Apparatus for measuring the physical properties of a test specimen under high temperature and method for measuring the physical properties of a test specimen using the same.

Abstract

To provide a device for measuring the physical properties of a specimen under high temperature, with which it is possible to heat up and cool the specimen at high speed and repeat measurements in a short time interval, and with which it is easy to observe the specimen from the outside.SOLUTION: Provided is a device for measuring the physical properties of a specimen under high temperature, wherein a carbon heater is located on the lower side or on both lower and upper sides of the specimen, the carbon heater being accommodated within a stainless steel housing. An observation window is installed on at least a side surface and the upper surface of the housing, and a measurer for measuring the physical properties of the specimen through the observation window is installed on the outside of the housing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the physical properties of a specimen at high temperatures and a method for measuring the physical properties of a specimen using the same.

Background Art

[0002] Refractory materials used in various furnaces of steel mills are used at high temperatures of 1500°C or higher. In such an environment, if the refractory material comes into contact with molten iron, steel, slag, etc., and erosion and infiltration progress, resulting in peeling, cracking, destruction, etc., serious accidents may occur. Therefore, evaluation techniques for the physical properties of materials at high temperatures are particularly important.

[0003] Conventionally, when measuring the physical properties of ceramics, metals, etc. at high temperatures of 1000°C or higher, an electric furnace or the like (Patent Document 1) has been used. However, since it takes several hours to raise the temperature of the specimen and several more hours to cool the apparatus, a long time is required for one measurement. In addition, due to restrictions on the position and size of the observation window, it may not be possible to observe the internal specimen as desired from outside the housing.

[0004] On the other hand, Patent Document 2 describes a high-speed heating apparatus using infrared rays. According to the apparatus, it is described that synthetic quartz powder can be heated to 1700°C to 1800°C at a heating rate of 10 to 30°C / sec under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure. However, the method of heating the specimen at high speed using infrared rays is focused heating, and there is a problem that it is difficult to uniformly heat the entire specimen at high speed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention was made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide an apparatus for measuring the physical properties of a test specimen at high temperatures, which allows for rapid heating and cooling of the test specimen, enables repeated measurements at short intervals, and facilitates observation of the test specimen from the outside. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The above problem is solved by providing an apparatus for measuring the physical properties of a test specimen at high temperatures, wherein carbon heaters are arranged on the underside of the test specimen, or on both the underside and the upper side, the carbon heaters are housed in a stainless steel casing, observation windows are provided on at least the side and top surfaces of the casing, and a measuring instrument for measuring the physical properties of the test specimen is installed on the outside of the casing through the observation windows.

[0008] In this case, it is preferable that the measuring instrument is a camera or a thermometer. It is preferable that the device is a state observation device, and it is more preferable that the state observation device is a contact angle measuring device.

[0009] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for measuring a test specimen using the apparatus, comprising the steps of heating the test specimen with the carbon heater and measuring the test specimen using the measuring instrument. A more preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for measuring the contact angle of a test specimen using the contact angle measuring device, comprising the steps of heating and melting the test specimen with the carbon heater and measuring the contact angle of the molten test specimen using the camera. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to measure the physical properties of a test specimen at high temperatures, to rapidly heat and cool the test specimen, to repeat measurements at short intervals, and to easily measure the test specimen from the outside. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of an example of the apparatus 1 of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is an example of a top view photograph of a carbon heater on which a test specimen is placed. [Figure 3] This is an example of a photograph showing the external appearance of a measuring instrument installed on the outside of the enclosure. [Figure 4] This is an example of a measuring instrument configuration for measuring contact angle and thermal conductivity. [Figure 5] This figure plots the voltage applied to the carbon heater against time in Example 1. [Figure 6] This shows the temperature distribution of the test specimen and carbon heater measured from above in Example 1. [Figure 7] This is a photograph of the carbon heater 3 and test specimen 4 taken with a front-side camera in Example 2. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the physical properties of a test specimen at high temperatures, wherein carbon heaters are arranged on the underside of the test specimen, or on both the underside and the upper side, the carbon heaters are housed in a stainless steel casing, observation windows are installed on at least the side and top surfaces of the casing, and a measuring instrument for measuring the physical properties of the test specimen is installed on the outside of the casing through the observation windows. In this apparatus, the test specimen is efficiently heated by the carbon heaters installed on the underside of the test specimen, or on both the underside and the upper side, so that the test specimen is heated to extremely high temperatures in a short time. On the other hand, the influence of radiant heat from the carbon heaters and the test specimen on the casing and other parts is small, and the heat capacity of the carbon heaters and the casing is also small, so the test specimen can be cooled in a short time. Therefore, even when the test specimen is heated to extremely high temperatures, measurements can be repeated at short intervals. Furthermore, because the influence of radiant heat from the carbon heaters and the test specimen is small, there is no need to install insulating material inside the casing, and there are few restrictions on the position, size, and number of observation windows. Therefore, various physical properties of the test specimen at high temperatures can be easily measured using the measuring instrument on the outside of the casing.

[0013] The following explanation will be given using drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of the apparatus 1 of the present invention. In Figure 1, the right side and top of the housing 2 are not shown in order to show the inside of the housing 2. A carbon heater 3 is housed inside the housing 2. The carbon heater 3 is positioned on the underside of the test specimen 4, or on both the underside and the top. Whether to position the carbon heater 3 only on the underside of the test specimen 4, or on both the underside and the top, can be appropriately selected depending on the physical properties to be measured and the type of test specimen.

[0014] In the present invention, a plate-shaped carbon heater 3 is preferably used. Usually, the test piece 4 is placed on the heating portion 5 of the lower carbon heater 3. FIG. 2 is an example of an upper surface photograph of the carbon heater 3 on which the test piece 4 is placed. Both ends of the carbon heater 3 are fixed to the fixing portion 6 installed on the bottom surface of the housing 2 by clamps and are connected to the terminals 7 for connecting to the power supply. Then, by applying a voltage to both ends of the carbon heater 3, the test piece 4 placed on the heating portion 5 is heated. In order to prevent damage to the terminals and the like at this time, it is preferable to install a cooling pipe in the fixing portion 6. The resistance value of the carbon heater 3 is usually 0.002 to 0.1 Ω.

[0015] The area of the heating portion 5 of the carbon heater 3 is usually 0.2 to 40 cm 2 . When the area exceeds 40 cm 2 , the cooling time of the apparatus 1 may become too long, or the observation window 8 and the seal member for sealing the inside of the housing 2 may be damaged by the radiant heat of the carbon heater 3 and the test piece 4. The area is preferably 25 cm 2 or less, more preferably 10 cm 2 or less, and even more preferably 1 cm 2 or less from the point that the test piece can be heated to an extremely high temperature. On the other hand, the area is preferably 0.8 cm 2 or more, more preferably 1 cm 2 or more. When a carbon heater 3 is also installed above the test piece 4, the same one as that installed below is used, and the heating portion 5 is installed so as to face downward.

[0016] In the device 1 of the present invention, a housing 2 made of stainless steel is used, and the interior thereof is sealed by the housing 2. The shape of the housing 2 is not particularly limited, and examples include a box shape. In the case of a box shape, the thickness of the housing 2 is usually 3 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 20 mm. In the device 1 shown in FIG. 1, the upper surface portion of the housing 2 is attached to the side surface portion with a hinge so as to be openable and closable, and the test piece 4 is placed at a predetermined position from the upper part of the housing 2. Further, in order to seal the inside of the housing 2, a sealing material is usually interposed between the upper surface portion and the side surface portion. As the sealing material, fluororubber, silicone rubber, etc. are used.

[0017] Within a range that does not inhibit the effects of the present invention, a heat insulating material may be disposed on the inner surface or the outer surface of the stainless steel housing 2 of the device 1 of the present invention, but it is preferable that no heat insulating material is disposed on the inner and outer surfaces of the housing 2. Conventionally, in an electric furnace or the like used for evaluating the physical properties of materials at high temperatures, since the entire inside of the furnace is heated, it was necessary to dispose a heat insulating material having a high heat capacity inside the housing. Therefore, once heated, it took several hours to cool the device, so the number of measurements per day was limited. In contrast, in the device 1 of the present invention, only the heating portion 5 of the carbon heater 3 generates heat and the test piece 4 is efficiently heated, so the influence of the radiant heat of the carbon heater 3 and the test piece 4 on the housing is small. Therefore, not only is there no need to install a heat insulating material, but by not installing a heat insulating material, the heat capacity of the entire device 1 can be lowered, so the cooling time of the device 1 is further shortened and measurements can be repeated at short intervals.

[0018] In the apparatus 1 of the present invention, observation windows 8 must be installed on at least the side and top surfaces of the housing 2. The physical properties of the test specimen 4 inside the housing 2 are measured by a measuring instrument installed on the outside of the housing 2 through the observation windows 8. In the apparatus 1 shown in Figure 1, a total of four observation windows 8 are installed on the housing 2, one each on the front side, rear side, top, and bottom surfaces. It is preferable that observation windows 8 are installed on at least three of the side, top, and bottom surfaces of the housing 2, and more preferably on four or more surfaces. The position of the observation windows 8 is not particularly limited as long as the test specimen 4 inside can be measured through the observation windows 8 using a measuring instrument placed on the outside of the housing 2, but it is preferable that the observation windows 8 be installed in a position where the carbon heater 3 or the test specimen 4 can be viewed through the observation windows 8 from a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the housing 2.

[0019] The size and shape of the observation window 8 are not particularly limited and can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the size of the test specimen 4 and the type of physical properties to be measured. Examples of the shape of the observation window 8 include rectangles, circles, and ovals, with a circle being preferred. If the observation window 8 is circular, its effective diameter is preferably 30 to 300 mm. A diameter of 30 mm or more makes it easier to measure the test specimen 4 with a measuring instrument installed on the outside of the housing 2. A diameter of 60 mm or more is more preferable, 70 mm or more is even more preferable, and 90 mm or more is particularly preferable. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of maintenance and durability, a diameter of 200 mm or less is more preferable, 150 mm or less is even more preferable, and 120 mm or less is particularly preferable. From the viewpoint of availability and heat resistance, the material of the observation window 8 is preferably borosilicate glass or quartz glass, with borosilicate glass being more preferable. The thickness of the observation window 8 is usually 3 to 40 mm, preferably 6 to 20 mm. In the apparatus 1 shown in Figure 1, observation windows 8 are installed on each outer surface of the housing 2 via tubular connecting parts 9, but the observation windows 8 may also be installed directly on the housing 2. Although not shown in Figure 1, a sealing member is usually interposed between the observation window 8 and the connecting part 9. Fluororubber, silicone rubber, etc., are used as the sealing member. Although not shown in Figure 1, it is preferable that a cooling jacket be installed around the periphery of the observation window 8 to prevent damage to the sealing member and the observation window 8 from radiant heat from the carbon heater 3 and the test specimen 4.

[0020] The distance between the observation window 8 and the test specimen 4 is preferably 50 to 500 mm. A distance of 50 mm or more prevents damage to the sealing member and the observation window 8 from radiant heat from the carbon heater 3 and the test specimen 4. A distance of 60 mm or more is more preferable, 80 mm or more is even preferable, 100 mm or more is particularly preferable, and 120 mm or more is most preferable. On the other hand, a distance of 500 mm or less further improves measurement accuracy. A distance of 400 mm or less is more preferable, 300 mm or less is even preferable, 200 mm or less is particularly preferable, and 180 mm or less is most preferable.

[0021] Furthermore, it is preferable to install a reflector between the observation window 8 and the carbon heater 3, from the viewpoint of preventing damage to the sealing member and observation window 8 due to radiant heat from the carbon heater 3 and the test specimen 4, and from the viewpoint that it may be effective to narrow the observation range depending on the purpose of observation. For example, a circular opening type or a slit opening type can be used as the reflector. The material of the reflector is not particularly limited, but stainless steel, titanium, etc. are preferred.

[0022] Although not shown in Figure 1, measuring instruments for measuring the physical properties of the test specimen 4 are installed on the outside of the housing 2 of the apparatus 1 of the present invention. The measuring instruments are positioned so that the physical properties of the test specimen 4 can be measured through the observation windows 8. The number of measuring instruments can be appropriately determined depending on the physical properties to be measured and the type of test specimen 4, but it is preferable to have at least two, with one near the side observation window 8 and one near the top observation window 8. Multiple measuring instruments may be installed near one observation window 8. Figure 3 is an example of a photograph of the external appearance of measuring instruments installed on the outside of the housing 2. In the apparatus 1 shown in Figure 3, a camera is installed as a measuring instrument in a position opposite the observation window 8 installed on the front side of the housing 2, and two-color radiation thermometers are installed as measuring instruments near the observation windows 8 installed on the front side and bottom of the housing 2, respectively. The physical properties of the test specimen 4 are measured by these measuring instruments through the observation windows 8. The type of measuring instrument can be selected according to the physical properties to be measured and the type of test specimen 4, and is not particularly limited, but examples include cameras, thermometers, and dimensional measuring instruments, with cameras or thermometers being preferred. As for the cameras, in the visible region, CCD cameras, CMOS cameras, FOVEON X3, organic thin-film image sensors, etc. can be used, and in the infrared region, HgCdTe, InSb, PtSi, QWIP, InGaAs, InAsSb, T2SL, microbolometers, etc. can be used. The thermometer may be one that can measure temperature distribution. Examples of thermometers include two-color radiation thermometers and thermal imaging thermometers. In addition, if necessary, other measuring instruments other than the measuring instrument for measuring the physical properties of the test specimen through the observation window 8 described above may be installed inside or outside the housing 2, and examples of such other measuring instruments include voltmeters, gas monitors, stress meters, etc.

[0023] Although not shown in Figures 1 and 4, the enclosure 2 is typically further equipped with gas inlets, gas outlets, vents, internal cooling water inlets, signal input / output ports, etc.

[0024] According to the apparatus 1 of the present invention, the test specimen 4 is heated to an extremely high temperature in a short time, and the test specimen 4 and the apparatus 1 are cooled in a short time, allowing measurements to be repeated at short intervals. Furthermore, since the housing 2 does not become very hot, there are few restrictions on the position, size, and number of observation windows 8. For these reasons, various physical properties of the test specimen 4 can be easily measured over a wide temperature range using measuring instruments on the outside of the housing 2. Among these, the apparatus 1 of the present invention is particularly suitable for use as a state observation device. Examples of such state observation devices include contact angle measuring devices, thermal conductivity measuring devices, specific heat measuring devices, thermal diffusivity measuring devices, spalling measuring devices, and expansion and contraction measuring devices, among which contact angle measuring devices and thermal conductivity measuring devices are preferred, and contact angle measuring devices are more preferred.

[0025] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for measuring a test specimen 4 using the apparatus 1, which includes the steps of heating the test specimen 4 with the carbon heater 3 and measuring the test specimen 4 using the measuring instrument.

[0026] The measurement method will now be described. In this invention, the type of test specimen 4 is not particularly limited and includes metals, ceramics, refractories, and heat-resistant materials. In this invention, the size of the test specimen 4 is not particularly limited, but usually the distance between the two furthest points of the test specimen 4 is 1 to 100 mm. The distance is preferably 70 mm or less, and more preferably 60 mm or less.

[0027] Typically, the test specimen 4 is placed on the lower carbon heater 3. The number of test specimens 4 measured at one time may be one or two or more. For example, when measuring the contact angle, a plate-shaped test specimen 4 made of ceramics or the like is placed on the lower carbon heater 3, and a test specimen 4 that melts when heated, such as a metal, is placed on top of the test specimen 4. After heating these, the contact angle of the molten test specimen 4 with respect to the plate-shaped test specimen 4 can be measured. From the viewpoint of heating the test specimen 4 more efficiently, it is preferable to place the test specimen 4 directly on the lower carbon heater 3.

[0028] The test specimen 4 is measured using the measuring instrument located on the outside of the housing 2. Figure 4 shows an example of the configuration of the measuring instrument when performing contact angle measurement or thermal conductivity measurement. As shown, the main camera is installed near the observation window 8 on the front side of the housing 2, and thermometers (two-color radiation thermometer, two-color thermal imaging measurement system) are installed near the observation windows 8 on the rear side, top, and bottom. When performing contact angle measurement, the temperatures of the upper and lower carbon heaters 3 are measured using the thermometers on the top and bottom sides, and the temperature of the test specimen 4 is measured using the thermometer on the rear side. The contact angle of the molten test specimen 4 is then measured by the main camera on the front side. The thermal conductivity of the test specimen 4 is determined by measuring the temperature gradient from the bottom to the top of the test specimen 4 using the thermometers on the top, rear, and bottom sides. It is also possible to take videos of the test specimen 4 during heating and cooling using the camera, and to measure the temperature distribution of the test specimen 4 using the thermometers, so that various physical properties of various test specimens 4 can be measured using the measuring instrument located on the outside of the housing 2.

[0029] It is preferable to heat the test specimen 4 under a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as an inert atmosphere (e.g., an argon atmosphere, a nitrogen atmosphere), a vacuum, or a reducing atmosphere.

[0030] The test specimen 4 may be heated using only the lower carbon heater 3, or a carbon heater 3 may be placed above the test specimen 4 and both the lower and upper carbon heaters 3 may be used. When measuring the contact angle, it is preferable to heat the test specimen 4 using both the lower and upper carbon heaters 3, and when measuring the thermal conductivity, it is preferable to heat the test specimen 4 using only the lower carbon heater 3.

[0031] The voltage applied to the carbon heater 3 when heating the test specimen 4 is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 20V. The current can be either AC or DC. The heating rate when heating the test specimen 4 with the carbon heater 3 can be set appropriately according to the physical properties to be measured and is not particularly limited, but 50 to 20000°C / min is preferred. To make the most of the features of the apparatus 1 of the present invention, a heating rate of 100°C / min or more is more preferred, 1000°C / min or more is even more preferred, 2000°C / min or more is particularly preferred, and 4000°C / min or more is most preferred.

[0032] The maximum temperature of the test specimen 4 during heating is not particularly limited, but 500 to 3000°C is preferred. According to the apparatus 1 of the present invention, the test specimen 4 is heated to an extremely high temperature in a short time, and cooling is also possible in a short time. Moreover, the measurement interval is short. To make the most of these features, the maximum temperature is more preferably 1000°C or higher, and even more preferably 1500°C or higher. The heating time is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 seconds to 60 minutes.

[0033] Preferably, the measurement method further includes a step of cooling the test specimen 4. The rate of cooling of the test specimen 4 can be set appropriately according to the physical properties to be measured and is not particularly limited, but 50 to 20000°C / min is preferred. From the viewpoint of making better use of the features of the apparatus 1 of the present invention, a cooling rate of 100°C / min or more is more preferred, 1000°C / min or more is even more preferred, 2000°C / min or more is particularly preferred, and 4000°C / min or more is most preferred. When using apparatus 1, the test specimen 4 can be cooled at such a high speed simply by stopping the application of voltage to the carbon heater 3.

[0034] According to the above measurement method, the test specimen 4 is heated to an extremely high temperature in a short time, and cooling is also possible in a short time. Moreover, the measurement interval is short. Therefore, this measurement method can be used to measure various physical properties of various test specimens 4. For example, it is suitably used to measure the contact angle of molten material; the thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal diffusivity, expansion coefficient, contraction coefficient, and thermal shock characteristics of various materials; and the spalling of refractories. Among these, a more preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for measuring the contact angle of a test specimen 4 using the apparatus 1, which includes the steps of heating and melting the test specimen 4 with the carbon heater 3 and measuring the contact angle of the molten test specimen 4 using the camera. [Examples]

[0035] The present invention will be described in more detail below using examples.

[0036] Example 1 A heating test of test specimen 4 was performed using the apparatus 1 shown in Figures 1 and 4. Test specimen 4 was a square alumina ceramic "SSA-S" manufactured by Nikkatoh Co., Ltd., with sides of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Test specimen 4 was placed on the top surface of the heating section 5 of the carbon heater 3 (resistance value 0.002~0.02 Ω), which was a square with sides of 30 mm. Figure 4 shows the configuration of the measuring instrument. As shown in Figure 4, a camera for recording video of test specimen 4 was installed near the observation window 8 on the front side of the housing 2. Two-color radiation thermometers ("IR-CZH8N3" manufactured by Chino Corporation) for measuring test specimen 4 and carbon heater 3 were installed near the observation windows 8 on the rear side and bottom of the housing 2, respectively. A two-color thermal imaging system ("Thermera SeenU" manufactured by Novitec Co., Ltd.) for measuring test specimen 4 and carbon heater 3 was installed near the observation window 8 on the top of the housing 2.

[0037] After degassing the inside of the enclosure 2, a voltage was applied to the carbon heater 3 on the underside of the test specimen 4 under conditions of an argon gas flow rate of 1 l / min, and the temperature change was measured using a two-color radiation thermometer and a two-color thermal imaging system. Figure 5 is a graph plotting the voltage applied to the carbon heater 3 against time. During measurement, water was flowed through the cooling jacket installed around the observation window 8 and the cooling pipes in the fixing part 6 to cool the sealing member, observation window 8, and fixing part 6. Figure 6 shows the temperature distribution measured by the two-color thermal imaging system on the top side 20 seconds after the start of voltage application. At this time, the temperature of the heating part 5 was approximately 1900°C, and the temperature of the test specimen 4 was approximately 1660°C. The heating rate of the test specimen 4 measured by the two-color thermal imaging system on the top side was 5400°C / min. Furthermore, when the voltage application to the carbon heater 3 was stopped, the test specimen 4 cooled at a rate of more than 2000°C / min. Measurement results from the two-color thermal imaging system on the top surface and the two-color radiation thermometers on the rear side and bottom surface confirmed a thermal gradient from the bottom to the top surface of the test specimen 4, reflecting the heat transfer characteristics of the alumina ceramics, demonstrating that the thermal conductivity of the test specimen 4 can be measured.

[0038] Example 2 The contact angle of molten steel to refractory brick was measured using the apparatus 1 shown in Figures 1 and 4. A square Al2O3-SiO2 refractory brick SK34 with sides of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm was placed on the upper surface of the heating section 5 (a square with sides of 30 mm) of the carbon heater 3, and a cubic steel material SS400 with sides of 2.5 mm was placed on top of the refractory brick. In addition, although not shown in Figures 1 and 4, a carbon heater 3 similar to the above was placed above the test specimen 4 with the heating section 5 on the lower side.

[0039] After degassing the inside of the enclosure 2, voltage was applied to the upper and lower carbon heaters 3 under conditions of argon gas flow rate of 1 l / min, as shown in Figure 5, and the temperature change was measured with each two-color radiation thermometer. Figure 7 shows images of the carbon heaters 3 and test specimen 4 taken with the front side camera 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 60 seconds, and 63 seconds after the start of voltage application. Temperature 1, indicated in the lower right of each image, is the temperature of the steel material SS400 measured with the two-color radiation thermometer on the side, and Temperature 2 is the temperature of the carbon heater 3 measured with the two-color radiation thermometer on the bottom.

[0040] As shown in Figure 7, the temperature of test specimen 4 (SS400 steel) followed the temperature of carbon heater 3 well, and 60 seconds after the start of heating, the temperatures of carbon heater 3 and test specimen 4 (SS400 steel) were almost identical, indicating that uniform heating was maintained. The contact angle of the molten steel with respect to the refractory brick, photographed 63 seconds after the start of heating, was 105.9° when determined by the 2θ method and 104.5° when determined by the tangential method. The heating rate and cooling rate of the SS400 steel, measured with a two-color radiation thermometer on the side, were both over 2000°C / min. [Explanation of symbols]

[0041] 1 device 2 cabinets 3. Carbon Heater 4 Test specimens 5 Heating section 6 Fixed part 7 terminals 8 Observation window 9 Connection part

Claims

1. A device for measuring the physical properties of a test specimen under high temperature conditions, Plate-shaped carbon heaters are arranged on the lower side of the test specimen, or on both the lower and upper sides. The test specimen is placed on the lower carbon heater, The carbon heater is housed in a stainless steel casing. Observation windows are provided on at least the side and top surfaces of the housing. A measuring instrument for measuring the physical properties of the test specimen is installed on the outside of the housing through the observation window. A device in which no insulating material is placed inside or on the outside of the aforementioned enclosure.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measuring instrument is a camera or a thermometer.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, which is a state observation device.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the state observation device is a contact angle measuring device.

5. A method for measuring a test specimen using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of heating the test specimen with the carbon heater and measuring the test specimen using the measuring instrument.

6. A method for measuring the contact angle of a test specimen using the apparatus according to claim 4, comprising the steps of heating and melting the test specimen with the carbon heater, and measuring the contact angle of the molten test specimen using a camera as a measuring instrument.

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