Techniques and apparatus for sub-physical resource block resource allocation for machine-type communications

Abstract

Techniques and apparatus are provided for sub-physical resource block resource allocation for machine type communications. A method, user equipment, apparatus, and computer program product are provided for wireless communications. The apparatus may receive a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one physical resource block (PRB), the grant identifying the particular PRB in which the uplink resource allocation falls and at least a group of subcarriers allocated for the apparatus; and transmit uplink data using the uplink resource allocation. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to techniques and apparatus for sub-physical resource block (PRB) resource allocation for machine-type communications (MTC). Certain techniques and apparatus described herein enable and provide wireless communication devices and systems configured for improved efficiency of resource allocation. [Background technology]

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may use multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of extensions to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0003] A wireless communication network may include several base stations (BSs) that can support communication for several user equipments (UEs). The UEs may communicate with the BSs via a downlink and an uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the BS. As described in more detail below, a BS may also be referred to as a Node B, gNB, access point (AP), radio head, transmit receive point (TRP), new radio (NR) BS, 5G Node B, etc.

[0004] The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on city-, national-, regional-, and even global-scales. New Radio (NR), sometimes referred to as 5G, is a set of extensions to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, reducing costs, improving service, utilizing new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards that use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), CP-OFDM and / or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as Discrete Fourier Transform spread ODFM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), and supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. However, as demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, further improvements in LTE and NR technologies are needed. Preferably, these improvements should be applicable to other multiple access technologies and the telecommunications standards that use these technologies. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The following summarizes some aspects of the present disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of the discussed technology. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of the present disclosure, and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects of the present disclosure or to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the present disclosure. The sole purpose of this summary is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the present disclosure in outline form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0006] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, apparatus, and computer program product are provided.

[0007] In some aspects, the method may include receiving, by the UE, a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for less than one PRB, where the grant identifies a particular PRB in which the uplink resource allocation is included and at least a group of subcarriers allocated for the UE; and / or transmitting, by the UE, uplink data using the uplink resource allocation.

[0008] In some aspects, an apparatus may include a memory and at least one processor operably coupled to the memory. The memory and the at least one processor may be configured to: receive a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for less than one PRB, the grant identifying a particular PRB in which the uplink resource allocation is included and at least a group of subcarriers allocated for the apparatus; and / or transmit uplink data using the uplink resource allocation.

[0009] In some aspects, the apparatus may include means for receiving a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for less than one PRB, where the grant identifies a particular PRB in which the uplink resource allocation is included and at least a group of subcarriers allocated for the apparatus, and / or means for transmitting uplink data using the uplink resource allocation.

[0010] In some aspects, a computer program product may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable code stored thereon, the code may include code for receiving a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for less than one PRB, the grant identifying a particular PRB in which the uplink resource allocation is included and at least a group of subcarriers allocated for the UE, and / or code for transmitting uplink data using the uplink resource allocation.

[0011] In some aspects, the method may include receiving, by the UE, a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for fewer than one PRB, the grant identifying a number of subframes or resource units to which a transport block associated with the uplink resource allocation should be mapped, and / or determining, by the UE, a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on the number of subframes or resource units.

[0012] In some aspects, an apparatus may include a memory and at least one processor operatively coupled to the memory. The memory and the at least one processor may be configured to: receive a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB, the grant identifying a number of subframes or resource units to which a transport block associated with the uplink resource allocation should be mapped; and / or determine a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on the number of subframes or resource units.

[0013] In some aspects, the apparatus may include means for receiving a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for less than one PRB, where the grant identifies a number of subframes or resource units to which a transport block associated with the uplink resource allocation should be mapped, and / or means for determining a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on the number of subframes or resource units.

[0014] In some aspects, a computer program product may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable code stored thereon. The code may include code for receiving a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB, the grant identifying a number of subframes or resource units to which a transport block associated with the uplink resource allocation should be mapped, and / or code for determining a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on the number of subframes or resource units.

[0015] In some aspects, the method may include receiving, by the UE, a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for the less than one PRB, and / or performing, by the UE, a retuning operation based at least in part on the grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for the less than one PRB.

[0016] In some aspects, an apparatus may include a memory and at least one processor operably coupled to the memory. The memory and the at least one processor may be configured to receive a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB and / or to perform a retuning operation based at least in part on the grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB.

[0017] In some aspects, the apparatus may include means for receiving a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for the less than one PRB and / or means for performing a retuning operation based at least in part on the grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for the less than one PRB.

[0018] In some aspects, a computer program product may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable code stored thereon, the code may include code for receiving a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for the less than one PRB and / or code for performing a retuning operation based at least in part on the grant identifying an uplink resource allocation for the less than one PRB.

[0019] Aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, wireless communication devices, and processing systems as fully described herein with reference to and illustrated by the accompanying drawings and this specification.

[0020] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the present disclosure in order that the following detailed description may be better understood. Additional features and advantages are described below. The concepts and examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The properties of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication network. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a base station in communication with user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a frame structure in a wireless communication network. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of allocating sub-PRB resource allocations for MTC UEs. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of frequency hopping for sub-PRB resource allocation for MTC UEs. [Figure 6] 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 7] 10 is another flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 8] 10 is another flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flow between different modules / means / components within an exemplary apparatus. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus employing a processing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] The detailed description set forth below with reference to the accompanying drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of enabling a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0023] Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0024] As an example, an element, any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented using a “processing system” including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Software shall be interpreted broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0025] Thus, in one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), compact disc ROM (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0026] An access point ("AP") may include, be implemented as, or be referred to as a Node B, radio network controller ("RNC"), eNodeB (eNB), base station controller ("BSC"), base transceiver station ("BTS"), base station ("BS"), transceiver function ("TF"), wireless router, wireless transceiver, basic service set ("BSS"), enhanced service set ("ESS"), radio base station ("RBS"), Node B (NB), gNB, 5G NB, NR BS, transmit receiving point (TRP), or some other terminology.

[0027] An access terminal ("AT") may include, be implemented as, or be referred to as an access terminal, subscriber station, subscriber unit, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, user terminal, user agent, user device, user equipment (UE), user station, wireless node, or some other terminology. In some implementations, an access terminal may comprise a cellular phone, a smartphone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol ("SIP") phone, a wireless local loop ("WLL") station, a personal digital assistant ("PDA"), a tablet, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a handheld device with wireless connectivity, a station ("STA"), or some other suitable processing device connected to a wireless modem. Accordingly, one or more aspects taught herein may be incorporated into a telephone (e.g., cellular phone, smartphone), a computer (e.g., desktop), a portable communication device, a portable computing device (e.g., laptop, personal digital assistant, tablet, netbook, smartbook, ultrabook), a wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, smart glasses, smart bracelet, smart wristband, smart ring, smart clothing, etc.), a medical device or equipment, a biometric sensor / device, an entertainment device (e.g., music device, video device, satellite radio, gaming device, etc.), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. In some aspects, the node is a wireless node. A wireless node may, for example, provide connectivity for or to a network (e.g., the Internet or a wide area network such as a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link.

[0028] Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, which may include remote devices that may communicate with a base station, another remote device, or some other entity. Machine-type communication (MTC) may refer to communication involving at least one remote device on at least one end of the communication and may include a form of data communication with one or more entities that does not necessarily require human interaction. MTC UEs may include UEs capable of MTC communication with an MTC server and / or other MTC devices, for example, via a public land mobile network (PLMN). Examples of MTC devices include sensors, meters, location tags, monitors, drones, robots / robotic devices, etc. In some aspects, MTC devices may be referred to as enhanced MTC (eMTC) devices, LTE Category M1 (LTE-M) devices, machine-to-machine (M2M) devices, etc. Additionally or alternatively, some UEs may be narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) devices.

[0029] It should be noted that although aspects may be described herein using terminology generally associated with 3G and / or 4G wireless technology, aspects of the present disclosure may also be applied in other generation-based communication systems, such as 5G and beyond, including NR technology.

[0030] While aspects and embodiments are described in this application by way of illustration for some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that additional implementations and use cases may arise in many different configurations and scenarios. The innovations described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging configurations. For example, embodiments and / or applications may arise via integrated chip embodiments and / or other non-modular component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communications devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence-enabled devices, etc.). Some examples may or may not be directed to a particular use case or application, but may result in a wide variety of applicability of the described innovations. Implementations may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and even to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer devices or systems incorporating one or more aspects of the described innovations. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may necessarily include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described embodiments. For example, transmitting and receiving wireless signals necessarily involves several analog and digital components (e.g., hardware components including one or more antennas, radio frequency chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.) It is contemplated that the innovations described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed configurations, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0031] 1 is a diagram illustrating a network 100 in which aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced. Network 100 may be an LTE network or some other wireless network, such as a 5G or NR network. Wireless network 100 may include several BSs 110 (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 110d) and other network entities. A BS is an entity that communicates with user equipment (UE) and may also be referred to as a base station, NR BS, Node B, gNB, 5G NB, access point, TRP, etc. Each BS may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to the coverage area of ​​a BS and / or a BS subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.

[0032] A BS may provide communication coverage for a macrocell, a picocell, a femtocell, and / or other types of cell. A macrocell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a few kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions. A picocell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions. A femtocell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs that have an association with the femtocell (e.g., UEs in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). A BS for a macrocell may be referred to as a macro BS. A BS for a picocell may be referred to as a pico BS. A BS for a femtocell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS. 1, BS 110a may be a macro BS for macro cell 102a, BS 110b may be a pico BS for pico cell 102b, and BS 110c may be a femto BS for femto cell 102c. A BS may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB,” “base station,” “NR BS,” “gNB,” “TRP,” “AP,” “Node B,” “5G NB,” and “cell” may be used interchangeably.

[0033] In some examples, the cells may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​the cells may move according to the location of the mobile BS. In some examples, the BSs may be interconnected to each other within the access network 100 and / or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) through various types of backhaul interfaces, such as direct physical connections, virtual networks, etc., using any suitable transport network.

[0034] Wireless network 100 may also include relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive a data transmission from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send the data transmission to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be a UE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown in FIG. 1, relay station 110d may communicate with macro BS 110a and UE 120d to facilitate communication between BS 110a and UE 120d. A relay station may also be called a relay BS, a relay base station, a relay, etc.

[0035] Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network including different types of BSs, e.g., macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, etc. These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different susceptibility to interference in wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5-40 watts), while pico BSs, femto BSs, and relay BSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1-2 watts).

[0036] Network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and provide coordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 may communicate with the BSs via a backhaul. The BSs may also communicate with each other directly or indirectly, for example, via wireless or wireline backhaul.

[0037] The UEs 120 (e.g., 120a, 120b, 120c) may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE may be fixed or mobile. A UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, terminal, mobile station, subscriber unit, station, etc. A UE may be a mobile phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device or equipment, a biometric sensor / device, a wearable device (such as a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet, etc.)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, satellite radio, etc.), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate over a wireless or wired medium. Some UEs may be considered evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs and eMTC UEs include, for example, remote devices such as robots, drones, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc. that may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. A wireless node may provide connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network), for example, via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Some UEs may be considered customer premises equipment (CPE).

[0038] In Figure 1, a solid line with double arrows indicates a desired transmission between a UE and a serving BS, where the serving BS is a BS designated to serve the UE on the downlink and / or uplink, and a dashed line with double arrows indicates a potentially interfering transmission between the UE and the BS.

[0039] In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular RAT and may operate at one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. A frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0040] In some examples, access to the air interface may be scheduled, and a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) allocates resources for communication among some or all devices and equipment within its coverage area or cell. As discussed further below within this disclosure, the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, allocating, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communication, the subordinate entities utilize resources allocated by the scheduling entity.

[0041] A base station is not the only entity that may function as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE may function as a scheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more subordinate entities (e.g., one or more other UEs). In this example, the UE is functioning as the scheduling entity, and the other UEs utilize the resources scheduled by the UE for wireless communication. A UE may function as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and / or in a mesh network. In a mesh network example, UEs may optionally communicate directly with each other in addition to communicating with the scheduling entity.

[0042] Thus, in wireless communication networks with scheduled access to time-frequency resources and having cellular, P2P, and mesh configurations, a scheduling entity and one or more subordinate entities may communicate utilizing the scheduled resources.

[0043] As noted above, Figure 1 is provided as an example only. Other examples are possible and may differ from those described with respect to Figure 1.

[0044] 2 shows a block diagram 200 of a design of BS 110, which may be one of the base stations in FIG. 1, and UE 120, which may be one of the UEs in FIG. 1. BS 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t, and UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T≧1 and R≧1.

[0045] At BS 110, transmit processor 220 may receive data for one or more UEs from data source 212, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for each UE based at least in part on a channel quality indicator (CQI) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS selected for the UE, and provide data symbols to all UEs. Transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI), etc.) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc.) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRSs)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSSs) and secondary synchronization signals (SSSs)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​the data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The T downlink signals from modulators 232a through 232t may be transmitted via T antennas 234a through 234t, respectively. According to certain aspects described in more detail herein below, synchronization signals can be generated by position coding to convey additional information.

[0046] At UE 120, antennas 252a through 252r may receive downlink signals from BS 110 and / or other base stations and may provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) its respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive (RX) processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols and provide decoded data for UE 120 to a data sink 260 and decoded control and system information to controller / processor 280. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power or RSRP, a received signal strength indicator or RSSI, a reference signal received quality or RSRQ, a channel quality indicator or CQI, and the like.

[0047] On the uplink, at UE 120, transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports comprising RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.) from controller / processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from transmit processor 264 may be precoded by TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to BS 110. At BS 110, uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234, processed by demodulator 232, detected by MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The BS 110 may include a communication unit 244 and communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292.

[0048] Controllers / processors 240 and 280 and / or any other components in FIG. 2 may direct operation at BS 110 and UE 120, respectively, to perform sub-PRB resource allocation for MTC. For example, controller / processor 280 and / or other processors and modules at BS 110 may perform or direct operation at UE 120 to perform sub-PRB resource allocation for MTC. For example, controller / processor 280 and / or other controllers / processors and modules at BS 110 may perform or direct operation of, for example, method 600 of FIG. 6, method 700 of FIG. 7, method 800 of FIG. 8, and / or other processes described herein. In some aspects, one or more of the components shown in FIG. 2 may be used to perform example method 600 of FIG. 6, example method 700 of FIG. 7, example method 800 of FIG. 8, and / or other processes for the techniques described herein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for BS 110 and UE 120, respectively. A scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0049] As noted above, Figure 2 is provided as an example only. Other examples are possible and may differ from what is described with respect to Figure 2.

[0050] FIG. 3 shows an example frame structure 300 for frequency division multiplexing (FDD) in a telecommunications system (e.g., LTE). A transmission timeline for each of the downlink and uplink may be partitioned into units of radio frames. Each radio frame may have a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)) and may be partitioned into 10 subframes with indices 0 through 9. Each subframe may include two slots. Each radio frame may thus include 20 slots with indices 0 through 19. Each slot may include L symbol periods, e.g., 7 symbol periods for a normal cyclic prefix or 6 symbol periods for an extended cyclic prefix (as shown in FIG. 3). The 2L symbol periods in each subframe may be assigned indices 0 through 2L−1.

[0051] Although some techniques are described herein with respect to frames, subframes, slots, etc., these techniques may likewise apply to other types of wireless communication structures, which may be referred to by terms other than "frame," "subframe," "slot," etc. in NR. In some aspects, a wireless communication structure may refer to a periodic, time-bounded communication unit defined by a wireless communication standard and / or protocol.

[0052] In certain telecommunications (e.g., LTE), a BS may transmit a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) on the downlink at the center of the system bandwidth for each cell supported by the BS. The PSS and SSS may be transmitted in symbol periods 6 and 5, respectively, in subframes 0 and 5 of each radio frame with a normal cyclic prefix, as shown in Figure 3. The PSS and SSS may be used by a UE for cell search and cell acquisition. The BS may also transmit a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) across the system bandwidth for each cell supported by the BS. The CRS may be transmitted in several symbol periods of each subframe and may be used by a UE to perform channel estimation, channel quality measurement, and / or other functions. The BS may also transmit a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) in symbol periods 0 through 3 in slot 1 of some radio frames. The PBCH may carry some system information. The BS may also transmit other system information, such as a system information block (SIB), on the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in some subframes. The BS may transmit control information / data on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in the first B symbol periods of a subframe, where B may be configurable per subframe. The BS may transmit traffic data and / or other data on the PDSCH in the remaining symbol periods of each subframe.

[0053] In other systems (e.g., NR or 5G systems), the Node B may transmit these or other signals in these or different locations in the subframe.

[0054] As noted above, Figure 3 is provided as an example only. Other examples are possible and may differ from what is described with respect to Figure 3.

[0055] Machine-type communication (MTC) may be characterized by the automatic generation, exchange, processing, and actuation of data between machines with little or no human intervention. For example, MTC devices may be used in field deployments of equipment that are not monitored or operated by humans. Examples and classifications of MTC devices may include, for example, Category M UE, Category M1 UE, and Category M2 UE. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has defined various standards and releases that specify how communications with MTC UEs are handled, such as enhanced MTC (eMTC) defined by 3GPP Releases 13, 14, and 15, as well as the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) standard.

[0056] Some MTC devices may use smaller resource allocations than a typical UE. For example, an MTC device may not transmit as much data as a typical UE, so allocating an entire physical resource block (PRB) for the MTC device's uplink traffic (e.g., 7 subcarriers with 12 symbols each for a total of 84 symbols) may be wasteful and unnecessary. However, simply allocating fewer than one PRB for uplink traffic may not be sufficient. For example, some features of an MTC device, such as frequency hopping, transport block size (TBS) mapping, and retuning, may require special configuration with respect to sub-PRB resource allocations to function properly.

[0057] Some techniques and apparatuses described herein provide sub-PRB allocation for eMTC devices. In some aspects, the techniques and apparatuses described herein provide dynamic switching between sub-PRB allocation and allocations with larger bandwidths (e.g., one PRB or more), which improves resource allocation versatility and network performance. Additionally or alternatively, some techniques and apparatuses described herein may provide limited-flexibility resource allocation techniques for sub-PRB allocation, which may reduce the size of the resource allocation field identifying the sub-PRB allocation. Additionally or alternatively, some techniques and apparatuses described herein may use downlink control information (DCI) bits or MCS entries to indicate the resource allocation, which may further reduce the size of the resource allocation field. Some techniques and apparatuses described herein may also enable frequency hopping for sub-PRB allocation, as well as puncturing of the sub-PRB allocation or retuning to reduce data loss. In this way, MTC devices such as UEs of categories M, M1, and M2 or eMTC UEs may be scheduled with sub-PRB resource allocation while preserving frequency hopping and retuning capabilities, which improves resource allocation efficiency and MTC device performance.

[0058] FIG. 4 illustrates an example 400 of allocating sub-PRB resource allocations for an MTC UE.

[0059] 4 and as indicated by reference numeral 405, the UE 120 may receive a grant from a scheduling entity (e.g., the BS 110, etc.). The grant may be a grant for a sub-PRB uplink resource allocation, as described in more detail below. In some aspects, the grant may be provided in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), such as the PDCCH, mPDCCH, ePDCCH, etc. As further shown, the grant may identify an uplink resource allocation for the UE 120. In some aspects, the resource allocation may be formatted based at least in part on a particular format, such as a format specified in 3GPP Release 13 for eMTC or a different format.

[0060] In some aspects, the BS 110 may provide a grant based at least in part on the UE 120 being configured to use the sub-PRB resource allocation. For example, the UE 120 may provide a capability report or the like indicating that the UE 120 is able to or configured to use the sub-PRB resource allocation. In some aspects, the BS 110 may allocate a sub-PRB resource allocation for the UE 120 only when the UE 120 is configured to use the sub-PRB resource allocation (e.g., regardless of the system bandwidth of the UE 120).

[0061] In some aspects, when UE 120 is configured for a first maximum transmission bandwidth (e.g., 1.4 MHz associated with up to 6 PRBs), BS 110 may allocate a sub-PRB resource allocation as well as the number of PRBs associated with the first maximum transmission bandwidth (e.g., sub-PRB resource allocation and 1 to 6 PRBs). This may allow reuse of resource allocation state for the sub-PRB resource allocation. In some aspects, when UE 120 is configured for a second maximum transmission bandwidth (e.g., 5 MHz), BS 110 may allocate a sub-PRB resource allocation as well as the number of PRBs associated with the second maximum transmission bandwidth (e.g., sub-PRB resource allocation and up to 24 PRBs). This may provide BS 110 with more flexibility in scheduling UE 120 without requiring radio resource control reconfiguration.

[0062] As shown, the uplink resource allocation may identify a narrowband index (e.g., 3). For example, the UE 120 may be configured to communicate on one or more narrowbands, which may be associated with the respective indexes. The narrowband index may identify the narrowband in which the uplink resource allocation is included. As used herein, narrowband may refer to a band, channel, or subchannel over which the MTC UE may communicate. For example, the narrowband may be 200 kHz, 1.4 MHz (corresponding to 6 resource blocks (RBs)), 5 MHz, or another bandwidth.

[0063] In some aspects, the narrowband may be selected from a group of predetermined narrowbands. For example, the UE 120 may be configured to use one of the group of predetermined narrowbands for uplink transmissions associated with the sub-PRB resource allocation. The BS 110 may select one of the group of predetermined narrowbands (e.g., narrowband 3) and may identify a PRB of the selected narrowband to carry uplink data, as described below.

[0064] As further shown, the grant may identify a resource block (e.g., an RB or a PRB). Here, the resource block is identified by an index of 2. In some aspects, the resource block may be identified in another manner (e.g., implicitly or explicitly). By identifying a resource block, the grant may allow UE 120 to use fewer than one PRB (e.g., fewer than all of the PRBs identified by the grant) to provide uplink traffic, which improves efficiency of network resource allocation. In some aspects, the grant may identify two or more PRBs. For example, the grant may identify respective portions of two or more PRBs, such as an entire first PRB and a portion of a second PRB.

[0065] In some aspects, the PRB may be selected from a predetermined group of PRBs. For example, the UE 120 may be configured to use only one or more of the predetermined group of PRBs to carry sub-PRB uplink traffic. In some aspects, the predetermined group of PRBs may include fewer than all PRBs of a narrowband (e.g., narrowband 3) over which the UE 120 is configured to communicate. Additionally or alternatively, the selected PRB may be selected at least in part based on the selected PRB being included in a guard band of the narrowband.

[0066] In some aspects, the selected PRB may be selected based at least in part on the fact that a particular PRB is not included in the narrowband. For example, the selected PRB may be selected from PRBs that are not included in the Release 13 eMTC narrowband configuration (e.g., a center PRB of a 5 MHz narrowband, one of the two edge PRBs of a 10 MHz narrowband, etc.). In some aspects, the selected PRB may be indicated based at least in part on a higher layer configuration.

[0067] As further shown, the grant may identify a subcarrier index indicating which subcarriers of resource block 2 should be used to transmit uplink data. Here, the subcarrier index identifies resource element 6 and indicates the use of 6 subcarriers. For example, as indicated by reference numeral 410, each PRB may include 12 subcarriers. In this case, the grant indicates the use of subcarriers associated with indices 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 to transmit uplink data. In some aspects, each PRB may correspond to a slot of a subframe. In some aspects, each PRB may correspond to a subframe or a different length of time.

[0068] In some aspects, the groups of subcarriers identified by the subcarrier allocation may be selected from multiple non-overlapping groups of subcarriers. For example, the subcarrier allocation may be selected from non-overlapping groups of three subcarriers, non-overlapping groups of six subcarriers, etc. In such a case, the groups of three subcarriers may start at resource element indices 0, 3, 6, and 9, and the groups of six subcarriers may start at resource element indices 0 and 6.

[0069] In some aspects, using a fully flexible approach (e.g., allocating any number of subcarriers of any PRB of a narrowband) may improve scheduling flexibility. To reduce the resource allocation bitmapping size, the BS 110 may use a limited flexibility resource allocation approach, in which the BS 110 selects PRBs and / or subcarrier groups from a predetermined subset of all of the PRBs and / or subcarrier groups (as mentioned above). As examples, the BS 110 may allocate resource allocations of 3 subcarriers, 6 subcarriers, 12 subcarriers (e.g., 1 PRB), and 24 subcarriers (e.g., 2 PRBs). In such a case, assuming the BS 110 selects a resource allocation from a predetermined group of 4 RBs in the narrowband (e.g., 4 of the total 6 RBs in the narrowband), there may be 31 resource allocation states for the narrowband. Therefore, each resource allocation state can be signaled using a 5-bit bitmap, which is the same size as the Coverage Enhancement (CE) Mode A bitmap in Release 13, so no increased bitmap size is required to accommodate sub-PRB resource allocation.

[0070] In some aspects, one or more additional bits may be added to the DCI for a fully flexible approach. To reduce DCI overhead, the resource allocation for sub-PRBs may be jointly coded with other fields, such as a field for indicating the repetition level. Because the maximum number of transmission subframes is limited (e.g., up to 32 subframes for CE mode A), the number of repetition levels for different numbers of subcarriers may be different. For example, if one resource unit is considered, the supported numbers of repetition levels for two subcarriers, three subcarriers, and six subcarriers are {1, 2, 4}, {1, 2, 4, 8}, and {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}, respectively. This may be because the lengths of the resource units (RUs) for different numbers of subcarriers are different, i.e., 8 ms, 4 ms, and 2 ms for two subcarriers, three subcarriers, and six subcarriers, respectively. Examples of the supported numbers of repetition levels for other numbers of RUs are given in the table below. For joint coding of resource allocation and repetition level, there may be 504 states in total (i.e., 6 PRB allocations, 4 values ​​for 2 subcarrier positions within the RB, 4 values ​​for 3 subcarrier positions within the RB, 2 values ​​for 6 subcarrier positions within the RB, 3 values ​​for the number of RUs = {1, 2, 4}, so (6x4 + 9x4 + 12x2)x6 = 504), thus using 9 bits. This may lead to an increase of 2 bits compared to the legacy 7 bits, where 5 bits are used for resource allocation and 2 bits are used to indicate the repetition level.

[0071] [Table 1]

[0072] As indicated by reference numeral 415, the UE 120 may determine a transport block size (TBS) of a transport block (TB) to be mapped to a sub-PRB resource allocation. For example, the sub-PRB resource allocation may identify an MCS index. The UE 120 may refer to an MCS table based at least in part on the MCS index to determine a TBS associated with the MCS index. In some aspects, the MCS table may be associated with a particular standard. For example, the MCS table may be associated with the eMTC standard (e.g., which may support QPSK or 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM)), the NB-IoT standard (e.g., which may support only QPSK), or another standard. In some aspects, when the UE 120 is configured to use QPSK and when the UE 120 uses a QPSK TBS table associated with eMTC, the UE 120 may apply a modulation order constraint. For example, if the modulation order is higher than 2, ie, 16QAM or higher, the UE overwrites the modulation order with QPSK or BPSK associated with the sub-PRB resource allocation.

[0073] As indicated by reference numeral 420, UE 120 may map the TB to a sub-PRB resource allocation based at least in part on the TBS.

[0074] In some aspects, the UE 120 may map a single TB to a single resource unit, or the BS 110 may schedule a single TB to be mapped to a single resource unit. As used herein, a resource unit refers to a first number of subcarriers and a second number of subcarriers, where the first number of subcarriers and the second number of subcarriers are determined based at least in part on a predetermined constant. For example, a resource unit may include x subcarriers and y subcarriers, where x*y equals 12. In such a case, the DCI (e.g., a grant) may signal the number of resource units over which the TB should be served (e.g., similar to an N_RU value defined by NB-IoT). In some aspects, when a TBS is determined based at least in part on an eMTC MCS table, the N_RU value identified by the MCS table may be used to identify the number of PRBs to which the TB should be mapped.

[0075] In some aspects, UE 120 may determine the number of repetitions for uplink data transmission associated with the sub-PRB resource allocation. For example, the repetition level defined by the eMTC standard (e.g., 3GPP Release 13 TS 36.213) may be used as is, which may reduce the reconfiguration effort of implementing the number of repetitions. In some aspects, the supported repetition level may be lowered compared to Release 13. For example, the supported repetition level may be lowered to allow the repetition field of the DCI to be used to indicate at least a portion of the uplink resource allocation or the number of resource units to be used. In such a case, the uplink resource allocation may be identified based at least in part on joint coding with the MCS and the repetition level.

[0076] As indicated by reference numeral 425, the UE 120 may transmit uplink data based at least in part on the grant. For example, the UE 120 may map transport blocks to subcarriers associated with the uplink resource allocation based at least in part on a modulation scheme identified by the grant. In this manner, the UE 120 communicates using uplink grants of fewer than one PRB.

[0077] In some aspects, the UE 120 may retune (e.g., perform a retuning operation) to transmit uplink data. For example, the UE 120 may start at a first frequency, subcarrier, or narrowband and may need to retune to a frequency, subcarrier, or narrowband associated with a sub-PRB resource allocation. In 3GPP Release 14 of the eMTC standard, OFDM symbols 0, 1, and / or 2 are used for retuning based at least in part on the UE's capabilities. In such a case, when the UE is in a 1.4 MHz maximum transmission bandwidth mode, retuning is performed whenever the narrowband changes. When the UE is configured for a 5 MHz maximum transmission bandwidth, the rules for determining the number of symbols for retuning are based at least in part on the change in wideband or the center frequency of the narrowband. For example, in 3GPP Release 14 TS 36.211, up to four non-overlapping widebands are defined. The center frequency is determined for resource allocation. When the destination uplink resource allocation is within the same wideband as the initial uplink resource allocation, the center frequency is defined as the center frequency of the same wideband. When the destination uplink resource allocation is within a different wideband than the initial uplink resource allocation, the center frequency is defined as the center frequency of the resource allocation.

[0078] In some aspects, the UE 120 may perform retuning according to a technique associated with the maximum transmission bandwidth of the UE 120. For example, the UE 120 may retune when the UE's narrowband changes when the UE 120 is configured for a 1.4 MHz maximum transmission bandwidth mode, or may retune based at least in part on a Release 14 technique for a 5 MHz maximum transmission bandwidth when the UE 120 is configured for a 5 MHz maximum transmission bandwidth mode. In some aspects, the UE 120 may perform retuning whenever the UE's narrowband changes. For example, when the UE 120 determines that a destination uplink resource allocation is included in a different narrowband than the initial uplink resource allocation, the UE 120 may retune to the different narrowband. In some aspects, the UE 120 may perform retuning when the destination uplink resource allocation is different from the initial uplink resource allocation.

[0079] In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine particular resources to puncture based at least in part on whether the UE 120 is allocated a sub-PRB resource allocation. For example, the UE 120 may determine to puncture the last one or more symbols of a subframe when the last one or more symbols would be lost due to a retuning operation (e.g., dropped, not transmitted, etc.). In some aspects, the UE 120 may determine to perform a rate-matching operation. For example, the UE 120 may rate-match the first one or more symbols of a subframe such that data of the one or more symbols that would otherwise be lost due to retuning is provided on subsequent symbols of the subframe. In some aspects, the UE 120 or the BS 110 may determine that particular symbols should not be punctured. For example, the fourth symbol of each slot may be associated with a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and may not be punctured. In some aspects, the UE 120 or the BS 110 may determine that different symbols should not be punctured.

[0080] As noted above, Figure 4 is provided as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what is described with respect to Figure 4.

[0081] FIG. 5 illustrates an example 500 of frequency hopping for sub-PRB resource allocation for MTC UEs.

[0082] In some aspects, the UE 120 may perform frequency hopping to improve transmit diversity of the UE 120's uplink data transmission. One technique for frequency hopping is defined by 3GPP TS 36.211 Releases 13 and 14. When performing the frequency hopping technique, the UE 120 may switch between different groups of subcarriers over time. For example, the frequency hopping interval may be configured semi-statically. In CE Mode A, the frequency hopping technique may be performed on an FDD offset of 1, 2, 4, or 8 frequency bands, or on a time division duplex (TDD) offset of 1, 5, 10, or 20 subframes. In CE Mode B, the frequency hopping technique may be performed on an FDD offset of 2, 4, 8, or 16 frequency bands, or on a TDD offset of 5, 10, 20, or 40 subframes. In such a case, UE 120 may hop from a first narrowband to a second narrowband that are spaced apart by a particular FDD offset, and may perform the hop based at least in part on a time interval identified by the TDD offset.

[0083] In some aspects, when UE 120 is allocated a sub-PRB uplink resource allocation, frequency hopping may not be allowed, which reduces radio resource control (RRC) signaling. In some aspects, UE 120 may perform frequency hopping according to the Release 13 or Release 14 process described in the preceding paragraph, which reduces the effort associated with reconfiguring BS 110 and UE 120 to facilitate frequency hopping techniques. However, in such cases, data may be lost due to retuning because the size of the resource unit to which the sub-PRB resource allocation is mapped may not align with the time offset of the frequency hopping technique.

[0084] In some aspects, the UE 120 may configure frequency hopping such that the frequency hopping interval (e.g., time interval) matches the number of subframes or resource units associated with the uplink resource allocation. In this way, frequency hopping is performed only at the end of the uplink resource allocation or in resource units of the uplink resource allocation, which reduces losses due to frequency hopping. In some aspects, the UE 120 may configure a frequency hopping technique such that frequency hopping is performed within a preconfigured set of PRBs (e.g., rather than across two narrowbands), which may reduce retuning time associated with the frequency hopping technique.

[0085] In some aspects, as shown in FIG. 5, the UE 120 may perform frequency hopping within a single resource unit. Reference numeral 502 illustrates an example of frequency hopping for a resource allocation of three subcarriers and one subframe. The resource allocation is indicated by reference numeral 504. As shown, frequency hopping is performed within a single resource unit of four subframes and twelve subcarriers. As further illustrated, frequency hopping is performed at a time interval (e.g., one subframe) that coincides with the length of the uplink resource allocation. In some aspects, the UE 120 may perform a periodic frequency hopping technique, a mirror frequency hopping technique, or another type of frequency hopping technique within the resource unit. As indicated by reference numeral 506, in some aspects, the UE 120 may perform a periodic frequency hopping technique. Here, UE 120 hops between sending uplink transmissions on one set of six subcarriers (e.g., subcarriers 0-5) and sending uplink transmissions on another set (e.g., subcarriers 6-11) (indicated by reference numeral 508).

[0086] As noted above, Figure 5 is provided as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what is described with respect to Figure 5.

[0087] 6 is a flowchart of a method 600 of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 120, device 902 / 902′, etc., of FIG. 1).

[0088] At 610, the UE may receive a grant that identifies an uplink resource allocation of less than one physical resource block (PRB), where the grant identifies a particular PRB in which the uplink resource allocation is included and at least some group of subcarriers allocated for the UE. For example, the UE may receive a grant (e.g., in a DCI, mPUCCH, etc.). The grant may identify an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB. For example, the grant may identify a particular PRB in which the uplink resource allocation is included and may identify at least some group of subcarriers allocated for the UE (e.g., 3 subcarriers, 6 subcarriers, 8 subcarriers, 12 subcarriers, 24 subcarriers, etc.). In some aspects, the uplink resource allocation may include more than one PRB or may be distributed across more than one PRB, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.

[0089] At 620, the UE may transmit uplink data using the uplink resource allocation. For example, the UE may transmit data using the uplink resource allocation. In some aspects, the UE may perform frequency hopping techniques to improve frequency diversity, as described below in connection with FIG. 7. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may perform a retuning operation based at least in part on the uplink resource allocation, as described below in connection with FIG. 8. For example, the UE may retune from an original frequency to a frequency associated with the uplink resource allocation.

[0090] In some aspects, the UE comprises a Category M UE, a Category M1 UE, or a Category M2 UE. In some aspects, the particular PRB is selected from a predetermined narrowband configured for the UE using radio resource control signaling. In some aspects, the uplink resource allocation further identifies the narrowband in which the particular PRB falls. In some aspects, the narrowband is selected from a predetermined group of narrowbands that includes less than all narrowbands corresponding to the UE's system bandwidth. In some aspects, the particular PRB is selected from a predetermined group of PRBs that includes less than all PRBs of the narrowband over which the UE is configured to communicate.

[0091] In some aspects, the specific PRB is selected based at least in part on the specific PRB not being included in a narrowband. In some aspects, the specific PRB is selected based at least in part on the specific PRB being included in a guard band. In some aspects, the uplink resource allocation is identified using one or more unused bits of downlink control information. In some aspects, the uplink resource allocation is identified based at least in part on joint coding with an MCS and repetition level identified by downlink control information associated with a grant. In some aspects, the uplink resource allocation is associated with a transport block, the uplink resource allocation maps the transport block to at least one resource unit including a first number of subcarriers and a second number of subcarriers, and the grant indicates the number of resource units to which the transport block should be mapped.

[0092] In some aspects, a transport block size (TBS) of the transport block is determined based at least in part on the number of resource units. In some aspects, the modulation order of the transport block is overridden using quadrature phase shift keying or binary phase shift keying when the determined modulation order of the transport block is greater than two. In some aspects, an uplink resource allocation is associated with the transport block, the uplink resource allocation mapping the transport block to resource units including a first number of subcarriers and a second number of subcarriers, and the grant indicating the number of resource units to which the transport block associated with the uplink resource allocation should be mapped. In some aspects, the transport block size of at least one transport block is determined based at least in part on the number of resource units by using a TBS table associated with Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). In some aspects, the table is associated with a 16-quadrature amplitude modulation scheme, and the transport block size of the at least one transport block is determined by multiplying the transport block size identified by the table.

[0093] In some aspects, the group of subcarriers is selected from multiple non-overlapping groups of subcarriers for a particular PRB. In some aspects, the UE is configured to receive a resource allocation that is less than one PRB, and the uplink data communication is scheduled using a grant of the less than one PRB resource allocation. In some aspects, the grant is a first grant of less than one PRB, the UE is configured with a maximum transmission bandwidth, and the UE is further configured to receive a second grant of at least one PRB, the number of PRBs in the second grant being based at least on the maximum transmission bandwidth. In some aspects, the maximum transmission bandwidth is 1.4 megahertz, and the second grant is associated with one to six PRBs. In some aspects, the maximum transmission bandwidth is 5 MHz, and the second grant is associated with more than six PRBs.

[0094] Although Figure 6 illustrates example blocks of a method of wireless communication, in some aspects the method may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks configured differently than those illustrated in Figure 6. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks illustrated in Figure 6 may be performed in parallel.

[0095] 7 is another flowchart of a method of wireless communication 700. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 120, device 902 / 902′, etc., of FIG. 1).

[0096] At 710, the UE may receive a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one physical resource block (PRB), where the grant identifies the number of subframes or resource units to which a transport block associated with the uplink resource allocation should be mapped. For example, the UE may receive a grant (e.g., in a DCI, an mPUCCH, etc.). The grant may identify the uplink resource allocation. Additionally or alternatively, the grant may identify the number of subframes or resource units to which a TB associated with the uplink resource allocation should be mapped. For example, the grant may identify the number of subframes (and / or subcarriers) or resource units (e.g., the number of subframes and the number of subcarriers determined at least in part based on a predetermined value). The UE may map the transport block to the uplink resource allocation based at least in part on the number of subframes or resource units.

[0097] At 720, the UE may determine a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on the number of subframes or resource units. For example, the UE may determine a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on the number of subframes or resource units. The frequency hopping technique may include, for example, a periodic technique, a mirror technique, a PRB switching technique, etc.

[0098] In some aspects, the UE is configured to disable a frequency hopping technique when the grant identifies an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB. In some aspects, the UE is configured to configure a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on a coverage extension mode, a frequency hopping interval, and a number of subframes or resource units when the grant identifies an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB. In some aspects, the UE is configured to perform a frequency hopping technique when the frequency hopping interval matches the number of subframes or resource units associated with the uplink resource allocation. In some aspects, the UE is configured to perform a frequency hopping technique within one or more predetermined PRBs when the grant identifies an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB. In some aspects, the UE is configured to perform a frequency hopping technique within a particular PRB, the frequency hopping technique being based at least in part on a periodic approach within the particular PRB. In some aspects, the configuration of the frequency hopping technique is indicated using downlink control information or radio resource control signaling.

[0099] Although Figure 7 illustrates example blocks of a wireless communication method, in some aspects the method may include additional blocks to, fewer blocks than, different blocks from, or blocks arranged differently than the blocks illustrated in Figure 7. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks illustrated in Figure 7 may be performed in parallel.

[0100] 8 is another flowchart of a method of wireless communication 800. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 120, device 902 / 902′, etc., of FIG. 1).

[0101] At 810, the UE may receive a grant that identifies an uplink resource allocation of less than one physical resource block (PRB). For example, the UE may receive a grant that identifies an uplink resource allocation as described in more detail above with respect to block 610 of FIG. 6 and block 710 of FIG. 7.

[0102] At 820, the UE may perform a retuning operation based at least in part on the grant that identifies an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB. For example, the UE may perform the retuning operation to transmit data on the uplink resource allocation. In some aspects, the UE may perform the retuning operation in accordance with configurations associated with Release 13 of the 3GPP standards, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In some aspects, the UE may perform the retuning operation based at least in part on another approach, such as based at least in part on the grant that identifies an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB.

[0103] In some aspects, the UE is configured to perform a retuning operation according to a retuning configuration corresponding to a system bandwidth capability of the UE. In some aspects, the UE is configured to perform a retuning operation when a narrowband over which the UE communicates changes. In some aspects, the UE is configured to perform a retuning operation when a PRB over which the UE communicates changes. In some aspects, the UE is configured to puncture one or more symbols at the end of a subframe based at least in part on having performed the retuning operation. In some aspects, the UE is configured to rate match one or more symbols at the beginning of a subframe based at least in part on having performed the retuning operation.

[0104] Although Figure 8 illustrates example blocks of a wireless communication method, in some aspects the method may include additional blocks to, fewer blocks than, different blocks from, or blocks arranged differently than the blocks illustrated in Figure 8. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks illustrated in Figure 8 may be performed in parallel.

[0105] 9 is a conceptual data flow diagram 900 illustrating data flow between different modules / means / components within an example apparatus 902. The apparatus 902 may be a UE (e.g., UE 120). In some aspects, the apparatus 902 includes a receiving module 904, a determining module 906, an executing module 908, and / or a transmitting module 910.

[0106] The receiving module 904 may receive data 912 from a base station 950 (e.g., BS 110, etc.). The data 912 may include, for example, a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB. The receiving module 904 may provide the data 914 to the determination module based at least in part on the data 914. For example, the receiving module 904 may decode the data 912 to obtain the data 914. The data 914 may identify the grant, the PRBs of the uplink resource allocation of the grant, a group of subcarriers of the uplink resource allocation, a narrowband associated with the uplink resource allocation, etc.

[0107] The determination module 906 may determine a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on the data 914. For example, the frequency hopping technique may include a periodic technique, a mirror hopping technique, a frequency hopping technique contained within a single narrow band or PRB, etc. The determination module 906 may provide the data 916 to the transmission module 910 to implement the frequency hopping technique.

[0108] The execution module 908 executes the data 914 based at least in part on the permissions associated with the data 914. , may perform a retuning operation. For example, the executing module 908 may perform a retuning operation when the narrowband over which the UE communicates changes based at least in part on the grant, when the PRB over which the UE communicates changes based at least in part on the grant, etc. The executing module 908 may provide data 918 to the transmitting module 910 for performing the retuning operation.

[0109] The transmission module 910 may transmit uplink data 920 using the uplink resource allocation identified by the grant. In some aspects, the transmission module 910 may perform retuning operations and / or frequency hopping techniques based at least in part on the data 916 and / or the data 918.

[0110] The apparatus may include additional modules that perform each of the blocks of the algorithms in the above flowcharts of Figures 6, 7, and / or 8. As such, each block in the above flowcharts of Figures 6, 7, and / or 8 may be performed by a module, and the apparatus may include one or more of those modules. A module may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the specified process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for execution by the processor, or some combination thereof.

[0111] The number and arrangement of modules shown in Figure 9 are shown as an example. In practice, there may be additional, fewer, different, or differently arranged modules compared to those shown in Figure 9. Furthermore, two or more of the modules shown in Figure 9 may be implemented within a single module, or a single module shown in Figure 9 may be implemented as multiple distributed modules. Additionally or alternatively, a set of modules shown in Figure 9 (e.g., one or more modules) may perform one or more functions described as functions performed by another set of modules shown in Figure 9.

[0112] 10 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device 902' employing a processing system 1002. The device 902' may be a UE (e.g., UE 120).

[0113] Processing system 1002 may be implemented using a bus architecture, represented generally by bus 1004. Bus 1004 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the particular application and overall design constraints of processing system 1002. Bus 1004 couples together various circuits, including one or more processors and / or hardware modules, represented by processor 1006, modules 904, 906, 908, and 910, and computer-readable medium / memory 1008. Bus 1004 may also couple various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[0114] The processing system 1002 may be coupled to a transceiver 1010. The transceiver 1010 is coupled to one or more antennas 1012. The transceiver 1010 constitutes a means for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1010 receives signals from the one or more antennas 1012, extracts information from the received signals, and provides the extracted information to the processing system 1002, specifically the receiving module 904. In addition, the transceiver 1010 receives information from the processing system 1002, specifically the transmitting module 910, and generates signals to be applied to the one or more antennas 1012 based at least in part on the received information. The processing system 1002 includes a processor 1006 coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1008. The processor 1006 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory 1008. The software, when executed by the processor 1006, causes the processing system 1002 to perform the various functions described above for any particular apparatus. The computer-readable medium / memory 1008 may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor 1006 when executing the software. The processing system further includes at least one of modules 904, 906, 908, and 910. The modules may be software modules executed within the processor 1006 and residing / stored within the computer-readable medium / memory 1008, one or more hardware modules coupled to the processor 1006, or some combination thereof. The processing system 1002 may be a component of the UE 120 and may include the memory 282 and / or at least one of the TX MIMO processor 266, the RX processor 258, and / or the controller / processor 280.

[0115] In some aspects, an apparatus 902 / 902′ for wireless communication includes means for receiving a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one physical resource block (PRB), means for transmitting uplink data using the uplink resource allocation, means for determining a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on a number of subframes or resource units, and / or means for performing a retuning operation based at least in part on the grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB. The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned modules of a processing system 1002 of the apparatus 902 and / or the apparatus 902′ configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. As described above, the processing system 1002 may include the TX MIMO processor 266, the RX processor 258, and / or the controller / processor 280. Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX MIMO processor 266, the RX processor 258, and / or the controller / processor 280 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

[0116] Figure 10 is shown as an example, other examples are possible and may differ from what is described with respect to Figure 10.

[0117] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the disclosed processes / flowcharts is an illustration of example approaches. Based on design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in an example order and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0118] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Accordingly, the claims are not limited to the aspects set forth herein but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the claim language, and references to elements in the singular do not mean "one and only," but rather "one or more," unless so expressly stated. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" should not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple As, multiple Bs, or multiple Cs. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, and any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various embodiments described throughout this disclosure that are known or later become known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be made available to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for." [Explanation of symbols]

[0119] 100 Network 102a Macrocell 102b Picocell 102c Femtocell 110, 110a, 110b, 110c BS 110d relay station 120, 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d UE 130 Network Controller 212 Data Sources 220 Transmit Processor 230 Transmit (TX) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Processor 232a~232t Modulators (MOD), Demodulators 234a~234t antenna 236 MIMO detector 238 Receive Processor 239 Data Sink 240 Controllers / Processors 242 memory 244 communication unit 246 Scheduler 252a~252r Antenna 254a~254r Demodulator (DEMOD), Modulator 256 MIMO detector 258 Receive Processor, RX Processor 260 Data Sink 262 Data Sources 264 Transmit Processor 266 TX MIMO Processor 280 Controller / Processor 282 memory 290 Controller / Processor 292 memory 294 Communication Unit 300 frame structure 400 examples 500 examples 600 ways 700 methods 800 ways 902 / 902' equipment 904 Receiver Module 906 Judgment Module 908 Execution Module 910 Transmitting Module 912 Data 914 Data 916 Data 918 Data 920 Uplink Data 950 base station

Claims

1. 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising: receiving, by a user equipment (UE), a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one physical resource block (PRB), the grant identifying a number of subframes or resource units onto which a transport block associated with the uplink resource allocation should be mapped; determining, by the UE, a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on the number of subframes or resource units, the frequency hopping technique being within a narrow band that includes the uplink resource allocation; when the grant identifies the uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB, configuring, by the UE, the frequency hopping technique based at least in part on a coverage extension mode, a frequency hopping interval, and the number of subframes or resource units, wherein the frequency hopping technique is configured such that frequency hopping is performed within one or more predetermined PRBs and the frequency hopping interval corresponds to the number of subframes or resource units associated with the uplink resource allocation; and performing, by the UE, the frequency hopping technique within the one or more predetermined PRBs when the grant identifies the uplink resource allocation for less than one PRB. method.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency hopping technique is based at least in part on a periodic approach within the one or more predetermined PRBs. The method of claim 1.

3. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communications, comprising: means for receiving a grant identifying an uplink resource allocation of less than one physical resource block (PRB), the grant identifying a number of subframes or resource units onto which a transport block associated with the uplink resource allocation should be mapped; and means for determining a frequency hopping technique based at least in part on the number of subframes or resource units, wherein the frequency hopping technique is within a narrow band that includes the uplink resource allocation; and when the grant identifies the uplink resource allocation of less than one PRB, means for configuring the frequency hopping technique based at least in part on a coverage extension mode, a frequency hopping interval, and the number of subframes or resource units, wherein the frequency hopping technique is configured such that frequency hopping is performed within one or more predetermined PRBs and the frequency hopping interval corresponds to the number of subframes or resource units associated with the uplink resource allocation; and means for performing the frequency hopping technique within the one or more predetermined PRBs when the grant identifies the uplink resource allocation for less than one PRB. UE.

4. Based at least in part on a periodic approach within the one or more predetermined PRBs. The UE of claim 3.

5. A computer program comprising a program code for causing a computer to carry out the method according to claim 1 or 2.

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