Self-healing materials

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a self-repairing material having excellent productivity and self-repairing property. [Solution] A self-healing material according to the present technique includes a base material, first capsules, and second capsules. The first capsule has a flexible first outer shell and a first fluid encapsulated in the first outer shell, and the first capsules are mixed with the base material. The second capsule has a flexible second outer shell and a second fluid encapsulated in the second outer shell and cured by contact with the first fluid, and the second capsules are mixed with the base material.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present technology relates to a self-healing material that can self-repair cracks. [Background technology]

[0002] Adhesives are often used to join parts together, but minute cracks can occur in adhesives when subjected to reliability tests such as temperature shock or drop tests, or when used in the market for a long period of time. These minute cracks grow gradually and can eventually lead to partial or complete destruction of the joint, potentially impairing the product's functionality.

[0003] Adhesive joints are designed and adhesives selected to prevent such incidents from occurring, but market and customer demands are increasing year by year, and there are cases where existing adhesives are difficult to guarantee.In addition, with the acceleration of autonomous driving and the expansion of 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication System), the number of devices installed outdoors and inside cars will increase dramatically, and it is easy to predict that existing adhesives and adhesive technologies will no longer be able to meet market demands.

[0004] Meanwhile, in recent years, technologies have been developed that can self-repair cracks that occur in adhesives. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a self-repairing agent that combines an encapsulated repairing agent and a catalyst that hardens the repairing agent in a base adhesive. In this technology, when a crack occurs in the base adhesive, the capsule ruptures, and the repairing agent and hardener mix, hardening the repairing agent and repairing the crack. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-218519 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, in the technology described in Patent Document 1, because a curing agent is added to the base adhesive, in order to prevent the adhesive from unintentionally hardening or thickening before use (when it is liquid), it is necessary to select a base adhesive of a completely different type from the repair agent, which limits the range of application. Furthermore, adding a curing agent to the base adhesive may have adverse effects such as a shortened lifespan. Furthermore, in order to ensure that the repair agent and curing agent are sufficiently mixed when a crack occurs in the adhesive, it is necessary to disperse a large amount of capsules and curing agent uniformly in the base adhesive.

[0007] In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present technology is to provide a self-repairing material that is excellent in productivity and self-repairing properties. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] To achieve the above object, the self-repairing material according to the present technology comprises a base material, a first capsule, and a second capsule. The first capsule has a flexible first shell and a first fluid enclosed in the first shell, and is mixed with the base material. The second capsule has a flexible second shell and a second fluid enclosed in the second shell that hardens upon contact with the first material, and is mixed into the base material.

[0009] The first outer shell and the second outer shell may be made of a material having an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or more and 85 MPa or less.

[0010] The first shell and the second shell may be made of gelatin.

[0011] The first outer shell and the second outer shell may be made of melamine.

[0012] The first fluid may be a base material of SGA (Second Generation Acrylic adhesive), and the second fluid may be an SGA curing agent.

[0013] The base material may be joined to the first shell and the second shell.

[0014] The first shell and the second shell may be made of gelatin, and the base material may be an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive.

[0015] The first outer shell and the second outer shell are made of melamine, and the base material may be an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive.

[0016] The base material may be a material having a Shore D hardness of 60 or greater.

[0017] The combined amount of the first capsules and the second capsules mixed with the base material may be 5% (V / V) or more and 20% (V / V) or less. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-healing material according to an embodiment of the present technology; FIG. [Figure 2] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a first capsule included in the self-repairing material. [Figure 3] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second capsule provided in the self-repairing material. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a crack that has occurred in the self-repairing material. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the self-repairing material in which the crack has been repaired. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a use of a self-repairing material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure as a filler; [Figure 8]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the self-repairing material used as a filler. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of FIG. [Figure 10] 1 is a schematic diagram showing a crack that has occurred in the self-repairing material. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the self-repairing material in which the crack has been repaired. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an experimental method according to an example. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an experimental method according to an example. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing experimental results according to an example. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an experimental method according to a comparative example. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing experimental results according to a comparative example. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an experimental method according to an example. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an experimental method according to an example. [Figure 19] 1 is a graph showing experimental results according to an example and a comparative example. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing experimental results according to a comparative example. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing experimental results according to an example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] A self-repairing material according to an embodiment of the present technology will be described. The self-repairing material according to the present embodiment can be used as an adhesive.

[0020] [Composition of self-healing materials] 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-repairing material 100 according to this embodiment. As shown in the figure, the self-repairing material 100 includes a base material 101, a first capsule 102, and a second capsule 103.

[0021] The base material 101 is a fluid and hardenable material, which can be hardened by heating, ultraviolet irradiation, mixing with a hardener, or the like.

[0022] The first capsule 102 is mixed into the base material 101. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the first capsule 102. As shown in the figure, the first capsule 102 has a first outer shell 121 and a first fluid 122. The first outer shell 121 is made of a flexible material and is a shell that can be elastically deformed. The first capsule 102 can be compressed, for example, to approximately half its capsule diameter and can also be deformed to a certain extent in the tensile direction. The first outer shell 121 can be a spherical shell, but may also have a shell of another shape. The material of the first outer shell 121 is preferably a material with an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or more and 85 MPa or less. The first fluid 122 is a fluid contained in the first outer shell 121.

[0023] The second capsule 103 is mixed into the base material 101. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the second capsule 103. As shown in the figure, the second capsule 103 has a second outer shell 131 and a second fluid 132. The second outer shell 131 is made of a flexible material and is a shell that can be elastically deformed. The second capsule 103 can be compressed, for example, to approximately half its capsule diameter and can also be deformed to a certain extent in the tensile direction. The second outer shell 131 can be a spherical shell, but may also have a shell of another shape. The material of the second outer shell 131 is preferably a material with an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or more and 85 MPa or less. The second fluid 132 is a fluid contained in the second outer shell 131.

[0024] [Materials for the first and second outer shells] As described above, first shell 121 and second shell 131 are made of a material having an elastic modulus of 20 MPa to 85 MPa, specifically gelatin (elastic modulus 24 MPa) or melamine (elastic modulus 84 MPa). Heat-resistant gelatin that has been heat-treated is more preferable.

[0025] The following [Table 1] shows the possible particle size (capsule diameter) range, membrane strength, and airtightness when first outer shell 121 and second outer shell 131 are formed from gelatin or melamine. The materials for first outer shell 121 and second outer shell 131 can be selected based on the properties shown in [Table 1]. The materials for first outer shell 121 and second outer shell 131 may be the same or different.

[0026] [Table 1]

[0027] [Regarding the first and second fluids] The first fluid 122 and the second fluid 132 harden when they come into contact with each other. Specifically, the first fluid 122 can be an SGA (Second Generation Acrylic Adhesive) base material, and the second fluid 132 can be an SGA curing agent. SGA is suitable because the curable blending ratio of the SGA base material to the SGA curing agent is wide, ranging from 1:9 to 9:1.

[0028] Alternatively, the first fluid 122 and the second fluid 132 may be made of materials that harden upon contact with each other. Specifically, the first fluid 122 may be a two-component epoxy base, and the second fluid 132 may be a two-component epoxy hardener. Alternatively, the first fluid 122 may be a metal anaerobic adhesive, and the second fluid 132 may be a metal complex (primer). Alternatively, the first fluid 122 may be an instant adhesive, and the second fluid 132 may be water. Furthermore, the first fluid 122 may be a moisture-curing silicone, and the second fluid 132 may be water.

[0029] [About the base material] The base material 101 can be a material that has fluidity and can be cured as described above. Specifically, the base material 101 can be an organic adhesive, such as an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive. The base material 101 is preferably a material that has a Shore D hardness of 60 or more when cured. This is because cracks, which will be described later, do not occur if the Shore D hardness is less than 60.

[0030] Regarding the relationship between the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131 and the base material 101, the base material 101 is preferably a material that can be bonded to the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131. Specifically, when the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131 are made of gelatin or melamine, the base material 101 can be made of an organic adhesive such as an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive, thereby generating chemical bonds between the base material 101 and the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131, and firmly bonding the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131 to the base material 101. In addition, a material that can be bonded to the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131 can be selected for the base material 101 depending on the materials of these shells.

[0031] [Effects of self-healing materials] The function of the self-repairing material 100 will now be described. The self-repairing material 100 is applied to an object to be bonded while the base material 101 is in a fluid state. When the base material 101 hardens over time or by heating or ultraviolet irradiation, the self-repairing material 100 bonds the object to be bonded.

[0032] Here, when the self-healing material 100 repeatedly expands and contracts due to temperature changes or deforms due to external stress, cracks may occur in the self-healing material 100. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the self-healing material 100 in which a crack C has occurred. When a crack C occurs in the self-healing material 100, the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 facing the crack C are pulled by the base material 101 and break, as shown in Figure 4.

[0033] Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of Fig. 4. In the ruptured first capsule 102, the first outer shell 121 ruptures as shown in Fig. 5, and the first fluid 122 flows out from the first outer shell 121 into the crack C. In the ruptured second capsule 103, the second outer shell 131 ruptures as shown in Fig. 5, and the second fluid 132 flows out from the second outer shell 131 into the crack C. The first fluid 122 and the second fluid 132 harden upon contact, forming a hardened material in the crack C. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the hardened material H formed in the crack C. As shown in the figure, the crack C is filled with the hardened material H and repaired.

[0034] In this way, even if a crack occurs in self-healing material 100, the crack is filled and repaired by the hardened product formed by first fluid 122 and second fluid 132. Even if another new crack forms in self-healing material 100, the crack is similarly filled and repaired by the hardened product.

[0035] [Effects of self-healing materials] In the self-healing material 100, as described above, the first capsule 102 has a flexible first outer shell 121, and the second capsule 103 has a flexible second outer shell 131. As a result, even if stress is applied to the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 during mixing and blending in the production of the self-healing material 100 or during application to an object to be bonded, the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 undergo corresponding deformation and are not broken.

[0036] If the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131 were made of a brittle material such as glass or ceramic, they could break during mixing, stirring, or application, causing the first fluid 132 and the second fluid 132 to leak out. In this case, the first fluid 132 and the second fluid 132 would be absorbed into the base material 101, making it impossible to repair cracks that occur. In contrast, if the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131 are flexible, the first fluid 122 and the second fluid 122 are prevented from leaking out when no cracks occur, and if a crack does occur, it can be repaired by the hardened product. In other words, there is no need to consider breakage of the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 during mixing, stirring, or application, making handling easier.

[0037] Furthermore, the self-repairing material 100 can be configured such that the base material 101 is made of an organic adhesive, and the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131 are made of gelatin, melamine, or the like, and the base material 101 is bonded to the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131. As a result, when a crack occurs in the base material 101, the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 facing the crack are pulled by the base material 101 and are reliably broken (see Examples).

[0038] If the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131 were made of glass or the like, even if a crack occurred in the base material 101, the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 would not break, and there is a risk that the crack would not be repaired. In contrast, by bonding the base material 101 to the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131, it is possible to reliably prevent the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 from breaking due to a crack. Furthermore, by bonding the base material 101 to the first outer shell 121 and the second outer shell 131, it is possible to improve the strength of the self-healing material 100 even when no cracks have occurred.

[0039] Additionally, an SGA (Second Generation Acrylic Adhesive) base material and an SGA curing agent can be used as the first fluid 122 and the second fluid 132. Because the curable blending ratio of the SGA base material to the SGA curing agent for SGA is broad, ranging from 1:9 to 9:1, the first fluid 122 and the second fluid 132 can be cured entirely by contact even if they are not fully mixed. When the first fluid 122 and the second fluid 132 have a predetermined blending ratio for hardening, high precision is required in the blending ratio of the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 and in the dispersion of the capsules in the base material 101 to reliably repair cracks. In contrast, by using an SGA base material and an SGA curing agent as the first fluid 122 and the second fluid 132, cracks can be reliably repaired even if the blending ratio and distribution of the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 are not highly precise.

[0040] [About the amount of the first and second capsules] The amount of the first capsules 102 and the second capsules 103 mixed with the base material 101 is not particularly limited, but in order to reliably repair minute cracks without reducing the adhesive properties of the base material 101 as much as possible, it is preferable to mix the first capsules 102 and the second capsules 103 together at a ratio of 5% (V / V) (volume percent concentration, the same applies hereinafter) to 20% (V / V) of the base material 101, and more preferably 15% (V / V) to 20% (V / V). Furthermore, if the properties of the base material 101 are not affected or the effect is negligible, the first capsules 102 and the second capsules 103 may be mixed together at 20% (V / V) or more.

[0041] [Particle size of the first and second capsules] The particle size (capsule diameter) of the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 is preferably selected according to the size of the expected crack, and a capsule with a large particle size can be used when the expected crack is large, and a capsule with a small particle size can be used when the expected crack is small. Specifically, the particle size of the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 is preferably 2 to 10 times the size (width) of the expected crack, and more preferably 3 to 5 times.

[0042] [Use as a filler] The self-healing material 100 can be used as a filler in addition to an adhesive. FIGS. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of a mounting structure 150 using the self-healing material 100 as a filler. As shown in FIG. 7, the mounting structure 150 is composed of a substrate 151 and a component 152. An electrode 153 is provided on the substrate 151, and the component 152 is joined to the electrode 153 by a solder ball 154. The gap between the substrate 151 and the component 152 is, for example, 100 μm wide. The component 152 is, for example, a BGA (ball grid array) or a CSP (chip size package).

[0043] After mounting the component 152 on the substrate 151, as shown in FIG. 7, the self-repairing material 100 is supplied around the component 152, thereby filling the gap between the substrate 151 and the component 152 with the self-repairing material 100 as shown in FIG. 8. The self-repairing material 100 functions as an underfill that prevents damage to the solder balls 154 due to shocks such as dropping or exposure to heat or cold. FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of FIG. 8. As shown in the figure, the first capsule 102 and the second capsule 103 are prevented from flowing directly below the component 152 by the solder balls 154.

[0044] 10 and 11 are schematic diagrams showing the repair of a crack by the self-healing material 100. When a crack C occurs in the base material 101 as shown in FIG. 10, the ruptured first capsule 102 and second capsule 103 form a curing agent H, repairing the crack C, as shown in FIG. 11. This prevents further damage to the self-healing material 100 and allows it to maintain its function as an underfill. Note that the particle size of the first capsule 102 and second capsule 103 may be adjusted as needed so that they flow directly below the component 152 together with the base material 101.

[0045] The self-healing material 100 can be used as an underfill in fields such as mobile devices, outdoor devices, and medical devices (sterilized products), and more specifically, it can be used in commercial camcorders, mobile phones, medical-related devices, portable audio equipment, memory cards, automotive steel sheets, and transportation infrastructure. [Example]

[0046] [Study on the cleavage of the first and second outer shells] In the self-repairing material according to the present technology, an experiment was conducted to verify whether the first outer shell and the second outer shell would split open when a crack occurred in the base material.

[0047] 12 and 13 are schematic diagrams showing the experimental method. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, gelatin 202 was applied to a first glass slide 201. The thickness of the gelatin 202 was set to 100 μm. Furthermore, a specified amount of adhesive 203 was applied to the gelatin 202, and the first glass slide 201 and a second glass slide 204 were bonded together by the adhesive 203. The thickness of the adhesive 203 was set to the thickness when the second glass slide 204 was crushed by its own weight (approximately 5 g). The adhesive 203 was an epoxy-based adhesive or an acrylic-based adhesive.

[0048] After the adhesive 203 hardened, a force (50 mm / min) was applied to point P using a force gauge (manufactured by IMADA) to peel the first glass slide 201 and the second glass slide 204. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing the experimental results. As shown in the figure, when a predetermined force was applied, the gelatin 202 was broken (cohesive failure), and the first glass slide 201 and the second glass slide 204 were peeled off.

[0049] These results show that when the base material is made of an epoxy-based adhesive or an acrylic-based adhesive and the first and second outer shells are made of gelatin, the base material and the first and second outer shells are firmly bonded together, and the first and second outer shells will split open when a crack occurs.

[0050] For comparison, as shown in FIG. 15, a specified amount of adhesive 206 was applied to a first glass slide 205, and the first glass slide 205 and a second glass slide 207 were bonded together. The thickness of the adhesive 206 was determined to be the thickness when the second glass slide 207 was crushed by its own weight (approximately 5 g). The adhesive 206 was an epoxy-based adhesive or an acrylic-based adhesive. After the adhesive 206 hardened, a force was applied using a force gauge under the same conditions to peel the first glass slide 205 and the second glass slide 207 apart. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the experimental results. When a predetermined force was applied, the interface between the first glass slide 205 and the adhesive 206 peeled off, as shown in the figure.

[0051] These results show that when the base material is made of an epoxy-based adhesive or an acrylic-based adhesive and the first and second outer shells are made of glass, even if a crack occurs, the interfaces between the first and second outer shells and the base material peel off, and the first and second outer shells do not split open.

[0052] Table 2 below shows the measurement results. As shown in Table 2, measurements were taken three times for each sample. As a result, the gelatin 202 in the sample coated with gelatin 202 (VS. gelatin) underwent cohesive failure, while the sample not coated with gelatin 202 (VS. glass) underwent peeling at the interface with the first glass slide 205. From the above, it can be said that by firmly bonding the base material to the first and second outer shells depending on the type of material for the base material and the first and second outer shells, it is possible to reliably cleave the first and second outer shells when a crack occurs.

[0053] [Table 2]

[0054] [Considerations for restoration] An experiment was conducted in which test pieces made of the self-repairing material according to the present technology were fabricated and then self-repaired after being broken. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing this experiment. A test piece 300 was fabricated as shown in FIG. 17(a). The test piece 300 includes a base material 301, a first capsule 302, and a second capsule 303, and the base material 301 is hardened. The base material 301 is an acrylic adhesive. The first capsule 302 is a capsule with an SGA base agent enclosed in a gelatin shell, and the second capsule 303 is a capsule with an SGA hardener enclosed in a gelatin shell.

[0055] As shown in Figure 17(b), when the test piece 300 was broken and the fracture surface S was observed, it was confirmed that the first capsule 302 and the second capsule 303 had broken. When the fracture surfaces S were butted together and pressed together for a certain period of time as shown in Figure 17(c), they were repaired to the state before the break as shown in Figure 17(a). This was due to the reaction and hardening of the SGA base agent that had flowed out of the first capsule 302 and the SGA hardener that had flowed out of the second capsule 303.

[0056] [Consideration of crack length] A test piece made of the self-healing material according to the present technology was prepared, and an experiment was conducted in which temperature stress was applied. FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing this experiment. As shown in FIG. 18, test piece 400 was alternately cooled and heated to contract and expand. Cooling was performed at -196°C for 15 seconds, and heating was performed at +90°C for 2 minutes, resulting in a temperature difference of 286°C. Test piece 400 has the same configuration as test piece 300. As a comparative example, test piece 500 made only of the base material was prepared, and a similar temperature stress was applied. Cooling and heating were counted as one cycle, and the cumulative length of cracks (average of three cracks) was measured as the number of cycles increased.

[0057] The experimental results are shown in a graph in Figure 19. As shown in the figure, the cumulative length of cracks in the example (test piece 400) was significantly shorter than that in the comparative example (test piece 500), and the example had a lifespan six times longer than that of the comparative example in terms of temperature stress.

[0058] 20 is a schematic diagram showing the results of observing cracks in the comparative example (test piece 500). As shown in the figure, when a crack C occurs in test piece 500 due to temperature stress, the crack C extends as the number of cycles increases, and the cumulative length of the crack gradually increases.

[0059] On the other hand, Figure 21 is a schematic diagram showing the results of observing cracks in an example (test piece 400). As shown in the figure, when a crack C1 occurs in test piece 400 due to temperature stress, crack C1 is repaired by a self-repairing action. Thereafter, when subjected to temperature stress, another crack C2 occurs at a position different from crack C1. Similarly, even with an increase in the number of cycles, existing cracks do not extend and new cracks occur, thereby suppressing an increase in the cumulative length of the cracks. This is thought to be the reason why the example (test piece 400) achieved the result of significantly improving the lifespan with respect to temperature stress, as shown in Figure 19.

[0060] [Study on adhesive strength] Two pieces of glass were bonded using the self-healing material of this technology, and an experiment was conducted to measure the tensile shear force required for the self-healing material. The self-healing material was a base material made of an acrylic adhesive mixed with a first and second capsule. The first capsule was a capsule with a gelatin shell containing an SGA main agent, and the second capsule was a capsule with a gelatin shell containing an SGA hardener. The application area of ​​the self-healing material was 3 mm in diameter, and the combined amount of the first and second capsules was 20 wt% (weight percent concentration) of the base material.

[0061] For comparison, two pieces of glass were bonded using only a base material made of an acrylic adhesive, and the force required for tensile shear of the self-healing material was measured. The area of ​​the base material applied was 3 mm in diameter. Table 3 below shows the measurement results. As shown in Table 3, the self-healing material had the same adhesive strength as the base material, and the results showed that the adhesive strength did not decrease when the first and second capsules were added.

[0062] [Table 3]

[0063] [Study on coating properties] An experiment was conducted in which 1 mg of the self-healing material according to this technology was applied as one shot, and the total weight of the applied self-healing material was measured after 50 shots. The self-healing material was a mixture of a base material made of acrylic adhesive and first and second capsules. The first capsule was a capsule with an SGA main agent enclosed in a gelatin shell, and the second capsule was a capsule with an SGA hardener enclosed in a gelatin shell. The combined amount of the first and second capsules was 20 wt% (weight percent concentration) of the base material.

[0064] For comparison, only the base material made of acrylic adhesive was applied in 1 mg doses, and the total weight of the applied base material after 50 doses was measured. Table 4 below shows the measurement results. As shown in Table 4, the self-healing material had an application weight equivalent to that of the base material, and the application properties were not reduced by the addition of the first and second capsules.

[0065] [Table 4]

[0066] (About this disclosure) The effects described in this disclosure are merely examples and are not limiting, and other effects may also be present. The description of multiple effects above does not necessarily mean that these effects are exhibited simultaneously. It means that at least one of the effects described above can be obtained depending on the conditions, etc., and effects not described in this disclosure may also be exhibited. Furthermore, at least two of the characteristic features described in this disclosure can be arbitrarily combined.

[0067] The present technology can also be configured as follows. (1) A base material; a first capsule having a flexible first shell and a first fluid contained in the first shell, the first capsule being mixed with the base material; a second capsule having a flexible second shell and a second fluid contained in the second shell and hardening upon contact with the first material, the second capsule being mixed with the base material; A self-healing material comprising: (2) The self-repairing material according to (1) above, The first outer shell and the second outer shell are made of a material having an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or more and 85 MPa or less. Self-healing materials. (3) The self-repairing material according to (1) or (2) above, The first shell and the second shell are made of gelatin. Self-healing materials. (4) The self-repairing material according to (1) or (2) above, The first outer shell and the second outer shell are made of melamine. Self-healing materials. (5) The self-repairing material according to any one of (1) to (4) above, The first fluid is a second generation acrylic adhesive (SGA) based material, The second fluid is an SGA curing agent. Self-healing materials. (6) The self-repairing material according to any one of (1) to (5) above, The base material is joined to the first shell and the second shell. Self-healing materials. (7) The self-repairing material according to (6) above, the first shell and the second shell are made of gelatin, The base material is an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive. Self-healing materials. (8) The self-repairing material according to (6) above, the first outer shell and the second outer shell are made of melamine, The base material is an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive. Self-healing materials. (9) The self-repairing material according to any one of (1) to (8) above, The base material has a Shore D hardness of 60 or more. Self-healing materials. (10) The self-repairing material according to any one of (1) to (9) above, The total amount of the first capsule and the second capsule mixed with the base material is 5% (V / V) or more and 20% (V / V) or less. Self-healing materials. [Explanation of symbols]

[0068] 100…Self-healing material 101...Base material 102...1st capsule 103...2nd capsule 121...First outer shell 122…First fluid 131...Second outer shell 132…Second fluid

Claims

1. A base material; a first capsule having a first outer shell made of a material having an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or more and 85 MPa or less and capable of forming a chemical bond with the base material, and a first fluid enclosed in the first outer shell, the first capsule being mixed with the base material; a second capsule having a second outer shell made of a material having an elastic modulus of 20 MPa or more and 85 MPa or less and capable of forming a chemical bond with the base material; and a second fluid contained in the second outer shell and hardening upon contact with the first fluid, the second capsule being mixed with the base material; A self-healing material comprising:

2. 10. The self-repairing material of claim 1, The first shell and the second shell are made of gelatin. Self-healing materials.

3. 10. The self-repairing material of claim 1, The first outer shell and the second outer shell are made of melamine. Self-healing materials.

4. 10. The self-repairing material of claim 1, the first fluid is a second generation acrylic adhesive (SGA)-based agent, The second fluid is an SGA curing agent. Self-healing materials.

5. 10. The self-repairing material of claim 1, The base material is bonded to the first shell and the second shell. Self-healing materials.

6. 10. The self-repairing material of claim 1, the first shell and the second shell are made of gelatin, The base material is an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive. Self-healing materials.

7. 10. The self-repairing material of claim 1, the first outer shell and the second outer shell are made of melamine, The base material is an epoxy adhesive or an acrylic adhesive. Self-healing materials.

8. 10. The self-repairing material of claim 1, The base material has a Shore D hardness of 60 or more. Self-healing materials.

9. 10. The self-repairing material of claim 1, The total amount of the first capsules and the second capsules mixed with the base material is 5% (V / V) or more and 20% (V / V) or less. Self-healing materials.

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