Heating smoking material

Abstract

To heat a smokable material.SOLUTION: An apparatus configured to heat a smokable material so as to volatilize at least one component for inhalation comprises a heating element (3b) on or in a substrate material (3a).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to heating smokable material. [Background technology]

[0002] Smoking articles, such as cigarettes and cigars, burn tobacco during use, producing tobacco smoke. Attempts have been made to provide alternatives to these smoking articles by producing products that release certain compounds without producing tobacco smoke. Examples of such products include so-called heat-not-burn smoking articles, which release compounds by heating, but not burning, tobacco. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a smoking material heating device comprising a support and at least one printed heating element arranged to heat the support to a smoking material vaporization temperature, causing the support to vaporize at least one component of the smoking material for inhalation.

[0004] The heating element may be located at least partially within the support.

[0005] The coefficient of thermal expansion of the heating element may be substantially equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the support.

[0006] The heating element may be chemically bonded to the substrate.

[0007] The heating element and support may be a single sintered structure.

[0008] The heating element may be an electrical resistance wire within the support.

[0009] The substrate may comprise a ceramic material.

[0010] The support may be adjacent to a smokable material heating chamber configured to contain the body of smokable material during heating.

[0011] The device of the present invention may include a plurality of heating elements arranged in layers in a support.

[0012] The layers of heating elements may be interconnected by heating element vias through the support.

[0013] The present invention provides an appliance comprising a heater configured to heat smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material for inhalation, the heater comprising a support and a heating element having substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion.

[0014] The heating elements may be printed on a substrate.

[0015] The heating element may be arranged to heat the substrate to a temperature sufficient to cause the substrate to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material located in the adjacent smokable material heating chamber.

[0016] The heating element may be located at least partially within the support.

[0017] The heating element may be chemically bonded to the substrate.

[0018] The heater may be a sintered structure including a heating element and a support.

[0019] The heating element may be an electrical resistance wire within a support, and / or the support may comprise a ceramic material.

[0020] The device of the present invention may include a plurality of heating elements arranged in layers within a support.

[0021] The layers of heating elements may be interconnected by heating element vias through the support.

[0022] The present invention provides an appliance comprising a heater configured to heat smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material for inhalation, the heater comprising a multi-layer structure of ceramic material and an electrical resistance heating element.

[0023] The heating element may be an electrical resistance wire within a ceramic material.

[0024] The heating element may be chemically bonded to the ceramic material in the sintered structure.

[0025] The coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic material may be substantially equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the heating element.

[0026] The heating element may comprise tungsten and the ceramic material may comprise aluminum nitride ceramic.

[0027] The heating elements may be printed on a substrate.

[0028] The heating element may be positioned to heat the ceramic material to a temperature sufficient to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material located within the heating chamber adjacent the ceramic material.

[0029] The heating element may be located within the ceramic material.

[0030] The layers of the heating element may be interconnected by heating element vias through the ceramic material.

[0031] The present invention provides an appliance comprising a heater arranged to heat smokable material, the heater comprising a support and at least one heating element located within the support, for heating the support so that the support volatilizes at least one component of the smokable material for inhalation.

[0032] The heater may include a thermal expansion matched structure.

[0033] The coefficient of thermal expansion of the heating element may be substantially equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the support.

[0034] The heating element and support may be sintered to form a chemically bonded structure.

[0035] The support may comprise a ceramic material and the heating element may comprise an electrical resistance wire.

[0036] The support may be adjacent to a smokable material heating chamber configured to contain the body of smokable material during heating.

[0037] The device of the present invention may include a plurality of heating elements arranged in layers within a support.

[0038] The layers of heating elements may be interconnected by heating element vias through the support.

[0039] The device of the present invention may be configured to heat the smokable material to a volatilization temperature of the smokable material of at least 120°C.

[0040] The device of the present invention may be configured to heat the smoking material to a smoking material vaporization temperature of 120°C to 250°C.

[0041] The device of the present invention may be configured to heat the smoking material to a smoking material vaporization temperature of 130°C to 180°C.

[0042] The present invention facilitates the use of at least one printed heating element to heat the substrate to a smokable material volatilization temperature, thereby causing the substrate to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material for inhalation.

[0043] The present invention facilitates the use of a heater that includes a support and a heating element having substantially equal coefficients of thermal expansion to heat smokable material and volatilize at least one component of the smokable material for inhalation.

[0044] The present invention facilitates the use of a heater comprising a multi-layer structure of ceramic material and an electrical resistance heating element to heat smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material for inhalation.

[0045] The present invention facilitates the use of a heater that includes a support and at least one heating element located within the support that heats the support to cause it to volatilize at least one component of the smoking material for inhalation.

[0046] The present invention provides a method for heating smokable material, the method comprising heating a substrate using at least one printed heating element arranged to heat the substrate to a smokable material volatilization temperature, such that the heated substrate volatilizes at least one component of the smokable material for inhalation.

[0047] The present invention provides a method for heating smokable material, the method comprising heating a substrate to a smokable material volatilization temperature using at least one heating element located inside the substrate, such that the heated substrate volatilizes at least one component of the smokable material for inhalation.

[0048] By way of example only, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0049] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic representation of layers of a smokable material heater including supports and heating elements interconnected by vias between the layers. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device configured to heat smoking material to release aroma compounds and / or nicotine from the smoking material. [Figure 3] 1 is a perspective cutaway view of a device configured to heat smokable material to release aroma compounds and / or nicotine from the smokable material; FIG. [Figure 4]FIG. 1 is a perspective, partially cut-away view of an apparatus configured to heat smokable material provided around an elongated heater in which the smokable material is divided into radially extending heating sections; [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway exploded view of an appliance configured to heat smokable material provided around an elongated heater in which the smokable material is divided into radially extending heating sections. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram showing a method for activating a heating region and opening and closing a heating chamber during a puff. [Figure 7] 1 is a schematic diagram of gas flow through an appliance configured to heat smokable material. [Figure 8] 1 is a graph showing the heating pattern used to heat smokable material using a heater. [Figure 9] 1 is a schematic diagram of a smokable material compressor configured to compress smokable material during heating. [Figure 10] 1 is a schematic diagram of a smokable material expansion device configured to expand smokable material during smoking. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of compressing smokable material while heating and expanding the smokable material for a puff. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vacuum insulated section configured to insulate smokable material from heat loss. [Figure 13] 10 is another schematic cross-sectional view of a vacuum insulated section configured to insulate smokable material from heat loss. FIG. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a thermally resistive heat escape path following an indirect path from a hot insulating wall to a cold insulating wall. [Figure 15] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat shield and transparent window that is movable relative to a body of smokable material to selectively transfer thermal energy through the window to different sections of the smokable material. [Figure 16] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a device configured to heat smokable material in which a heating chamber is sealed by a check valve; [Figure 17]1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a section of a deep vacuum configured to insulate an appliance configured to heat smokable material; FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0050] As used herein, the term "smoking material" includes any material that provides volatilized components when heated, and includes any tobacco-containing material, which may include, for example, one or more of tobacco, tobacco derivatives, expanded tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, or tobacco substitutes.

[0051] The device 1 for heating smokable material includes an energy source 2, a heater 3, and a heating chamber 4. The energy source 2 may include a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, a nickel battery, an alkaline battery, and / or the like, electrically coupled to the heater 3 and providing electrical energy to the heater 3 as needed. Of course, in addition to or in addition to the battery, the energy source 2 may include other types of energy sources, such as one or more fuel cells and / or other non-battery electrical sources. The heating chamber 4 is configured to house smokable material 5, allowing the smokable material 5 to be heated within the heating chamber 4. For example, the heating chamber 4 may be located adjacent to the heater 3, and thermal energy from the heater 3 heats the smokable material 5 therein. The heat from the heater 3 heats the smokable material 5, volatilizing the aroma compounds and nicotine in the smokable material without burning the smokable material 5. The smokable material 5 may include a tobacco blend. A mouthpiece 6 is provided through which a user of the device 1 can inhale the volatilized compounds during use of the device 1.

[0052] The housing 7 may contain components of the device 1, such as the energy source 2 and the heater 3. As shown schematically in FIG. 2, the housing 7 may be a generally cylindrical tube with the energy source 2 located toward a first end 8 thereof and the heater 3 and heating chamber 4 located toward an opposite second end 9 thereof. The energy source 2 and heater 3 may extend along the longitudinal axis of the housing 7. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the energy source 2 and heater 3 may be aligned along the central longitudinal axis of the housing 7 in an end-to-end configuration, with one end face of the energy source 2 facing toward one end face of the heater 3. The mouthpiece 6 may be located at the second end 9 of the housing 7 adjacent to the heating chamber 4 and smokable material 5.

[0053] The length of the housing 7 may be about 130 mm. The length of the energy source may be, for example, about 59 mm. The length of the heater 3 and the heating region 4 may be about 50 mm. The depth, for example, the diameter, of the heating chamber 4 may be about 5 mm to about 15 mm, for example, about 8 mm to about 10 mm. The diameter of the energy source 2 may be about 10.0 mm to about 15.0 mm, for example, 14.6 mm. The diameter of the housing 7 may be about 11 mm to about 18 mm. For example, the diameter of the first end 8 of the housing may be 18 mm, and the diameter of the mouthpiece 6 at the second end 9 of the housing may be 15 mm. Dimensions other than those listed above may also be used.

[0054] The housing 7 is suitable for being grasped by a user during use of the device 1 so that the vaporized smokable compound can be inhaled by the user through the mouthpiece 6 of the device 1 .

[0055] A thermal insulator may be provided between the energy source 2 and the heater 3 to prevent direct heat transfer from one to the other.

[0056] The heater 3 may be a printed heater 3. For example, the heater 3 may include a support 3a and one or more heating elements 3b that may be printed on or within the support 3a. As described below, the heating elements 3b may be configured to rapidly heat the support 3a such that the temperature of the support 3a substantially matches the temperature of the heating elements 3b while heating the smokable material 5.

[0057] The support 3a may be a ceramic material such as aluminum nitride ceramic, and the heating element 3b may be an electrical resistance wire element 3b that is heated by an electrical current passing through the element 3b. For example, the heating element 3b may be an electrically resistive metal such as tungsten. The electrical current in the heating element 3b may be generated by an electromotive force supplied by an energy source 2 electrically coupled to the heater 3.

[0058] Heating element 3b is disposed within or on support 3 to heat support 3a. As described above, heating element 3b is disposed on or within support 3a to heat support 3a to approximately the same temperature as heating element 3b.

[0059] The support 3a may be heated by the heating element 3b to the vaporization temperature of the smokable material 5, and the heat from the heated support 3a may vaporize components of the smokable material 5 for inhalation through the mouthpiece 6. Thus, the smokable material 5 in the heating zone 4 is heated by both the heating element 3b and the heated support 3a. The rate at which the temperature of the support 3a increases during heating may be substantially the same as the rate at which the temperature of the heating element 3b increases. Thus, the temperatures of the heating element 3b and the support 3a may be approximately equal while heating the smokable material 5.

[0060] The heater 3 may be positioned such that the peripheral surface of the heater 3 is primarily that of the heated support 3a, so that the smokable material 5 is primarily heated by heat emitted from the heated support 3a, rather than being heated directly by the heating elements 3b. For example, as described below and shown diagrammatically in Figure 1, the heating elements 3b may be located primarily or entirely within the support 3a, or there may be multiple individual heating layers of heating elements 3b separated by layers of support 3a.

[0061] The coefficient of thermal expansion of the heating element 3b may be matched to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the support 3a. In particular, the value of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the heating element 3b may be substantially equal to the value of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the support 3a. The heating element 3b and the support 3a may thus together form an expansion-matched heater structure 3.

[0062] Matched thermal expansion coefficients of the support 3a and heating element 3b mean that the thermal expansion of the heating element 3b matches the corresponding expansion of the support 3a. Similarly, the thermal contraction of the heating element 3b matches the corresponding contraction of the support 3a. The matched expansion characteristic of the structure means that the heater 3 as a whole will expand / contract substantially at the same rate and by the same amount throughout the heater structure during heating / cooling. The expansion and contraction stresses on the heater structure 3 are small, allowing the heater to undergo rapid, significant, and frequent temperature transitions without placing significant material stress on the heater structure 3.

[0063] The support 3a and the heating element 3b may be chemically bonded within the heater structure 3. For example, the chemical bond between the support 3a and the heating element 3b may be formed during a sintering process in which the support 3a and the heating element 3b are fused together by applying heat to produce a solid heater structure 3.

[0064] More specifically, chemically bonded heater structures 3 may be produced by first applying liquid heating element material 3b to one or more surfaces of a substrate material 3a, layering the substrate 3a with the heating element material 3b, and sintering the layered assembly to form the bonded heater structure 3. This is shown schematically in Figure 1.

[0065] The application of the liquid heating element material 3b can be done, for example, by printing the liquid material 3b onto the support material 3a. The application of the liquid heating element 3b to the support 3a may be done very precisely to allow for low tolerances, for example of a few micrometers or nanometers, in the location of the heating element material 3b on the support 3a, thereby forming heating elements 3b in very specific desired areas of the support 3a. A preferred printing method is using a screen printer to print the ink-like liquid 3b onto the support material 3a.

[0066] The support material 3a may include suitable binders and / or plasticizers to facilitate the formation of the layered heater structure 3 prior to the formation of chemical bonds during sintering. Additionally or alternatively, the liquid heating element material 3b may include suitable binders and / or plasticizers, which may be of the same composition as the binders and / or plasticizers contained in the support material 3a.

[0067] The support material 3a onto which the heating element material 3b is applied may include pre-sintered layers of support 3a, such as pre-sintered sections of ceramic tape, stacked one on top of the other to form a layered structure including both the support 3a and the heating element material 3b. One or more vias may be formed in the layers of support material 3a so that the liquid heating material 3b fills the vias and ultimately forms interconnections between the layers 3b of the heating element in the heater 3. In particular, each layer of the heating element 3b may be interconnected to one or more other individual layers of the heating element 3b by sections of the heating element 3b passing through vias in the support 3a.

[0068] The vias may be formed in any suitable manner. For example, the vias may be formed by drilling holes in the individual layers of support 3a before the layers of support 3a are stacked on top of each other in the heater structure 3. The holes in the layers of support 3a may be aligned in the layered structure so that interconnections between the layers of multiple heating elements 3b occur during sintering. The vias formed between the layers 3b may be of any suitable shape, including three-dimensional shapes.

[0069] If desired, multiple electrical circuits may be printed on the support 3a to provide control or measurement signals to or from the controller 12 of the device 1. For example, a temperature measurement circuit incorporating one or more resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) may be printed on, adjacent to, or below the heater element 3b or elsewhere on the support 3a so that the temperature of the heater 3b can be monitored and adjusted by the controller 12 to achieve a desired vaporization or pre-vaporization temperature in the smokable material 5.

[0070] The binder and / or plasticizer may be removed from the assembly of support layer 3a and heating element material 3b before the assembly is sintered to provide the chemical bonding and adhesive properties of heater 3. The chemical bonding and matched thermal expansion coefficients provide a robust heater structure 3 that can be repeatedly reused to heat and vaporize freshly loaded smokable material 5 in heating zone 4.

[0071] The heater 3 can be manufactured into any suitable shape using the layering techniques described above. For example, the heater 3 can be a substantially hollow cylinder positioned around the smokable material heating zone 4, whereby heat is emitted radially inward by the heater 3. An example of this is described in relation to Figure 2. Alternatively, the smokable material heating zone 4 can be positioned around the heater 3. One example is a coaxial configuration, where the heater 3 emits heat radially outward into the heating zone 4, although other shapes are possible as will become apparent from the description below.

[0072] An example of an expansion-matched, chemically bonded heater structure 3 is one in which the heating support 3a comprises pre-sintered aluminum nitride ceramic tape and the heating element material 3b comprises a tungsten-containing ink that is screen printed onto the ceramic tape 3a. After the ceramic tape 3a is printed with the heating element material 3b and drilled to form the vias described above, the ceramic tapes 3a are stacked to form a structure including inner layers of heating element material 3b connected to each other by the vias in the tape 3a. This assembly is then sintered to form a cohesive, chemically bonded heater 3. During operation of the heater 3, the aluminum nitride support 3a and tungsten heating element 3b expand and contract at a rate of approximately 4.5 ppm / °C, thus expanding and contracting the heater structure 3 as a whole without adding any stress to any particular portion of the structure 3.

[0073] The heater 3 may be thin, such as less than 2 mm or less than 1 mm, which can contribute to reducing the overall dimensions of the device 1 compared to when other types of heaters are used. For example, the heater 3 may be about 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm thick, such as about 0.3 mm to about 1.0 mm thick, although a thicker heater 3 of 6.5 mm or less is equally possible.

[0074] The heater 3 can be operated over a wide range of power outputs to heat and maintain the smokable material 5 at a desired temperature range. For example, the power output of the heater 3 can range from 0 to about 2000 watts / in 2 and may be controllable by the controller 12 of the appliance 1 such that the temperature of the smokable material 5 is maintained or adjusted within the desired temperature range. The controller 12 may adjust the output of the heater 3 based on measuring the temperature inside the heater 3, at the surrounding surface of the heater 3 and / or inside the smokable material 5 using the temperature measurement circuitry described above.

[0075] The controller 12 may cycle the heater 3 or individual zones 10 of the heater 3 between preset temperatures for a given time, or may vary the temperature of the heater 3 and / or individual zones 10 of the heater 3 depending on a heating regime. Examples of the controller 12 and suitable heating regimes are described in more detail below. The heater 3 has a low bulk, and therefore its use helps to reduce the overall bulk of the apparatus 1.

[0076] As shown in Figure 2 and as generally mentioned above, the heater 3 may comprise a plurality of separate heating zones 10. The heating zones 10 may be operable independently of one another, such that different zones 10 may be activated at different times to heat the smokable material 5. This may be achieved by activating heating elements 3b located in particular zones 10 of the heater 3 at different times. The heating zones 10 may be arranged in any geometric configuration within the heater 3. However, in the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the heating zones 10 are geometrically arranged within the heater 3 such that each heating zone 10 is primarily capable of individually heating a different zone of the smokable material 5.

[0077] For example, with reference to Figure 2, the heater 3 may include multiple axially aligned heating regions 10 in a substantially elongated configuration. The regions 10 may each comprise an individual section of the heater 3, such as an independently temperature controllable section of the structure 3 comprised of the bonded supports 3a and heating elements 3b described above. For example, the multiple heating regions 10 may all be aligned with one another along the longitudinal axis of the heater 3, providing multiple independent heating zones along the length of the heater 3.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 2, each heating zone 10 may comprise a hollow heating barrel 10, which may be a ring 10 of finite length significantly shorter than the overall length of the heater 3. A plurality of heating zones 10 are arranged in axial alignment to define the exterior of a heating chamber 4, and the heating zones 10 are configured to heat smokable material 5 placed within the heating chamber 4. As noted above, heat is applied primarily inwardly toward the central longitudinal axis of the heating chamber 4. The heating zones 10 are arranged along the length of the heater 3 with their radial or cross-sectional surfaces facing each other. The cross-sectional surfaces of each heating zone 10 and adjacent heating zones 10 may be separated by insulation 18, as shown in FIG. 2 and described below, or may be connected or in contact with their adjacent heating zones 10.

[0079] Alternatively, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the heater 3 may be located in a central region of the casing 7, with the heating chamber 4 and smokable material 5 disposed around the longitudinal surfaces of the heater 3. In this arrangement, the thermal energy radiated by the heater 3 travels outward from the longitudinal surfaces of the heater 3 and into the heating chamber 4 and smokable material 5.

[0080] Each heating zone 10 may constitute an independent section of the heater 3. As shown in Figures 1-4, each heating zone 10 may constitute a heating barrel 10 having a finite length significantly shorter than the overall length of the heater 3. However, other configurations of the heater 3 may alternatively be used, i.e., a heater 3 having a cylindrical cross-section need not be used. Multiple heating zones 10 may be aligned such that their cross-sections face each other along the length of the heater 3. The cross-section of each zone 10 may be in contact with the cross-section of its adjacent zone 10. Alternatively, insulating or heat-reflecting layers may be present between the cross-sections of the zones 10 so that the heat energy radiated from each zone 10 does not substantially heat the adjacent zone 10, but is instead transferred primarily to the heating chamber 4 and smokable material 5. Each heating zone 10 may have substantially the same dimensions as the other zones 10.

[0081] In this manner, activation of a particular one of the heating zones 10 will cause that heating zone 10 to supply heat energy to, for example, the radially adjacent smokable material 5, without substantially heating the remaining smokable material 5. Referring to Figure 3, the heating zones of the smokable material 5 may constitute an annular body of smokable material 5 arranged around the activated heating zone 10. Thus, multiple, e.g., annular or substantially solid cylindrical, sections of the smokable material 5 may be heated separately, each section corresponding to the smokable material 5 arranged immediately adjacent to a particular one of the multiple heating zones 10, and having a bulk and volume significantly smaller than the entire body of smokable material 5.

[0082] Additionally or alternatively, the heater 3 may include longitudinally extending elongated heating zones 10 located at different locations about the central longitudinal axis of the heater 3. The heating zones 10 may be of different lengths or substantially the same length, each extending along substantially the entire length of the heater 3.

[0083] The heated portion of the smokable material 5 may constitute a longitudinal section of the smokable material 5 that is located parallel to and immediately adjacent to the longitudinal heating zone 10. Thus, as explained above, multiple sections of the smokable material 5 may be heated separately.

[0084] Furthermore, as explained below, the heating zones 10 can be individually and selectively activated.

[0085] The smokable material 5 may be contained within a cartridge 11 that is insertable into the heating chamber 4. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the cartridge 11 may contain a substantially solid body 5 of smokable material, such as a cylinder, that fits into a recess in the heater 3. In this configuration, the outer surface of the body of smokable material faces the heater 3. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, the cartridge 11 may form a tube 11 of smokable material that is insertable around the heater 3, with the inner surface of the tube 11 of smokable material facing the longitudinal surface of the heater 3. The tube 11 of smokable material may be hollow. The diameter of the hollow center of the tube 11 may be substantially the same as or slightly larger than the diameter or transverse dimension of the heater 3, so that the tube 11 fits snugly around the heater 3. The length of the cartridge 11 may be approximately the same as the length of the heater 3, allowing the heater 3 to heat the cartridge 11 along its entire length.

[0086] The housing 7 of the device 1 may include an opening through which the cartridge 11 can be inserted into the heating chamber 4. The opening may, for example, comprise an opening located at the second end 9 of the housing, through which the cartridge 11 can be inserted and pushed directly into the heating chamber 4. Preferably, this opening is closed during use of the device 1 to heat the smokable material 5. Alternatively, a portion of the housing 7 at the second end 9 is removable from the device 1 to allow the smokable material 5 to be inserted into the heating chamber 4. If required, the device 1 may be provided with a smokable material removal device, such as a user-operable internal mechanism configured to slide and / or separate the used smokable material 5 from the heater 3. For example, the used smokable material 5 may be pushed back through the opening in the housing 7. A new cartridge 11 can then be inserted, if required.

[0087] As previously mentioned, the device 1 may include a controller 12, e.g., a microcontroller 12, configured to control the operation of the device 1. The controller 12 is electrically connected to the energy source 2 and other components of the device 1, such as the heater 3, so as to transmit and receive signals to control the operation of the other components. In particular, the controller 12 is configured to control the activation of the heater 3 to heat the smokable material 5. For example, the controller 12 is configured to activate the heater 3, which may include selectively activating one or more heating zones 10 in response to a user drawing on the mouthpiece 6 of the device 1. In this regard, the controller 12 may be in communication with a puff sensor 13 via a suitable communication coupling. The puff sensor 13 is configured to detect when a puff occurs at the mouthpiece 6 and, upon detection, to send a signal indicative of a puff to the controller 12. An electronic signal may be used. The controller 12 may respond to the signal from the puff sensor 13 by activating the heater 3, thereby heating the smokable material 5. However, the use of the puff sensor 13 to activate the heater 3 is not required, and other alternative means of providing a trigger to activate the heater 3 may be used. For example, controller 12 may activate heater 3 in response to activation of another type of activation trigger, such as a user-operable actuator, such that volatilized compounds released during heating can be inhaled by the user through mouthpiece 6. Controller 12 may be located in any suitable location within housing 7. One exemplary location is between energy source 2 and heater 3 / heating chamber 4, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0088] When heater 3 includes two or more heating zones 10 as described above, controller 12 may be configured to activate heating zones 10 in a predetermined sequence or manner. For example, controller 12 may be configured to activate multiple heating zones 10 sequentially along or around heating chamber 4. Each heating zone 10 may be activated in response to puff sensor 13 detecting an inhalation, or may be activated in another manner as described below.

[0089] Referring to Figure 6, one exemplary heating method may comprise a first step S1 in which an actuating trigger, such as a first puff, is detected, followed by a second step S2 in which a first section of the smokable material 5 is heated in response to the first puff or other actuating trigger. In a third step S3, a sealable inlet / outlet valve 24 may be opened to allow air to be drawn from the heating chamber 4 and out of the device 1 through the mouthpiece 6. In a fourth step, the valve 24 is closed. These valves 24 are described in more detail below in Figure 30. In a fifth step S5, a sixth step S6, a seventh step S7, and an eighth step S8, a second section of the smokable material 5 may be heated in response to a second actuating trigger, for example a second puff, by opening and closing the heating chamber inlet / outlet valve 24 accordingly. In steps S9 (9), S10 (10), S11 (11), and S12 (12), a third section of smokable material 5 may be heated by correspondingly opening and closing the heating chamber inlet / outlet valve 24 in response to a third trigger, e.g., a third puff, and so on. As noted above, means other than the puff sensor 13 may alternatively be used. For example, the user of the device 1 may activate a control switch to indicate a new puff. In this manner, a new section of smokable material 5 may be heated to volatilize nicotine and aroma compounds with each new puff. The number of heating zones 10 and / or the number of separately heatable sections of smokable material 5 may correspond to the number of puffs intended for the cartridge 11. Alternatively, each separately heatable section 5 of smokable material may be heated by its corresponding heating zone 10 after multiple puffs, e.g., two, three, or four puffs, with a new section of smokable material 5 being heated only after multiple puffs have been completed while the previous section of smokable material was being heated.

[0090] Instead of activating each heating zone 10 in response to an individual puff, multiple heating zones 10 may be activated sequentially in response to the first puff on the mouthpiece 6. For example, multiple heating zones 10 may be activated at regular, predetermined intervals throughout the intended draw time of a particular smokable material cartridge 11. The draw time may be, for example, about 1 to about 4 minutes. Accordingly, at least the fifth step S5 and the ninth step S9 shown in FIG. 6 are optional. Each heating zone 10 may be activated for a predetermined time corresponding to one or more draws, thereby heating a corresponding separately heatable section 5 of smokable material for that time. The controller 12 may be configured to indicate to the user when all heating zones 10 of a given cartridge 11 have been activated that the cartridge 11 needs to be replaced. For example, the controller 12 may illuminate an indicator light on the exterior of the housing 7.

[0091] Of course, activating individual heating zones 10 in sequence, rather than activating the entire heater 3, means that the energy required to heat the smokable material 5 is reduced compared to the energy required if the heater 3 were operated at full capacity for the entire draw time of the cartridge 11, and therefore the maximum required power output of the energy source 2 is also reduced, which means that a smaller and lighter energy source 2 can be installed in the device 1.

[0092] The controller 12 may be configured to deactivate the heater 3 or reduce the power supplied to the heater 3 between puffs, thereby saving energy and extending the life of the energy source 2. In response to some other trigger, such as the user turning on the device 1 or detecting that the user has placed the mouthpiece 6 in their mouth, the controller 12 may partially activate the heater 3 or the subsequent heating zone 10 used to heat the smokable material 5 to warm it up in preparation for vaporizing the components of the smokable material 5. This partial activation does not heat the smokable material 5 to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the nicotine. A preferred temperature is 100°C or less, but temperatures below 120°C are also acceptable. In response to some other trigger, such as the detection of a puff by the puff sensor 13 or the passage of a predetermined time, the controller 12 may heat the smokable material 5 with that heater 3 or heating zone 10 to quickly vaporize the nicotine and other flavor compounds inhaled by the user. Where the smokable material 5 comprises tobacco, suitable temperatures for vaporizing nicotine and other aroma compounds are temperatures above 120°C, such as 150°C to 250°C, or 130°C to 180°C. Accordingly, an exemplary full activation temperature is 180°C to 250°C. If desired, a super-capacitor can be used to provide the maximum current used to heat the smokable material 5 to the vaporization temperature. An example of a suitable heating regime is shown in Figure 8, where multiple maximum values ​​each represent the full activation of a different heating zone 10. As can be seen, the smokable material 5 is maintained at the vaporization temperature for approximately the duration of the draw, in this example 2 seconds.

[0093] Three examples of operating modes of the heater 3 are described below.

[0094] In the first mode of operation, a particular heating zone 10 is fully activated while all other heating zones 10 of the heater are deactivated. Thus, when a new heating zone 10 is activated, the previous heating zone is deactivated. Power is supplied only to the activated zones 10.

[0095] Alternatively, in a second mode of operation, a particular heating zone 10 may be fully activated while one or more of the other heating zones 10 are semi-activated. Semi-activating one or more of the other heating zones 10 may include heating these other heating zones 10 to a temperature sufficient to substantially prevent agglomeration of components, such as nicotine, that have volatilized from the smokable material 5 within the heating chamber 4. The temperature of the semi-activated heating zones 10 is less than the temperature of the fully activated heating zones 10. The smokable material 5 located adjacent to the semi-activated zones 10 is not heated to a temperature sufficient to volatilize its components.

[0096] Alternatively, in the third mode of operation, once a heating zone 10 is activated, that heating zone 10 remains fully activated until the heater 3 is switched off. Thus, the more heating zones 10 that are activated during a draw from the cartridge 11, the more power is supplied to the heater 3. As with the second mode described above, by sequentially activating the heating zones 10, the concentration of components such as nicotine volatilized from the smokable material 5 within the heating chamber 4 is substantially suppressed.

[0097] The device 1 may also include a thermal shield 100 disposed between the heater 3 and the heating chamber 4 / smokable material 5. The thermal shield 100 is configured to prevent substantial flow of thermal energy therethrough, and thus may be used to selectively prevent the smokable material 5 from being heated, even when the heater 3 is activated and emitting thermal energy. With reference to FIG. 15 , the thermal shield 100 may, for example, comprise a cylindrical layer of heat-reflective material disposed coaxially around the heater 3. Alternatively, if the heater 3 is disposed around the heating chamber 4 and smokable material 5 as described with reference to FIG. 2 , the thermal shield 100 may comprise a cylindrical layer of heat-reflective material disposed coaxially around the heating chamber 4 and coaxially within the heater 3. The thermal shield 100 may additionally or alternatively comprise an insulating layer configured to isolate the heater 3 from the smokable material 5.

[0098] The heat shield 100 includes a substantially heat-transmitting window 101, which allows thermal energy to be transmitted through the window 101 to the heating chamber 4 and the smokable material 5. Thus, the section of the smokable material 5 aligned with the window 101 is heated, while the remaining section is not. The heat shield 100 and the window 101 may be rotatable or movable relative to the smokable material 5, such that different sections of the smokable material 5 can be selectively and separately heated by rotating or moving the heat shield 100 and the window 101. This effect is similar to the effect achieved by selectively and separately activating the heating zones 10 described above. For example, the heat shield 100 and the window 101 may be gradually rotated or moved in response to a signal from the puff detector 13. Additionally or alternatively, the heat shield 100 and the window 101 may be gradually rotated or moved over a predetermined heating elapsed time. The movement or rotation of the heat shield 100 and the window 101 may be controlled by an electronic signal from the controller 12. Relative rotation or other movement of the heat shield 100 / window 101 and smokable material 5 may be driven by a stepper motor 3c under the control of the controller 12. This is illustrated in Figure 15. Alternatively, the heat shield 100 and window 101 may be rotated manually using a user control such as an actuator on the housing 7. The heat shield 100 need not be cylindrical, but may comprise one or more appropriately positioned longitudinally extending elements and / or plates if required.

[0099] Of course, similar results can be achieved by rotating or moving the smokable material 5 relative to the heater 3, heat shield 100 and window 101. For example, the heating chamber 4 may be rotatable around the heater 3. In this case, the above description regarding movement of the heat shield 100 applies instead to movement of the heating chamber 4 relative to the heat shield 100.

[0100] The heat shield 100 may comprise a coating on the longitudinal surface of the heater 3, in which case some areas of the heater surface are uncoated, forming a heat-transmitting window 101. The heater 3 may be rotated or moved, for example under control of the controller 12 or by a user, to heat different sections of the smokable material 5. Alternatively, the heat shield 100 and window 101 may form a separate shield 3a, which may be rotated or moved relative to both the heater 3 and the smokable material 5 under control of the controller 12 or by another user.

[0101] The device 1 may include an air inlet 14, which allows ambient air to be drawn into the housing 7 and through the heated smokable material 5 during inhalation. The air inlet 14 may define an opening 14 in the housing 7 and may be located upstream from the smokable material 5 and heating chamber 4 toward the first end 8 of the housing 7. This is shown in FIG. 2. Another example is shown in FIG. 7. Air drawn through the air inlet 14 travels through the heated smokable material 5, becoming entrained with smokable material vapor, such as aromatic vapor, before being inhaled by the user through the mouthpiece 6. Optionally, as shown in FIG. 7, the device 1 may include a heat exchanger 15 configured to warm the air before it enters the smokable material 5 and / or cool the air before it is drawn through the mouthpiece 6. For example, the heat exchanger 15 may be configured to use heat extracted from air entering the mouthpiece 6 to warm fresh air before it enters the smokable material 5.

[0102] The device 1 may include a smokable material compressor 16, which is configured to compress the smokable material 5 when activated. The device 1 may also include a smokable material expander 17, which is configured to expand the smokable material 5 when activated. The smokable material compressor 16 and expander 17 may actually be implemented as the same device, as described below. The smokable material compressor 16 and expander 17 may be activated as required under the control of the controller 12. In this case, the controller 12 is configured to send a signal, such as an electrical signal, to the compressor 16 or expander 17, causing the compressor 16 or expander 17 to compress or expand the smokable material 5, respectively. Alternatively, the compressor 16 and expander 17 may be activated by a user of the device 1 via manual controls on the housing 7, causing the smokable material 5 to be compressed or expanded as required.

[0103] Essentially, the compressor 16 is configured to compress the smokable material 5, thereby increasing the density of the smokable material 5 during heating. Compressing the smokable material increases the thermal conductivity of the smokable material body 5, thereby resulting in more rapid heating and consequent volatilization of the nicotine and other flavor compounds. This is preferable because it allows the user to inhale the nicotine and flavor compounds without substantial delay upon detection of a puff. Thus, the controller 12 may activate the compressor 16 upon detection of a puff to compress the smokable material 5 for a predetermined heating time, e.g., one second. For example, under the control of the controller 12, the compressor 16 may be configured to relax the compression of the smokable material 5 after the predetermined heating time. Alternatively, the compression may be relaxed or automatically terminated upon the smokable material 5 reaching a predetermined threshold temperature. A suitable threshold temperature may be in the range of approximately 120-250°C and may be user-selectable. A temperature sensor may be used to detect the temperature of the smokable material 5.

[0104] Essentially, the expander 17 is configured to expand the smokable material 5, thereby reducing the density of the smokable material 5 during puffing. As the smokable material 5 expands, it loosens the arrangement of the smokable material 5 within the heating chamber 4, allowing gas, such as air from the inlet 14, to flow more easily through the smokable material 5. This air can then carry more volatilized nicotine and aroma compounds to the mouthpiece 6 for inhalation. The controller 12 may activate the expander 17 immediately after the compression period to expand the smokable material 5, allowing air to be more freely drawn through the smokable material 5. Activation of the expander 17 may be accompanied by an audible sound or other indication to indicate to the user that the smokable material 5 has been heated and that puffing can begin.

[0105] 8 and 9, the compressor 16 and expander 17 may comprise spring-driven rods that are configured to compress the smokable material 5 within the heating chamber 4 when the springs are released from a compressed state. While this is illustrated generally in FIGS. 8 and 9, it will be appreciated that other implementations may be used. For example, the compressor 16 may comprise a ring having a thickness approximately equal to that of the tubular heating chamber 4, which may be forced into the heating chamber 4 by a spring or other means to compress the smokable material 5. Alternatively, the compressor 16 may be part of the heater 3, with the heater 3 itself being configured to compress and expand the smokable material 5 under the control of the controller 12. One method of compressing and expanding the smokable material 5 is shown in FIG. 11. The method includes a first step P1 of compressing smokable material 5 in a heating chamber 4, a second step P2 of heating the compressed smokable material 5, a third step P3 of detecting a threshold temperature of the smokable material 5, a fourth step S4 of expanding the smokable material 5, for example by releasing the compression force, and a fifth step S5 of admitting outside air into the smokable heating chamber 4, for example by opening a sealable intake / exhaust valve 24.

[0106] The heater 3 may be integral with the aforementioned insulating section 18. For example, referring to Figure 2, the insulating section 18 may comprise a substantially elongated hollow body, such as a substantially cylindrical tube, which is coaxially disposed around the heating chamber 4 and has the heating zone 10 integrated therein. The insulating section 18 may comprise a layer having a plurality of recesses defining an inwardly facing surface profile 21. The heating zone 10 is disposed in these recesses so that the heating zone 10 faces the smoking material 5 within the heating chamber 4. The surface of the heating zone 10 facing the heating chamber 4 may be flush with the inner surfaces 21 of the non-recessed sections of the insulating section 18.

[0107] The integration of the heater 3 and the insulation 18 results in the heating zone 10 being substantially surrounded on all sides by the insulation 18, except for the inward-facing side of the heating zone 10 that faces the smokable material heating chamber 4. In that way, heat radiated by the heater 3 is concentrated on the smokable material 5 and does not dissipate to other parts of the device 1 or into the air outside the housing 7.

[0108] Integrating the heater 3 with the insulation 18 also reduces the thickness of the heater 3 and insulation 18 combination, which can further reduce the diameter of the device 1, and more specifically the outer diameter of the housing 7. Alternatively, integrating the heater 3 and insulation 18 to reduce the thickness can allow a wider smokable heating chamber 4 to be accommodated in the device 1, or allow additional elements to be incorporated without increasing the overall width of the housing 7 in any way.

[0109] Alternatively, heater 3 may be adjacent to insulation 18 rather than being integral with it. For example, if heater 3 is located outside of heating chamber 4 as shown in FIG. 2, insulation 18 may be positioned around the outside of heater 3 with its inwardly facing surface facing heater 3. If heater 3 is located inside heating chamber 4, heater 3 may be positioned around the outwardly facing surface 22 of insulation 18.

[0110] If desired, there may be a barrier between the heater 3 and the insulation 18. For example, a layer of stainless steel may be between the heater 3 and the insulation 18. The barrier may comprise a stainless steel tube that fits between the heater 3 and the insulation 18. The thickness of the barrier may be thin so as not to substantially increase the size of the device. One exemplary thickness is about 0.1-1.0 mm.

[0111] Additionally, a heat-reflective layer may be present between the cross sections of the multiple heating zones 10. The multiple heating zones 10 may be arranged relative to one another such that heat energy radiating from one of the heating zones 10 does not substantially heat an adjacent heating zone 10 but is transferred primarily inwardly from the peripheral surface of the heating zone 10 to the heating chamber 4 and smokable material 5. Each heating zone 10 may have substantially the same dimensions as the other zones 10.

[0112] The heater 3 may be glued or secured within the device 1 using a pressure sensitive adhesive. For example, the heater 3 may be glued to the insulation 18 or barrier described above using a pressure sensitive adhesive. Alternatively, the heater 3 may be glued to the exterior of the cartridge 11 or smokable material heating chamber 4.

[0113] As an alternative to using a pressure sensitive adhesive, the heater 3 may be secured in place within the device 1 using self-melting tape, or may be secured with fasteners that secure it in place. All of these methods provide a secure fixation of the heater 3 and allow for efficient transfer of heat from the heater 3 to the smokable material 5. Other types of fixation are also possible.

[0114] As described above, the insulation 18 provided between the smokable material 5 and the outer surface 19 of the housing 7 reduces heat loss from the device 1, and therefore improves the efficiency with which the smokable material 5 is heated. For example, with reference to Figure 2, the wall of the housing 7 may be provided with a layer of insulation 18 extending around the periphery of the heating chamber 4. The length of the insulation layer 18 may be substantially the length of a tube of insulation 18 disposed coaxially around the heating chamber 4 and the smokable material 5. This is shown in Figure 2. It should be noted that the insulation 18 may be configured as part of the smoking material cartridge 11, in which case the insulation 18 would be disposed coaxially outside the smokable material 5.

[0115] Referring to FIG. 12, the insulation 18 may comprise a vacuum insulation 18. For example, the insulation 18 may comprise a layer surrounded by a wall material 19, such as a metallic material. The interior region or core 20 of the insulation 18 may comprise an open-cell porous material, for example, including a polymer, aerogel, or other suitable material, and may be evacuated to a low pressure. The pressure within the interior region 20 may be in the range of 0.1 to 0.001 mbar. The wall 19 of the insulation 18 is strong enough to withstand the forces exerted on the wall 19 by the pressure differential between the core 20 and the exterior surface of the wall 19, thereby preventing the insulation 18 from collapsing. For example, the wall 19 may comprise a stainless steel wall 19 having a thickness of about 100 μm. The thermal conductivity of the insulation 18 may be in the range of 0.004 to 0.005 W / mK. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the insulation 18 is about 1.10 to about 1.40 W / mK over a temperature range of about 150 to about 250°C. 2 The thermal insulation 18 may have a reflective coating on the inner surface of the wall material 19 to minimize heat loss due to radiative transmission through the thermal insulation 18. This coating may comprise, for example, an aluminum IR-reflective coating having a thickness of about 0.3-1.0 μm. The reduced pressure within the central region 20 allows the thermal insulation 18 to function even if the central region 20 is very thin. The thermal insulation properties are substantially independent of its thickness. This facilitates making the overall device 1 smaller.

[0116] As shown in Figure 12, the wall 19 may comprise an inward section 21 and an outward section 22. The inward section 21 substantially faces the smokable material 5 and the heating chamber 4. The outward section 22 substantially faces the outside of the housing 7. During operation of the device 1, the inward section 21 may be warmer due to the thermal energy of the heater 3, while the outward section 22 cools due to the influence of the insulation 18. The inward and outward sections 21, 22 may, for example, form a plurality of walls 19 that are substantially parallel and extend longitudinally and are at least as long as the heater 3. The inner surface of the outward section 22 of the wall, i.e., the surface facing the reduced pressure central region 20, may be provided with a coating that absorbs gas within the central region 20. A suitable coating is a titanium oxide coating.

[0117] The insulation 18 may comprise an ultra-high vacuum insulation, such as the Insulon® Shaped-Vacuum Thermal Barrier described in U.S. Patent No. 7,374,063. The overall thickness of such insulation 18 may be extremely thin. One exemplary thickness is about 1 mm to about 1 μm, e.g., about 0.1 mm, although other thicker or thinner thicknesses are possible. The insulating properties of the insulation 18 are substantially unaffected by its thickness, and thus a thin insulation 18 may be used without substantially increasing heat loss from the device 1. A very thin insulation 18 may allow the housing 7 and the entire device 1 to be smaller than the dimensions previously described, allowing the device 1 to have a thickness, e.g., diameter, approximately equal to that of smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars, and cigarillos. Additionally, the device 1 may be lighter, providing similar benefits to the compact size discussed above.

[0118] Although the insulation 18 described above may include gas absorbing material to facilitate maintaining or creating a vacuum in the central region 20, gas absorbing material is not used in the high vacuum insulation 18. The absence of gas absorbing material helps keep the thickness of the insulation 18 very thin, which in turn facilitates keeping the overall appliance 1 small.

[0119] The geometry of the ultra-high insulation section 18 allows the vacuum level within the insulation section to be higher than the vacuum used to extract molecules from the central region 20 of the insulation section 18 during manufacturing. For example, the high vacuum within the insulation section 18 can be higher than the vacuum within the vacuum furnace chamber in which it is made. The vacuum within the insulation section 18 can be, for example, 10 -7 Torr may be used. Referring to FIG. 17 , one end of the central region 20 of the high-vacuum insulation section 18 may be tapered, with the outward section 22 and the inward section 21 converging toward an outlet 25, allowing gas within the central region 20 to be removed through the outlet 25 and create a high vacuum during fabrication of the insulation section 18. While FIG. 17 illustrates the outward section 22 converging toward the inward section 21, the opposite arrangement, in which the inward section 21 converges toward the outward section 22, may alternatively be used. The converging end of the insulation wall 19 is configured to force gas molecules within the central region 20 out the outlet 25, thereby creating a high vacuum in the center portion 20. The outlet 25 may be sealable to maintain the high vacuum in the central region 20 after the region 20 is depressurized. The outlet 25 may be sealed, for example, by heating a brazing material for the outlet 25 after removing gas from the center portion 20 to create a brazed seal at the outlet 25. Alternative sealing techniques may also be used.

[0120] To reduce the pressure in the central region 20, the insulating section 18 may be placed in a substantially reduced-pressure environment, such as a vacuum furnace chamber, so that gas molecules within the central region 20 flow into the low-pressure environment outside the insulating section 18. When the pressure in the central region 20 is reduced, the tapered shape of the central region 20, and specifically the converging sections 21 and 22, influence the remaining gas molecules to exit the central region 20 via the outlet 25. In particular, when the gas pressure in the central region 20 is low, the guiding effect of the converging inward and outward sections 21 and 22 is effective in guiding the remaining gas molecules within the central region 20 toward the outlet 25, making the likelihood of gas exiting the central region 20 higher than the likelihood of gas entering the central region 20 from outside the low-pressure environment. In this way, the shape of the central region 20 allows the pressure within the central region 20 to be lower than the pressure of the environment outside the insulating section 18.

[0121] If desired, as noted above, one or more low-emissivity coatings may be present on the interior surfaces of the inward-facing and outward-facing sections 21, 22 of the wall 19 to substantially prevent heat loss by radiation.

[0122] Although the shape of the insulation 18 is described herein as being substantially cylindrical or similar overall, other shapes of the insulation 18 are possible to accommodate and insulate various configurations of the device 1, such as various shapes and sizes of the heating chamber 4, heater 3, housing 7, or energy source 2. For example, the size and shape of the high vacuum insulation 18, such as the Instron® Molded Vacuum Thermal Barrier described above, is substantially unlimited by its manufacturing process. Suitable materials for forming the focusing structures described above include ceramics, metals, metalloids, and combinations thereof.

[0123] Referring to the schematic illustration of Figure 13, a thermal bridge 23 may connect the inward wall section 21 and the outward wall section 22 at one or more ends of the insulating section 18 to completely surround and contain the low-pressure core 20. The thermal bridge 23 may comprise a wall 19 formed from the same material as the inward and outward sections 21, 22. A suitable material is stainless steel, as discussed above. The thermal bridge 23 has a greater thermal conductivity than the insulating core 20 and may therefore undesirably transfer heat away from the device 1, thereby reducing the efficiency of heating the smokable material 5.

[0124] To reduce heat loss through the thermal bridge 23, the thermal bridge 23 may be extended to increase its resistance to heat flow from the inward section 21 to the outward section 22. This is illustrated schematically in Figure 14. For example, the thermal bridge 23 may follow a circuitous path between the inward section 21 of the wall 19 and the outward section 22 of the wall 19. This may be facilitated by providing insulation 18 over a longitudinal distance that is longer than the length of the heater 3, heating chamber 4, and smokable material 5 so that the thermal bridge 23 can gradually extend along a circuitous path from the inward section 21 to the outward section 22, thereby reducing the thickness of the core 20 to zero at a longitudinal location of the housing 7 where the heater 3, heating chamber 4, and smokable material 5 are absent.

[0125] Referring to FIG. 16 , as described above, the heating chamber 4 insulated by the thermal insulation 18 may include an inlet / outlet valve 24 that, when closed, seals the heating chamber 4. The valve 24 thus prevents unwanted air from entering or leaving the chamber 4, preventing the aroma of the smoking material from escaping from the chamber 4. The inlet / outlet valve 24 may be located, for example, in the thermal insulation 18. For example, the controller 12 may close the valve 24 between puffs, allowing the vaporized material to remain within the chamber 4. The partial pressure of the vaporized material between puffs reaches saturated vapor pressure, and therefore the amount of vaporized material is determined solely by the temperature within the heating chamber 4. This promotes a reliable and consistent supply of vaporized nicotine and aroma compounds from puff to puff. During puffs, the controller 12 is configured to open the valve 24, allowing air to flow through the chamber 4 and carry the vaporized smoking material components to the mouthpiece 6. A membrane may be disposed within the valve 24 to ensure that oxygen is not allowed to enter the chamber 4. Valve 24 may be breath-activated, opening in response to the detection of a puff at mouthpiece 6. Valve 24 may close in response to the detection of the end of a puff. Alternatively, valve 24 may close after a predetermined time has elapsed since opening. This predetermined time may be timed by controller 12. If desired, mechanical or other suitable opening / closing means may be provided so that valve 24 opens and closes automatically. For example, the movement of gas caused by the user inhaling on mouthpiece 6 may be used to open and close valve 24. Thus, use of controller 12 is not required to activate valve 24.

[0126] The mass of the smoking material 5 heated by the heater 3, e.g., each heating zone 10, may range from 0.2 to 1.0 g. The temperature to which the smoking material 5 is heated may be user-controllable, e.g., anywhere within the above-mentioned temperature range of 150 to 250°C. The mass of the entire device 1 may range from 70 to 125 g, although lighter masses may be achieved by employing the types of heaters 3 and / or high-vacuum insulation 18 described above. A battery 2 with a capacity of 1000 to 3000 mAh and a voltage of 3.7 V may be used. The heating zones 10 may be configured to separately and selectively heat approximately 10 to 40 sections of smoking material 5 in a single cartridge 11.

[0127] Of course, any of the above options can be used alone or in combination.

[0128] To address various problems and advance technology, the entire disclosure provides various illustrative embodiments in which the claimed inventions may be practiced to provide superior devices. The advantages and features of the present disclosure are merely representative examples of embodiments and are not intended to be comprehensive or exclusive. They are provided merely to aid in understanding and teaching the claimed features. Naturally, the advantages, embodiments, examples, functions, features, structures, and / or other aspects of the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the disclosure to the exact scope of the claims or to equivalents thereto, and it should be understood that other embodiments may be utilized or modified without departing from the scope and / or spirit of the present disclosure. Various embodiments may suitably comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the disclosed elements, components, features, parts, steps, means, or other combinations. The present disclosure also encompasses other inventions not currently claimed but which may be claimed in the future.

Claims

1. a smokable material heating chamber configured to contain the body of smokable material while heating; a heater configured to heat the smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material, the heater includes a support and at least one heating element located within the support; the heater includes a substantially hollow cylinder positioned around the heating chamber and configured such that heat is emitted radially inward by the heater; An apparatus wherein the rate at which the temperature of the support increases during heating is substantially the same as the rate at which the temperature of the at least one heating element increases.

2. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the smokable material is heated primarily by heat emitted from the support.

3. 3. An apparatus as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the heater has a peripheral surface, the heater is positioned so that its peripheral surface primarily includes the peripheral surface of the support, and the smokable material is heated primarily by heat emitted from the heated support.

4. 4. An apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the heating element is arranged to heat the substrate to a temperature sufficient to cause the substrate to volatilise at least one component of the smokable material.

5. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the support and the heating element have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion.

6. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the heating element is chemically bonded to the support.

7. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the heating element and the support comprise a single sintered structure.

8. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heater comprises a plurality of individual heating zones.

9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the heating zones are operable independently of each other.

10. 10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein the heating zones are geometrically arranged within the heater such that different regions of the heating zones are arranged to primarily and independently heat different regions of the smokable material.

11. 11. An apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the heating zones are arranged in a substantially elongated arrangement, each of which comprises an independently temperature controllable section of a heater.

12. 12. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the heating element is a printed heating element.

13. 13. The device of any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the device further comprises a controller, the controller configured to activate the heating zones in a predetermined sequence or pattern.

14. 14. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the smokable material is provided in a cartridge that is insertable into the heating chamber.

15. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein a cartridge comprises a tube of smoking material insertable into the heater.

16. 16. The device of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the support comprises a ceramic material.

17. 17. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, configured to heat smokable material to a volatilization temperature of the smokable material of at least 120°C.

18. 18. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, configured to heat smokable material to a volatilisation temperature of the smokable material between 120°C and 250°C.

19. 19. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the smokable material comprises a tobacco blend and the heat from the heater heats the smokable material so as to volatilize aromatic compounds and nicotine in the smokable material without burning the smokable material.

20. 20. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, further comprising a controller which causes the heater or different regions of the heater to cycle between predetermined set temperatures for a predetermined period of time, or which causes the temperature of the heater and / or individual regions of the heater to vary according to a heating regime.

21. 21. An apparatus according to any preceding claim, further comprising a controller, and a plurality of electrical circuits printed on the support for providing control or measurement signals to or from the controller.

22. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the electrical circuitry includes a temperature measurement circuit.

23. 23. Use of the device according to any one of claims 1 to 22 to heat smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material.

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