pneumatic tires

Abstract

To provide a pneumatic tire that can provide less prominent recessed and projected portions on the outside surface of a side wall and provide improved appearance of the side wall.SOLUTION: Strip-shaped decorative patterns extending in a tire circumferential direction are formed on the outside surface of a side wall. The decorative patterns are formed such that unit patterns are repeatedly arranged in the tire circumferential direction. The unit patterns include first cross line patterns formed by two linear lines orthogonal to each other at a reference point set in a center region in a tire radial direction of the decorative patterns, and a first right-angled parallel patterns formed such that right-angled lines parallel to right-angles lines defining quadrants partitioned by the first cross line patterns are arranged in parallel in stripes in the respective quadrants.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a pneumatic tire having a strip-shaped decorative pattern formed on the outer surface of a sidewall. [Background technology]

[0002] Pneumatic tires are manufactured by vulcanizing a green tire formed by assembling various tire components. On the outer surface of the sidewall of a pneumatic tire, localized irregularities may appear at the joints of the band-shaped tire components (e.g., carcass), and such irregularities may cause a deterioration in the appearance quality of the tire.

[0003] To make such localized irregularities less noticeable, it is known to form a strip-shaped decorative pattern on the outer surface of the sidewall, as described, for example, in Patent Document 1. However, in recent years, there has been a demand for further improvements that not only make the irregularities less noticeable but also enhance the aesthetic appearance of the sidewall with decorative patterns. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-136487 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a pneumatic tire that can make unevenness on the outer surface of the sidewall less noticeable and improve the aesthetic appearance of the sidewall. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The pneumatic tire of the present disclosure includes: A strip-shaped decorative pattern is formed on the outer surface of the sidewall and extends along the tire circumferential direction, The decorative pattern is formed by repeatedly arranging unit patterns in the tire circumferential direction, The unit pattern is: a first cross pattern formed by two straight lines intersecting at right angles at a base point set in a central region of the decorative pattern in the tire radial direction; Each of the quadrants separated by the first cross-line pattern includes a first parallel perpendicular line pattern formed by arranging parallel perpendicular lines in a stripe pattern that are parallel to the perpendicular lines that define each quadrant. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a meridian cross-sectional view of a tire that schematically illustrates an example of a pneumatic tire according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a front view of a pneumatic tire according to an embodiment of the present invention, viewed from the tire axial direction. [Figure 3] Enlarged view showing part of the decorative pattern [Figure 4] Enlarged view showing unit pattern [Figure 5] (A) A diagram showing a first cross pattern, (B) a first parallel right-angled line pattern, and (C) a pattern obtained by overlapping these. [Figure 6] (A) A diagram showing a second cross pattern, (B) a second parallel right-angled line pattern, and (C) a pattern obtained by overlapping these. [Figure 7] (A) A diagram showing a third cross pattern, (B) a third parallel right-angled line pattern, and (C) a pattern obtained by overlapping these. [Figure 8] Cross-sectional view of Figure 5 taken along the arrow XX [Figure 9] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing modified examples of unit patterns; [Figure 10] 10A shows a second cross pattern, (B) a second parallel right-angled line pattern, and (C) a pattern obtained by overlapping these in a modified example of FIG. 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a pneumatic tire according to the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0009] 1, the pneumatic tire T includes a pair of bead portions 1, a pair of sidewalls 2 extending radially outward from each of the pair of bead portions 1, and a tread 3 continuing to radially outer ends of each of the pair of sidewalls 2. The tire T further includes a carcass 4 provided between the pair of bead portions 1, a belt layer 5 laminated on the radially outer side of the carcass 4, and an inner liner 6 disposed on the inner surface of the tire.

[0010] Here, the tire radial direction is the direction along the diameter of the tire T, and corresponds to the up-down direction in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, the upper side is the outer side in the tire radial direction, and the lower side is the inner side in the tire radial direction. The tire axial direction is the direction parallel to the rotation axis of the tire T, and corresponds to the left-right direction in FIG. 1. The side closer to the tire equatorial plane TE is the inner side in the tire axial direction, and the side away from the tire equatorial plane TE is the outer side in the tire axial direction. The tire circumferential direction is the direction around the rotation axis of the tire T.

[0011] An annular bead core 1a is embedded in the bead portion 1. The bead core 1a is formed by covering a bundle of steel wires or the like with rubber. A bead filler 1b is disposed radially outward of the bead core 1a. The bead filler 1b is formed of rubber with a triangular cross section that extends radially outward from the bead core 1a. A rim strip rubber 7 that forms the outer surface of the bead portion 1 is provided axially outward of the bead core 1a and bead filler 1b.

[0012] The carcass 4 extends in a toroidal shape, straddling the pair of bead portions 1. The carcass 4 is wound up from the inside to the outside in the tire axial direction, sandwiching the bead core 1a and the bead filler 1b. The carcass 4 is formed of a carcass ply formed by rubber-coating carcass cords. The carcass cords are aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the tire circumferential direction (for example, in a direction forming an angle of 75 to 90 degrees with respect to the tire circumferential direction). Axially outward of the carcass 4, a sidewall rubber 8 that forms the outer surface of the sidewall 2 is provided.

[0013] The belt layer 5 is formed by a plurality of belt plies 5a, 5b stacked on top of each other. Each of the belt plies 5a, 5b is formed by rubber-coating belt cords aligned in a direction inclined relative to the tire circumferential direction. The belt plies 5a, 5b are stacked such that the belt cords between them cross in opposite directions. A tread rubber 9 is provided on the outer side of the belt layer 5 in the tire radial direction. The tread rubber 9 is provided with grooves including circumferential grooves 9a, and a tread pattern is formed according to the required tire performance and usage conditions.

[0014] As shown in Fig. 2, a strip-shaped decorative pattern 20 extending along the tire circumferential direction is formed on the outer surface of the sidewall 2. For convenience of illustration, the decorative pattern 20 is depicted by being filled in gray in Fig. 2, but in reality, a pattern such as that shown in Fig. 3 is applied. In this embodiment, the decorative pattern 20 extends in an arc shape (non-annular) along the tire circumferential direction, but is not limited to this and may extend in an annular shape along the tire circumferential direction. The decorative pattern 20 is formed as an uneven pattern formed on the sidewall rubber 8 by vulcanization molding.

[0015] In this embodiment, the decorative pattern 20 is formed in a certain region in the tire radial direction that includes the tire maximum width position 2M. Therefore, the inner peripheral edge 20a of the decorative pattern 20 is positioned radially inward of the tire maximum width position 2M, and the outer peripheral edge 20b of the decorative pattern 20 is positioned radially outward of the tire maximum width position 2M. The tire maximum width position 2M is the position where the profile line of the sidewall 2 on the tire meridian plane is farthest from the tire equatorial plane TE in the tire axial direction. This profile line is the outline of the sidewall 2 excluding protrusions such as rim protectors.

[0016] FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing a portion of the decorative pattern 20. As shown in FIG. 3, the decorative pattern 20 is formed by repeatedly arranging unit patterns 30 in the tire circumferential direction. Boundary lines BL between unit patterns 30 and adjacent unit patterns 30 are imaginary lines that do not appear on an actual tire. The unit patterns 30 are arranged at equal intervals along the tire circumferential direction at a constant angle θ1. The angle θ1 is, for example, 3 to 6 degrees, and is 3.69 degrees in this embodiment. One unit pattern 30 is formed in each area defined by a pair of boundary lines BL that form the angle θ1 and the inner circumferential edge 20a and outer circumferential edge 20b extending between them.

[0017] FIG. 4 is an enlarged view showing a unit pattern 30. The unit pattern 30 is formed by overlapping a first cross line pattern 51 and a first parallel right-angle line pattern 52 shown in FIG. 5, a second cross line pattern 61 and a second parallel right-angle line pattern 62 shown in FIG. 6, and a third cross line pattern 71 and a third parallel right-angle line pattern 72 shown in FIG. 7. In other words, the unit pattern 30 is formed by overlapping the patterns shown in FIGS. 5(C), 6(C), and 7(C). As will be described later, the patterns shown in FIGS. 5(C), 6(C), and 7(C) have the same shape except for the angles around the base point P being different.

[0018] As described above, the unit pattern 30 includes a first cross line pattern 51 and a first parallel right-angle line pattern 52. FIG. 5 shows (A) the first cross line pattern 51, (B) the first parallel right-angle line pattern 52, and (C) a pattern formed by overlapping these. As shown in FIG. 5(A), the first cross line pattern 51 is formed by two straight lines 51x and 51y that intersect at right angles at a base point P set in the center region of the decorative pattern 20 in the tire radial direction. From the viewpoint of enhancing the design of the decorative pattern 20, the base point P is preferably set in a center region C1 (see FIG. 4) when the decorative pattern 20 is divided into thirds in the tire radial direction, and more preferably set in a center region C2 (see FIG. 4) when the decorative pattern 20 is divided into fifths.

[0019] Quadrants Q1 to Q4 are separated by a first cross-line pattern 51. Quadrant Q1 is separated by a right-angled line formed by a line extending from base point P to the upper left and a line extending from base point P to the upper right. As shown in FIG. 5(B), in quadrant Q1, right-angled lines parallel to the right-angled line separating quadrant Q1 are arranged in parallel stripes. Similarly, right-angled lines are also arranged in parallel stripes in quadrants Q2 to Q4. In this way, the first right-angled line parallel pattern 52 is formed in each of quadrants Q1 to Q4 separated by first cross-line pattern 51, by parallel stripes of right-angled lines parallel to the right-angled line separating each quadrant.

[0020] In the pneumatic tire T of this embodiment, the decorative pattern 20 is formed by repeatedly arranging unit patterns 30 including the first cross line pattern 51 and the first parallel right-angle line pattern 52 as described above, thereby making the unevenness of the outer surface of the sidewall 2 less noticeable. Also, around points where multiple lines intersect (such as the base point P or the vertices of the right-angle lines), areas with small gaps between the protrusions 21 (described later) are formed, changing the degree of diffuse reflection of light, and these areas appear dark (black). As a result, it is easy to create shades of black within the decorative pattern 20, improving the aesthetic appearance of the sidewall 2.

[0021] The two straight lines 51x, 51y forming the first cross line pattern 51 are both inclined relative to the tire radial direction. As a result, the lines forming the first parallel right-angle line pattern 52 are also inclined relative to the tire radial direction. Since localized irregularities caused by joints of tire constituent members such as the carcass 4 tend to appear along the tire radial direction, forming a pattern with lines inclined relative to the tire radial direction in this way can enhance the effect of making the irregularities less noticeable.

[0022] In this embodiment, the straight lines shown in FIG. 5 are formed by ridges 21 that protrude axially outward as shown in FIG. 8. The width W21 of the ridges 21 is, for example, 0.1 to 0.6 mm. The protrusion height H21 of the ridges 21 is, for example, 0.2 mm or more. The pitch P21 of the ridges 21 is, for example, 0.1 to 1.2 mm, and is 1.0 mm in this embodiment. This pitch P21 corresponds to the pitch of the right-angled lines arranged in parallel in a stripe pattern. Alternatively, the pitch P21 may correspond to the distance between the straight lines and the right-angled lines that form the crisscross pattern. The cross-sectional shape of the ridges 21 is triangular, but is not limited to this and may be other shapes such as rectangular, trapezoidal, or a triangle with rounded apexes.

[0023] In this embodiment, a band-shaped recess 22 recessed from the profile line is provided on the outer surface of the sidewall 2. In FIG. 8, the outer surface along the profile line is indicated by a dashed line. The decorative pattern 20 is formed within the recess 22, and the protrusion 21 protrudes from the bottom surface 22a of the recess 22. The inner peripheral edge 20a and the outer peripheral edge 20b are each formed by the wall surface of the recess 22. The depth D22 of the recess 22 is, for example, 0.2 to 1.5 mm. The protrusion height H21 of the protrusion 21 is smaller than the depth D22, but is not limited to this and may be the same as or greater than the depth D22. Furthermore, the protrusion 21 may protrude from the outer surface of the sidewall 2 along the profile line, rather than from the bottom surface 22a of the recess 22.

[0024] As described above, the unit pattern 30 includes a second cross-line pattern 61 and a second parallel right-angle line pattern 62. FIG. 6 shows (A) the second cross-line pattern 61, (B) the second parallel right-angle line pattern 62, and (C) a pattern formed by overlapping these. Also, in FIG. 6(A), the first cross-line pattern 51 is shown by a chain line. The second cross-line pattern 61 is formed by two straight lines 61x and 61y that intersect at a base point P and are angled at a different angle around the base point P than the first cross-line pattern 51. The second parallel right-angle line pattern 62 is formed in each quadrant separated by the second cross-line pattern 61 by parallel stripes of right-angle lines that are parallel to the right-angle lines that define each quadrant. The pattern in FIG. 6(C) is formed similarly to the pattern in FIG. 5(C), except that the angles around the base point P are different.

[0025] As described above, the unit pattern 30 includes a third cross-line pattern 71 and a third parallel right-angle line pattern 72. FIG. 7 shows (A) the third cross-line pattern 71, (B) the third parallel right-angle line pattern 72, and (C) a pattern formed by overlapping these. Also, in FIG. 7(A), the first cross-line pattern 51 and the second cross-line pattern 61 are shown by chain lines. The third cross-line pattern 71 is formed by two straight lines 71x and 71y that intersect at a base point P, and the angles around the base point P are different from those of the first cross-line pattern 51 and the second cross-line pattern 61. The third parallel right-angle line pattern 72 is formed by arranging parallel stripes of right-angle lines parallel to the right-angle lines that define each quadrant in each quadrant separated by the third cross-line pattern 71. The pattern in FIG. 7(C) is formed in the same manner as the pattern in FIG. 5(C), except that the angle around the base point P is different.

[0026] 7A, the two straight lines 51x and 51y forming the first crosshair pattern 51, the two straight lines 61x and 61y forming the second crosshair pattern 61, and the two straight lines 71x and 71y forming the third crosshair pattern 71 are all inclined with respect to the tire radial direction. As a result, the lines forming the first parallel perpendicular line pattern 52, the second parallel perpendicular line pattern 62, and the third parallel perpendicular line pattern 72 are also inclined with respect to the tire radial direction. This configuration can more effectively reduce the visibility of unevenness.

[0027] 4 and 7(A), the multiple lines that intersect at the base point P are arranged at equal angular intervals around the base point P. In this embodiment, six lines 51x, 51y, 61x, 61y, 71x, and 71y that intersect at the base point P are arranged at equal angular intervals, and the angle θ2 between any pair of adjacent lines is 30 degrees.

[0028] The first to third cross line patterns 51, 61, 71 and the first to third parallel right-angle line patterns 52, 62, 72 reach the inner peripheral edge 20a, the outer peripheral edge 20b, or the boundary line BL, respectively. As shown in Fig. 4, in this embodiment, a cross line pattern included in a unit pattern 30 is connected to a cross line pattern included in an adjacent unit pattern 30, and a parallel right-angle line pattern included in a unit pattern 30 is connected to a parallel right-angle line pattern included in an adjacent unit pattern 30. With this configuration, there is no discontinuity between the unit patterns 30, thereby improving the design of the decorative pattern 20.

[0029] In this embodiment, the boundary line BL is set at a midpoint between the base point P of one unit pattern 30 and the base point P of the adjacent unit pattern 30. That is, the boundary line BL is set at a position that is half the distance between the base points. However, this is not limited to this, and the boundary line BL may be located at a position that is shifted in the tire circumferential direction from the midpoint. Also, in this embodiment, the boundary line BL extends parallel to the tire radial direction, but this is not limited to this, and the boundary line BL may be inclined with respect to the tire radial direction. In addition, in this embodiment, the multiple base points P lined up in the tire circumferential direction are positioned in the same position in the tire radial direction, but this is not limited to this, and the positions in the tire radial direction may be different.

[0030] In this embodiment, an example is shown in which the unit pattern 30 includes a first cross line pattern 51 and a first parallel right-angle line pattern 52, a second cross line pattern 61 and a second parallel right-angle line pattern 62, and a third cross line pattern 71 and a third parallel right-angle line pattern 72. This configuration makes irregularities on the outer surface of the sidewall 2 less noticeable and is excellent in enhancing the aesthetic appearance of the sidewall 2. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and it is also possible to form the unit patterns as described below, for example.

[0031] The unit pattern 30 may include the first cross pattern 51 and the first parallel right-angled pattern 52. Therefore, the unit pattern 30 may include the pattern shown in FIG. 5(C) but not the patterns shown in FIGS. 6(C) and 7(C). In this case, two straight lines 51x and 51y intersecting at the base point P are arranged at equal angular intervals, and the angle θ3 (see FIG. 5) between the pair of adjacent straight lines is 90 degrees. Since the angle around the base point P is not particularly limited, the unit pattern 30 may include the pattern shown in FIG. 6(C) but not the patterns shown in FIGS. 5(C) and 7(C), or may include the pattern shown in FIG. 7(C) but not the patterns shown in FIGS. 5(C) and 6(C).

[0032] A possible variation of the unit pattern is the shape shown in Fig. 9. The unit pattern 80 shown in Fig. 9 has the same configuration as the unit pattern 30 described above, except for the configuration described below, so the following description will omit the commonalities and mainly focus on the differences. The same components as those described in the previous embodiment will be assigned the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

[0033] The unit pattern 80 is formed by overlapping the first cross-line pattern 51 and the first parallel right-angle line pattern 52 shown in FIG. 5 and the second cross-line pattern 91 and the second parallel right-angle line pattern 92 shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 10 shows (A) the second cross-line pattern 91, (B) the second parallel right-angle line pattern 92, and (C) a pattern formed by overlapping them. Also, in FIG. 10(A), the first cross-line pattern 51 is shown by a chain line. The second cross-line pattern 91 is formed by two straight lines 91x and 91y that intersect at right angles at a base point P, and has a different angle around the base point P from the first cross-line pattern 51. The second parallel right-angle line pattern 92 is formed by juxtaposing stripes of perpendicular lines parallel to the perpendicular lines that define each quadrant in each quadrant separated by the second cross-line pattern 91.

[0034] The pattern in FIG. 10(C) is formed similarly to the pattern in FIG. 5(C), except that the angles around the base point P are different. As shown in FIG. 10(A), the two straight lines 51x and 51y forming the first cross-line pattern 51 and the two straight lines 91x and 91y forming the second cross-line pattern 91 are both inclined with respect to the tire radial direction. Therefore, the lines forming the first parallel right-angled line pattern 52 and the second parallel right-angled line pattern 92 are also inclined with respect to the tire radial direction. This configuration effectively enhances the effect of making unevenness less noticeable. In this modification, the four straight lines 51x, 51y, 91x, and 91y that intersect at the base point P are arranged at equal angular intervals, and the angle θ4 formed by each pair of adjacent straight lines is 45 degrees.

[0035] As described above, the pneumatic tire of this embodiment includes a band-shaped decorative pattern 20 formed on the outer surface of the sidewall 2 and extending along the tire circumferential direction. The decorative pattern 20 is formed by repeatedly arranging unit patterns 30 in the tire circumferential direction. The unit patterns 30 include a first cross line pattern 51 formed by two straight lines 51x, 51y that intersect at right angles at a base point P set in the tire radial center region of the decorative pattern 20, and a first parallel right-angled line pattern 52 formed in each quadrant separated by the first cross line pattern by parallel stripes of right-angled lines that are parallel to the right-angled lines that define each quadrant. This configuration can make irregularities on the outer surface of the sidewall 2 less noticeable and improve the aesthetic appearance of the sidewall 2.

[0036] It is preferable that the two straight lines 51x, 51y forming the first cross pattern 51 are both inclined relative to the tire radial direction, thereby enhancing the effect of making irregularities on the outer surface of the sidewall 2 less noticeable.

[0037] Preferably, the unit pattern 30 further includes a second cross pattern 61 formed by two straight lines 61x, 61y that intersect at a base point P and that are angled about the base point P differently from the first cross pattern 51, and a second parallel right-angled line pattern 62 formed in each of the quadrants partitioned by the second cross pattern 61 by arranging parallel right-angled lines in a striped pattern parallel to the right-angled lines that define each quadrant. This configuration makes the irregularities on the outer surface of the sidewall 2 less noticeable and further enhances the aesthetic appearance of the sidewall 2.

[0038] Preferably, the unit pattern 30 further includes a third cross pattern 71 formed by two straight lines 71x, 71y that intersect at a base point P and that are angled about the base point P differently from both the first cross pattern 51 and the second cross pattern 61, and a third parallel right-angled line pattern 72 formed in each of the quadrants separated by the third cross pattern 71 by parallel stripes of right-angled lines that are parallel to the right-angled lines that define each quadrant. This configuration makes the irregularities on the outer surface of the sidewall 2 less noticeable and further enhances the aesthetic appearance of the sidewall 2.

[0039] It is preferable that the two straight lines 51x and 51y forming the first cross pattern 51, the two straight lines 61x and 61y forming the second cross pattern 61, and the two straight lines 71x and 71y forming the third cross pattern 71 are all inclined relative to the tire radial direction, thereby more effectively reducing the visibility of irregularities on the outer surface of the sidewall 2.

[0040] The pneumatic tire of the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements and modifications are possible within the scope of the spirit thereof. [Explanation of symbols]

[0041] 2 Sidewall 20 decorative patterns 30 unit patterns 51 First Cross Pattern 52 First Right-Angle Parallel Pattern 61 Second Crosshair Pattern 62 Second Right-Angle Parallel Pattern 71 Third Cross Pattern 72 Third Right-Angle Parallel Pattern 80 unit patterns 91 Second Crosshair Pattern 92 Second Right-Angle Parallel Pattern P base point

Claims

1. A strip-shaped decorative pattern is formed on the outer surface of the sidewall and extends along the tire circumferential direction, The decorative pattern is formed by repeatedly arranging unit patterns in the tire circumferential direction, The unit pattern is: a first cross pattern formed by two straight lines intersecting at right angles at a base point set in a central region of the decorative pattern in the tire radial direction; a first parallel perpendicular line pattern formed in each of the quadrants partitioned by the first cross line pattern by arranging parallel perpendicular lines in a stripe pattern, the parallel perpendicular lines being parallel to the perpendicular lines defining each quadrant; The straight lines forming the first cross pattern and the right-angled lines forming the first parallel right-angled pattern are formed by ridges protruding axially outward.

2. A band-shaped decorative pattern is formed on the outer surface of the sidewall and extends along the tire circumferential direction, The decorative pattern is formed by repeatedly arranging unit patterns in the tire circumferential direction, The unit pattern is: a first cross pattern formed by two straight lines intersecting at right angles at a base point set in a central region of the decorative pattern in the tire radial direction; and a first parallel perpendicular line pattern formed in each of the quadrants partitioned by the first cross line pattern by arranging only perpendicular lines parallel to the perpendicular lines defining each quadrant in a striped pattern.

3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the two straight lines forming the first cross pattern are both inclined relative to the tire radial direction.

4. The unit pattern further includes: a second cross pattern formed by two straight lines perpendicular to each other at the base point and having an angle around the base point different from that of the first cross pattern; The pneumatic tire according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: a second parallel right-angled line pattern formed in each of the quadrants partitioned by the second cross-line pattern, in which perpendicular lines parallel to the perpendicular lines defining each quadrant are arranged in parallel in a striped pattern.

5. The unit pattern further includes: a third cross pattern formed by two straight lines that intersect at right angles at the base point, and that has an angle around the base point that is different from that of both the first cross pattern and the second cross pattern; 5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 4, further comprising a third parallel perpendicular line pattern formed in each quadrant separated by the third cross line pattern by arranging parallel perpendicular lines in a striped pattern parallel to the perpendicular lines defining each quadrant.

6. 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5, wherein the two straight lines forming the first cross pattern, the two straight lines forming the second cross pattern, and the two straight lines forming the third cross pattern are all inclined with respect to the tire radial direction.

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