Systems and methods for reporting and beam management using artificial intelligence

Abstract

A system and method for reporting and beam management using artificial intelligence are presented. A wireless communication device may receive configurations for multiple downlink (DL) reference signals (RS) from a wireless communication node. The wireless communication device may receive at least one of the multiple DL RSs. The wireless communication device may transmit a report to the wireless communication node. In one embodiment, the report includes a timestamp, the timestamp comprising an indication of a time instance, a time unit, a symbol index, a slot index, a subframe index, a frame index, a transmission opportunity index, or a duration for a time instance associated with the report.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, including, but not limited to, systems and methods for reporting and beam management using artificial intelligence. [Background technology]

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®), a standards organization, is currently defining a new radio interface called 5G New Radio (5G NR) and the Next Generation Packet Core Network (NG-CN or NGC). 5G NR has three main components: the 5G Access Network (5G-AN), the 5G Core Network (5GC), and the User Equipment (UE). To facilitate the enablement of different data services and requirements, the elements of the 5GC, also known as network functions, have been simplified; some of them are software-based and some are hardware-based, so that they can be adapted as needed. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are intended to solve one or more problems associated with the prior art and to provide additional features that will become readily apparent from a review of the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In accordance with various embodiments, exemplary systems, methods, devices, and computer program products are disclosed herein. However, these embodiments are presented by way of example, not limitation, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be made while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0004] At least one aspect relates to a system, a method, an apparatus, or a computer-readable medium. A wireless communication device may receive a configuration for a plurality of downlink (DL) reference signals (RSs) from a wireless communication node. The wireless communication device may receive at least one of the plurality of DL RSs. The wireless communication device may transmit a report to the wireless communication node.

[0005] In some embodiments, the report may include a timestamp including an indication of a time instance, a time unit, a symbol index, a slot index, a subframe index, a frame index, a transmission opportunity index, or a duration relative to a time instance associated with the report. In some embodiments, at least one of the time difference information, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, RS index, group information, or channel quality parameters in the report may be associated with or determined according to the timestamp. In some embodiments, the report may include time difference information including at least one of a time difference between receive timing and transmit timing, a reference signal time difference, a time difference between receive timing and reference timing, or a time difference between transmit timing and reference timing. In some embodiments, the time difference between receive timing and transmit timing is defined from the perspective of the wireless communication device, or T UE-RX -T UE-TX is defined as, or T UE-TX -T UE-RX In some embodiments, T UE-RX may be the reception timing in DL time units. UE-TX may be the transmission timing in uplink (UL) time units.

[0006] In some embodiments, a DL time unit may refer to a time unit for receiving DL RSs from multiple DL RSs. In some embodiments, a UL time unit may refer to a time unit for transmitting a UL RS. In some embodiments, T UE-RX may be defined by the path detected first in time, or the path with the strongest received power in time. In some embodiments, the UL time unit may be closest in time to the DL time unit. In some embodiments, the reference signal time difference (RSTD) is defined from the perspective of the wireless communication device, or T Rxj -T Rxi or T Rxi -T Rxj In some embodiments, T Rxj T may be the time at which the wireless communication device receives the first DL RS, or a time unit corresponding to the first DL RS. Rxi may be a time at which the wireless communication device receives the second DL RS, or one time unit corresponding to the second DL RS. In some embodiments, the time unit corresponding to the second DL RS may be closest in time to the time unit corresponding to the first DL RS. In some embodiments, the transmit timing may correspond to a time unit for transmitting an uplink (UL) signal. In some embodiments, the receive timing may correspond to a time unit for receiving a DL signal. In some embodiments, the reference timing may correspond to a reference time unit. In some embodiments, the time difference information may be determined using at least one of a mod function, a scaling factor, a reference time unit, a timing advance value, a time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing, a reference signal time difference, a time difference between the receive timing and the reference timing, or a time difference between the transmit timing and the reference timing.

[0007] In some embodiments, the time difference information may be determined according to one of: (reference time unit) - (timing advance value) + (time difference between receive timing and transmit timing), ((time difference between receive timing and transmit timing) - (timing advance value)) mod (reference time unit), (reference time unit) - (timing advance value) * (scaling factor) + (time difference between receive timing and transmit timing), or (time difference between receive timing and transmit timing) mod (reference time unit). In some embodiments, the scaling factor may be configured in a radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control (MAC-CE). In some embodiments, the scaling factor may be 1 / 2, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, the timing advance value may be configured for uplink transmission timing adjustment. In some embodiments, the report may include at least one of an average delay, a delay spread, a Doppler shift, or a Doppler spread determined according to a DL RS that refers to at least one DL RS of the plurality of DL RSs or reported in the report. In some embodiments, the report may include at least one RS index including at least one of an RS resource index, an RS resource set index, an RS resource configuration index, or a report configuration index, where the at least one RS index is associated with a timestamp, time difference information, an average delay, a delay spread, a Doppler shift, or a Doppler spread. In some embodiments, if the time difference information includes a time difference between a receive timing and a transmit timing, a time difference between a receive timing and a reference timing, or a time difference between a transmit timing and a reference timing, the time difference information may be associated with one of the at least one RS index. In some embodiments, if the time difference information includes a reference signal time difference, the time difference information may be associated with two or more RS indexes of the at least one RS index.

[0008] In some embodiments, multiple DL RSs corresponding to multiple RS indices may be received simultaneously or may be associated with the same group information. In some embodiments, multiple DL RSs corresponding to multiple RS indices may be associated with different group information. In some embodiments, the report may include group information associated with at least one of a timestamp, time difference information, average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, or Doppler spread. In some embodiments, the report may include channel quality parameters including a reference signal received power (RSRP), a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a layer indicator (LI), or a rank indicator (RI). In some embodiments, the report may include uplink control information (UCI), channel state information (CSI), or a medium access control element (MAC-CE). In some embodiments, the report may include CSI Part 1. In some embodiments, a MAC-CE may take precedence over at least one of a configuration grant confirmation MAC CE or beam failure recovery (BFR) MAC CE or a multi-entry configuration grant confirmation MAC CE, a sidelink configuration grant confirmation MAC CE, a listen-before-talk (LBT) failure MAC CE, a MAC CE for sidelink buffer status reporting (SL-BSR) priority, a MAC CE for a BSR excluding a BSR included for padding, a single-entry power headroom (PHR) MAC CE or a multi-entry PHR MAC CE, a MAC CE for the number of desired guard symbols, a MAC CE for a preemptive BSR, a MAC CE for a SL-BSR, data from any logical channel excluding data from the uplink common control channel (UL-CCCH), a MAC CE for a recommended bit rate query, a MAC CE for a BSR included for padding, or a MAC CE for a SL-BSR included for padding.In some embodiments, a MAC-CE may be deprioritized on at least one of the following channels: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) MAC CE or data from UL-CCCH, Configuration Grant Confirmation MAC CE or BFR MAC CE or multi-entry, Configuration Grant Confirmation MAC CE, Sidelink Configuration Grant Confirmation MAC CE, LBT Failure MAC CE, MAC CE for SL-BSR priority, MAC CE for BSR excluding BSR included for padding, single-entry PHR MAC CE or multi-entry PHR MAC CE, MAC CE for desired number of guard symbols, MAC CE for pre-emptive BSR, MAC CE for SL-BSR, data from any logical channel excluding data from UL-CCCH, MAC CE for recommended bit rate query, or MAC CE for BSR included for padding.

[0009] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may transmit a report to the wireless communication node in response to a trigger condition. In some embodiments, the trigger condition may include expiration of a timer, and an initial value for the timer is a specific value configured by radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control (MAC-CE) signaling. In some embodiments, the trigger condition may include when a channel quality parameter corresponding to a first DL RS is equal to or greater than a threshold, or when a difference in values ​​of the channel quality parameter between the first DL RS and the second DL RS is equal to or greater than a threshold, or when a channel quality parameter corresponding to the first DL RS is equal to or less than a threshold, or when a difference in values ​​of the channel quality parameter between the first DL RS and the second DL RS is equal to or less than a threshold. In some embodiments, the first DL RS may be included in the report, and the second DL RS may be included in the report or a previous report. In some embodiments, the threshold may be determined according to a value configured by RRC or MAC-CE signaling and / or a channel quality parameter in the report or a previous report. In some embodiments, the channel quality parameter may include at least one of a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), a Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (SINR), a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Block Error Rate (BLER), or a Bit Error Rate (BER). In some embodiments, the trigger condition may be determined according to the channel quality parameter or measurement results within a certain period of time. In some embodiments, the start point of the period or the length of the period may be determined according to a value configured by RRC or MAC CE signaling. In some embodiments, the period may be determined to be the maximum or minimum value between the period of one DL RS among the multiple DL RSs and a defined number of time units. In some embodiments, the period may be determined to be the shortest or longest period of any DL RS among the multiple DL RSs.

[0010] In some embodiments, the report may include N DL RSs, where N is a positive integer. In some embodiments, the DL RS with the best metric at a given timestamp may be reported in the report, and one of the N DL RSs may be associated with the timestamp. In some embodiments, the N DL RSs may be selected from multiple DL RSs, and the configuration may be configured by radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control element (MAC-CE) signaling. In some embodiments, the second RS in the report may be selected from multiple DL RSs according to a previous report or a first RS included in the report. In some embodiments, if a first DL RS is included in the report, the first DL RS may be associated with an earlier timestamp or a smaller index corresponding to the timestamp. In some embodiments, the initial DL RS to be measured may be determined according to the DL RS for determining quasi-co-location (QCL) hypotheses for the downlink data channel or the downlink control channel. In some embodiments, the initial DL RS may be configured by RRC or MAC-CE signaling, or by the DL RS with the lowest or highest index (ID) in the pool. In some embodiments, the association between the DL RS or its time unit and the UL RS or its time unit may be indicated by downlink control information (DCI), radio resource control (RRC), or medium access control control element (MAC-CE) signaling. In some embodiments, a beam state may apply to both the DL RS and the UL RS. In some embodiments, the UL RS may be associated with the same spatial relationship or the same beam as the DL RS. In some embodiments, one DCI may trigger transmission of both the DL RS and the UL RS. In some embodiments, the spatial relationship or beam of the UL RS may be determined based on the DL RS. In some embodiments, the configuration may be associated with the first reporting quantity.In some embodiments, the CSI request codepoint in the DCI may be associated with a DL RS resource set and a UL RS resource set, may be associated with both a CSI trigger state and a UL RS trigger state, or may be associated with both a CSI trigger state and a UL RS resource set. In some embodiments, the CSI trigger state indicated by the DCI may be associated with a resource set including a UL RS. In some embodiments, at least one DL RS resource in a DL RS resource set may be quasi-colocated (QCLed) or may be associated with the same transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state or the same quasi-colocation (QCL) type RS. In some embodiments, at least one UL RS resource in a UL RS resource set may be QCLed or may be associated with the same TCI state or the same spatial relationship. In some embodiments, a DL RS may include a DL RS resource set. In some embodiments, a UL RS may include one or more UL resource sets, and at least one DL RS resource in the DL RS resource set may be divided into S DL RS resource subsets.

[0011] In some embodiments, the beam state may be indicated by DCI, MAC-CE, or RRC. In some embodiments, the DCI may comprise DCI Format 0_0, DCI Format 0_1, or DCI Format 0_2. In some embodiments, the time difference information may be included in a report carried in an UL channel initialized by the DCI. In some embodiments, the DL RS may comprise a Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS), where the CSI-RS is associated with a repetition parameter or a trs-info parameter. In some embodiments, the UL RS may include a Sounding RS (SRS). In some embodiments, the DL RS resources in a DL RS resource subset may be QCLed or associated with the same TCI state or the same QCL type RS. In some embodiments, one of at least one UL RS resource set may be mapped to a DL RS resource subset by DCI, MAC-CE, or RRC signaling. In some embodiments, the spatial relationship or path loss RS corresponding to one of the at least one UL RS resource set may be determined according to the associated DL RS, the associated DL RS subgroup, or the DL RS or DL ​​RS subgroup in the report. In some embodiments, the UL RS may not be configured with at least one of the spatial relationship or path loss RS. In some embodiments, the association between the first DL RS or its time unit and the second DL RS or its time unit may be indicated by downlink control information (DCI), radio resource control (RRC), or medium access control control element (MAC-CE) signaling.

[0012] In some embodiments, a channel state information (CSI) request code point in a DCI may be associated with two or more DL RS resource groups. In some embodiments, a first DL RS may be selected from a first DL RS group, and a second DL RS may be selected from a second DL RS group. In some embodiments, one DCI may trigger both a first DL RS and a second DL RS. In some embodiments, a configuration may be associated with a second reporting quantity. In some embodiments, DL RS resources in the first DL RS group or the second DL RS group may be quasi-colocated (QCLed) or associated with the same beam or the same quasi-colocated (QCL) type RS. In some embodiments, a DCI may comprise DCI Format 0_0, DCI Format 0_1, or DCI Format 0_2. In some embodiments, time difference information may be included in a report carried in an UL channel initialized by the DCI, MAC-CE, or RRC. In some embodiments, the DL RS may comprise a channel state information RS (CSI-RS), which may be associated with a repetition parameter or a trs-info parameter.

[0013] At least one aspect relates to a system, a method, an apparatus, or a computer-readable medium. A wireless communication node may transmit a configuration for a plurality of downlink (DL) reference signals (RS) to a wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may receive at least one of the plurality of DL RSs. The wireless communication node may receive a report from the wireless communication device.

[0014] The systems and methods presented herein include novel reporting techniques for wireless communication devices to enable artificial intelligence (AI)-driven beam management. The current reporting mechanism used by wireless communication devices (e.g., by wireless communication nodes) to predict subsequent beam transitions in a given period (e.g., one second or more) can be enhanced / improved by using additional assistance information (e.g., timestamps of beam switches within a candidate beam pool, physical propagation delays (such as RRT and / or TDOA), Doppler shifts, and / or UE Rx beams / panels). The additional assistance information can be reported along with other parameters, such as legacy beam / CSI-related parameters (e.g., Tx beam / DL RS ID and / or RSRP / SINR). Event-driven procedures and / or reporting priority techniques can be considered for reporting formats (e.g., DCI and / or MAC-CE). The considered reporting formats can save / reduce reporting overhead and can be suitable for training AI and / or artificial neural network (ANN) models. The present invention provides, for example, the following. (Item 1) 1. A method, comprising: receiving, by a wireless communication device, configurations for a plurality of downlink (DL) reference signals (RS) from a wireless communication node; receiving, by the wireless communication device, at least one of the plurality of DL RSs; transmitting, by the wireless communication device, a report to the wireless communication node; A method comprising: (Item 2) Item 1. The method of item 1, wherein the report includes a timestamp, the timestamp comprising an indication of a time instance, a time unit, a symbol index, a slot index, a subframe index, a frame index, a transmission opportunity index, or a duration for the time instance associated with the report. (Item 3) Item 3. The method of item 2, wherein at least one of time difference information, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, RS index, group information, or channel quality parameters in the report is associated with or determined according to the timestamp. (Item 4) The report includes time difference information, the time difference information being The time difference between the reception timing and the transmission timing, Reference signal time difference, The time difference between the received timing and the reference timing, or The time difference between the transmission timing and the reference timing Item 1. The method according to item 1, comprising at least one of the following: (Item 5) The time difference between the reception timing and the transmission timing is defined in terms of said wireless communication device; and / or T UE-RX -T UE-TX or T UE-TX -T UE-RX is defined as where T UE-RX is the reception timing in DL time units, T UE-TX 5. The method of claim 4, wherein ≡ is the transmission timing in uplink (UL) time units. (Item 6) The DL time unit refers to a time unit for receiving DL RSs from the plurality of DL RSs; The UL time unit refers to a time unit for transmitting an UL RS, T UE-RX is defined by the path detected first in time, or the path with the strongest received power in time, or Item 6. The method of item 5, wherein the UL time unit is closest in time to the DL time unit. (Item 7) The reference signal time difference (RSTD) is defined in terms of a wireless communication device, and / or T Rxj -T Rxi or T Rxi -T Rxj is defined as where T Rxj is a time during which the wireless communication device receives a first DL RS or one time unit corresponding to the first DL RS; T Rxi 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the time period during which the wireless communication device receives a second DL RS or one time unit corresponding to the second DL RS. (Item 8) 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the time unit corresponding to the second DL RS is closest in time to the time unit corresponding to the first DL RS. (Item 9) the transmission timing corresponds to a time unit for transmitting an uplink (UL) signal; The reception timing corresponds to a time unit for receiving the DL signal, or 5. The method according to item 4, wherein the reference timing corresponds to a reference time unit. (Item 10) Item 5. The method of item 4, wherein the time difference information is determined using at least one of a mod function, a scaling factor, a reference time unit, a timing advance value, the time difference between receive timing and transmit timing, the reference signal time difference, the time difference between receive timing and reference timing, or the time difference between transmit timing and reference timing. (Item 11) The time difference information is (the reference time unit)-(the timing advance value)+(the time difference between the reception timing and the transmission timing), ((the time difference between the reception timing and the transmission timing) - (the timing advance value)) mod (the reference time unit), (the reference time unit)-(the timing advance value)*(the scaling factor)+(the time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing), or (the time difference between the reception timing and the transmission timing) mod (the reference time unit) Item 11. The method according to item 10, wherein the temperature is determined according to one of the following: (Item 12) the scaling factor is configured by a Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control (MAC-CE) control element, or the scaling factor is 1 / 2, 1 or 2; and / or Item 11. The method of item 10, wherein the timing advance value is configured for uplink transmission timing adjustment. (Item 13) Item 1, wherein the report includes at least one of an average delay, a delay spread, a Doppler shift, or a Doppler spread, and the at least one is determined according to a DL RS that indicates at least one DL RS among the plurality of DL RSs, or is reported in the report. (Item 14) Item 14. The method of item 1, 2, 4, or 13, wherein the report includes at least one RS index, wherein the at least one RS index comprises at least one of an RS resource index, an RS resource set index, an RS resource configuration index, or a report configuration index, and the at least one RS index is associated with the timestamp, the time difference information, the average delay, the delay spread, the Doppler shift, or the Doppler spread. (Item 15) and / or, if the time difference information comprises a time difference between a receive timing and a transmit timing, a time difference between a receive timing and a reference timing, or a time difference between a transmit timing and a reference timing, the time difference information is associated with one of the at least one RS index; and / or Item 15. The method of item 14, wherein if the time difference information comprises a reference signal time difference, the time difference information is associated with two or more RS indices of the at least one RS index. (Item 16) Item 16. The method of item 15, wherein multiple DL RSs corresponding to the multiple RS indexes can be received simultaneously or associated with the same group information. (Item 17) Item 16. The method of item 15, wherein multiple DL RSs corresponding to the multiple RS indexes can be associated with different group information. (Item 18) Item 10. The method of item 1, wherein the report includes group information associated with at least one of a timestamp, time difference information, average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, or Doppler spread. (Item 19) Item 1, wherein the report includes a channel quality parameter, the channel quality parameter comprising a reference signal received power (RSRP), a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a layer indicator (LI), or a rank indicator (RI). (Item 20) Item 1, wherein the report comprises uplink control information (UCI), channel state information (CSI), or medium access control element (MAC-CE). (Item 21) The report includes CSI Part 1, and / or The MAC-CE may be configured to: Configuration Authorization Confirmation MAC CE or Beam Failure Recovery (BFR) MAC CE or Multi-entry Configuration Authorization Confirmation MAC CE, Sidelink configuration authorization confirmation MAC CE, Listen Before Talk (LBT) failure MAC CE, MAC CE for Sidelink Buffer Status Reporting (SL-BSR) priority, MAC CE for BSR, excluding BSR included for padding Single-entry Power Headroom (PHR) MAC CE or multi-entry PHR MAC CE, MAC CE for the desired number of guard symbols, MAC CE for preemptive BSR, MAC CE for SL-BSR, Data from any logical channel except data from the Uplink Common Control Channel (UL-CCCH); MAC CE for recommended bitrate query, The MAC CE for the BSR included for padding, or MAC CE for SL-BSR included for padding and / or The MAC-CE may be configured to: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) MAC data from CE or UL-CCCH; Configuration permission confirmation MAC CE or BFR MAC CE or multi-entry, Configuration permission check MAC CE, Sidelink configuration authorization confirmation MAC CE, LBT failed MAC CE, MAC CE for SL-BSR priority, MAC CE for BSR, excluding BSR included for padding Single-entry PHR MAC CE or multi-entry PHR MAC CE, MAC CE for the desired number of guard symbols, MAC CE for preemptive BSR, MAC CE for SL-BSR, Data from any logical channel except data from UL-CCCH, MAC CE for recommended bitrate query, or MAC CE for BSR included for padding 21. The method according to item 20, wherein the priority of the first parameter is lower than that of at least one of the first parameter and the second parameter. (Item 22) Item 10. The method of item 1, comprising transmitting the report by the wireless communication device to the wireless communication node in response to a trigger condition. (Item 23) 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the trigger condition comprises the expiration of a timer, and an initial value for the timer is a specific value configured by radio resource control (RRC) or medium access control control element (MAC-CE) signaling. (Item 24) The trigger condition is: If the channel quality parameter corresponding to the first DL RS is equal to or greater than a threshold, or the difference in the value of the channel quality parameter between the first DL RS and the second DL RS is equal to or greater than a threshold, or If the channel quality parameter corresponding to the first DL RS is equal to or less than a threshold, or the difference in the value of the channel quality parameter between the first DL RS and the second DL RS is equal to or less than a threshold. Equipped with the first DL RS is included in the report, and the second DL RS is included in the report or a previous report; the threshold is determined according to a value configured by RRC or MAC CE signaling and / or a channel quality parameter in the report or a previous report, or 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the channel quality parameters include at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a block error rate (BLER), and a bit error rate (BER). (Item 25) The trigger condition is determined according to a channel quality parameter or measurement result within a certain period of time; the start of said period or the length of said period is determined according to a value configured by RRC or MAC CE signaling; and / or The duration is determined to be a maximum or minimum value between a duration of one DL RS of the plurality of DL RSs and a defined number of time units; and / or 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the period is determined to be the shortest or longest period among the DL RSs of the plurality of DL RSs. (Item 26) the report includes N DL RSs, where N is a positive integer; The DL RS with the best metric at a given timestamp is reported in the report, one of the N DL RSs being associated with the timestamp; and / or the N DL RSs are selected from the plurality of DL RSs, and the configuration is configured by Radio Resource Control (RRC) or Medium Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling; and / or Item 10. The method of item 1, wherein the second RS in the report is selected from the plurality of DL RSs according to a previous report or a first RS included in the report. (Item 27) If the first DL RS is included in the report, the first DL RS is associated with an earlier timestamp or a lower index corresponding to the timestamp; The initial DL RS to be measured is determined according to the DL RS for determining a Quasi-Collocation (QCL) assumption of a downlink data channel or a downlink control channel; or The initial DL RS is configured by RRC or MAC-CE signaling, or by the DL RS with the lowest or highest index (ID) in the pool. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising: (Item 28) Item 7. The method of item 6, wherein the association between the DL RS or its time unit and the UL RS or its time unit is indicated by downlink control information (DCI), radio resource control (RRC), or medium access control control element (MAC-CE) signaling. (Item 29) beam conditions are applied to both the DL RS and the UL RS; and / or the UL RS is associated with the same spatial relationship or the same beam as the DL RS; and / or one DCI to trigger transmission of both the DL RS and the UL RS; and / or The spatial relationship or beam of the UL RS is determined based on the DL RS; and / or The configuration is associated with a first reporting quantity; and / or a CSI request codepoint in the DCI is associated with a resource set of the DL RS and a resource set of the UL RS, or is associated with both a CSI trigger state and a UL RS trigger state, or is associated with both a CSI trigger state and the resource set of the UL RS; and / or The CSI trigger state indicated by the DCI is associated with a resource set including the UL RS; and / or At least one DL RS resource in the DL RS resource set is quasi-colocated (QCLed) or associated with the same transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state or the same quasi-colocation (QCL) type RS; and / or At least one UL RS resource in the UL RS resource set should be QCLed or associated with the same TCI state or the same spatial relationship; and / or 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the DL RS comprises a DL RS resource set, the UL RS comprises one or more UL resource sets, and at least one DL RS resource in the DL RS resource set can be divided into S DL RS resource subsets. (Item 30) The beam state is indicated by the DCI, the MAC-CE, or the RRC, and / or the DCI comprises DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or DCI format 0_2; and / or the time difference information is included in the report carried in the uplink channel initialized by the DCI; and / or the DL RS comprises a Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS), the CSI-RS being associated with a repetition parameter or a trs-info parameter; and / or 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the UL RS comprises a sounding RS (SRS). (Item 31) The DL RS resources in the DL RS resource subset should be QCLed or associated with the same TCI state or the same QCL type RS; and / or One of the at least one UL RS resource set is mapped to the DL RS resource subset by DCI, MAC-CE, or RRC signaling; and / or The spatial relationship or path loss RS corresponding to one of the at least one UL RS resource set is determined according to an associated DL RS, an associated DL RS subgroup, or a DL RS or DL ​​RS subgroup in the report; and / or 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the UL RS does not consist of at least one of a spatial relationship or a path loss RS. (Item 32) Item 8. The method of item 7, wherein the association between the first DL RS or its time unit and the second DL RS or its time unit is indicated by downlink control information (DCI), radio resource control (RRC), or medium access control control element (MAC-CE) signaling. (Item 33) The channel state information (CSI) request codepoint in the DCI is associated with two or more DL RS resource groups; and / or the first DL RS is selected from a first DL RS group and the second DL RS is selected from a second DL RS group; and / or one DCI is for triggering both the first DL RS and the second DL RS; and / or Item 33. The method of item 32, wherein the configuration is associated with a second reporting quantity. (Item 34) The DL RS resources in the first or second DL RS group should be quasi-colocated (QCLed) or associated with the same beam state or the same quasi-colocated (QCL) type RS; and / or the DCI comprises DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or DCI format 0_2; and / or the time difference information is included in the report carried in the DCI, the MAC-CE, or an UL channel initiated by the RRC; and / or Item 34. The method of item 33, wherein the DL RS comprises a channel state information RS (CSI-RS), and the CSI-RS is associated with a repetition parameter or a trs-info parameter. (Item 35) 1. A method, comprising: transmitting, by a wireless communication node, a configuration for a plurality of downlink (DL) reference signals (RS) to a wireless communication device, the wireless communication device receiving at least one of the plurality of DL RSs; receiving, by the wireless communication node, a report from the wireless communication device; A method comprising: (Item 36) 36. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of items 1 to 35. (Item 37) 36. An apparatus comprising at least one processor configured to perform the method of any one of items 1 to 35. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] Various exemplary embodiments of the present solution are described in detail below with reference to the following figures or drawings. The drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and merely depict exemplary embodiments of the present solution to facilitate the reader's understanding of the present solution. Therefore, the drawings should not be considered as limiting the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present solution. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of explanation, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary cellular communication network in which the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0017] [Figure 2] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example base station and user equipment device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0018] [Figure 3]FIG. 3 illustrates an example scenario with a high-speed vehicle and one or more remote radio heads (RRHs) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] [Figure 4] FIG. 4 illustrates exemplary measurements of beam dwell time for a given wireless communication node antenna configuration in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] [Figure 5] 5-6 illustrate exemplary approaches for predictable beam management according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] 5-6 illustrate exemplary approaches for predictable beam management according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021] [Figure 7] FIG. 7 illustrates an example approach for event-driven wireless communication device reporting for beam switching according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] [Figure 8] FIG. 8 illustrates an example approach for group information specific reporting according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] [Figure 9] 9(a)-9(b) illustrate example approaches for round trip time (RTT) related reporting according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] [Figure 10] 10-11 illustrate example approaches for reporting time difference information according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] 10-11 illustrate example approaches for reporting time difference information according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] [Figure 12] FIG. 12 illustrates an example approach for reporting time difference information according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] [Figure 13] FIG. 13 illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary method for reporting and beam management using artificial intelligence according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] (1. Mobile Communications Technology and the Environment) 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless communication network and / or system 100 in which the techniques disclosed herein according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. In the following description, the wireless communication network 100 may be any wireless network, such as a cellular network or a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) network, and is referred to herein as “network 100.” Such exemplary network 100 includes a base station 102 (hereinafter “BS 102”; also referred to as a wireless communication node) and a user equipment device 104 (hereinafter “UE 104”; also referred to as a wireless communication device) that can communicate with each other via a communication link 110 (e.g., a wireless communication channel), and clusters of cells 126, 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 that overlap a geographic region 101. In FIG. 1, the BS 102 and the UE 104 are contained within the respective geographic boundaries of the cell 126. Each of the other cells 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, and 140 may include at least one base station operating in its assigned bandwidth to provide adequate wireless coverage to intended users.

[0028] For example, the BS 102 may operate within an assigned channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate coverage to the UE 104. The BS 102 and the UE 104 may communicate via downlink radio frames 118 and uplink radio frames 124, respectively. Each radio frame 118 / 124 may be further divided into subframes 120 / 127, which may include data symbols 122 / 128. In this disclosure, the BS 102 and the UE 104 are generally described herein as non-limiting examples of "communication nodes" capable of implementing the methods disclosed herein. Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and / or wired communication in accordance with various embodiments of the present solution.

[0029] 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless communication system 200 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals (e.g., OFDM / OFDMA signals) in accordance with some embodiments of the present solution. System 200 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operational features that need not be described in detail herein. In one exemplary embodiment, system 200 may be used to communicate (e.g., transmit and receive) data symbols in a wireless communication environment, such as wireless communication environment 100 of FIG. 1, as described above.

[0030] The system 200 generally includes a base station 202 (hereinafter "BS 202") and a user equipment device 204 (hereinafter "UE 204"). The BS 202 includes a BS (base station) transceiver module 210, a BS antenna 212, a BS processor module 214, a BS memory module 216, and a network communication module 218, each of which is coupled and interconnected as needed via a data communication bus 220. The UE 204 includes a UE (user equipment) transceiver module 230, a UE antenna 232, a UE memory module 234, and a UE processor module 236, each of which is coupled and interconnected as needed via a data communication bus 240. The BS 202 communicates with the UE 204 over a communication channel 250, which can be any wireless channel or other medium suitable for the transmission of data as described herein.

[0031] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, system 200 may further include any number of modules other than those illustrated in FIG. 2 . Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various exemplary blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software may depend on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a manner suitable for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0032] According to some embodiments, the UE transceiver 230 may be referred to herein as the “uplink” transceiver 230 and include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter and an RF receiver, each of which includes circuitry coupled to the antenna 232. Alternatively, a duplexing switch (not shown) may couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in a time-duplexing manner. Similarly, according to some embodiments, the BS transceiver 210 may be referred to herein as the “downlink” transceiver 210 and include an RF transmitter and an RF receiver, each of which includes circuitry coupled to the antenna 212. Alternatively, a downlink duplexing switch may couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 212 in a time-duplexing manner. The operation of the two transceiver modules 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 at the same time that the uplink receiver circuitry is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 for receiving transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250. Conversely, the operation of the two transceivers 210 and 230 may be coordinated in time such that the uplink transmitter is coupled to the uplink antenna 232 at the same time that the downlink receiver is coupled to the downlink antenna 212 to receive transmissions over the wireless transmission link 250. In some embodiments, there is a truncated time synchronization with a minimum guard time during changes in duplex direction.

[0033] The UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to communicate over a wireless data communication link 250 and cooperate with appropriately configured RF antenna devices 212 / 232 capable of supporting a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme. In some exemplary embodiments, the UE transceiver 210 and the base station transceiver 210 are configured to support industry standards such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G standards. However, it will be understood that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to application to a particular standard and associated protocol. Rather, the UE transceiver 230 and the base station transceiver 210 may be configured to support alternative or additional wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variants thereof.

[0034] According to various embodiments, the BS 202 may be, for example, an evolved Node B (eNB), a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station. In some embodiments, the UE 204 may be embodied in various types of user devices, such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet, a laptop computer, a wearable computing device, etc. The processor modules 214 and 236 may be implemented or realized using a general-purpose processor, a content-addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit, a field-programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. As such, a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, etc. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.

[0035] Furthermore, the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, firmware, a software module executed by processor modules 214 and 236, or any practical combination thereof. Memory modules 216 and 234 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. In this regard, memory modules 216 and 234 may be coupled to processor modules 210 and 230, respectively, such that processor modules 210 and 230 can read information from and write information to memory modules 216 and 234, respectively. Memory modules 216 and 234 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 210 and 230. In some embodiments, memory modules 216 and 234 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 210 and 230, respectively. Each of the memory modules 216 and 234 may also include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 210 and 230, respectively.

[0036] The network communications module 218 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and / or other components of the base station 202 that enable bidirectional communications between the base station transceiver 210 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communicate with the base station 202. For example, the network communications module 218 may be configured to support Internet or WiMAX traffic. In a typical deployment, without limitation, the network communications module 218 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface to enable the base station transceiver 210 to communicate with conventional Ethernet-based computer networks. In this manner, the network communications module 218 may include a physical interface for connecting to a computer network (e.g., a mobile switching center (MSC)). As used herein with respect to a specified operation or function, the terms “configured for,” “configured to,” and their conjugations refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, signal, etc. that is physically configured, programmed, formatted, and / or arranged to perform the specified operation or function.

[0037] The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (referred to herein as the "Open Systems Interconnection Model") is a conceptual and logical layout that defines network communications used by open systems (e.g., wireless communication devices, wireless communication nodes) to interconnect and communicate with other systems. The model is divided into seven subcomponents or layers, each of which represents a conceptual collection of services provided to the layers above and below it. The OSI model also defines logical networks and effectively describes computer packet transfers through the use of different layer protocols. The OSI model is sometimes referred to as the seven-layer OSI model or seven-layer model. In some embodiments, the first layer may be the physical layer. In some embodiments, the second layer may be the medium access control (MAC) layer. In some embodiments, the third layer may be the radio link control (RLC) layer. In some embodiments, the fourth layer may be the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer. In some embodiments, the fifth layer may be the radio resource control (RRC) layer. In some embodiments, the sixth layer may be a non-access stratum (NAS) layer or an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, and the seventh layer is another layer.

[0038] To enable those skilled in the art to make and use the present solution, various exemplary embodiments of the present solution are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, various modifications or variations can be made to the examples described herein without departing from the scope of the present solution. Thus, the present solution is not limited to the exemplary embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Furthermore, any specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein is merely an example approach. Based on design preferences, the specific order or hierarchy of steps in a disclosed method or process can be rearranged while remaining within the scope of the present solution. Thus, those skilled in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present various steps or operations in a sample order, and that the present solution is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented, unless otherwise specified. 2. Systems and Methods for Reporting and Beam Management Using AI

[0039] In certain systems (e.g., 5G New Radio (NR) and / or other systems), mobile communication methods / procedures may use / implement / enable analog beamforming techniques. Analog beamforming may facilitate / improve / enhance the robustness of radio frequency communications and / or processes. In some embodiments, the quasi-co-location (QCL) state and / or the transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state (or beam state) may support / enable / facilitate beam direction for one or more types of channels and / or signals. For example, the QCL state and / or the TCI state may support beam direction for a downlink (DL) control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and / or other channels), a DL data channel (e.g., a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and / or other channels), and / or a reference signal (e.g., channel state information reference signaling (CSI-RS) and / or other types of signals). In some embodiments, spatial relationship information (e.g., higher layer parameters such as spatialRelationInfo and / or other parameters) and / or integrated TCI state indication may support / enable / facilitate beam direction for one or more types of channels and / or signals. For example, the spatial relationship information (and / or other information) may support beam direction for an uplink (UL) control channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a reference signal (e.g., a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), and / or other types of channels / signals. With respect to an UL data channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and / or other channels), beam direction can be achieved / implemented / enabled by mapping one or more SRS resources and / or one or more ports of the UL data channel. A wireless communication node (e.g., a terrestrial terminal, a base station, a gNB, an eNB, or a serving node) may indicate / specify one or more SRS resources. Thus, the configuration of a beam for an UL data channel (or other channel) may be derived / determined / obtained by using the spatial relationship information.The spatial relationship information may be associated / related / linked to one or more SRS resources and / or ports of the UL data channel.

[0040] Current solutions, such as 5G NR solutions, may provide flexible configurations applicable to different / multiple scenarios. However, current solutions may be less effective in high-mobility scenarios involving wireless communication devices (e.g., UEs, terminals, or served nodes). For example, in high-mobility scenarios, wireless communication devices may travel / move at increased speeds (e.g., 300 Km / h or other speeds). Therefore, the corresponding beam dwell time may be shortened / smaller (e.g., ∼10 ms or other time instances). The corresponding shortening of the beam dwell time may result in increased reference signal (RS) overhead for beam tracking and / or a longer delay time for beam pointing due to the mobility of the wireless communication device.

[0041] In certain scenarios (e.g., high-speed train (HST) scenarios and / or other scenarios), the movement or trajectory of a wireless communication device may be stable / established / predictable. For example, the wireless communication device may move / travel along a highway and / or HST tracks. In certain locations (e.g., in China), most rails are paved on viaducts and / or in remote areas, and the wireless channel is mostly line-of-sight (LOS). As a result, the long-term predictable position information of the wireless communication device can be used as an important criterion for determining / calculating / identifying the coarse direction of one or more beams for subsequent transmissions. Compared to approaches using peripheral applications (e.g., global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)) and / or other applications, wireless channel sensing techniques using predictive algorithms (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms) for positioning and / or beam switching (e.g., beam pattern matching methods and / or position-based methods) may be better suited for wireless communication devices. By using predictive algorithms, the systems and methods presented herein (e.g., for next generation (NG) systems) may reduce / reduce costs and / or save peripheral interfaces. The systems and methods presented herein may consider / contemplate / address one or more of the following problems / difficulties / challenges: 1) The time point of beam switching / transition (e.g., from a previous best beam in a candidate beam pool to a new best beam) can be important in beam pattern matching methods for predictable beam management. The time point of beam switching / transition can be monitored / tracked by wireless communication devices. Therefore, an event-driven reporting procedure for beam switching (e.g., a timestamp reported to indicate the time point of beam switching) can be considered. In such a case, reporting overhead (e.g., caused by wireless communication device reporting) can be significantly reduced. 2) Using a predefined trajectory and / or physical map, positioning of a wireless communication device can be performed based on (or using) a single transmit / receive point (TRP) (e.g., round trip time (RTT)), at least two TRPs (e.g., time difference of arrival (TDOA)), and / or downlink (DL) transmission (Tx) beam information. The physical propagation time (e.g., from a wireless communication node to a wireless communication device) reported by the wireless communication device and / or the time offset between reception of a DL signal and transmission of another uplink (UL) signal (e.g., by the wireless communication device) can be used to enable a position-based method for predictable beam management. Based on (or according to) multiple samples / measurements, the velocity and / or acceleration of the wireless communication device can be estimated to emulate / approximate / reproduce the movement of the wireless communication device along a given map / trajectory. 3) One or more parameters for demodulation at the wireless communication device receiver (e.g., Doppler shift, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), and / or UE receive (Rx) beam / panel) can be reported / communicated / provided (e.g., by the wireless communication device) as aiding / additional information. The aiding / additional information can be used to improve the estimation of the best / optimal beam for subsequent transmissions. 4) Based on (or by using) event-driven reporting procedures and / or introduced parameters for wireless communication device reporting (e.g., for AI-driven beam management), the reporting format (e.g., medium access control control element (MAC-CE) signaling and / or uplink control information (UCI)) and / or transmission priority of the format can be taken into consideration.

[0042] In certain systems, the use of high-frequency resources can induce / create / result in significant propagation loss. Thus, wide and / or ultra-wide spectrum resources may pose / introduce / result in significant difficulties (e.g., due to propagation loss). In some embodiments, certain technologies / techniques may achieve / provide beam alignment and / or obtain / provide sufficient antenna gain. For example, antenna arrays and / or beamforming training techniques using massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) (e.g., up to 1024 antenna elements per node) may achieve beam alignment and / or sufficient antenna gain. In some embodiments, analog phase shifters may be used to implement / enable millimeter-wave beamforming. Using analog phase shifters may result in low implementation costs with the advantage of using antenna arrays. When analog phase shifters are used (e.g., to implement millimeter-wave beamforming), the number of controllable phases may be finite / defined / limited. In some embodiments, the use of analog phase shifters may impose / provide one or more constant modulus constraints on the analog phase shifters. Given a set of one or more predefined beam patterns, a goal / target of variable phase-shift-based beamforming (BF) training may correspond to identifying / determining an optimal beam pattern for subsequent data transmission. The identified beam pattern may be applied to one or more scenarios with one transmit / receive point (TRP) and / or one panel (e.g., a UE with one panel).

[0043] 3, an exemplary scenario 300 is shown having a high-speed vehicle (e.g., a train) and one or more remote radio heads (RRHs), such as, for example, transmit / receive points (TRPs). The exemplary scenario may include six (or other number) RRHs (e.g., RRH1, RRH2, RRH3, RRH4, RRH5, RRH6, and / or other RRHs) and / or wireless communication devices having at least three (or other number) panels (e.g., the right panel, top panel, and / or left panel of a phone). The distance between two RRHs (e.g., RRH3 and RRH4) may be 200 meters (or other number), while the distance between the train tracks (e.g., UE1) and at least one RRH (d rrh_track ) may be 5 meters (or other number). One or more RRHs may correspond to the same cell (e.g., preserving handover procedures), creating / generating / emulating an elongated cell along a railroad track. In an exemplary scenario of vehicles on a highway, one or more TRPs may be deployed along the highway. In traditional beam management, beam tracking (or beam refinement) may be specific to a wireless communication device. Beam tracking (or beam refinement) may be specific to a wireless communication device due to the difficulty in ensuring that nearby / adjacent wireless communication devices (e.g., nearby in location) move together / cooperatively / correspondingly (e.g., with a high probability). However, in high-mobility scenarios (e.g., involving highways and / or high-speed trains), nearby / adjacent wireless communication devices may be in the same rail car, the same long-distance bus, and / or the same vehicle group.

[0044] Referring now to FIG. 4, an example measurement 400 of beam dwell time for a given wireless communication node (e.g., gNB) antenna configuration is shown. The beam dwell time of a wireless communication node may include the beam dwell time of a high-speed train (or other vehicle) traveling at 300 km / h, a high-speed train traveling at 500 km / h, and / or a vehicle on a highway traveling at a speed of 120 km / h. The beam dwell time may depend on / be based on / be determined by one or more factors. The one or more factors may include the speed of the wireless communication device, the distance between the wireless communication node and the wireless communication device, the width of the beam, and / or other factors. In some embodiments, the beam dwell time may be as short as 7 ms (or other number). Current beam management procedures / processes (e.g., beam reporting, beam group activation, and / or beam direction) may not be able to update the beam within the minimum value of the beam dwell time (e.g., 7 ms and / or other time instances). In some embodiments, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques / methods can be used to ensure that one or more narrow beams provide better / increased / enhanced coverage and / or performance in high-speed scenarios. For example, AI techniques can be employed / used / applied in beam prediction involving trajectory prediction for mobility.

[0045] In some embodiments, a beam state may correspond to / refer to a QCL state, a TCI state, a spatial relationship state (or a spatial relationship information state), a reference signal (RS), a spatial filter, and / or precoding. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a "beam state" may be referred to as a "beam." Specifically, a) A transmit (Tx) beam may correspond to / refer to a QCL state, a TCI state, a spatial relationship state, a DL / UL reference signal, a Tx spatial filter, and / or a Tx precoding. b) The receive (Rx) beam may correspond to / refer to a QCL state, a TCI state, a spatial relationship state, a spatial filter, an Rx spatial filter, and / or an Rx precoding. c) The beam identifier (ID) may correspond to / point to a QCL state index, a TCI state index, a spatial relationship state index, a reference signal index, a spatial filter index, a precoding index, and / or other indexes.

[0046] In some embodiments, the spatial filter may correspond to a wireless communication device and / or wireless communication node perspective. In some embodiments, the spatial filter may refer to a spatial domain filter and / or other filter. In some embodiments, the spatial relationship information may include one or more reference RSs. The spatial relationship information may be used to define / indicate / communicate / represent the same or quasi-identical spatial relationship between the target RS / channel and one or more reference RSs. In some embodiments, the spatial relationship may refer to a beam, a spatial parameter, and / or a spatial domain filter.

[0047] In some embodiments, a QCL state may include one or more reference RSs and / or one or more corresponding QCL type parameters. The QCL type parameters may include at least one of Doppler spread, Doppler shift, delay spread, mean delay, mean gain, and / or spatial parameters (e.g., spatial Rx parameters). In some embodiments, a TCI state may correspond to / refer to a QCL state. In some embodiments, QCL Type A may include Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and / or delay spread. In some embodiments, QCL Type B may include Doppler shift and / or Doppler spread. In some embodiments, QCL Type C may include Doppler shift and / or mean delay. In some embodiments, QCL Type D may include spatial Rx parameters. In some embodiments, the RS may include a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a synchronization signal block (SSB) (or SS / PBCH), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a physical random access channel (PRACH), and / or other signals / channels. In some embodiments, the RS may include at least one of a DL reference signal (DL RS) and / or an UL reference signal (UL RS). In some embodiments, the DL RS may include at least one of a CSI-RS, an SSB, and / or a DMRS (e.g., a DL DMRS). In some embodiments, the UL RS may include at least one of an SRS, a DMRS (e.g., a UL DMRS), and / or a PRACH.

[0048] In some embodiments, the UL signals may include PUCCH, PUSCH, SRS, and / or other channels / signals. In some embodiments, the DL signals may include PDCCH, PDSCH, CSI-RS, and / or other channels / signals. In some embodiments, the group-based reporting may include at least one of beam group-based reporting and / or antenna group-based reporting.

[0049] In some embodiments, a beam group may refer to one or more distinct Tx beams of a group that are received and / or transmitted simultaneously. In some embodiments, a beam group may refer to one or more Tx beams of one or more distinct groups that may not be received and / or transmitted simultaneously. Furthermore, the definition of a beam group may correspond to the perspective of a wireless communication device. In some embodiments, an antenna group may refer to one or more distinct Tx beams of a group that may not be received and / or transmitted simultaneously. In some embodiments, an antenna group may refer to one or more Tx beams of one or more distinct groups that are received and / or transmitted simultaneously. a) Additionally, an antenna group may refer to more than N different / separate Tx beams in one group that may not receive and / or transmit simultaneously. An antenna group may refer to up to N different Tx beams in one group that receive and / or transmit simultaneously. In some embodiments, N may be a positive integer. b) Additionally, an antenna group may refer to one or more Tx beams of one or more different groups that receive and / or transmit simultaneously.

[0050] In some embodiments, the definition of an antenna group may correspond to a wireless communication device perspective. In some embodiments, an antenna group may correspond to an antenna port group, a panel, and / or a wireless communication device (e.g., UE) panel. In some embodiments, switching between antenna groups may correspond to / refer to switching between panels.

[0051] In some embodiments, the group information may correspond to an information grouping of one or more reference signals. In some embodiments, the group information may include a resource set, a panel, a subarray, an antenna group, an antenna port group, a group of antenna ports, a beam group, a transmitting entity / unit, and / or a receiving entity / unit. In some embodiments, the group information may represent / specify / indicate a wireless communication device (e.g., UE) panel and / or one or more characteristics of the wireless communication device panel. In some embodiments, the group information may refer to a group state and / or a group ID.

[0052] In some embodiments, a time unit may include a subsymbol, a symbol, a slot, a subframe, a frame, a transmission opportunity, and / or other time instances. In some embodiments, an active antenna group may correspond to an active DL antenna group, an active UL antenna group, an active DL and UL antenna group, and / or other groups. I. EMBODIMENT 1: GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF A REPORTING WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE ENABLED FOR PREDICTABLE BEAM MANAGEMENT

[0053] In a high-speed rail (HSR) scenario, the tracks of one or more trains may exhibit periodicity and / or regularity. With respect to position information, past beam training results can serve as a valuable reference for future beam training processes. However, the accuracy of the position and / or environmental information may include one or more limitations. As a result, techniques / techniques for radiating / shaping / directing beams may not be able to fully rely on (or use) measurements of position information. Therefore, appropriate beam measurements and / or reports may be required to support predictive models (e.g., to achieve precise synchronization of beam transitions).

[0054] Referring now to FIG. 5, an example technique 500 for predictive beam management (e.g., a model-driven technique) is shown. Predictive beam management may include at least two parts: a predictive model for beam management and / or a beam transition pattern generator. The predictive model may be based on an artificial neural network (ANN), a beam-level pattern matching algorithm, and / or other techniques / techniques. The predictive model can be used to estimate / configure one or more key parameters and determine one or more beam transitions (e.g., one or more beam transition patterns for a given period, such as one second). For example, the one or more key parameters may include a first (a1) and / or second (a2) ratio of the wireless communication device's current speed to the wireless communication device's speed for generating a statistical pattern. The one or more key parameters may include a corresponding offset (o) and / or a pattern ID (i) to be used (e.g., two or more parallel rails and / or associated UE movement directions).

[0055] The pattern ID (i), the secondary ratio (a2), the primary ratio (a1), and / or the offset (o) may include or correspond to unknown variables, as shown in FIG. 5. From a physics perspective, the a1 and / or a2 variables may indicate / specify a primary and / or secondary ratio of the current speed of the wireless communication device to the speed of the wireless communication device for generating the statistical pattern. The variable o may indicate / specify an offset. For example, if the speed of the wireless communication device for generating the statistical pattern in the dictionary is 300 km / h, the value of a may include or correspond to [0.8 to 1.2] ~ 240 km / h to 360 km / h. From a predictable performance perspective, the method 500 of FIG. 5 is primarily based on identifying probe points and / or precise timestamps for each beam transition. Each beam transition may include or correspond to a beam transition from a previous (e.g., old) best / optimal Tx beam to an updated (e.g., new) best Tx beam. Identifying / determining the exact timestamp for each beam transition can be important to demonstrate / reproduce the beam switching pattern.

[0056] Referring now to FIG. 6, an example technique 600 for predictive beam management (e.g., a wireless communication device position-based technique) is shown. The technique 600 may include at least two parts. The first part may include or correspond to a predictive model for estimating the trajectory of a wireless communication device (e.g., enabled by an ANN algorithm). The second part may include or correspond to a map-based beam prediction technique. The first part may be used to estimate parameters for determining the position of the wireless communication device (e.g., the location of the wireless communication device). The parameters may include the speed of the wireless communication device, the cumulative speed of the wireless communication device, and / or a map ID. The map ID may define / indicate / provide the type of pattern to be used (e.g., two or more parallel rails and / or associated directions of movement of the wireless communication device). Time of Arrival (ToA), beam ID (e.g., DL-AoD), RSRP, and / or other parameters / inputs may be used to train / tune an AI model (e.g., an ANN algorithm) for estimating the trajectory / positioning of the wireless communication device.

[0057] For wireless communication device measurements and / or reporting for AI-driven beam management, the following aspects may be considered: A wireless communication node may transmit / transmit / communicate configurations for multiple DL reference signals (RS).

[0058] After receiving / acquiring multiple DL RSs, the wireless communication device may report / provide / specify / indicate / indicate (e.g., according to the RS and / or configuration) at least one of the following parameters in a reporting instance (e.g., a time instance of the report): A reporting instance may include or correspond to a single transmission of a report: ● Reports may include timestamps (eg, points in time / instances). The timestamp may include or correspond to a time unit, a symbol index (e.g., an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol), a slot index, a subframe index, a frame index, a transmission opportunity index (e.g., a UL signal and / or a DL signal), and / or the number of time units / symbols / slots / subframes / frames / transmission opportunities prior to the time instance of the report (e.g., an indication of the duration for the time instance associated with the report). For example, the timestamp may include (slot index)+(subframe index)+(frame index), such as Nth slot at Mth subframe index at Kth frame index. In some embodiments, N, M, and K can be integers. The report may include time lag information. The time lag information may include at least one of the following: The time difference between receive timing and transmit timing (e.g. UE Rx-Tx time difference) and / or the time difference between transmit timing and receive timing. The time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing can be defined from the perspective of the wireless communication device. The time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference) is T UE-RX -T UE-TX , and / or T UE-TX -T UE-RX may be defined as: ●T UE-RX may include or correspond to the wireless communication device reception timing of a downlink time unit (e.g., subframe #i). UE-RX , can be defined by the path detected first in time and / or the path with the strongest received power in time. ●T UE-TXmay include or correspond to a wireless communication device transmission timing of an uplink time unit (e.g., subframe #i). Furthermore, the uplink time unit may be closest in time to the downlink time unit. The time difference between the reception timing and the transmission timing can be an important parameter for estimating (eg, by the wireless communication node) the propagation time of the physical channel from the wireless communication node to the wireless communication device. For example, the propagation time (e.g., arrival time) of the physical channel is ((T TRP-RX -T TRP-TX )+(T UE-RX -T UE-TX )) / 2. In some embodiments, T TRP-RX -T TRP-TX may indicate / specify / indicate a time difference between a transmission timing and a reception timing of a wireless communication node (e.g., TRP). The wireless communication node may determine / identify a time difference between a transmission timing and a reception timing of the wireless communication node. Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) (also known as Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)) Furthermore, RSTD may be defined in terms of wireless communication devices. Furthermore, RSTD Rxj -T Rxi may indicate / specify the relative timing difference between DL RS / TRP j and reference DL RS / TRP i, defined as: ●T Rxj may include or correspond to the time when the wireless communication receives / acquires the first DL RS (e.g., DL RS / TRP j) and / or the start of one time unit corresponding to the first DL RS. ●T Rxi may include or correspond to the start of a time unit at which the wireless communication device receives / acquires a second DL RS (e.g., DL RS / TRP i) and / or corresponds to the second DL RS. Furthermore, the time unit is closest / nearest in time to the time unit received from the first DL RS. The time difference between the received timing and the reference timing and / or the time difference between the transmitted timing and the reference timing. Furthermore, the transmission timing may correspond to the time unit for transmitting the UL signal. Furthermore, the reception timing may correspond to the time unit for receiving the DL signal. Furthermore, the reference timing may correspond to a reference time unit. o To save / reduce / reduce reporting overhead (e.g., number of bits), the time difference information may be determined according to (or based on) a mod function, a scaling factor, a reference time unit, a timing advance value, a time difference between receive timing and transmit timing, a time difference between transmit timing and receive timing, and / or a reference signal time difference. For example, the time difference information may be determined according to (a reference time unit (e.g., one subframe))-(a timing advance value)+(a time difference between a reception timing and a transmission timing). In some embodiments, the time difference information may be determined according to ((-timing advance value) + (time difference between receive timing and transmit timing) mod (reference time unit). In some embodiments, the time difference information may be determined according to (reference time unit (e.g., one subframe))-(timing advance value)*(scaling factor)+(time difference between reception timing and transmission timing). The scaling factor may have a value of 1 / 2 (or other value). In some embodiments, the time difference information may be determined according to (the time difference between the reception timing and the transmission timing) mod (reference time unit). In some embodiments, the timing advance value may be configured according to higher layer signaling, such as radio resource control (RRC) and / or medium access control (MAC-CE), for UL transmission timing adjustment. ● The report may include the average delay and / or delay spread. The average delay and / or delay spread can be estimated using a DL RS configured in the wireless communication node. The average delay and / or delay spread can be reported / communicated in a reporting instance. Average delay may refer to the average delay of the physical channel propagation. Delay spread may refer to the spread of delays of the physical channel propagation. • The report may include Doppler shift and / or Doppler spread. The Doppler shift and / or Doppler spread may be estimated using a DL RS configured in the wireless communication node. The Doppler shift and / or Doppler spread may be reported in a reporting instance. - The report may include / provide / indicate / specify at least one RS index. The at least one RS index may include at least one or a combination of an RS resource index, an RS resource set index, an RS resource configuration index, and / or a reporting configuration index. o The timestamp and / or time difference information may / may be associated with at least one RS index. If the time difference information includes a time difference between a reception timing and a transmission timing and / or a time difference between a transmission timing and a reception timing, the time difference information may be associated with one of the at least one RS index. If the time difference information includes a reference signal time difference, the time difference information may / may be associated with two or more RS indices of at least one RS index. ● In some embodiments, two or more RSs corresponding to two or more RS indices may be received simultaneously and / or may be associated with particular group information (e.g., a beam group). ● Reports may include group information. Group information may be related to time difference information, mean delay, delay spread, Doppler spread, and / or Doppler shift. The report may include channel quality parameters. o The channel quality parameters may include RSRP, signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), layer indicator (LI), and / or rank indicator (RI).

[0059] In some embodiments, the timestamp may be associated with time difference information, Doppler shift, RS index, group information, and / or channel quality parameters. Therefore, the reported time difference information, Doppler shift, average delay, RS index, group information, and / or channel quality parameters may be determined according to (or based on) the timestamp and / or the point in time corresponding to the timestamp.

[0060] In some embodiments, the reporting instance may include uplink control information (UCI), channel state information (CSI), and / or MAC-CE (eg, MAC-CE information). In some embodiments, the reporting instance may include CSI Part 1. ● Furthermore, MAC-CE can be prioritized over at least one of the following channels: ○ Configuration Authorization Confirmation MAC CE or BFR MAC CE or Multi-Entry Configuration Authorization Confirmation MAC CE; ○ Sidelink configuration authorization confirmation MAC CE; ○LBT failure MAC CE; ○MAC CE for SL-BSR priority; ○ MAC CE for BSR excluding BSR included for padding; ○ Single-entry PHR MAC CE or multi-entry PHR MAC CE; ○ MAC CE for the desired number of guard symbols; ○MAC CE for preemptive BSR; ○MAC CE for SL-BSR; Data from any logical channel except data from the UL-CCCH; ○ MAC CE for recommended bitrate query; ○ MAC CE for BSR included for padding; or ○MAC CE for SL-BSR included for padding. Furthermore, the MAC-CE may be given lower priority than at least one of the following channels: ○ Data from C-RNTI MAC CE or UL-CCCH; ○ Configuration Authorization Confirmation MAC CE or BFR MAC CE or Multi-Entry Configuration Authorization Confirmation MAC CE; ○ Sidelink configuration authorization confirmation MAC CE; ○LBT failure MAC CE; ○MAC CE for SL-BSR priority; ○ MAC CE for BSR excluding BSR included for padding; ○ Single-entry PHR MAC CE or multi-entry PHR MAC CE; ○ MAC CE for the desired number of guard symbols; ○MAC CE for preemptive BSR; ○MAC CE for SL-BSR; Data from any logical channel except data from the UL-CCCH; ○ MAC CE for recommended bitrate query; or o MAC CE for BSR included for padding. II. Embodiment 2: Event-driven wireless communication device for reporting beam switching

[0061] The wireless communication device may monitor / track / determine / identify the time points for beam switching (which may be used, for example, for beam pattern matching in certain methods, such as AI-based methods for predictive beam management). Therefore, an event-driven reporting procedure for beam switching may be considered. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may report / specify / provide a timestamp associated with the beam transition and / or the validity time of the RS to be reported.

[0062] If a trigger condition is met, the wireless communication device may report / notify / provide a timestamp. The trigger condition may include at least one of the following: - The trigger condition may include the expiration of a timer. o Initial values ​​for timers (e.g., initial values ​​for resetting and / or setting timers) can be configured according to (or using) RRC and / or MAC-CE commands. The triggering condition may include a channel quality parameter corresponding to the first RS being greater than or equal to a threshold. In some embodiments, the triggering condition may include a difference in a channel quality parameter corresponding to the first RS over the second RS being greater than or equal to a threshold. In some embodiments, a first RS (e.g., an index of the first RS) can be included / specified in a reporting instance, and a second RS (e.g., an index of the second RS) can be reported / indicated / indicated in a previous reporting instance. The threshold may be determined according to (or based on) values ​​configured by RRC signaling and / or MAC-CE signaling. In some embodiments, the threshold may be determined / configured according to channel quality parameters of a previous reporting instance (e.g., the last reporting instance). For example, if the threshold is determined according to a channel quality parameter in a previous reporting instance, the threshold may correspond to the channel quality parameter plus an offset value, which may be configured using RRC signaling, MAC-CE, and / or other types of signaling. The metric corresponding to the threshold can be RSRP, SINR, and / or CQI. The triggering condition may include a channel quality parameter corresponding to the first RS being less than or equal to a threshold. In some embodiments, the triggering condition may include a change in the channel quality parameter corresponding to the first RS over the second RS being less than or equal to a threshold. A first RS (e.g., an index of the first RS) can be included / provided / defined in a reporting instance. A second RS (e.g., an index of the second RS) can be reported / included in a previous reporting instance. The threshold may be determined according to (or based on) values ​​configured by RRC and / or MAC-CE signaling. The threshold may be determined / configured according to channel quality parameters in a previous reporting instance (e.g., the last reporting instance). For example, if the threshold is determined according to a channel quality parameter in a previous reporting instance, the threshold may correspond to the channel quality parameter plus an offset value, which may be configured using RRC signaling, MAC-CE, and / or other types of signaling. The metric corresponding to the threshold may be the block error rate (BLER) and / or the bit error rate (BER). • The channel quality parameter may be determined according to (or based on) measurements within a certain period of time (eg, a window). The start of the period and / or the length of the period may be determined according to (or based on) values ​​configured by RRC signaling, MAC-CE signaling, and / or other types of signaling. o In some embodiments, the duration may be determined to be the maximum or minimum value between the duration of the DL RS and / or a defined / configured number of time units (e.g., X time units, such as 2 ms). In some embodiments, the duration may be determined to be the shortest or longest duration among multiple DL RSs measured.

[0063] In some embodiments, the report may include / specify / indicate N DL RSs, where N may be a positive integer. The RS (out of N DL RSs) with the best metric at a given timestamp is reported in a report (e.g., a reporting instance). At least one of the N DL RSs may be associated with the timestamp. The N DL RSs may be selected / identified / configured from multiple DL RSs configured by RRC and / or MAC-CE signaling. • The second RS in a reporting instance may be selected / identified from multiple DL RSs according to (or based on) the first RS reported in a previous report and / or included in the report. If a first DL RS is included in a reporting instance, the first DL RS may be associated with an earlier timestamp and / or may be associated with a smaller index corresponding to the timestamp. The multiple DL RSs may be configured by RRC signaling (and / or other types of signaling). A neighboring DL RS (e.g., included in the multiple DL RSs) corresponding to a first DL RS may be selected for subsequent measurement and / or reporting. Thus, a second DL RS may be selected from the neighboring DL RSs. The initial DL RS to be measured may be determined according to (or based on) the DL RS and / or SSB to determine the QCL assumption for the DL data channel and / or DL ​​control channel. The initial DL RS may be configured by RRC and / or MAC-CE signaling, or by the DL RS with the lowest or highest ID among multiple DL RSs.

[0064] In some embodiments, a timestamp may be associated / related to group information.

[0065] Referring now to FIG. 7, an example technique 700 for event-driven wireless communication device reporting for beam switching is shown. In one example, M=14 RSs (e.g., CSI-RS and / or other RSs) may be configured by using RRC signaling (or other types of signaling) for beam management and / or tracking. The initial RS may be assumed to be the RS with the lowest / minimum index (e.g., RS#0). RS#1 and / or RS#2 associated with RS#1 may be measured by the wireless communication device. If the channel quality (e.g., RSRP) of RS#2 is greater than the channel quality of RS#1 plus an offset (e.g., 3 dB), the wireless communication device may report / provide / specify the index and / or corresponding timestamp of RS#1. Thereafter, {RS#1, RS#3} associated with RS#2 and / or RS#1 may be measured.

[0066] In certain embodiments with multiple UE panels, group information-specific reporting may be considered / used. An exemplary technique 800 for group information-specific reporting is shown in FIG. 8. If RS#0 is the initial RS for beam measurement, the channel quality of RS#1 with group information#0 may satisfy the condition of the channel quality parameter at the time instance associated with timestamp#1. Furthermore, the channel quality of RS#2 with group information#1 may satisfy the condition of the channel quality parameter at the time instance associated with timestamp#2. In this example, the condition may be that the difference between the channel quality parameter of the reported RS and the channel quality parameter of the initial RS based on channel measurements corresponding to specific group information (e.g., using UE panel#1) is greater than an offset value. The offset value (e.g., 3 dB) may be configured / determined by RRC signaling (and / or other types of signaling). III. Embodiment 3: Round Trip Time Related Reporting for Assisting in Positioning of Wireless Communication Devices

[0067] In a given orbit, parameters related to round trip time (RTT), such as the time difference between reception timing and transmission timing (UE Rx-Tx time difference), can be very important to ensure / improve / enhance positioning accuracy. For example, as described in embodiment 1, the estimated ToA may correspond to ((UE Rx-Tx time difference)+(TRP Rx-Tx time difference)) / 2.

[0068] In some embodiments, the association / relationship between DL RS / time unit i and UL RS / time unit j may be initialized / indicated by DCI, MAC-CE signaling, and / or RRC signaling. In some embodiments, the UL RS may be associated with the DL RS, and the time difference information may be determined according to (or based on) the DL RS and / or the UL RS. In some embodiments, the beam state may be applied to both DL and UL RS. o In some embodiments, the UL RS may be associated with the same spatial relationship and / or the same beam as the DL RS. A single DCI can trigger both DL and UL RS. The time difference information can be carried / included in the report. The spatial relationship and / or beam of the UL RS may be determined based on (or according to) the DL RS. The DCI may comprise DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, and / or DCI format 0_2. In some embodiments, the DL RS may include a CSI-RS. Additionally, CSI-RS may be used for beam management and / or tracking. Furthermore, the CSI-RS may be associated with a repetition parameter and / or a trs-info parameter (or other parameters). o In some embodiments, the reporting configuration may consist of Report Amount=None, Time Difference, RTT, ssb-Index-RSRP, cri-RSRP, ssb-Index-SINR, and / or cri-SINR. In some embodiments, a CSI request codepoint in a DCI may be associated with both a DL RS resource set and a UL RS resource set. A CSI request codepoint in a DCI may be associated with both a CSI trigger state and a UL RS trigger state. In some embodiments, a CSI request codepoint in a DCI may be associated with both a CSI trigger state and a UL RS resource set. In some embodiments, a CSI trigger state in a DCI may be associated with an SRS resource set. o DL RS resources in a resource set may be quasi-colocated (QCLed) and / or associated with the same TCI state and / or same QCL type RS. o In some embodiments, UL RS resources in a resource set may be QCLed and / or associated with the same / corresponding TCI state and / or the same spatial relationship. In some embodiments, a DL RS may include a DL RS resource set. A UL RS may include one or more UL resource sets. The DL RS resources in a DL RS resource set may be divided into S DL RS resource subsets. The DL RS resources in the DL RS resource subset may be QCLed and / or associated with the same TCI state and / or the same QCL type RS. In some embodiments, at least one of the UL RS resource sets may be mapped / associated / related to a DL RS resource subset by DCI, MAC-CE signaling, and / or RRC signaling, and the spatial relationship and / or path loss RS corresponding to at least one of the UL RS resource sets may be determined according to (or based on) the associated DL RS and / or associated DL RS subgroup. In some embodiments, the subset and / or at least one DL RS in one subset may be reported / specified / indicated in a reporting instance (e.g., report). A spatial relationship and / or path loss RS corresponding to at least one of the UL RS resource sets may be determined according to the subset and / or at least one DL RS in one subset. · In such cases, the SRS resources may not consist of spatial relationship and / or path loss RS. In some embodiments, the time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing is (the T UE-RX )-(corresponding UL RS T UE-TX ) An example of a UE Rx-Tx time difference may be: ○UE Rx-Tx time difference is T UE-RX -TUE-TX can be defined as: T UE-RX may be the wireless communication device reception timing of downlink time unit (e.g., subframe) #i from the wireless communication node (e.g., TRP) defined by the first detected path in time. T UE-TX may be the wireless communication device transmission timing of the uplink time unit #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the wireless communication node. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of one time unit of the first arriving path of a wireless communication node. ○For frequency range 1, T UE-RX The reference point for the measurement can be the Rx antenna connector of the wireless communication device. UE-TX The reference point for the measurement can be the Tx antenna connector of the wireless communication device. For frequency range 2, T UE-RX The reference point for the measurement is the Rx antenna of the wireless communication device. UE-TX The reference point for the measurements may be the Tx antenna of the wireless communication device.

[0069] For example, one aperiodic CSI trigger state may be associated with a CSI-RS resource set and / or an SRS resource set. The CSI-RS may be used for tracking and / or beam management. The SRS resource set may be used for beam management.

[0070] Referring now to FIG. 9(a), a DCI command may initialize aperiodic CSI-RS and / or aperiodic SRS transmission. The CSI-RS and / or SRS may be configured with a TCI state and / or spatial relationship (e.g., respectively). Conditionally, the CSI-RS and / or SRS may be associated with the same beam. The reporting amount may be configured with none or a time difference. The CSI-RS may be transmitted, followed by the SRS. The time difference information may be determined according to (or by using) the first CSI-RS resource and the first SRS resource to be transmitted, and / or in a corresponding set. Thus, a reporting instance carrying time difference information (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference) may be configured with a time difference of T UE-RX -T UE-TX It can correspond to.

[0071] Referring now to FIG. 9(b), the spatial relationship of the CSI-RS and / or SRS with the preconfigured TCI state may be determined according to (or based on) the CSI-RS reported in a reporting instance. Specifically, the CSI-RS resource set may be triggered by a DCI. At least one CSI-RS may be reported in a reporting instance. In some embodiments, time difference information (e.g., UE Rx-Tx time difference), T UE-RX -T UE-TX can be carried / included / provided in a reporting instance.

[0072] 10-11, exemplary techniques for reporting / providing time difference information (e.g., by a wireless communication device) are shown. As shown in FIG. 10, there are multiple candidate QCL parameters for DL ​​RSs to be measured. The RS ID selected by the wireless communication device can be reported / provided via a report (e.g., FIG. 9(b)). The spatial relationship and / or spatial filter of the SRS resource set can be determined according to (or based on) the RS ID. As shown in FIG. 11, all DL RSs can be QCLed. Therefore, RS ID information may not be used, and thus the RS ID field can be canceled (e.g., FIG. 9(a)). In some embodiments, the report may include / provide / specify channel quality, time difference information, and / or a timestamp. In addition to time difference information, Doppler shift and / or average delay information can be included / specified / provided in the report. IV. Embodiment 4: Time Difference of Arrival Related Reports to Support Positioning of Wireless Communication Devices

[0073] In a given orbit, TDOA-related parameters (e.g., RS time difference) can be very important for ensuring / improving / enhancing positioning accuracy. Compared with the RTT method (e.g., embodiment 3), TDOA-related parameters can be determined according to (or by using) at least two DL RSs from different / separate / separate wireless communication nodes and / or beams. For a DL RS pair (e.g., two DL RSs), a single reference signal time difference (RSTD) can be determined.

[0074] The association / relationship between a first DL RS and its time unit (e.g., time unit i) and / or a second DL RS and its time unit (e.g., time unit j) may be initialized / indicated by DCI, MAC-CE signaling, and / or RRC signaling. In some embodiments, the reference signal time difference may be determined / calculated according to (or by using) at least two DL RSs. The at least two DL RSs may be received simultaneously. In some embodiments, the at least two DL RSs may be from different DL RS resource groups and / or correspond to different group information. o In some embodiments, a CSI request codepoint in a DCI may / may be associated with more than one DL RS resource group (e.g., two DL RS resource groups and / or subsets). In some embodiments, a first DL RS may be selected / determined / identified from a first DL RS group, and a second DL RS may be selected from a second DL RS group. o DL RS resources in a DL RS group may be QCL'd and / or associated with the same / corresponding TCI state and / or same QCL type RS. A single DCI may be used to trigger the first DL RS and / or the second DL RS. The time difference information may be carried / included / specified / provided in (e.g., in) a report. o DCI may include multiple formats such as DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, and / or DCI format 0_2. In some embodiments, the DL RS may include a CSI-RS. CSI-RS may be used for beam management and / or tracking. Furthermore, the CSI-RS may be associated with a repetition parameter and / or a trs-info parameter. o In some embodiments, the reporting configuration may consist of Report Amount=None, Time Difference, TDOA, ssb-Index-RSRP, cri-RSRP, ssb-Index-SINR, and / or cri-SINR. ○The reference signal time difference is (DL RS T DL-RX )-(Another DL RS TDL-TX For example, an example of a UE Rx-Tx time difference may be: Reference signal time difference (RSTD) can be defined as the DL relative timing difference between a wireless communication node (e.g., TRP) j and a reference wireless communication node i (e.g., T DL-Rxj -T DL-Rxi ), where: ●T SubframeRxj may define or correspond to the time at which the wireless communication device receives the start of one time unit (eg, subframe) from the wireless communication node j. ●T SubframeRxi may define or correspond to the time at which the wireless communication device receives the corresponding start of one time unit from the wireless communication node i that is closest in time to the subframe received from the wireless communication node j. • Multiple DL RS resources can be used to determine the start of one time unit from a wireless communication node. For frequency range 1, the reference point of the DL RSTD may be the antenna connector of the wireless communication device. For frequency range 2, the reference point of the DL RSTD may be the antenna of the wireless communication device.

[0075] For example, DCI format 0_0 / 1 / 2 may initialize / indicate a CSI-RS with repetition = on / off and / or reporting amount = TDOA. TDOA and / or corresponding timestamps may be reported / specified / indicated / provided in a reporting instance (e.g., in a report) as shown in FIG. 12. For example, for a particular group (e.g., Group #1 and / or Group #2), at least two RSs (e.g., RS#X1, RS#X2, and / or other RSs), their respective channel qualities (e.g., RSRP / SINR#1, RSRP / SINR#2, and / or other RSRP / SINR), and / or their respective Doppler shifts (e.g., Doppler shift#1, Doppler shift#2, and / or other Doppler shifts) are reported. A single RSTD may be reported for each group, and the RSTD may be determined according to (or based on) the two RSs. Additionally, a timestamp may be reported / specified / provided / indicated. (V. Reporting and beam management using AI)

[0076] 13 shows a flow diagram of a method 1350 for reporting and beam management using AI. The method 1350 may be implemented using any of the components and devices detailed herein in connection with FIGS. 1-12. In overview, the method 1350 may include receiving a configuration for a plurality of DL reference signals (1352). The method 1350 may include receiving at least one of the plurality of DL reference signals (1354). The method 1350 may include transmitting a report (1356).

[0077] Referring now to operation 1352, in some embodiments, a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE) may receive / obtain / acquire a configuration from a wireless communication node (e.g., a gNB). The wireless communication node may send / transmit / broadcast / communicate the configuration to the wireless communication device. The configuration may include configurations for multiple DL RSs. In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send / transmit a report (e.g., in accordance with the configuration). In some embodiments, the report may include / provide / specify group information. The group information may be associated with at least one of a timestamp, time difference information, average delay, delay spread, Doppler shift, and / or Doppler spread. In some embodiments, the report may include or provide channel quality parameters and / or other information. The channel quality parameters may include or correspond to a reference signal received power (RSRP), a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a layer indicator (LI), and / or a rank indicator (RI). In some embodiments, the report may include uplink control information (UCI), channel state information (CSI), and / or medium access control element (MAC-CE). In some embodiments, the report may include CSI Part 1.In some embodiments, a MAC-CE may take precedence over at least one of the following channels: a configuration grant confirmation MAC CE or beam failure recovery (BFR) MAC CE or a multi-entry configuration grant confirmation MAC CE, a sidelink configuration grant confirmation MAC CE, a listen-before-talk (LBT) failure MAC CE, a MAC CE for sidelink buffer status reporting (SL-BSR) priority, a MAC CE for a BSR excluding a BSR included for padding, a single-entry power headroom (PHR) MAC CE or a multi-entry PHR MAC CE, a MAC CE for the number of desired guard symbols, a MAC CE for a preemptive BSR, a MAC CE for a SL-BSR, data from any logical channel excluding data from the uplink common control channel (UL-CCCH), a MAC CE for a recommended bit rate query, a MAC CE for a BSR included for padding, or a MAC CE for a SL-BSR included for padding. In some embodiments, the MAC-CE may be given lower priority than at least one of the following channels: Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) MAC CE or data from UL-CCCH, Configuration Grant Confirmation MAC CE or BFR MAC CE or multi-entry, Configuration Grant Confirmation MAC CE, Sidelink Configuration Grant Confirmation MAC CE, LBT Failure MAC CE, MAC CE for SL-BSR priority, MAC CE for BSR excluding BSR included for padding, single-entry PHR MAC CE or multi-entry PHR MAC CE, MAC CE for desired number of guard symbols, MAC CE for pre-emptive BSR, MAC CE for SL-BSR, data from any logical channel excluding data from UL-CCCH, MAC CE for recommended bit rate query, or MAC CE for BSR included for padding.

[0078] In some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send / transmit / communicate a report to a wireless communication node in response to a trigger condition. In some embodiments, the trigger condition may include or correspond to the expiration of a timer. An initial value for the timer may be a specific value. The initial value may be configured by (or in accordance with) radio resource control (RRC) signaling, medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, and / or other types of signaling. In some embodiments, the trigger condition may include when a channel quality parameter corresponding to a first DL RS is equal to or greater than a threshold, or when a difference in values ​​of a channel quality parameter between the first DL RS and a second DL RS is equal to or greater than a threshold, or when a channel quality parameter corresponding to the first DL RS is equal to or less than a threshold, or when a difference in values ​​of a channel quality parameter between the first DL RS and a second DL RS is equal to or less than a threshold. In some embodiments, the first DL RS may be included / provided / defined in the report. The second DL RS may be included / defined in the report and / or a previous report. In some embodiments, the threshold may be determined according to (or based on) a value. The value can be configured by (or according to) RRC and / or MAC CE signaling. In some embodiments, the value can be configured by channel quality parameters in the report and / or a previous report. In some embodiments, the channel quality parameters can include at least one of a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), a Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (SINR), a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Block Error Rate (BLER), and / or a Bit Error Rate (BER). In some embodiments, the trigger condition can be determined according to (or based on) channel quality parameters and / or measurement results within a certain period of time. In some embodiments, the start of the period and / or the length of the period can be determined according to (or by using) the value. The value can be configured by (or according to) RRC and / or MAC CE signaling.In some embodiments, the duration may be determined to be the maximum or minimum value between the duration of one DL RS among the plurality of DL RSs and the defined number of time units, hi some embodiments, the duration may be determined to be the shortest or longest duration of any DL RS among the plurality of DL RSs.

[0079] Referring now to operation (1354), in some embodiments, the wireless communication device may receive / acquire at least one of the plurality of DL RSs. In response to receiving the at least one of the plurality of DL RSs, the wireless communication device may transmit a report. The report may include / provide / specify / indicate time difference information. The time difference information may include at least one of a time difference between a receive timing and a transmit timing (or a time difference between a transmit timing and a receive timing), a reference signal time difference, a time difference between a receive timing and a reference timing, and / or a time difference between a transmit timing and a reference timing. In some embodiments, the time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing may be defined / calculated / determined from the perspective of the wireless communication device. The time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing may be T UE-RX -T UE-TX and / or T UE-TX -T UE-RX In some embodiments, T UE-RX may be the reception timing in DL time units. UE-TX may be transmission timing in uplink (UL) time units. In some embodiments, the DL time unit may refer to (or may specify / indicate) a time unit for receiving / obtaining a DL RS from multiple DL RSs. In some embodiments, the UL time unit may refer to (or may specify / indicate) a time unit for transmitting / sending / communicating a UL RS. In some embodiments, T UE-RXmay be defined by the path detected first in time and / or the path with the strongest received power in time. In some embodiments, the UL time unit may be closest in time to the DL time unit. In particular embodiments, the time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing may be an important parameter for estimating the propagation time of the physical channel between the wireless communication node (e.g., TRP) and the wireless communication device (e.g., UE) from the perspective of the wireless communication node. For example, the propagation time (e.g., arrival time) of the physical channel may be expressed as ((T TRP-RX -T TRP-TX )+(T UE-RX -T UE-TX )) / 2. In some embodiments, T TRP-RX -T TRP-TX may indicate the time difference between the transmission timing and reception timing of a wireless communication node.

[0080] In some embodiments, the reference signal time difference (RSTD) is defined / determined from the perspective of the wireless communication device and / or T Rxj -T Rxi In some embodiments, T Rxj may be (or may include / specify) a time during which the wireless communication device receives / acquires the first DL RS (e.g., DL RS / TRP j) and / or one time unit corresponding to (or associated with) the first DL RS. In some embodiments, T Rximay be a time at which the wireless communication device receives / acquires a second DL RS (e.g., DL RS / TRP i) and / or one time unit corresponding to (or associated with) the second DL RS. In some embodiments, the time unit corresponding to (or associated with) the second DL RS may be the closest / nearest time unit to the time unit corresponding to the first DL RS. In some embodiments, the transmit timing may correspond to (or indicate) a time unit of transmitting / sending / communicating an uplink (UL) signal (e.g., from the perspective of the wireless communication device). In some embodiments, the receive timing may correspond to (or indicate) a time unit of receiving / acquiring a DL signal (e.g., from the perspective of the wireless communication device). In some embodiments, the reference timing may correspond to a reference time unit. In some embodiments, the time difference information may be determined / generated using at least one of a mod function, a scaling factor, a reference time unit, a timing advance value, a time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing, a reference signal time difference, a time difference between the receive timing and the reference timing, a time difference between the transmit timing and the reference timing, and / or other information. In some embodiments, the time difference information may be determined according to one of: (reference time unit) - (timing advance value) + (time difference between receive timing and transmit timing), ((time difference between receive timing and transmit timing) - (timing advance value)) mod (reference time unit), (reference time unit) - (timing advance value) * (scaling factor) + (time difference between receive timing and transmit timing), and / or (time difference between receive timing and transmit timing) mod (reference time unit). In some embodiments, the scaling factor may be configured by (or using) higher layer signaling, such as radio resource control (RRC) signaling and / or medium access control control element (MAC-CE) signaling. In some embodiments, the scaling factor may be 1 / 2, 1, or 2 (or other values).In some embodiments, the timing advance value may be configured by (or according to) RRC and / or MAC-CE signaling for uplink transmission timing adjustment.

[0081] Referring now to operation 1356, in some embodiments, the wireless communication device may send / transmit / communicate a report / description. The wireless communication device may transmit the report according to (or based on) a configuration. In response to transmitting the report, the wireless communication node may receive / obtain the report. In some embodiments, the report may include / provide / specify / indicate a timestamp and / or other information. The timestamp may include an indication of a time instance, a time unit, a symbol index, a slot index, a subframe index, a frame index, a transmission opportunity index, and / or a duration for the time instance associated with the report. For example, the duration may include or correspond to a number of time units / symbols / slots / subframes / frames / transmission opportunities (e.g., before the reporting instance or before the report transmission). In some embodiments, at least one of time difference information, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, RS index, group information, and / or channel quality parameters in the report may be associated / related and / or determined according to a timestamp (e.g., the timestamp of the report).

[0082] In some embodiments, the report may include / provide / specify / indicate at least one of an average delay, a delay spread, a Doppler shift, and / or a Doppler spread. The Doppler shift and / or the Doppler spread may be determined according to (or by using) a DL RS. The DL RS may refer to / correspond to at least one DL RS among a plurality of DL RSs. In some embodiments, the DL RS may be reported / provided in a report. In some embodiments, the report may include / provide / specify at least one RS index. The at least one RS index may include at least one of an RS resource index, an RS resource set index, an RS resource configuration index, and / or a report configuration index. The at least one RS index may be associated with a timestamp, time difference information, an average delay, a delay spread, a Doppler shift, and / or a Doppler spread. In some embodiments, the time difference information may include a time difference between a receive timing and a transmit timing, a time difference between a receive timing and a reference timing, and / or a time difference between a transmit timing and a reference timing. If the time difference information includes a time difference between the receive timing and the transmit timing, a time difference between the receive timing and the reference timing, and / or a time difference between the transmit timing and the reference timing, the time difference information may be associated / related to one of the at least one RS index. In some embodiments, the time difference information may include a reference signal time difference. If the time difference information includes a reference signal time difference, the time difference information may be associated / related to two or more RS indexes of the at least one RS index. In some embodiments, multiple DL RSs corresponding to multiple RS indexes may be received / acquired simultaneously. In some embodiments, two or more DL RSs may be associated / related to the same / corresponding group information.In some embodiments, two or more DL RSs (eg, corresponding to two or more RS indices) may be received simultaneously and / or may be associated with different / separate / distinct group information.

[0083] In some embodiments, the report may include / specify / indicate N DL RSs. N may be a positive integer. In some embodiments, the DL RS with the best / optimal metric at a given timestamp may be reported / specified in the report. At least one of the N DL RSs may be associated with the timestamp. In some embodiments, the N DL RSs may be selected / identified from multiple DL RSs. The configuration may be configured by RRC and / or MAC-CE signaling (or other type of signaling). In some embodiments, the second RS in the report may be selected from multiple DL RSs. The second RS may be selected / identified according to (or based on) the first RS. The first RS may be included / specified / provided in a previous report and / or report. In some embodiments, the first DL RS may be included / specified in the report. If the first DL RS is included in the report, the first DL RS may be associated / associated with an earlier timestamp and / or associated with a smaller index corresponding to the timestamp. In some embodiments, the initial DL RS to be measured may be determined according to (or by using) the DL RS. The DL RS may be for determining quasi-co-location (QCL) hypotheses for the downlink data channel and / or the downlink control channel. In some embodiments, the initial DL RS may be configured by RRC or MAC-CE signaling. In some embodiments, the initial DL RS may be (or may correspond to) the DL RS (e.g., multiple DL RSs) with the lowest or highest index (ID) in a pool. In some embodiments, the association / relationship between DL RSs or time units thereof and / or UL RSs or time units thereof may be indicated / provided / defined by DCI, RRC, and / or MAC-CE signaling.

[0084] In some embodiments, the beam state may apply to the DL RS and / or the UL RS. In some embodiments, the UL RS may be associated / associated with the same spatial relationship and / or the same beam as the DL RS. In some embodiments, one DCI (e.g., a single DCI) may trigger transmission of the DL RS and / or the UL RS. In some embodiments, the spatial relationship and / or beam of the UL RS may be determined based on (or according to) the DL RS. In some embodiments, the configuration may be associated / associated with the first reporting quantity. In some embodiments, the CSI request codepoint in the DCI may be associated with a resource set for the DL RS and a resource set for the UL RS, may be associated with both a CSI trigger state and a UL RS trigger state, and / or may be associated with both a CSI trigger state and a resource set for the UL RS. In some embodiments, the CSI trigger state indicated by the DCI may be associated / associated with a resource set. The resource set may include the UL RS. In some embodiments, at least one DL RS resource in a DL RS resource set may be quasi-colocated (QCLed) and / or associated with the same transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state and / or the same quasi-colocated (QCL) type RS. In some embodiments, at least one UL RS resource in a UL RS resource set may be QCLed and / or associated with the same TCI state and / or the same spatial relationship. In some embodiments, a DL RS may include a DL RS resource set. In some embodiments, a UL RS may include one or more UL resource sets. At least one DL RS resource in a DL RS resource set may be divided / organized / partitioned into S DL RS resource subsets.

[0085] In some embodiments, the beam state may be indicated / specified / provided by DCI, MAC-CE, and / or RRC. In some embodiments, the DCI may include multiple DCI formats, such as DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, and / or DCI format 0_2. In some embodiments, time difference information may be included / specified in the report. The report may be carried in the UL channel initialized by the DCI. In some embodiments, the DL RS may include a Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS) and / or other RSs. The CSI-RS may be associated with a repetition parameter and / or a trs-info parameter. In some embodiments, the UL RS may include / correspond to a Sounding RS (SRS). In some embodiments, the DL RS resources in a DL RS resource subset may be QCL-ized and / or associated with the same TCI state and / or the same QCL type RS. In some embodiments, one of at least one UL RS resource set may be mapped / associated / linked to the DL RS resource subset. One of the at least one UL RS resource set may be mapped to a DL RS resource subset according to (or by using) DCI, MAC-CE, and / or RRC signaling. In some embodiments, the spatial relationship and / or path loss RS may be determined according to (or based on) the associated DL RS, associated DL RS subgroup, and / or DL ​​RS or DL ​​RS subgroup in the report. The spatial relationship and / or path loss RS may correspond to one of the at least one UL RS resource set. In some embodiments, the UL RS may not be configured with at least one of the spatial relationship and / or path loss RS.In some embodiments, the association / relationship between the first DL RS or time unit thereof and / or the second DL RS or time unit thereof may be indicated / specified / provided by Downlink Control Information (DCI), Radio Resource Control (RRC), and / or Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling.

[0086] In some embodiments, a channel state information (CSI) request code point in a DCI may be associated with two or more DL RS resource groups. In some embodiments, a first DL RS may be selected / identified / determined from a first DL RS group. A second DL RS may be selected / identified from a second DL RS group. In some embodiments, one DCI may trigger a first DL RS and / or a second DL RS. In some embodiments, a configuration may be associated with a second reporting quantity. In some embodiments, DL RS resources in the first DL RS group and / or the second DL RS group may be quasi-colocated (QCLed) and / or associated with the same beam and / or the same quasi-colocation (QCL) type RS. In some embodiments, a DCI may comprise DCI Format 0_0, DCI Format 0_1, and / or DCI Format 0_2. In some embodiments, time difference information may be included / specified / provided in the report. The report may be carried / communicated in an UL channel initialized by DCI, MAC-CE, and / or RRC. In some embodiments, the DL RS may comprise a Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS). The CSI-RS may be associated / related to a repetition parameter and / or a trs-info parameter (or other parameters).

[0087] While various embodiments of the present solution have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. Similarly, various diagrams may depict example architectures or configurations provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand example features and functionality of the present solution. However, such persons will understand that the solution is not limited to the example architectures or configurations depicted, but can be implemented using various alternative architectures and configurations. Furthermore, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, one or more features of one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the example embodiments described above.

[0088] It is also understood that any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first," "second," etc., does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations may be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements can be used or that the first element must in any way precede the second element.

[0089] Additionally, those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, and symbols that may be referred to in the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0090] Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods, and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., digital implementations, analog implementations, or a combination of the two), firmware, various forms of programs or design code incorporating instructions (for convenience, referred to herein as “software” or “software modules”), or any combination of these technologies. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software, or a combination of these technologies, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, and such implementation decisions are not intended to depart from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0091] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various example logical blocks, modules, devices, components, and circuits described herein can be implemented in or performed by an integrated circuit (IC), which may include a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logical blocks, modules, and circuits may further include an antenna and / or transceiver for communicating with various components within a network or device. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, although in alternative examples, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration for performing the functions described herein.

[0092] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein can be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that can enable a computer program or code to be transferred from one place to another. A storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.

[0093] As used herein, the term "module" refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Furthermore, for purposes of explanation, various modules are described as individual modules. However, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs associated functions according to embodiments of the present solution.

[0094] Furthermore, memory or other storage devices and communication components may be used in embodiments of the solution. It will be understood that, for clarity, the above description has described embodiments of the solution with reference to different functional units and processors. However, it will be apparent that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements, or domains may be used without detracting from the solution. For example, functionality shown to be performed by separate processing logic elements or controllers may be performed by the same processing logic element or controller. Thus, references to specific functional units do not indicate a strict logical or physical structure or organization, but merely to suitable means for providing the described functionality.

[0095] Various modifications to the embodiments described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

1. 1. A method, comprising: A wireless communication device receiving, from a wireless communication node, configurations for a plurality of downlink (DL) reference signals (RS); receiving at least one of the plurality of DL RSs by the wireless communication device; the wireless communication device transmitting a report to the wireless communication node; Including, the report includes a timestamp, the timestamp comprising a time instance; A method wherein a channel quality parameter in the report is determined as a function of the timestamp.

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the report includes at least one RS index, the at least one RS index comprising at least one of an RS resource index, an RS resource set index, an RS resource configuration index, or a report configuration index, and the at least one RS index is associated with the timestamp.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel quality parameter comprises reference signal received power (RSRP).

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the report comprises channel state information (CSI).

5. the report includes N DL RSs, where N is a positive integer; The DL RS with the best metric at a given timestamp is reported in the report, one of the N DL RSs being associated with the timestamp; or The method of claim 1 , wherein the N DL RSs are selected from the plurality of DL RSs, and the configuration is configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

6. 1. A method, comprising: a wireless communication node transmitting a configuration for a plurality of downlink (DL) reference signals (RS) to a wireless communication device, the wireless communication device receiving at least one of the plurality of DL RSs; receiving a report from the wireless communication device by the wireless communication node; Including, the report includes a timestamp, the timestamp comprising a time instance; A method wherein a channel quality parameter in the report is determined as a function of the timestamp.

7. 1. A wireless communication device, the wireless communication device comprising: at least one processor; receiving, via a transceiver, from a wireless communication node, configurations for a plurality of downlink (DL) reference signals (RS); receiving at least one of the plurality of DL RSs via the transceiver; transmitting a report to the wireless communication node via the transceiver; and the report includes a timestamp, the timestamp comprising a time instance; A wireless communication device, wherein a channel quality parameter in the report is determined as a function of the timestamp.

8. 1. A wireless communication node, the wireless communication node comprising at least one processor, the at least one processor comprising: transmitting, via a transceiver, a configuration for a plurality of downlink (DL) reference signals (RS) to a wireless communication device, wherein the wireless communication device receives at least one of the plurality of DL RSs; receiving a report from the wireless communication device via the transceiver; and the report includes a timestamp, the timestamp comprising a time instance; A wireless communication node, wherein the channel quality parameter in the report is determined in response to the timestamp.

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