Open structure

Abstract

The challenge is to improve the stability of the frame attachment. [Solution] The opening structure comprises wooden structural members (10R, 10L, and 10U), fire-resistant coverings (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, and 51U), wooden boards (60L, 60R, and 60U), and frame members (70L, 70R, and 70U). The (10R, 10L, and 10U) surround an opening (9) on both sides and above the opening (9). The fire-resistant coverings (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, and 51U) provide fire-resistant covering to the visible surfaces on both sides and above the opening (9). The wooden boards (60L, 60R, and 60U) are attached to the fire-resistant coverings (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, and 51U) to frame the opening (9). Frame members (70L, 70R, 70U) are attached to the wooden boards (60L, 60R, 60U) so as to frame the opening (9).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The technology disclosed in this specification relates to an aperture structure. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a wall with an opening. Gypsum board is attached to both sides of the wall and to the visible surface of the opening, and an opening frame is attached to the visible surface of the opening from above the gypsum board. Because the gypsum board is brittle, the attachment of the opening frame is unstable, and the gypsum board is easily damaged and the opening frame is easily separated. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-190173 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The problem that the technology disclosed in this specification aims to solve is to improve the stability of mounting frame materials. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the wooden structural members surrounding the opening on both sides and above the opening, and the visible surfaces on both sides and above the opening, are covered with fire-resistant coating. The first inner layer and the first outer layer are stacked in order on the surface. A fire-resistant covering and a frame surrounding the opening. The outer layer The aforementioned No. 1 a wooden board attached to the fireproof covering body; and a frame material attached to the wooden board so as to frame the opening; a second fire-resistant coating body that fire-resistantly covers the front surface of the wooden structural material and is made up of an inner layer and an outer layer that are stacked and joined in order to the front surface of the wooden structural material; and a third fire-resistant coating body that fire-resistantly covers the rear surface of the wooden structural material and is made up of an inner layer and an outer layer that are stacked and joined in order to the rear surface of the wooden structural material. Equipped with an opening structure in which the first fire-resistant coating of the inner layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer in a state where it is inferior to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer, the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer in a state where it is superior to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer, and the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the outer layer in a state where it is inferior to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the outer layer is provided.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the wall in which the opening is formed and the visible surfaces on both sides and above the opening are covered with fireproof coating. The first inner layer and the first outer layer are stacked and joined in order on the prospective surface. A fire-resistant covering and a frame surrounding the opening. The outer layer The aforementioned No. 1 a wooden board attached to the fireproof covering body; and a frame material attached to the wooden board so as to frame the opening; a second fire-resistant coating body that fire-resistantly covers the front surface of the wall and that has an inner layer and an outer layer that are stacked and joined in order to the front surface of the wall; and a third fire-resistant coating body that fire-resistantly covers the rear surface of the wall and that has an inner layer and an outer layer that are stacked and joined in order to the rear surface of the wall; Equipped with an opening structure in which the first fire-resistant coating of the inner layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer in a state where it is inferior to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer, the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer in a state where it is superior to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer, and the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the outer layer in a state where it is inferior to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the outer layer is provided. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] The wooden boards contribute to improving the stability of the frame attachment. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front view of a wall in which an opening is formed. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken along line II-II shown in FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line III-III shown in FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the modified example. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the modified example. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a modified example. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a modified example. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a front view of a wall in a modified example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Features and technical effects of the embodiments will be understood from the following detailed description and drawings. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below. Because the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples in the drawings.

[0010] [Disclosure Summary] This specification discloses the following aperture structure. The reference numerals in parentheses below refer to Figures 1 to 8. The reference numerals in parentheses are provided to facilitate understanding of the aperture structure, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples in the drawings.

[0011] [1] The opening structure comprises wooden structural members (10R, 10L and 10U) surrounding the opening (9) on both sides and above the opening (9), fire-resistant covering bodies (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U) that provide fire-resistant covering to the visible surfaces on both sides and above the opening (9), wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) attached to the fire-resistant covering bodies (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U) so as to frame the opening (9), and frame members (70L, 70R, 70U) attached to the wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) so as to frame the opening (9).

[0012] According to [1], the fire-resistant coverings (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U) contribute to the fire resistance of the wooden structural members (10R, 10L and 10U) on the visible surface of the opening (9). The wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) are attached to the fire-resistant coverings (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U) so as to frame the opening (9), and the frame members (70L, 70R, 70U) are attached to the wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) so as to frame the opening (9), which improves the stability of the attachment of the frame members (70L, 70R, 70U). Since the wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) are thinner than timber and the like, even if the wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) are attached to the fire-resistant covering (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U) so as to frame the opening (9), the size of the opening (9) is unlikely to become smaller.

[0013] [2] In [1], the opening structure further comprises front fire-resistant covering bodies (30, 31) that provide fire-resistant covering to the front surfaces of the wooden structural members (10R, 10L, and 10U), and rear fire-resistant covering bodies (40, 41) that provide fire-resistant covering to the rear surfaces of the wooden structural members (10R, 10L, and 10U).

[0014] According to [2], the front fire-resistant coverings (30, 31) contribute to the fire resistance of the wooden structural members (10R, 10L, and 10U) on the front side of the wooden structural members (10R, 10L, and 10U). The rear fire-resistant coverings (40, 41) contribute to the fire resistance of the wooden structural members (10R, 10L, and 10U) on the rear side of the wooden structural members (10R, 10L, and 10U).

[0015] [3] In [1] or [2], the wooden structural materials (10R, 10L, and 10U) are wooden wall panels having a frame body (11) and face materials (12 and 13) attached to the front and rear surfaces of the frame body (11).

[0016] [4] The opening structure comprises a wall (1) in which an opening (9) is formed, fire-resistant covering bodies (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U) that provide fire-resistant covering to the visible surfaces on both sides and above the opening (9), wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) attached to the fire-resistant covering bodies (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U) so as to frame the opening (9), and frame materials (70L, 70R, 70U) attached to the wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) so as to frame the opening (9).

[0017] According to [4], the fire-resistant coverings (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, and 51U) contribute to the fire resistance of the wall (1) on the visible side of the opening (9). The wooden boards (60L, 60R, and 60U) are attached to the fire-resistant coverings (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, and 51U) so as to frame the opening (9), and the frame materials (70L, 70R, and 70U) are attached to the wooden boards (60L, 60R, and 60U) so as to frame the opening (9), which improves the stability of the attachment of the frame materials (70L, 70R, and 70U). Since the wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) are thinner than timber and the like, even if the wooden boards (60L, 60R and 60U) are attached to the fire-resistant covering (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U) so as to frame the opening (9), the size of the opening (9) is unlikely to become smaller.

[0018] [5] In [4], the opening structure includes a front fireproof coating (30, 31) that provides a fireproof coating to the front surface of the wall (1), and a rear fireproof coating (40, 41) that provides a fireproof coating to the rear surface of the wall (1).

[0019] According to [5], the front fire-resistant cladding (30, 31) contributes to the fire resistance of the wall (1) on the front side of the wall (1), and the rear fire-resistant cladding (40, 41) contributes to the fire resistance of the wall (1) on the rear side of the wall (1).

[0020] [6] In [1], [2], [3] or [4], the fire-resistant coating (50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U) is provided in two layers.

[0021] According to [6], the fire resistance of the wall (1) is improved. The two layers of the fireproof covering are mutually reinforced, and the brittleness of the fireproof covering is reduced.

[0022] [Embodiment] Fig. 1 is a front view of an opening 9 provided in a wall 1 of a wooden building. Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken along line II-II shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along line III-III shown in Fig. 1.

[0023] A wooden building is a wall-type structure constructed using panel construction methods, particularly wood panel adhesive construction methods. However, a wooden building may also be a wall-type structure constructed using frame construction methods, or a frame-type structure constructed using a frame construction method. A wooden building may also be a hybrid structure that combines a wall-type structure and a frame-type structure. A wall-type structure is one in which the load and seismic force of the building and its loads are supported by walls. A frame-type structure is one in which the load and seismic force of the building and its loads are supported by columns and beams, and if necessary, by bracing.

[0024] The energy used from production to disposal and disposal of wood is less than the energy used from production to disposal and disposal of metal or concrete materials. Therefore, wooden buildings contribute to the realization of a decarbonized society by promoting carbon neutrality, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions to virtually zero, and to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

[0025] The opening structure of a wooden building comprises a wall 1, adjustment members 20L, 20R, 20U, fire-resistant covering bodies 30, 31, 40, 41, 50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, 51U, wooden boards 60L, 60R, 60U, frame members 70L, 70R, 70U and trim members 80R, 81R, 81U.

[0026] The wall 1 has a plurality of wall panels 10, which are wooden structural materials. The wall 1 is constructed by arranging and assembling these wall panels 10 along a vertical plane. Structural materials are materials that form the framework of a wooden building. The structural materials support the weight of the wooden building and its loads. The wall panel 10 has a rectangular frame 11 formed by assembling four wooden frames into a rectangular frame shape, and wooden face panels 12 and 13 attached to both sides of the rectangular frame 11.

[0027] The opening 9 is surrounded by wall panels 10L, 10R, and 10U of these wall panels 10 and the floor 8. The wall panel 10U is located above the opening 9, and the wall panels 10L and 10R are located on the left and right sides of the opening 9, respectively.

[0028] A part of the wall 1 may be formed of a structural material other than the wall panel 10. Examples of structural materials other than the wall panel 10 include a beam or a pillar. The wall panel 10U above the opening 9 may be replaced with a beam.

[0029] Square rod-shaped adjustment members 20L and 20R are attached with screws or adhesive to the left and right edges of the opening 9 along the left and right edges of the opening 9 to adjust the horizontal dimension of the opening 9. In other words, adjustment member 20L is attached to the small end surface, which is the side surface of wall panel 10L, and adjustment member 20R is attached to the small end surface, which is the side surface of wall panel 10R.

[0030] A square rod-shaped adjustment member 20U is attached with screws or adhesive to the upper visible surface of the opening 9 along the upper edge of the opening 9 in order to adjust the vertical dimension of the opening 9. In other words, the adjustment member 20U is attached to the small end surface, which is the lower surface of the wall panel 10U.

[0031] The visible surfaces of the front sides of the adjusting members 20L, 20R, and 20U, that is, the front surfaces, are flush with the surface of the face material 12 of the wall panel 10. These surfaces form the front surface 2 of the wall 1. The visible surfaces of the rear sides of the adjustment members 20L, 20R, and 20U, that is, the rear surfaces, are flush with the surface of the face material 13 of the wall panel 10. These surfaces form the rear surface 3 of the wall 1.

[0032] The adjusting member 20U may be a lintel, and the adjusting members 20L and 20R may be lintel supports or mullions. The adjusting member 20U is joined to the adjusting members 20L and 20R in a state where the adjusting member 20U is in contact with the adjusting members 20L and 20R, that is, with the upper end faces of the adjusting members 20L and 20R abutting against the adjusting member 20U. However, the adjusting members 20L and 20R may also be in a state where they are in contact with the adjusting member 20U, that is, with the left and right end faces of the adjusting member 20U abutting against the adjusting members 20L and 20R, respectively.

[0033] Adjusting members 20L, 20R, and 20U do not have to be provided. When adjusting members 20L, 20R, and 20U are not provided, the upper visible surface of the inner periphery of opening 9 is formed by the edge surface that is the underside of wall panel 10U, the left visible surface of opening 9 is formed by the edge surface that is the right side of wall panel 10L, and the right visible surface of opening 9 is formed by the edge surface that is the left side of wall panel 10R. When adjusting members 20L, 20R, and 20U are provided, the upper visible surface of the inner periphery of opening 9 is formed by the underside of adjusting member 20U, the left visible surface of opening 9 is formed by the right side of adjusting member 20R, and the right visible surface of opening 9 is formed by the left side of adjusting member 20R.

[0034] When the wooden building has a framework structure or a hybrid structure, the opening 9 may be an area surrounded by structural columns and beams. Adjusting members 20L, 20R, and 20U may be joined to the inner peripheral surfaces of the area surrounded by the columns and beams.

[0035] The wall 1 is fire-resistant coated. The wall 1 may be entirely fire-resistant coated. The fire-resistant coating of the wall 1 will be described in detail below.

[0036] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, fire-resistant coatings 30 and 31 are sequentially placed over the front surface 2 of the wall 1, and the front surface 2 of the wall 1 is fire-resistantly coated with the two-layer fire-resistant coatings 30 and 31. The fire-resistant coating 30 is attached to the front surface of the wall panel 10. The fire-resistant coating 30 is attached not only to the wall panel 10 but also to the visible front surfaces of the adjusting materials 20L, 20R, and 20U. The fire-resistant coating 31 is attached to the front surface of the fire-resistant coating 30.

[0037] The fire-resistant covering 30 comprises a plurality of fire-resistant boards arranged on the front surface 2 of the wall 1. These fire-resistant boards may be joined to the surface 2 of the wall 1 by an adhesive, in particular a fire-resistant adhesive. These fire-resistant boards may be joined to the front surface 2 of the wall 1 by screws or staples. These fire-resistant boards may be reinforced gypsum boards classified as "GB-F" in JIS A 6901.

[0038] The fire-resistant covering 31 has a plurality of fire-resistant boards arranged on the front surface of the fire-resistant covering 30. The fire-resistant boards of the fire-resistant covering 31 may be joined to the fire-resistant boards of the fire-resistant covering 30 by an adhesive, in particular a fire-resistant adhesive. The fire-resistant boards of the fire-resistant covering 31 may be joined to the fire-resistant boards of the fire-resistant covering 30 by a stapler. The fire-resistant boards of the fire-resistant covering 31 may be joined to the front surface 2 of the wall 1 together with the fire-resistant boards of the fire-resistant covering 30 by screws.

[0039] The two layers of the fire-resistant coatings 30 and 31 reinforce each other, reducing the brittleness of the fire-resistant coatings 30 and 31. In particular, when the fire-resistant coating 31 is bonded to the fire-resistant coating 30 with an adhesive, the adhesive contributes to reducing the brittleness of the fire-resistant coatings 30 and 31.

[0040] Fire-resistant coatings 40 and 41 sequentially cover the back surface 3 of wall 1, and the back surface 2 of wall 1 is fire-resistantly coated with the two-layer fire-resistant coatings 40 and 41. The fire-resistant coating 40 is attached to the back surface of wall panel 10. The fire-resistant coating 40 is attached not only to the wall panel 10 but also to the visible surfaces of the back sides of adjusting materials 20L, 20R, and 20U. Like fire-resistant coating 30, fire-resistant coating 40 has a plurality of fire-resistant boards, and like fire-resistant coating 31, fire-resistant coating 41 has a plurality of fire-resistant boards.

[0041] As shown in Fig. 1, the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, and 51U provide fire-resistant covering to the visible surfaces on both sides and above the opening 9. Specifically, this is as follows.

[0042] As shown in Fig. 2, fire-resistant coatings 50R and 51R cover the right visible surface of opening 9 in order, and this visible surface is fire-resistantly coated with the two-layer fire-resistant coatings 50R and 51R. The fire-resistant coating 50R is attached to the adjusting material 20R with an adhesive, screws, or a stapler. The fire-resistant coating 51R is attached to the fire-resistant coating 50R with an adhesive, screws, or a stapler.

[0043] The fire-resistant covering 50R is joined to the fire-resistant coverings 30, 40 in a state where the fire-resistant covering 50R is behind the fire-resistant coverings 30, 40, that is, in a state where the front and rear end faces of the fire-resistant covering 50R are respectively abutted against the fire-resistant coverings 30, 40. This type of joining contributes to fire resistance at the corner formed by the visible surface of the opening 9 and the front surface of the wall 1, and also contributes to fire resistance at the corner formed by the visible surface of the opening 9 and the rear surface of the wall 1. However, the fire-resistant covering 50R may be in a state where it is ahead of the fire-resistant coverings 30, 40.

[0044] The fire-resistant covering 51R is joined to the fire-resistant coverings 30, 40 in a state where the fire-resistant covering 51R is in a leading position relative to the fire-resistant coverings 30, 40, that is, in a state where the left end faces of the fire-resistant coverings 30, 40 are abutting against the fire-resistant covering 50R. This type of joining contributes to fire resistance at the corner formed by the visible surface of the opening 9 and the front surface of the wall 1, as well as to fire resistance at the corner formed by the visible surface of the opening 9 and the rear surface of the wall 1. However, the fire-resistant covering 51R may be in a trailing position relative to the fire-resistant coverings 30, 40.

[0045] The fire-resistant covering 51R is joined to the fire-resistant coverings 31, 41 in a state where the fire-resistant covering 51R is behind the fire-resistant coverings 31, 41, that is, in a state where the front and rear end faces of the fire-resistant covering 51R are respectively abutted against the fire-resistant coverings 31, 41. However, the fire-resistant covering 51R may be in a state where it is ahead of the fire-resistant coverings 31, 41.

[0046] The two layers of the fire-resistant coatings 50R and 51R reinforce each other, reducing the brittleness of the fire-resistant coatings 50R and 51R. In particular, when the fire-resistant coating 51R is bonded to the fire-resistant coating 50R with an adhesive, the adhesive contributes to reducing the brittleness of the fire-resistant coatings 50R and 51R.

[0047] As shown in Fig. 1, the left-hand side of the opening 9 is also fire-resistant coated with two-layer fire-resistant coatings 50L and 51L, just like the right-hand side. As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the upper surface of the opening 9 is also fire-resistant coated with two-layer fire-resistant coatings 50U and 51U, just like the right-hand side.

[0048] 1, the fire-resistant covering 51U is joined to the fire-resistant coverings 51L, 51R in a state where the fire-resistant covering 51U is in a leading position relative to the fire-resistant coverings 51L, 51R, that is, in a state where the upper end surfaces of the fire-resistant coverings 51L, 51R are abutted against the fire-resistant covering 51U. However, the fire-resistant covering 51U may be in a trailing position relative to the fire-resistant coverings 51L, 51R.

[0049] The fire-resistant covering 51U is joined to the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 50R in a state where the fire-resistant covering 51U is behind the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 50R, that is, in a state where the left and right end faces of the fire-resistant covering 51U are abutted against the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 50R, respectively. However, the fire-resistant covering 51U may be in a state where it is ahead of the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 50R.

[0050] The fire-resistant covering 50U is joined to the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 50R in a state where the fire-resistant covering 50U is in a leading position relative to the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 50R, that is, in a state where the upper end surfaces of the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 50R are abutted against the fire-resistant covering 50U. However, the fire-resistant covering 50U may be in a trailing position relative to the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 50R.

[0051] The fire-resistant coverings 50L, 50R, 50U, 51L, 51R, and 51U are made of reinforced gypsum board classified under the symbol "GB-F" in JIS A 6901.

[0052] The wooden boards 60L, 60R, and 60U are attached to the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, and 51U so as to frame the opening 9. Specifically, the following is done.

[0053] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a wooden board 60R serving as a base material is attached to the fire-resistant covering 51R on the visible right side of the opening 9. The wooden board 60R is plywood. However, the wooden board 60R may also be solid wood. Long screws 61R are used to secure the wooden board 60R. The long screws 61R are driven from the wooden board 60R to the adjustment material 20R. The long screws 61R may also be driven into the rectangular frame 11 of the wall panel 10R.

[0054] As shown in Figure 1, a wooden board 60L serving as a base material is attached to the fire-resistant covering 51R on the left side of the opening 9, and long screws 61R are driven from the wooden board 60L to the rectangular frame 11 of the wall panel 10L or to the adjusting material 20L. The wooden board 60L is made of plywood. However, the wooden board 60L may also be made of solid wood.

[0055] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, a wooden board 60U serving as a base material is attached to the fire-resistant covering 51U on the visible surface above the opening 9, and long screws are driven from the wooden board 60U to the rectangular frame 11 of the wall panel 10U or to the adjusting material 20U. The wooden board 60U is plywood. However, the wooden board 60U may also be made of solid wood.

[0056] 1, the upper end surfaces of the wooden boards 60L and 60R are abutted against the wooden board 60U, and the wooden board 60U wins against the wooden boards 60L and 60R. However, the wooden board 60U may also lose against the wooden boards 60L and 60R.

[0057] The frame members 70L, 70R, and 70U are attached to the wooden boards 60L, 60R, and 60U so as to frame the opening 9. Specifically, the following is done.

[0058] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a vertical frame member 70R is attached to the wooden board 60R with adhesive. The vertical frame member 70R is formed as a plate that is thin in the front-to-back direction and long in the vertical direction, so that it has a width in the front-to-back direction, a thickness in the front-to-back direction, and a length in the vertical direction. The vertical frame member 70R has a strip portion 71R and two protruding pieces 72R and 73R. The strip portion 71R and the protruding pieces 72R and 73R are integrally formed. The strip portion 71R has a width in the front-to-back direction, a thickness in the front-to-back direction, and a length in the vertical direction, so that it is formed as a strip portion that is thin in the front-to-back direction and long in the vertical direction. The front dimension of the strip portion 71R is equal to the front dimension of the wooden board 60R. The protruding pieces 72R and 73R protrude in opposite directions from both ends of the strip portion 71R in the front-to-back direction.

[0059] A trim 80R is provided on the front visible surface of the vertical frame member 70R, and fits into the corner formed by the convex piece portion 72R and the band plate portion 71R. The trim 80R extends vertically along the convex piece portion 72R. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the trim 80R, i.e., the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the vertical direction, is rectangular, and the cross-sectional shape is uniform from the top end to the bottom end of the trim 80R. The trim 80R covers the front visible surface of the wooden board 60R. Note that the trim 80R does not necessarily have to be provided.

[0060] A trim 81R is provided on the visible rear surface of the vertical frame material 70R, and fits into the corner formed by the convex piece portion 73R and the band plate portion 71R. The trim 81R extends vertically along the convex piece portion 73R. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the trim 81R, i.e., the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the vertical direction, is rectangular, and the cross-sectional shape is uniform from the top end to the bottom end of the trim 81R. The trim 81R covers and conceals the visible rear surface of the wooden board 60R. Note that the trim 81R does not necessarily have to be provided.

[0061] As shown in Figure 1, vertical frame member 70L, which has the same shape as vertical frame member 70R, is attached to wooden board 60L with adhesive. The two vertical frame members 70L are provided on the front and rear facing surfaces, respectively, and these facing materials cover and conceal the front and rear facing surfaces of wooden board 60L.

[0062] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, a strip-shaped horizontal frame member 70U is attached to the wooden board 60U with an adhesive. A strip-shaped parting material 81U is attached to the underside of the fire-resistant covering 51U and the fire-resistant covering 41 with an adhesive behind the horizontal frame member 70U. The parting material 81U is made of gypsum board. The parting material 81U hides the wooden board 60U from behind.

[0063] A door may be provided in the area enclosed by the frame members 70L, 70R, and 70U. The door may be a hinged door or a sliding door.

[0064] As described above, the fire-resistant coatings 50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, and 51U contribute to the fire resistance of the wall 1 on the visible side of the opening 9. The front fire-resistant coatings 30 and 31 contribute to the fire resistance of the wall 1 on the front side of the wall 1. The rear fire-resistant coatings 40 and 41 contribute to the fire resistance of the wall 1 on the rear side of the wall 1.

[0065] The wooden boards 60L, 60R, 60U are attached to the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, 51U so as to frame the opening 9, and the frame materials 70L, 70R, 70U are attached to the wooden boards 60L, 60R, 60U so as to frame the opening 9, thereby improving the stability of the attachment of the frame materials 70L, 70R, 70U. Because the wooden boards 60L, 60R, 60U are thinner than square timber or the like, the size of the opening 9 is unlikely to become smaller even if the wooden boards 60L, 60R, 60U are attached to the fire-resistant coverings 50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U, 51U so as to frame the opening 9.

[0066] In the above embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the frame material 70U is different from the cross-sectional shapes of the frame materials 70L and 70R. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the cross-sectional shape of the frame material 70U may be the same as the cross-sectional shape of the frame materials 70L and 70R. That is, the vertical frame material 70U may have a band plate portion 71U and two protruding pieces 72U and 73U. The band plate portion 71U and the protruding pieces 72U and 73U are integrally formed. The band plate portion 71U has a width in the front-rear direction, a thickness in the front-rear direction, and a length in the lateral direction, and is formed as a band plate that is thin in the front-rear direction and long in the lateral direction. The front dimension of the band plate portion 71U is equal to the front dimension of the wooden board 60U. The protruding pieces 72U and 73U protrude in opposite directions from both ends of the band plate portion 71U in the front-rear direction. A parting material 82U having the same cross-sectional shape as that of parting material 80R is provided on the front visible surface of horizontal frame material 80U, and parting material 82U fits into the inside corner formed by convex piece portion 72U and band plate portion 71U. A parting material 83U having the same cross-sectional shape as that of parting material 81R is provided on the front visible surface of horizontal frame material 80U, and parting material 83U fits into the inside corner formed by convex piece portion 73U and band plate portion 71U.

[0067] The positions of the wooden boards 60L, 60R, 60U and the frame members 70L, 70R, 70U in the front-to-back direction (view direction) may be changed. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the front-facing surfaces of the wooden board 60R and the band plate portion 71R, i.e., the front surfaces, are flush with the surface of the fire-resistant material 31. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the rear-facing surfaces of the wooden board 60R and the band plate portion 71U, i.e., the rear surfaces, are flush with the surface of the fire-resistant material 41. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the wooden board 60R and the frame member 70R are positioned in a central position between the surface of the fire-resistant material 40 and the surface of the fire-resistant material 41. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the front-facing surfaces of the wooden board 60R and the band plate portion 71R, i.e., the front surfaces, are flush with the surface of the fire-resistant material 31, and the rear-facing surfaces of the wooden board 60R and the band plate portion 71U, i.e., the rear surfaces, are flush with the surface of the fire-resistant material 41. In all of Figures 2, 5, 6 and 7, the positions of the wooden boards 60L and 60U and the frame members 70L and 70U are aligned with the positions of the wooden board 60R and the frame member 70R.

[0068] As shown in the example of Fig. 8, the adjusting materials 20L, 20R, and 20U do not have to be provided. In this case, the fire-resistant coating 50L is attached to the edge (side surface) of the wall panel 10L, the fire-resistant coating 50R is attached to the edge (side surface) of the wall panel 10R, and the fire-resistant coating 50U is attached to the edge (underside surface) of the wall panel 10U.

[0069] The above-disclosed embodiments have been made for the purpose of illustration and example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which should be interpreted by the terms of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] 1. Wall 9 aperture 30,31 Previous fireproof coating 40,41 Rear fireproof cladding 50L, 51L, 50R, 51R, 50U and 51U Fire-resistant coating on the visible surface 60L,60R,60U wood board 70L,70R,70U frame material

Claims

1. a wooden structural member surrounding the opening on both sides and above the opening; a first fire-resistant coating body that is an inner layer and an outer layer and that is stacked in order on the visible surfaces of both sides and the upper side of the opening; a wooden board attached to the first fire-resistant covering of the outer layer so as to frame the opening; a frame material attached to the wooden board so as to frame the opening; a second fire-resistant covering body having an inner layer and an outer layer that are stacked and joined in order on the front surface of the wooden structural material; a third fire-resistant covering body that covers the rear surface of the wooden structural member and that is an inner layer and an outer layer and is stacked and joined in order to the rear surface of the wooden structural member; Equipped with the first fire-resistant coating of the inner layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer in a state where the first fire-resistant coating ... the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer in a state where the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer; the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the outer layer in a state where the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the outer layer. Opening structure.

2. The wooden structural material is a wooden wall panel having a frame body and face materials attached to the front and rear surfaces of the frame body. The aperture structure according to claim 1 .

3. a wall having an opening formed therein; a first fire-resistant coating body for an inner layer and an outer layer that is fire-resistant coated on the visible surfaces on both sides and above the opening, and that is stacked and joined in order on the visible surfaces; a wooden board attached to the first fire-resistant covering of the outer layer so as to frame the opening; a frame material attached to the wooden board so as to frame the opening; a second fireproof coating body having an inner layer and an outer layer that are fireproof coated on the front surface of the wall and are stacked and joined to the front surface of the wall in order; a third fireproof coating body having an inner layer and an outer layer that are fireproof coated on the rear surface of the wall and are stacked and joined in order on the rear surface of the wall; Equipped with the first fire-resistant coating of the inner layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer in a state where the first fire-resistant coating ... the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer in a state where the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the inner layer; the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the outer layer in a state where the first fire-resistant coating of the outer layer is bonded to the second and third fire-resistant coatings of the outer layer. Opening structure.

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