other suitable suspending agents include crystalline glyceride esters.For example, in certain embodiments, suitable glyceride esters are hydrogenated castor oils, such as trihydroxystearin or dihydroxystearin.Examples of additional crystalline glyceride esters may include substantially pure triglycerides of 12-hydroxystearic acid.12-hydroxystearic acid is the pure form of the triglyceride of fully hydrogenated 12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid.As can be understood, many additional glyceride esters are possible.For example, variations in the hydrogenation process and natural variations in castor oil may allow the production of additional suitable glyceride esters from castor oil.

[0176] Viscosity modifier Viscosity adjuster can be used to modify the rheology of cleansing composition.Suitable viscosity adjuster can include Carbomer with trade name Carbopol934, Carbopol940, Carbopol950, Carbopol980 and Carbopol981, all of which are available from BFGoodrich Company; acrylic acid / steareth-20 methacrylic acid copolymer with trade name ACRYSOLL22, all of which are available from Rohm and Hass; nonoxynyl hydroxyethyl cellulose with trade name AMERCELL polymer HM-1500, all of which are available from Amerchol; methylcellulose with trade name BENECEL, hydroxyethyl cellulose with trade name NATROSOL, hydroxypropyl cellulose with trade name KLUCEL, cetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose with trade name POLYSURF67, all of which are supplied by Hercules; and ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide polymers with trade name CARBOWAXPEG, POLYOX WASR and UCON FLUIDS, all of which are supplied by Amerchol.Sodium chloride can also be used as viscosity adjuster. Other suitable rheology modifiers may include crosslinked acrylic acid, crosslinked maleic anhydride comethyl vinyl ether, hydrophobically modified associative polymers, and mixtures thereof.

[0177] The cleansing composition may have a viscosity of greater than about 2000 cP. The cleansing composition may have a viscosity of about 2000 cP to about 20,000 cP, about 2500 cps to about 15,000 cps, about 3000 cP to about 12,000 cP, about 3500 cP to about 11,000 cP, or about 2,000 cP to about 9,000 cP, as measured at 26.7°C by the Cone / Plate Viscosity Measurement Test Method described herein.

[0178] dispersed particles Dispersed particles well known in the art can be included in cleansing compositions.When containing such dispersed particles, particles can be incorporated at a concentration of about 0.025 wt% or more, about 0.05 wt% or more, about 0.1 wt% or more, about 0.25 wt% or more, and about 0.5 wt% or more based on the weight of composition.However, cleansing compositions can also contain about 20 wt% or less dispersed particles, about 10 wt% or less dispersed particles, about 5 wt% or less dispersed particles, about 3 wt% or less dispersed particles, and about 2 wt% or less dispersed particles based on the weight of composition.

[0179] As can be understood, cleansing composition can still comprise any other component.For example, it can comprise amino acid.Suitable amino acid can include, for example, water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl ethyl ether, panthenol, biotin and their derivatives, water-soluble amino acids such as asparagine, alanine, indole, glutamic acid and their salts, water-insoluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and their derivatives, water-insoluble amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptamine and their salts.

[0180] Anti-dandruff agents may be included. As can be appreciated, the formation of a coacervate facilitates deposition of the anti-dandruff agent on the scalp.

[0181] The cleansing composition may optionally contain pigment materials such as inorganic, nitroso, monoazo, disazo, carotenoid, triphenylmethane, triarylmethane, xanthene, quinoline, oxazine, azine, anthraquinone, indigoid, thionindigoid, quinacridone, phthalocyanine, and natural plant pigments, including water-soluble components such as those with CI designations. The composition may also contain antimicrobial agents useful as cosmetic biocides and antidandruff agents, including water-soluble components such as piroctone olamine, water-insoluble components such as 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (triclosan), triclocarban, and zinc pyrithione.

[0182] One or more stabilizers may be included, for example, one or more of ethylene glycol distearate, citric acid, citrate salts, preservatives such as catone, sodium benzoate, sodium salicylate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ("EDTA"), to improve the longevity of the cleansing composition.

[0183] Product form The hair care composition of the present invention can be present in a typical hair care formulation. The composition may be in the form of a solution, dispersion, emulsion, powder, talc, capsule, sphere, sponge, solid dosage form, foam, and other delivery mechanisms. The composition of the present invention may be in the form of leave-on hair products such as hair tonics, treatment and styling products, rinse-off hair products such as shampoos and personal cleansing products, and treatment products, as well as any other form that can be applied to hair.

[0184] Method for producing cleansing composition The cleansing compositions described herein can be formed similarly to known cleansing compositions. For example, the process for making the cleansing compositions can include mixing together a surfactant, a cationic polymer, piroctone olamine, and a liquid carrier to form the cleansing composition.

[0185] Test Method Determination of the weight percent of sodium chloride in the composition 1. Argentometric method for determining the weight percent of inorganic chloride salts The weight percent of inorganic chloride salts in a formulation can be measured using a potentiometric method in which chloride ions in the composition are titrated with silver nitrate. Silver ions react with chloride ions from the composition to form an insoluble precipitate, silver chloride. This method uses an electrode (Mettler Toldeo DM141) designed for potentiometric titration of anions that precipitate with silver. The largest change in signal occurs at the equivalence point, where the amount of silver ions added equals the amount of chloride ions in the solution. The concentration of the silver nitrate solution used must be calibrated using a sodium chloride solution containing a standard and known amount of sodium chloride to ensure that the results match the known concentration. This type of titration involving silver ions is known as argentometry and is commonly used to determine the amount of chloride present in a sample.

[0186] Method for determining the absence of in situ coacervates in pre-dilution compositions 1. Microscopy to determine the absence of in situ coacervates The composition does not contain in situ coacervates. The absence of in situ coacervates can be determined using a microscope. If necessary, the composition is mixed and homogenized. The composition is then sampled onto a microscope slide and mounted under a microscope according to typical microscopy practices. For example, the sample is observed with a 10x or 20x objective. If in situ coacervates are present in the sample, an amorphous gel-like phase having a particle size of about 20 nm to about 200 nm can be seen throughout the sample. This amorphous gel-like phase can be described as gel clumps or gel spheres. A composition containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic adhesion polymer, a low concentration of inorganic salt, and a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative does not have an amorphous gel-like phase when observed under a microscope.

[0187] 2. Method for determining the absence of in situ coacervate by transparency in % transmittance The composition does not contain in situ coacervates. The absence of in situ coacervates can also be determined by the transparency of the composition. A composition that does not contain in situ coacervates is transparent if it does not contain any ingredients that otherwise impart a cloudy appearance. The transparency of a composition can be measured by % transmittance. For this evaluation to determine whether a composition lacks coacervates, the composition should be manufactured without silicones, opacifiers, non-silicone oils, mica, gums, or anionic rheology modifiers, and other ingredients that would cause the shampoo to have a cloudy appearance. Another substance that can cause a cloudy appearance is glycol diesters. The concentration of glycol diesters in the composition may need to be reduced to achieve a % transmittance (T%) greater than 70%. While the addition of these ingredients is believed to prevent in situ coacervates from forming prior to use, these ingredients obscure the measurement of clarity by % transmittance. Clarity can be measured by percent transmittance (T%) using ultraviolet / visible (UV / VI) spectroscopy, which measures the transmission of UV / VIS light through a sample. A light wavelength of 600 nm has been shown to be appropriate for characterizing the degree of light transmittance through a sample. It is typically best to follow the specific instructions for the particular spectrophotometer being used. Generally, the procedure for measuring percent transmittance begins by setting the spectrophotometer to 600 nm. A calibration "blank" is then performed to calibrate the reading to 100 percent transmittance. A single test sample is then placed in a cuvette designed to fit the particular spectrophotometer, taking care to ensure there are no air bubbles in the sample before measuring T% with the spectrophotometer at 600 nm. Alternatively, multiple samples can be measured simultaneously using a spectrophotometer such as the SpectraMax M-5 available from Molecular Devices. Multiple samples are transferred to a 96-well visible flat bottom plate (Greiner part number 655-001), ensuring there are no air bubbles in the sample.The flat-bottom plate was placed in a SpectraMax M-5, available from Molecular Devices, and the T% was measured using Software Pro v.5™ software. Compositions containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, and a low concentration of inorganic salts do not have an amorphous gel-like phase when viewed under a microscope. Compositions containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, a low concentration of inorganic salts, and a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative may have a percent transmittance (T%) at 600 nm of at least about 70% transmittance.

[0188] 3. How to determine the absence of in situ coacervate by visual evaluation of transparency The composition does not contain in situ coacervates. The absence of in situ coacervates can be determined by the transparency of the composition. Compositions that do not contain in situ coacervates are transparent. The transparency of a composition can also be determined by visual evaluation. For this evaluation, the composition should be prepared without silicones, opacifiers, non-silicone oils, mica, gums, or anionic rheology modifiers, and other ingredients that would cause the shampoo to have a cloudy appearance. While the addition of these ingredients is believed to prevent in situ coacervates from forming prior to use, these ingredients would obscure the determination of clarity by visual evaluation. For this evaluation, the composition is prepared and immediately sampled into a clear glass bottle at least 1 inch wide. The cap is screwed onto the bottle and screwed tightly by hand. The bottle is stored at ambient temperature (20-25°C) away from direct sunlight until no air bubbles are present in the sample. The sample may be immediately bubble-free for up to 1 day or up to 7 days. The sample is then visually inspected to determine whether it is clear or cloudy. If the sample is visually clear, in situ coacervates are not present. A composition containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, a low concentration of inorganic salt, and a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative is clear when visually evaluated by this method.

[0189] 4. Lasentec FBRM (Focused Beam Reflectance Measure Method) method for determining the absence of in situ coacervates The composition does not contain in situ coacervates. The absence of in situ coacervates can also be measured using the Lasentec FBRM method without dilution. A Lasentec Focused Beam Reflectance Method (FBRM) (Model S400A, available from Mettler Toledo Corp.) may be used to determine the size and quantity of flocs, measured in chord length and particles per second (numbers per second). Compositions containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, a low concentration of inorganic salt, and a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative do not contain flocs. Compositions to which other materials have been added do not contain flocs of a particle size different from the particle size of the other materials added.

[0190] 5. In situ coacervate centrifugation method to determine the absence of in situ coacervate The composition does not contain in situ coacervate. The absence of in situ coacervate can also be measured by centrifuging the composition and gravimetrically measuring the in situ coacervate. In this method, the composition must be prepared without a suspending agent to allow for separation of the in situ coacervate phase. The composition is centrifuged at 9200 rpm for 20 minutes using a Beckman Coulter TJ25 centrifuge. Several time / rpm combinations can be used. The supernatant is then removed, and the remaining precipitated in situ coacervate is gravimetrically assessed. The % in situ coacervate is calculated as the weight of the precipitated in situ coacervate as a percentage of the weight of the composition added to the centrifuge tube using the following equation: This quantifies the percentage of the composition that participates in the in situ coacervate phase. The % in situ coacervate for a composition containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, a low concentration of an inorganic salt, and a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative is 0%.

[0191]

number

[0192] 6. Visual Assessment of Phase Separation to Determine the Absence of In Situ Coacervate The composition does not contain in situ coacervates. The absence of in situ coacervates can also be measured by visual assessment of phase separation. In this method, the composition must be prepared without a suspending agent to allow for separation of the in situ coacervate phase. The composition is prepared and immediately sampled into a glass wide-mouth bottle. A typical wide-mouth bottle is a 20 mL scintillation vial. The cap is screwed onto the wide-mouth bottle and tightly closed by hand. The wide-mouth bottle is stored at ambient temperature (20-25°C) away from direct sunlight. Compositions containing in situ coacervates form a separate phase at the bottom of the container. This phase may form in as little as 3 days but can take up to 9 months, depending on the viscosity of the composition. Compositions containing substantially sulfate-free surfactants, cationic deposition polymers, low concentrations of inorganic salts, and hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivatives do not form a separate phase.

[0193] Measurement of improved performance due to the absence of in situ coacervate prior to dilution The compositions do not contain in situ coacervate prior to dilution, and therefore the quantity and quality of coacervate upon dilution is better than compositions containing in situ coacervate prior to dilution, resulting in better wet conditioning and active deposition from compositions that do not contain coacervate prior to dilution compared to compositions that contain coacervate prior to dilution.

[0194] 1. Measurement of transmittance % (T%) during dilution Techniques for analyzing the formation of complex coacervates are well known in the art. One method for assessing coacervate formation upon dilution of a transparent or translucent composition is to use a spectrophotometer to measure the percentage of light transmitted (T%) through the diluted sample. As the measured light transmittance (T%) value of the dilution decreases, a higher concentration of coacervate typically forms. Diluted samples can be prepared at various weight ratios of water to composition, such as 2 parts water to 1 part composition (2:1), or 7.5 parts water to 1 part composition (7.5:1), or 16 parts water to 1 part composition (16:1), or 34 parts water to 1 part composition (34:1), and the T% can be measured for each dilution ratio. Examples of possible dilution ratios include 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7.5:1, 11:1, 16:1, 24:1, or 34:1. By averaging the T% values ​​of samples across a range of dilution ratios, it is possible to simulate and ascertain how much coacervate a composition will form, on average, when a consumer applies the composition to wet hair, lathers it, and then rinses it off. The average T% can be calculated by taking the numerical average of the individual T% measurements for the following dilution ratios: 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7.5:1, 11:1, 16:1, 24:1, and 34:1. A lower average T% indicates that more coacervate will form, on average, when a consumer applies the composition to wet hair, lathers it, and then rinses it off. A composition containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, a low concentration of inorganic salt, and a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative has a lower average T% than a similar composition with a high concentration of inorganic salt.

[0195] T% can be measured using ultraviolet / visible (UV / VI) spectroscopy, which determines the transmittance of UV / VIS light through a sample. A light wavelength of 600 nm has been shown to be appropriate for characterizing the degree of light transmittance through a sample. It is typically best to follow the specific instructions for the particular spectrophotometer being used. Generally, the procedure for measuring percent transmittance begins by setting the spectrophotometer to 600 nm. A calibration "blank" is then run to calibrate the reading to 100 percent transmittance. A single test sample is then placed in a cuvette designed to fit the particular spectrophotometer, taking care to ensure there are no air bubbles in the sample before measuring T% with the spectrophotometer at 600 nm. Alternatively, multiple samples can be measured simultaneously using a spectrophotometer such as the SpectraMax M-5 available from Molecular Devices. Multiple diluted samples can be prepared in a 96-well plate (VWR catalog number 82006-448) and then transferred to a 96-well visible flat-bottom plate (Greiner part number 655-001), ensuring there are no air bubbles in the sample. The flat-bottom plate is placed in a SpectraMax M-5, available from Molecular Devices, and the T% is measured using Software Pro v.5™ software.

[0196] 2. Evaluation of coacervate aggregate size upon dilution The size of the coacervate aggregates upon dilution can be visually assessed. Dilution samples can be prepared at various weight ratios of water to composition, such as 2 parts water to 1 part composition (2:1), 7.5 parts water to 1 part composition (7.5:1), 16 parts water to 1 part composition (16:1), or 34 parts water to 1 part composition (34:1), and the T% can be measured for each dilution ratio. Examples of possible dilution ratios include 2:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7.5:1, 11:1, 16:1, 24:1, or 34:1. A composition containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, a low concentration of inorganic salt, and a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative has larger coacervate aggregates than a similar composition with a high concentration of inorganic salt. Larger coacervate aggregates can indicate better quality coacervate, which provides better wet conditioning and active deposition.

[0197] 3. Wet Combing Force Method Eight-inch long, 4-gram switches of general population hair are used for the measurements. Each switch is treated with four cycles of cleansing composition (one lather / rinse step per cycle, 0.1 grams of cleansing composition per gram of hair in each lather / rinse step, with drying between cycles). Four switches are treated with each shampoo. The hair is not dried after the final treatment cycle. While the hair is wet, it is pulled through the fine-toothed halves of two Beautician 3000 combs. The force pulling the switch through the comb is measured by a friction analyzer (such as an Instron or MTS tensile tester) equipped with a load cell and reported in grams-force (gf). This pull is repeated for a total of five pulls per switch. The average wet combing force is calculated by averaging the force measurements from the five pulls on the four switches treated with each cleansing composition. The data can be presented as the average wet combing force through one or both of two combs. A composition containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, a low concentration of an inorganic salt, and a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative has a lower combing force than a similar composition with a high concentration of an inorganic salt.

[0198] 4. Attachment method The deposition of active substances can be measured in vitro on hair tresses or in vivo on panelists' heads. A controlled amount of the composition is applied to the hair tresses or panelists' heads and washed according to conventional washing protocols. For hair tresses, the tresses can be sampled and tested by appropriate analytical measurements to determine the deposition of a given active substance. To measure deposition on the panelists' scalps, the hair is then divided over the scalp area so that an open-ended glass cylinder can be held on the surface, and simultaneously an aliquot of extraction solution is added, stirred, and then collected, and the deposition of a given active substance is analytically quantified. To measure deposition on panelists' hair, a given amount of hair is sampled and then tested by appropriate analytical measurements to determine the deposition of a given active substance. A composition containing a substantially sulfate-free surfactant, a cationic deposition polymer, a low concentration of inorganic salt, and a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative has higher deposition than a similar composition with a high concentration of inorganic salt.

[0199] Measurement of anti-dandruff agent deposition The deposition of antidandruff agents, such as hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivatives such as piroctone olamine, on the scalp in vivo can be determined by ethanol extraction of the agent after treating the scalp with a cleansing composition containing a surfactant-soluble agent and rinsing. The concentration of the agent in the extraction solvent or solution is measured by HPLC. Quantification is performed based on a standard curve. The concentration detected by HPLC is converted to the collected amount in grams by multiplying the concentration by volume.

[0200] The percent of agent deposited can be calculated using the following equation:

[0201]

number

[0202] Viscosity measurement A. Viscosity measurement The viscosity of the examples was measured using a Brookfield Rheometer R / S Plus Cone / Plate Controlled Stress manufactured by Brookfield Engineering Laboratories (Stoughton, Massachusetts, USA). The cone used (Spindle C-75-1) had a diameter of 75 mm and an angle of 1°. The viscosity was measured at a constant shear rate of 2 s -1 Determine the liquid viscosity using a steady-state flow experiment at 26.7°C. The sample size is approximately 2.5 mL to approximately 3 mL, and the total measurement read time is 3 minutes. The initial viscosity may be measured immediately after preparation. The initial viscosity may also be measured after confirming that there are no air bubbles in the sample. Store the sample at ambient temperature (20-25°C) away from direct sunlight until there are no air bubbles in the sample. The sample may be bubble-free immediately for up to 1 or 7 days.

[0203] B. Measuring consistent viscosity over time Compositions that achieve acceptable viscosities at higher pHs have more consistent viscosities over time. Compositions containing hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivatives achieve acceptable viscosities at higher pHs than similar compositions that do not contain hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivatives.

[0204] Elevated temperature is a common method that can be used to accelerate aging and is a common technique used in the industry. For example, 65°C or 40°C can be used to accelerate aging. A sample of the composition is placed at the elevated temperature for a period of time. The time at 65°C can be 1 week, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks. The time at 40°C can be 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, or 6 months. After the elevated temperature period, the sample is removed and allowed to equilibrate to ambient room temperature (22°C to 27°C). This equilibration period can be completed in 3 hours or can require up to 24 hours. The sample container can be placed in a water bath at ambient room temperature to accelerate equilibration to ambient room temperature for up to about 1 hour. The viscosity of the sample is then measured using the viscosity measurement method described above.

[0205] The change in viscosity between the initial viscosity and the viscosity after accelerated aging can be calculated in a variety of ways. One way to calculate this change is as a percentage increase in viscosity. There are other ways to calculate this change.

[0206]

number

[0207] pH method First, calibrate your Mettler Toledo Seven Compact pH meter. To do this, power on the pH meter and wait 30 seconds. Next, remove the electrode from the storage solution, rinse it with distilled water, and carefully wipe it with a scientific cleaning wipe, such as Kimwipe®. Immerse the electrode in a pH 4 buffer solution and press the calibrate button. Wait until the pH icon stops flashing and press the calibrate button again. Rinse the electrode with distilled water and carefully wipe the electrode with a scientific cleaning wipe. Next, immerse the electrode in a pH 7 buffer solution and press the calibrate button again. Wait until the pH icon stops flashing and press the calibrate button again. Rinse the electrode with distilled water and carefully wipe the electrode with a scientific cleaning wipe. Next, immerse the electrode in a pH 10 buffer solution and press the calibrate button again. Wait until the pH icon stops flashing and press the measure button. Rinse the electrode with distilled water and carefully wipe with a scientific cleaning wipe. Immerse the electrode in the test sample and press the read button. Wait until the pH icon stops flashing and record the value.

[0208] Foam characteristics 1. Kruss DFA100 Foam Characterization A cleansing composition dilution of 1 part cleanser to 10 parts water by weight is prepared. The shampoo dilution is dispensed into a Kruss DFA100, which generates foam and measures foam properties. [Example]

[0209] The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the scope of the present invention. These examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0210] The following examples illustrate various cleansing compositions. Each cleansing composition is prepared by conventional formulation and mixing techniques.

[0211] The total sodium chloride in the table below was calculated based on product specifications from the supplier. Some of the surfactants used in the following examples are supplied in liquid mixtures containing a specific active concentration of surfactant, water, and a specific concentration of sodium chloride, often produced during surfactant synthesis. For example, a common surfactant synthesis that produces sodium chloride as a by-product is the synthesis of cocamidopropyl betaine. In this synthesis, an amidoamine is reacted with sodium monochloroacetate to produce betaine and sodium chloride. This is an example of a surfactant synthesis that produces sodium chloride as a by-product. Official supplier documents, including typical Certificates of Analysis and Technical Specification documents, list the actives (wt%), or solids (wt%) and sodium chloride (wt%). Using these specifications and the surfactant activity in a composition, the inherent concentration of sodium chloride coming in with the surfactant can be summed for a given composition and added to any sodium chloride added directly to the composition. Surfactants are a common source of sodium chloride introduced into formulations, but other materials may also be assayed for sodium chloride content for inclusion in the overall sodium chloride calculation. For the calculation of total inorganic salts, this total sodium chloride is added to any other inorganic salts added through ingredients or intentionally.

[0212] The initial viscosities and viscosities after one week at 65°C in Tables 2, 4, and 6 are determined using the viscosity measurement described herein. The initial viscosity of a composition is measured immediately after production or up to seven days after production after confirming the absence of air bubbles in the composition. A sample of the composition is placed in an oven set at 65°C for one week. After one week at 65°C, the sample is removed and allowed to equilibrate to ambient room temperature (22°C to 27°C); this equilibration period may be completed in three hours or may require up to 24 hours. The sample container may be placed in a water bath at ambient room temperature to facilitate equilibration to ambient room temperature. The viscosity of the sample is then measured using the viscosity measurement described herein. The change in viscosity is calculated by the % increase in viscosity.

[0213]

number

[0214] For Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4, in situ coacervate is determined as follows: The examples are prepared as described herein. The examples are manufactured and immediately placed into clear, glass, wide-mouth bottles at least 1 inch wide. The cap is screwed onto the bottle and screwed tightly by hand. The examples are stored at ambient temperature (20-25°C), away from direct sunlight, until no air bubbles remain in the sample (up to 7 days, depending on the viscosity of the sample). The compositions are then inspected to determine whether either cloudiness or precipitation is visually detectable. If either cloudiness or precipitation is present, the composition is determined to have in situ coacervate. If neither cloudiness nor precipitation is present, it is determined that no in situ coacervate is present. The shampoo products are believed to have improved conditioning performance compared to examples in which in situ coacervate was formed.

[0215] The examples are inspected to determine whether haze can be detected visually or by the % transmittance method. If the example is clear, in situ coacervate is not present and the shampoo product is considered to have improved conditioning performance compared to examples in which in situ coacervate was formed. If haze is detected in the example, in situ coacervate is present and the example is considered to be less preferred by consumers.

[0216] As used herein, "visually detect" or "visually detectable" means that a human observer can visually discern the quality of the example with the naked eye (with the exception of standard corrective lenses fitted to correct myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism, or other corrective visual acuity) from a distance of one meter under illumination at least equivalent to the illuminance of a standard 100 watt incandescent light bulb.

[0217] [Table 2]

[0218] Examples 1-4 contain 0.07% total sodium chloride and 0.5-0.8% piroctone olamine. Prior to dilution, no in situ coacervation is observed. Examples 1-4 have initial viscosities greater than 2000 cP, which is determined to be sufficient and acceptable to consumers. Examples 1-4 increase in viscosity by less than 80% over a one-week period at 65°C, which is determined to be acceptable to consumers. While a viscosity increase of less than 80% is acceptable, consumer preference continues to improve as the viscosity increase decreases. Examples 1-4 have good product performance during manufacturing and over time and are expected to be well-liked by consumers.

[0219] [Table 3]

[0220] Comparative Example 1 (C1) and Comparative Example 2 (C2) were cloudy at T% of 5.9 and T% of 2.5, respectively, indicating the presence of in situ coacervates. C1 and C2 were considered to have poor conditioning performance and were not preferred by consumers. As shown by C1 and C2, sulfate-free surfactant systems containing more than about 1% inorganic salts may not form compositions that are preferred by consumers.

[0221] [Table 4]

[0222] The effect of piroctone olamine is tested in compositions with the same composition except for the addition of piroctone olamine. The type and concentration of surfactant, the type and concentration of cationic polymer, and the type and concentration of fragrance are consistent. Compared to Example 5, Comparative Example 3 does not contain piroctone olamine. Compared to Example 6, Comparative Example 4 does not contain piroctone olamine. When producing these compositions, citric acid is used to lower the pH of the composition to increase viscosity.

[0223] Compared to Example 5, Comparative Example 3 (C3) does not contain piroctone olamine. The pH of C3 is reduced to a lower value than that of Example 5 to increase viscosity. However, the initial viscosity of C3 is lower than that of Example 5, even though the pH of C3 is reduced to a lower value than that of Example 5. Because the pH of C3 is lower than that of Example 5, more surfactant hydrolysis occurs in C3 than in Example 5. As a result of this hydrolysis, C3 has a 43% viscosity increase after one week at 65°C, while Example 5 has a 37% viscosity increase after one week at 65°C. Example 5, which contains piroctone olamine, has a higher initial viscosity and more consistent viscosity over time, which is expected to be more preferred by consumers than Comparative Example 3 (C3), which does not contain piroctone olamine and has a lower initial viscosity and more inconsistent viscosity over time. Furthermore, as a result of the increased hydrolysis in C3, it is expected to have more inconsistent performance and be less preferred by consumers.

[0224] Compared to Example 6, Comparative Example 4 (C4) does not contain piroctone olamine. The pH of C4 is reduced to a lower value than that of Example 6 to increase viscosity. However, the initial viscosity of C4 is lower than that of Example 6, even though the pH of C4 is reduced below that of Example 8. Because the pH of C4 is lower than that of Example 6, more surfactant hydrolysis occurs in C4 than in Example 6. As a result of this hydrolysis, C4 has a 52% viscosity increase after one week at 65°C, while Example 6 has a 41% viscosity increase after one week at 65°C. Example 6, which contains piroctone olamine, has a higher initial viscosity and more consistent viscosity over time, which is expected to be more preferred by consumers than Comparative Example 4 (C4), which does not contain piroctone olamine and has a lower initial viscosity and more inconsistent viscosity over time. Furthermore, as a result of the increased hydrolysis in C4, it is expected to have more inconsistent performance and be less preferred by consumers.

[0225] It is expected that the pH of Comparative Example 3 (C3) and Comparative Example 4 (C4) will need to be further reduced to achieve initial viscosities comparable to those of Examples 5 and 6, respectively. Because surfactant hydrolysis accelerates with decreasing pH, it is expected that the % increase in viscosity will be higher than that of the current Comparative Example 3 (C3) and Comparative Example 4 (C4). This less consistent viscosity over time is less preferred by consumers. This is shown in Table 6.

[0226] [Table 5]

[0227] [Table 6]

[0228] Example suppliers: 1. Mackam DAB-ULS available from Solvay. Specification range: solids = 34-36%, sodium chloride = 0-0.5%. Average values ​​are used in the calculation: active substance = 35%, sodium chloride = 0.25%. 2. Hostapon SCI-85 available from Clariant 3. UCARE Polymer LR-30M available from Dow 4. UCARE Polymer JR-30M available from Dow 5. N-Hance 3196 Cationic Guar available from Ashland 6. Octirox available from Clariant 7. Sodium Benzoate, available from Kalama Chemical 8. Sodium salicylate available from JQC (Huayin) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 9. Citric Acid USP Anhydrous Fine Granules available from Archer Daniels Midland Company 10. Sodium Chloride available from Norton International Inc. 11. Dehyton PK45 from BASF, which was used to remove sodium chloride to give a dry residue of 33.05% and a sodium chloride content of 0.21%. 12. SP Crodasinic LS30 / NP MBAL available from Croda

[0229] combination A. A clear cleansing composition comprising: about 3% to about 35% by weight of an anionic surfactant; about 5% by weight to about 15% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant; about 0.01% by weight to about 2% by weight of a cationic polymer; about 0 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. % of an inorganic salt; about 0.01% to about 10% of a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative; an aqueous carrier; wherein the composition is substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants, and the composition has a T% value of greater than about 70. B. The cleansing composition according to item A, wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of isethionic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sulfonic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of ethersulfonic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sulfosuccinic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sulfoacetic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of glycinic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sarcosinic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of glutamic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of alanic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of carboxylic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of tauric acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of phosphate esters, and combinations thereof. C. The cleansing composition according to items A and B, wherein the cationic polymer has a weight average molecular weight of about 300,000 g / mol to about 3,000,000 g / mol. D. The cleansing composition according to any one of A to C, wherein the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of cationic guar, cationic cellulose, cationic synthetic homopolymer, cationic synthetic copolymer, and combinations thereof. E. The cleansing composition according to any one of A to D, wherein the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyltrimonium guar, polyquaternium 10, polyquaternium 6, and combinations thereof. F. The cleansing composition according to any one of A to E, wherein the cationic polymer has a charge density of about 0.5 meq / g to about 1.7 meq / g. G. The cleansing composition according to any one of A to F, wherein the inorganic salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium bromide, and combinations thereof. H. The cleansing composition according to any one of items A to G, wherein the hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative is selected from the group consisting of piroctone, caprylhydroxamic acid, benzohydroxamic acid, piroctone olamine, and combinations thereof. I. The cleansing composition according to any one of items A to H, wherein the hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative is piroctone olamine. J. The cleansing composition according to any one of paragraphs A to I, wherein the composition has a viscosity of greater than about 2000 cP. K. The cleansing composition according to any one of items A to J, wherein the composition has a viscosity of about 2000 cP to about 20,000 cP. L. The cleansing composition according to any one of items A to K, wherein the ratio of anionic surfactant to amphoteric surfactant is from about 0.4:1 to about 1.25:1. M. The cleansing composition according to any one of items A to L, having a pH greater than about 5.5. N. The cleansing composition according to any one of Items A to M, wherein the concentration of the inorganic salt is about 0% by weight to about 0.9% by weight. O. The cleansing composition according to any one of items A to N, wherein the concentration of the inorganic salt is about 0% by weight to about 0.8% by weight. P. The cleansing composition according to any one of Items A to O, wherein the inorganic salt concentration is about 0% by weight to about 0.2% by weight. Q. The cleansing composition according to any one of items A to P, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaine, sultaine, hydroxysultane, amphohydroxypropylsulfonic acid, alkylamphoacetic acid, alkylamphodiacetic acid, and combinations thereof. The cleansing composition according to any one of items A to Q, wherein RT% is about 70% to about 100%. S. The cleansing composition according to any one of A to R, wherein the composition consists of 9 or less ingredients. T. The cleansing composition of paragraphs A-S, wherein the composition lacks in situ coacervates as determined by microscopy to determine lack of in situ coacervates.

[0230] It will be understood that other modifications of the present disclosure within the skill of those skilled in the art of hair care formulations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. All parts, percentages, and ratios herein are by weight unless otherwise specified. Some components may be supplied by suppliers as dilute solutions. The concentrations listed represent the weight percent of actives unless otherwise specified. Fragrance and / or preservative concentrations may also be included in the following examples.

[0231] Dimensions and values ​​disclosed herein should not be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values ​​recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "approximately 40 mm."

[0232] All documents cited herein, including cross-referenced or related patents or applications, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document shall not be deemed to be prior art to any invention disclosed or claimed herein, or to teach, suggest, or disclose such invention, either alone or in combination with any other reference(s). Furthermore, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.

[0233] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. 1. A clear cleansing composition comprising: 3% to 35% by weight of an anionic surfactant; 5% to 15% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant; 0.01% to 2% by weight of a cationic polymer; 0% to 1.0% by weight of an inorganic salt; 0.01% to 10% of a hydroxamic acid or hydroxamic acid derivative selected from the group consisting of piroctone, caprylhydroxamic acid, benzohydroxamic acid, piroctone olamine, and combinations thereof; an aqueous carrier; wherein the composition is substantially free of sulfate-based surfactants, and the composition has a T% value of greater than 70, wherein the T% value is the light transmittance measured at a light wavelength of 600 nm according to the method described herein.

2. 2. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of isethionic acid, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sulfonic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of ether sulfonic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sulfosuccinic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sulfoacetic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of glycinic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of sarcosinic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of glutamic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of alanic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of carboxylic acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of tauric acids, sodium, ammonium, or potassium salts of phosphate esters, and combinations thereof.

3. 10. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 300,000 g / mol to 3,000,000 g / mol.

4. 4. The transparent composition of claim 3, wherein the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of cationic guar, cationic cellulose, cationic synthetic homopolymer, cationic synthetic copolymer, and combinations thereof.

5. The transparent composition of claim 4, wherein the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyltrimonium guar, polyquaternium 10, polyquaternium 6, and combinations thereof.

6. 10. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic polymer has a charge density of 0.5 meq / g to 1.7 meq / g.

7. 10. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium bromide, and combinations thereof.

8. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the hydroxamic acid or the hydroxamic acid derivative is piroctone olamine.

9. The transparent composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity greater than 2000 cP.

10. The transparent composition of claim 9, wherein the composition has a viscosity of 2000 cP to 20,000 cP.

11. 2. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the anionic surfactant to the amphoteric surfactant is from 0.4:1 to 1.25:

1.

12. The transparent composition of claim 1 , wherein the pH is greater than 5.

5.

13. 2. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt concentration is 0% to 0.9% by weight.

14. The transparent composition of claim 13, wherein the inorganic salt concentration is 0% to 0.8% by weight.

15. The transparent composition of claim 14, wherein the inorganic salt concentration is 0% to 0.2% by weight.

16. 2. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultans, amphohydroxypropylsulfonic acids, alkylamphoacetic acids, alkylamphodiacetic acids, and combinations thereof.

17. 2. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein T% has a value of 70% to 100%.

18. 10. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the composition consists of 9 or fewer components.

19. 10. The transparent composition of claim 1, wherein the composition lacks in situ coacervates as determined by microscopy to determine the lack of in situ coacervates.

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