Virtual Power Plant

Abstract

To provide a virtual power plant that can prevent occurrence of inconvenience due to restrictions in a user's contract.SOLUTION: A virtual power plant C includes a plurality of users B and an overall control device A that manages the plurality of users B. Each of the users B includes a load 4 connected to a power system via a power receiving point, a power conditioner 3 connected to the load 4, and a centralized management device 2 that manages the power conditioner 3. The centralized management device 2 includes a command value correction unit 24 that corrects an individual command value PiC2 based on an upper-level index pr received from the overall control device A, an index calculation unit 22 that sets a lower-level index pr' based on the individual command value PiC2 after being corrected, and a transmission unit 25 that transmits the lower-level index pr' to the power conditioner 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a virtual power plant. [Background technology]

[0002] Energy system reform is currently underway, and virtual power plants (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "VPP") are attracting attention. A VPP collectively controls multiple consumers (factories, offices, buildings, individual homes, and other entities that receive and use electricity) using a system network that manages electricity demand, and refers to a virtual power plant that makes multiple consumers function as if they were a single power plant. A VPP is equipped with an overall control device that manages multiple consumers and their electricity demand. Patent Document 1 discloses a VPP that controls multiple power generation systems on behalf of multiple consumers. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6849177 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] A VPP aggregates the receiving point power of multiple consumers and provides balancing power. The receiving point power is the power at the receiving point where each consumer connects to the power grid. When power is supplied from the power grid to a consumer, the value is positive, and when power is supplied from a consumer to the power grid (reverse power flow), the value is negative. In a VPP, when balancing power is required, the overall control device sets target values ​​for the receiving point power for each of multiple consumers. Each consumer controls the receiving point power according to the target value. On the other hand, when a target value is not set by the overall control device, each consumer manages its own energy. Each consumer has a contract for power with a power company or other entity. Furthermore, if a consumer has a self-consumption contract, a reverse power relay (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "RPR") or an under power relay (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "UPR") is installed.

[0005] For example, if the central control device increases the target value of each consumer's receiving point power in order to provide VPP regulation power, the receiving point power of a certain consumer may exceed its contracted power. Also, if the central control device decreases the target value of each consumer's receiving point power in order to provide VPP regulation power, the UPR (RPR) may operate at a certain consumer. Furthermore, if a consumer stops the output of a device that provides regulation power to prevent the UPR (RPR) from operating, the overall amount of regulation power provided will be insufficient, and other consumers will make up for the shortfall. If the consumer that stopped providing regulation power then provides regulation power again, the amount of regulation power provided will become excessive, and it will be necessary to suppress the regulation power of other consumers. If this behavior is repeated, the VPP may be unable to stably adjust power supply and demand.

[0006] The present invention has been devised in light of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a virtual power plant that can prevent inconveniences caused by restrictions in customer contracts. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical means.

[0008] The virtual power plant provided by the present invention is a virtual power plant comprising a plurality of consumers and an overall control device that manages the plurality of consumers, wherein each of the consumers comprises a load connected to a power grid via a receiving point, a power conditioner connected to the load, and a centralized control device that manages the power conditioner, and the centralized control device comprises a correction unit that corrects individual command values ​​based on higher-level targets received from the overall control device, a setting unit that sets lower-level targets based on the corrected individual command values, and a transmission unit that transmits the lower-level targets to the power conditioner.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system further includes a stopping unit that stops the power conditioner or the load, and the correction unit corrects the individual command value to suppress changes in the individual command value until a predetermined time has elapsed since the stopping unit stopped the power conditioner or the load.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the correction unit suppresses changes in the individual command value by correcting the individual command value to a value obtained by adding to the previous individual command value a value obtained by multiplying a difference between the individual command value and a previous individual command value based on a previously received higher-level target by a coefficient.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the correction unit corrects the individual instruction value to a value equal to or less than an upper limit value or equal to or more than a lower limit value.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the overall control device calculates a common upper-level indicator for converting the total power obtained by adding up the power at each receiving point of the multiple consumers into a total output command value as the upper-level target to be transmitted to each of the consumers, the setting unit calculates a lower-level indicator for converting the power at the receiving point of the consumer into the corrected individual command value and sets it as the lower-level target, and the power conditioner uses the received lower-level target to calculate an individual target power value, which is a target value for the individual output power of the device, based on a predetermined optimization problem, and controls the individual output power based on the individual target power value.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the centralized management device does not receive the higher-level target from the overall control device, it calculates the lower-level indicators based on consumer command values ​​for energy management of the consumer. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the present invention, the centralized control device corrects individual command values ​​based on the higher-level target received from the overall control device, and transmits lower-level targets based on the corrected individual command values ​​to the power conditioners. The centralized control device can make corrections in accordance with constraints in the consumer's contract. Therefore, the virtual power plant according to the present invention can prevent inconveniences caused by constraints in the consumer's contract.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a virtual power plant according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 10 is an example of a flowchart for explaining a lower-level indicator generation process performed by a centralized management device. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of a virtual power plant. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of a virtual power plant. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of a virtual power plant. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of a virtual power plant. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a virtual power plant according to a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0018] [First embodiment] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a virtual power plant C1 according to the first embodiment. The virtual power plant C1 includes an overall control device A and multiple consumers B. The overall control device A manages and controls the power at the receiving points of the multiple consumers B, so that the virtual power plant C1 functions as if it were a single power plant. For convenience of explanation, this embodiment will describe a case in which the overall control device A manages consumers B1, B2, and B3, but the number of consumers B managed by the overall control device A is not limited. In reality, the overall control device A manages a larger number of consumers B.

[0019] The overall control device A manages consumers B1, B2, and B3. The overall control device A communicates with each consumer B. The communication may be wireless or wired. The overall control device A receives the power at the receiving point from each consumer B, calculates the target value of the power at the receiving point for each consumer B based on the total power at the receiving point, and transmits the calculated target value to each consumer B. Each consumer B controls the power at the receiving point based on the received target value. In this embodiment, a common upper index pr is used as the target value of the power at the receiving point. The upper index pr is a value obtained by calculating the total power at the receiving point for each consumer B as an output command value P (described later). CThe information corresponds to the target value instructed to each consumer B. The overall control device A includes an output command value acquisition unit 11, a receiving unit 12, an index calculation unit 13, and a transmitting unit 14.

[0020] The output command value acquisition unit 11 receives an output command value P C The output command value acquisition unit 11 acquires the acquired output command value P C to the index calculation unit 13. The output command value acquisition unit 11 receives the output command value P C If no command is given, the output command value P C The output command value acquisition unit 11 does not output the output command value P C Instead of obtaining the suppression rate [%], obtain the output command value P C may be calculated.

[0021] The receiver 12 receives the power reception point powers P1, P2, and P3 from the consumers B1, B2, and B3, respectively. The receiver 12 outputs the received power reception point powers P1, P2, and P3 to the index calculator 13.

[0022] The index calculation unit 13 calculates the power receiving point powers P1, P2, and P3 received by the receiving unit 12 and the output command value P C The index calculation unit 13 calculates the upper index pr for the consumers B1, B2, and B3 based on the above. all Then, the index calculation unit 13 calculates the total power P all is input from the output command value acquisition unit 11. C The index calculation unit 13 calculates the upper index pr to set the gradient coefficient ε all , with time t, the Lagrange multiplier λ is calculated based on the following equation (1): all Calculate the Lagrange multiplier λ all In the following equation (1), the power receiving point power Pi and the output command value P Care values ​​that change over time t, so the power receiving point power is Pi(t) and the output command value is P C The index calculation unit 13 outputs the calculated higher-order index pr to the transmission unit 14. The index calculation unit 13 also receives the output command value P C If the output command value P C If no higher index pr is input, information indicating this may be output to the transmitting unit 14 as the higher index pr.

[0023]

number

[0024] The transmitter 14 transmits the higher-level index pr input from the index calculator 13 to the consumers B1, B2, and B3.

[0025] Consumers Bi (i=1, 2, 3) normally perform energy management within the consumer and control the power receiving point power Pi (i=1, 2, 3). When consumer Bi receives a higher-level indicator pr from the overall control device A, it controls the power receiving point power Pi based on the received higher-level indicator pr. Each consumer B is equipped with a centralized control device 2, a power conditioner 3, and a load 4. The number of power conditioners 3 and loads 4 equipped in each consumer B is not limited.

[0026] The centralized control device 2 monitors the power receiving point power Pi and generates a lower index pr' for controlling the power receiving point power Pi. The centralized control device 2 normally generates individual command values ​​Pi for energy management within the consumer. C Based on this, the power receiving point power Pi is set to the individual command value Pi CFurthermore, when an upper index pr is input from the overall control device A, the centralized control device 2 generates a lower index pr' based on the upper index pr. The centralized control device 2 includes a power receiving point power detection unit 21, an index calculation unit 22, a communication unit 23, a command value correction unit 24, a transmission unit 25, and a stopping unit 26.

[0027] The power receiving point power detection unit 21 detects the power receiving point power Pi at the power receiving point. The power receiving point power detection unit 21 outputs the detected power receiving point power Pi to the index calculation unit 22, the communication unit 23, and the stopping unit 26.

[0028] The index calculation unit 22 converts the power receiving point power Pi detected by the power receiving point power detection unit 21 into an individual command value Pi for energy management. C The index calculation unit 22 calculates a Lagrangian multiplier λ based on the following equation (2) using a gradient coefficient ε and time t, and sets the Lagrangian multiplier λ as the lower index pr'. In the following equation (2), the power receiving point power Pi and the individual command value Pi C are values ​​that change over time t, so the power receiving point power is Pi(t) and the output command value is Pi C The index calculation unit 22 outputs the calculated lower index pr′ to the transmission unit 25.

[0029]

number

[0030] The communication unit 23 communicates with the overall control device A. The communication unit 23 transmits the power receiving point power Pi detected by the power receiving point power detection unit 21 to the receiving unit 12 of the overall control device A. Furthermore, when the communication unit 23 receives the higher-order index pr transmitted by the transmitting unit 14 of the overall control device A, the communication unit 23 outputs the received higher-order index pr to the command value correcting unit 24.

[0031] The stopping unit 26 stops one of the power conditioners 3 or the load 4 when the power receiving point power Pi detected by the power receiving point power detection unit 21 suddenly changes. A sudden change in power demand or power supply may occur within consumer B. In this case, the power receiving point power Pi may temporarily exceed the contracted power or the UPR (RPR) may be activated. To prevent this, when the power receiving point power Pi suddenly changes, the stopping unit 26 stops one of the power conditioners 3 or the load 4, thereby suppressing changes in the power receiving point power Pi. The stopping unit 26 then cancels the stop of the power conditioner 3 or the load 4. Note that the power conditioner 3 and the load 4 may also be stopped by, for example, an external contact, in addition to when instructed by the stopping unit 26.

[0032] The command value corrector 24 calculates the upper index pr input from the communication unit 23 and the individual command value Pi for energy management. C From this, the individual command value Pi C2 Calculate the individual command value Pi C2 is the correction coefficient a, and Pi C2 =Pi C +a·pr. The command value corrector 24 calculates the calculated individual command value Pi C2 is corrected, and the corrected individual command value Pi C2 to the index calculation unit 22. The command value correction unit 24 outputs the calculated individual command value Pi C2 is set to the preset upper limit value Pi C2 _max or less and lower limit Pi C2 Correct to a value equal to or greater than _min. Upper limit Pi C2 The lower limit value Pi is set based on the contracted power, and is set to the power value of the contracted power or a power value slightly smaller than the contracted power. C2 _min is set based on the operating power of the UPR (RPR), and is set to a power value slightly greater than the operating power value of the UPR (RPR).

[0033] Furthermore, when the stopping unit 26 stops the power conditioner 3 or the load 4, the command value correcting unit 24 corrects the calculated individual command value Pi C2Specifically, the command value corrector 24 corrects the individual command value Pi calculated this time so as to suppress the change of Pi. C2 [k] and the previously calculated individual command value Pi C2 Difference from [k-1] ΔPi C2 (=Pi C2 [k]―Pi C2 Then, the command value corrector 24 calculates a multiplication value by multiplying the previously calculated individual command value Pi C2 [k-1] plus the multiplied value (Pi C2 [k-1]+α·ΔPi C2 ) is set as the corrected value. The coefficient α is a value in the range of 0<α<1, and in this embodiment, it is set to, for example, 1 / 4. As a result, the command value correcting unit 24 calculates the calculated individual command value Pi C2 The coefficient α can be corrected so as to suppress the amount of change to 1 / 4. The coefficient α is not limited, and is set appropriately based on the results of experiments or simulations. In this embodiment, the predetermined time is, for example, about 10 control cycles. The predetermined time is not limited, and is set appropriately based on the results of experiments or simulations.

[0034] When the command value correction unit 24 performs the above correction, the corrected value is set as the individual command value Pi C2 If the correction is not performed, the calculated individual command value Pi C2 The index calculation unit 22 outputs the individual command value Pi C2 When this is input, the power receiving point power detection unit 21 converts the detected power receiving point power Pi into an individual command value Pi C2 In this case, the index calculation unit 22 calculates a lower index pr' to make Pi C (t) to Pi C2 The Lagrangian multiplier λ is calculated based on the equation substituted for (t), and the Lagrangian multiplier λ is set as the lower index pr'.

[0035] The transmitter 25 transmits the lower index pr′ input from the index calculator 22 to each power conditioner 3. Communication between the transmitter 25 and each power conditioner 3 may be wireless communication or wired communication.

[0036] The centralized control device 2 receives the individual instruction value Pi for energy management while the communication unit 23 does not receive the higher-level indicator pr from the overall control device A. C While the upper index pr is being received, the command value corrector 24 calculates and corrects the individual command value Pi according to the received upper index pr using the lower index pr' calculated based on the C2 We use the sub-index pr' calculated based on the following:

[0037] 2 is an example of a flowchart for explaining the lower-level indicator generation process performed by the centralized management device 2. The lower-level indicator generation is executed at predetermined intervals.

[0038] First, it is determined whether or not the higher-level index pr has been received (S1). Specifically, it is determined whether or not the communication unit 23 has received the higher-level index pr from the overall control device A. If it has been received (S1: YES), the individual command value Pi C2 Specifically, the command value corrector 24 calculates the upper index pr and the individual command value Pi C From this, the individual command value Pi C2 Next, calculate the individual command value Pi C2 is the lower limit Pi C2 It is determined whether the individual command value Pi is smaller than _min (S3). C2 is the lower limit Pi C2 If it is smaller than _min (S3: YES), the individual command value Pi C2 is the lower limit Pi C2 The individual command value Pi is corrected to _min (S4), and the process proceeds to step S7. C2 is the lower limit Pi C2 If it is greater than or equal to min (S3: NO), the individual command value Pi C2 is the upper limit Pi C2 It is determined whether the individual command value Pi is greater than _max (S5). C2 is the upper limit PiC2 If it is greater than _max (S5: YES), the individual command value Pi C2 is the upper limit Pi C2 The individual command value Pi is corrected to _max (S6), and the process proceeds to step S7. C2 is the upper limit Pi C2 If it is less than _max (S5: NO), the individual command value Pi C2 is the lower limit Pi C2 _min or above upper limit Pi C2 Since it is less than _max, the individual command value Pi C2 The individual command value Pi is calculated as it is in Step S3 to Step S6. C2 But Pi C2 _min≦Pi C2 ≦Pi C2 It will be corrected to the _max range.

[0039] Next, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since the stopping unit 26 performed the stopping (S7). If the predetermined time has elapsed since the stopping (S7: YES), the individual command value Pi C2 On the other hand, if a predetermined time has passed since the stoppage or the stop unit 26 has not stopped the motor (S7: NO), the individual command value Pi C2 The correction by the process of step S7 is not performed. C2 Based on this, the lower index pr' is calculated by the index calculation unit 22 (S9), and the lower index pr' is transmitted to each power conditioner 3 (S10), and the process ends.

[0040] On the other hand, if the upper index pr is not received in step S1 (S1: NO), the individual command value Pi C Based on this, the lower-level indicator pr' is calculated by the indicator calculation unit 22 (S11), and the lower-level indicator pr' is transmitted to each power conditioner 3 (S10), and the process ends. Note that the lower-level indicator generation process performed by the centralized management device 2 is not limited to the one described above.

[0041] The power conditioner 3 includes an inverter circuit (not shown) and converts DC power to AC power. Some power conditioners 3 are connected to, for example, a solar cell or a fuel cell, and convert DC power to AC power for output. Other power conditioners 3 are connected to, for example, a storage battery, and charge and discharge the battery.

[0042] Each power conditioner 3 controls its output power based on a sub-indicator pr' (described later) received from the centralized management device 2. Specifically, each power conditioner 3 receives a common sub-indicator pr' from the centralized management device 2, and uses the received sub-indicator pr' to calculate an individual target power value, which is a target value for the individual output power of the power conditioner itself, based on a preset optimization problem. Then, each power conditioner 3 controls its individual output power based on the individual target power value.

[0043] Each load 4 consumes power. The loads 4 may include loads that are switched on and off based on the lower index pr' input from the centralized control device 2. In this case, the power consumption of the loads 4 is controlled by the centralized control device 2. The power consumed by each load 4 minus the individual output power output by each power conditioner 3 becomes the power receiving point power Pi.

[0044] Each power conditioner 3 autonomously controls the input / output power based on the common lower index pr' received from the centralized control device 2. As a result, when the centralized control device 2 does not receive the upper index pr, the power receiving point power Pi is set to the individual command value Pi C On the other hand, when the centralized control device 2 receives the upper index pr, the power receiving point power Pi is controlled to a power value corresponding to the upper index pr. In this case, each consumer Bi controls the power receiving point power Pi according to the upper index pr, and the total power P all is the output command value P C is controlled by.

[0045] 3 to 6 show the simulation results of the virtual power plant C1.

[0046] 3 shows a case where the virtual power plant C1 starts providing regulation power and increases the upper index pr output by the overall control device A. In FIG. 3(a) to (c), the solid lines with black circles indicate the individual command values ​​Pi C The solid lines with white circles represent the individual command values ​​Pi calculated and corrected by the command value correcting units 24 of the consumers B1 to B3. C2 The dashed lines represent the time changes of the individual command values ​​Pi set by the consumers B1 to B3. C2 Upper limit Pi C2 Figure 3(d) shows the total power P all The dashed line in Fig. 3(d) shows the time change of the output command value P C After time t0, the power consumption is set to 440 kW.

[0047] Until time t0, the overall control device A does not output the higher-level indicator pr, so each of the consumers B1 to B3 sets the power receiving point power Pi to the individual command value Pi C (100kW). This reduces the total power consumption by all From time t0, the overall control device A outputs the upper index pr, and the total power P all The output command value P C The upper index pr is increased to achieve the upper limit Pi (440 kW). C2 Since _max is 140kW, the individual command value Pi C2 has not risen any further. If the upper limit Pi C2 If _max is not set, the individual command value Pi C2 rises, there is a possibility that the power receiving point power P1 may exceed the contracted power of the customer B1.

[0048] On the other hand, consumers B2 and B3 have the upper limit Pi C2 Since _max is 160kW, there is a margin, so the individual command value Pi C2 As a result, consumers B2 and B3 provide extra adjustment power, and the total power P all is the output command value P C (440kW).

[0049] FIG. 4 shows a case where the virtual power plant C1 starts providing regulation power and reduces the upper index pr output by the overall control device A. In FIG. 4(a) to (c), the solid lines with black circles and the solid lines with white circles are the same as those in FIG. 3(a) to (c). The dashed lines represent the individual command values ​​Pi set by the consumers B1 to B3, respectively. C2 Lower limit Pi C2 Fig. 4(d) shows the total power P all The dashed line in Fig. 4(d) shows the time change of the output command value P C After time t0, the power consumption is set to 200 kW.

[0050] Until time t0, the overall control device A does not output the higher-level indicator pr, so each of the consumers B1 to B3 sets the power receiving point power Pi to the individual command value Pi C (100kW). This reduces the total power consumption by all From time t0, the overall control device A outputs the upper index pr, and the total power P all The output command value P C In order to achieve the target power consumption of 200 kW, the upper index pr is lowered. As shown in FIG. 4(a), the consumer B1 C2 Since _min is 80kW, the individual command value Pi C2 has not decreased any further. If the lower limit Pi C2 If _min is not set, the individual command value Pi C2 Since the power consumption of the customer B1 decreases, the UPR (RPR) of the customer B1 may be activated.

[0051] On the other hand, as shown in Figs. 4(b) and 4(c), consumers B2 and B3 have the lower limit Pi C2 Since _min is 60kW with some margin, the individual command value Pi C2 As a result, consumers B2 and B3 provide extra adjustment power, and the total power P all is the output command value P C (200kW).

[0052] 5 and 6 show a case where the stopping unit 26 of the centralized control device 2 of the consumer B1 stops the power conditioner 3 while the virtual power plant C1 is stably providing adjustment power. Fig. 6 shows a case where the command value corrector 24 makes a correction to suppress the change in the above-mentioned upper index pr. Fig. 5 shows a simulation result for comparison, in which the command value corrector 24 does not make a correction to suppress the change in the upper index pr.

[0053] 5(a) to 5(c), the solid lines with black dots represent the individual command values ​​Pi calculated and corrected by the command value correcting units 24 of the consumers B1 to B3, respectively. C2 The dashed lines with white circles indicate the time change of the power receiving point power Pi. The dashed lines indicate the time change of the individual command values ​​Pi set by the consumers B1 to B3. C2 Lower limit Pi C2 Fig. 5(d) shows the total power P all The dashed line in Fig. 5(d) shows the time change of the output command value P C The figure shows a power output of 300kW.

[0054] Until time t0, each of the consumers B1 to B3 controls the power receiving point power P1 to P3 in accordance with the received higher-order index pr. all is the output command value P CAt time t0, the output of the power conditioner 3 of the consumer B1 suddenly increases, and the stopping unit 26 of the centralized control device 2 stops the power conditioner 3, so that at time t1, the power receiving point power P1 increases. As a result, the total power P all is the output command value P C At time t2, the total power P all is the output command value P C The upper index pr is generated so that it matches the individual command value Pi C2 As a result, consumers B2 and B3 increase their share of the regulation power, reducing the power receiving points P2 and P3. After that, from time t3 onwards, consumer B1 also provides regulation power. As it takes time for the power receiving points P1 to P3 of each of consumers B1 to B3 to converge to the power target value, excessive control of the share of regulation power by feedback is performed, and the total power P all is the output command value P C does not match.

[0055] The solid lines with black circles, the dashed lines with white circles, and the dashed lines in Figures 6(a) to (c), and the solid lines and dashed lines with black circles in Figure 6(d) are the same as those in Figures 5(a) to (d), respectively.

[0056] The period from time t0 to time t1 is the same as that described in FIG. 5. At time t2, the total power P all is the output command value P C Since the upper index pr is generated so as to match the individual command value Pi C2 On the other hand, in the consumer B1, the command value corrector 24 reduces the individual command value Pi C2 By correcting the change in the individual command value Pi C2 The decrease in the total power P all is the output command value P CIt converges to.

[0057] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, when the stopping unit 26 stops the power conditioner 3, the command value correcting unit 24 corrects the individual command value Pi C2 By performing a correction to suppress the change in the amount of adjustment capability, the control of the share of adjustment capability becomes stable. Therefore, the virtual power plant C1 can perform stable adjustment of power supply and demand.

[0058] Next, the effects of the virtual power plant C1 according to this embodiment will be described.

[0059] According to this embodiment, the command value corrector 24 of the centralized control device 2 calculates the individual command values ​​Pi for energy management based on the higher-level index pr received from the overall control device A. C From this, the individual command value Pi C2 Calculate the individual command value Pi C2 is corrected, and the corrected individual command value Pi C2 to the index calculation unit 22. The command value correction unit 24 outputs the calculated individual command value Pi C2 The upper limit Pi set based on the contracted power C2 This makes it possible to prevent the power receiving point power Pi of the consumer Bi from exceeding the contracted power. C2 The lower limit Pi is set based on the operating power of the UPR (RPR). C2 This makes it possible to prevent the UPR (RPR) of the consumer Bi from operating. Furthermore, when the stopping unit 26 stops the power conditioner 3 or the load 4, the command value correcting unit 24 corrects the calculated individual command value Pi to a value equal to or greater than _min until a predetermined time has elapsed. C2 As a result, the consumer Bi performs a correction to suppress the change in the individual command value Pi compared to other consumers Bi. C2The change in the load of the power grid is suppressed, and the amount of adjustment capability is reduced. This stabilizes the control of the amount of adjustment capability. Therefore, the virtual power plant C1 can perform stable adjustment of power supply and demand. As described above, the virtual power plant C1 can prevent inconveniences caused by restrictions in the contract of the consumer Bi.

[0060] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the overall control device A transmits the common upper index pr calculated by the index calculation unit 13 to each consumer B, thereby calculating the total power P all The output command value P C The overall control device A only calculates and transmits the common upper index pr without knowing the status of each consumer B, so the burden of calculations and communications is small. The overall control device A does not need to be high performance, so the initial installation costs can be reduced. Furthermore, when adding or removing a consumer B, the overall control device A can be easily modified.

[0061] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, at each consumer B, the centralized control device 2 simply transmits a common lower-level indicator pr' to each power conditioner 3. The centralized control device 2 does not need to grasp the status of each power conditioner 3, so the burden of calculations and communications is small. The centralized control device 2 does not need to be high performance, so the initial installation cost can be reduced. Furthermore, even when a power conditioner 3 is added or removed, the centralized control device 2 can be easily modified.

[0062] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, while the centralized control device 2 does not receive the higher-level indicator pr from the overall control device A, the centralized control device 2 does not receive the individual instruction value Pi for energy management in the consumer B. C The centralized control device 2 transmits the lower index pr′ calculated by the index calculation unit 22 based on the upper index pr′ to each power conditioner 3. This allows the centralized control device 2 to perform energy management within consumer B while the centralized control device 2 is not receiving the upper index pr.

[0063] In this embodiment, the case where the overall control device A transmits a common upper index pr to each consumer Bi has been described, but this is not limited to this. The overall control device A may calculate a different upper index pri for each consumer Bi. In this case, for example, the index calculation unit 13 calculates the output command value P acquired by the output command value acquisition unit 11. C From the individual command value Pi for each consumer Bi C is set according to the capacity, the amount of power received, etc. The index calculation unit 13 calculates the individual command value Pi, which sets the power receiving point power Pi of each consumer Bi. C The transmission unit 14 transmits the higher-order indicators pri calculated by the indicator calculation unit 13 to the corresponding consumers Bi.

[0064] Second Embodiment Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a virtual power plant C2 according to the second embodiment. In Fig. 7, elements that are the same as or similar to those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment. In the virtual power plant C2 according to this embodiment, an overall control device A issues individual command values ​​Pi to each consumer B. C3 The storage battery system A1 differs from the storage battery system A1 according to the first embodiment in that the storage battery system A1 transmits the signal.

[0065] The overall control device A according to this embodiment includes an individual command value setting unit 15 instead of the index calculation unit 13. The individual command value setting unit 15 calculates the output command value P acquired by the output command value acquisition unit 11. C From the individual command value Pi for each consumer Bi C3 The transmitting unit 14 sets the individual command value Pi set by the individual command value setting unit 15 according to the capacity, the amount of received power, etc. C3 is transmitted to the corresponding consumer Bi.

[0066] The command value correcting unit 24 of the centralized control device 2 of each customer B according to this embodiment corrects the individual command value Pi C3 and the individual command value Pi for energy management C From this, the individual command value Pi C2Calculate the individual command value Pi C2 Pi C2 =Pi C +Pi C3 The command value corrector 24 calculates the individual command value Pi C2 is corrected, and the corrected individual command value Pi C2 to the index calculation unit 22. The correction performed by the command value correction unit 24 is similar to that of the command value correction unit 24 according to the first embodiment.

[0067] According to this embodiment, the command value corrector 24 of the centralized control device 2 corrects the individual command values ​​Pi received from the overall control device A. C3 and the individual command value Pi for energy management C From this, the individual command value Pi C2 Calculate the individual command value Pi C2 is corrected, and the corrected individual command value Pi C2 to the index calculation unit 22. The command value correction unit 24 performs the same correction as the command value correction unit 24 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, the virtual power plant C2 can prevent inconveniences caused by restrictions in the contract of the consumer B. Also, in this embodiment, the centralized control device 2 in each consumer B simply transmits a common sub-indicator pr' to each power conditioner 3. Therefore, the initial installation cost of the centralized control device 2 can be reduced, and even when a power conditioner 3 is added or removed, the centralized control device 2 can be easily modified. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the centralized control device 2 receives the individual command values ​​Pi from the overall control device A. C3 While not receiving the individual command value Pi for energy management in consumer B, C The centralized control device 2 then transmits the lower-order indicator pr′ calculated by the indicator calculation unit 22 based on the individual command value Pi C3 While the customer B is not receiving the signal, the customer B can perform energy management.

[0068] In the present embodiment, the centralized control device 2 calculates the lower index pr′ and transmits it to each power conditioner 3, but this is not limiting. C2 , or individual command value Pi for energy management in consumer B C Then, a command value may be set for each power conditioner 3, and the command value may be transmitted to the corresponding power conditioner 3. In this case, each power conditioner 3 controls its individual output power based on the received command value.

[0069] The virtual power plant according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the specific configuration of each part of the virtual power plant according to the present invention can be freely designed and modified in various ways. [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] C: Virtual power plant, A: Overall control device, B, B1, B2, B3: Consumers, 2: Centralized control device, 24: Command value correction unit, 25: Transmission unit, 26: Stop unit, 3: Power conditioner, 4: Load

Claims

1. A virtual power plant including a plurality of consumers and an overall control device that manages the plurality of consumers, Each of the consumers includes a load connected to the power grid via a power receiving point, a power conditioner connected to the load, and a centralized management device that manages the power conditioner; The centralized control device a correction unit that corrects individual command values ​​based on a higher-level target received from the overall control device; a setting unit that sets a sub-target based on the corrected individual command value; a transmitter that transmits the sub-targets to the power conditioner; Equipped with Further provided is a stopping unit that stops the power conditioner or the load, The correction unit corrects the individual command value so as to suppress a change in the individual command value until a predetermined time has elapsed since the stopping unit stopped the power conditioner or the load. Virtual Power Plant.

2. the correction unit corrects the individual command value to a value obtained by adding to the previous individual command value a value obtained by multiplying a difference between the individual command value and a previous individual command value based on a previously received higher-level target by a coefficient, thereby suppressing a change in the individual command value. The virtual power plant of claim 1 .

3. the correction unit corrects the individual command value to a value equal to or less than an upper limit value or equal to or more than a lower limit value. The virtual power plant according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The overall control device includes: calculating a common upper index for setting a total power obtained by adding up the power at each receiving point of the plurality of consumers as a total output command value as the upper target to be transmitted to each of the consumers; the setting unit calculates a lower-level indicator for adjusting the power at the power receiving point of the consumer to the corrected individual command value, and sets the lower-level indicator as the lower-level target; The power conditioner calculates an individual target power value, which is a target value of an individual output power of the power conditioner itself, based on a preset optimization problem using the received sub-goal, and controls the individual output power based on the individual target power value.

4. The virtual power plant according to claim 1.

5. The centralized control device When the higher-level target is not received from the overall control device, the lower-level indicator is calculated based on a consumer command value for energy management of the consumer. The virtual power plant of claim 4.

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