Buildings and methods for renovating existing buildings

Abstract

To provide a building for satisfying needs of reinforcement against an earthquake and extension with a simple structure.SOLUTION: A building 1 has an extension part 3 including a habitable room, extended to an existing part 2. The extension part 3 is provided above the existing part 2. A lower part of the extension part 3 is provided with a deformation layer 3a having columns 31 rotating in a vertical face in relation to the existing part 2 during an earthquake and an oil damper 34 for absorbing vibrational energy. When the deformation layer 3a deforms by the rotation of the columns 31, the extension part 3 functions as a TMD (tuned mass-damper).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a building and a method for renovating an existing building. [Background technology]

[0002] There is a need for seismic reinforcement for existing buildings that are old and do not have sufficient earthquake resistance, or for existing buildings that require further improvement in earthquake safety. Also, if there are not enough living spaces in the existing building, there are cases where an extension of living spaces is required in addition to seismic reinforcement.

[0003] A common seismic reinforcement method is to install braces or other reinforcing materials in the openings on the sides of existing buildings, but this can have a negative impact on the building's appearance and the view from inside, affect its usability, and require additional foundation work. Also, when adding rooms to a building, a flat extension is appropriate if there is ample space on the site, but this is difficult on a small site.

[0004] Meanwhile, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a renovation method in which an additional room is constructed above an existing building and a tuned mass damper (TMD) is installed. TMD is a known technology that suppresses building sway using a weight that synchronizes with the building's sway, making it possible to solve the above-mentioned problem. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-171624 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-242449 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In Patent Documents 1 and 2, seismic isolation devices such as laminated rubber are used at the joints between the weights and masses in the TMD and the components below them, providing a detail that allows for horizontal movement, but in this case the joints often have a complicated configuration.In addition, the natural periods of existing buildings can differ between two orthogonal directions on a plane, and it is difficult to accommodate such differences in natural periods.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide a building etc. that can meet the needs for earthquake reinforcement and expansion with a simple configuration. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The first invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a building having an extension section that has been added to an existing section and includes living spaces, wherein the extension section is provided above the existing section, and the lower part of the extension section is provided with a deformation layer that has columns that rotate in a vertical plane relative to the existing section during an earthquake and vibration damping members for absorbing vibration energy, and when the deformation layer deforms due to the rotation of the columns, the extension section functions as a TMD (tuned mass damper).

[0009] The extension of this invention functions as a TMD by deforming the deformation layer due to the rotation of the columns relative to the existing part, and achieves the same effect as adding a TMD to an existing building with a simple configuration, without the need for seismic isolation devices such as laminated rubber.In addition, because the extension is installed on top of the existing part, the appearance, view, and usability of the existing part are not impaired.Furthermore, because the extension includes living spaces, it can meet the needs of adding living spaces as well as reinforcing against earthquakes.

[0010] It is desirable that the lower end of the pillar is pin-connected to the existing portion. This allows for streamlining of the joint between the existing section and the extension.

[0011] It is desirable that the natural period of the existing building differs between two directions that are perpendicular to each other on a plane, and that the natural periods of the extension in the two directions correspond to the natural periods of the existing building in the two directions, respectively. In this way, in the present invention, the period adjustment, which is important when constructing a TMD, can be performed in each of two perpendicular directions on a plane, thereby providing a seismic control effect against seismic motion in each direction.

[0012] The extension includes a beam, and it is desirable that the cross section of the column or beam, or the number of rigid connection points between the column and beam, or the number of structural surfaces on which diagonal members connecting the column and beam are provided, be determined so that the natural period of the extension matches the natural period of the existing part. In the present invention, by appropriately determining the cross sections of the columns and beams as described above, the natural period of the extension can be adjusted to match the natural period of the existing building.

[0013] The second invention is a method for renovating an existing building by adding an extension including living rooms to the existing building, the method comprising the step of providing the extension above the existing part, wherein a deformation layer is provided at the bottom of the extension, the deformation layer having columns that rotate in a vertical plane relative to the existing building during an earthquake and vibration damping members for absorbing vibration energy, and the extension functions as a TMD (Tuned Mass Damper) when the deformation layer deforms due to the rotation of the columns. The second invention is a renovation method for renovating an existing building to construct the building of the first invention.

[0014] In the renovation method of the second aspect of the present invention, it is desirable to further reduce the weight of the existing building. This prevents the need for additional foundation work when building an extension above an existing building.

[0015] The extension includes beams, and it is desirable to determine the cross-section of the columns or beams, or the number of rigid connection points between the columns and beams, or the number of structural planes on which diagonal members connecting the columns and beams are provided, so that the natural period of the extension matches the natural period of the existing building. In the present invention, by appropriately determining the cross sections of the columns and beams, etc., the natural period of the extension can be adjusted to match the natural period of the existing building, and even if the natural period of the existing building differs between two perpendicular directions on the plane, adjustments can be made to match the natural period of the extension to the natural period of the existing building for each direction. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] The present invention makes it possible to provide a building or the like that can meet the needs for earthquake reinforcement and expansion with a simple configuration. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] A diagram showing Building 1. [Figure 2] Another example of deformation layer 3a. [Figure 3] An example of deformation of deformation layer 3a. [Figure 4] An example of the joint between the bottom end of column 31 and existing part 2. [Figure 5] An example of weight reduction for existing part 2. [Figure 6] Another example from Extension 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0019] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a building 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the building 1 is constructed by adding an extension section 3 including a deformation layer 3a above an existing section (existing building) 2.

[0020] The structural type of the existing portion 2 is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, steel frame construction, reinforced concrete construction, wood construction, etc. The number of stories (floors) of the existing portion 2 is set to five or less, but the number of stories is not particularly limited either, and can be more than five.

[0021] The extension 3 is constructed as part of the seismic retrofitting work (a method of renovating an existing building) for the existing part 2. The extension 3 is constructed above the existing part 2, and like the existing part 2, there are no particular restrictions on its structural type, and it can be steel, reinforced concrete, wood, etc. The number of stories in the extension 3 is approximately two, but there are no particular restrictions on the number of stories. However, if the number of stories increases to three or more, excessive tensile force will be generated in the existing part 2 during an earthquake, and a large-scale joint will be required between the extension 3 and the existing part 2.

[0022] The extension 3 includes a living space, and functions as the aforementioned Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) through the deformation of the deformation layer 3a, which will be explained next. Here, "living space" refers to "a room that is used continuously for residence, office work, work, meetings, recreation, or other similar purposes (Article 2 of the Building Standards Act)."

[0023] The lower part of the extension 3 is used as the deformation layer 3a. The deformation layer 3a is a layer that ensures deformation capacity relative to the existing part 2, and in the example of Figure 1, the deformation layer 3a is a rigid frame structure with columns 31 and beams 32 rigidly connected. However, this is not limited to this, and as shown in Figure 2, the columns 31 and beams 32 may be pin-connected and a frame with diagonal braces 33 (diagonal members) connecting these columns and beams may also be used. In this way, the deformation layer 3a is composed of columns 31, beams 32, and diagonal members such as diagonal braces 33 and braces, making it a rational frame with a small number of components and easy construction.

[0024] The lower ends of the columns 31 in the deformation layer 3a are pin-joined to the existing part 2. As a result, in this embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, during an earthquake, the columns 31 rotate in a vertical plane relative to the existing part 2, and the deformation layer 3a deforms relative to the existing part 2. Furthermore, there is no need to consider the transmission of bending moment from the extension part 3 to the existing part 2, and only compressive and shear forces are transmitted, which allows for streamlining of the joints between the existing part 2 and the extension part 3. Note that for the sake of explanation, the deformation of the existing part 2 and the extension part 3 is exaggerated in Figure 3.

[0025] In this embodiment, the extension 3 functions as a TMD due to the deformation of the deformation layer 3a, reducing the seismic force input to the existing part 2. The deformation layer 3a is provided with an oil damper 34 as a vibration damping member, which absorbs vibration energy during an earthquake. As a result, in this embodiment, the entire extension 3 functions as a seismic control device.

[0026] In this embodiment, the oil dampers 34 are attached to the ends of the diagonal members provided on the diagonal lines of the structural plane formed by the columns 31 and the beams 32, but the method of attaching the oil dampers 34 is not particularly limited, and they can be attached to the deformation layer 3a by various known methods. Furthermore, the vibration damping member is not limited to the oil dampers 34.

[0027] As shown in Figure 4(a), a ball joint 35 can be used as the pin joint at the bottom end of the column 31, which prevents the bending moment from being transmitted to the existing section 2, but this is not limitative. For example, an exposed column base or a clevis joint can also be used as the pin joint.

[0028] In the example of Figure 4(a), the ball joint 35 is connected to the existing part 2 via the base steel frame 36, and the base steel frame 36 bears the bending, ensuring that bending is not transmitted from the extension part 3 to the existing part 2. By providing multiple columns 31 for one base steel frame 36, it is possible to prevent localized stress transmission such as compressive force, and the degree of freedom in column placement is improved.

[0029] However, the joint between the lower end of the column 31 and the existing portion 2 is not limited to the above, and for example, the joint may be rigid, but may also form a hinge during an earthquake, allowing the column 31 in the deformation layer 3a to rotate in a vertical plane relative to the existing portion 2. Figure 4(b) shows an example of this, where the lower end of the column 31 is provided with a constricted portion 31a to form a hinge during an earthquake.

[0030] In the extension 3, the upper portion 3b of the deformation layer 3a serves as a weight for the TMD. Normally, the mass of a TMD weight is 4 to 5% of the effective mass of the existing building, but in this embodiment, the mass ratio of the upper portion 3b to the existing portion 2 can be increased to 10% or more, for example, approximately 100%, thereby achieving an excellent response reduction effect that cannot be achieved with a normal TMD. This reduces the response of the extension 3 and suppresses the stroke (maximum displacement) of the extension 3 while ensuring the seismic control effect on the existing portion 2. However, the mass of the upper portion 3b is not limited to this.

[0031] The entire load of the building 1, including the extension 3, is supported by the foundation (existing foundation) installed for the existing part 2, and no new foundation is installed when the extension 3 is added.

[0032] Here, the natural period of the extension part 3 can be adjusted to match the natural period of the existing part 2 by adjusting the member cross sections of the columns 31 or beams 32 in the deformation layer 3a, or the number of rigid connection points between the columns 31 and beams 32, or the number of structural surfaces on which diagonal members connecting the columns 31 and beams 32 are provided. Even if the natural period of the existing part 2 differs between two orthogonal directions in the plane, the natural period of the extension part 3 can be adjusted to correspond to the natural period of the existing part 2 in each of these directions by designing the member cross sections of the columns 31 and beams 32. Note that a "structural surface" is a surface surrounded by the columns 31 and beams 32; for example, in the example of Figure 3, there are four structural surfaces in the deformation layer 3a.

[0033] The deformable layer 3a can be used as a semi-outdoor space, such as a pilotis space. Alternatively, it can be used as a living room with an exterior. In this way, the uses of the deformable layer 3a are not particularly limited. On the other hand, the upper part 3b of the deformable layer 3a is mainly used as a living room, but the use of the upper part 3b is not limited to this. Furthermore, the structure of the upper part 3b is not particularly different from a normal structure, and there are no restrictions on the structure or the number of layers.

[0034] When adding the extension 3, the weight of the entire building 1 including the extension 3 is borne by the existing foundation alone, so it is also effective to reduce the weight of the existing part 2 as necessary.

[0035] In other words, the function of the foundation is to support the weight of the building while transmitting seismic forces to the ground, and an increase in the weight of the building increases the load on the building's support function, which may ultimately result in a decrease in earthquake resistance. If there is room in the design of the existing foundation, the increase in weight due to extension 3 is not a problem, and even if extension 3 is built on top of existing part 2, the existing foundation alone can support the building's weight. However, if this is difficult, the increase in weight due to extension 3 can be offset by reducing the weight of existing part 2, allowing building 1 to be supported by the existing foundation alone, while also ensuring the earthquake resistance of the existing foundation and existing columns. Furthermore, reducing the weight of existing part 2 also creates new spatial value for existing part 2.

[0036] To reduce the weight of the existing portion 2, as shown in Figure 5(a), it is possible to partially remove floor components such as floor slabs 21, creating an open-ceiling space in the existing portion 2. It is also possible to partially remove wall components such as earthquake-resistant walls 22, creating a large space with a high degree of freedom in the existing portion 2, as shown in Figure 5(b). In this embodiment, the extension 3 functions as a TMD, suppressing the seismic force input to the existing portion 2, making it possible to partially remove earthquake-resistant walls that were originally necessary.

[0037] The methods for reducing the weight of the existing portion 2 are not limited to the above, and as shown in Figure 5(c), the original floor slab 21, which was made of reinforced concrete, can also be changed to a wooden floor 21a such as CLT (Cross Laminated Timber), creating a space that takes wellness and carbon neutrality into consideration.

[0038] As explained above, the extension 3 of this embodiment functions as a TMD by deforming the deformation layer 3a due to the rotation of the column 31 relative to the existing part 2, and achieves the same effect as adding a TMD to the existing part 2 with a simple configuration, without the need for a seismic isolation device such as laminated rubber. In addition, because the extension 3 is installed on top of the existing part 2, it does not impede the appearance, view, or usability of the existing part 2. Furthermore, because the extension 3 includes living spaces, it can meet the needs for adding living spaces as well as reinforcing against earthquakes.

[0039] Furthermore, while with conventional TMDs, the seismic control effect is significantly reduced when there is a deviation in tuning, this embodiment is highly robust and can achieve a stable effect even when there are periodic changes due to cracks in RC members during an earthquake or variations in the weight of the extension 3.

[0040] In addition, in this embodiment, the lower end of the column 31 is pin-jointed to the existing part 2, which prevents bending moments from being transmitted from the extension part 3 to the existing part 2 and streamlines the joint between the extension part 3 and the existing part 2.

[0041] Furthermore, in this embodiment, unlike a normal TMD, the extension 3 is treated as a TMD, so adjustment of the period, which is important when constructing a TMD, can be performed in each of two orthogonal directions on the plane, and seismic control effects can be exerted against earthquake motions in each direction. The period can be adjusted by appropriately determining the cross sections of the members of the columns 31 and beams 32, etc.

[0042] Furthermore, in this embodiment, by reducing the weight of the existing portion 2 in conjunction with the expansion of the extension portion 3, the total weight is maintained even after the expansion of the extension portion 3, and the increase in burden on the existing foundation due to the expansion is avoided, preventing the need for additional foundation work, while also increasing the seismic control effect of the extension portion 3. At this time, by removing the earthquake-resistant walls 22 and floor slabs 21 of the existing portion 2, it is also possible to configure a large space with a high degree of freedom.

[0043] However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For example, the position or range on a plane where the extension portion 3 is provided is not particularly limited, and the extension portion 3 may be eccentric in plan relative to the existing portion 2. It is also possible to provide multiple structurally separated extension portions 3 on the plane of the existing portion 2. The sizes of the existing portion 2 and the extension portion 3 on a plane are also not particularly limited.

[0044] As shown in Figure 6(a), the extension 3 may consist of only a deformation layer 3a, in which case living spaces are provided in the deformation layer 3a. In the example of Figure 6(a), a slab 37 that acts as a TMD weight is provided on top of the beams 32 of the deformation layer 3a. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 6(b), it is also possible to provide multiple deformation layers 3a, which ensures a large deformation capacity and is therefore suitable when the number of stories in the existing part 2 is to be greater than five.

[0045] While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to these examples. It is clear that those skilled in the art can conceive of various modifications or alterations within the scope of the technical ideas disclosed herein, and it is understood that these modifications also fall within the technical scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0046] 1: Building 2: Existing part (existing building) 3: Extension 3a: Deformation layer 3b: Upper part 21: Floor slab 21a: Wooden floor 22: Earthquake-resistant wall 31: Pillar 32: Beam 33: Cane 34: Oil damper 35: Ball joint 36: Base steel frame 37: Slab

Claims

1. A building with an extension containing rooms that was added to an existing part, The extension is provided above the existing portion, A deformation layer is provided at the bottom of the extension, which has columns that rotate in a vertical plane relative to the existing part during an earthquake and vibration damping members that absorb vibration energy; A building characterized in that the extension functions as a TMD (Tuned Mass Damper) when the deformation layer deforms due to the rotation of the columns.

2. 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the column is pin-connected to the existing portion.

3. the natural period of the existing portion is different between two directions perpendicular to each other in a plane, 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the natural periods in the two directions of the extension correspond to the natural periods in the two directions of the existing portion, respectively.

4. the addition includes a beam; A building as described in claim 3, characterized in that the cross-section of the columns or beams, or the number of rigid connection points between the columns and beams, or the number of structural surfaces on which diagonal members connecting the columns and beams are provided, are determined so that the natural period of the extension section matches the natural period of the existing section.

5. A method for renovating an existing building by adding an extension including a room to the existing building, providing the extension above the existing building; The extension section is provided at its lower part with a deformation layer having columns that rotate in a vertical plane relative to the existing building during an earthquake and vibration damping members for absorbing vibration energy; A renovation method characterized in that the extension section functions as a TMD (tuned mass damper) when the deformation layer deforms due to the rotation of the column.

6. The renovation method according to claim 5, further comprising reducing the weight of the existing building.

7. the addition includes a beam; A renovation method as described in claim 5, characterized in that the cross-section of the columns or beams, or the number of rigid connection points between the columns and beams, or the number of structural surfaces on which diagonal members connecting the columns and beams are provided, are determined so that the natural period of the extension matches the natural period of the existing building.

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