Information Authentication System

Abstract

To provide an information authentication system capable of ensuring high authenticity.SOLUTION: A second information processing device (300) of an information authentication system (100) creates, when receiving a hash value (211) from a first information processing device of a user, a time stamp token (350) in which reception time information obtained from a clock (330) having the most highly precise resolution and the hash value (211) are integrated; and transmits the time stamp token (350) to the first information processing device of the user.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an information authentication system, an information processing device, an information processing method, a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method, and stickers and banknotes (or banknote substitutes) produced in connection with these, which enable the authenticity of information to be guaranteed. [Background technology]

[0002] An information processing device that uses a timestamp to ensure the authenticity of information is described in JP 2022-094755 A. This information processing device is equipped with a control unit, which issues a timestamp when a request is made to issue a timestamp for the data after acquiring the data. This timestamp ensures the authenticity of the data. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-094755 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, if unauthorized access is made to the control unit of the information processing device, it is impossible to guarantee authenticity based on the timestamp. If it were possible to shut out unauthorized access to the control unit, authenticity could be guaranteed using timestamps, but such shutting out is difficult in reality, and the above publication does not mention protection against unauthorized access. The present invention has been made in consideration of the problems with such conventional information processing devices, and aims to provide an information authentication system, an information processing device, an information processing method, a program for causing a computer to execute the information processing method, and stickers and banknotes (or banknote substitutes) produced in connection with these, which are capable of ensuring higher authenticity. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] Until now, most data in the information space has been treated on the assumption that it can be copied or rewritten, and authenticity has not been required. Nowadays, with the advent of technologies such as blockchain technology that make data tampering impossible and technologies that ensure monotonicity, digital currencies such as Bitcoin have emerged in the digital space. The subsequent Ethereum standard, ERC721, made it possible to associate any information with each issued token by giving tokens pointer variables. This made it possible to achieve uniqueness and non-fungibility, leading to the spread of NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) and related services. However, in many cases, the target of a pointer variable is linked to data (e.g., digital art) in an external database separate from the Ethereum data structure.

[0006] For this reason, the data on this external database is at risk of being tampered with or hacked, and even if it is algorithmically non-fungible, the authenticity of the data structure is not guaranteed. The present invention proposes to link data with properties in the physical space to ensure higher authenticity. It is self-evident that in physical space, uniqueness is guaranteed for any property. For example, coins without serial numbers like those on banknotes can be considered interchangeable in everyday life, but their physical properties at the microstructural level are not equivalent.

[0007] In contrast to this, time is something that has universal uniqueness. At high-precision time units, the probability of multiple incidents occurring at the same time is close to zero. Therefore, the time at which an incident occurs can be considered to be unique. In quantum mechanics, the smallest unit of time is Planck time Tp. Planck time Tp is uniquely determined by the Planck length and the speed of light in a vacuum, Tp=(HG / C 5 ) 1 / 2 =5.39116(13)×10 ―44 s (H is the Dirac constant, G is the gravitational constant, and C is the speed of light in a vacuum.) For example, if one second is expressed as Planck time Tp, then 1 second = 1.855×10 43 Tp This becomes: Thus, it is highly unlikely that multiple incidents will occur simultaneously within the time interval of the Planck time Tp. In this way, the present invention guarantees high authenticity for any information by using time information based on a highly accurate clock.

[0008] Specifically, the present invention provides an information authentication system (100) comprising a first information processing device (200) used by a user and a second information processing device (300) used by an authenticator, wherein the first information processing device (200) comprises a conversion device (210) that converts information designated by the user into a hash value (211), and a user-side communication device (220) that communicates with the second information processing device (300) via a network (400), and the second information processing device (300) comprises an authenticator-side communication device (310) that communicates with the user-side communication device (220) of the first information processing device (200) via the network (400), a control device (320), and a clock (330) that notifies the control device (320) of the reception time of the hash value (211) received from the first information processing device (200), a printing device (360); The clock (330) is most The control device (320) is configured with a clock having high accuracy resolution, and creates a time stamp token (350) by integrating the hash value (211) with information on the time of reception of the hash value (211), and transmits the time stamp token (350) to the first information processing device (200) via the authenticator side communication device (310). The control device (320) prints the time stamp token (350) on a seal (362) via the printing device (360), and the seal (362) has a structure in which the time stamp token (350) is destroyed when the seal (362) is peeled off from the object after being attached to the object. The present invention provides an information authentication system (100).

[0009] The timekeeping means (330) is, for example, an optical lattice clock. The first information processing device (200) can be configured as a portable telephone device (200A). before Preferably, the second information processing device (300B) further comprises an encryption device (370). The control device (320) converts the timestamp token (350) into a code via the encryption device (370) and prints the code on a medium (361, 362) via the printing device (360). The encryption is, for example, a digital watermark.

[0010] It is preferable that the second information processing device (300B) further includes a decryption device (380). The decryption device (380) decrypts the encryption converted by the encryption device (370). do. before The timestamp token (350) is For example, it is created as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and aluminum is vapor-deposited onto the target object.

[0012] Book The invention further provides a method for processing information consisting of a hash value (211) received from a user's information processing device (200) via a network (400), comprising: a first step of acquiring reception time information indicating the time when the hash value (211) was received from the user's information processing device (200); a second step of creating a timestamp token (350) by integrating the reception time information into the hash value (211); and a third step of transmitting the timestamp token (350) to the user's information processing device (200). a fourth step of printing the time stamp token (350) on a seal (382) via a printing device (360); and the time is most The time is measured by a time measuring means (330) having a high resolution. The seal (362) has a structure in which the time stamp token (350) is destroyed when the seal (362) is attached to an object and then peeled off from the object. An information processing method is provided.

[0013] The information processing method further comprises a fifth step of converting the time stamp token (350) into a cipher through an encryption device (370), and in the fourth step, the cipher is The seal (362) It is preferable that the information be printed on a sheet of paper. It is preferable that the information processing method further comprises a sixth step of decrypting the timestamp token (350) converted into an encrypted form by the encryption device (370) via a decryption device (380). The timestamp token (350) is preferably created as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and is aluminum-deposited on the object.

[0014] The present invention further comprises: The above A program for causing a computer to execute the method to provide.

[0015] bracketThe reference numerals in parentheses are added to indicate the correspondence with the embodiments described later, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present invention, it is possible to issue timestamp tokens in digital and physical spaces using time information from a clock with high-precision resolution as a physical characteristic of the object to be authenticated, thereby ensuring uniqueness, authenticity, and non-fungibility for all objects in physical and digital spaces. Furthermore, it becomes possible to issue printed matter (official proof) such as paper or stickers that have sufficient authenticity. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] 1 is a block diagram of an information authentication system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the information authentication system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a mobile telephone device when a first information processing device is configured as a mobile telephone device in an information authentication system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a second information processing device used in an information authentication system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an information authentication system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] 10 is a partial flowchart showing the operation of an information authentication system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an information authentication system according to a third embodiment in which cryptocurrency is used instead of paper money. [Figure 8] 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the information authentication system according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] (First embodiment) FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an information authentication system 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The information authentication system 100 comprises a first information processing device 200 used by a user and a second information processing device 300 used by an authenticator. The first information processing device 200 and the second information processing device 300 are connected to each other via a network 400, and can communicate with each other wirelessly. The first information processing device 200 includes a conversion device 210 that converts information specified by a user into a hash value 211 using a hash function (e.g., SHA-2, SHA-3, etc.), a user-side communication interface 220 that communicates with an authenticator-side communication interface 310 (described later) of the second information processing device 300 via a network 400, a first memory 230 that stores the hash value 211 converted by the conversion device 210, and a second memory 240 that stores a timestamp token 350 (described later) transmitted from the second information processing device 300.

[0019] The second information processing device 300 includes an authenticator-side communication interface 310 that communicates with the user-side communication interface 220 of the first information processing device 200 via the network 400, a control device 320 that creates a timestamp token 350 and performs other operations, and an optical lattice clock 330 as a timing means that provides time information to the control device 320. The control device 320 is composed of a central processing unit (CPU) 321, a first memory 322 consisting of ROM, a second memory 323 consisting of RAM, an input interface 324 for transferring various commands and data input via the authenticator side communication interface 310 to the central processing unit 321, and an output interface 325 for outputting the results of processing performed by the central processing unit 321 (e.g., timestamp token 350) to the outside.

[0020] The first memory 322 stores various control programs and other unrewritable data executed by the central processing unit 321. Specifically, the first memory 322 includes a private key storage area 3221 that stores a private key used to issue a timestamp, a hash value storage area 3222 that stores a hash value 211 transmitted from the first information processing unit 200, a program storage area 3223 that stores various control programs (applications), a timestamp token storage area 3224 that stores a created timestamp token 350, and an additional information storage area 3225 that stores additional information necessary for the operation of the central processing unit 321. A program for executing a method for creating timestamp token 350 (see FIG. 2 described later) is stored in program value storage area 3223, and timestamp token 350 is created in accordance with this program.

[0021] The second memory 323 stores various data and parameters and provides a working area for the central processing unit 321, i.e., stores data temporarily required for the central processing unit 321 to execute various control programs (e.g., a program for creating the timestamp token 350). The central processing unit 321 reads a program from the program storage area 3223 of the first memory 322 and executes the program. That is, the central processing unit 321 operates in accordance with the program stored in the first memory 322. In this embodiment, the program storage area 3223 of the first memory 322 stores a program for causing the central processing unit 321 to execute a method for creating a timestamp token 350, and the central processing unit 321 executes the method for creating a timestamp token 350 in accordance with this program, as will be described later, and creates the timestamp token 350.

[0022] When the authenticator communication interface 310 receives the hash value 211 from the first information processing device 200, it transmits the received signal to the optical lattice clock 330. The optical lattice clock 330 transmits the time at which the received signal was received to the central processing unit 321 as reception time information. The optical lattice clock 330 has been selected as the clock with the highest accuracy currently available. The Optical Lattice Clock 330 is a type of atomic clock that uses laser light to trap cooled strontium atoms in an interference pattern of laser light called an optical lattice, and measures the vibrations of the atoms. The accuracy of the Optical Lattice Clock 330 is much higher than that of cesium atomic clocks, with an error of less than a billionth of a second per second.

[0023] 2 is a flowchart showing the operation of the information authentication system 100. The operation of the information authentication system 100 will be described below with reference to FIGS. First, the user prepares first data 201. The first data 201 includes electronic data of the authentication object that the user wishes to authenticate. The authentication object includes all two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects, as well as digital content. For example, digital content includes digital currency (encrypted currency), programming code, video, audio, and other digital information data, two-dimensional objects include photographs, drawings, and documents, and three-dimensional objects include sculptures, gemstones, and living things such as plants and animals. A user inputs first data 201 into conversion device 210. Conversion device 210 has a built-in hash function, and first data 201 is converted into hash value 211 via the hash function (step S101).

[0024] The hash value 211 is stored in the first memory 230 (step S102), and is also transmitted from the user side communication interface 220 to the authenticator side communication interface 310 of the second information processing device 300 via the network 400 (step S103). When the second information processing device 300 receives the hash value 211 from the first information processing device 200 (step S104), a reception signal is sent from the authenticator side communication interface 310 to the optical lattice clock 330, and the optical lattice clock 330 counts the time when the hash value 211 is received (step S105) and sends a signal indicating the reception time to the central processing device 321 (step S106). When the central processing unit 321 receives a reception time signal indicating the time at which the hash value 211 was received from the optical lattice clock 330, it reads a program for creating a timestamp token from the program storage area 3223 of the first memory 322 and creates a timestamp token 350 according to this program (step S107).

[0025] The timestamp token 350 is created using a private key read from the private key storage area 3221 . The time stamp token 350 includes the hash value 211 of the first data 201 and the reception time information obtained from the optical lattice clock 330 . The central processing unit 321 stores the created timestamp token 350 in the timestamp token storage area 3224 of the first memory 322, and transmits the timestamp token 350 to the first information processing unit 200 via the authenticator side communication interface 310 (step S108). When the first information processing device 200 receives the time stamp token 350 from the second information processing device 300 (step S109), the time stamp token 350 is stored in the second memory 240 (step S110). After a user receives the timestamp token 350 from the second information processing device 300, a certain period of time (e.g., one year) passes, and when the user checks the authenticity of the first data 201, i.e., checks whether the first data 201 has been tampered with, the check is performed as follows.

[0026] First, the user reconverts the first data 201 into a hash value 211A via the conversion device 210 (step S111). Furthermore, the time stamp token 350 is read from the second memory 240, and the hash value 211B of the first data 201 sent from the second information processing device 300 is obtained (step S112). Next, the user compares hash value 211A with hash value 211B (step S113) and determines whether they are the same (step S114). If the hash value 211A and the hash value 211B are the same (YES in step S114), it is determined that the first data 201 has not been tampered with (step S115).

[0027] On the other hand, if the hash value 211A and the hash value 211B are not the same (NO in step S114), it is determined that the first data 201 has been tampered with (step S116). As described above, according to the information authentication system 100 of this embodiment, by creating a timestamp token using the optical lattice clock 330, which is the clock currently having the highest resolution as a timekeeping means, it is possible to verify authenticity with high precision. Furthermore, by using time information, which is a characteristic of the physical space, it is possible to achieve highly accurate authentication in the digital space. In this way, the uniqueness, authenticity and non-fungibility of all objects in physical and digital space can be ensured.

[0028] The structure of the information authentication system 100 according to this embodiment is not limited to the above structure, and various modifications are possible. The data converted into the hash value 211 and sent to the second information processing device 300 can include information specific to the user himself / herself or information relating to attributes that only the user possesses, in addition to the first data 201. For example, this may be the user's passport number, driver's license number, or photographs of the user's teeth or fingerprints. For example, if the object to be authenticated is a grandfather's keepsake pipe, the data can include three-dimensional measurements of the teeth shape of the grandfather's mouthpiece. Or, if the object to be authenticated is a valuable piece of wood, the data can include photographic data of its tree rings. In this way, by including information unique to the user in the timestamp token 350, the first data 201, which is the object to be authenticated, is stored in a state linked to user information (e.g., the user's passport number), which is a characteristic in the physical space. Since uniqueness is ensured for any characteristic in the physical space, it is possible to ensure a higher level of authenticity for the first data 201, which is the object to be authenticated.

[0029] In this embodiment, the second information processing device 300 is configured as one component of the information authentication system 100, but the second information processing device 300 can also be used as a standalone device for authentication. In this embodiment, the optical lattice clock 330 is used as the clock with the highest resolution at that time, but if a high-precision clock with a resolution exceeding that of the optical lattice clock is developed in the future, that clock will be used instead of the optical lattice clock 330. It is possible that multiple incidents may occur within the time interval of the resolution of the optical lattice clock 330. In preparation for such a case, rules for determining the order are determined in advance, and each of the multiple incidents is assigned a distinguishable value (such as a number) according to the rules. Any device can be used as the first information processing device 200 as long as it has the functions of the above-described first information processing device 200. For example, it can be configured as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet, or a smartphone (mobile phone device).

[0030] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the structure of a mobile telephone device 200A when the first information processing device 200 is configured as the mobile telephone device 200A. The mobile telephone device 200A includes a communication interface 220, a control device 250, a first memory 230, a second memory 240, an input / output section 260, an antenna 270, and a battery 280 that supplies power to each component. The communication interface 220 is connected to an antenna 270, and transmits and receives data to and from other mobile telephone devices (including the second information processing device 300) via the antenna 270 by wireless communication. The communication interface 220 includes a wireless receiving unit 211 , a wireless transmitting unit 212 , and a changeover switch 213 . The wireless receiving unit 211 demodulates data received from other portable telephone devices and sends the data to the control device 250. The wireless transmitting unit 212 modulates data output from the control device 250 and transmits the data to other portable telephone devices via the antenna 270. The changeover switch 213 receives an instruction signal from the control device 250 and switches between transmission and reception in accordance with the instruction signal.

[0031] The control device 250 is composed of a central processing unit (CPU) 251, a first memory 252 consisting of ROM, a second memory 253 consisting of RAM, an input interface 254 for transferring various commands and data input to the control device 250 to the central processing unit 251, an output interface 255 for outputting the processing results executed by the central processing unit 251 to the outside, and a bus 256 connecting the central processing unit 251 to each of the first memory 252, the second memory 253, the input interface 254 and the output interface 255. The control device 250 has the same functions as the control device 320 of the second information processing device 300 .

[0032] The central processing unit 251 reads the program for hash value conversion from the first memory 252, and converts the first data 201 into a hash value in accordance with the program. That is, the control device 250 (central processing unit 251) also functions as the conversion device 210. The input / output section 260 is made up of an operation unit 261 , a display 262 , and a speaker 263 . The operation unit 261 is made up of, for example, a numeric keypad, and various data are input to the portable telephone device 200A via the operation unit 261. The display 262 is, for example, a liquid crystal display, and displays the results of calculations performed by the control device 250 and other data on the screen. The voice data transmitted from the other portable telephone device is output through the speaker 263 . The first memory 230 functions as an external memory for the control device 250. The hash value 211 created by the control device 250, the results of calculations performed by the control device 250, and other data are stored in the first memory 230. The time stamp token 350 transmitted from the second information processing device 300 is stored in the second memory 240 .

[0033] (Second embodiment) FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a second information processing device 300A used in the information authentication system according to the second embodiment. The information authentication system according to the second embodiment has the same structure as the information authentication system 100 according to the first embodiment, except that the second information processing device 300A of FIG. 4 is used instead of the second information processing device 300 in the information authentication system 100 according to the first embodiment. The second information processing device 300A is additionally equipped with a printer (printing device) 360 compared to the second information processing device 300 in the first embodiment. The operation of the printer 360 is controlled by the central processing unit 321. The printer 360 has the function of printing the timestamp token 350 created by the central processing unit 321 onto a medium. Examples of media for printing include paper 361 and sticker 362. The paper 361 or sticker 362 on which the time stamp token 350 is printed is sent to the user.

[0034] The user stores the paper 361 or sticker 362 on which the timestamp token 350 is printed for future authentication. In particular, if the timestamp token 350 is printed on sticker 362, it is possible to affix sticker 362 to an object to be authenticated and store it. The seal 362 may have a structure such that, after being affixed to an object to be authenticated, the data stored in the timestamp token 350 is destroyed when the seal 362 is peeled off from the object to be authenticated. For example, timestamp token 350 can be created as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and aluminum vapor-deposited onto the object, so that if timestamp token 350 is removed from the object, the data inside timestamp token 350 will be destroyed.

[0035] As described above, according to this embodiment, by printing the timestamp token 350 on paper 361 or sticker 362, the user can confirm the data to be authenticated in physical space in addition to the timestamp token 350 as digital content. Furthermore, even if the information in the timestamp token 350 is leaked to the outside, the user can prove the legitimacy of his / her possession of the authentication object by presenting the printed matter (paper 361 or sticker 362). In this embodiment, the second information processing device 300A is configured as one component of the information authentication system, but the second information processing device 300A can also be used as a standalone device. For example, a country's government can create a timestamp token 350 that stores a serial number and other information, and issue banknotes with the timestamp token 350 printed on them. Alternatively, a company can create a time stamp token 350 that stores a serial number and other information, and issue a voucher, prepaid card, or other paper currency substitute with the time stamp token 350 printed on it. It is preferable that the printer (printing device) 360 is capable of performing counterfeit-proof printing, such as printing using advanced counterfeit-proof technology such as watermarks or latent images, as used by the National Printing Bureau.

[0036] (Third embodiment) Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an information authentication system 100A according to the third embodiment. The information authentication system 100A according to the third embodiment has the same structure as the information authentication system according to the second embodiment, except that the second information processing device 300A in the information authentication system according to the second embodiment is replaced with a second information processing device 300B shown in Fig. 5. The second information processing device 300B in this embodiment additionally includes an encryption device 370 and a decryption device 380 compared to the second information processing device 300A in the second embodiment. The encryption unit 370 converts the time stamp token 350 created by the central processing unit 321 into a cipher. An example of encryption is digital watermarking, which is a technology for embedding specific data into various digital content in a manner that is indistinguishable to human perception.

[0037] The encrypted timestamp token 350 is printed on paper 361 or sticker 362 via printer 360 in accordance with instructions from the central processing unit 321 . The decryption device 380 decrypts the time stamp token 350 encrypted by the encryption device 370 . The time stamp token 350 encrypted by the encryption device 370 is sent to the user as digital content in its encrypted form, or as a printed matter printed on paper 361 or a sticker 362. Alternatively, both the digital content and the printed matter are sent to the user. The user can send the encrypted timestamp token 350 to the second information processing device 300B and request that it be decrypted by the decryption device 380. 6 is a partial flowchart showing the operation of the information authentication system 100 A. The operation of the information authentication system 100 A will be described below with reference to FIGS.

[0038] The process by which the user obtains the hash value 211A is the same as the process shown in FIG. First, when authenticating an object to be authenticated, the user reconverts the first data 201 into a hash value 211A via the conversion device 210 (step S111). Next, the user requests the second information processing device 300B to decrypt the encrypted timestamp token 350 (electronic data, paper 361, or sticker 362) that was previously received from the second information processing device 300B. The second information processing device 300B decrypts the timestamp token 350 via the decryption device 380 and transmits it to the user (first information processing device 200) as a hash value 211C (step S112A). Next, the user compares hash value 211A with hash value 211C (step S113A) and determines whether they are the same (step S114).

[0039] If the hash value 211A and the hash value 211C are the same (YES in step S114), it is determined that the first data 201 has not been tampered with (step S115). On the other hand, if the hash value 211A and the hash value 211C are not the same (NO in step S114), it is determined that the first data 201 has been tampered with (step S116). As described above, according to this embodiment, the timestamp token 350 is transmitted and received in an encrypted state, so that the confidentiality of the internal data (first data 201) of the timestamp token 350 can be improved.

[0040] (Fourth embodiment) As described in the second embodiment, a government of a country can issue banknotes on which timestamp tokens 350 storing serial numbers and other information are printed. Furthermore, as described in the third embodiment, it is also possible to print timestamp tokens 350 on banknotes after encrypting (digitally watermarking) the timestamp tokens 350. In this way, by issuing banknotes on which the timestamp token 350 is printed, it is possible to use these banknotes as part of a nation's economic policy. An example of this will be described below. Although a face value is displayed on a banknote on which the timestamp token 350 is printed, this face value is not a fixed value; rather, the amount is set to decrease over a certain period of time from the time the timestamp token 350 is printed. The fixed period of time can be, for example, the half-life, and the face value can be set to decrease according to the half-life every time a fixed period of time (for example, one day) passes.

[0041] If half-life is used as the algorithm for reducing face value, and the half-life is one year (365 days), the face value will decrease by the 365th root of 2 (2 1 / 365 ):1. In other words, the face value will be (2 1 / 365 For example, a banknote with a face value of 10,000 yen will be worth 9,981 yen the next day, 9,439 yen a week later, 7,492 yen six months later, 5,000 yen a year later, and 2,500 yen two years later. The reduction of banknotes based on the half-life begins the day after the banknote is issued, and all issued banknotes are reduced every day (24 hours) according to the half-life. The reduction in the denomination of banknotes is returned to the state, i.e., the reduction in the denomination of banknotes is treated as being returned to the treasury, and the state can use this reduction for the state budget.

[0042] When a user receives a banknote, they can use it to purchase goods and other consumption activities, which will reduce the face value of the banknote. However, even if the user does not engage in such consumption activities, the face value of the banknote will continue to decrease over time, as described above. For example, suppose the Bank of Japan, the central bank of Japan, issues banknotes with 350 timestamp tokens printed on them and distributes them to each and every Japanese citizen. The currency used in today's society is based on the assumption that its value will not decrease, that is, its value will be preserved. This allows the wealthy to accumulate funds and invest them at interest rates. As a result, only a portion of the total amount of funds flows into the market, which provides little stimulus to the market and makes it difficult for the economy to revitalize. In other words, we can fall into a situation where only the financial economy is revitalized and the real economy is not. However, by giving the banknotes on which the timestamp token 350 is printed the characteristic that the value decreases over time, it becomes possible to stimulate and encourage consumption behavior.

[0043] As a result, in an economy where paper money has a half-life, paper money will be more widely circulated, the economy will be stimulated, and the entire market will become richer. We can expect a shift from the current society where the rich get richer to one where everyone involved in the entire market can become rich. In 2020, the Bank of Japan issued approximately 120 trillion yen in currency (Japanese yen) through its quantitative easing policy (QE). These funds are flowing to commercial banks and other financial institutions. As an economic policy that applies the information authentication system 100A, banknotes of the same amount (banknotes printed with timestamp token 350) would be distributed directly to the people as Universal Basic Income (UBI). For example, the Bank of Japan (central bank) would directly transfer a fixed amount, such as 200,000 yen per month, to each and every citizen every month. This would create credit equivalent to 200,000 x the total number of citizens per month.

[0044] From the public's perspective, the initiative of "directly distributing funds instead of purchasing government bonds from commercial banks" is highly popular. If the rate of decrease due to the halving is greater than the interest rate, paper money will not be saved, and consumption will be promoted, stimulating the economy and revitalizing the entire market, specifically the real economy. In addition, according to an announcement by the Bank of England (the central bank of the United Kingdom), direct purchase operations using legal tender (currency whose value does not decrease) to the public will encourage consumer spending and increase GDP by 3%, which will also have the effect of stimulating the economy. Even with a currency whose value does not decrease, purchasing operations will not only encourage consumption by the public, but will also encourage consumption through banknotes whose face value decreases over time, so we can expect a further increase in GDP.

[0045] The 200,000 yen worth of banknotes distributed to citizens per month under Universal Basic Income (UBI) will decrease daily due to the halving period. The central bank calculates the amount of banknotes being reduced daily, and the amount is recorded as the central bank's assets. For example, after the one-year halving period, half of the total credit creation (200,000 per month x total population) will return to the central bank. JPEG0007794400000001.jpg64158 Table 1 shows the relationship between UBI issuance, collection, general account and surplus amounts. For example, if the amount distributed to the public is 2 million yen per year, a total of 240 trillion yen will be paid to 120 million people each year, and 120 trillion yen will be returned to the central bank after one year (180 trillion yen + α from the second year onwards), as shown in Table 1. If this is converted into Japanese yen as legal tender and deposited in the national treasury, it will be possible to cover the general account (120 trillion yen) every year, and in theory, a tax-free nation will be born.

[0046] The decrease in paper currency due to the half-life can be seen as a tax in substance. The current consumption tax system is tax revenue that is influenced by consumer spending behavior, and can be seen as a "penalty for consuming," which is contradictory and discourages consumption. On the other hand, in the information authentication system 100A that uses paper currency whose amount decreases due to its half-life, tax revenue (from the decrease in paper currency) is generated automatically, so it becomes a stable source of revenue. The decrease in paper currency due to its half-life is considered a "penalty for not consuming," so it is naturally expected to have the effect of promoting consumption. The decrease in the amount of banknotes returned by citizens to the central bank can be stopped by halving, i.e., the currency value can be conserved. By setting the banknotes in this way, the central bank or the state can use the collected banknotes without reducing their value. For example, if the collected banknotes are first used to cover the general account, and any surplus remains, the surplus can be given overseas, preventing inflation in Japan. It can be used for overseas aid such as ODA, or to purchase U.S. Treasury securities, EU bonds, or Chinese government bonds.

[0047] With traditional currencies (legal tender), whose value does not decrease over time, those with assets choose to invest their funds at interest rates and gain even more wealth. Because they do not circulate in the market, they do not stimulate the economy. Workers in societies where the economy is not improving cannot afford to hoard assets. As a result, the gap between rich and poor tends to widen. In contrast, in a society where paper currency with a halving life is introduced, consumption behavior is encouraged, the economy is stimulated, and everyone involved in the market benefits. In other words, the switch from the current legal tender to paper currency marks a major turning point from a society with a low level of abstraction, where "individual interests are prioritized," to a society with a higher level of abstraction, where "the interests of all are prioritized." As described above, the information authentication system 100A according to this embodiment can serve as the basis for policies that are extremely useful to society, and has the potential to solve current economic problems.

[0048] The above describes economic policies that use banknotes (actual currency) on which timestamp tokens 350 are printed, but similar economic policies can also be implemented using cryptocurrency (virtual currency) instead of banknotes (actual currency). By using cryptocurrency, it becomes possible to more smoothly recover the loss in the face value of banknotes. FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an information authentication system 100B in which cryptocurrency is used. As shown in FIG. 7, the information authentication system 100B is composed of a second information processing device 300C and a plurality of information processing devices 500 owned by each citizen. Compared to the second information processing device 300 in the first embodiment, the second information processing device 300C additionally includes a wallet 390 as an application for storing cryptocurrency 363. The control device 320 creates cryptocurrency 363 incorporating the data of the timestamp token 350 and stores it in the wallet 390.

[0049] Each information processing device 500 is connected to the second information processing device 300C via the network 400, and is capable of transmitting and receiving wireless signals to and from the second information processing device 300C. Each information processing device 500 includes a control device 510 that controls the operation of the information processing device 500, a timing means 520 that measures the passage of time and transmits the measurement results to the control device 510, and a wallet 530 as an application that stores cryptocurrency 363. Each information processing device 500 can be configured, for example, from a mobile telephone device. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the information authentication system 100 B. The operation of the information authentication system 100 B will be described below with reference to FIGS.

[0050] The second information processing device 300C periodically transmits the cryptocurrency 363 to each information processing device 500. For example, the second information processing device 300C transmits the cryptocurrency 363 to each information processing device 500 once a day, once a week, or once a month (step S200 in FIG. 8). The cryptocurrency 363 received by each information processing device 500 is stored in the wallet 530 (step S210 in FIG. 8). As described above, the face value of the cryptocurrency 363 stored in the wallet 530 of each information processing device 500 starts to decrease from the day after it is issued (stored), and decreases every day according to the half-life. When the cryptocurrency 363 is transmitted from the second information processing device 300C to each information processing device 500, the timing means 520 of each information processing device 500 starts measuring the passage of time from the time when the cryptocurrency 363 is received at each information processing device 500 (step S220 in FIG. 8). The timing means 520 transmits the measurement result to the control device 510, for example, every hour (step S230 in FIG. 8).

[0051] The control device 510 determines whether one day (24 hours) has passed based on the measurement result transmitted from the timing means 520 (step S240 in FIG. 8). If one day (24 hours) has not passed since the cryptocurrency 363 was received, the determination of whether one day (24 hours) has passed is repeated (NO in step S240 of FIG. 8). If one day (24 hours) has passed since the information processing device 500 received the cryptocurrency 363 (YES in step S240 of FIG. 8), the control device 510 calculates the amount of cryptocurrency 363 that has decreased in one day (step S250 of FIG. 8). The cryptocurrency 363 has a half-life of one year (365 days) and its currency amount decreases. Therefore, the daily decrease D is calculated using the following formula (A). D=R×2 1 / 365 (R: Amount of cryptocurrency 363) For example, if the amount of the encrypted currency 363 transmitted from the second information processing device 300C to the information processing device 500 is 10,000 yen, the amount of the encrypted currency 363 decreases by 19 yen on the first day.

[0052] Therefore, after one day (24 hours) has passed since receiving Cryptocurrency 363, 10,000-19=9,981 yen 363 of the cryptocurrency will remain in wallet 530. Alternatively, cryptocurrency 363 will lose 561 yen in the first week (7 days). Therefore, one week (7 days) after receiving Cryptocurrency 363, 10,000-561=9,439 yen 363 of the cryptocurrency will remain in wallet 530. Next, the control device 510 of each information processing device 500 transmits the decrement D of the cryptocurrency 363 on the first day to the second information processing device 300 via the network 400 (step S260 in FIG. 8). Even after transmitting the decrement D of the cryptocurrency 363 to the second information processing device 300C, the timing means 520 of each information processing device 500 continues to measure the passage of time from the time when the information processing device 500 received the cryptocurrency 363 as the starting point, and transmits the measurement result, for example, every hour, to the control device 510. The control device 510 determines whether one day (24 hours) has passed based on the measurement result transmitted from the timing means 520 (step S270 in FIG. 8).

[0053] If one day (24 hours) has not passed since the last time the decrement in cryptocurrency 363 was sent (i.e., if two days (48 hours) have not passed since the information processing device 500 received the cryptocurrency 363), the determination of whether one day (24 hours) has passed continues (NO in step S270 of Figure 8). If one day (24 hours) has passed since the last transmission of the decrement of cryptocurrency 363 (YES in step S270 of FIG. 8), the control device 510 calculates the decrement of cryptocurrency 363 for that day according to the above-mentioned formula (A) (step S280 of FIG. 8). Next, the control device 510 of each information processing device 500 transmits the decrement D of the cryptocurrency 363 for the second day to the second information processing device 300 via the network 400 (step S290 in FIG. 8). In this way, the decrement D of the cryptocurrency 363 is sent back from each information processing device 500 to the second information processing device 300C every time one day (24 hours) passes. Thereafter, steps S270 to S290 in FIG. 8 are repeatedly executed.

[0054] The amount of cryptocurrency 363 decreases with the user's spending activity and the passage of time. The control device 510 constantly monitors the remaining amount of cryptocurrency 363 stored in the wallet 530, and when the remaining amount falls below a predetermined threshold (e.g., 1,000 yen), it transmits a request signal to the second information processing device 300C requesting the second information processing device 300C to send additional cryptocurrency 363. Upon receiving this request signal, the second information processing device 300C periodically sends cryptocurrency 363 to the information processing device 500, and also sends additional cryptocurrency 363 (e.g., 10,000 yen) to the information processing device 500. In this way, when the remaining amount of cryptocurrency 363 stored in the wallet 530 approaches zero, additional cryptocurrency 363 is replenished from the second information processing device 300.

[0055] As described above, by using cryptocurrency 363 instead of physical banknotes, it becomes possible to smoothly return the decrease in cryptocurrency 363 to the central bank (treasury), and innovative economic policies such as UBI can be smoothly implemented. In this embodiment, an example of the cryptocurrency 363 whose value decreases according to its half-life has been given, but it is also possible to issue a cryptocurrency (similar to existing cryptocurrency) whose value does not decrease over time instead of the cryptocurrency 363. In this case, the amount of the cryptocurrency that has decreased is not transmitted to the second information processing device 300, and the amount initially transmitted to the information processing device 500 is maintained. For example, a local government can issue a cryptocurrency (either one whose value decreases according to the half-life or one whose value does not decrease) that is valid only in the area under its jurisdiction, thereby promoting regional revitalization. In this case, along with the cryptocurrency, it can also issue banknotes (second embodiment) on which the timestamp token 350 is printed. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 100 Information authentication system according to the first embodiment of the present invention 200 First information processing device 210 Conversion Device 220 User-side communication interface 230 First Memory 240 Second Memory 300 Second information processing device 310 Authenticator Communication Interface 320 Control Device 330 Optical Lattice Clock 350 Time Stamp Tokens 360 Printer 370 Encryption device 380 Decoding Device 400 Network

Claims

1. a first information processing device used by a user; a second information processing device used by the authenticator; An information authentication system comprising: The first information processing device a conversion device that converts the information designated by the user into a hash value; a user-side communication device that communicates with the second information processing device via a network; It is equipped with The second information processing device an authenticator-side communication device that communicates with the user-side communication device of the first information processing device via the network; a control device; a timekeeping means for notifying the control device of a reception time at which the hash value is received from the first information processing device; a printing device; It is equipped with the timekeeping means comprises a clock having the highest resolution, The control device creating a timestamp token that combines the hash value with information about the time at which the hash value was received; the time stamp token is transmitted to the first information processing device via the authenticator communication device; the control device prints the time stamp token on a seal via the printing device; The information authentication system has a structure in which the timestamp token is destroyed when the sticker is attached to an object and then peeled off the object.

2. 2. The information authentication system according to claim 1, wherein the timekeeping means is an optical lattice clock.

3. 2. The information authentication system according to claim 1, wherein the first information processing device is a portable telephone device.

4. the second information processing device further includes an encryption device; 2. The information authentication system according to claim 1, wherein the control device converts the time stamp token into a code via the encryption device, and prints the code on the seal via the printing device.

5. 5. The information authentication system according to claim 4, wherein the encryption is a digital watermark.

6. the second information processing device further includes a decoding device; 5. The information authentication system according to claim 4, wherein the decryption device decrypts the encryption converted by the encryption device.

7. The information authentication system described in Claim 1, characterized in that the timestamp token is created as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and aluminum-coated onto the target object.

8. A method for processing information consisting of hash values ​​received from a user's information processing device via a network, comprising: a first step of acquiring reception time information indicating the time when the hash value was received from the user's information processing device; a second step of creating a timestamp token by integrating the hash value with the reception time information; a third step of transmitting the timestamp token to the user's information processing device; a fourth step of printing the time stamp token on a seal via a printing device; Equipped with The time is measured by a time measuring means having the highest resolution, The information processing method includes the step of attaching the sticker to an object and then removing the sticker from the object, whereby the timestamp token is destroyed.

9. a fifth step of converting the timestamp token into a cryptogram via a cryptographic device; 9. The information processing method according to claim 8, wherein the fourth step includes printing the code on the sticker.

10. 10. The information processing method according to claim 9, wherein the encryption is a digital watermark.

11. 10. The information processing method according to claim 9, further comprising a sixth step of decrypting, via a decryption device, the time stamp token that has been converted into encryption by the encryption device.

12. An information processing method as described in Claim 8, characterized in that the timestamp token is created as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) and aluminum-coated onto the object.

13. A program for causing a computer to execute the method described in any one of claims 8 to 12.

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