Processing device, base station, method and program

Abstract

To provide a processing device that achieves low latency in communication.SOLUTION: A processing device according to an embodiment is equipped with a processing unit that is placed at an interface between a first layer and a second layer included in a base station. The first layer transmits a physical layer signal to the second layer. The processing unit is equipped with a memory that stores allocation information representing communication resources with which the terminal can transmit a first control signal. The processing unit generates a second control signal based on the allocation information, generates a composite signal by adding the second control signal to the physical layer signal input from the first layer based on the allocation information, and transmits the composite signal to the second layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention relates to a processing device, a base station, a method, and a program. [Background technology]

[0002] The wireless communication system includes a base station that communicates wirelessly with a terminal. The base station is connected to an upper network. When the terminal detects the occurrence of data to be transmitted to the base station, the terminal transmits a scheduling request to the base station. When the base station receives the scheduling request, it allocates communication resources to the terminal and transmits allocation information to the terminal. When the terminal receives the allocation information, it transmits data to the base station using the communication resources indicated by the allocation information. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-143525 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-133663 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2017 / 170118 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Since the terminal detects the generation of data and transmits the data to the base station, a scheduling request and allocation information are transmitted and received between the terminal and the base station, and therefore uplink communication from the terminal to the base station includes a delay time.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a processing device that reduces communication delays. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A processing device according to an embodiment includes a processing unit disposed in an interface between a first layer and a second layer included in a base station. The first layer transmits a physical layer signal to the second layer. The processing unit includes a memory that stores allocation information indicating communication resources over which a terminal can transmit a first control signal. The processing unit generates a second control signal based on the allocation information, adds the second control signal to a physical layer signal input from the first layer based on the allocation information to generate a combined signal, and transmits the combined signal to the second layer. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of a protocol stack of a base station according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of a protocol stack and an interface of a base station according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5] 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining examples of processing units of an RF layer, a low PHY layer, and a high PHY layer related to uplink communication according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of an uplink frame configuration according to the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of one uplink frame according to the first embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of one uplink subframe according to the first embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of a resource block according to the first embodiment. [Figure 10] 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining an example of communication between a base station and a terminal according to the first embodiment in comparison with a reference example. [Figure 11]FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the second embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the third embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the fourth embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the fifth embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the sixth embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 20 is a block diagram for explaining a first modified example of a base station according to the sixth embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 20 is a block diagram for explaining a second modified example of the base station according to the sixth embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 20 is a block diagram for explaining a third modified example of the base station according to the sixth embodiment. [Figure 19] FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the seventh embodiment. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station according to the eighth embodiment. [Figure 21] FIG. 20 is a block diagram for explaining a first example of the arrangement of signal processing units in a base station according to the eighth embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 23 is a block diagram for explaining a second example of the arrangement of signal processing units in the base station according to the eighth embodiment. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a block diagram for explaining a third example of the arrangement of signal processing units in the base station according to the eighth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. The following description exemplifies devices and methods for embodying the technical concepts of the embodiments. The technical concepts of the embodiments are not limited to the structures, shapes, arrangements, materials, etc. of the components described below. Modifications that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art are naturally included within the scope of the disclosure. For clarity of explanation, the drawings may schematically depict elements with different sizes, thicknesses, planar dimensions, shapes, etc., compared to the actual embodiment. Elements with different dimensional relationships or ratios may be included in multiple drawings. Corresponding elements may be designated by the same reference numerals in multiple drawings, and redundant description may be omitted. Some elements may be designated by multiple names, but these designations are merely examples and do not necessarily mean that these elements may be designated by other names. Furthermore, elements that do not have multiple names may also be designated by other names. In the following description, "connection" may include not only direct connection but also connection via other elements.

[0009] (First embodiment) FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to the first embodiment. The wireless communication system includes a Radio Access Network (RAN) 10, a core network 12, and a server 16. The RAN 10 includes an antenna and multiple base stations 20. The base stations 20 are equipped with wireless communication functions. The base stations 20 are connected to terminals 24 equipped with wireless communication functions via wireless lines. Multiple terminals 24 can connect to the base stations 20. The core network 12 is a back-end network that performs various controls such as routing. The server 16 may exist on a cloud or may be configured as a physical server.

[0010] The base station 20 has a wired communication function and is connected to the core network 12 via a signal line. The base station 20 has a wired communication function and is connected to the master station via a signal line. The core network 12 is made up of an exchange, a subscriber information management device, etc.

[0011] The terminal 24 can cooperate with the server 16 to execute applications.

[0012] In one application, the terminal 24 generates uplink data and transmits the uplink data to the base station 20. The base station 20 transmits the uplink data to the server 16 via the core network 12. The server 16 generates downlink data based on the uplink data and transmits the downlink data to the base station 20 via the core network 12. The base station 20 transmits the downlink data to the terminal 24. In this application, an example of the terminal 24 is a controlled device in industrial robotics. An example of the uplink data is sensor information output by a sensor provided in the controlled device. An example of the downlink data is a drive signal that drives the operation of the controlled device. The server 16 generates the drive signal based on the sensor information.

[0013] In another application, the server 16 generates downlink data and transmits the downlink data to the base station 20 via the core network 12. The base station 20 transmits the downlink data to the terminal 24. The terminal 24 generates uplink data based on the downlink data and transmits the uplink data to the base station 20. The base station 20 transmits the uplink data to the server 16 via the core network 12. In this application, an example of the terminal 24 is an IoT device equipped with a sensor. An example of the downlink data is a signal requesting sensor information from the IoT device. An example of the uplink data is the sensor information. The terminal 24 acquires the sensor information from the sensor in response to the signal requesting the sensor information and transmits the sensor information to the server 16.

[0014] The RAN 10 and the core network 12 constitute a prescribed network such as a fourth-generation mobile communication system (4G system or LTE-Advanced system) or a fifth-generation mobile communication system (5G system) standardized by 3GPP (registered trademark) (Third Generation Partnership Project), which are examples of mobile communication systems, or a sixth-generation mobile communication system (6G system) standardized by 3GPP. In such a network, the base station 20 basically allocates communication resources for both downlink communication from the base station 20 to a terminal 24 and uplink communication from the terminal 24 to the base station 20. The embodiment relates to allocation of communication resources for uplink communication. The communication resources are a combination of frequency, time, space (spatial stream), power, code, orbital angular momentum, etc.

[0015] When the terminal 24 detects the generation of uplink data, it transmits a control signal for controlling communication to the base station 20. An example of the control signal is a scheduling request. The scheduling request is a signal by which the terminal 24 requests the base station 20 to allocate communication resources. Scheduling refers to the allocation of communication resources. An example of the scheduling request is the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), an uplink control channel defined in 3GPP.

[0016] Upon receiving the scheduling request, the base station 20 allocates to the terminal 24 communication resources that allow the terminal 24 to transmit uplink data, and transmits allocation information to the terminal 24. Upon receiving the allocation information, the terminal 24 performs uplink communication using the allocated communication resources. An example of uplink data is the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), an uplink data communication channel defined in 3GPP.

[0017] The communication resources available for transmitting uplink data are different from the communication resources available for transmitting a scheduling request. When the base station 20 (its RRC layer) detects a connection with the terminal 24, the base station 20 transmits, to the terminal 24, allocation information (SchedulingRequst_congig) indicating the communication resources available for transmitting the scheduling request. The terminal 24 transmits the scheduling request using the communication resources indicated in the allocation information. In this specification, the allocation information indicating the communication resources available for transmitting the scheduling request is also referred to as first allocation information, and the allocation information indicating the communication resources available for transmitting the uplink data is also referred to as second allocation information.

[0018] The allocation information indicates information such as that transmission will be performed once every 10 milliseconds starting from a certain time, that the frequency used for transmission is F0, and what the code sequence is.

[0019] In order to transmit uplink data in this way, multiple procedures must be performed beforehand. These multiple procedures are a factor in increasing delays in uplink communications. The delay time from the transmission of a scheduling request to the reception of allocation information accounts for the majority of communication delay time. Another factor in delays is the limited timing at which the terminal 24 can transmit a scheduling request. In other words, the waiting time from the generation of uplink data until the transmission of a scheduling request also contributes to increased delays in uplink communications.

[0020] The embodiment reduces the latency between the generation of uplink data and the transmission of a scheduling request, thereby reducing the delay in uplink communication. The embodiment reduces the delay by changing the base station 20 without changing the terminal 24.

[0021] 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to the first embodiment. The base station 20 includes a number of logically divided functional units (referred to as layers). A signal processing unit 36 ​​is disposed at an interface between a first layer 32 and a second layer 34 among the multiple layers. The signal processing unit 36 ​​is connected to the first layer 32 and the second layer 34. The connection may be wired, wireless, or logical.

[0022] The embodiment relates to reducing delay in uplink communication. A base station 20 according to the embodiment generates a scheduling request on behalf of a terminal 24 and adds the scheduling request to an uplink signal. An uplink signal output from a first layer 32 is input to a second layer 34 via a signal processing unit 36. The signal processing unit 36 ​​performs signal processing on the uplink signal and transmits the processed uplink signal to the second layer 34. The signal processing unit 36 ​​does not perform any signal processing on a downlink signal, and transmits the downlink signal as is to the first layer 32. The downlink signal is a general term for downlink data and allocation information.

[0023] The signal processing unit 36 ​​includes an input unit 40, an allocation information management unit 42, a control signal generation unit 44, a synthesis unit 46, and a memory 48.

[0024] Because the signal processing unit 36 ​​is not notified by the base station of the first allocation information indicating the communication resources on which the terminal 24 can transmit a scheduling request or cannot directly obtain the first allocation information from the base station, the operator of the base station 20 uses the input unit 40 to input the first allocation information indicating the communication resources on which the terminal 24 can transmit a scheduling request. The allocation information management unit 42 writes the first allocation information to the memory 48. The allocation information management unit 42 reads the first allocation information from the memory 48 and transmits the first allocation information to the control signal generation unit 44 and the combining unit 46. The control signal generation unit 44 generates a scheduling request for controlling communication based on the first allocation information. The scheduling request generated by the control signal generation unit 44 is a signal equivalent to the scheduling request transmitted by the terminal 24. In this specification, the scheduling request transmitted by the terminal 24 is also referred to as a first scheduling request (or a first control signal), and the scheduling request generated by the control signal generation unit 44 is also referred to as a second scheduling request (or a second control signal).

[0025] The control signal generation unit 44 transmits the second scheduling request to the combining unit 46 based on the first allocation information. The combining unit 46 adds the second scheduling request to the uplink signal transmitted from the first layer 32 to the second layer 34 based on the first allocation information to generate a combined signal. The combined signal output from the combining unit 46 is transmitted to the second layer 34 as an uplink signal from the first layer 32. The signal processing unit 36 ​​transmits the uplink signal to which the scheduling request has been added to the second layer 34. The signal processing unit 36 ​​does not perform any processing on the downlink signal from the second layer 34. The signal processing unit 36 ​​transmits the downlink signal from the second layer 34 to the first layer 32 as is.

[0026] 2 shows an example in which the signal processing unit 36 ​​is configured by multiple processing units (allocation information management unit 42, control signal generation unit 44, and synthesis unit 46) that each realize a plurality of functions. However, the signal processing unit 36 ​​may be configured by a single processing unit that realizes a plurality of functions. The single processing unit or each of the multiple processing units may be configured by hardware such as an FPGA. The single processing unit or each of the multiple processing units may be configured by a CPU. The CPU can realize the functions of the signal processing unit 36 ​​by executing a program. The program executed by the CPU is stored in non-volatile memory.

[0027] An example of a connection point of the signal processing unit 36 ​​in the base station 20, that is, an interface between the first layer 32 and the second layer 34, will be described.

[0028] 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a protocol stack of the base station 20 according to the first embodiment. According to the 3GPP definition, a base station includes a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, a Media Access Control (MAC) layer, a Physical (PHY) layer, and a Radio Frequency (RF) layer. The RF layer is connected to an antenna. The PHY layer is also referred to as a physical layer. The RRC layer is connected to the core network 12. Each of the RLC layer, MAC layer, and PHY layer may be further divided into an upper layer and a lower layer. Each layer includes at least one processing unit.

[0029] 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a protocol stack and an interface of a base station according to the first embodiment. The RLC layer is divided into a High RLC layer and a Low RLC layer. The MAC layer is divided into a High MAC layer and a Low MAC layer. The PHY layer is divided into a High PHY layer and a Low PHY layer. The Low PHY layer is connected to the RF layer.

[0030] It is possible to build a standard interface between each layer. In 3GPP, the interfaces between each layer are specified as Option 1 to Option 8. The interface between the RRC layer and PDCP layer is Option 1. Similarly, the interface between the High PHY layer and Low PHY layer is Option 7. The interface between the Low PHY layer and RF layer is Option 8.

[0031] The Open RAN Alliance (O-RAN), an industry group that develops RAN specifications, is proposing a configuration called O-RAN split option 7-2x, which subdivides Option 7 defined by 3GPP into Option 7-1 and Option 7-2.

[0032] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing unit related to the uplink of the RF layer, the low PHY layer, and the high PHY layer according to the first embodiment when O-RAN split option 7-2x proposed by O-RAN is adopted.

[0033] The RF layer comprises an analog beamforming (analog BF) unit and an A / D conversion unit. The analog BF unit controls the directivity of the RF signal (radio frequency signal) received by the antenna (array antenna). The A / D conversion unit converts the RF signal into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the Low PHY layer. The digital signal received by the Low PHY layer is called the physical layer signal.

[0034] The Low PHY layer includes a Fourier transform (FFT) / continuous pilot (CP) removal unit and a resource element demapping (RE demapping) unit. The Low PHY layer performs FFT processing on the digital signal (time-domain OFDM signal) output from the RF layer to remove the pilot signal (continuous pilot signal) from the OFDM signal, and then performs RE demapping to generate an I / Q sample sequence of the frequency-domain OFDM signal.

[0035] OFDM is a digital modulation method that refers to a multi-carrier modulation method in which the transmission signal is modulated using orthogonal subcarriers and information bits are transmitted in parallel using multiple carrier waves.

[0036] The High PHY layer includes a channel estimation / equalization unit, an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) unit, a demodulation unit, a descrambling unit, a rate dematching unit, and a decoding unit. The High PHY layer performs channel estimation / equalization, IDFT processing, demodulation processing, descrambling processing, and decoding processing on the I and Q sample sequence of the frequency-domain OFDM signal, and transmits the resulting bit sequence to the MAC layer. This bit sequence is called the MAC layer signal. In other words, the Low PHY layer and High PHY layer perform various processing on the physical layer signal and convert it into a MAC layer signal.

[0037] Although the BF processing is performed on an analog signal, it may also be performed on a digital signal, in which case a digital BF unit is provided between the FFT / CP removal unit and the RE demapping unit.

[0038] The signal processing unit 36 ​​is arranged inside the PHY layer (low PHY layer and high PHY layer). The signal processing unit 36 ​​may be arranged at the Option 7-1 interface. Option 7, defined in 3GPP as the interface between the low PHY layer and high PHY layer, is Option 7-1 in O-RAN. In this case, the first layer 32 is an FFT / CP removal unit in the low PHY layer. The second layer 34 is an RE demapping unit in the low PHY layer. In the case of digital processing, the first layer 32 is a digital BF unit in the low PHY layer. The second layer 34 is an RE demapping unit in the low PHY layer.

[0039] The signal processing unit 36 ​​may be disposed in the interface of Option 7-2. In this case, the first layer 32 is a low PHY layer, and the second layer 34 is a high PHY layer.

[0040] Furthermore, the signal processing unit 36 ​​may be arranged at an interface between adjacent processing units in a currently unstandardized High PHY layer. The signal processing unit 36 ​​may be arranged at an interface between the channel estimation / equalization unit and the IDFT unit, an interface between the IDFT unit and the demodulation unit, an interface between the demodulation unit and the descrambling unit, an interface between the descrambling unit and the rate dematching unit, or an interface between the rate dematching unit and the decoding unit.

[0041] Since the signal processing unit 36 ​​is arranged within the PHY layer, the uplink signal transmitted from the first layer 32 to the signal processing unit 36 ​​is a physical layer signal. The uplink signal transmitted from the signal processing unit 36 ​​to the second layer 34 is also a physical layer signal. The base station 20 includes a scheduler that allocates communication resources to the terminals 24. The MAC layer includes the scheduler. The base station 20 is divided into two functional units so that the scheduler is included in the second layer 34.

[0042] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink frame configuration according to the first embodiment. This frame configuration conforms to the frame configuration of the 5G system. In the 5G system, frames of a predetermined time length are defined. The time length of a frame is 10 ms. One frame includes 10 subframes, each of which has a predetermined time length. The time length of a subframe is 1 ms.

[0043] The 5G system defines five subcarrier spacings: 15 kHz (μ=0), 30 kHz (μ=1), 60 kHz (μ=2), 120 kHz (μ=3), and 240 kHz (μ=5), where μ is a value that identifies the subcarrier spacing.

[0044] The 5G system defines a unit called a slot. A slot consists of 14 OFDM symbols. The time length of an OFDM symbol varies depending on the subcarrier spacing. Therefore, the time length of a slot varies depending on the subcarrier spacing.

[0045] One subframe contains at least one slot. If the subcarrier spacing is set to 15 kHz, one subframe contains one slot. If the subcarrier spacing is set to 30 kHz, one subframe contains two slots. If the subcarrier spacing is set to 60 kHz, one subframe contains four slots. If the subcarrier spacing is set to 120 kHz, one subframe contains eight slots. If the subcarrier spacing is set to 240 kHz, one subframe contains 16 slots.

[0046] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of one uplink frame according to the first embodiment. In Fig. 7, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents frequency. One frame includes two types of physical channels: a control channel PUCCH and a data communication channel PUSCH. The control channel PUCCH is a channel used to transmit scheduling requests. The data communication channel PUSCH is a shared data channel for user data communicated in the uplink. Data from all users is aggregated and transmitted on the data communication channel PUSCH.

[0047] The control channel PUCCH and the data communication channel PUSCH are shared by multiple users.

[0048] The control channel PUCCH uses the highest and lowest frequency bands of the uplink (UL) frequency band, and the data communication channel PUSCH uses the central band other than the control channel PUCCH band.

[0049] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of one uplink subframe according to the first embodiment. A subframe period of 1 millisecond is divided into two slots (slot 0 and slot 1). Terminals 24 are classified into one of multiple terminal groups Gr. Multiple terminals 24 belong to one terminal group Gr. The control channel PUCCH is allocated to the terminal group for each pair of resource blocks (RBs) at opposite ends of the uplink frequency band. This allows scheduling requests (PUCCH) from multiple terminals 24 to be transmitted in one subframe. A resource block is the smallest allocation unit of communication resources. One resource block consists of 12 subcarriers in the frequency direction and 7 symbols in the time direction. The smallest time unit for scheduling (TTI: Transmission Time Interval) is one subframe.

[0050] RB 0 in slot 0 and RB N in slot 1 are allocated to the control channel PUCCH of terminal group Gr1. RB 0 in slot 1 and RB N in slot 0 are allocated to the control channel PUCCH of terminal group Gr2. Similarly, RB 2 in slot 1 and RB N-2 in slot 0 are allocated to the control channel PUCCH of terminal group Gr6.

[0051] 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource blocks according to the first embodiment. One subframe includes two resource blocks.

[0052] Fig. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of a communication procedure between the base station 20 and the terminal 24 according to the first embodiment in comparison with a reference example. Fig. 10(a) shows the communication procedure of the reference example. The reference example is a base station that does not include a signal processing unit 36. Fig. 10(b) shows the communication procedure of the first embodiment. Fig. 10 shows the communication procedure when time is allocated as a communication resource.

[0053] In both the embodiment and the reference example, a plurality of terminals 24 are connected to the base station 20. When time is used as a communication resource, timing 1 to timing 19 are defined as communication resource options. Timing 1 to timing 19 are defined repeatedly. The numbers 1 to 19 in FIG. 10 are timing indexes. The letter U in FIG. 10 represents uplink communication. The letter D in FIG. 10 represents downlink communication. In a certain terminal 24, uplink (UL) data is generated at timing 15. The timings at which the terminal 24 can transmit a first scheduling request are predetermined. The predetermined timings are, for example, timing 9 and timing 19. Prior to the operation of FIG. 10, the base station 20 transmits first allocation information indicating these timings to the terminal 24.

[0054] In the reference example, after uplink data is generated at timing 15, a certain terminal 24 transmits a first scheduling request (SR) to the base station 20 at timing 19 indicated by the first allocation information.

[0055] In response to the first scheduling request, the base station 20 allocates a certain timing, for example, timing 10, as a communication resource at which uplink data can be transmitted to a certain terminal 24, and transmits second allocation information indicating timing 10 to the certain terminal 24. The timings at which the second allocation information is communicated in the downlink are also determined in advance. The predetermined timings are, for example, timing 7 and timing 17. The base station 20 transmits the second allocation information to the certain terminal 24 at timing 7.

[0056] A certain terminal 24 transmits uplink data to the base station 20 at timing 10 based on the second allocation information.

[0057] In the reference example, the communication delay time is the sum of the delay time from the generation time 15 of the uplink data to the transmission time 19 of the first scheduling request, the delay time from the transmission time 19 of the first scheduling request to the reception time 7 of the second allocation information, and the delay time from the reception time 7 of the second allocation information to the transmission time 10 of the uplink data.

[0058] In the first embodiment, first allocation information indicating timing 9 and timing 19 at which a certain terminal 24 can transmit a first scheduling request is stored in the memory 48.

[0059] 10(b), the control signal generator 44 generates a second scheduling request at timing 9 indicated by the first allocation information, regardless of whether uplink data is generated. The combiner 46 adds the second scheduling request to the physical layer signal at timing 9, and transmits the combined signal to the second layer 34.

[0060] In response to the combined signal including the second scheduling request, the scheduler in the second layer 34 allocates a certain timing, for example, timing 20, as a communication resource at which uplink data can be transmitted to a certain terminal 24. The base station 20 transmits second allocation information indicating timing 20 to the certain terminal 24. Since the timings at which the second allocation information is transmitted are timing 7 and timing 17, the base station 20 transmits the second allocation information to the certain terminal 24 at timing 7.

[0061] A certain terminal 24 transmits uplink data to the base station 20 at timing 20 based on the second allocation information.

[0062] In the first embodiment, the second scheduling request is generated before the generation of uplink data, and therefore the timing at which the base station 20 transmits the second information allocation information to the terminal 24 is earlier than in the reference example. The communication delay time is the sum of the delay time from the generation timing 15 of the uplink data to the reception timing 17 of the second allocation information and the delay time from the reception timing 17 of the second allocation information to the transmission timing 20 of the uplink data.

[0063] The signal processing unit 36 ​​according to the first embodiment has the following effects. Typically, signals transmitted from multiple users (terminals 24) propagate through space, are combined and received by the antenna of the base station 20. In terms of arithmetic processing, this combination is a simple addition process. Therefore, even after the first layer 32 of the base station 20 converts the received signals into baseband signals, digitizes them, performs beamforming processing, or FFT processing, by adding signals that have undergone similar processing, it is possible to generate a combined signal equivalent to the signal combined by the antenna. The signal processing unit 36 ​​utilizes this fact.

[0064] The control signal generation unit 44 generates a second scheduling request, and the combining unit 46 combines the physical layer signal and the second scheduling request. As a result, even if the terminal 24 has not transmitted the first scheduling request, the signal processing unit 36 ​​can combine the second scheduling request and the physical layer signal and transmit the combined signal to the second layer 34. Therefore, even if the terminal 24 has not generated the first scheduling request, the signal processing unit 36 ​​can generate a scheduling request equivalent to the scheduling request transmitted by the terminal by adding the second scheduling request to the physical layer signal. Moreover, since the signal processing unit 36 ​​transmits the combined signal including the second scheduling request to the scheduler before the generation timing of the uplink data, the reception timing (timing 17) of the second allocation information is earlier than the reception timing in the reference example (timing 7 of the next period). If the second scheduling request is generated using all radio resources that can be transmitted based on the first allocation information and combined with the physical layer signal, the maximum delay reduction effect can be achieved.

[0065] This makes it possible to achieve low latency without modifying the terminal 24. In the first embodiment, a scheduling request is simply added to the physical layer signal. Therefore, no changes are made to the series of processes normally performed on the base station 20 side, and it is also possible to reduce the risk of malfunctioning of the series of processes in the base station 20.

[0066] Other embodiments will be described below. In the other embodiments, the same elements as in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted. The block diagram of the wireless communication system according to the other embodiments is the same as the block diagram of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The descriptions of FIGS. 3 to 9 regarding the first embodiment also apply to the other embodiments.

[0067] (Second embodiment) 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to the second embodiment. The base station 20 according to the second embodiment is configured such that the input unit 40 is removed from the base station 20 according to the first embodiment (FIG. 2) and instead an allocation information acquisition unit 52 is added. At least one of the first physical layer signal transmitted from the first layer 32 to the combining unit 46 and the second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer 34 to the first layer 32 is also transmitted to the allocation information acquisition unit 52.

[0068] The allocation information acquisition unit 52 can detect the timing of the first allocation information by observing, for a certain period of time, the first physical layer signal transmitted from the first layer 32 and the first allocation information (SchedulingRequst_congig) in the second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer 34. This allows the allocation information acquisition unit 52 to acquire the first allocation information.

[0069] According to the second embodiment, it is possible to omit input of the first allocation information by the operator of the base station 20 in the first embodiment. The description of Fig. 10 also applies to the second embodiment.

[0070] (Third embodiment) 12 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to the third embodiment. The base station 20 according to the third embodiment is configured from the same elements as the base station 20 according to the second embodiment. The allocation information acquisition unit 52 according to the third embodiment acquires the first allocation information by a method different from that of the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the first allocation information is acquired by observing physical layer signals transmitted and received between the first layer 32 and the second layer 34 for a certain period of time. The RRC in the second layer 34 transmits first allocation information (SchedulingRequst_congig) indicating predetermined communication resources to the terminal and also transmits the first allocation information to the allocation information acquisition unit 52.

[0071] According to the third embodiment as well, the allocation information acquisition unit 52 can quickly acquire the first allocation information transmitted from the second layer 34. According to the third embodiment as well, it is possible to omit input of the first allocation information by the operator of the base station 20 as in the first embodiment.

[0072] The second embodiment and the third embodiment may be combined. That is, at least one of the first physical layer signal transmitted from the first layer 32 to the combining unit 46 and the second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer 34 to the first layer 32 may also be transmitted to the allocation information acquisition unit 52, and the first allocation information from the RRC in the second layer 34 may be transmitted to the allocation information acquisition unit 52. This increases the possibility that the allocation information acquisition unit 52 will correctly acquire the first allocation information.

[0073] In the first to third embodiments, if the control signal generation unit 44 transmits the second scheduling request at all timings indicated in the first allocation information, a composite signal including the second scheduling request is transmitted to the second layer 34 even though no uplink data is generated, and the transmission timing of the uplink data is allocated in response to the second scheduling request. This may result in a situation where radio resources (timings at which uplink data can be transmitted) cannot be allocated to other terminals. Fourth to seventh embodiments will be described that can solve this problem and enable effective use of radio resources.

[0074] (Fourth embodiment) 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to the fourth embodiment. The base station 20 according to the third embodiment is configured by adding a timing control unit 56 to the base station 20 according to the first embodiment (FIG. 2).

[0075] The allocation information management unit 42 transmits the first allocation information to the control signal generation unit 44 and the timing control unit 56. The timing control unit 56 selects a portion of the multiple allocation timings for the second scheduling request indicated by the first allocation information. The portion of the timings is at least one timing. The timing control unit 56 transmits information indicating the selected portion of the timings to the synthesis unit 46.

[0076] The control signal generation unit 44 generates a second scheduling request and transmits the second scheduling request to the combination unit 46. The combination unit 46 adds the second scheduling request to the physical layer signal at the timing transmitted from the timing control unit 56 to generate a physical layer signal.

[0077] The timing control unit 56 selects a number of timings according to the degree of latency reduction required for uplink communication from the plurality of timings indicated by the first allocation information. The timing control unit 56 acquires the requested degree of latency reduction by some method. The acquisition method may be by receiving a signal from the server 16 or by setting or input by an operator of the base station 20.

[0078] When low latency in uplink communication is required, the timing control unit 56 selects multiple timings. The control signal generation unit 44 generates multiple second scheduling requests at the multiple selected timings. As a result, the combining unit 46 adds the multiple second scheduling requests to the physical layer signal at the multiple timings. As a result, the multiple second scheduling requests are transmitted to the second layer 34, and multiple communication resources (uplink data transmission timings) are allocated, thereby achieving low latency.

[0079] On the other hand, when low latency in uplink communication is not so necessary, the timing control unit 56 selects a small number of timings and generates a small number of second scheduling requests at the selected timings. As a result, the combining unit 46 adds a small number of second scheduling requests to the physical layer signal at a small number of timings. As a result, a small number of second scheduling requests are transmitted to the second layer 34, and a small number of communication resources (uplink data transmission timings) are allocated, thereby achieving fairness in communication rather than low latency.

[0080] According to the fourth embodiment, a second scheduling request is generated in response to a request for communication, thereby preventing a situation in which radio resources are allocated in vain even when there is no uplink data, and enabling more efficient use of radio resources.

[0081] (Fifth embodiment) 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to the fifth embodiment. The base station 20 according to the fifth embodiment is configured from the same elements as the base station 20 according to the fourth embodiment. The timing control unit 56 according to the fifth embodiment controls the timing to be selected, rather than the number of timings to be selected. The timing control unit 56 is connected to the server 16.

[0082] The server 16 determines the timing at which uplink data will be generated based on information indicating various requirements for uplink communication, such as the frequency of uplink communication, the timing of uplink communication, the amount of uplink communication, and the degree of latency reduction required for uplink communication. The server 16 transmits the information indicating the timing at which uplink data will be generated to the timing control unit 56. The timing control unit 56 detects the timing at which uplink data will be generated based on the information from the server 16, and extracts the detected timing from among the multiple timings indicated by the first allocation information. The timing control unit 56 transmits the information indicating the extracted timing to the control signal generation unit 44 and the synthesis unit 46.

[0083] The control signal generation unit 44 generates a second scheduling request at the timing indicated by the information transmitted from the timing control unit 56, and transmits the second scheduling request to the combining unit 46. The combining unit 46 adds the second scheduling request to the physical layer signal at the timing indicated by the information transmitted from the timing control unit 56.

[0084] In an application in which the server 16 inquires about the temperature of the terminal 24 through downlink communication, and the terminal 24 returns the temperature to the server 16 through uplink communication, uplink data is generated a certain time after the downlink communication. The server 16 sets the timing of the uplink data generation as a certain time after the downlink communication, and transmits information indicating the timing of the uplink data generation to the timing control unit 56. As a result, the control signal generation unit 44 generates a second scheduling request shortly before the timing of the uplink data generation, and transmits the second scheduling request to the combining unit 46. The combining unit 46 adds the second scheduling request to the physical layer signal shortly before the timing of the uplink data generation.

[0085] According to the fifth embodiment, it is also possible to prevent a situation in which radio resources are allocated wastefully even when there is no uplink data, and it is possible to use radio resources more efficiently.

[0086] (Sixth embodiment) 15 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to the sixth embodiment. The base station 20 according to the sixth embodiment is configured by adding a timing information estimation unit 62 to the base station 20 according to the fifth embodiment. The arrangement position of the timing information estimation unit 62 can be selected from various positions, but in the sixth embodiment, the timing information estimation unit 62 is arranged inside the signal processing unit 36.

[0087] In the fifth embodiment, the timing of generation of uplink data is determined based on the timing of generation of data to be transmitted from the server 16 via the core network 12 and the base station 20, but in the sixth embodiment, the timing of generation of uplink data is estimated from a physical layer signal transmitted and received between the first layer 32 and the second layer 34. At least one of the combined signal transmitted from the combiner 46 to the second layer 34 and the second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer 34 to the first layer 32 is also transmitted to the timing information estimation unit 62.

[0088] The timing information estimation unit 62 estimates the timing at which uplink data will be generated by observing the physical layer signal transmitted and received between the first layer 32 and the second layer 34. The timing information estimation unit 62 transmits information indicating the estimated timing to the timing control unit 56.

[0089] The timing control unit 56 detects the estimated timing at which uplink data will occur according to the information from the timing information estimation unit 62, and extracts the detected timing from among the multiple timings indicated by the first allocation information. The subsequent processing is the same as in the fifth embodiment.

[0090] According to the sixth embodiment, the second scheduling request is also generated in response to a request for communication, so that it is possible to prevent a situation in which radio resources are allocated in vain even when there is no uplink data, and it is possible to use radio resources more efficiently. Furthermore, according to the sixth embodiment, it is not necessary for the server 16 to transmit a signal indicating the transmission timing of the uplink data to the base station 20, so that the base station 20 alone can determine the generation timing of the uplink data without needing a connection with the server 16.

[0091] A modification of the sixth embodiment relating to a change in the location of the timing information estimation unit 62 will be described.

[0092] 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to a first modification of the sixth embodiment. A timing information estimation unit 62 is arranged inside the base station 20 but outside the signal processing unit 36. As in the sixth embodiment, at least one of the combined signal transmitted from the combining unit 46 to the second layer 34 and the second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer 34 to the first layer 32 is also transmitted to the timing information estimation unit 62. Therefore, the first modification provides the same effects as the sixth embodiment.

[0093] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to a second modification of the sixth embodiment. The timing information estimation unit 62 is arranged outside the base station 20. The timing information estimation unit 62 is a device independent of the base station 20. Physical layer signals transmitted and received between the first layer 32 and the second layer 34 of the base station 20 are not transmitted to the timing information estimation unit 62. Instead, at least one of a signal transmitted from the base station 20 to the core network 12 and a signal transmitted from the core network 12 to the base station 20 is also transmitted to the timing information estimation unit 62. The timing information estimation unit 62 can also estimate the transmission timing of uplink data from these signals. Therefore, the second modification also achieves the same effects as the sixth embodiment.

[0094] 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to a third modification of the sixth embodiment. The timing information estimation unit 62 is arranged inside the server 16. The server 16 estimates the timing at which uplink data will be generated from information indicating various requirements for uplink communication, such as the frequency of uplink communication, the timing of uplink communication, the amount of uplink communication, and the degree of latency reduction required for uplink communication. The third modification also achieves the same effects as the sixth embodiment.

[0095] (Seventh embodiment) 19 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to the seventh embodiment. The signal processing unit 36 ​​of the base station 20 according to the seventh embodiment includes the allocation information acquisition unit 52 according to the second and third embodiments, the timing control unit 56 according to the fourth and fifth embodiments, and the timing information estimation unit 62 according to the sixth embodiment.

[0096] The memory 48 and the allocation information acquisition unit 52 are connected to the allocation information management unit 42. The input unit 40 may be connected to the allocation information management unit 42. At least one of the first physical layer signal transmitted from the first layer 32 to the combining unit 46 and the second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer 34 to the first layer 32 is also transmitted to the allocation information acquisition unit 52. As shown in FIG. 12 , the first allocation information from the second layer 34 may be transmitted to the information acquisition unit 52.

[0097] The allocation information management unit 42 transmits the first allocation information to the timing control unit 56. The timing control unit 56 selects some of the timings based on the signal from the timing information estimation unit 62. The timing control unit 56 transmits information indicating the selected some of the timings to the control signal generation unit 44 and the synthesis unit 46.

[0098] At least one of the combined signal transmitted from the combiner 46 to the second layer 34 and the second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer 34 to the first layer 32 is also transmitted to the timing information estimator 62. As shown in Fig. 14, the server 16 may transmit information indicating the timing at which uplink data is generated to the timing controller 56.

[0099] As in the modified example of the sixth embodiment, the timing information estimation unit 62 is inside the base station 20, but it may also be arranged outside the signal processing unit 36, or outside the base station 20 as a device independent of the base station 20, or inside the server 16.

[0100] According to the seventh embodiment, the effects of all the above-mentioned embodiments are achieved.

[0101] (Eighth embodiment) FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station 20 according to the eighth embodiment. FIG. 20 illustrates an example in which O-RAN split option 7-2x proposed by O-RAN is adopted. The base station 20 constitutes a RAN 10 and connects a terminal 24 to a core network (CN) 12. The RAN 10 includes a part that processes radio frequency (RF) signals and a part that processes signals other than radio frequencies. The part that processes radio frequency signals is called an RU (Radio Unit). The RU processes the RF layer and the low PHY layer. The part that processes signals other than radio frequencies includes a DU (Distributed Unit) and a CU (Centralized Unit). The interface between the RU and the DU is Option 7-2. The DU includes a second layer 34. The DU processes the high PHY layer, the low MAC layer, the high MAC layer, the low RLC layer, and the high RLC layer. The RU includes a first layer 32. The CU processes the PDCP layer and the RRC layer.

[0102] The base station 20 is classified into a master station 20-1 and slave stations 20-3 and 20-4. The master station 20-1 is connected to the core network 12 via a signal line (backhaul). The master station 20-1 includes a CU 82 and a DU 84. The CU 82 executes a packet data convergence protocol, radio resource control, a service data adaptation protocol, etc. The DU 84 executes modulation / demodulation processing, encoding / decoding processing, scrambling processing, etc.

[0103] The slave stations 20-3 and 20-4 are connected to the master station 20-1 via a network called a fronthaul. The slave stations 20-3 and 20-4 are connected to the core network 12 via the master station 20-1. The fronthaul may be an optical fiber network. Each of the slave stations 20-3 and 20-4 includes an RU 86 and an antenna 88. The antenna 88 is a massive MIMO (multi-input multi-output) antenna consisting of multiple antennas arranged in an array. The RU 86 performs AD / DA conversion, iFFT, analog (or digital) beamforming, etc.

[0104] An example of the arrangement of the signal processing unit 36 ​​in a base station divided into the master station 20-1 and the slave stations 20-3 and 20-4 will be described.

[0105] 21 is a block diagram for explaining a first example of the arrangement of the signal processing unit 36. The signal processing unit 36 ​​is arranged inside the DU 84 (master station 20-1). The DU 84 includes the second layer 34 and the signal processing unit 36. The RU 86 includes the first layer 32.

[0106] 22 is a block diagram for explaining a second example of the arrangement of the signal processing unit 36. The signal processing unit 36 ​​is arranged inside the RU 86 (slave stations 20-3 and 20-4). The RU 86 includes the first layer 32 and the signal processing unit 36. The DU 84 includes the second layer 34.

[0107] According to the arrangement of the second or third example, it is possible to implement the signal processing unit 36 ​​and achieve low delay without increasing the number of devices. Not increasing the number of devices makes it easier to handle the devices.

[0108] 23 is a block diagram for explaining a third example of the arrangement of the signal processing unit 36. The signal processing unit 36 ​​is arranged outside the DU 84 (parent station 20-1) and outside the RU 86 (child stations 20-3, 20-4). The DU 84 includes the second layer 34. The RU 86 includes the first layer 32.

[0109] According to the arrangement of the third example, the signal processing unit 36 ​​can be implemented without modifying either the DU 84 or the RU 86, and low delay can be easily achieved.

[0110] According to the embodiments, the following processing device, base station, communication system, method, and program are realized.

[0111] (1) A processing device disposed at an interface between a first layer and a second layer included in a base station, a processing unit; a memory that stores allocation information representing communication resources through which the terminal can transmit the first control signal; the first layer transmits physical layer signals to the second layer; The processing unit generating a second control signal based on the allocation information; generating a composite signal by adding the second control signal to a physical layer signal transmitted from the first layer based on the allocation information; A processing device that transmits the composite signal to the second layer.

[0112] (2) the first control signal includes a scheduling request that the terminal requests the base station to allocate the communication resources; The processing device according to (1), wherein the second control signal includes the scheduling request.

[0113] (3) the base station includes a physical layer that receives a signal transmitted from the terminal and demodulates the received signal; the physical layer includes the first layer and the second layer; The processing device according to (1) or (2), wherein the second layer converts the combined signal into a MAC layer signal.

[0114] (4) The processing device according to any one of (1) to (3), further comprising an input unit for inputting the allocation information.

[0115] (5) The processing device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the processing unit acquires the allocation information and writes the allocation information to the memory.

[0116] (6) The processing device according to (5), wherein the processing unit acquires the allocation information from at least one of the physical layer signal and a second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer to the first layer.

[0117] (7) The processing device according to (5), wherein the processing unit acquires the allocation information from the second layer.

[0118] (8) the communication resource is time; the allocation information represents a plurality of times; The processing unit selecting a part of the time periods from the plurality of time periods; The processing device according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the second control signal is added to the physical layer signal at the part of the time.

[0119] (9) The processing device according to (8), wherein the processing unit is connected to a server that generates a selection signal for selecting a time, and selects the part of the time based on the selection signal.

[0120] (10) The processing device according to (8), wherein the processing unit selects the part of the time based on an estimation result of the data transmission timing of the terminal.

[0121] (11) The processing device according to (10), wherein the processing unit includes an estimation unit that estimates data transmission timing of the terminal based on at least one of the physical layer signal and a second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer to the first layer.

[0122] (12) The base station includes an estimation unit that estimates data transmission timing of the terminal based on at least one of the physical layer signal and a second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer to the first layer; The processing device according to (10), wherein the processing unit selects the part of time points based on an estimation result of the estimation unit.

[0123] (13) The base station is connected to an estimation unit that estimates data transmission timing of the terminal based on at least one of the physical layer signal and a second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer to the first layer; The processing device according to (10), wherein the processing unit selects the part of time points based on an estimation result of the estimation unit.

[0124] (14) The processing unit is connected to a server, the server includes an estimation unit that estimates a data transmission timing of the terminal; The processing device according to (10), wherein the processing unit selects the part of time points based on an estimation result of the estimation unit.

[0125] (15) The base station includes a Radio Unit including an RF layer and a Low PHY layer, and a Distributed Unit including a High PHY layer, a Low MAC layer, a High MAC layer, a Low RLC layer, and a High RLC layer; The processing device according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the Distibuted Unit includes the processing unit and the second layer.

[0126] (16) The base station includes a Radio Unit including an RF layer and a Low PHY layer, and a Distributed Unit including a High PHY layer, a Low MAC layer, a High MAC layer, a Low RLC layer, and a High RLC layer; The processing device according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the Radio Unit includes the processing unit and the first layer.

[0127] (17) The base station includes a Radio Unit including an RF layer and a Low PHY layer, and a Distributed Unit including a High PHY layer, a Low MAC layer, a High MAC layer, a Low RLC layer, and a High RLC layer. The Distibuted Unit comprises the second layer, The Radio Unit comprises the first layer, The processing device according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the processing unit is connected between the Radio Unit and the Distibuted Unit.

[0128] (18) A processing device according to any one of (1) to (17), a wireless device that communicates with the terminal; a communication device for communicating with a core network; A base station comprising:

[0129] (19) A processing device according to any one of (1) to (17), a wireless device that communicates with the terminal; a communication device for communicating with a core network; a server connected to the core network; A communication system comprising:

[0130] (20) A processing unit disposed in an interface between the first layer and the second layer included in the base station; a memory that stores allocation information representing communication resources over which a terminal can transmit a first control signal, the method comprising: generating a second control signal based on the allocation information; generating a composite signal by adding the second control signal to a physical layer signal input from the first layer based on the allocation information; transmitting the composite signal to the second layer.

[0131] (21) A processing unit disposed in an interface between a first layer and a second layer included in a base station; A program executed by a processing device including a memory that stores allocation information indicating communication resources through which a terminal can transmit a first control signal, generating a second control signal based on the allocation information; generating a composite signal by adding the second control signal to a physical layer signal input from the first layer based on the allocation information; A program that causes the composite signal to be transmitted to the second layer.

[0132] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and the components can be modified and embodied in practice without departing from the spirit of the invention. Furthermore, various inventions can be created by appropriately combining multiple components disclosed in the above-described embodiments. For example, some components may be omitted from all the components shown in the embodiments. Furthermore, components from different embodiments may be appropriately combined. [Explanation of symbols]

[0133] 10...radio access network, 12...core network, 16...server, 20...base station, 24...terminal, 32...first layer, 34...second layer, 36...signal processing unit, 42...allocation information management unit, 44...control signal generation unit, 46...combining unit

Claims

1. A processing device disposed at an interface between a first layer and a second layer included in a base station, a processing unit; a memory that stores allocation information representing communication resources over which the terminal can transmit the first control signal; The first layer transmits physical layer signals to the second layer; The processing unit generating a second control signal based on the allocation information; generating a composite signal by adding the second control signal to a physical layer signal transmitted from the first layer based on the allocation information; A processing device that transmits the composite signal to the second layer.

2. the first control signal includes a scheduling request by which the terminal requests the base station to allocate the communication resources; The processing device of claim 1 , wherein the second control signal includes the scheduling request.

3. the base station includes a physical layer that receives a signal transmitted from the terminal and demodulates the received signal; the physical layer includes the first layer and the second layer; The processing device of claim 1 , wherein the second layer converts the composite signal into a MAC layer signal.

4. The processing device according to claim 1, further comprising an input unit for inputting the allocation information.

5. The processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the processing unit acquires the allocation information and writes the allocation information into the memory.

6. The processing device according to claim 5 , wherein the processing unit acquires the allocation information from at least one of the physical layer signal and a second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer to the first layer.

7. The processing device according to claim 5 , wherein the processing unit obtains the allocation information from the second layer.

8. the communication resource is time; the allocation information represents a plurality of times; The processing unit selecting a part of the time periods from the plurality of time periods; The processing device of claim 1 , further comprising: adding said second control signal to said physical layer signal at said portion of the time.

9. The processing device according to claim 8 , wherein the processing unit is connected to a server that generates a selection signal for selecting a time, and selects the part of the time based on the selection signal.

10. The processing device according to claim 8 , wherein the processing unit selects the part of time based on an estimation result of a data transmission timing of the terminal.

11. The processing device according to claim 10 , wherein the processing unit includes an estimation unit that estimates data transmission timing of the terminal based on at least one of the physical layer signal and a second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer to the first layer.

12. the base station includes an estimation unit that estimates data transmission timing of the terminal based on at least one of the physical layer signal and a second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer to the first layer; The processing device according to claim 10 , wherein the processing unit selects the part of time points based on an estimation result of the estimation unit.

13. the base station is connected to an estimation unit that estimates data transmission timing of the terminal based on at least one of the physical layer signal and a second physical layer signal transmitted from the second layer to the first layer; The processing device according to claim 10 , wherein the processing unit selects the part of time points based on an estimation result of the estimation unit.

14. The processing unit is connected to a server, the server includes an estimation unit that estimates a data transmission timing of the terminal; The processing device according to claim 10 , wherein the processing unit selects the part of time points based on an estimation result of the estimation unit.

15. the base station comprises a Radio Unit including an RF layer and a Low PHY layer, and a Distributed Unit including a High PHY layer, a Low MAC layer, a High MAC layer, a Low RLC layer, and a High RLC layer; The processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the Distributed Unit comprises the processing unit and the second layer.

16. the base station comprises a Radio Unit including an RF layer and a Low PHY layer, and a Distributed Unit including a High PHY layer, a Low MAC layer, a High MAC layer, a Low RLC layer, and a High RLC layer; The processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the Radio Unit comprises the processing unit and the first layer.

17. The base station includes a Radio Unit including an RF layer and a Low PHY layer, and a Distributed Unit including a High PHY layer, a Low MAC layer, a High MAC layer, a Low RLC layer, and a High RLC layer. the Distributed Unit comprises the second layer; The Radio Unit comprises the first layer, The processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the processing unit is connected between the radio unit and the distributed unit.

18. A processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 11; a wireless device that communicates with the terminal; a communication device for communicating with a core network; A base station comprising:

19. A processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 11; a wireless device that communicates with the terminal; a communication device for communicating with a core network; a server connected to the core network; A communication system comprising:

20. a processing unit disposed at an interface between the first layer and the second layer included in the base station; a memory that stores allocation information representing communication resources over which a terminal can transmit a first control signal, the method comprising: generating a second control signal based on the allocation information; generating a composite signal by adding the second control signal to a physical layer signal input from the first layer based on the allocation information; transmitting the composite signal to the second layer.

21. a processing unit disposed at an interface between the first layer and the second layer included in the base station; a memory that stores allocation information indicating communication resources through which a terminal can transmit a first control signal, generating a second control signal based on the allocation information; generating a composite signal by adding the second control signal to a physical layer signal input from the first layer based on the allocation information; A program that causes the composite signal to be transmitted to the second layer.

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