Battery Control Unit

Abstract

To provide a lithium ion storage battery or an electronic apparatus that has flexibility and high safety.SOLUTION: A lithium ion storage battery has flexibility. The lithium ion storage battery has an internal structure and a sheath. The internal structure has at least a first laminated body and a second laminated body. The first laminated body has a first current collector, and the second laminated body has a second current collector. A surface of the first current collector has a first region in which no electrode active material is formed, and a surface of the second current collector has a second region in which no electrode active material is formed. The sheath wraps the internal structure. At least a part of the first region is in contact with at least a part of the second region. A surface of the current collector in which no electrode active material is formed has a low friction coefficient. When such a surface faces a similar surface, these slide on each other in response to the deformation of the storage battery, resulting in stress relief. In order to be adapted to the deformation, a space 118 may be provided inside the storage battery.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a flexible lithium-ion storage battery and an electronic device.

[0002] Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical fields. The technical field of one aspect relates to an article, a method, or a manufacturing method. One aspect of the present invention is a process, machine, manufacture, or composition. Therefore, the invention disclosed herein more specifically relates to The technical field of one aspect of the present invention is a semiconductor device, a display device, a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting device, a lighting device, Examples of the present invention include devices, storage batteries, storage devices, driving methods thereof, and manufacturing methods thereof. It can be done. [Background technology]

[0003] In recent years, there have been a number of advances in storage batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion capacitors, air batteries, and fuel cells. The development of various storage batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, is currently underway. Lithium-ion batteries are used in mobile phones, smartphones, and laptops. Electronic devices such as mobile information terminals, portable music players, digital cameras, or medical devices , hybrid vehicle (HEV), electric vehicle (EV), or plug-in hybrid vehicle (P Next-generation clean energy vehicles such as HEVs, stationary storage batteries, etc., and the development of the semiconductor industry With the increasing demand for energy conservation and energy efficiency, demand for fuel cells has expanded rapidly, making them an essential part of modern society. Furthermore, in recent years, flexible devices and wearable devices have become increasingly There is a growing expectation that flexible materials that can deform in accordance with the deformation of the device will be used. There is an urgent need to develop a flexible lithium-ion battery, and some of the development has already begun. This has been started (Patent Document 1).

[0004] A lithium-ion battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, an electrolyte, and an exterior that covers these. Generally, lithium-ion batteries have a body made of a metal such as aluminum. A positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material that absorbs and releases lithium ions is applied to both sides of the positive electrode current collector. The negative electrode current collector is made of copper or other material and has a negative electrode active material that absorbs and releases lithium ions on both sides. A negative electrode is used, coated with a negative electrode mixture containing the cathode and anode. The positive and negative electrodes are insulated by being sandwiched between the positive and negative terminals provided on the exterior body. The exterior body has a certain shape, such as a cylindrical shape or a polygonal shape. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-241250 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] When the flexible lithium ion battery is a stacked lithium ion battery, deformation The stress applied to the battery varies depending on the structure. When a sm-ion battery is deformed by wrapping it around an axis, the stacked structure inside the battery The structure is subjected to compressive stress in the areas close to the axis and tensile stress in the areas far from the axis. Stress is added.

[0007] When the internal structure of the battery is integrated in this way, deformation of the battery can occur in each part. There is no room for stress relaxation, and repeated deformation of the battery eventually leads to fatigue ( Damage) can accumulate and lead to destruction.

[0008] In addition to the internal laminated structure, the more the number of deformations of the storage battery increases, the more the battery components and Fatigue (damage) accumulates in the exterior body that holds the electrolyte. In addition, deformation of the internal structure The deformation of the internal structure that the exterior body can tolerate is different from the deformation of the exterior body. In this case, the internal structure may be subjected to deformation stress beyond the specified level. This applies stress directly to the exterior, causing fatigue (damage) to accumulate in the exterior. As the accumulation of dust (air) progresses, the exterior body or sealing structure will eventually break down, allowing air to enter the battery. This can cause problems with the device being embedded in the data.

[0009] If a lithium-ion battery is damaged and air gets inside, the internal components of the battery will It may become wet or generate heat and ignite, which may lead to serious accidents such as explosions. This may also occur.

[0010] In view of the above, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a flexible storage battery that prevents damage to an exterior body due to deformation. One of the objectives is to provide a storage battery in which loss is suppressed. One of the objectives is to provide a storage battery in which damage to the internal structure is suppressed. One of the objectives is to provide a storage battery having an exterior body that can tolerate deformation. One of the objectives is to ensure safety in a flexible storage battery.

[0011] Another embodiment of the present invention is a flexible and highly safe lithium-ion storage battery or electronic device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel lithium-ion battery. One of the objectives is to provide an on-cell battery or a new electronic device.

[0012] The description of these problems does not preclude the existence of other problems. It is not necessary for the present invention to solve all of these problems. The above will be made clear from the description, drawings, claims, etc. It is possible to extract other issues from the descriptions in the patent, claims, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] One aspect of the present invention is a packaging device having an internal structure and an exterior body, the internal structure including a first laminate and and a second laminate, the first laminate having a first current collector, The body has a second current collector, and the surface of the first current collector is covered with a first current collector on which no electrode active material is formed. and the surface of the second current collector has a second region where no electrode active material is formed. The exterior body encases the internal structure, and at least a portion of the first region is connected to at least a portion of the second region. It is a flexible lithium-ion storage battery that is in contact with at least a portion of the surface of the battery.

[0014] Another aspect of the present invention is a device having an internal structure and an exterior body, the internal structure comprising a first the first laminate has a first current collector; and the second laminate has a second current collector. The second laminate has a second current collector, and the surface of the first current collector is provided with an electrode active material. The surface of the second current collector has a first region where no electrode active material is formed, and the surface of the second current collector has a second region where no electrode active material is formed. The exterior body encloses the internal structure and the gap, and at least a portion of the first region is The first laminate and the second laminate are in contact with at least a portion of the second region, and the first laminate and the second laminate are slidably supported by each other. The sliding movement allows the internal structure to occupy at least a portion of the gap. This is a flexible lithium-ion storage battery that can be used in a variety of ways.

[0015] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention is a packaging device having an internal structure and an exterior body, the internal structure including a first stack and a second laminate, the first laminate having a first current collector and a second The laminate has a second current collector, and the surface of the first current collector is free of an electrode active material. The surface of the second current collector has a first region where the electrode active material is not formed, and the surface of the second current collector has a second region where the electrode active material is not formed. the exterior body encases the internal structure and the cavity, and at least a portion of the first region is The internal structure is in contact with at least a part of the area of ​​the cavity by sliding. The internal structure can occupy a region of the interior, and the internal structure can deform about a first axis. The length A of the outer edge of the cross-sectional shape of the gap in a plane perpendicular to the first axis satisfies formula (1). It is a flexible lithium-ion storage battery.

[0016]

number

[0017] In the formula (1), L represents the length of the cross-sectional shape of the internal structure at that surface, and T represents the thickness of the cross-sectional shape of the internal structure at that surface, and r2 represents the distance from the first axis of the internal structure. represents the distance from the farthest surface to the first axis.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, a flexible lithium ion battery having an electrolyte solution is further provided. In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery further includes an electrolyte solution, and the void is The lithium ion storage battery may be flexible and can be filled with an electrolyte. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first current collector is a positive electrode current collector, and the second current collector is a positive electrode current collector. The battery may be a flexible lithium-ion storage battery. In the flexible battery, the first current collector is a negative electrode current collector and the second current collector is a negative electrode current collector. The battery may be a lithium ion battery.

[0019] Further, a flexible lithium-ion storage battery according to one embodiment of the present invention, a display, and The electronic device may also have an operation button. [Effects of the Invention]

[0020] One aspect of the present invention is a flexible storage battery in which damage to an exterior body due to deformation is suppressed. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a storage battery in which damage to the internal structure due to deformation is suppressed. Alternatively, a battery having an exterior body that can tolerate deformation of the internal structure can be provided. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a battery having flexibility and to ensure safety. It can be realized.

[0021] Another embodiment of the present invention is a flexible and highly safe lithium-ion storage battery or electronic device. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention is a novel lithium-ion storage battery. Alternatively, a novel electronic device or the like can be provided.

[0022] The description of these problems does not preclude the existence of other problems. It is not necessary for the present invention to solve all of these problems. The above will be made clear from the description, drawings, claims, etc. It is possible to extract other issues from the descriptions in the patent, claims, etc. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a lithium-ion storage battery. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional structure of a lithium-ion storage battery. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional structure of an internal structure of a lithium-ion storage battery. [Figure 4] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a lithium-ion storage battery and its cross-sectional structure. [Figure 5] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a cross-sectional structure of a lithium-ion storage battery and a cross-sectional structure in a deformed state. [Figure 6] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional shape of an internal structure. [Figure 7] FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a coin-type storage battery. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a cylindrical storage battery. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a laminated storage battery. [Figure 12] FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. [Figure 14] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a method for manufacturing a storage battery. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a flexible laminated storage battery. [Figure 16] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating examples of storage batteries. [Figure 17] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating examples of storage batteries. [Figure 18]1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating examples of storage batteries. [Figure 19] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating examples of storage batteries. [Figure 20] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating examples of storage batteries. [Figure 21] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an application form of a storage battery. [Figure 22] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 23] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 24] FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 25] FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 26] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 27] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 28] 1 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 29] 1A to 1C are a perspective view, a top view, and a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the configuration of a storage battery. [Figure 30] 1A to 1C illustrate an example of a method for manufacturing a storage battery. [Figure 31] 1A to 1C are a perspective view, a top view, and a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the configuration of a storage battery. [Figure 32] 1A to 1C illustrate an example of a method for manufacturing a storage battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited to the following description, and various modifications in form and details are possible by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the description of the following embodiments. It is not something that can be done.

[0025] In each drawing described in this specification, the positive electrode, negative electrode, active material layer, separator, outer casing, etc. The dimensions of each component, such as the size and thickness, have been exaggerated for clarity of illustration. Therefore, each component is not necessarily limited to its size, and The relative size between the

[0026] In addition, in this specification, ordinal numbers such as first, second, third, etc. are used for convenience. It does not indicate the order of processes or the vertical positional relationship. The "first" can be replaced with "second" or "third" as appropriate. In addition, ordinal numbers used to specify one aspect of the present invention are used in the present specification and the like. The ordinal numbers used may not match.

[0027] In addition, in the configuration of the present invention described in this specification, etc., the same parts or parts having similar functions The same reference numerals are used for the components in different drawings, and the repeated explanations will be omitted. When referring to parts with similar functions, the hatch pattern is the same and no special reference numeral is attached. There may not be.

[0028] In this specification, flexibility refers to the property that an object is flexible and can be bent. It refers to the property of an object being able to deform in response to an external force applied to it, and is different from elasticity and pre-deformation. The question is whether or not the battery can restore its original shape. A flexible storage battery can deform in response to external forces. A flexible storage battery can be used while being fixed in a deformed state. The sheet may be repeatedly deformed and used, or may be used in an undeformed state. In this specification, the inside of the exterior body refers to the exterior body of the lithium ion battery. The enclosed area includes the positive electrode, negative electrode, active material layer, separator, and other structures, as well as the electrolyte. It is an area that exists.

[0029] Furthermore, the contents described in the embodiments of the present invention can be used in appropriate combinations. Cut.

[0030] (Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, a lithium-ion battery 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention and a manufacturing method thereof will be described. This article explains:

[0031] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a lithium-ion battery 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The ion storage battery 110 has an internal structure 117 enclosed in an exterior body 116. The structure 117 has electrodes and a separator, and the electrodes are electrically connected to the lead electrodes 115. It continues.

[0032] FIG. 2 shows a lithium ion battery 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention, cut along A1-A2 in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the lithium ion storage battery described in the present embodiment and an enlarged view thereof. As shown in FIG. 2, the battery 110 includes an electrolyte 107 and an internal structure 117, which includes a first stacked a first laminate 100a, a second laminate 100b, a third laminate 100c, and a fourth laminate 100d. The lithium ion battery 110 described in this embodiment has a stacked structure. The number of layers is usually four, but is not limited to this. Each layer consists of a negative electrode current collector 101, a negative electrode active material The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer 102 , a separator 103 , a positive electrode active material layer 104 , and a positive electrode current collector 105 .

[0033] In addition, in the lithium ion battery 110 described in this embodiment, the enlarged view of FIG. As shown in the figure, the first stack 100a to the fourth stack 100d are each made of similar stacked layers. Although the structure is the same, the stacking order of the constituent layers of each laminate is reversed. However, the laminates are not limited to having the same laminate structure.

[0034] In the lithium ion battery 110 described in this embodiment, the first laminate 1 The surface of the positive electrode current collector of the first laminate 100a on which no active material is formed and the surface of the positive electrode current collector of the second laminate 100b The negative electrode current collector of the second laminate 100b is in contact with the surface on which the active material is not formed. The surface on which no active material is formed and the surface on which the active material is formed of the negative electrode current collector of the third laminate 100c are The surface of the negative electrode current collector of the third laminate 100c is in contact with the surface of the negative electrode current collector 100a. The surface of the negative electrode current collector of the fourth stack 100d on which the active material is not formed is in contact with the surface of the negative electrode current collector of the fourth stack 100d on which the active material is not formed. However, in the lithium ion battery 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention, all of the The layers are not limited to being in contact with each other at the current collectors.

[0035] As each current collector is a thin film made of a metal material, as will be described later, the surface is extremely It is flat and has a small coefficient of friction. However, on the surface on which an active material layer is formed, In other words, the surface of the current collector on which the active material is not formed has a larger unevenness. The coefficient of friction increases, and depending on the composition of the material that forms the active material layer, In some cases, the adhesive property is exhibited to structures.

[0036] That is, inside each laminate, the current collector and the separator are laminated with the active material layer interposed therebetween. Because of this structure, friction between the layers is large, and the entire structure that makes up the laminate Unless a certain amount of external force is applied, each layer will remain in contact with each other. On the other hand, the surfaces of the current collectors of each laminate are in contact with each other, and the surfaces of the current collectors Since the surface has a small coefficient of friction, each laminated body can slide easily against each other in response to an external force. can be done.

[0037] In a flexible stacked lithium ion storage battery 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention, When the lithium ion battery 110 is deformed, the exterior body and internal structure are also deformed. Here, we will show the internal structure of the stacked lithium-ion battery before and after deformation. This will be explained using Figure 3.

[0038] FIG. 3(A) shows a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of a stacked lithium ion battery 110 before deformation. Figure 3(B) and Figure 3(C) show the stacked lithium-ion battery in a deformed state. 3(D) is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 3(B). 3(E) is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 3(C). 100d to 100d show the respective stacks. The number of bodies is not limited to this.

[0039] First, in FIG. 3(B), friction between the laminated bodies is large, and the lithium ion battery 110 is deformed. 3(a) and 3(b) are diagrams showing a case where the laminated bodies are deformed as a unit without sliding between them. Fig. 3(D) is an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 3(B). The friction between the laminates is large, and the deformation This shows the case where no sliding occurs between the laminated bodies. While tension stress occurs in some laminates, compression stress occurs in other laminates, so each laminate Different stresses are applied to the children, but this cannot be resolved.

[0040] If the magnitude of deformation exceeds the limit, the difference in stress applied to each laminate becomes too large, and Irreversible peeling occurs between the layers. Also, the stress on each layer of each laminate increases. If the deformation is too large, damage such as cracks and breaks will occur in each layer. Even if the temperature does not exceed the specified limit, repeated deformation will cause damage due to stress to accumulate. In any case, the function of the lithium ion battery 110 This causes serious problems for the product and makes it unsuitable for further use.

[0041] On the other hand, in FIG. 3(C), for example, the surfaces of the current collectors between the laminates are not coated with the active material. This is a diagram showing a case where the friction between the laminated bodies is small due to the fact that they are in contact with each other. 3(E) is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 3(C). When the friction between the laminated bodies is small, The stress applied to each laminated body in response to the deformation of the lithium ion battery 110 is generated by sliding between the laminated bodies. This can be alleviated by

[0042] Therefore, even if the lithium ion battery 110 is significantly deformed, the resulting stress is alleviated by sliding. Therefore, peeling between the laminates is unlikely to occur. The stress caused by the cracks is also reduced, so the damage to each layer is reduced and cracks and fractures are prevented. Furthermore, even when deformation is repeated many times, stress is easily relieved. Because of its structure, damage accumulation is minimal.

[0043] In the lithium ion battery according to one aspect of the present invention, friction between the laminated bodies is small, and the deformation of the battery is prevented. Each laminate can slide against each other depending on the shape, preventing damage to the exterior body due to deformation. Or, it becomes a storage battery in which damage to the internal structure due to deformation is suppressed. This makes it possible to ensure safety in a flexible storage battery.

[0044] In the lithium ion battery according to one aspect of the present invention, the laminated bodies are rubbed against each other. Although the deformation can be suppressed, it cannot be deformed without limit. This is not possible because increasing the deformation of the battery would cause other problems.

[0045] This problem will be explained with reference to Figs. 4 and 5. Fig. 4(A) shows a link according to one embodiment of the present invention. 4(A) and the dashed line B1-B2 in FIG. 4(B) show the lithium ion battery 110. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure of a lithium-ion storage battery according to one embodiment of the present invention. The stacks can slide against each other, but the battery has a lead wire to supply power to the outside. The lead electrodes 115 are connected to a plurality of current collectors, so that each laminate are preferably fixed to each other at the end where the lead electrode 115 is present. If the ends are not fixed, deformation of the battery will cause different amounts of sliding in each lamination. Therefore, the difference in the magnitude of sliding on the lead electrodes 115 to which the current collectors of the respective laminates are connected is This is because of the stress that occurs as a result.

[0046] The change in cross-sectional shape due to deformation of the lithium ion storage battery 110 in which each stack is fixed to one end The deformation process is shown in Figure 5. First, Figure 5(A) shows the cross-sectional structure of the lithium-ion battery before deformation. In this figure, the number of stacked bodies is four, but the lithium ion battery according to one embodiment of the present invention In the ion storage battery, the number of stacked bodies is not limited to four. The outer casing can be made larger than necessary to encase all of the internal laminates. In this way, a void 118 (actually, an area occupied by the electrolyte) is formed inside the battery. By providing the adhesive, a space is created in which the exterior body and the laminated body can slide against each other, and the exterior body and the laminated body can slide against each other. This can prevent unexpected damage to the body.

[0047] 5B shows a cross-sectional structure of the deformed lithium ion battery 110. On the side having 5, the laminates are fixed to each other, while on the other side, Since the laminated bodies slide against each other, the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 5(B) is obtained. As can be seen from the figure, as the degree of deformation of the lithium-ion battery increases, the change in its cross-sectional shape This reduces the void space (area occupied by the electrolyte) 118 inside the battery. If the battery attempts to deform more than shown in FIG. 5(B), the air gap will be exhausted. Interference occurs between the exterior and the laminate, and eventually the laminate applies stress to the exterior, causing damage to the exterior or the laminate. Therefore, the gap 11 corresponding to the magnitude of the deformation expected in the battery may be It is desirable to provide 8 inside the storage battery.

[0048] On the other hand, if the gap 118 is too large, it may cause a problem that is not directly related to the capacity of the battery. This causes an increase in capacitance, which reduces the capacity per unit volume of the battery, which is a problem.

[0049] The gap is formed by dividing the length of the exterior body in the cross section shown in FIG. 5(A) by the length required to cover the internal structure. The length is set to be longer than the required length. From this, it is possible to derive the size of the gap required to continue covering the internal structure without interference. Furthermore, the length of the exterior body required to provide a gap of that size can be calculated.

[0050] Therefore, the following will describe how to prevent damage to the exterior body due to deformation of the storage battery and how to prevent damage due to an increase in voids. This paper explains a flexible lithium-ion battery that minimizes the loss of capacity per unit volume. do.

[0051] <Shape change and gap setting of flexible lithium-ion batteries> First, the shape change of a flexible lithium ion battery will be explained. For clarity, the internal structure of the battery (all laminates combined) in FIG. 5(A) is shown. A schematic diagram of the outer ring shape of the bearing is shown in Figure 6(A). 5(B) is a diagram showing the outer ring shape of the internal structure 117 of the lithium ion battery. A schematic diagram of the outer ring shape of the internal structure 117 of the lithium ion storage battery is shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 6B shows the outside of the internal structure 117 of the deformed lithium ion battery 110. In this figure, the end portion far from the center of curvature 1101 of the internal structure is 1105, and the ends farther from the center of curvature 1101 of the internal structure are 1103 and 1105, and the ends closer to the center of curvature of the internal structure are designated as 1102 and 1104, respectively. The point closer to the center of curvature of the internal structure is designated as 1106.

[0052] In FIG. 6(A), the length of the laminate in the cross section (for example, the length between 1102 and 1104) The length of the internal structure (for example, the length between 1102 and 1103) is L, and the thickness of the internal structure (for example, the length between 1102 and 1103) is T. Next, Figure 6(B) shows the results of a lithium-ion battery that has been deformed to the extent that it uses up all of its voids. 6B is a diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of the internal structure 117. In FIG. 1101 is taken as the starting point, and the end 1103 of the internal structure 117 on the far side from the center of curvature 1101 is The distance (radius of the arc) from the end point is r2. The distance (arc radius) to the end 1102 of the internal structure on the side closer to the center of curvature 1101 is r1. do.

[0053] First, the perimeter of the outer ring shape of the internal structure 117 in the cross section of FIG. 6(A) is 2L+2 Next, consider the length of the outer ring shape of the internal structure in the cross section of Figure 6(B). First, the thickness of the internal structure at one end where the laminates are fixed to each other (1104 and 1105) The length between the two (the length between the two) remains unchanged before and after deformation, so it is T.

[0054] Next, the part close to the center of curvature of the internal structure (the arc between 1102 and 1104) and the part in the middle of the curvature The length of the part far from the center (the arc between 1103 and 1105) is also In the lithium ion battery according to one embodiment of the present invention, Since the laminated bodies can slide against each other, the laminated bodies move relative to each other according to the deformation of the storage battery. This is because the lengths of both parts do not change because they slide against each other and the stress is relieved.

[0055] Therefore, the change in the perimeter of the outer ring shape of the internal structure 117 due to the deformation of the storage battery is It can be found by considering the length of the part between 1102 and 1103. Next, a point 1106 on the side closer to the center of curvature of the internal structure will be described. A straight line connecting the end 1103 far from the center of curvature of the internal structure and the center of curvature 1101, and The center of curvature 1101 is the intersection point with the side closer to the center of curvature of the outer ring shape of the structure. The curvature of the arc (arc between 1102 and 1104) which is the shape of the part close to the center of curvature of the structure Since the center of curvature is also the center of curvature, the arc and the end 1103 on the side farther from the center of curvature of the internal structure and the center of curvature The line connecting the end 1102 and the point 1103 intersects at right angles at the point 1106. The arc between 1106 and 1107 can be approximated by a straight line because the central angle is small. , and connecting end 1103, end 1102 and point 1106 forms a right triangle. The length between 02 and the end 1103 is calculated by the Pythagorean law using the lengths of the other two sides of the triangle. This can be determined by the theorem.

[0056] First, the length between the point 1106 and the end 1103 is the thickness of the internal structure 117, so It becomes T.

[0057] Next, the length between point 1106 and end 1102 is the length connecting end 1102 and end 1104. This is the arc length L minus the arc length between point 1106 and end 1104. Now consider the arc length L1 between point 1106 and end 1104.

[0058] The length of an arc is the product of the diameter and pi, multiplied by the ratio of the central angle to 360°. That is, L1 is expressed by the following formula (2).

[0059]

number

[0060] Here, r1 represents the radius of the arc that is the shape closer to the center of curvature of the internal structure, and θ represents the radius of the arc. The central angle of the inner structure is 1103 and 1105. The length of the arc between is L, but the central angle of the arc is θ and the radius is r2, so Similarly, the following equation (3) holds true.

[0061]

number

[0062] Here, when formula (3) is applied to formula (2), the following formula (4) is established.

[0063]

number

[0064] Therefore, in the right triangle connecting the end 1103, the end 1102, and the point 1106, If the length of the side is T1, the following equation (5) holds according to the Pythagorean theorem.

[0065]

number

[0066] When formula (4) is applied to formula (5), the following formula (6) holds for the length of T1.

[0067]

number

[0068] Furthermore, the radius of the arc of the outer ring shape of the internal structure farther from the center of curvature 1101 is r2, The radius of the arc of the outer ring shape of the internal structure closer to the center of curvature 1101 is r1, and the difference is Since the thickness of the internal structure is T, r1 is the value obtained by subtracting T from r2. ) T1 is expressed by the following formula (7).

[0069]

number

[0070] Before the lithium ion battery is deformed, the gap between the end 1103 and the end 1102 The length of the end 1103 and the end 110 in the deformed state is the thickness T of the internal structure. Since the length between end 1103 and end 2 is T1, the deformation of the lithium ion battery The increase in length between the section 1102 is T1-T, which is the value expressed by the following formula (8).

[0071]

number

[0072] That is, it is desirable to provide a gap inside the storage battery that allows for this increase. Therefore, in the cross section shown in Figure 6, the length of the interior of the exterior body is the outer edge of the internal structure before deformation. The length is 2L+2T, which is the length of the In other words, based on the thickness and length of the internal structure, the magnitude of the deformation of the battery is The size of the gap to prevent damage to the exterior body of the storage battery can be determined from the desired radius of curvature. This can be done.

[0073] In conclusion, when the lithium ion battery 110 is deformed around an axis that is the center of curvature, The cross-sectional length of the exterior body in a plane perpendicular to the axis is the outer ring shape of the internal structure 117 when deformed. The length should be equal to or greater than 2L+T+T1. If the length of the exterior body is A, then , A satisfies the following formula (1).

[0074]

number

[0075] The technical idea is that the friction between the laminated bodies is small, and the laminated bodies move in response to the deformation of the storage battery. In the lithium ion storage battery according to one aspect of the present invention, the electrodes slide against each other and are released from stress. It also solves problems that exist only in the

[0076] Next, a lithium-ion storage battery according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0077] <Positive electrode configuration> First, the positive electrode will be described. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer 104 and a positive electrode current collector 105. nothing.

[0078] The positive electrode active material used in the positive electrode active material layer 104 is a carrier such as lithium ions. Materials that allow ion insertion and desorption can be used, such as olivine-type crystal structures. Examples of such a material include a lithium-containing material having a layered rock salt type crystal structure or a spinel type crystal structure. can be done.

[0079] Lithium-containing materials with an olivine structure (general formula: LiMPO4 (where M is Fe(II), Mn( Representative examples of LiFePO4, Li(II), Co(II) or Ni(II) NiPO4, LiCoPO4, LiMnPO4, LiFe a Ni b PO4, LiFe a C o b PO4, LiFe a Mn b PO4, LiNi a Co b PO4, LiNi a Mn b PO 4 (a+b is less than or equal to 1, 0 <a<1、0<b<1)、LiFe c Ni d Co e PO4, Li Fe c Ni d Mn e PO4, LiNi c Co d Mn e PO4 (c + d + e is 1 or less, 0 < c < 1, 0 < d < 1, 0 < e < 1), LiFe f Ni g Co h Mn i PO4 (f + g + h + i is 1 or less, 0 < f < 1, 0 < g < 1, 0 < h < 1, 0 < i < 1), etc.

[0080] For example, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is preferable because it satisfies the requirements for a cathode active material, such as safety, stability, high capacity density, high potential , the presence of lithium ions that can be extracted during initial oxidation (charging), etc., in a well - balanced manner.

[0081] Examples of lithium - containing materials having a layered rock - salt crystal structure include, for example, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), LiNiO2, LiMnO2, Li2MnO3, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O2 and other Ni - Co - based (general formula: LiNi x Co 1-x O2 (0 < x < 1)), L iNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O2 and other Ni - Mn - based (general formula: LiNi x Mn 1-x O2 (0 < x < 1)), LiNi 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 O2 and other Ni - Mn - Co - based (also referred to as NMC. General formula: LiNi x Mn y [[ID=CO72]]Co 1-x-y O2 (x > 0, y > 0, x + y < 1 )) are included. Furthermore, Li(Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al​0.05 )O2, Li2 Other examples include MnO3-LiMO2 (M is Co, Ni or Mn).

[0082] In particular, LiCoO2 has a large capacity and is more stable in the air than LiNiO2. It is preferable because it has advantages such as being more thermally stable than LiNiO2.

[0083] Examples of lithium-containing materials having a spinel-type crystal structure include LiMn2O4, L i 1+x Mn 2-x O4, Li(MnAl)2O4, LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O4 etc. Examples include:

[0084] A lithium-containing material having a spinel-type crystal structure containing manganese, such as LiMn2O4, A small amount of lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2 or LiNi 1-x MO2 (M=Co, Al, etc.) ) is preferably mixed with other materials, as it has the advantage of suppressing the elution of manganese and the decomposition of the electrolyte. Desirable.

[0085] In addition, the positive electrode active material is a compound of the general formula Li (2-j) MSiO4 (M is Fe(II), Mn (II), Co(II), or Ni(II)) (j is 0 to 2) The general formula Li (2-j) A typical example of MSiO4 is Li ( 2-j) FeSiO4, Li (2-j) NiSiO4, Li (2-j) CoSiO4, L i (2-j) MnSiO4, Li (2-j) Fe k Ni l SiO4, Li (2-j) Fe k Co l SiO4, Li (2-j) Fe k Mn l SiO4, Li (2-j) Ni k Co l SiO4, Li (2-j) Ni k Mn l SiO4 (k + l is 1 or less, 0 < k < 1, 0 < l <1), Li (2-j) Fe m Ni n Co q SiO4, Li (2-j) Fe m Ni n Mn q SiO4, Li (2-j) Ni m Co n Mn q SiO4 (m + n + q is 1 or less, 0 < m <1, 0 < n < 1, 0 < q < 1), Li (2-j) Fe r Ni s Co t Mn u SiO4( r + s + t + u is 1 or less, 0 < r < 1, 0 < s < 1, 0 < t < 1, 0 < u < 1), etc. are mentioned.

[0086] Also, as the positive electrode active material, A x M2(XO4)3 (A is Li, Na, or Mg) (M is Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Nb, or Al) (X is S, P, Mo, W, As, or , Si) of the general formula can be used. The NASICON-type compound includes Fe2(MnO4)3, Fe2(SO4)3, Li3Fe2(PO4)3, etc. are mentioned. Also, as the positive electrode active material, Li2MPO4F, Li2MP2O7, Li5M O4 (M is Fe or Mn) of the general formula, compounds such as NaFeF3, FeF3, etc. Perovskite-type fluorides, metal chalcogenides such as TiS2 and MoS2 (sulfides, selenium Lithium-containing materials with an inverse spinel crystal structure, such as LiMVO4, LiMVO4, etc. vanadium oxides (V2O5, V6O 13 , LiV3O8, etc.), manganese oxide, Materials such as organic sulfur can be used.

[0087] In addition, the carrier ions are alkali metal ions other than lithium ions, alkaline earth metal ions, etc. In the case of metal ions, instead of lithium, the above compounds and oxides are used as the positive electrode active material. , alkali metals (e.g., sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metals (e.g., calcium Sodium, strontium, barium, beryllium, magnesium, etc.) may also be used. For example, NaFeO2 and Na 2 / 3 [Fe 1 / 2 Mn 1 / 2 ]O2 and other sodium-containing The layered oxide can be used as the positive electrode active material.

[0088] Furthermore, a combination of the above materials may be used as the positive electrode active material. A solid solution of a combination of these materials can be used as the positive electrode active material. Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 Ni 1 / 3 A solid solution of O2 and Li2MnO3 was used as the positive electrode active material. It is possible.

[0089] The positive electrode active material preferably has an average primary particle size of 50 nm to 100 μm. .

[0090] The positive electrode active material, together with the negative electrode active material, plays a central role in the battery reaction of the storage battery and It is a substance that releases and absorbs. To extend the life of a storage battery, it is necessary to reduce the irreversible reaction of the battery. It is preferable that the material has a small capacity related to the charge and discharge, and it is preferable that the material has a high charge and discharge efficiency. It's nice.

[0091] As the active material comes into contact with the electrolyte, it reacts with the electrolyte, causing the active material to be lost and deteriorated. When the battery is degraded, the capacity of the battery decreases. It is desirable that such reactions do not occur within the pond.

[0092] As a conductive additive for the electrodes, acetylene black (AB), graphite particles, carbon Carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, etc. can be used.

[0093] The conductive additive can form an electrically conductive network in the electrode. This allows the electrical conduction path between the positive electrode active materials to be maintained. By adding an electrical auxiliary agent, it is possible to realize a positive electrode active material layer 101 having high electrical conductivity. This can be done.

[0094] In addition to the typical polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyimide is also used as a binder. , polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene propylene diene poly rubber, fluoro rubber, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, nitrocellulose, etc. You can be there.

[0095] The content of the binder relative to the total amount of the positive electrode active material layer 104 is 1 wt % or more and 10 wt % or less. is preferable, 2 wt% or more and 8 wt% or less is more preferable, and 3 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less is even more preferable. It is more preferable that the content of the conductive additive with respect to the total amount of the positive electrode active material layer 101 is 1 wt %. The content is preferably from 1 wt % to 10 wt %, and more preferably from 1 wt % to 5 wt %.

[0096] When the positive electrode active material layer 104 is formed by the coating method, the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive additive are mixed. The agent and the dispersion medium are mixed to prepare an electrode slurry, which is then applied to the positive electrode current collector 105 and dried. That's fine.

[0097] The positive electrode current collector 105 may be made of metal such as stainless steel, gold, platinum, aluminum, titanium, or the like. and their alloys, which are highly conductive and do not alloy with carrier ions such as lithium. In addition, silicon, titanium, neodymium, scandium, molybdenum, etc. Aluminum alloys containing elements that improve heat resistance can be used. Alternatively, the metal element may be formed of a metal element that reacts with silicon to form a silicide. Metal elements that form silicides include zirconium, titanium, hafnium, and vanadium. Sodium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, nickel, etc. The positive electrode current collector is available in foil, plate (sheet), mesh, punched metal, expanded A metal shape or the like can be used as appropriate.

[0098] The positive electrode active material layer 104 is provided on one side of the positive electrode current collector 105, and the positive electrode active material layer 105 is provided on the other side. In this case, the positive electrode active material layer is not provided. In this case, the surface of the positive electrode current collector 105 is flat and has a small coefficient of friction. When the surfaces of the positive electrode current collectors on which the positive electrode active material layer is not provided come into contact with each other, the positive electrode current collectors can slide against each other.

[0099] Through the above steps, a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery can be produced.

[0100] <Negative electrode configuration> Next, the negative electrode will be described. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material layer 102 and a negative electrode current collector 101. The process for forming the negative electrode is described below.

[0101] As the negative electrode active material used in the negative electrode active material layer 102, the carbon-based material may be graphite, graphite-based carbon, or the like. graphitizable carbon (soft carbon), non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), carbon nanotubes Examples of graphite include mesocarbon microbeads, graphene, and carbon black. Artificial graphite such as MCMB, coke-based artificial graphite, pitch-based artificial graphite, and spherical natural graphite There is natural graphite such as lead. Graphite also comes in flake and spherical shapes. .

[0102] In addition to carbon-based materials, negative electrode active materials include those that charge and discharge by alloying and dealloying reactions with lithium. Materials capable of undergoing a reaction can also be used, such as Ga, Si, Al, Ge, A material containing at least one of Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Ag, Zn, Cd, In, etc. These elements have a larger capacity than carbon, and silicon in particular has a theoretical The capacity is as high as 4200mAh / g, which is preferable. , for example, Mg2Si, Mg2Ge, Mg2Sn, SnS2, V2Sn3, FeSn2, CoSn2, Ni3Sn2, Cu6Sn5, Ag3Sn, Ag3Sb, Ni2MnSb, CeSb3, LaSn3, La3Co2Sn7, CoSb3, InSb, SbSn, etc. do.

[0103] In addition, the negative electrode active material is SiO, SnO, SnO2, titanium dioxide (TiO2), lithium Sodium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O 12 ), lithium-graphite intercalation compound (Li x C6), Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), tungsten oxide (WO2), molybdenum oxide (MoO2 ) and other oxides can be used.

[0104] In addition, the negative electrode active material is a composite nitride of lithium and transition metals, which has a Li3N structure. Li 3-x M x N (M is Co, Ni or Cu) can be used. For example, Li2 .6 Co 0.4 N3 has a large charge / discharge capacity (900mAh / g, 1890mAh / cm 3 ) This is preferable.

[0105] When a composite nitride of lithium and a transition metal is used, the negative electrode active material contains lithium ions, The positive electrode active material is a combination of materials such as V2O5 and Cr3O8 that do not contain lithium ions. Even when a material containing lithium ions is used as the positive electrode active material, By first removing the lithium ions contained in the positive electrode active material, lithium is released as the negative electrode active material. A complex nitride of ammonium and a transition metal can be used.

[0106] In addition, a material that undergoes a conversion reaction can also be used as the negative electrode active material. , cobalt oxide (CoO), nickel oxide (NiO), iron oxide (FeO), etc. A transition metal oxide that does not undergo an alloying reaction with the negative electrode active material may be used. Further materials that undergo a reaction include Fe2O3, CuO, Cu2O, RuO2, and Cr2O Third order oxide, CoS0.89 , NiS, CuS and other sulfides, Zn3N2, Cu3N, G Nitrides such as e3N4, phosphides such as NiP2, FeP2, CoP3, FeF3, BiF3 This also occurs with fluorides such as

[0107] For example, the particle size of the negative electrode active material is preferably 50 nm or more and 100 μm or less. .

[0108] In both the positive electrode active material layer 104 and the negative electrode active material layer 102, a plurality of active materials are used. The materials may be used in combination at a specific ratio. This allows the performance of the active material layer to be selected in more detail.

[0109] As a conductive additive for the electrodes, acetylene black (AB), graphite particles, carbon Carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, etc. can be used.

[0110] The conductive additive can form an electrically conductive network in the electrode. This allows the electrical conduction path between the negative electrode active materials to be maintained. By adding an electrical auxiliary agent, it is possible to realize a negative electrode active material layer 102 having high electrical conductivity. This can be done.

[0111] In addition to the typical polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyimide is also used as a binder. , polyvinyl chloride, ethylene propylene diene polymer, styrene-butadiene glycol Rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, polyvinyl acetate, polymethylmethacrylate Acrylate, polyethylene, nitrocellulose, etc. can be used.

[0112] The content of the binder relative to the total amount of the negative electrode active material layer 102 is 1 wt % or more and 10 wt % or less. is preferable, 2 wt% or more and 8 wt% or less is more preferable, and 3 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less is even more preferable. It is more preferable that the content of the conductive additive with respect to the total amount of the negative electrode active material layer 103 is 1 wt %. The content is preferably from 1 wt % to 10 wt %, and more preferably from 1 wt % to 5 wt %.

[0113] Next, a negative electrode active material layer 102 is formed on the negative electrode current collector 101. When forming the negative electrode active material layer 102, a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive additive, and a dispersion medium are mixed and then spun. A slurry is prepared, applied to the negative electrode current collector 101, and dried. Pressing may also be performed.

[0114] The negative electrode current collector 101 may be made of stainless steel, gold, platinum, iron, copper, titanium, tantalum, or the like. Metals and their alloys have high conductivity and do not alloy with carrier ions such as lithium. Materials can be used. Metal elements that react with silicon to form silicides can also be used. The metal element that reacts with silicon to form silicide is zirconium. Cr, titanium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten The negative electrode current collector 102 may be in the form of a foil, a plate (sheet), or the like. , mesh, cylindrical, coil, punched metal, expanded metal, etc. The negative electrode current collector 101 has a thickness of 5 μm or more and 30 μm or less. In addition, it is preferable to undercoat part of the surface of the electrode current collector with graphite or the like. A layer may be provided.

[0115] The negative electrode active material layer 102 is provided on one side of the negative electrode current collector 101, and the negative electrode active material layer 103 is provided on the other side. In this case, the negative electrode active material layer is not provided. In this case, the surface of the negative electrode current collector 101 is flat and has a small coefficient of friction. When the surfaces of the negative electrode current collectors on which the negative electrode active material layer is not provided come into contact with each other, the two current collectors can slide against each other.

[0116] Through the above steps, a negative electrode for a lithium ion battery can be produced.

[0117] <Separator configuration> The separator 103 will now be described. The separator 103 may be made of paper, nonwoven fabric, gas, or the like. Lath fiber, or nylon (polyamide), vinylon (polyvinyl alcohol fiber) ), polyester, acrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane and other synthetic fibers. However, it is necessary to select a material that does not dissolve in the electrolyte solution described below.

[0118] More specifically, the separator 103 may be made of a material such as a fluorine-based polymer or polyethylene. Polyethers such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, polyethylene, polypropylene Polyolefins such as ethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethylmethacrylate acrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylonitrile, Polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, polybutadiene, Polystyrene, polyisoprene, polyurethane polymers and their derivatives, cellulose , paper, nonwoven fabric, glass fiber, or a combination of two or more thereof. It is possible.

[0119] The separator 103 has insulating properties to prevent contact between the two electrodes, properties to retain the electrolyte, and properties to conduct ions. As a method for producing a membrane that functions as a separator, There are methods using stretching. For example, a molten polymer material is expanded to release heat, and the resulting film is There is a stretching method in which the film is stretched in two axial directions parallel to the film to form pores.

[0120] Through the above steps, the separator can be incorporated into the lithium ion battery.

[0121] <Electrolyte composition>

[0122] The electrolyte solution 107 that can be used in the lithium-ion battery according to one embodiment of the present invention is It is preferable to use a non-aqueous solution (solvent) containing a substance (solute).

[0123] As a solvent for the electrolyte 107, a material in which carrier ions can move is used. Protic organic solvents are preferred, such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate. (PC), butylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate , γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl formate, methyl acetate methyl butyrate, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, dimethoxyethane (DM E), dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl ether, methyl diglyme, acetonitrile, Benzonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, sulfolane, sultone, or any of these Any two or more of these may be used in any combination and ratio.

[0124] In addition, by using a polymer material that can be gelled as a solvent for the electrolyte 107, it is possible to reduce the risk of leakage. This increases safety. It also makes it possible to make lithium-ion batteries thinner and lighter. Typical examples of polymeric materials that can be polymerized are silicone gel, acrylic gel, and acrylonitrile. Polyethylene oxide gel, Polypropylene oxide gel, Fluorine-based gel Examples include polymer gels.

[0125] In addition, flame-retardant and non-evaporative ionic liquids (also known as room-temperature molten salts) are used as solvents for the electrolyte. ) can be used to prevent internal short circuits in lithium-ion batteries and overcharging. Even if the internal temperature rises, the lithium-ion battery can be prevented from exploding or catching fire. This can improve the safety of the lithium-ion battery.

[0126] In addition, the electrolyte used in the storage battery does not contain granular waste or elements other than the constituent elements of the electrolyte (hereinafter simply referred to as It is preferable to use a highly purified electrolyte solution with a low content of impurities. Specifically, the mass ratio of impurities to the electrolyte is 1% or less, preferably 0.1% or less, more preferably 1% or less. It is more preferable that the content of vinylene carbonate in the electrolyte is 0.01% or less. Additives such as acetone may also be added.

[0127] In addition, when lithium ions are used as a carrier, the electrolyte to be dissolved in the solvent is , such as LiPF6, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiBF4, LiAlCl4, Li SCN, LiBr, LiI, Li2SO4, Li2B 10 Cl 10 , Li2B 12 Cl1 2, LiCF3SO3, LiC4F9SO3, LiC(CF3SO2)3, LiC(C2 F5SO2)3, LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiN(C4F9SO2)(CF3SO2 ), LiN(C2F5SO2)2, or two or more of these lithium salts Any combination and ratio may be used.

[0128] In the above electrolyte, the carrier ions are lithium ions. However, carrier ions other than lithium ions can also be used. As carrier ions, in the case of alkali metal ions and alkaline earth metal ions, the electrolyte In the lithium salt, an alkali metal (e.g., sodium) may be used instead of lithium. alkaline earth metals (e.g., calcium, strontium, barium, etc.), Alternatively, metals such as aluminum, beryllium, or magnesium may be used.

[0129] In addition, the electrolyte may react with the positive electrode current collector and corrode the positive electrode current collector. To prevent corrosion, it is preferable to add a few wt% of LiPF6 to the electrolyte. This is because a non-conductive film is generated on the surface of the current collector, and this non-conductive film inhibits the reaction between the electrolyte and the positive electrode current collector. However, in order to prevent the positive electrode active material layer from dissolving, the concentration of LiPF6 is set to 10 wt% or less. The content is preferably 5 wt% or less, and more preferably 3 wt% or less.

[0130] <Exterior body configuration> Next, the exterior body 116 will be described. The exterior body 116 is made of, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. Al is applied to a membrane made of a material such as propylene, polycarbonate, ionomer, or polyamide. A thin metal film with excellent flexibility, such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, or nickel, is applied, and the metal On the thin film, an insulating synthetic resin such as polyamide resin or polyester resin is applied as the outer surface of the exterior body. A three-layer film having a membrane can be used. It blocks the permeation of electrolyte and gas, ensures insulation, and is also electrolyte-resistant. Fold the exterior body inward and stack them, or place the two exterior bodies with their inner surfaces facing each other. By stacking them and applying heat, the inner material melts and the two outer bodies are fused together, forming a seal. A stop structure can be created.

[0131] If the sealing portion is the part where the exterior body is fused or otherwise formed into a sealed structure, the exterior body can be folded inward. When the package is folded and stacked, a sealing portion is formed at a location other than the fold, and the first region of the exterior body and The first area and the overlapping second area are fused together. When the adhesive is melted, a sealing portion is formed around the entire periphery by a method such as heat sealing.

[0132] In one embodiment of the present invention, the exterior body 116 is, as described above, a lithium ion battery 11 In order to create a gap inside the 0, it is desirable that it be of a certain length or more.

[0133] <Flexible storage battery> When a flexible material is selected from the materials of each member shown in this embodiment, It is possible to fabricate a flexible lithium-ion battery. There has been active research and development into flexible batteries for use in such devices. This has created a demand for storage batteries.

[0134] When a storage battery with two films as the exterior body and 1805 electrodes and electrolyte is bent The radius of curvature 1802 of the film 1801 on the side closer to the center of curvature 1800 of the battery is The radius of curvature 1804 of the film 1803 on the side farther from the center of curvature 1800 is smaller than that of the film 1803 (FIG. 7( A) When the battery is bent to make the cross section arc-shaped, the surface of the film close to the center of curvature 180° The surface of the film far from the center of curvature 1800 is subjected to compressive stress, and the surface of the film far from the center of curvature 1800 is subjected to tensile stress. This is the case (Figure 7(B)).

[0135] When a flexible lithium-ion battery is deformed, a large stress is applied to the exterior. When a pattern consisting of recesses or protrusions is formed on the surface of the exterior body, the pressure generated by the deformation of the storage battery is reduced. Even if compressive stress or tensile stress is applied, the effects of strain can be suppressed. Therefore, the radius of curvature of the exterior body of the battery on the side closest to the center of curvature is 50 mm, preferably 30 mm. It can be deformed within the range.

[0136] The radius of curvature of a surface will be explained with reference to FIG. 8. In FIG. 8(A), a curved surface 1700 is cut. In a cross-sectional plane 1701, a part of a curve 1702 included in a curved surface 1700 is approximated to an arc of a circle. Similarly, the radius of the circle is the radius of curvature 1703, and the center of the circle is the center of curvature 1704. 8(B) shows a top view of the curved surface 1700. FIG. 8(C) shows the curved surface 1700 in a plane 1701. When cutting a curved surface with a plane, the angle of the plane relative to the curved surface and the cutting The radius of curvature of the curve that appears in the cross section varies depending on the position. The smallest radius of curvature is taken as the radius of curvature of the surface.

[0137] The cross-sectional shape of the storage battery is not limited to a simple arc shape, and may be a shape having a partial arc. For example, the shape shown in FIG. 7(C), a wave shape (FIG. 7(D)), an S-shape, etc. If the curved surface of the storage battery has a shape with multiple centers of curvature, The two exterior bodies are connected at the surface with the smallest curvature radius among the curvature radii at each center. The radius of curvature of the outer casing closer to the center of curvature is 50 mm, preferably 30 mm. The battery can be deformed.

[0138] <Battery assembly and aging> Next, the above-mentioned components are combined and sealed in the exterior body 207, thereby forming the device shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, a positive electrode current collector 105, a positive electrode active material layer 104, a separator 103, and a negative electrode active material layer 105 are included. The internal structure having a plurality of stacked bodies each having a material layer 102 and a negative electrode current collector 101 stacked on top of each other is called an electrode. The container 107 is sealed together with the solution 107 by the exterior body 107 .

[0139] Next, the aging process is performed. First, the ambient temperature is kept at, for example, room temperature, and the matching rate is low. Next, the gas generated in the area inside the exterior body due to charging is released into the exterior body. The battery is then discharged outside the body, and then charged at a rate higher than the initial charge.

[0140] Then, store it in a slightly higher temperature environment for a long period of time, for example, in an environment of 40°C or higher for 24 hours or more. Save above.

[0141] After long-term storage in a slightly high temperature environment, the gas generated in the area inside the exterior body is released again. Furthermore, discharge the battery at a rate of 0.2C in a room temperature environment, charge it at the same rate, and then charge it again at the same rate. After discharging at the same rate, the battery is charged again at the same rate. The aging process is completed.

[0142] In this manner, the storage battery according to the present invention can be manufactured.

[0143] This embodiment mode can be implemented in appropriate combination with other embodiment modes.

[0144] In this specification, etc., in a drawing or text that describes one embodiment, If at least one specific example is described, it is not possible to derive a generic concept of that specific example. This will be easily understood by those skilled in the art. When at least one specific example is described in a figure or text, the general outline of that specific example is The invention is also disclosed as an aspect of the invention and may constitute an aspect of the invention. Therefore, one aspect of the invention can be said to be clear.

[0145] In this specification, at least the contents shown in the drawings (or even a part of the drawings) This is disclosed as one aspect of the invention and can constitute one aspect of the invention. Therefore, if something is shown in a diagram, it is not necessarily stated in words. However, the content is disclosed as one aspect of the invention and constitutes one aspect of the invention. Similarly, even if a part of the drawings is taken out, it can be regarded as one embodiment of the invention. This is disclosed as an embodiment of the present invention. It can be said that one aspect of the invention is clear.

[0146] Note that one embodiment of the present invention has been described in this embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to these. That is, in this and other embodiments, various aspects of the invention are described. Therefore, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment. As an example, the present invention is applied to a flexible lithium ion secondary battery. One aspect of the present invention is not limited to this. We offer a wide range of secondary batteries, including lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion polymer secondary batteries, and nickel-metal hydride batteries. Batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-iron batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, oxide Silver-zinc storage battery, solid-state battery, air battery, primary battery, capacitor, or electric double layer capacitor capacitors, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors, lithium ion capacitors, etc. For example, depending on the circumstances, the present invention may be applied to any of the above. One aspect does not necessarily have to be applied to lithium ion secondary batteries.

[0147] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, a structure of a storage battery according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11. and explain.

[0148] <Coin-type storage battery> FIG. 9(A) is an external view of a coin-type (single-layer flat) storage battery, and FIG. 9(B) is a cross-sectional view of the battery. FIG.

[0149] The coin-type storage battery 300 has a positive electrode can 301 that also serves as a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode can 302 that also serves as a negative electrode terminal. 02 is insulated and sealed by a gasket 303 made of polypropylene or the like. The electrode 304 is composed of a positive electrode current collector 305 and a positive electrode active material layer 306 provided in contact with the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active material layer 306 is formed by the positive electrode active material and a layer that enhances the adhesion of the positive electrode active material. and a conductive additive for increasing the conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer. Good too.

[0150] The negative electrode 307 includes a negative electrode current collector 308 and a negative electrode active material layer provided in contact with the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode active material layer 309 is formed by the negative electrode active material and the adhesiveness of the negative electrode active material. binders to enhance the conductivity of the negative electrode active material layer, and conductive additives to enhance the conductivity of the negative electrode active material layer. A separator 31 may be provided between the positive electrode active material layer 306 and the negative electrode active material layer 309. 0 and an electrolyte (not shown).

[0151] The materials shown in the first embodiment can be used for each component.

[0152] The positive electrode can 301 and the negative electrode can 302 are made of nickel, titanium, or the like, which is corrosion-resistant to the electrolyte. These metals, or their alloys or alloys of these with other metals (such as stainless steel) are used. In addition, it is preferable to coat the electrode with nickel or the like to prevent corrosion by the electrolyte. The positive electrode can 301 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 304, and the negative electrode can 302 is electrically connected to the negative electrode 307. To be continued.

[0153] The negative electrode 307, the positive electrode 304, and the separator 310 are impregnated with an electrolyte, and as shown in FIG. As shown, the positive electrode can 301 is placed downwards, and the positive electrode 304, separator 310, negative electrode 307, and negative electrode The cans 302 are stacked in this order, and the positive electrode can 301 and the negative electrode can 302 are secured together with a gasket 303 interposed therebetween. The coin-shaped storage battery 300 is manufactured by crimping.

[0154] Here, the flow of current during charging of a storage battery will be explained using FIG. 9(C). When a battery is considered as a closed circuit, the movement of lithium ions and the flow of current are in the same direction. In addition, in a lithium-based battery, the anode (positive electrode) and cathode (negative electrode) change during charging and discharging. ) are switched, and the oxidation reaction and reduction reaction are switched. The electrode with the lower reaction potential is called the positive electrode, and the electrode with the lower reaction potential is called the negative electrode. Whether charging, discharging, or applying a reverse pulse current, the charging current Even when electricity flows through the positive electrode, it is called the "positive electrode" or "+ electrode (plus electrode)" and the negative electrode is called the "negative electrode" " or "-pole (negative pole)". When the terms anode (positive electrode) and cathode (negative electrode) are used, the relationship is reversed during charging and discharging. This can lead to confusion. Therefore, the anode and cathode are The term "anode" or "cathode" is not used in this specification. When using the term cathode, specify whether it is charging or discharging, and ) or negative pole (minus pole).

[0155] A charger is connected to the two terminals shown in Figure 9(C) to charge the storage battery 400. As the charging of the battery 400 progresses, the potential difference between the electrodes increases. It flows from the external terminal to the positive electrode 402, and then flows from the positive electrode 402 to the negative electrode 402 inside the storage battery 400. The direction of the current flowing from the negative electrode to the external terminal of the storage battery 400 is called positive. In other words, the direction of the current is the same as the direction of the charging current.

[0156] <Cylindrical storage battery> Next, an example of a cylindrical storage battery will be described with reference to FIG. 10. As shown in FIG. 10(A), the battery lid 601 has a positive electrode cap (battery lid) on the top surface, and The battery can (external can) 602 is provided on the bottom surface. It is insulated from O2 by a gasket (insulating packing) 610.

[0157] Fig. 10(B) is a schematic diagram showing the cross section of a cylindrical storage battery. Inside 602, a strip-shaped positive electrode 604 and a negative electrode 606 are wound with a separator 605 sandwiched between them. Although not shown, the battery element is wound around a center pin. The battery can 602 is closed at one end and open at the other. Metals such as nickel and titanium that are corrosion-resistant to the electrolyte, or alloys of these metals or alloys of these metals An alloy of the metal with other metals (for example, stainless steel, etc.) can be used. To prevent corrosion due to the above, it is preferable to coat the inside of the battery can 602 with nickel or the like. The battery element, in which the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator are wound, is sandwiched between a pair of opposing insulating plates 608, The battery element is sandwiched between the battery can 602 and the non-aqueous electrolyte 609. The non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) is the same as that used in coin-type batteries. You can be there.

[0158] The positive electrode 604 and the negative electrode 606 are manufactured in the same manner as the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the coin-type storage battery described above. However, since the positive and negative electrodes used in cylindrical storage batteries are wound, active materials are placed on both sides of the current collector. The positive electrode 604 is connected to a positive electrode terminal (positive electrode current collecting tab) 603. A negative electrode terminal (negative electrode current collecting tab) 607 is connected to the negative electrode 606. The positive and negative terminals 607 can both be made of a metal material such as aluminum. The terminal 603 is resistance-welded to the safety valve mechanism 612, and the negative terminal 607 is resistance-welded to the bottom of the battery can 602. The safety valve mechanism 612 is a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) element. The positive electrode cap 601 is electrically connected to the positive electrode cap 601 via a The safety valve mechanism 612 releases the positive electrode cap 6 when the internal pressure of the battery exceeds a predetermined threshold. The PTC element 611 cuts off the electrical connection between the positive electrode 601 and the positive electrode 604. It is a thermal resistor whose resistance increases as the temperature rises, and the increase in resistance limits the amount of current. The PTC element is made of barium titanate (BaTiO3 )-based semiconductor ceramics, etc. can be used.

[0159] <Laminated storage battery> Next, an example of a laminated type storage battery will be described with reference to FIG. If the battery is flexible, at least a part of the flexible portion is If the battery is mounted in an electronic device, the battery can be bent to match the deformation of the electronic device.

[0160] The laminated storage battery 500 shown in FIG. 11(A) comprises a positive electrode current collector 501 and a positive electrode active material a positive electrode 503 having a layer 502, and a negative electrode having a negative electrode current collector 504 and a negative electrode active material layer 505. The battery includes an electrode 506, a separator 507, an electrolyte 508, and an exterior body 509. A separator 507 is provided between a positive electrode 503 and a negative electrode 506 provided in a battery 509. The exterior body 509 is filled with an electrolyte 508. The electrolyte solution shown in Form 1 can be used.

[0161] In the laminated storage battery 500 shown in FIG. 11(A), a positive electrode current collector 501 and a negative electrode The current collector 504 also serves as a terminal for electrical contact with the outside. The current collector 501 and the negative electrode current collector 504 are arranged so as to be partially exposed to the outside from the exterior body 509. In addition, the positive electrode current collector 501 and the negative electrode current collector 504 may be disposed outside the outer casing 509. The tab electrode is not exposed to the positive electrode current collector 501 or the negative electrode current collector 502. The tab electrode may be exposed to the outside by ultrasonic bonding with 504.

[0162] In the laminated storage battery 500, the exterior body 509 is made of, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. Al is applied to a membrane made of a material such as propylene, polycarbonate, ionomer, or polyamide. A thin metal film with excellent flexibility, such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, or nickel, is applied, and the metal On the thin film, an insulating synthetic resin such as polyamide resin or polyester resin is applied as the outer surface of the exterior body. A laminate film having a three-layer structure with a film provided thereon can be used.

[0163] An example of the cross-sectional structure of the laminated storage battery 500 is shown in FIG. For simplicity, an example consisting of two current collectors is shown in Figure 1. However, in reality, it is made up of multiple electrode layers. Configure.

[0164] In FIG. 11(B), as an example, the number of electrode layers is set to 16. In FIG. 11(B), the negative electrode current collector 504 has eight layers, and the positive electrode current collector 504 has eight layers. The electrode current collector 501 has eight layers, making a total of 16 layers. The cross section of the protruding portion is shown, and eight layers of negative electrode current collector 504 are ultrasonically bonded. The number of electrode layers is not limited to 16, and may be more or less. In addition, when the number of electrode layers is small, the battery can have a larger capacity. This allows the storage battery to be thin and highly flexible.

[0165] An example of the external appearance of a laminated storage battery 500 is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. 13 shows a positive electrode 503, a negative electrode 506, a separator 507, an outer casing 509, a positive electrode tab electrode It has a positive electrode 510 and a negative electrode tab electrode 511.

[0166] 14(A) shows an external view of the positive electrode 503 and the negative electrode 506. The positive electrode 503 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 50 1, and the positive electrode active material layer 502 is formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector 501. The cathode current collector 503 has a region (called a tab region) where the cathode current collector 501 is partially exposed. The negative electrode active material layer 505 is formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector 504. The negative electrode 506 has a region where the negative electrode current collector 504 is partially exposed, i.e., a tab region. The area and shape of the tab regions of the positive electrode and negative electrode are not limited to the example shown in FIG. stomach.

[0167] <<How to make a laminated storage battery>> Here, an example of a method for manufacturing the laminated storage battery shown in FIG. 12 will be described with reference to FIG. This will be explained using B) and (C).

[0168] First, the negative electrode 506, the separator 507, and the positive electrode 503 are stacked. The figure shows five pairs of negative electrodes 506, separators 507, and positive electrodes 503. Next, the bonding of the tab regions of the positive electrode 503 and the bonding of the tabs of the positive electrode on the outermost surface are shown. The positive electrode tab electrode 510 is bonded to the region. For example, ultrasonic welding or the like may be used for bonding. Similarly, the tab regions of the negative electrodes 506 are joined together, and the negative electrode tab is attached to the tab region of the negative electrode on the outermost surface. The electrodes 511 are bonded.

[0169] Next, the negative electrode 506 , the separator 507 and the positive electrode 503 are placed on the exterior body 509 .

[0170] Next, as shown in FIG. 14(C), the exterior body 509 is folded at the portion indicated by the broken line. After that, the outer periphery of the exterior body 509 is bonded. For example, thermocompression bonding may be used for bonding. , so that the electrolyte 508 can be poured later, An area that is not bonded (hereinafter referred to as an inlet) is provided.

[0171] Next, the electrolyte 508 is introduced into the inside of the exterior body 509 through an inlet provided in the exterior body 509. The introduction of the electrolytic solution 508 is preferably carried out under a reduced pressure atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere. Finally, the inlet is joined. In this way, a laminated storage battery is formed. A storage battery 500 can be fabricated.

[0172] In this embodiment, the storage battery may be a coin type, a laminate type, or a cylindrical type. However, other types of batteries such as sealed batteries and rectangular batteries can also be used. In addition, there are also structures in which a plurality of positive electrodes, negative electrodes, and separators are stacked, and structures in which a plurality of positive electrodes, negative electrodes, and separators are stacked. The structure may be such that the motor is wound around the core.

[0173] Also, Fig. 10 shows an example of mounting a flexible laminated storage battery in an electronic device. Examples of electronic devices that use storage batteries with flexible shapes include television sets. (also called television or television receiver), monitors for computers, digital Cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones (mobile phones, mobile (also called telephone equipment), portable game machines, personal digital assistants, sound reproduction devices, pachinko machines, etc. Examples include large game consoles.

[0174] In addition, flexible storage batteries can be installed on the interior or exterior walls of houses and buildings, or on the exterior walls of automobiles. It can also be installed along curved interior or exterior surfaces.

[0175] FIG. 15A shows an example of a mobile phone. The mobile phone 7400 has a housing 7401. In addition to the display unit 7402 incorporated in the The mobile phone 7400 is equipped with a speaker 7405, a microphone 7406, and the like. It has Pond 7407.

[0176] FIG. 15B shows the mobile phone 7400 in a bent state. When the battery 7 is deformed by an external force and curved, 407 is also bent. At this time, the state of the bent storage battery 7407 is as shown in FIG. 15(C). The battery 7407 is a laminated battery.

[0177] FIG. 15(D) shows an example of a bangle-type display device. The portable display device 7100 includes: The device includes a housing 7101, a display unit 7102, operation buttons 7103, and a storage battery 7104. FIG. 15(E) shows the state of the bent storage battery 7104.

[0178] <Example of storage battery structure> An example of the structure of the storage battery will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0179] 16(A) and 16(B) are diagrams showing the external appearance of the storage battery. 900 and a storage battery 913. A label 910 is attached to the storage battery 913. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 16(B), the storage battery has a terminal 951, a terminal 952, and an antenna. It has Na915 and.

[0180] The circuit board 900 has a terminal 911 and a circuit 912. The terminal 911 is connected to a terminal 951. , terminal 952, antenna 914, antenna 915, and circuit 912. A plurality of terminals 911 are provided, and each of the plurality of terminals 911 is used as a control signal input terminal, a power supply terminal, etc. may also be used.

[0181] The circuit 912 may be provided on the back surface of the circuit board 900. The antenna 915 is not limited to a coil shape, but may be, for example, a wire shape or a plate shape. Planar antenna, aperture antenna, traveling wave antenna, EH antenna, magnetic field antenna, dielectric Alternatively, antenna 914 or antenna 915 may be used. The flat conductor may function as one of the conductors for electric field coupling. In other words, the capacitor has two conductors, one of which is an annulus. The antenna 914 or the antenna 915 may be activated. Instead, power can be exchanged using an electric field.

[0182] The line width of antenna 914 is preferably larger than the line width of antenna 915. This allows the amount of power received by the antenna 914 to be increased.

[0183] The battery has a layer 916 between the antenna 914 and the antenna 915 and the battery 913. The layer 916 has a function of preventing the influence of the storage battery 913 on the electromagnetic field, for example. The layer 916 may be made of, for example, a magnetic material.

[0184] The structure of the storage battery is not limited to that shown in FIG.

[0185] For example, as shown in FIGS. 17(A-1) and 17(A-2), In the storage battery 913 shown in (B), an antenna may be provided on each of a pair of opposing surfaces. FIG. 17(A-1) is an external view seen from one side of the pair of surfaces. 16(A) and 16(B) are external views seen from the other side of the pair of surfaces. The same parts as the storage battery shown in Fig. 16(B) are the same as those shown in Fig. 16(A) and Fig. 16(B). The description of the battery can be used as appropriate.

[0186] As shown in FIG. 17(A-1), a layer 916 is sandwiched between one of the pair of surfaces of a storage battery 913. 17(A-2), a retainer 914 is provided on the other side of the pair of surfaces of the storage battery 913. An antenna 915 is provided on the other side of a layer 917. The layer 917 is, for example, a storage battery 913. The layer 917 has a function of preventing the influence of the electromagnetic field generated by the magnetic field. You can use your body.

[0187] By adopting the above structure, the size of both the antenna 914 and the antenna 915 can be increased. It is possible.

[0188] Alternatively, as shown in Figs. 17(B-1) and 17(B-2), In the storage battery 913 shown in B), separate antennas may be provided on each of the pair of opposing surfaces. FIG. 17(B-1) is an external view seen from one side of the pair of surfaces. B-2) is an external view seen from the other side of the pair of surfaces. The same parts as those of the storage battery shown in FIG. 16(B) are shown in FIGS. 17(A) and 17(B). The description of the storage battery can be used as appropriate.

[0189] As shown in FIG. 17(B-1), a layer 916 is sandwiched between one of the pair of surfaces of the storage battery 913. 17(B-2), a storage battery 91 An antenna 918 is provided on the other of the pair of surfaces of the substrate 3, sandwiching a layer 917 therebetween. For example, the antenna 918 has a function of performing data communication with an external device. For example, antennas having shapes applicable to the antennas 914 and 915 can be applied. As a communication method between the storage battery and other devices via the antenna 918, NFC or the like can be used. It is possible to apply a response method that can be used between the storage battery and other devices, such as .

[0190] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 18(A), the storage battery 913 shown in FIG. 16(A) and FIG. 16(B) A display device 920 may be provided. The display device 920 is connected to the terminal 911 via the terminal 919. The label 910 is not provided in the area where the display device 920 is provided. 16(A) and 16(B) are the same as those in the storage battery shown in FIG. The explanation of the storage battery shown in FIG. 6(A) and FIG. 16(B) can be used as appropriate.

[0191] The display device 920 displays, for example, an image indicating whether charging is in progress or not, an image indicating the amount of stored power, etc. The display device 920 may be, for example, an electronic paper, a liquid crystal display, an electrophotographic display, or the like. For example, an electroluminescence (EL) display device can be used. By using the par, the power consumption of the display device 920 can be reduced.

[0192] 18(B), the storage battery 913 shown in FIG. 16(A) and FIG. 16(B) A sensor 921 may be provided. The sensor 921 is electrically connected to the terminal 911 via a terminal 922. The same parts as the storage battery shown in Fig. 16(A) and Fig. 16(B) are connected to The description of the storage battery shown in FIGS. 16(A) and 16(B) can be used as appropriate.

[0193] The sensor 921 may be, for example, a sensor for detecting displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, etc. , liquid, magnetic, temperature, chemical, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow It is sufficient if it has the function of measuring volume, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared. By providing the sensor 921, for example, data indicating the environment in which the storage battery is placed ( It is also possible to detect a temperature or the like and store it in a memory in the circuit 912.

[0194] Furthermore, an example of the structure of the storage battery 913 will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0195] The storage battery 913 shown in FIG. 19(A) has a terminal 951 and a terminal 952 provided inside a housing 930. The winding 950 is impregnated with an electrolyte inside the housing 930. The terminal 952 is in contact with the housing 930, and the terminal 951 is in contact with the housing by using an insulating material or the like. 19A, the housing 930 is not in contact with the housing 930. For convenience, the housing 930 is shown in a separated state. However, in reality, the winding body 950 is covered by the housing 930, and the terminals 951 and 952 are The housing 930 is made of a metal material or a resin material. It is possible.

[0196] As shown in FIG. 19(B), the housing 930 shown in FIG. 19(A) is made of a plurality of materials. For example, the storage battery 913 shown in FIG. 19B may be formed by a housing 930a and a housing 93 The area surrounded by the housing 930a and the housing 930b is where the wound body 95 0 is provided.

[0197] The housing 930a can be made of an insulating material such as organic resin. By using a material such as organic resin on the surface where the electric field is formed, the electric field shielding by the storage battery 913 can be prevented. If the shielding of the electric field by the housing 930a is small, the inside of the housing 930a can be suppressed. Antennas such as antenna 914 and antenna 915 may be provided in the housing 930b. For example, a metal material can be used.

[0198] Furthermore, the structure of the wound body 950 is shown in Fig. 20. The wound body 950 is made up of a negative electrode 931 and a positive electrode 932. The winding body 950 has a pole 932 and a separator 933. The negative electrode 931 and the positive electrode 932 are stacked one on top of the other, and the laminated sheet is wound to form a wound body. The negative electrode 931, the positive electrode 932, and the separator 933 may be further laminated. You can stack several of them.

[0199] The negative electrode 931 is connected to the terminal 911 shown in FIG. 16 via one of the terminals 951 and 952. The positive electrode 932 is connected to the terminal 91 shown in FIG. 16 via the other of the terminals 951 and 952. Connected to 1.

[0200] <Example of electronic device: Installed in a vehicle> Next, we will show an example of installing a storage battery in a vehicle. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), electric vehicles (EV), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV), etc. This will make next-generation clean energy vehicles a reality.

[0201] 16 shows an example of a vehicle using one embodiment of the present invention. 100 is an electric vehicle that uses an electric motor as a power source for running. A hybrid vehicle that can select between an electric motor and an engine as a power source for driving. By using one embodiment of the present invention, the battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged. The automobile 8100 also has a storage battery. It not only drives the electric motor, but also the headlight 8101 and room light (not shown). Any light emitting device can be powered.

[0202] In addition, the storage battery is used to power the display devices such as the speedometer and tachometer of the automobile 8100. The storage battery can also supply power to the navigation system of the automobile 8100. The present invention can provide power to semiconductor devices such as communication systems.

[0203] The automobile 8100 shown in FIG. 21(B) has a plug-in type storage battery. It can be charged by receiving power from an external charging facility using a wireless power supply system. FIG. 21(B) shows the charging of a battery from a ground-mounted charging device 8021 to a storage battery mounted on an automobile 8100. The battery is being charged via cable 8022. The charging device 8021 may be installed in a commercial facility. This may be a charging station provided or a home power source. For example, By using the in-vehicle technology, the storage battery 802 mounted on the automobile 8100 is supplied with power from an external source. 4 can be charged. Charging is performed by converting AC power into AC power via a conversion device such as an AC-DC converter. This can be done by converting the power into DC power.

[0204] Although not shown, a power receiving device is mounted on the vehicle and power is supplied contactlessly from a power transmitting device on the ground. In this case, a power transmission device is installed on the road or exterior wall. By incorporating this technology, charging can be carried out not only when the vehicle is stopped but also while the vehicle is moving. This method may be used to transmit and receive power between vehicles. A solar battery may be installed to charge the battery when the vehicle is stopped or running. The power can be supplied using an electromagnetic induction method or a magnetic field resonance method.

[0205] According to one aspect of the present invention, the cycle characteristics of the storage battery are improved, and the reliability is improved. Furthermore, according to one aspect of the present invention, the characteristics of the storage battery can be improved, and therefore, If the storage battery itself can be made smaller and lighter, the vehicle's This contributes to weight reduction, which can improve the driving range. The pond can also be used as a power source for non-vehicles. In this case, the peak demand for electricity is It is possible to avoid using a commercial power source.

[0206] This embodiment mode can be implemented in appropriate combination with other embodiment modes.

[0207] (Embodiment 3) The storage batteries described in the first and second embodiments can be used in combination as battery cells. Battery Management Unit (BMU) ), and transistors suitable for the circuits that constitute the battery control unit are shown in FIGS. This will be explained with reference to Figure 28. In this embodiment, a battery having battery cells connected in series is used. The battery control unit of the storage battery will now be described.

[0208] When multiple battery cells connected in series are repeatedly charged and discharged, the characteristics between the battery cells change. The capacity (output voltage) varies depending on the variation in the The overall discharge capacity depends on the battery cell with the smallest capacity. Also, if charging is performed based on a battery cell with a small capacity, the charging In addition, if charging is performed based on the battery cell with the larger capacity, it may result in overcharging. There is a risk that this may happen.

[0209] Therefore, the battery control unit of a storage battery having battery cells connected in series is required to detect insufficient charge or This function is to equalize the capacity variations between battery cells, which can cause overcharging. The circuit configuration to equalize the capacitance variation can be a resistor type, a capacitor type, or an inductor type. However, here we use a transistor with a small off-current to even out the capacitance variation. An example of a circuit configuration that can be achieved will be described below.

[0210] As a transistor with low off-state current, a transistor having an oxide semiconductor in a channel formation region is OS transistors with low off-state current are preferred. By using this in the circuit configuration of the battery control unit, the amount of charge leaking from the battery is reduced, and the time This can suppress the decrease in capacity over time.

[0211] The oxide semiconductor used in the channel formation region is In-M-Zn oxide (M is Ga, Sn, Y, Zr, La, Ce, or Nd) is used to form an oxide semiconductor film. In the target, if the atomic ratio of metal elements is In:M:Zn=x1:y1:z1, 、 x1 / y1 is 1 / 3 or more and 6 or less, and further 1 or more and 6 or less, and z1 / y1 is 1 It is preferable that z1 / y1 is 1 or more and 6 or less, and more preferably 1 or more and 6 or less. When the upper limit is 6 or less, a CAAC-OS film is easily formed as the oxide semiconductor film.

[0212] Here, the CAAC-OS film will be described.

[0213] The CAAC-OS film is one of oxide semiconductor films having a plurality of crystal parts aligned along the c-axis.

[0214] Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) A bright-field image and a combined analysis image of the diffraction pattern of the CAAC-OS film were obtained by using a microscope. By observing the TEM image, multiple crystalline regions can be identified. On the other hand, high-resolution TEM images also reveal clear boundaries between crystalline parts, i.e., grain boundaries. Therefore, the CAAC-OS film is It can be said that the decrease in electron mobility caused by grain boundaries is unlikely to occur.

[0215] When a high-resolution TEM image of the cross section of the CAAC-OS film was observed from a direction approximately parallel to the sample surface, It can be seen that the metal atoms are arranged in layers in the crystalline part. Each layer of metal atoms is The CAAC-OS film is formed on a surface (also called a surface to be formed) or on a surface that reflects the unevenness of the surface. The CAAC-OS film has a shape and is aligned parallel to the surface on which the film is formed or the upper surface.

[0216] On the other hand, a high-resolution TEM image of the plane of the CAAC-OS film was observed from a direction approximately perpendicular to the sample surface. It was confirmed that the metal atoms in the crystals were arranged in a triangular or hexagonal shape. However, there is no regularity in the arrangement of metal atoms between different crystal parts.

[0217] X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed on the CAAC-OS film. For example, a CAAC-OS film with InGaZnO4 crystals was found by structural analysis using the device. In the out-of-plane analysis, a peak was observed at a diffraction angle (2θ) of approximately 31°. This peak is attributed to the (009) plane of the InGaZnO4 crystal. Therefore, the crystals of the CAAC-OS film have a c-axis orientation, and the c-axis is approximately aligned on the surface on which the film is formed or on the upper surface. You can see that it is oriented vertically.

[0218] In addition, the out-of-plane method of CAAC-OS film with InGaZnO4 crystals In the analysis by , in addition to the peak at 2θ around 31°, a peak also appeared at 2θ around 36°. The peak at 2θ around 36° is due to the presence of c-axis orientation in part of the CAAC-OS film. The CAAC-OS film contains crystals that do not have a 2θ of around 31°. It is preferable that the peak is exhibited at 2θ of around 36° and that the peak is not exhibited at 2θ of around 36°.

[0219] The CAAC-OS film is an oxide semiconductor film with a low concentration of impurities. These are elements other than the main components of the oxide semiconductor film, such as silicon and transition metal elements. The elements that bond to oxygen more strongly than the metal elements that constitute the oxide semiconductor film, such as fluorine, are oxidized. By removing oxygen from the oxide semiconductor film, the atomic arrangement of the oxide semiconductor film is disrupted, reducing its crystallinity. In addition, heavy metals such as iron and nickel, argon, and carbon dioxide have an atomic radius (or molecular radius) is large, and when it is contained inside the oxide semiconductor film, The impurities contained in the oxide semiconductor film are likely to disturb the atomic arrangement and cause a decrease in crystallinity. Objects can act as carrier traps or carrier sources.

[0220] The CAAC-OS film is an oxide semiconductor film with a low density of defect states. Oxygen vacancies in the semiconductor film can become carrier traps or trap hydrogen, It can be a source of carrier generation.

[0221] Low impurity concentration and low defect level density (low oxygen vacancies) are called high purity intrinsic or The term "substantially highly purified intrinsic" refers to a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor film. Since there are fewer carrier generation sources, the carrier density can be reduced. The transistor using the oxide semiconductor film has electrical characteristics ( It is also called normally-on.) It is rare for it to become a high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity The intrinsic oxide semiconductor film has few carrier traps. Transistors using this film have little fluctuation in electrical characteristics and are highly reliable. Note that it takes time for the charges trapped in the carrier traps in the oxide semiconductor film to be released. The impurity concentration is high and the charge is stable for a long time, so the charge may behave like a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor film with a high density of defect states has unstable electrical characteristics. This may occur.

[0222] In addition, transistors using CAAC-OS films show improved electrical characteristics when irradiated with visible light or ultraviolet light. The fluctuation is small.

[0223] Note that an OS transistor is a transistor having silicon in a channel formation region (Si transistor). Since the band gap is larger than that of a conventional transistor, dielectric breakdown does not occur when a high voltage is applied. When battery cells are connected in series, a voltage of several hundred volts is generated. The circuit configuration of the battery control unit of the storage battery applied to such a battery cell includes the above-mentioned OS transistor. It is suitable to configure it with a transistor.

[0224] An example of a block diagram of a storage battery is shown in Fig. 22. The storage battery BT00 shown in Fig. 22 has a terminal pair BT01, a terminal pair BT02, a switching control circuit BT03, and a switching circuit BT04. , a switching circuit BT05, a transformer control circuit BT06, and a transformer circuit BT07 are connected in series. and a battery unit BT08 including a plurality of battery cells BT09.

[0225] In addition, in the storage battery BT00 of FIG. 22, the terminal pair BT01 and the terminal pair BT02 are switched. A control circuit BT03, a switching circuit BT04, a switching circuit BT05, and a transformer control circuit The part consisting of the circuit BT06 and the transformer circuit BT07 is called the battery control unit. This can be done.

[0226] The switching control circuit BT03 controls the operations of the switching circuits BT04 and BT05. Specifically, the switching control circuit BT03 controls the measured voltage of each battery cell BT09. Based on the voltage, the battery cells to be discharged (discharge battery cell group) and the battery cells to be charged (charge battery group) are selected. Determine the pond cell group.

[0227] Furthermore, the switching control circuit BT03 controls the determined discharge battery cell group and charge battery cell group. The control signal S1 and the control signal S2 are output based on the group. This control signal S1 connects the terminal pair BT01 and the discharge battery cell group. The control signal S2 is a signal that controls the switching circuit BT04 so as to connect the This control signal S2 is output to the switching circuit BT05. This is a signal that controls the switching circuit BT05 to connect the group.

[0228] The switching control circuit BT03 includes the switching circuits BT04, BT05, and Considering the configuration of the transformer circuit BT07, the same polarity is The control signal S1 and the control signal S2 are generated so that the positive terminals are connected to each other.

[0229] The operation of the switching control circuit BT03 will now be described in detail.

[0230] First, the switching control circuit BT03 measures the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells BT09. The switching control circuit BT03 then selects, for example, the battery cell BT09 having a voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold. High voltage battery cells (high voltage cells), battery cells BT09 with voltages below a certain threshold are classified as low voltage It is determined to be a battery cell (constant voltage cell).

[0231] There are various methods for determining whether a cell is a high-voltage cell or a low-voltage cell. For example, the switching control circuit BT03 selects the battery with the highest current among multiple battery cells BT09. The voltage of each battery cell BT0 is determined based on the voltage of the battery cell BT09 with the highest or lowest voltage. 9 may be a high-voltage cell or a low-voltage cell. In this case, the switching control circuit BT03 determines whether the voltage of each battery cell BT09 is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio of the reference voltage. By doing so, it is possible to determine whether each battery cell BT09 is a high-voltage cell or a low-voltage cell. Then, the switching control circuit BT03 switches between the discharging battery cell group and the charging battery cell group based on the result of this judgment. Determine the pond cell group.

[0232] In addition, among the multiple battery cells BT09, high voltage cells and low voltage cells are mixed in various states. For example, the switching control circuit BT03 can select the voltage between high-voltage cells and low-voltage cells. The part with the most high-voltage cells connected in series is the discharge battery cell group. The switching control circuit BT03 charges the part with the most low-voltage cells connected in series. The switching control circuit BT03 detects whether the battery cells are close to being overcharged or overdischarged. Even if the battery cell group BT09 is preferentially selected as a discharge battery cell group or a charge battery cell group, good.

[0233] An example of the operation of the switching control circuit BT03 in this embodiment will now be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining an example of the operation of the switching control circuit BT03. For convenience of explanation, FIG. 23 shows an example in which four battery cells BT09 are connected in series. Reveal.

[0234] First, in the example of FIG. 23(A), if the voltages of battery cells a to d are voltages Va to Vd, then , Va=Vb=Vc>Vd. In other words, three consecutive high voltages The high-voltage cells a to c and one low-voltage cell d are connected in series. The control circuit BT03 determines three consecutive high-voltage cells a to c as a discharge battery cell group. In addition, the switching control circuit BT03 determines the low voltage cell D as the charging battery cell group. .

[0235] Next, the example of FIG. 23(B) shows a case where the relationship Vc>Vb=Vc>>Vd holds. That is, between two consecutive low voltage cells a and b, one high voltage cell c, and one over-discharge In this case, the switching control circuit BT03 is configured as follows: The high-voltage cell c is determined as the discharge battery cell group. Since the high-voltage cell d is close to over-discharge, it is the low-voltage cell a and b that are the two consecutive low-voltage cells. The pressure cell d is determined as the charging battery cell group with priority.

[0236] Finally, the example of FIG. 23(C) shows a case where the relationship Va>Vb=Vc=Vd holds. That is, one high-voltage cell a and three consecutive low-voltage cells b to d are connected in series. In this case, the switching control circuit BT03 determines the high voltage cell a as the discharge battery cell group. The switching control circuit BT03 also determines whether to charge three consecutive low-voltage cells b to d. Determined as a battery cell group.

[0237] The switching control circuit BT03 determines the results as shown in the examples of FIGS. 23(A) to 23(C). Based on this, information indicating the discharge battery cell group to which the switching circuit BT04 is connected is set. The control signal S1 and information indicating the charging battery cell group to which the switching circuit BT05 is connected are set. The control signal S2 thus determined is sent to the switching circuit BT04 and the switching circuit BT05. Each is output.

[0238] The above is a detailed explanation of the operation of the switching control circuit BT03.

[0239] The switching circuit BT04 is responsive to the control signal S1 output from the switching control circuit BT03. The connection destination of the terminal pair BT01 is set to the discharge battery cell determined by the switching control circuit BT03. Set it to the rule group.

[0240] The terminal pair BT01 is composed of a pair of terminals A1 and A2. In this case, either one of the terminals A1 and A2 is connected to the most upstream (high voltage) of the discharge battery cell group. The other end is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell BT09 located at the top of the discharge battery cell group. By connecting it to the negative terminal of the battery cell BT09 located downstream (low potential side), The switching circuit BT04 is set to the connection destination of the pair BT01. The position of the discharged battery cell group can be recognized using the obtained information.

[0241] The switching circuit BT05 is responsive to the control signal S2 output from the switching control circuit BT03. The connection destination of the terminal pair BT02 is determined by the switching control circuit BT03. Set it to the rule group.

[0242] The terminal pair BT02 is composed of the pair of terminals B1 and B2. In this case, either one of the terminals B1 and B2 is connected to the most upstream (high voltage) of the charging battery cell group. The other end is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell BT09 located at the top of the charging battery cell group. By connecting it to the negative terminal of the battery cell BT09 located downstream (low potential side), The connection destination of the BT02 is set. The switching circuit BT05 is set by the control signal S2. The position of the charging battery cell group can be recognized using the obtained information.

[0243] 24 and 25 are circuit diagrams showing examples of the configuration of the switching circuits BT04 and BT05. Shown in 5.

[0244] In FIG. 24, the switching circuit BT04 includes a plurality of transistors BT10 and buses BT11 and BT12. The bus BT11 is connected to the terminal A1. 2 is connected to the terminal A2. One of them is alternately connected to buses BT11 and BT12. The other of the sources or drains of the plurality of transistors BT10 is connected to two adjacent It is connected between battery cells BT09.

[0245] Among the multiple transistors BT10, the transistor BT10 located at the most upstream position The other of the source and drain is connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell BT09 located at the most upstream of the battery module BT08. The transistor BT10 located at the most downstream position is connected to the terminal. The other of the source and drain of the transistor BT10 is located at the most downstream of the battery section BT08. It is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell BT09.

[0246] The switching circuit BT04 controls the control signal S1 to be applied to the gates of the plurality of transistors BT10. In response, one of the plurality of transistors BT10 connected to the bus BT11 and and one of the plurality of transistors BT10 connected to T12 are brought into a conductive state. By doing so, the discharge battery cell group and the terminal pair BT01 are connected. The positive terminal of the battery cell BT09, which is located most upstream in the group of cells, is connected to the terminal A1 or A2 of the terminal pair. 2. In addition, the battery cell located most downstream in the discharge battery cell group is connected to either The negative terminal of the BT09 terminal is the other of the terminals A1 or A2 of the terminal pair, i.e., the positive terminal The terminal that is not connected to the

[0247] It is preferable to use an OS transistor for the transistor BT10. Since the off-state current of the capacitor is small, it reduces the amount of charge leaking from battery cells that do not belong to the discharge battery cell group. This prevents the capacitance from decreasing over time. Therefore, the output voltage of the discharged battery cell group is large. Even if the transistor BT10 is not in a conductive state, the battery cell BT09 and the terminal pair It is possible to insulate the BT01.

[0248] In addition, in FIG. 24, the switching circuit BT05 includes a plurality of transistors BT13 and a current control The bus BT15 and the bus BT16 are connected to the switch BT14. 16 is disposed between the plurality of transistors BT13 and the current control switch BT14. The sources or drains of the plurality of transistors BT13 are alternately connected to each other. The buses BT15 and BT16 are connected to the plurality of transistors BT13. The other of the source and drain is connected between two adjacent battery cells BT09. are.

[0249] Among the multiple transistors BT13, the transistor BT13 located at the most upstream The other of the source and drain is connected to the positive electrode of the battery cell BT09 located at the most upstream of the battery module BT08. The transistor BT13 located at the most downstream position is connected to the terminal. The other of the source and drain of the transistor BT13 is located at the most downstream of the battery section BT08. It is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell BT09.

[0250] The transistor BT13 is an OS transistor, similar to the transistor BT10. Since the OS transistor has a small off-state current, it is preferable that the OS transistor does not belong to the rechargeable battery cell group. This reduces the amount of charge leaking from the battery cell and prevents the capacity from decreasing over time. In addition, OS transistors are less likely to experience dielectric breakdown when high voltages are applied. Transistor BT that remains non-conductive even when the voltage for charging the battery cell group is large. The battery cell BT09 to which the terminal pair BT02 is connected can be insulated from the terminal pair BT02.

[0251] The current control switch BT14 has a switch pair BT17 and a switch pair BT18. One end of the switch pair BT17 is connected to the terminal B1. The end is branched by two switches, one of which is connected to bus BT15 and the other The switch pair BT16 is connected to the bus BT16. One end of the switch pair BT18 is connected to the terminal B2. The other end of the switch pair BT18 is branched into two switches, while The switch is connected to bus BT15, and the other switch is connected to bus BT16. .

[0252] The switches included in the switch pair BT17 and the switch pair BT18 are transistors BT10 Similarly to the transistor BT13, an OS transistor is preferably used.

[0253] The switching circuit BT05 switches the transistor BT13 and the current control By controlling the combination of on / off states of the switch BT14, the charging battery cell group and terminal pair BT02.

[0254] As an example, the switching circuit BT05 connects the charging battery cell group and the terminal pair BT0 as follows: Connect 2.

[0255] The switching circuit BT05 controls the control signal S2 to be applied to the gates of the plurality of transistors BT10. In response, the positive terminal of the battery cell BT09 located most upstream in the charging battery cell group is connected. The switching circuit BT05 turns on the transistor BT13 connected to the In response to the control signal S2 applied to the gate of the transistor BT10, Transistor BT13 connected to the negative terminal of the most downstream battery cell BT09 is put into a conductive state.

[0256] The polarity of the voltage applied to terminal pair BT02 is the same as that of the discharge battery cell group connected to terminal pair BT01. The method of charging the battery cell group may vary depending on the configuration of the transformer circuit BT07. To allow current to flow in the same direction, the terminals of the same polarity must be connected between the terminal pair BT02 and the charging battery cells. Therefore, the current control switch BT14 is controlled by the control signal S2 as follows: Depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to terminal pair BT02, switch pair BT17 and switch pair BT It is controlled to switch between each of the 18 connection destinations.

[0257] As an example, a voltage is applied to the terminal pair BT02 such that terminal B1 is positive and terminal B2 is negative. At this time, the most downstream battery cell BT09 of the battery module BT08 If the battery cell group is a charging battery cell group, the switch pair BT17 switches the battery cell group by the control signal S2. The positive terminal of the switch pair BT17 is connected to the positive terminal of the switch pair BT09. The switch connected to bus BT16 is turned on, and the bus BT1 of switch pair BT17 is turned on. On the other hand, the switch pair BT18 is in the OFF state when the control signal S2 This controls the connection to the negative terminal of the battery cell BT09. The switch connected to the bus BT15 of the switch pair BT18 is turned on, and The switch connected to the bus BT16 of T18 is turned off. Between the BT02 and the charging battery cell group, terminals with the same polarity are connected. The direction of the current flowing from the BT02 slave pair is controlled so that it charges the battery cell group. will be done.

[0258] Also, the current control switch BT14 is connected to the switching circuit BT05, not the switching circuit BT In this case, the current control switch BT14 may be included in the control signal S1. By controlling the polarity of the voltage applied to the terminal pair BT01, the voltage applied to the terminal pair BT02 can be controlled. The current control switch BT14 controls the polarity of the voltage applied to the terminal pair BT02. This controls the direction of current flowing from the battery to the charging battery cell group.

[0259] FIG. 25 shows a configuration example of the switching circuit BT04 and the switching circuit BT05, which is different from that shown in FIG. FIG.

[0260] In FIG. 25, the switching circuit BT04 includes a plurality of transistor pairs BT21 and a bus BT24. and a bus BT25. The bus BT24 is connected to the terminal A1. BT25 is connected to the terminal A2. Each of them is branched by the transistor BT22 and the transistor BT23. One of the source and drain of BT22 is connected to the bus BT24. One of the source and drain of the resistor BT23 is connected to the bus BT25. The other ends of the plurality of transistor pairs are connected between two adjacent battery cells BT09. Among the multiple transistor pairs BT21, the transistor located at the most upstream The other end of the pair BT21 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell BT09 located at the most upstream of the battery section BT08. In addition, among the plurality of transistor pairs BT21, the transistor located at the most downstream The other end of the resistor pair BT21 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell BT09 located at the most downstream of the battery unit BT08. is connected to the terminal.

[0261] The switching circuit BT04 switches between the transistor BT22 and the transistor BT30 in response to the control signal S1. By switching the conductive / non-conductive state of BT23, the connection of the transistor pair BT21 is The connection destination is switched to either terminal A1 or terminal A2. If T22 is conductive, transistor BT23 is non-conductive and is connected to terminal On the other hand, if the transistor BT23 is in a conducting state, the transistor BT22 The transistors BT22 and BT23 are in a non-conducting state and are connected to the terminal A2. Which of the switches BT23 is turned on is determined by a control signal S1.

[0262] Two transistor pairs BT21 are used to connect the terminal pair BT01 to the discharge battery cell group. In detail, the connection destination of the two transistor pairs BT21 is determined based on the control signal S1. By determining the terminal pair BT01 and the terminal pair BT02, the discharge battery cell group is connected to the terminal pair BT01. One of the two transistor pairs BT21 is connected to terminal A1, and the other is connected to terminal A2 by the control signal S1.

[0263] The switching circuit BT05 includes a plurality of transistor pairs BT31, a bus BT34, and a bus BT The bus BT34 is connected to the terminal B1. The bus BT35 has One end of each of the plurality of transistor pairs BT31 is connected to the terminal B2. The output is branched by the transistor BT32 and the transistor BT33. One end of the branched signal is connected to a bus BT34. One end of the branch is connected to a bus BT35. The other end of each is connected between two adjacent battery cells BT09. The other end of the transistor pair BT31 located at the most upstream of the transistor pairs BT31 is It is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell BT09 located at the most upstream position of the battery unit BT08. Among the plurality of transistor pairs BT31, other than the transistor pair BT31 located at the most downstream The end is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell BT09 located at the most downstream of the battery unit BT08. .

[0264] The switching circuit BT05 switches between the transistor BT32 and the transistor BT33 in response to the control signal S2. By switching the conductive / non-conductive state of BT33, the connection of the transistor pair BT31 is The connection destination is switched to either terminal B1 or terminal B2. If T32 is conductive, transistor BT33 is non-conductive and is connected to terminal Conversely, if the transistor BT33 is in a conducting state, the transistor BT32 The transistors BT32 and BT33 are in a non-conducting state and are connected to the terminal B2. Which of the switches BT33 is turned on is determined by a control signal S2.

[0265] Two transistor pairs BT31 are used to connect the terminal pair BT02 to the charging battery cells. In detail, the connection destination of the two transistor pairs BT31 is determined based on the control signal S2. By determining the terminal pair BT02, the charging battery cell group is connected to the terminal pair BT02. One of the two transistor pairs BT31 is connected to terminal B1, and the other is connected to terminal B2 by the control signal S2.

[0266] The two transistor pairs BT31 are connected to the terminal pair BT02. Specifically, terminal B1 is positive and terminal B2 is negative. When such a voltage is applied to the terminal pair BT02, the upstream transistor pair BT31 , the transistor BT32 is in a conducting state and the transistor BT33 is in a non-conducting state. On the other hand, the downstream transistor pair BT31 is controlled by the control signal S2. The transistor BT33 is controlled to be in a conductive state and the transistor BT32 is controlled to be in a non-conductive state. It is controlled by the signal S2. Also, the voltage that makes the terminal B1 negative and the terminal B2 positive is When a voltage is applied to the terminal pair BT02, the upstream transistor pair BT31 The control is performed so that the transistor BT33 is in a conducting state and the transistor BT32 is in a non-conducting state. On the other hand, the downstream transistor pair BT31 is controlled by the transistor The control signal S2 is supplied to the transistor BT32 so that the transistor BT32 is in a conducting state and the transistor BT33 is in a non-conducting state. In this way, the same voltage is applied between the terminal pair BT02 and the charging battery cell group. The terminals with the same polarity are connected together. The direction of the current flowing from the terminal pair BT02 is The battery cells are controlled to charge.

[0267] The transformer control circuit BT06 controls the operation of the transformer circuit BT07. , the number of battery cells BT09 included in the discharge battery cell group and the number of battery cells BT09 included in the charge battery cell group Based on the number of cells BT09, a transformer signal S3 is generated to control the operation of the transformer circuit BT07. and outputs it to the transformer circuit BT07.

[0268] The number of battery cells BT09 included in the discharge battery cell group is equal to the number of battery cells BT09 included in the charge battery cell group. If the number of battery cells is greater than the number of BT09, an excessively large charging voltage will be applied to the charging battery cell group. Therefore, the transformer control circuit BT06 is The transformer circuit BT07 is used to lower the discharge voltage (Vdis) to a level that allows the cells to be charged. It outputs a control transformer signal S3.

[0269] In addition, the number of battery cells BT09 included in the discharge battery cell group is If the number of battery cells is less than or equal to the number of BT09, the charge required to charge the battery cell group is Therefore, the voltage transformer control circuit BT06 detects excess voltage in the charging battery cell group. The transformer circuit BT is designed to boost the discharge voltage (Vdis) within a range where an excessive charge voltage is not applied. 07.

[0270] The voltage value that constitutes the excessive charging voltage is the voltage of the battery cell BT09 used in the battery module BT08. This can be determined in consideration of product specifications, etc. Also, the voltage step-up and step-down can be performed by the transformer circuit BT07. The voltage thus obtained is applied to the terminal pair BT02 as the charging voltage (Vcha).

[0271] Here, an example of the operation of the transformer control circuit BT06 in this embodiment is shown in FIGS. 26(A) to 26(C). 26(A) to 26(C) show the discharges explained in FIGS. 23(A) to 23(C). An example of the operation of the voltage transformer control circuit BT06 corresponding to the battery cell group and the charge battery cell group will be explained. 26(A) to 26(C) are conceptual diagrams illustrating the battery control unit BT41. As described above, the battery control unit BT41 has the terminal pair BT01 and the terminal pair B T02, a switching control circuit BT03, a switching circuit BT04, and a switching circuit BT0 5, a voltage transformation control circuit BT06, and a voltage transformation circuit BT07.

[0272] In the example shown in FIG. 26(A), three consecutive high voltages are applied as explained in FIG. 23(A). Cells a to c and one low-voltage cell d are connected in series. In this case, as shown in FIG. As explained above with reference to the example of the switching control circuit BT03, the switching control circuit BT03 controls the high voltage cells a to c to the discharge voltage. The low-voltage cell d is determined as the battery cell group, and the low-voltage cell d is determined as the charging battery cell group. The control circuit BT06 is based on the number of battery cells BT09 included in the discharge battery cell group. Based on the ratio of the number of battery cells BT09 included in the charging battery cell group, the discharge voltage (Vdi Calculate the step-up / step-down ratio N of s.

[0273] The number of battery cells BT09 included in the discharge battery cell group is equal to the number of battery cells BT09 included in the charge battery cell group. If the number of battery cells is greater than the number of BT09, the discharge voltage is directly applied to the terminal pair BT02 without being transformed. When this voltage is applied, a voltage is applied to battery cell BT09 in the charging battery cell group via terminal pair BT02. There is a possibility that excessive voltage will be applied. Therefore, in the case shown in FIG. Therefore, the charging voltage (Vcha) applied to the terminal pair BT02 must be lower than the discharging voltage. Furthermore, in order to charge the battery cell group, the charging voltage must be It must be greater than the total voltage of the included battery cells BT09. Therefore, the voltage transformer control circuit B T06 is the charging voltage when the number of battery cells BT09 included in the discharge battery cell group is used as the reference. The step-up / step-down ratio N is set to be greater than the ratio of the number of battery cells BT09 included in the base cell group.

[0274] The transformer control circuit BT06 determines the number of battery cells BT09 included in the discharge battery cell group as a standard. When the voltage is increased, the step-up / step-down ratio N is set to the ratio of the number of battery cells BT09 included in the charging cell group. It is preferable to make it 1 to 10% larger. At this time, the charging voltage is higher than the voltage of the charging battery cell group. However, in reality, the charging voltage is equal to the voltage of the battery cell group. The voltage control circuit BT06 controls the voltage of the charging battery cell group to be equal to the charging voltage according to the step-up / step-down ratio N. This current is supplied to the transformer control circuit BT0. The value is set to 6.

[0275] In the example shown in FIG. 26(A), the number of battery cells BT09 included in the discharge battery cell group is 3. Since the number of battery cells included in the charging battery cell group is one, the voltage transformer control circuit BT06 calculates a value slightly larger than 1 / 3 as the step-up / step-down ratio N. The circuit BT06 converts the discharge voltage into a charging voltage by stepping down the discharge voltage according to the step-up / step-down ratio N. The transformer circuit BT07 outputs the transform signal S3 to the transformer circuit BT07. The charging voltage transformed by the transformer is applied to the terminal pair BT02. The battery cell BT09 included in the charging battery cell group is charged by the charging voltage applied.

[0276] Also, in the example shown in FIG. 26(B) and FIG. 26(B), the step-up / step-down ratio is In the examples shown in FIG. 26(B) and FIG. 26(C), the number of cells included in the discharge battery cell group is calculated. The number of battery cells BT09 included in the charging battery cell group is less than or equal to the number of battery cells BT09 included in the charging battery cell group. Therefore, the step-up / step-down ratio N is 1 or more. Therefore, in this case, the transformer control circuit BT06 is , and outputs a transformer signal S3 that boosts the discharge voltage and converts it into the receiving voltage.

[0277] The transformer circuit BT07 adjusts the discharge voltage applied to the terminal pair BT01 based on the transformer signal S3. The transformer circuit BT07 converts the converted charging voltage into a charging voltage. 2. Here, the transformer circuit BT07 connects the terminal pair BT01 and the terminal pair BT02. This allows the transformer circuit BT07 to be electrically isolated from the lowest discharged battery cell group. The absolute voltage of the negative terminal of the battery cell BT09 located downstream and the most downstream of the charging battery cells This prevents a short circuit due to a difference in absolute voltage between the negative terminal of the battery cell BT09 located at the Then, as described above, the transformer circuit BT07 converts the sum of the discharged battery cell groups into the sum of the discharged battery cells based on the transformer signal S3. The discharge voltage, which is the measured voltage, is converted into the charge voltage.

[0278] The transformer circuit BT07 is, for example, an isolated DC (Direct Current)-DC In this case, the transformer control circuit BT06 is an isolated DC- The signal that controls the on / off ratio (duty ratio) of the DC converter is the transformer signal S3. By outputting this voltage, the charging voltage converted by the transformer circuit BT07 is controlled.

[0279] In addition, there are various types of isolated DC-DC converters, including flyback, forward, and RCC ( Ring Choke Converter type, push-pull type, half-block type There are various types of inverters, such as full-bridge and ridge types, depending on the magnitude of the desired output voltage. The appropriate method is selected based on the results.

[0280] The configuration of the transformer circuit BT07 using an isolated DC-DC converter is shown in Figure 27. The C-DC converter BT51 has a switch unit BT52 and a transformer unit BT53. The switch BT52 is a switch that switches the operation of the isolated DC-DC converter on and off. For example, MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor tor Field-Effect Transistor) and bipolar transistor The switch unit BT52 is realized by using a transformer or the like. Based on the transformer signal S3 that controls the on / off ratio, the isolated DC-DC converter The switch BT51 is periodically switched between the on and off states. Various configurations are possible depending on the type of isolated DC-DC converter used. BT53 converts the discharge voltage applied from the terminal pair BT01 into a charge voltage. The transformer section BT53 operates in conjunction with the on / off state of the switch section BT52. The discharge voltage is converted into a charge voltage according to the on / off ratio. This charge voltage is In the switching period of 2, the longer the ON time, the larger the capacitance becomes. The voltage is increased as the ON time of the switch unit BT52 is shorter in the switching period. When using an isolated DC-DC converter, the transformer part BT53 Internally, terminal pair BT01 and terminal pair BT02 can be isolated from each other.

[0281] The processing flow of storage battery BT00 in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 28. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by storage battery BT00.

[0282] First, the storage battery BT00 acquires the voltage measured for each of the plurality of battery cells BT09 (step The storage battery BT00 operates to equalize the voltages of multiple battery cells BT09. It is determined whether or not the start condition of the operation is satisfied (step S002). The difference between the maximum and minimum voltages measured for each of the plurality of battery cells BT09 is a predetermined threshold value. If this start condition is not met (step S002 :NO), the voltages of the battery cells BT09 are balanced, so the battery B T00 does not execute the subsequent processing. On the other hand, if the start condition is met (step S002 If the answer is YES, the storage battery BT00 executes a process to make the voltages of the battery cells BT09 uniform. In the process, the storage battery BT00 calculates the voltage of each battery cell B based on the measured voltage of each cell. It is determined whether T09 is a high-voltage cell or a low-voltage cell (step S003). T00 determines the discharge battery cell group and the charge battery cell group based on the determination result (step Furthermore, the storage battery BT00 connects the determined discharge battery cell group to the terminal pair BT01. The control signal S1 sets the connection destination of the battery cell group, and the connection destination of the determined battery cell group is set to the terminal pair BT02. The storage battery BT00 generates a control signal S2 that sets the storage battery BT00 as the connection destination (step S005). The control signals S1 and S2 are transmitted to the switching circuits BT04 and BT0 5. Then, the switching circuit BT04 switches the terminal pair BT01 and the discharge voltage The terminal pair BT02 and the discharge battery cell group are connected by the switching circuit BT05. The storage battery BT00 is connected to the discharge battery cell group (step S006). The number of battery cells BT09 included in the charging battery cell group is Then, the storage battery BT00 generates a transformed signal S3 based on the calculated voltage (step S007). Based on the transformer signal S3, the discharge voltage applied to the terminal pair BT01 is converted into a charge voltage, and The voltage is applied to the battery pair BT02 (step S008). The battery cells are then moved to the battery cell group.

[0283] In addition, in the flowchart of FIG. 28, multiple steps are listed in order, but each step The order in which the steps are executed is not limited to the order in which they are listed.

[0284] As described above, according to this embodiment, when transferring charges from the discharge battery cell group to the charge battery cell group, Like the capacitor method, the charge from the discharged battery cells is first stored and then transferred to the charged battery cells. This eliminates the need for a configuration that emits electrons into groups. This increases the charge transfer efficiency per unit time. In addition, the switching circuits BT04 and BT05 can improve the This allows the discharging battery cell group and the charging battery cell group to be switched individually.

[0285] Furthermore, the number of battery cells BT09 included in the discharge battery cell group is determined by the transformer circuit BT07. The number of battery cells BT09 included in the charging battery cell group is determined based on the number of terminals BT01 and BT02. The applied discharge voltage is converted into a charge voltage and applied to the terminal pair BT02. Regardless of the selection of the battery cell BT09 on the supply and charging sides, the charge transfer can be performed without any problems. It can be realized.

[0286] Furthermore, by using OS transistors for the transistors BT10 and BT13, As a result, leakage occurs from the battery cell BT09 that does not belong to the charging battery cell group or the discharging battery cell group. This reduces the charge amount of the battery cell BT09 that does not contribute to charging and discharging. In addition, OS transistors have the advantage over Si transistors in that they can suppress the decrease in capacitance. This causes the temperature of the battery cell BT09 to rise, However, normal operation, such as switching between conductive and non-conductive states according to the control signals S1 and S2, is also possible. This can be done.

[0287] Note that this embodiment mode can be implemented in appropriate combination with other embodiment modes.

[0288] (Fourth embodiment) <Other examples of storage battery structures>

[0289] FIG. 29 shows a storage battery 2100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The storage battery is The positive electrode lead 2121 and the negative electrode lead 2125 are sealed. 2111, a negative electrode 2115, and a separator 2103. Although each electrode is shown as a single layer, at least some electrodes have two or more current collectors. are in contact with each other on the surfaces where no active material is formed.

[0290] Here, a part of the method for manufacturing the storage battery 2100 shown in FIG. 29 will be described with reference to FIG. .

[0291] First, the negative electrode 2115 is placed on the separator 2103 (FIG. 30(A)). The negative electrode 2115 is disposed so that the negative electrode active material layer of the electrode 2115 overlaps with the separator 2103 .

[0292] Next, the separator 2103 is folded and placed on top of the negative electrode 2113. Next, the positive electrode 2111 is placed on the separator 2103 (FIG. 30(B)). The positive electrode active material layer 2102 of the positive electrode 2111 is formed by the separator 2103 and the negative electrode active material The current collector is disposed so as to overlap with the layer 2106. An active material layer is formed on one side of the current collector. When an electrode is used, the positive electrode active material layer 102 of the positive electrode 2111 and the negative electrode active material layer 103 of the negative electrode 2115 are The layers 2106 are arranged so as to face each other with the separator 2103 interposed therebetween.

[0293] If the separator 2103 is made of a material that can be heat-sealed, such as polypropylene, The overlapping area of ​​the electrodes 2103 is thermally welded together, and then the next electrode is placed on top of it. This can prevent the electrodes from shifting during the process. 30(B) and the separators 2103 are not overlapped with each other, for example, It is preferable to heat-seal the area indicated by area 2103a.

[0294] By repeating this process, the separator 2103 is sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes as shown in FIG. 30(C). The electrode 2111 and the negative electrode 2115 can be stacked.

[0295] The separator 2103 is repeatedly folded in advance, and a plurality of negative electrodes 2115 and A plurality of positive electrodes 2111 may be arranged so as to be sandwiched alternately.

[0296] Next, as shown in FIG. 30(C), a plurality of positive electrodes 2111 and a plurality of positive electrodes 2112 are separated by a separator 2103. The negative electrode 2115 is covered.

[0297] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 30(D), in the area where the separators 2103 overlap each other, for example, For example, by thermally welding the region 2103b shown in FIG. 30(D), a plurality of positive electrodes 2111 and a plurality of The negative electrode 2115 is covered with a separator 2103 and bound together.

[0298] The plurality of positive electrodes 2111, the plurality of negative electrodes 2115, and the separator 2103 are bound together with a binding material. It may also be used to bind.

[0299] In this process, the positive electrode 2111 and the negative electrode 2115 are stacked, and the separator 210 3 is sandwiched between a plurality of positive electrodes 2111 and a plurality of negative electrodes 2115 in one separator 2103. The electrode 2111 is disposed so as to cover the area surrounded by the cathode 2111 and the anode 2115. It has an area where

[0300] In other words, the separator 2103 of the storage battery 2100 of FIG. 29 is partially folded. The separator 2103 is a single separator. The folded area of ​​the separator 2103 contains multiple positive electrodes. 2111 and a plurality of negative electrodes 2115 are sandwiched between them.

[0301] The adhesive area of ​​the exterior body 2107 of the storage battery 2100, the positive electrode 2111, the negative electrode 2115, the The shape of the separator 2103 and the outer casing 2107, the positive electrode lead 2121 and the negative electrode lead 2 The configuration other than the position and shape of 125 can be referred to the description of the first embodiment. The method for producing the storage battery 2100d other than the step of stacking the electrode 2111 and the negative electrode 2115 is as follows: The manufacturing method described in Embodiment 1 can be referred to.

[0302] Fig. 31 shows a storage battery 100e that is different from that shown in Fig. 29. Fig. 31(A) is a perspective view of a storage battery 2200. 31(B) is a top view of the storage battery 2200. FIG. 31(C1) shows the first electrode assembly. 2130, and FIG. 31(C2) is a cross-sectional view of the second electrode assembly 2131. FIG. 31(D) 31(B) is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed line H1-H2 in FIG. For clarity, the first electrode assembly 2130, the electrode assembly 2131 and the separator 2132 are shown. In order to avoid the complexity of the diagram, each electrode is shown as a single layer. Some electrodes have two or more current collectors, and the current collectors have surfaces on which no active material is formed. We interact with them in this way.

[0303] The storage battery 2200 shown in FIG. 31 has a positive electrode 2111 and a negative electrode 2115 arranged therein, and a separator The arrangement of the battery 2103 is different from that of the storage battery 2100 in FIG.

[0304] As shown in FIG. 31(D), the storage battery 2200 includes a plurality of first electrode assemblies 2130 and It has a plurality of electrode assemblies 2131.

[0305] As shown in FIG. 31(C1), in the first electrode assembly 2130, both ends of the positive electrode current collector 2101 A positive electrode 2111a having a positive electrode active material layer 2102 on its surface, a separator 2103, a negative electrode current collector 2 A negative electrode 2115a having a negative electrode active material layer 2106 on both sides of 105, a separator 2103, a positive electrode A positive electrode 2111a having a positive electrode active material layer 2102 is laminated on both sides of a positive electrode current collector 2101 in this order. As shown in FIG. 31(C2), in the second electrode assembly 2131, the negative electrode collector A negative electrode 2115a having a negative electrode active material layer 2106 on both sides of a current collector 2105, a separator 210 3. A positive electrode 2111a having a positive electrode active material layer 2102 on both sides of a positive electrode current collector 2101, a separator a negative electrode 2115 having a negative electrode active material layer 2106 on both sides of a negative electrode current collector 2105; a are stacked in this order.

[0306] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 31(D), a plurality of first electrode assemblies 2130 and a plurality of second The electrode assembly 2131 is covered by a wound separator 2103 .

[0307] Here, a part of the method for manufacturing the storage battery 2200 shown in FIG. 31 will be described with reference to FIG. 32. .

[0308] First, the first electrode assembly 2130 is placed on the separator 2103 (FIG. 32(A)).

[0309] Next, the separator 2103 is folded and placed on the first electrode assembly 2130. Next, the first electrode assembly 2130 is stacked on top and bottom with separators 2103 between them. Then, two sets of second electrode assemblies 2131 are stacked (FIG. 32(B)).

[0310] Next, the separator 2103 is wound around the two sets of second electrode assemblies 2131. Furthermore, two sets of second electrode assemblies 2131 are provided above and below the two sets of second electrode assemblies 2131 via separators 2103. The first electrode assembly 2130 of the set is stacked (FIG. 32(C)).

[0311] Next, the separator 2103 is wound around the two first electrode assemblies 2130. (Figure 32(D)).

[0312] In this process, a plurality of first electrode assemblies 2130 and a plurality of electrode assemblies 2131 are stacked. These electrode assemblies are stacked in a spirally wound separator 2103. It will be placed.

[0313] The positive electrode 2111a of the electrode assembly 2130 arranged on the outermost side has a positive electrode active material on the outside. Preferably, the polymer layer 2102 is not provided.

[0314] In addition, in Figures 32(C1) and (C2), the electrode assembly has three electrodes and two separators. However, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. By increasing the number of electrodes, the capacity of the storage battery 2200 can be further improved. Alternatively, the electrode may have two electrodes and one separator. If the difference is small, the storage battery 2200 can be made more resistant to bending. In other words, the storage battery 2200 has three sets of first electrode assemblies 2130 and two sets of second electrode assemblies 2131. However, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to this. By increasing the number of electrode assemblies, the capacity of the storage battery 2200 can be further improved. Alternatively, a configuration having fewer electrode assemblies may be used. If the bending resistance is small, the storage battery 2200 can be made more resistant to bending.

[0315] The arrangement of the positive electrode 2111 and the negative electrode 2115 of the storage battery 2200 and the arrangement of the separator 2103 For other details, please refer to the description of Figure 29.

[0316] This embodiment mode can be implemented in appropriate combination with other embodiment modes. [Explanation of symbols]

[0317] 100a laminate 100b Laminate 100c laminate 100d laminate 101 Negative electrode current collector 102 Negative electrode active material layer 103 Separator 104 Cathode active material layer 105 Positive electrode current collector 107 Electrolyte 110 Lithium-ion battery 115 Lead Electrode 116 Exterior body 117 Internal structure 118 void 300 storage battery 301 Positive electrode can 302 Anode can 303 Gasket 304 Positive electrode 305 Positive electrode current collector 306 Positive electrode active material layer 307 Negative electrode 308 Negative electrode current collector 309 Negative electrode active material layer 310 Separator 400 storage battery 402 Positive electrode 404 Negative electrode 500 battery 501 Positive electrode current collector 502 Positive electrode active material layer 503 Positive electrode 504 Negative electrode current collector 505 Negative electrode active material layer 506 negative electrode 507 Separator 508 Electrolyte 509 Exterior body 510 Positive tab electrode 511 Negative tab electrode 515 Tab electrode 516 Tab electrode 600 storage battery 601 Positive electrode cap 602 Battery can 603 Positive terminal 604 Positive electrode 605 Separator 606 negative electrode 607 Negative terminal 608 Insulating plate 609 Insulating board 610 Gasket 611 PTC element 612 Safety valve mechanism 900 Circuit Board 910 Label 911 terminal 912 circuits 913 Storage battery 914 Antenna 915 Antenna 916 layers 917 layers 918 Antenna 919 terminal 920 Display device 921 Sensor 922 terminal 930 chassis 930a housing 930b housing 931 negative electrode 932 Positive electrode 933 Separator 951 terminal 952 terminals 1101 Center of curvature 1102 End of the internal structure closer to the center of curvature 1103 End of internal structure far from center of curvature 1104 End of inner structure near the center of curvature 1105 End of inner structure far from center of curvature 1106 Point on the side closest to the center of curvature of the internal structure 1700 curved surface 1701 Plane 1702 Curve 1703 Radius of curvature 1704 Center of curvature 1800 Center of curvature 1801 Film 1802 radius of curvature 1803 Film 1804 radius of curvature 1805 Electrodes, electrolytes, etc. 2100 storage battery 2101 Positive electrode current collector 2102 Cathode active material layer 2103 Separator 2103a area 2103b area 2105 Negative electrode current collector 2106 Negative electrode active material layer 2107 Exterior body 2111 Positive electrode 2111a positive electrode 2115 Negative electrode 2115a negative electrode 2121 Positive lead 2125 Negative lead 2130 First electrode assembly 2131 Second electrode assembly 2200 storage battery 7100 Portable display devices 7101 Housing 7102 Display section 7103 Operation button 7104 Storage battery 7400 mobile phone 7401 Housing 7402 Display section 7403 Operation button 7404 External connection port 7405 Speaker 7406 Microphone 7407 Storage battery 8021 Charging device 8022 cable 8024 storage battery 8100 Automobiles 8101 Headlight S1 control signal S2 control signal S3 transformer signal BT00 storage battery BT01 terminal pair BT02 terminal pair BT03 Switching control circuit BT04 switching circuit BT05 switching circuit BT06 Transformer control circuit BT07 transformer circuit BT08 battery part BT09 Battery Cell BT10 transistor BT11 Bus BT12 Bus BT13 transistor BT14 Current Control Switch BT15 Bus BT16 Bus BT17 Switch vs. BT18 Switch vs. BT21 Transistor Pair BT22 transistor BT23 transistor BT24 Bus BT25 Bus BT31 Transistor Pair BT32 transistor BT33 transistor BT34 Bus BT35 Bus BT41 Battery Control Unit BT51 Isolated DC-DC Converter BT52 switch part BT53 transformer S001 Step S002 Step S003 Step S004 Step S005 Step S006 Step S007 Step S008 Step

Claims

1. A power supply comprising a first battery cell, a second battery cell, a switching control circuit, a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit, a transformer circuit, and a transformer control circuit; the first battery cell and the second battery cell are connected in series; the first battery cell and the second battery cell are each connected to the switching control circuit; the first battery cell and the second battery cell are each connected to the first switching circuit; the first battery cell and the second battery cell are each connected to the second switching circuit; the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit are connected via the transformer circuit, the switching control circuit is connected to the transformer circuit via the transformer control circuit; the switching control circuit has a function of determining whether the voltage of the first battery cell and the voltage of the second battery cell are equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold or less than the predetermined threshold, and when the battery cell whose voltage is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold is determined to be a third battery cell and the battery cell whose voltage is less than the predetermined threshold is determined to be a fourth battery cell, outputting a first control signal to the first switching circuit for connecting the third battery cell to the first switching circuit and outputting a second control signal to the second switching circuit for connecting the fourth battery cell to the second switching circuit; the transformation control circuit has a function of charging the fourth battery cell from the third battery cell via the first switching circuit, the transformation circuit, and the second switching circuit; the first battery cell and the second battery cell each include a first stack and a second stack; the first laminate includes a first current collector and a first electrode active material provided on one surface of the first current collector, the second laminate includes a second current collector and a second electrode active material provided on one surface of the second current collector, the first stack and the second stack can slide relative to each other; The battery control unit, wherein the first switching circuit has a transistor including an oxide semiconductor.

2. A power supply comprising a plurality of battery cells, a switching control circuit, a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit, a transformer circuit, and a transformer control circuit; the plurality of battery cells are connected in series, the plurality of battery cells are each connected to the switching control circuit; the plurality of battery cells are each connected to the first switching circuit; the plurality of battery cells are each connected to the second switching circuit; the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit are connected via the transformer circuit, the switching control circuit is connected to the transformer circuit via the transformer control circuit; the switching control circuit has a function of determining whether a voltage of a first battery cell and a voltage of a second battery cell among the plurality of battery cells are equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold or less than the predetermined threshold, and when the battery cell whose voltage is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold is determined as a third battery cell and the battery cell whose voltage is less than the predetermined threshold is determined as a fourth battery cell, outputting a first control signal to the first switching circuit for connecting the third battery cell to the first switching circuit and outputting a second control signal to the second switching circuit for connecting the fourth battery cell to the second switching circuit; the transformation control circuit has a function of charging the fourth battery cell from the third battery cell via the first switching circuit, the transformation circuit, and the second switching circuit; each of the plurality of battery cells includes a first stack and a second stack; the first laminate includes a first current collector and a first electrode active material provided on one surface of the first current collector, the second laminate includes a second current collector and a second electrode active material provided on one surface of the second current collector, the first stack and the second stack can slide relative to each other; The battery control unit, wherein the first switching circuit has a transistor including an oxide semiconductor.

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