Power Management System

Abstract

To improve tracking performance of required power adjustment when an electric vehicle in a system stop state participates in the power adjustment.SOLUTION: When there is a request for power adjustment (for example, discharge of 9 kW), a power management system allocates an instruction amount (3 kW) to electric vehicles 10 (A to C) participating in the power adjustment. When a charging / discharging system of the electric vehicle 10 of A is stopped, the power management system allocates an instruction amount of A to other electric vehicles 10 (B, C), and sets the instruction amount of B and C to 4.5 kW. When activation of the system of A is completed at time t1, the power management system allocates the instruction amount (3 kW) to each of the electric vehicles 10 (A to C), and the instruction amount of A to C is restored.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a power management system. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2022-113460 (Patent Document 1) discloses a power adjustment device for a virtual power plant (VPP) that uses electric vehicles as an energy resource. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-113460 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Since electric vehicles repeatedly connect and disconnect to charging and discharging equipment as they travel, they often start up the charging and discharging system from a stopped state (system stopped state) to participate in power adjustment. Because charging and discharging cannot be performed from the electric vehicle until startup is complete from the system stopped state, frequent startup from the system stopped state can cause a problem of poor compliance with the required power adjustment.

[0005] An object of the present disclosure is to improve the followability of the required power adjustment when an electric vehicle in a system-stopped state participates in the power adjustment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The power management system disclosed herein is a power management system that uses electric vehicles as power adjustment resources and includes a charge / discharge instruction means for instructing charging and discharging of the electric vehicles. The charge / discharge instruction means assigns an instruction amount, which is a charge amount or a discharge amount, to each electric vehicle participating in power adjustment. If the electric vehicles participating in power adjustment include an electric vehicle whose charging / discharging system is stopped, the charge / discharge instruction means allocates the instruction amount assigned to the electric vehicle whose system is stopped to the other electric vehicles, and assigns a predetermined amount that is smaller than the instruction amount to the electric vehicle whose system is stopped. When startup of the charging / discharging system of the electric vehicle whose system is stopped is completed, the charge / discharge instruction means assigns the instruction amount to the electric vehicles participating in power adjustment.

[0007] According to this configuration, the charge / discharge instruction means assigns an instruction amount, which is a charge amount or a discharge amount, to each electric vehicle participating in the power adjustment, and if there is an electric vehicle whose charging / discharging system is stopped among the electric vehicles participating in the power adjustment, the instruction amount assigned to the electric vehicle whose system is stopped is allocated to the other electric vehicles, and a predetermined amount that is a smaller value than the instruction amount is allocated to the electric vehicle whose system is stopped. An electric vehicle whose system is stopped cannot charge or discharge until system startup is complete, but the instruction amount of an electric vehicle that cannot be charged or discharged (an electric vehicle whose system startup has not been completed) is allocated to the other electric vehicles (electric vehicles whose charging / discharging system startup has been completed and which can be charged or discharged). Therefore, power adjustment can be performed by supplementing the instruction amount of the electric vehicle whose system startup has not been completed, and followability to the requested power adjustment can be improved.

[0008] The charge / discharge instruction means assigns an instruction amount to the electric vehicles participating in the power adjustment when startup of the charge / discharge system for the electric vehicles for which the system is stopped is completed. When startup of the charge / discharge system for the electric vehicles for which the system is stopped is completed and all electric vehicles participating in the power adjustment are able to charge / discharge, an instruction amount is assigned to each electric vehicle, allowing desired power adjustment to be performed. Furthermore, because a predetermined amount that is smaller than the instruction amount is assigned to the electric vehicles for which the system is stopped before startup is completed (while the system is stopped), overshoot in power adjustment due to delays in switching the instruction amount and control responsiveness can be suppressed when startup of the charge / discharge system is completed, compared to when instruction amounts are assigned (when the instruction amount is maintained). [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present disclosure, when an electric vehicle in a system-stopped state participates in power adjustment, it is possible to improve the followability of the required power adjustment. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram showing a schematic overall configuration of a power management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a power adjustment process executed by a server. [Figure 3] 4 is a time chart illustrating power adjustment according to the present embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals and their description will not be repeated.

[0012] 1 is a diagram showing a schematic overall configuration of a power management system according to the present embodiment. Referring to Fig. 1, power management system 1 includes a power system PG, a plurality of electrically powered vehicles 10, a server 100, and a server 200.

[0013] The power system PG is a power network constructed by power plants and power transmission and distribution facilities (not shown), and is maintained and managed by a power company. The power company corresponds to the administrator of the power system PG. The server 100 is managed by an aggregation coordinator, and distributes power adjustment amounts to resource aggregators in response to requests from the power company.

[0014] The server 200 is a computer that manages multiple electric vehicles 10 and is managed by a resource aggregator. The server 200 corresponds to an example of a "charge / discharge instruction means" in the present disclosure. Each of the multiple electric vehicles 10 is, for example, an electric vehicle (BEV) and includes a power storage device 11. Each electric vehicle 10 is used as a power adjustment resource and is configured to be capable of external charging and external discharging. External charging refers to receiving a supply of power from outside the electric vehicle 10 to charge the power storage device 11 of the electric vehicle 10. External discharging refers to supplying power to an external device of the electric vehicle 10 using power discharged from the power storage device 11 of the electric vehicle 10. In this embodiment, each electric vehicle 10 included in the power management system 1 has the same configuration. However, the power management system 1 may include multiple types of vehicles with different configurations. The power management system 1 may include at least one of a personally owned vehicle (POV) and a vehicle managed by a MaaS (Mobility as a Service) operator (MaaS vehicle).

[0015] Each charging / discharging equipment 20 is installed on the premises of a house or various facilities. The charging / discharging equipment may be, for example, a V2H device. Each charging / discharging equipment 20 charges an electricity storage device 11 with power supplied from a power grid PG, and supplies (discharges) the power stored in the electricity storage device 11 to an electrical load in the house or each facility. Each charging / discharging equipment 20 is also capable of supplying (reverse power flow) the power stored in the electricity storage device 11 to the power grid PG. When a charging cable connected to the charging / discharging equipment 20 is connected to an inlet of the electric vehicle 10, it becomes possible to exchange power between the charging / discharging equipment 20 and the electric vehicle 10.

[0016] Server 200 includes a control device 210, a storage device 220, and a communication device 230, and is configured to be able to communicate with server 100 and each electric vehicle 10 via network NW. Server 200 creates a charge / discharge plan for each electric vehicle 10 based on the power adjustment amount distributed from server 100, and issues charge / discharge instructions to each electric vehicle 10 based on the charge / discharge plan. Each electric vehicle 10 charges / discharges in cooperation with charging / discharging facility 20 based on the charge / discharge instructions from server 200.

[0017] 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the power adjustment process executed by the server 200. This flowchart shows the process executed after the power adjustment amount is distributed from the server 100 and a charge / discharge plan for each electric vehicle 10 is created.

[0018] When the server 200 receives the power adjustment amount from the server 100, it solicits electric vehicles 10 that can participate in the power adjustment along with information such as the type of power adjustment (charging or discharging (power supply)), the time of power adjustment, and the amount of power to be adjusted. The server 200 determines whether power adjustment is possible using the power adjustment amount distributed from the server 100, based on the state of the power storage device 11 of each electric vehicle 10 that has expressed its intention to participate in the power adjustment. If power adjustment is possible, the server 200 responds to the server 100 that it will perform power adjustment, creates a charge / discharge plan, and instructs each electric vehicle 10 that will participate in the power adjustment to connect the electric vehicle 10 to the charging / discharging equipment 20 at the power adjustment time.

[0019] Referring to FIG. 2, a charge / discharge plan is created, and when the time for power adjustment arrives, the server 200, in step (hereinafter, step will be abbreviated as "S") 10, assigns an instruction amount, which is the charge amount or discharge amount of the power storage device 11, to each of the electric vehicles 10 participating in the power adjustment.

[0020] In the next S11, it is determined whether or not there is any electric vehicle 10 whose charge / discharge system is stopped among the electric vehicles 10 participating in the power adjustment. For example, in S10, when an instruction amount is assigned to each electric vehicle 10, if the charge / discharge control ECU (Electronic Control Unit) (e.g., battery ECU) of the electric vehicle 10 is not activated (is in a sleep state), it may be determined that the charge / discharge system is stopped. If there is no electric vehicle 10 whose charge / discharge system is stopped (system stopped), a negative determination is made and the process proceeds to S12, and if there is an electric vehicle 10 whose system is stopped, a positive determination is made and the process proceeds to S13.

[0021] In S12, a charge / discharge command is issued to each electric vehicle 10 so that the charge / discharge is performed at the command amount assigned in S10, and this routine ends.

[0022] In S13, the instruction amount of the electric vehicle 10 for which the system is stopped is allocated to the other electric vehicles 10 (electric vehicles 10 for which the system is not stopped). In this embodiment, the sum of the instruction amounts of the electric vehicles 10 for which the system is stopped is evenly distributed to the other electric vehicles 10. For example, when the sum of the instruction amounts of the electric vehicles 10 for which the system is stopped is S and the number of other electric vehicles 10 is T, allocation is performed by adding S / T to the instruction amounts of the other electric vehicles 10.

[0023] In S14, the command amount for the electric vehicle 10 while the system is stopped is set to a predetermined amount α. The predetermined amount α may be, for example, a value equal to or less than 1 / 10 of the command amount. Furthermore, the predetermined value α may be a charge amount approximately equal to the magnitude of the standby power of the charge / discharge system, regardless of whether the type of power adjustment is charging or discharging.

[0024] In the next step S15, an instruction to charge or discharge is issued to each electric vehicle 10. In response to this instruction, the electric vehicle 10 whose system is stopped is controlled to start up the charge / discharge system and charge or discharge at a predetermined amount α. The other electric vehicles 10 (electric vehicles 10 whose system is not stopped) are controlled to charge or discharge at a value obtained by adding the allocated value (S / T) to the instruction amount.

[0025] In S16, it is determined whether a predetermined time has elapsed since the charge / discharge command was issued in S15. If the predetermined time has not elapsed since the charge / discharge command was issued, a negative determination is made and the process proceeds to S17. If the predetermined time has elapsed since the charge / discharge command was issued, a positive determination is made and the process proceeds to S18.

[0026] In S17, it is determined whether the start-up of the stopped charging / discharging system has been completed. If the start-up of the system has been completed for all the stopped electric vehicles 10, a positive determination is made and the process proceeds to S19. If the start-up of the system has not been completed for all the electric vehicles 10, a negative determination is made and the process returns to S16.

[0027] In S18, the charge / discharge instruction to the electrically powered vehicle 10 whose system is not activated is stopped. As a result, the electrically powered vehicle 10 whose system is not activated is excluded from the target of power adjustment. In addition, the instruction amount for the electrically powered vehicle 10 whose system is activated is restored to the instruction amount assigned in S10, and this routine ends.

[0028] In S19, the instruction amounts for all electric vehicles 10 participating in the power adjustment (electric vehicles 10 whose systems are activated) are restored to the instruction amounts assigned in S10, and this routine ends.

[0029] FIG. 3 is a time chart illustrating power adjustment according to this embodiment. FIG. 3 illustrates an example in which a discharge request of 9 kW is made and three electric vehicles 10, A, B, and C, participate in the power adjustment. In S10, the command amount allocated to each electric vehicle 10 is 3 kW. If the charging / discharging system of electric vehicle 10 A is stopped, in S13, a discharge amount of 1.5 kW is allocated to B and C, and the command amounts for B and C become 4.5 kW. In addition, in S14, the command amount for A becomes 0.3 kW. As a result, from time t0 when power adjustment starts to time t1 when startup of system A is completed, the discharge amount of the group of vehicles A to C becomes 9 kW, as shown by the solid line. When startup of system A is completed at time t1, the command amounts for A to C become 3 kW in S19, and the discharge amount of the group of vehicles A to C becomes 9 kW, as shown by the solid line. In S13, if no allocation of the command amount is performed (when the command amount for A to C is 3 kW), the discharge amount of the vehicle group between times t0 and t1 is 6 kW, as shown by the dashed double-dashed line. However, in this embodiment, 9 kW is discharged even between times t1 and t1, improving the responsiveness of the required power adjustment.

[0030] If the command amount for A is not changed to 0.3 kW but maintained at 3 kW in S14, when the startup of A's system is completed (time t1), there is a possibility that the discharge amount of the vehicle group may temporarily overshoot to 12 kW as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 3 due to delays in switching the command amount and control responsiveness. However, in this embodiment, the overshoot is limited to 9.3 kW as shown by the solid line, and the overshoot can be suppressed. If the predetermined amount α is set in S14 to a charge amount approximately equal to the standby power of the charge / discharge system of A's electric vehicle 10 (for example, charging at 0.1 kW), the standby power of the charge / discharge system can be secured by the charge power. Furthermore, the predetermined amount α may be "0." Note that while FIG. 3 illustrates the case where the power adjustment is a discharge request, in the case of a charge request, the command amount for each electric vehicle 10 becomes the charge amount.

[0031] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered to be illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, not by the description of the above embodiments, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0032] 1 Power management system, 10 Vehicle, 11 Energy storage device, 20 Charging and discharging equipment, 100,200 Server, NE network, PG power system.

Claims

[Claim 1] A power management system that uses an electric vehicle as a power adjustment resource, a charge / discharge instruction means for instructing the electric vehicle to be charged or discharged, The charge / discharge instruction means assigning an instruction amount, which is a charge amount or a discharge amount, to each of the electric vehicles participating in the power adjustment; When the electric vehicles participating in the power adjustment include an electric vehicle whose charging / discharging system is stopped, allocating the instruction amount allocated to the electric vehicle during system shutdown to another electric vehicle; allocating a predetermined amount, which is a value smaller than the instruction amount, to the electric vehicle while the system is stopped; When the start-up of the charging / discharging system of the electric vehicle that is currently stopped is completed, and a power management system that allocates the instruction amount to the electric vehicles that participate in the power adjustment.

Images