Indication device

Abstract

To provide a display device having a configuration and structure with which it is possible to reliably and accurately control a state in which an image from the display device is emitted toward a certain region of an external space.SOLUTION: A display device has a display panel provided with a plurality of light emitting elements 10 including a light emitting part 30, and a lens member 50 through which light emitted from the light emitting part 30 passes. When a distance (an offset amount) between a normal LN passing through a center of the light emitting part 30 and a normal LN' passing through a center of the lens member 50 is defined as D0, a value of the distance (offset amount) D0 is not 0 in at least some of the light emitting elements 10 provided in the display panel.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure relates to a display device comprising a plurality of light-emitting elements. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the development of display devices (organic EL displays) using organic electroluminescent (EL) elements as light-emitting elements has progressed. In these display devices, for example, a first electrode (lower electrode) is formed separately for each pixel, on which an organic layer including at least a light-emitting layer and a second electrode (upper electrode) are formed. For example, a red light-emitting element formed by combining a white-emitting organic layer with a red color filter, a green light-emitting element formed by combining a white-emitting organic layer with a green color filter, and a blue light-emitting element formed by combining a white-emitting organic layer with a blue color filter are each provided as sub-pixels, and one pixel is composed of these sub-pixels.

[0003] Furthermore, in order to reduce color shift associated with changes in the viewing angle, a technique is known from Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-120731 in which the shape of the lens member is varied according to the film thickness of the color filter provided on each light-emitting element. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-120731 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] However, the above-mentioned patent publications describe a technique for controlling the direction of light emitted from the light-emitting layer and passing through a lens member, depending on the position of the light-emitting element in a display device. It is not mentioned. In other words, there is no mention of to which area of ​​the external space the image from the display device is projected, or in what state.

[0006] Therefore, the object of this disclosure is to provide a display device with a configuration and structure that can reliably and accurately control to which area of ​​the external space the image from the display device is emitted and in what state. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The display device of this disclosure for achieving the above objectives is: Light-emitting part, and, A lens component (on-chip microlens) through which light emitted from the light-emitting part passes, A display device having a display panel equipped with a plurality of light-emitting elements, When D0 is defined as the distance (offset amount) between the normal vector passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector passing through the center of the lens member, the value of distance (offset amount) D0 is not 0 in at least a portion of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] Figure 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located within the reference point) that constitutes the display device of Example 1. [Figure 2] Figure 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes the display device of Example 1. [Figure 3] Figures 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing the positional relationship between the light-emitting element and the reference point in the display device of Example 1. [Figure 4] Figures 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D schematically show the change in D0-X in response to a change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to a change in D1-Y. [Figure 5] Figures 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D schematically show the change in D0-X in relation to the change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in relation to the change in D1-Y. [Figure 6] Figures 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D schematically show the change in D0-X in response to a change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to a change in D1-Y. [Figure 7] Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D schematically show the change in D0-X in response to a change in D1-X, and the change in D0-Y in response to a change in D1-Y. [Figure 8] Figures 8A and 8B schematically show an example of the arrangement of the light-emitting section, color filter layer, and lens member in the display device of Embodiment 1. [Figure 9] Figure 9A is a graph showing the simulation results of the relationship between the ray angle θ (in degrees) and the amount of light (luminance) when the distance D0 is changed, and Figure 9B is a graph showing the increase in the amount of light (luminance) compared to the case of a conventional display device. [Figure 10] Figure 10 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes a modified example-1 of the display device of Example 1. [Figure 11] Figure 11 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes a modified example-2 of the display device of Example 1. [Figure 12] Figures 12A and 12B schematically show the positional relationship between the light-emitting element and the reference point in the display device of Example 2. [Figure 13] Figure 13 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located within the reference point) that constitutes the display device of Example 3. [Figure 14] Figure 14 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes the display device of Embodiment 3. [Figure 15] Figure 15 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element (located within the reference point) that constitutes the display device of Example 4. [Figure 16] Figure 16 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes the display device of Embodiment 4. [Figure 17]Figure 17 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located within the reference point) that constitutes Modification 3 of the display device of Example 1. [Figure 18] Figure 18 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes Modification 3 of the display device of Example 1. [Figure 19] Figure 19 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located within the reference point) that constitutes a modified example-4 of the display device of Example 1. [Figure 20] Figure 20 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes Modification 4 of the display device of Example 1. [Figure 21] Figure 21 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes a modified example-1 of the display device of Example 3. [Figure 22] Figures 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22D schematically show the arrangement of light-emitting elements in the display device of Example 1. [Figure 23] Figures 23A and 23B, and Figures 23C and 23D schematically show the arrangement relationship between the second electrode and the color filter layer in the display device of Example 1. [Figure 24] Figures 24A, 24B, and 24C are schematic partial end views of a substrate and the like, illustrating the manufacturing method of the lens component in the light-emitting element of Embodiment 1 shown in Figure 1. [Figure 25] Figure 25 is a conceptual diagram of the image display device that constitutes the head-mounted display of Example 5. [Figure 26] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the head-mounted display of Example 5, viewed from above. [Figure 27] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the head-mounted display of Example 5, viewed from the front. [Figure 28] Figures 28A and 28B are schematic diagrams of the head-mounted display of Example 5 viewed from the side, and schematic cross-sectional views showing a magnified portion of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating in the head-mounted display of Example 5, respectively. [Figure 29] Figures 29A and 29B show an example of applying the display device of this disclosure to a lens-interchangeable mirrorless type digital still camera, with Figure 29A showing a front view of the digital still camera and Figure 29B showing a rear view. [Figure 30] Figures 30A, 30B, and 30C are conceptual diagrams illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting section, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens element, and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength selection section. [Figure 31] Figure 31 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting section, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens component, and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting section. [Figure 32] Figures 32A and 32B are conceptual diagrams illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting section, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens element, and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength selection section. [Figure 33] Figure 33 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting section, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens element, and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength selection section. [Figure 34] Figures 34A and 34B are conceptual diagrams of the first and second examples of light-emitting elements having a resonator structure. [Figure 35] Figures 35A and 35B are conceptual diagrams of a third and fourth example of a light-emitting element having a resonator structure. [Figure 36] Figures 36A and 36B are conceptual diagrams of the fifth and sixth examples of light-emitting elements having a resonator structure. [Figure 37] Figure 37A is a conceptual diagram of the seventh example of a light-emitting element having a resonator structure, and Figures 37B and 37C are conceptual diagrams of the eighth example of a light-emitting element having a resonator structure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] The present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings and based on examples. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these examples, and the various numerical values ​​and materials in the examples are illustrative. The explanation is as follows: Do it in order. 1. Description of the Display Devices in this Disclosure in General 2. Example 1 (Display Device) 3. Example 2 (Variation of Example 1) 4. Example 3 (Variation of Examples 1 and 2) 5. Example 4 (Another variation of Examples 1 and 2) 6. Example 5 (An example in which the display devices of Examples 1 to 4 are applied to a head-mounted display) 7. Other

[0010] <General description of the display device in this disclosure> In the display device of this disclosure, a reference point (reference area) is assumed, and the distance D0 can be configured to depend on the distance D1 from the reference point (reference area) to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part. The reference point (reference area) may include a certain degree of extent.

[0011] Here, the various normals are lines perpendicular to the light-emitting surface of the display panel. Also, the various orthogonal projections described later are orthogonal projections onto the light-emitting surface of the display panel.

[0012] In the display device of this disclosure, including the preferred embodiment described above, the reference point may be configured to be located within the display panel, in which case the reference point may not be located in the central region of the display panel, or the reference point may be located in the central region of the display panel, and furthermore, in these cases, there may be one reference point, or there may be multiple reference points. In these cases, the value of distance D0 may be 0 for some light-emitting elements, and the value of distance D0 may be non-zero for the remaining light-emitting elements.

[0013] Alternatively, in a display device of the present disclosure including the above-described preferred embodiment, if one reference point is assumed, the reference point may be configured not to be included in the central region of the display panel, or the reference point may be included in the central region of the display panel. Furthermore, if multiple reference points are assumed, at least one reference point may be configured not to be included in the central region of the display panel.

[0014] Alternatively, in a display device of the present disclosure including the preferred embodiment described above, the reference point may be configured to be located outside the display panel, in which case there may be one reference point or multiple reference points. In these cases, the value of distance D0 may be non-zero for all light-emitting elements.

[0015] Furthermore, in the display device of this disclosure, including the preferred forms and configurations described above, the light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the lens member may be concentrated (focused) in a certain area of ​​space outside the display device, or the light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the lens member may diverge in space outside the display device, or the light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the lens member may be parallel light.

[0016] Furthermore, in the display devices of this disclosure, including the preferred forms and configurations described above, the value of the distance (offset amount) D0 can be different depending on the position of the light-emitting element on the display panel. Specifically, A reference point has been set, Multiple light-emitting elements are arranged in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction. Let D1 be the distance from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part, and let D0 be the value of the first direction and the second direction of the distance D0. 0-X ,D 0-Y Let D1 be the value of the first direction and the second direction. 1-X ,D 1-YWhen D 1-X changes with respect to D 0-X changes linearly, and D 1-Y changes with respect to D 0-Y changes linearly, or D 1-X changes with respect to D 0-X changes linearly, and D 1-Y changes with respect to D 0-Y changes non - linearly, or D 1-X changes with respect to D 0-X changes non - linearly, and D 1-Y changes with respect to D 0-Y changes linearly, or D 1-X changes with respect to D 0-X changes non - linearly, and D 1-Y changes with respect to D 0-Y can be in a form that changes non - linearly.

[0017] Alternatively, in the display device of the present disclosure including the preferred forms and configurations described above, a reference point is set, when the distance from the reference point to the normal passing through the center of the light - emitting part is defined as D1, as the value of the distance D1 increases, the value of the distance D0 can increase.

[0018] Here, when D 1-X changes with respect to D 0-X changes linearly, and D 1-Y changes with respect to D 0-Y changes linearly, it means D 0-X = k X ·D 1-X D 0-Y = k Y ·D 1-Y holds. However, k X , k Y is a constant. That is, D 0-X , D 0-Y changes based on a linear function. On the other hand, when D 1-X changes with respect to D0-X It changes nonlinearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y To say that it changes linearly means D 0-X =f X (D 1-X ) D 0-Y =f Y (D 1-Y ) This means that the following holds true. Here, f X ,f Y It is a function that is not a linear function (for example, a quadratic function).

[0019] Or, D 1-X D in response to changes 0-X Changes, D 1-Y D in response to changes 0-Y The change can also be represented as a step-like change. In this case, when the step-like change is viewed as a whole, the change can be represented as a linear change or as a nonlinear change. Furthermore, when the display panel is divided into M x N regions, within one region, D 1-X D in response to changes 0-X Changes, D 1-Y D in response to changes 0-Y The change in [the element] may be considered constant or constant. While not limiting, the number of light-emitting elements within a single region can be given as 10 × 10.

[0020] Furthermore, in the display device of this disclosure, including the preferred forms and configurations described above, a wavelength selector can be provided on the light incident side or light output side of the lens member, in which case the orthogonal projection image of the lens member can coincide with or be included in the orthogonal projection image of the wavelength selector. By adopting the latter configuration, the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements can be reliably suppressed. Furthermore, in these cases, in a light-emitting element where the value of distance D0 is not 0, (a) The normal vector passing through the center of the wavelength selection section coincides with the normal vector passing through the center of the light-emitting section. (b) The normal vector passing through the center of the wavelength selection section coincides with the normal vector passing through the center of the lens element. (c) A configuration in which the normal passing through the center of the wavelength selection section does not coincide with the normal passing through the center of the light-emitting section, and the normal passing through the center of the wavelength selection section does not coincide with the normal passing through the center of the lens material. (b) or (c) By adopting the latter configuration, the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements can be reliably suppressed. Note that the center of the wavelength selection section is The wavelength-selecting portion refers to the centroid of the area occupied by the wavelength-selecting portion. Alternatively, if the planar shape of the wavelength-selecting portion is circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, or regular polygonal, the center of these shapes corresponds to the center of the wavelength-selecting portion. If a part of these shapes is cut out, the center of the shape that completes the cut-out portion corresponds to the center of the wavelength-selecting portion. If these shapes are connected, the center of the shape that completes the removed portion after removing the connecting part corresponds to the center of the wavelength-selecting portion. Furthermore, in these cases, a light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) can be formed between the wavelength-selecting portions of adjacent light-emitting elements, thereby reliably suppressing the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements. The wavelength-selecting portion can be composed of, for example, a color filter layer, which is made of a resin to which a coloring agent consisting of a desired pigment or dye is added. By selecting the pigment or dye, the light transmittance is adjusted to be high in the desired wavelength range of red, green, blue, etc., and low in other wavelength ranges. Alternatively, the wavelength-selective section may be composed of photonic crystals, wavelength-selective elements utilizing plasmons (a color filter layer having a conductive lattice structure with a lattice-like hole structure in a conductive thin film; see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-177191), thin films made of inorganic materials such as amorphous silicon, or quantum dots. The following explanation will use the color filter layer as a representative example of the wavelength-selective section, but the wavelength-selective section is not limited to the color filter layer. Furthermore, the size of the wavelength-selective section (e.g., the color filter layer) may be appropriately changed in response to the light emitted by the light-emitting element, and if a light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) is provided between the wavelength-selective sections (e.g., color filter layers) of adjacent light-emitting elements, the size of the light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) may be appropriately changed in response to the light emitted by the light-emitting element.

[0021] Furthermore, in the display device of this disclosure, including the preferred forms and configurations described above, a light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) can be formed between adjacent lens members, which also reliably suppresses the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements.

[0022] These light-absorbing layers (black matrix layers) consist, for example, of a black resin film with an optical density of 1 or more, mixed with a black coloring agent (specifically, for example, a black polyimide resin), or of a thin-film filter that utilizes thin-film interference. The thin-film filter consists of two or more layers of thin films made of, for example, metal, metal nitride, or metal oxide, and attenuates light by utilizing thin-film interference. As a specific example of a thin-film filter, one can be cited as one in which Cr and chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3) are alternately layered.

[0023] Furthermore, in the display device of this disclosure, including the preferred forms and configurations described above, the light-emitting portion provided in the light-emitting element may include an organic electroluminescent layer. That is, the display device of this disclosure, including the various preferred forms and configurations described above, may consist of an organic electroluminescent display device (organic EL display device), and the light-emitting element may consist of an organic electroluminescent element (organic EL element). Alternatively, the light-emitting portion may include a light-emitting diode (LED).

[0024] The normal vector passing through the center of the lens element coincides with the optical axis of the lens element. The lens element can be hemispherical, composed of a part of a sphere, or composed of a truncated cone (a three-dimensional shape in which the cross-sectional shape of the lens element obtained when it is cut by a virtual plane containing the optical axis of the lens element is trapezoidal), or composed of a rectangular (square or rectangle) cross-sectional shape obtained when it is cut by a virtual plane containing the optical axis of the lens element, and more broadly, it can be composed of a shape suitable for functioning as a lens. The lens element (on-chip microlens) can be made of, for example, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, or polycarbonate. It can be composed of transparent resin materials such as tungsten resin and polyimide resin, and transparent inorganic materials such as SiO2. The transparent resin material can be obtained by melt flow, or by etch-back, or by a combination of photolithography using a gray tone mask and etching, or by forming the transparent resin material into a lens shape based on nanoprinting. A planarization film made of the same material as the lens member may be formed between the color filter layer and the lens member.

[0025] In the display device of this disclosure, the arrangement of pixels (or sub-pixels) can be a delta array, or a stripe array, a diagonal array, a rectangle array, or a pentile array. The arrangement of the wavelength selection section may also be a delta array, or a stripe array, a diagonal array, a rectangle array, or a pentile array, in accordance with the arrangement of pixels (or sub-pixels).

[0026] The display device can be used, for example, as a monitor device that constitutes a personal computer, as a monitor device incorporated into a television receiver, mobile phone, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), game console, or as a display device incorporated into a projector. Alternatively, it can be applied to an electronic viewfinder (EVF) or a head-mounted display (HMD), and can be applied to a display device for VR (Virtual Reality), MR (Mixed Reality), or AR (Augmented Reality). Furthermore, it can be used to configure image display devices for electronic paper such as e-books and electronic newspapers, billboards such as signs, posters, and blackboards, rewritable paper as a substitute for printer paper, displays for home appliances, card displays such as point cards, electronic advertisements, and electronic point-of-purchase (POP). The display device of this disclosure can be used as a light-emitting device to configure various lighting devices, including backlight devices and planar light source devices for liquid crystal display devices.

[0027] Head-mounted displays include, for example, (i) A frame to be attached to the observer's head, and (b) Image display device mounted on a frame, It is equipped with, The image display device is (A) An image forming apparatus equipped with the display device of the present disclosure, and (B) An optical device into which light emitted from an image forming apparatus is incident and emitted, It is equipped with, Optical devices are (B-1) A light guide plate through which light incident from an image forming apparatus (specifically, the display device of this disclosure) propagates by total internal reflection and is then emitted toward the observer. (B-2) A first deflection means (e.g., composed of a volume hologram diffraction grating) for deflecting light incident on the light guide plate so that the light incident on the light guide plate is totally reflected inside the light guide plate, and (B-3) A second deflection means (for example, composed of a volume hologram diffraction grating) that deflects the light propagated by total internal reflection inside the light guide plate multiple times in order to cause the light propagated by total internal reflection inside the light guide plate to exit the light guide plate. It is equipped with.

[0028] Alternatively, the head-mounted display could be, for example, a retinal projection display based on Maxwell's vision, specifically a retinal projection head-mounted display, which displays an image by directly projecting an image (light beam) onto the observer's retina.

[0029] The following description will focus on a configuration in which the light-emitting portion of the light-emitting element includes an organic electroluminescent layer, that is, a configuration in which the display device of this disclosure is composed of an organic electroluminescent display device (organic EL display device).

[0030] The display device is The first substrate, and the second substrate, and, Multiple light-emitting elements are located between the first substrate and the second substrate and are arranged in a two-dimensional manner. It is equipped with, The light-emitting element includes a light-emitting part, The light-emitting part provided on the substrate formed on the first substrate is first electrode, Second electrode, and, An organic layer (including an organic electroluminescent layer and a light-emitting layer) sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode, It has at least the following features: Light from the organic layer is emitted to the outside through the second substrate, or to the outside through the first substrate.

[0031] In other words, the display device of this disclosure can be a top-emission type display device (top-emitting display device) that emits light from a second substrate, or a bottom-emission type display device (bottom-emitting display device) that emits light from a first substrate.

[0032] As described above, the light-emitting section consists of a first electrode, an organic layer, and a second electrode. The center of the light-emitting section refers to the centroid of the area of ​​the region (light-emitting region) where the electrode on the first substrate and the organic layer are in contact. The electrode on the first substrate can be in contact with a part of the organic layer, or the organic layer can be in contact with a part of the electrode on the first substrate. Specifically, the size of the electrode on the first substrate can be smaller than that of the organic layer, or the size of the electrode on the first substrate can be the same as that of the organic layer, but an insulating layer can be formed in a part between the electrode on the first substrate and the organic layer, or the size of the electrode on the first substrate can be larger than that of the organic layer.

[0033] Furthermore, the organic layer can be configured to emit white light, and in this case, the organic layer can be configured to consist of at least two light-emitting layers that emit different colors. Specifically, the organic layer can have a laminated structure in which three layers are stacked: a red light-emitting layer that emits red light (wavelength: 620 nm to 750 nm), a green light-emitting layer that emits green light (wavelength: 495 nm to 570 nm), and a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue light (wavelength: 450 nm to 495 nm), and the whole structure emits white light. Alternatively, the organic layer can have a structure in which two layers are stacked: a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue light and a yellow light-emitting layer that emits yellow light, and the whole structure emits white light. Alternatively, the organic layer can have a structure in which two layers are stacked: a blue light-emitting layer that emits blue light and an orange light-emitting layer that emits orange light, and the whole structure emits white light. The organic layer may be common to multiple light-emitting elements, or it may be provided individually in each light-emitting element. Then, by combining such a white-emitting organic layer (light-emitting part) with a red color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a red color filter layer), a red light-emitting element is constructed. By combining a white-emitting organic layer (light-emitting part) with a green color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a green color filter layer), a green light-emitting element is constructed. By combining a white-emitting organic layer (light-emitting part) with a blue color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a blue color filter layer), a blue light-emitting element is constructed. The planarization layer will be described later. As described above, one pixel is formed by a combination of subpixels such as red light-emitting elements, green light-emitting elements, and blue light-emitting elements. It is configured as follows. In some cases, one pixel may be composed of a red light-emitting element, a green light-emitting element, a blue light-emitting element, and a light-emitting element that emits white (or a fourth color) light (or a light-emitting element that emits complementary color light). It can also be a display device that generates a monochrome image. In a configuration consisting of at least two light-emitting layers that emit different colors, in practice, the light-emitting layers that emit different colors may be mixed and not clearly separated into each layer.

[0034] Alternatively, the organic layer may consist of a single light-emitting layer. In this case, the light-emitting element can be composed of, for example, a red light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a green light-emitting layer, or a blue light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a blue light-emitting layer. In the case of a color display device, one pixel is composed of these three types of light-emitting elements (sub-pixels). Alternatively, it can be composed of a laminated structure of a red light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a green light-emitting layer, and a blue light-emitting element having an organic layer containing a blue light-emitting layer. In principle, the formation of a color filter layer is not necessary, but a color filter layer may be provided to improve color purity.

[0035] The substrate is formed on or above the first substrate. Examples of materials constituting the substrate include insulating materials such as SiO2, SiN, and SiON. The substrate can be formed using a method suitable for the material constituting the substrate, specifically, known methods such as various CVD methods, various coating methods, various PVD methods including sputtering and vacuum deposition, various printing methods such as screen printing, plating, electrodeposition, immersion, and sol-gel methods.

[0036] A light-emitting element drive unit is provided below or below the substrate, although this is not limited to such units. The light-emitting element drive unit consists of, for example, transistors (specifically, MOSFETs, for example) formed on the silicon semiconductor substrate constituting the first substrate, or thin-film transistors (TFTs) provided on various substrates constituting the first substrate. The transistors or TFTs constituting the light-emitting element drive unit and the electrodes on the first substrate side can be connected via contact holes (contact plugs) formed in the substrate or the like. The light-emitting element drive unit can have a well-known circuit configuration. The electrodes on the second substrate side are connected to the light-emitting element drive unit via contact holes (contact plugs) formed in the substrate or the like at the outer periphery of the display panel.

[0037] The electrodes on the first substrate are provided for each light-emitting element. The organic layer is provided for each light-emitting element, or it is provided in common for all light-emitting elements. The electrodes on the second substrate may be common electrodes for multiple light-emitting elements. That is, the electrodes on the second substrate may be so-called solid electrodes. The first substrate is located below or beneath the base body, and the second substrate is located above the second electrodes. Light-emitting elements are formed on the first substrate, and the light-emitting part is provided on the base body.

[0038] The first or second substrate can be made from a silicon semiconductor substrate, a high-strain point glass substrate, a soda glass (Na2O·CaO·SiO2) substrate, a borosilicate glass (Na2O·B2O3·SiO2) substrate, a forsterite (2MgO·SiO2) substrate, a lead glass (Na2O·PbO·SiO2) substrate, various glass substrates with an insulating material layer formed on the surface, a quartz substrate, a quartz substrate with an insulating material layer formed on the surface, or an organic polymer (in the form of a flexible plastic film, plastic sheet, or plastic substrate made from a polymer material) such as polymethyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylphenol (PVP), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The materials constituting the first and second substrates may be the same or different. However, in the case of a top-emitting display device... In addition, the second substrate is required to be transparent to light from the light-emitting element, and in the case of a bottom-emitting display device, the first substrate is required to be transparent to light from the light-emitting element.

[0039] When the first electrode is to function as an anode electrode, examples of materials that can be used to constitute the first electrode include metals or alloys with high work functions such as platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and tantalum (Ta). These include Ag-Pd-Cu alloys, Al-Nd alloys, Al-Cu alloys, and Al-Cu-Ni alloys, which are mainly composed of silver and contain 0.3 to 1 mass% of palladium (Pd) and 0.3 to 1 mass% of copper (Cu). Furthermore, when conductive materials with low work functions and high light reflectivity, such as aluminum (Al) and aluminum-containing alloys, are used, they can be used as anode electrodes by improving the hole injection characteristics by providing an appropriate hole injection layer. Examples of first electrode thicknesses include 0.1 μm to 1 μm. Alternatively, if a light-reflecting layer, as described later, is provided, the first electrode is required to be transparent to light from the light-emitting element. Therefore, the materials constituting the first electrode include indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO, Indium Tin Oxide, Sn-doped In2O3, crystalline ITO and amorphous ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO, Indium Zinc Examples of transparent conductive materials include transparent conductive materials with matrix layers such as Oxide, indium-gallium oxide (IGO), indium-doped gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO, In-GaZnO4), IFO (F-doped In2O3), ITiO (Ti-doped In2O3), InSn, InSnZnO, tin oxide (SnO2), ATO (Sb-doped SnO2), FTO (F-doped SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide-doped zinc oxide (AZO), gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO), B-doped ZnO, AlMgZnO (aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide-doped zinc oxide), antimony oxide, titanium oxide, NiO, spinel-type oxides, oxides having a YbFe2O4 structure, gallium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, nickel oxide, etc.Alternatively, a structure can be constructed in which a transparent conductive material with excellent hole injection properties, such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) or indium-zinc oxide (IZO), is laminated on a highly light-reflective reflective film, such as a dielectric multilayer film or aluminum (Al) or its alloy (e.g., Al-Cu-Ni alloy). On the other hand, when the first electrode is to function as a cathode electrode, it is desirable to use a conductive material with a small work function and high light reflectivity. However, by improving the electron injection properties of a highly light-reflective conductive material used as an anode electrode, such as by providing an appropriate electron injection layer, it can also be used as a cathode electrode.

[0040] When the second electrode is to function as a cathode electrode, the material constituting the second electrode (semi-transparent or light-transmitting material) is preferably a conductive material with a small work function that transmits emitted light and efficiently injects electrons into the organic layer (light-emitting layer). Examples of metals or alloys with small work functions include aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and silver (Ag) [for example, an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) (Mg-Ag alloy)], a magnesium-calcium alloy (Mg-Ca alloy), and an aluminum (Al) and lithium (Li) alloy (Al-Li alloy). Among these, Mg-Ag alloys are preferred, and examples of volume ratios of magnesium to silver include Mg:Ag = 5:1 to 30:1. Alternatively, examples of volume ratios of magnesium to calcium include Mg:Ca = 2:1 to 10:1. Examples of the thickness of the second electrode include 4 nm to 50 nm, preferably 4 nm to 20 nm, more preferably 6 nm to 12 nm. Alternatively, at least one material selected from the group consisting of Ag-Nd-Cu, Ag-Cu, Au, and Al-Cu can be mentioned. Alternatively, the second electrode may consist of the above-mentioned material layer and a so-called transparent electrode (for example, with a thickness of 3 × 10) made of, for example, ITO or IZO, from the organic layer side. -8 m to 1×10 -6 m A laminated structure with the second electrode is also possible. A bus electrode (auxiliary electrode) made of a low-resistance material such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, silver, silver alloy, copper, copper alloy, gold, or gold alloy may be provided with the second electrode to reduce the overall resistance of the second electrode. The average light transmittance of the second electrode is preferably 50% to 90%, more preferably 60% to 90%. On the other hand, when the second electrode functions as an anode electrode, it is desirable to use a conductive material that transmits emitted light as needed and has a large work function.

[0041] Methods for forming the first and second electrodes include, for example, evaporation methods including electron beam evaporation, thermal filament evaporation, and vacuum evaporation; sputtering; chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and MOCVD; a combination of ion plating and etching; various printing methods such as screen printing, inkjet printing, and metal mask printing; plating methods (electroplating and electroless plating); lift-off method; laser ablation; and sol-gel method. Various printing and plating methods make it possible to directly form the first and second electrodes having the desired shape (pattern). Furthermore, when forming the second electrode after forming the organic layer, it is preferable to form it using a film formation method with low energy of the deposition particles, such as vacuum evaporation, or a film formation method such as MOCVD, from the viewpoint of preventing damage to the organic layer. If damage occurs to the organic layer, there is a risk of non-emitting pixels (or non-emitting subpixels) called "extinguishing points" occurring due to the generation of leakage current.

[0042] The organic layer comprises an emissive layer containing an organic emissive material. Specifically, it can be composed of, for example, a laminated structure of a hole transport layer, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer; a laminated structure of a hole transport layer and an emissive layer that also functions as an electron transport layer; or a laminated structure of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emissive layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. Examples of methods for forming the organic layer include physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods such as vacuum deposition; printing methods such as screen printing and inkjet printing; laser transfer methods in which a laser is irradiated onto a laminated structure of a laser absorption layer and an organic layer formed on a transfer substrate to separate the organic layer on the laser absorption layer and transfer the organic layer; and various coating methods. When forming the organic layer based on vacuum deposition, for example, a so-called metal mask can be used, and the organic layer can be obtained by depositing material that has passed through openings provided in the metal mask.

[0043] A light-shielding section may be provided between the light-emitting elements. Specific examples of light-shielding materials that constitute the light-shielding section include materials capable of blocking light, such as titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), and MoSi2. The light-shielding section can be formed by evaporation methods including electron beam evaporation, thermal filament evaporation, and vacuum evaporation, as well as by sputtering, CVD, ion plating, and the like.

[0044] It is preferable that a protective layer is formed to cover the electrodes on the second substrate side. Alternatively, a lens member may be formed on or above the protective layer, or a color filter layer may be formed on or above the protective layer and a lens member may be formed on or above the color filter layer, or a lens member may be formed on or above the protective layer and a color filter layer may be formed on or above the lens member. Furthermore, a planarization layer may be formed on top of these. As mentioned above, a planarization layer that functions as a color filter layer may be provided.

[0045] Examples of materials that can constitute the protective or planarization layer include acrylic resins, as well as SiO2, SiN, SiC, amorphous silicon (α-Si), Al2O3, and TiO2. The protective or planarization layer can be a single layer or composed of multiple layers. Methods for forming the protective or planarization layer include various CVD methods, various coating methods, various PVD methods including sputtering and vacuum deposition, and screen printing. These can be formed using various known methods, such as printing methods. Furthermore, ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) can also be used as a method for forming the protective layer and planarization layer. The protective layer and planarization layer may be common to multiple light-emitting elements, or they may be provided individually for each light-emitting element.

[0046] The planarization layer and the second substrate are joined, for example, via a resin layer (sealing resin layer). Examples of materials that make up the resin layer (sealing resin layer) include thermosetting adhesives such as acrylic adhesives, epoxy adhesives, urethane adhesives, silicone adhesives, and cyanoacrylate adhesives, as well as UV-curing adhesives. The resin layer (sealing resin layer) may also serve as the planarization layer.

[0047] As described above, in some cases, the planarization layer can also function as a color filter layer. Such a planarization layer can be made from a well-known color resist material. In the case of a light-emitting element that emits white light, a transparent filter can be provided. By making the planarization layer function as a color filter layer in this way, the organic layer and the planarization layer (color filter layer) are in close proximity, so even if the light emitted from the light-emitting element is widened, color mixing can be effectively prevented, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved. However, the color filter layer may also be provided separately from the planarization layer, independently, on or above the planarization layer, or below or below the planarization layer.

[0048] The outermost surface of the display panel that emits light (specifically, for example, the outer surface of the second substrate) may have an ultraviolet absorption layer, a contamination prevention layer, a hard coat layer, or an antistatic layer formed on it, or a protective member (for example, a cover glass) may be provided.

[0049] In display panels, insulating layers and interlayer insulating layers are formed, and the insulating materials that make up these include SiO2, NSG (non-doped silicate glass), BPSG (boron-phosphorus silicate glass), PSG, BSG, AsSG, SbSG, PbSG, SOG (spin-on glass), LTO (low temperature oxide, low-temperature CVD-SiO2), low-melting-point glass, glass paste, etc. X Examples include silicon-based materials (materials constituting silicon oxide films); SiN-based materials including SiON-based materials; SiOC; SiF; SiCN. Alternatively, titanium oxide (TiO2), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), and chromium oxide (CrO2). x ), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), tin oxide (SnO2), vanadium oxide (VO2) xExamples of inorganic insulating materials include polyimide resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, and low dielectric constant insulating materials such as SiOCH, organic SOG, and fluororesins (for example, materials with a dielectric constant k (=ε / ε0) of 3.5 or less, specifically, fluorocarbons, cycloperfluorocarbon polymers, benzocyclobutene, cyclic fluororesins, polytetrafluoroethylene, amorphous tetrafluoroethylene, polyaryl ethers, aryl fluoride ethers, fluorinated polyimide, amorphous carbon, parylene (polyparaxylylene), and fluorinated fullerene). Examples of other materials include Silk (a trademark of The Dow Chemical Co., a coated low dielectric constant interlayer insulating film material) and Flare (a trademark of Honeywell Electronic Materials Co., a polyaryl ether (PAE) material). These can be used individually or in appropriate combinations. In some cases, the substrate may be composed of the materials described above. The insulating layer, interlayer insulating layer, and substrate can be formed by known methods such as various CVD methods, various coating methods, various PVD methods including sputtering and vacuum deposition, various printing methods such as screen printing, plating, electrodeposition, immersion, and sol-gel methods.

[0050] Organic EL display devices have a resonator structure to further improve light extraction efficiency. It is preferable to do so. Specifically, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer is resonated between the first interface, which is formed by the interface between the first electrode and the organic layer (or, in a structure where an interlayer insulating layer is provided below the first electrode and a light-reflecting layer is provided below the interlayer insulating layer, the interface formed by the interface between the light-reflecting layer and the interlayer insulating layer), and the second interface, which is formed by the interface between the second electrode and the organic layer, and a portion of it is emitted from the second electrode. When the optical distance from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the first interface is OL1, and the optical distance from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the second interface is OL2, and m1 and m2 are integers, a configuration that satisfies the following equations (1-1) and (1-2) can be obtained.

[0051] 0.7{-Φ1 / (2π)+m1}≦2×OL1 / λ≦1.2{-Φ1 / (2π)+m1} (1-1) 0.7{-Φ2 / (2π)+m2}≦2×OL2 / λ≦1.2{-Φ2 / (2π)+m2} (1-2) Here, λ: The maximum peak wavelength in the spectrum of light generated in the light-emitting layer (or, a desired wavelength within the light generated in the light-emitting layer). Φ1: Phase shift amount of light reflected at the first interface (unit: radians). However, -2π < Φ1 ≤ 0 Φ2: Phase shift amount of light reflected at the second interface (unit: radians). However, -2π < Φ2 ≤ 0 That is the case.

[0052] Here, the value of m1 is a value greater than or equal to 0, and the value of m2 is a value greater than or equal to 0, independently of the value of m1. Examples of such forms include (m1,m2)=(0,0), (m1,m2)=(0,1), (m1,m2)=(1,0), and (m1,m2)=(1,1).

[0053] The distance L1 from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the first interface refers to the actual distance (physical distance) from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the first interface, and the distance L2 from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the second interface refers to the actual distance (physical distance) from the maximum light emission position of the light-emitting layer to the second interface. Optical distance, also called optical path length, generally refers to n × L when a light ray passes through a medium with refractive index n over a distance L. The same applies below. Therefore, the average refractive index is n. ave In that case, OL1 = L1 × n ave OL2 = L2 × n ave The relationship exists. Here, the average refractive index n ave This is obtained by summing the products of the refractive index and thickness of each layer constituting the organic layer (or the organic layer, the first electrode, and the interlayer insulating layer) and dividing by the thickness of the organic layer (or the organic layer, the first electrode, and the interlayer insulating layer).

[0054] The desired wavelength λ (specifically, for example, the wavelength of red light, the wavelength of green light, and the wavelength of blue light) in the light emitted by the light-emitting layer can be determined, and various parameters such as OL1 and OL2 in the light-emitting element can be calculated based on equations (1-1) and (1-2) to design the light-emitting element.

[0055] The first electrode or light-reflecting layer and the second electrode absorb a portion of the incident light and reflect the remainder. Therefore, a phase shift occurs in the reflected light. These phase shift amounts Φ1 and Φ2 can be determined by measuring the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index of the materials constituting the first electrode or light-reflecting layer and the second electrode, for example using an ellipsometer, and performing calculations based on these values ​​(see, for example, "Principles of Optic", Max Born and Emil Wolf, 1974 (PERGAMON PRESS)). The refractive index of organic layers and interlayer insulating layers, or, if the first electrode absorbs a portion of the incident light and reflects the remainder, the refractive index of the first electrode, can also be measured using an ellipsometer. This can be done to find it.

[0056] Materials that can constitute the light-reflecting layer include aluminum, aluminum alloys (e.g., Al-Nd and Al-Cu), Al / Ti multilayer structures, Al-Cu / Ti multilayer structures, chromium (Cr), silver (Ag), and silver alloys (e.g., Ag-Cu, Ag-Pd-Cu, Ag-Sm-Cu). These can be formed by evaporation methods including electron beam evaporation, thermal filament evaporation, and vacuum evaporation, sputtering, CVD, ion plating, plating (electroplating and electroless plating), lift-off methods, laser ablation, and sol-gel methods. Depending on the material constituting the light-reflecting layer, it is preferable to form a base layer made of TiN, for example, in order to control the crystalline state of the light-reflecting layer being formed.

[0057] Thus, in an organic EL display device having a resonator structure, a red light-emitting element composed of an organic layer that emits white light [in some cases, a red light-emitting element composed of a combination of an organic layer that emits white light and a red color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a red color filter layer)] resonates the red light emitted in the light-emitting layer, causing reddish light (light with a peak in the light spectrum in the red region) to be emitted from the second electrode. Similarly, a green light-emitting element composed of an organic layer that emits white light [in some cases, a green light-emitting element composed of a combination of an organic layer that emits white light and a green color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a green color filter layer)] resonates the green light emitted in the light-emitting layer, causing greenish light (light with a peak in the light spectrum in the green region) to be emitted from the second electrode. Furthermore, a blue light-emitting element composed of an organic layer that emits white light [in some cases, a blue light-emitting element composed of an organic layer that emits white light and a blue color filter layer (or a planarization layer that functions as a blue color filter layer)] resonates the blue light emitted in the light-emitting layer and emits bluish light (light with a peak in the light spectrum in the blue region) from the second electrode. That is, the desired wavelength λ (specifically, the wavelength of red, the wavelength of green, and the wavelength of blue) of the light generated in the light-emitting layer is determined, and various parameters such as OL1, OL2 for the red light-emitting element, the green light-emitting element, and the blue light-emitting element are determined based on equations (1-1) and (1-2), and each light-emitting element can be designed. For example, paragraph

[0041] of Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-216495 discloses an organic EL element having a resonator structure in which the organic layer is the resonant part, and states that the thickness of the organic layer is preferably 80 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 150 nm to 350 nm, because it is possible to appropriately adjust the distance from the light-emitting point (light-emitting surface) to the reflective surface. Typically, the value of (L1 + L2 = L0) differs for red light-emitting elements, green light-emitting elements, and blue light-emitting elements.

[0058] In organic EL display devices, it is desirable that the thickness of the hole transport layer (hole supply layer) and the thickness of the electron transport layer (electron supply layer) be approximately equal. Alternatively, the electron transport layer (electron supply layer) may be thicker than the hole transport layer (hole supply layer), which enables high efficiency at a low driving voltage and sufficient electron supply to the light-emitting layer. Specifically, by placing the hole transport layer between the first electrode, which corresponds to the anode electrode, and the light-emitting layer, and forming it with a thinner film thickness than the electron transport layer, it is possible to increase the supply of holes. As a result, a carrier balance can be obtained in which there is no excess or deficiency of holes and electrons, and the amount of carrier supply is also sufficiently large, thus enabling high luminous efficiency. Furthermore, because there is no excess or deficiency of holes and electrons, the carrier balance is less likely to be disrupted, driving degradation is suppressed, and the luminescence lifetime can be extended. [Examples]

[0059] Example 1 relates to a display device of the present disclosure. Figure 1 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located within the reference point) constituting the display device of Example 1, and Figure 2 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point). Also, the table of Example 1 Figure 3A schematically shows the positional relationship between the light-emitting element on the display panel of the display device and a reference point, and Figures 8A and 8B schematically show the arrangement of the light-emitting section, color filter layer, and lens member in the display panel of Example 1. Specifically, the display device of Example 1 is composed of an organic EL display device, and specifically, the light-emitting element of Example 1 is composed of an organic EL element. Furthermore, the display device of Example 1 is a top-emission type display device (top-emitting display device) that emits light from the second substrate. The electrode on the first substrate side is called the first electrode, and the electrode on the second substrate side is called the second electrode.

[0060] The display device of Example 1 is Light-emitting section 30, and The light emitted from the light-emitting part 30 passes through the lens member (on-chip microlens) 50, The display panel has multiple light-emitting elements 10 (10R, 10G, 10B), including the following: When D0 is the distance between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting section 30 and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member 50, the value of distance D0 is not 0 in at least a part of the light-emitting element 10 provided on the display panel. The center of the light-emitting section 30 refers to the area centroid point of the region where the first electrode 31 and the organic layer 33, which will be described later, are in contact.

[0061] A reference point P is assumed, and the distance D0 depends on the distance D1 from the reference point P to the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part 30.

[0062] In the display device of Example 1, the reference point P is assumed to be within the display panel. However, the reference point P is not located in (is not included in) the central region of the display panel. In Figures 3A, 3B, 12A, and 12B, the central region of the display panel is indicated by a black triangle, the light-emitting element 10 is indicated by a square, the center of the light-emitting section 30 is indicated by a black square, and the reference point P is indicated by a black circle. The positional relationship between the light-emitting element 10 and the reference point P is schematically shown in Figure 3A, where one reference point P is assumed. Since the reference point P may include a certain extent of spread, the value of distance D0 is 0 for some of the light-emitting elements 10 (specifically, one or more light-emitting elements 10 included in the reference point P), and the value of distance D0 is not 0 for the remaining light-emitting elements 10. The value of distance (offset amount) D0 differs depending on the position of the light-emitting element on the display panel.

[0063] As described above, in the display devices of Example 1 or Examples 2 to 5 described later, the light-emitting section 30 provided on the light-emitting element 10 includes an organic electroluminescent layer (organic EL layer). That is, the display devices of Examples 1 to 5 are composed of organic electroluminescent display devices (organic EL display devices), and the light-emitting element 10 is composed of an organic electroluminescent element (organic EL element).

[0064] In the display device of the embodiment, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the lens member 50 converges (is focused) in a certain region of space outside the display device. Alternatively, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the lens member 50 diverges in space outside the display device. Alternatively, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the lens member 50 is parallel light. Whether the light that passes through the lens member 50 is converged, divergent, or parallel light depends on the specifications required for the display device. Based on these specifications, the power of the lens member 50 should be designed. If the light that passes through the lens member 50 is converged light, the position in the space where the image emitted from the display device is formed may or may not be on the normal to the reference point P, depending on the specifications required for the display device. An optical system through which the image emitted from the display device passes may be arranged to control the display dimensions, display position, etc., of the image emitted from the display device. The type of optical system used also depends on the specifications required for the display device, but an imaging lens system can be used as an example.

[0065] Furthermore, in the display device of Embodiment 1, a reference point P is set, and the multiple light-emitting elements 10 are arranged in a first direction (specifically, the X direction) and a second direction different from the first direction (specifically, the Y direction). The distance from the reference point P to the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting section 30 is defined as D1, and the values ​​of the distance D0 in the first direction (X direction) and the second direction (Y direction) are defined as D 0-X ,D 0-Y Let the values ​​of the first direction (X direction) and the second direction (Y direction) of distance D1 be D 1-X ,D 1-Y In that case, [A]D 1-X D 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It may be designed to change linearly, [B]D 1-X D 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D 0-YIt may be designed to change non-linearly, or [C]D 1-X for the change of D 0-X changes non-linearly, and D 1-Y for the change of D 0-Y it may be designed to change linearly, or [D]D 1-X for the change of D 0-X changes non-linearly, and D[[ID=I7]] 1-Y for the change of D 0-Y it may be designed to change non-linearly.

[0066] In FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 6A, `6B, 6C, 6D, 7A, 7B, 7C, and 7D, D 1-X the change of D with respect to 0-X the change, D 1-Y the change of D with respect to 0-Y the change is schematically shown. In these figures, the white arrows indicate linear changes, and the black arrows indicate non-linear changes. Also, when the arrow is directed outside the display panel, it indicates that the light passing through the lens member 50 is divergent light, and when the arrow is directed inside the display panel, it indicates that the light passing through the lens member 50 is convergent light or parallel light.

[0067] Alternatively, a reference point P is set, and when the distance from the reference point P to the normal line LN passing through the center of the light emitting part 30 is D1, it may be designed such that the value of the distance D0 increases as the value of the distance D1 increases.

[0068] [[ID=j0]]That is, D 1-X ,D 1-Y the change of D depending on 0-X ,D 0-Y the change may be determined based on the specifications required for the display device.

[0069] Specifically, the display device of Example 1 includes [[ID=5`4]]the first substrate 11, and the second substrate 41, and Multiple light-emitting elements 10 (10R, 10G, 10B) are located between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 41 and are arranged in a two-dimensional manner. It is equipped with, The light-emitting element 10 (10R, 10G, 10B) includes the light-emitting part 30. The light-emitting part 30 provided on the base body 26 formed on the first substrate 11 is first electrode 31, Second electrode 32, and An organic layer (having a light-emitting layer including an organic electroluminescent layer) 33 sandwiched between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32, It has at least the following features: In Example 1, light from the organic layer 33 is emitted to the outside through the second substrate 41.

[0070] More specifically, the light-emitting portion 30 included in each light-emitting element (10R, 10G, 10B) is provided on a base 26 formed on the first substrate 11. The light-emitting part 30 is first electrode 31, An organic layer (organic electroluminescent layer) 33 formed on the first electrode 31, and , A second electrode 32 formed on the organic layer 33, It has at least that.

[0071] Furthermore, on the light-incident side or light-emitting side of the lens member 50 (in the case of the display device of Example 1, on the light-incident side of the lens member 50), there is a color filter layer CF R CF G CF BA color filter layer CF (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as the color filter layer CF) is provided. Specifically, a protective layer 34 made of acrylic resin is formed on the second electrode 32 so as to cover the second electrode 32. On the top surface or above the protective layer 34 (specifically, on the protective layer 34 in Example 1), a color filter layer CF made of a known material is formed by a known method, and above the color filter layer CF, a lens member (on-chip microlens) 50 made of a known material is provided by a known method. As shown in the figure, a planarization film 35' may be formed between the color filter layer CF and the lens member 50 using the same material as the lens member 50. Then, a planarization layer 35 is formed on the planarization film 35' and the lens member 50. The arrangement relationship of the light-emitting unit 30, the color filter layer CF and the lens member 50 in the display device is schematically shown in Figures 8A and 8B, where the orthogonal projection image of the lens member 50 is included in the orthogonal projection image of the color filter layer CF. Furthermore, although the external shapes of the light-emitting section 30, the color filter layer CF, and the lens member 50 are conveniently given as circular, they are not limited to this shape. Moreover, in the light-emitting element 10 where the value of distance D0 is not 0, the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the color filter layer CF and the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting section 30 coincide. That is, when d0 is the distance (offset amount) between the normal vector passing through the center of the light-emitting section and the normal vector passing through the center of the color filter layer CF, d0 = 0. By adopting such a configuration, the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements can be reliably suppressed.

[0072] In addition, in conventional display devices, the arrangement of the light-emitting section 30, color filter layer, and lens member in all of the light-emitting elements 10 that occupy the display area is the same as shown in Figure 8A.

[0073] The planarization layer 35 formed on the planarization film 35' and the lens member 50 is bonded to the second substrate 41 via the sealing resin layer 36. Examples of the material constituting the sealing resin layer 36 include thermosetting adhesives such as acrylic adhesives, epoxy adhesives, urethane adhesives, silicone adhesives, and cyanoacrylate adhesives, and ultraviolet curable adhesives. The color filter layer CF is an OCCF (on-chip color filter layer) formed on the first substrate side. By doing so, the distance between the organic layer 33 and the color filter layer CF can be shortened, and it is possible to suppress the occurrence of color mixing due to light emitted from the organic layer 33 entering an adjacent color filter layer CF of another color, and a wide lens design of the lens member 50 becomes possible. In some cases, the planarization layer 35 may be omitted, and the lens member 50 and the planarization film 35' may be bonded to the second substrate 41 via the sealing resin layer 36.

[0074] In the light-emitting elements 10 of Examples 1 to 5 each composed of an organic EL element, the organic layer 33 has a laminated structure of a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, and a blue light-emitting layer. One pixel is composed of three light-emitting elements: a red light-emitting element 10R, a green light-emitting element 10G, and a blue light-emitting element 10B. The organic layer 33 constituting the light-emitting element 10 emits white light, and each light-emitting element 10R, 10G, 10B is R , CF G , CF B composed of a combination with the organic layer 33 that emits white light and the color filter layer CF R . The red light-emitting element 10R for displaying red is provided with a red color filter layer CF G , the green light-emitting element 10G for displaying green is provided with a green color filter layer CF B , and the blue light-emitting element 10B for displaying blue is provided with a blue color filter layer CF. The red light-emitting element 10R, the green light-emitting element 10G, and the blue light-emitting element 10B have substantially the same configuration and structure except for the positions of the color filter layer and the light-emitting layer. The number of pixels is, for example, 1920×1080. One light-emitting element (display element) constitutes one sub-pixel, and the number of light-emitting elements (specifically, organic EL elements) is three times the number of pixels. In the display device of Embodiment 1, the sub-pixel arrangement can be the delta arrangement shown in Figure 22A. However, a stripe arrangement as shown in Figures 22B, 22C, and 22D may also be used. In some cases, one pixel may be composed of a red light-emitting element 10R, a green light-emitting element 10G, a blue light-emitting element 10B, and a light-emitting element that emits white light (or a light-emitting element that emits complementary color light).

[0075] Figures 23A and 23B, and Figures 23C and 23D show the first electrodes 31R, 31G, and 31B and the color filter layer CF. R CF G CF B The arrangement of the elements is schematically shown. Note that in Figures 23B and 23D, the color filter layer CF is shown. R CF G CF B This is indicated by a dotted line. In particular, for applications where the eye moves (i.e., where the colored field of view is a concern), such as electronic viewfinders, the color filter layer CF in the red light-emitting element 10R, green light-emitting element 10G, and blue light-emitting element 10B is important. R CF G CF B By adjusting the size of the first electrodes 31R, 31G, and 31B, specifically as shown in Figures 23A and 23B, (Width of the first electrode of the red light-emitting element) = (Width of the first electrode of the green light-emitting element) > (Width of the first electrode of the blue light-emitting element) By doing so, the color intensity of the red, green, and blue light-emitting elements, which are composed of light-emitting elements equipped with an organic layer 33 that emits white light, will be approximately the same, with the viewing angle as a parameter, thereby avoiding the occurrence of coloring due to the viewing angle (viewing angle coloring). Furthermore, as shown in Figures 23C and 23D, when two blue light-emitting elements are placed diagonally and a red and a green light-emitting element are placed diagonally, it is preferable to cut out the opposing portions of the first electrode 31R constituting the red light-emitting element and the first electrode 31G constituting the green light-emitting element. Moreover, in order to maintain the viewing angle symmetry of the azimuthal angle, it is even more preferable to cut out the portion of the first electrode 31R facing the cut-out portion of the first electrode 31R of the red light-emitting element, and the portion of the first electrode 31G facing the cut-out portion of the first electrode 31G of the green light-emitting element.

[0076] A light-emitting element drive unit is provided below a substrate 26 made of SiO2 formed by the CVD method. The light-emitting element drive unit can have a well-known circuit configuration. The light-emitting element drive unit is composed of a transistor (specifically, a MOSFET) formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate corresponding to the first substrate 11. The transistor 20, composed of a MOSFET, is composed of a gate insulating layer 22 formed on the first substrate 11, a gate electrode 21 formed on the gate insulating layer 22, a source / drain region 24 formed on the first substrate 11, a channel formation region 23 formed between the source / drain regions 24, and an element isolation region 25 surrounding the channel formation region 23 and the source / drain region 24. The transistor 20 and the first electrode 31 are electrically connected via a contact plug 27 provided on the substrate 26. In the drawings, one transistor 20 is shown for each light-emitting element drive unit.

[0077] The second electrode 32 is connected to the light-emitting element drive unit via a contact hole (contact plug) formed in the substrate 26 at the outer periphery of the display panel (not shown). An auxiliary electrode connected to the second electrode 32 may be provided below the second electrode 32 at the outer periphery of the display panel, and the auxiliary electrode may be connected to the light-emitting element drive unit.

[0078] The first electrode 31 functions as the anode electrode, and the second electrode 32 functions as the cathode electrode. The first electrode 31 consists of a layered structure of light-reflecting material layers, specifically, for example, an Al-Nd alloy layer, an Al-Cu alloy layer, an Al-Ti alloy layer, and an ITO layer, while the second electrode 32 consists of a transparent conductive material such as ITO. The first electrode 31 is formed on the substrate 26 based on a combination of vacuum deposition and etching. The second electrode 32 is formed by a film deposition method with low energy of the deposition particles, such as vacuum deposition, and is not patterned. The organic layer 33 is also not patterned. However, it is not limited to this, and the organic layer 33 may be patterned. That is, the organic layer 33 may be colored differently for each sub-pixel, and the red light-emitting element The organic layer 33 of the child may be composed of an organic layer that emits red light, the organic layer 33 of the green light-emitting element may be composed of an organic layer that emits green light, and the organic layer 33 of the blue light-emitting element may be composed of an organic layer that emits blue light.

[0079] In Example 1, the organic layer 33 has a laminated structure comprising a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emissive layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL). The emissive layer is composed of at least two emissive layers that emit different colors, and as described above, the light emitted from the organic layer 33 is white. Specifically, as described above, the organic layer has a structure in which three layers are laminated: a red emissive layer that emits red light, a green emissive layer that emits green light, and a blue emissive layer that emits blue light. The organic layer can also have a structure in which two layers are laminated: a blue emissive layer that emits blue light and a yellow emissive layer that emits yellow light, or a structure in which two layers are laminated: a blue emissive layer that emits blue light and an orange emissive layer that emits orange light.

[0080] The hole injection layer is a layer that enhances hole injection efficiency and also functions as a buffer layer to prevent leakage, and its thickness is, for example, about 2 nm to 10 nm. The hole injection layer consists of a hexaazatriphenylene derivative represented by the following formula (A) or formula (B). Note that if the end face of the hole injection layer comes into contact with the second electrode, it becomes the main cause of brightness variations between pixels, leading to a decrease in display image quality.

[0081] [ka]

[0082] Here, R 1 ~R 6 Each of these substituents is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl group, amino group, allureamino group, substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl ester group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 20 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 30 or fewer carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 30 or fewer carbon atoms, nitrile group, cyano group, nitro group, or silyl group, and adjacent R m (m=1~6) may be connected to each other via a ring structure. Also, X 1 ~X 6 Each of these is independently either a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.

[0083] [ka]

[0084] The hole transport layer is a layer that increases the efficiency of hole transport to the light-emitting layer. In the light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, recombination of electrons and holes occurs, generating light. The electron transport layer is a layer that increases the efficiency of electron transport to the light-emitting layer, and the electron injection layer is a layer that increases the efficiency of electron injection into the light-emitting layer.

[0085] The hole transport layer consists, for example, of 4,4',4”-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) or α-naphthylphenyldiamine (αNPD) with a thickness of about 40 nm.

[0086] The light-emitting layer is a light-emitting layer that produces white light through color mixing, and for example, as described above, it is made up of a stack of red light-emitting layers, a green light-emitting layer and a blue light-emitting layer.

[0087] In the red light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, some of the holes injected from the first electrode 31 and some of the electrons injected from the second electrode 32 recombine, generating red light. Such a red light-emitting layer includes, for example, at least one material from among a red light-emitting material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a dual charge transport material. The red light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. A red light-emitting layer with a thickness of about 5 nm is, for example, made of 4,4-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)biphenyl (DPVBi) mixed with 30% by mass of 2,6-bis[(4'-methoxydiphenylamino)styryl]-1,5-dicyanonaphthalene (BSN).

[0088] In the green light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, some of the holes injected from the first electrode 31 and some of the electrons injected from the second electrode 32 recombine, generating green light. Such a green light-emitting layer includes, for example, at least one material from among a green light-emitting material, a hole-transporting material, an electron-transporting material, and a dual-charge-transporting material. The green light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. A green light-emitting layer with a thickness of about 10 nm is, for example, made of DPVBi mixed with 5% by mass of coumarin 6.

[0089] In the blue light-emitting layer, when an electric field is applied, some of the holes injected from the first electrode 31 and some of the electrons injected from the second electrode 32 recombine, generating blue light. Such a blue light-emitting layer includes, for example, at least one material from among a blue light-emitting material, a hole-transporting material, an electron-transporting material, and a dual-charge-transporting material. The blue light-emitting material may be a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material. A blue light-emitting layer with a thickness of about 30 nm is, for example, made of DPVBi mixed with 2.5 mass% of 4,4'-bis[2-{4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl}vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi).

[0090] The electron transport layer, with a thickness of approximately 20 nm, is made of, for example, 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3). The electron injection layer, with a thickness of approximately 0.3 nm, is made of, for example, LiF or Li2O.

[0091] However, the materials that make up each layer are examples only and are not limited to these materials. Also, for example, the light-emitting layer may consist of a blue light-emitting layer and a yellow light-emitting layer, or a blue light-emitting layer and an orange light-emitting layer.

[0092] The light-emitting element 10 has a resonator structure in which an organic layer 33 is used as the resonant part and is sandwiched between a first electrode 31 and a second electrode 32. In order to appropriately adjust the distance from the light-emitting surface to the reflective surface (specifically, the distance from the light-emitting surface to the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32), the thickness of the organic layer 33 is 8 × 10 -8 m or more, 5×10 -7 It is preferable that it is less than or equal to m, and 1.5 × 10 -7 m or more, 3.5×10 -7It is more preferable that m is less than or equal to m. In an organic EL display device having a resonator structure, the red light-emitting element 10R resonates the red light emitted in the light-emitting layer and emits reddish light (light with a peak in the red region of the light spectrum) from the second electrode 32. The green light-emitting element 10G resonates the green light emitted in the light-emitting layer and emits greenish light (light with a peak in the green region of the light spectrum) from the second electrode 32. Furthermore, the blue light-emitting element 10B resonates the blue light emitted in the light-emitting layer and emits bluish light (light with a peak in the blue region of the light spectrum) from the second electrode 32. Specifically, in the resonator structure, the material constituting the first electrode 31 may be made of a material that reflects light with high efficiency, as described above.

[0093] The following describes the general method for manufacturing the light-emitting element 10 of Example 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2.

[0094] [Process-100] First, a light-emitting element driver is formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate (first substrate 11) based on a known MOSFET manufacturing process.

[0095] [Process-110] Next, a substrate 26 is formed over the entire surface based on the CVD method.

[0096] [Process-120] Then, a connection hole is formed in the substrate 26 located above one of the source / drain regions 24 of the transistor 20 using photolithography and etching techniques. A metal layer is then formed on the substrate 26 including the connection hole, for example, using a sputtering method. Subsequently, the metal layer is patterned using photolithography and etching techniques to form a first electrode 31 on a portion of the substrate 26. The first electrode 31 is separated for each light-emitting element. In addition, a contact hole (contact plug) 27 can be formed within the connection hole to electrically connect the first electrode 31 and the transistor 20.

[0097] [Process-130] Next, for example, an insulating layer 28 is formed over the entire surface based on the CVD method, and then the insulating layer 28 is left on the substrate 26 between the first electrodes 31 based on photolithography and etching techniques.

[0098] [Process-140] Subsequently, an organic layer 33 is deposited on the first electrode 31 and the insulating layer 28 by a coating method such as PVD (photovoltaic deposition) or sputtering, or by a coating method such as spin coating or die coating. In some cases, the organic layer 33 may be patterned into a desired shape.

[0099] [Process-150] Next, a second electrode 32 is formed over the entire surface, for example, by a vacuum deposition method. The second electrode 32 may be patterned into a desired shape. In this way, the organic layer 33 and the second electrode 32 can be formed on the first electrode 31.

[0100] [Process-160] Subsequently, a protective layer 34 is formed over the entire surface based on the coating method, and then the top surface of the protective layer 34 is flattened. Since the protective layer 34 can be formed based on the coating method, there are fewer constraints on the processing process, a wide range of material selection is possible, and the use of high refractive index materials is possible. After that, a color filter layer CF (CF) is applied on the protective layer 34 by a well-known method. R CF G CF BA lens member 50 is formed on the color filter layer CF, and a planarization film 35' is formed on the planarization film 35'. Specifically, as shown in Figure 24A, a lens member forming layer 60 for forming the lens member 50 is formed on the color filter layer CF, and a resist material layer 61 is formed on top of it. The resist material layer 61 is then patterned and subjected to heat treatment to give the resist material layer 61 the shape of a lens member (see Figure 24B). Next, the resist material layer 61 and the lens member forming layer 60 are etched back to transfer the shape formed on the resist material layer 61 to the lens member forming layer 60 (see Figure 24C). In this way, the lens member 50 can be obtained.

[0101] [Process-170] Then, a planarization layer 35 is formed on the planarization film 35' and the lens member 50. After that, the planarization layer 35 and the second substrate 41 are bonded together with a sealing resin layer 36 made of an acrylic adhesive. In this way, the light-emitting element (organic EL element) 10, the display device of Example 1, shown in Figures 1 and 2 can be obtained. By providing the color filter layer CF on the first substrate side instead of the second substrate side, in a so-called OCCF type, the distance between the organic layer 33 and the color filter layer CF can be shortened, which expands the design width and design freedom of the lens member 50, and because it is a so-called OCCF type, there is less possibility of problems occurring with alignment between the organic layer 33 and the lens member 50.

[0102] In the display device of Example 1, when D0 is the distance between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member, the value of distance D0 is not 0 in at least a portion of the light-emitting elements constituting the display device. Therefore, depending on the position of the light-emitting element on the display panel, the direction in which the light emitted from the light-emitting layer and passes through the lens member can be reliably and accurately controlled. In other words, it is possible to reliably and accurately control to which area of ​​the external space the image from the display device is emitted towards and in what state. Furthermore, by providing a lens member, it is possible to increase the brightness (luminance) of the image emitted from the display device and prevent color mixing between adjacent pixels, as well as to appropriately diverge the light according to the required viewing angle, and to achieve a longer lifespan and higher brightness of the light-emitting element and display device. Consequently, it is possible to make the display device smaller, lighter, and higher quality. In addition, its applications in eyewear, AR (Augmented Reality) glasses, and VR are greatly expanded.

[0103] Figure 9A shows the simulation results of the relationship between the ray angle θ (in degrees) and the amount of light (luminance) when the distance D0 is changed. The meanings of the symbols A, B, C, D, E, and F in Figure 9A are as shown in Table 1 below. In the simulation, the diameter of the circular light-emitting part 30 was set to 2.6 μm, and the diameter of the circular lens member was set to 5.8 μm. The ray angle refers to the angle between the light ray emitted from the lens member 50 and the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member 50. In Table 1, the principal ray angle is the ray angle at which the light ray emitted from the lens member 50 has the highest amount of light (luminance).

[0104] Distance D0 Principal ray angle Brightness increase rate A 0.00μm 0 degrees 1.00 B 0.51μm 15 degrees 1.07 C 1.05μm 34 degrees 1.64 D 1.67μm 49 degrees 2.17 E 2.43μm 63 degrees 2.57 F 3.45μm 63 degrees 1.95

[0105] Figure 9A shows that even when the distance D0 is changed, there is no significant difference in the change in light intensity (luminance) with respect to the ray angle θ. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 9B, compared to the case of a conventional display device (where the distance D0=0 regardless of the position of the light-emitting element in the display area of ​​the display device) (see "A" in Figure 9B), the light intensity (luminance) at a distance D0=2.57μm and a ray angle of 63 degrees in the display device of Example 1 has increased by approximately 2.6 times, as shown in "E" in Figure 9B. The percentage increase in light intensity (luminance) in the display device of Example 1 compared to the conventional display device is shown in Table 1.

[0106] In the display device of Embodiment 1, a configuration in which multiple reference points are assumed is also possible. The multiple reference points are arranged within the display area of ​​the display panel. The positional relationship between the light-emitting element 10 and the reference points P1 and P2 is schematically shown in Figure 3B, where two reference points P1 and P2 are assumed in the illustrated example. Specifically, with respect to the center of the display panel as the point of symmetry, the two reference points P1 and P2 are arranged with two rotational symmetry. Here, at least one reference point is not included in the central area of ​​the display panel. In the illustrated example, the two reference points P1 and P2 are not included in the central area of ​​the display panel. For some light-emitting elements (specifically, one or more light-emitting elements included in reference point P), the value of distance D0 is 0, while for the remaining light-emitting elements, the value of distance D0 is not 0. Regarding the distance D1 from a reference point to the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting section 30, distance D1 is defined as the distance between the normal vector LN passing through the center of a certain light-emitting section 30 and the reference point that is closer to it.

[0107] Figure 10 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes a modified example-1 of the display device of Example 1. The orthogonal projection image of the lens element 50 is included in the orthogonal projection image of the color filter layer CF. In a light-emitting element where the value of distance D0 is not 0, it is also possible to configure it so that the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the color filter layer CF coincides with the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member 50. That is, D0 = d0 > 0.

[0108] Alternatively, Figure 11 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes a modified example-2 of the display device of Example 1. The orthogonal projection image of the lens element 50 coincides with the orthogonal projection image of the color filter layer CF. In a light-emitting element where the value of distance D0 is not 0, it is also possible to configure it so that the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the color filter layer CF coincides with the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member 50. That is, D0 = d0 > 0.

[0109] By adopting the configuration of Modification-1 or Modification-2 of the display device of these Embodiment 1, the occurrence of color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements can be reliably suppressed. [Examples]

[0110] Example 2 is a variation of Example 1. In the display device of Example 2, the reference point P is assumed to be outside the display panel. The positional relationship between the light-emitting element 10 and the reference points P, P1, and P2 is schematically shown in Figures 12A and 12B. A configuration in which one reference point P is assumed is possible (see Figure 12A), or a configuration in which multiple reference points P are assumed (Figure 12B shows two reference points P1 and P2). With the center of the display panel as the point of symmetry, the two reference points P1 and P2 are arranged in a 2-fold rotational symmetry. The value of distance D0 is not 0 for all light-emitting elements. The distance D1 from the reference point to the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part 30 is In this regard, distance D1 is defined as the distance between a reference point closer to the normal vector LN passing through the center of a certain light-emitting part 30. In these cases, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the lens member 50 converges (is focused) into a certain region in the space outside the display device. Alternatively, the light emitted from each light-emitting element 10 and passing through the lens member 50 diverges in the space outside the display device.

[0111] Except for the points mentioned above, the configuration and structure of the display device in Example 2 can be the same as those described in Example 1, so a detailed explanation will be omitted. [Examples]

[0112] Example 3 is a modification of Examples 1 and 2. In the display devices of Examples 1 and 2, a color filter layer is provided on the light incident side of the lens member 50. On the other hand, in Example 3, a color filter layer CF is provided on the light output side of the lens member 50. R CF G CF B A protective layer 34 made of acrylic resin is formed on the second electrode 32. Specifically, a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located within the reference point) constituting the display device of Example 3 is shown in Figure 13, and a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) is shown in Figure 14. A lens member (on-chip microlens) 50 made of a well-known material is provided on or above the protective layer 34 (specifically, on the protective layer 34). In addition, a color filter layer CF (CF) is provided on the surface of the second substrate 41 facing the first substrate 11. R CF G CF B A color filter layer CF is provided. The color filter layer CF, the lens member 50, and the protective layer 34 are bonded together by a sealing resin layer 36 made of acrylic adhesive. Alternatively, a planarization layer may be provided on the lens member 50, and the color filter layer CF and the planarization layer may be bonded together by a sealing resin layer 36 made of acrylic adhesive. In a light-emitting element where the value of distance D0 is not 0, the color filter layer CF R CF G CF B The normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the lens element 50 coincides with the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens element 50 (i.e., D0 = d0 > 0). Also, the orthogonal projection of the lens element 50 is the color filter layer CF R CF G CF BIt matches the orthogonal projection. Alternatively, the color filter layer CF R CF G CF B It is included in the orthogonal projection (see Figures 13 and 14).

[0113] Except for the points mentioned above, the configuration and structure of the display device in Example 3 can be the same as the configuration and structure of the display device described in Example 1 or Example 2, so a detailed explanation will be omitted. [Examples]

[0114] Example 4 is also a variation of Examples 1 and 2. A schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element (located within the reference point) constituting the display device of Example 4 is shown in Figure 15, and a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) is shown in Figure 16. In Example 4, the color filter layer CF R CF G CF B The following is omitted. Specifically, a lens member 50 is provided on the top surface or above the protective layer 34 (specifically, on top of the protective layer 34), and the lens member 50, the protective layer 34, and the second substrate 41 are bonded together by a sealing resin layer 36 made of acrylic adhesive. Alternatively, a planarization layer may be provided on top of the lens member 50, and the second substrate 41 and the planarization layer may be bonded together by a sealing resin layer 36 made of acrylic adhesive. The light-emitting element consists of a red light-emitting element 10R whose organic layer produces red light, a green light-emitting element 10G whose organic layer produces green light, and a blue light-emitting element 10B whose organic layer produces blue light, and one pixel is formed by combining these three types of light-emitting elements (sub-pixels). In this case, a color filter layer may be provided to improve color purity.

[0115] Except for the points mentioned above, the configuration and structure of the display device in Example 4 can be the same as the configuration and structure of the display device described in Example 1 or Example 2, so a detailed explanation is omitted. ru. [Examples]

[0116] In Example 5, the display devices described in Examples 1 to 4 were applied to a head-mounted display (HMD). A conceptual diagram of the image display device constituting the head-mounted display of Example 5 is shown in Figure 25, a schematic diagram of the head-mounted display of Example 5 viewed from above is shown in Figure 26, a schematic diagram viewed from the front is shown in Figure 27, and a schematic diagram viewed from the side is shown in Figure 28A. In addition, a schematic cross-sectional view showing an enlarged portion of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating in the display device of Example 5 is shown in Figure 28B.

[0117] The image display device 100 of Example 5 is An image forming apparatus 110 consisting of the display device 111 described in Examples 1 to 4, light guide plate 121, A first deflection means 131 attached to the light guide plate 121, and A second deflection means 132 is attached to the light guide plate 121. It is equipped with, Light from the image forming apparatus 110 is deflected (or reflected) by the first deflection means 131, propagates through the inside of the light guide plate 121 by total internal reflection, is deflected by the second deflection means 132, and is emitted toward the pupil 151 of the observer 150.

[0118] The system, consisting of the light guide plate 121 and the second deflection means 132, is semi-transparent (see-through).

[0119] The head-mounted display of Example 5 is (A) A frame 140 (for example, a spectacle-type frame 140) to be attached to the head of the observer 150, and, (B) Image display device 100 attached to frame 140, It is equipped with the following. In particular, the head-mounted display in Example 5 is a binocular type equipped with two image display devices, but it may also be a monocular type equipped with one. The image display device 100 may be fixedly attached to the frame 140 or may be attached detachably. The head-mounted display is, for example, a direct-drawing type head-mounted display that draws an image directly onto the pupil 151 of the observer 150.

[0120] The light guide plate 121 has a first surface 122 into which light from the image forming apparatus 110 is incident, and a second surface 123 opposite to the first surface 122. That is, the light guide plate 121, made of optical glass or plastic material, has two parallel surfaces (the first surface 122 and the second surface 123) that extend parallel to the direction of light propagation (X direction) due to total internal reflection of the light guide plate 121. The first surface 122 and the second surface 123 are opposite to each other. The first deflection means 131 is positioned on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121 (specifically, they are bonded together), and the second deflection means 132 is positioned on the second surface 123 of the light guide plate 121 (specifically, they are bonded together).

[0121] The first deflection means (first diffraction grating member) 131 consists of a holographic diffraction grating, specifically a reflective volume holographic diffraction grating, and the second deflection means (second diffraction grating member) 132 also consists of a holographic diffraction grating, specifically a reflective volume holographic diffraction grating. A first interference fringe is formed inside the holographic diffraction grating constituting the first deflection means 131, and a second interference fringe is formed inside the holographic diffraction grating constituting the second deflection means 132.

[0122] The first deflection means 131 diffracts and reflects parallel light incident on the light guide plate 121 from the second surface 123 so that it undergoes total internal reflection inside the light guide plate 121. The second deflection means 132 diffracts and reflects the light that has propagated through the inside of the light guide plate 121 by total internal reflection and guides it to the pupil 151 of the observer 150. The deflection means 132 constitutes the virtual image formation region in the light guide plate 121. The axes of the first deflection means 131 and the second deflection means 132 are parallel to the X direction, and their normals are parallel to the Z direction. Each reflective volume hologram diffraction grating made of photopolymer material has interference fringes formed on it that correspond to one wavelength band (or wavelength), and is manufactured using conventional methods. The pitch of the interference fringes formed on the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating is constant, the interference fringes are linear, and they are parallel to the Y direction.

[0123] Figure 28B shows an enlarged schematic partial cross-sectional view of a reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. Interference fringes with an inclination angle (slant angle) φ are formed on the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating. Here, the inclination angle φ refers to the angle between the surface of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating and the interference fringes. The interference fringes are formed from the inside of the reflective volume hologram diffraction grating to the surface. The interference fringes satisfy the Bragg condition. Here, the Bragg condition refers to the condition that satisfies the following equation (A). In equation (A), m is a positive integer, λ is the wavelength, d is the pitch of the grating plane (the spacing in the normal direction of the virtual plane containing the interference fringes), and Θ means the complementary angle of the angle of incidence to the interference fringes. Furthermore, the relationship between Θ, inclination angle φ, and incident angle ψ when light enters the diffraction grating member at an incident angle ψ is given by equation (B).

[0124] m·λ=2·d·sin(Θ) (A) Θ = 90° - (φ + ψ) (B)

[0125] The entire image forming apparatus 110 is housed within the housing 112. Furthermore, an optical system may be provided through which the image emitted from the display device 111 passes in order to control the display dimensions, display position, etc., of the image emitted from the display device 111. The type of optical system to be provided depends on the specifications required for the head-mounted display and the image forming apparatus 110.

[0126] The frame 140 consists of a front section 141 positioned in front of the observer 150, two temple sections 143 rotatably attached to both ends of the front section 141 via hinges 142, and temple tips (also called ear tips, ear pads) 144 attached to the ends of each temple section 143. A nose pad 140' is also attached. In other words, the assembly of the frame 140 and the nose pad 140' has basically the same structure as ordinary eyeglasses. Furthermore, each housing 112 is attached to the temple section 143 by a mounting member 149. The frame 140 is made of metal or plastic. Each housing 112 may be detachably attached to the temple section 143 by a mounting member 149. Alternatively, for an observer who owns and wears eyeglasses, each housing 112 may be detachably attached to the temple section 143 of the frame 140 of the observer's eyeglasses by a mounting member 149. Each housing 112 may be attached to the outside of the temple portion 143, or to the inside of the temple portion 143. Alternatively, the light guide plate 121 may be fitted into the rim provided on the front portion 141.

[0127] Furthermore, wiring (signal lines, power lines, etc.) 145 extending from one image forming apparatus 110 passes through the temple portion 143 and the modern portion 144, extends from the tip of the modern portion 144 to the outside, and is connected to a control device (control circuit, control means) 148. Moreover, each image forming apparatus 110 is equipped with a headphone portion 146, and wiring 146' for the headphone portion extending from each image forming apparatus 110 passes through the temple portion 143 and the modern portion 144, extends from the tip of the modern portion 144 to the headphone portion 146. More specifically, the wiring 146' for the headphone portion extends from the tip of the modern portion 144, wrapping around the back of the auricle (earlobe) to the headphone portion 146. This configuration avoids the impression that the headphone portion 146 and the wiring 146' for the headphone portion are haphazardly arranged, resulting in a neat and tidy head-mounted display.

[0128] As described above, the wiring (signal lines, power lines, etc.) 145 is connected to the control device (control circuit) 148, where processing for image display is performed. The control device 148 can be composed of well-known circuits.

[0129] A camera 147, consisting of a solid-state image sensor (CCD or CMOS sensor) and a lens (not shown), is mounted on the central portion 141' of the front section 141 by appropriate mounting members (not shown), as needed. Signals from the camera 147 are sent to a control device (control circuit) 148 via wiring (not shown) extending from the camera 147.

[0130] In the image display device of Example 5, the light emitted from the display device 111 at a given moment (for example, corresponding to the size of one pixel or one sub-pixel) is made into parallel light. This light then reaches the pupil 151 of the observer 150 (specifically, the lens), and the light that passes through the lens is finally imaged on the retina of the observer 150's pupil 151.

[0131] The present disclosure has been described above based on preferred embodiments, but the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. The configuration and structure of the display device (organic EL display device) and light-emitting element (organic EL element) described in the embodiments are illustrative and can be changed as appropriate, and the method of manufacturing the display device is also illustrative and can be changed as appropriate. The planarization layer can also be configured to function as a color filter layer. That is, a planarization layer having such a function can be made from a well-known color resist material. By making the planarization layer function as a color filter layer in this way, it becomes possible to arrange the organic layer and the planarization layer in close proximity, which effectively prevents color mixing even when the light emitted from the light-emitting element is widened, and improves the viewing angle characteristics.

[0132] Figure 17 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located within the reference point) constituting Modification 3 of the display device of Example 1, and Figure 18 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point). In this configuration, a light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) BM can be formed between the color filter layers CF of adjacent light-emitting elements. The black matrix layer BM consists of, for example, a black resin film with an optical density of 1 or more, mixed with a black coloring agent (specifically, for example, a black polyimide resin). Furthermore, Figure 19 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located within the reference point) constituting Modification 4 of the display device of Example 1, and Figure 20 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point). In this configuration, a light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) BM' can be formed between the lens members 50 of adjacent light-emitting elements. These Modifications 3 and 4 can also be combined, and various Modifications can be applied to other embodiments.

[0133] Figure 21 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (located away from the reference point) that constitutes a modified example-1 of the display device of Example 3. On the surface of the second substrate 41 facing the first substrate 11, there is a color filter layer CF (CF R CF G CF B A protective layer 34 is provided, and a lens member (on-chip microlens) 50 can be provided on the surface of the color filter layer CF facing the first substrate 11. The color filter layer CF, the lens member 50 and the protective layer 34 are bonded together by a sealing resin layer 36 made of an acrylic adhesive. Alternatively, a planarization film may be formed between the color filter layer CF and the lens member 50 using the same material as the lens member 50.

[0134] In the embodiment, three subpixels were formed from a combination of a white light-emitting element and a color filter layer to form one pixel. However, for example, four subpixels may be formed by adding a light-emitting element that emits white light. In this case, the light-emitting element that emits white light may have a transparent filter layer. A filter can be provided. In this embodiment, the light-emitting element driver was made from a MOSFET, but it can also be made from a TFT. The first and second electrodes may be single-layer or multi-layer structures.

[0135] To prevent optical crosstalk caused by light emitted from one light-emitting element penetrating an adjacent light-emitting element, a light-shielding section may be provided between the light-emitting elements. Specifically, a groove may be formed between the light-emitting elements, and this groove may be filled with a light-shielding material to form a light-shielding section. By providing a light-shielding section in this way, the amount of light emitted from one light-emitting element penetrating an adjacent light-emitting element can be reduced, suppressing phenomena such as color mixing and the deviation of the overall chromaticity of the pixel from the desired chromaticity. Since color mixing can be prevented, the color purity when the pixel emits monochromatic light increases, and the chromaticity point becomes deeper. Therefore, the color gamut is widened, and the range of color expression of the display device is broadened. In addition, although a color filter layer is placed for each pixel to improve color purity, depending on the configuration of the light-emitting element, it may be possible to thin the color filter layer or omit the color filter layer, making it possible to extract the light that was absorbed by the color filter layer, which in turn leads to an improvement in luminous efficiency. Alternatively, light-shielding properties may be given to the light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer).

[0136] The display device of this disclosure can be applied to a lens-interchangeable mirrorless type digital still camera. A front view of the digital still camera is shown in Figure 29A, and a rear view is shown in Figure 29B. This lens-interchangeable mirrorless type digital still camera has, for example, a camera body 211 with an interchangeable shooting lens unit (interchangeable lens) 212 on the front right side and a grip portion 213 for the photographer to hold on the front left side. A monitor 214 is provided approximately in the center of the rear of the camera body 211. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window) 215 is provided above the monitor 214. The photographer can determine the composition by looking through the electronic viewfinder 215 and viewing the light image of the subject guided from the shooting lens unit 212. In a lens-interchangeable mirrorless type digital still camera with such a configuration, the display device of this disclosure can be used as the electronic viewfinder 215.

[0137] The following explains the relationship between the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens element, and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength selection part.

[0138] Furthermore, the size of the wavelength-selecting section (e.g., color filter layer) may be appropriately changed in accordance with the light emitted by the light-emitting element, and if a light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) is provided between the wavelength-selecting sections (e.g., color filter layers) of adjacent light-emitting elements, the size of the light-absorbing layer (black matrix layer) may be appropriately changed in accordance with the light emitted by the light-emitting element. In addition, the size of the wavelength-selecting section (e.g., color filter layer) may be appropriately changed according to the distance (offset amount) d0 between the normal passing through the center of the light-emitting element and the normal passing through the center of the color filter layer CF. The planar shape of the wavelength-selecting section (e.g., color filter layer) may be the same as, similar to, or different from the planar shape of the lens member.

[0139] In the examples shown in Figures 1, 17, 19, and 21, the conceptual diagram is shown in Figure 30A, where the normal LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part, and the normal LN' passing through the center of the lens member coincide. That is, D0 = d0 = 0.

[0140] Furthermore, in the examples shown in Figures 2, 11, 18, and 20, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 30B, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part coincide, but the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part do not coincide with the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member. That is, D0 ≠ d0 = 0.

[0141] Furthermore, in the example shown in Figure 10, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 30C, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member do not coincide, while the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member do coincide. That is, D0 = d0 > 0.

[0142] As shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 31, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member do not coincide, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member does not coincide with the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part. Here, it is preferable that the center of the wavelength-selecting part (shown as a black square in Figure 31) is located on the straight line LL connecting the center of the light-emitting part and the center of the lens member (shown as a black circle in Figure 31). Specifically, when LL1 is the distance from the center of the light-emitting part in the thickness direction to the center of the wavelength-selecting part, and LL2 is the distance from the center of the wavelength-selecting part in the thickness direction to the center of the lens member, D0>d0>0 Therefore, taking into account manufacturing variations, d0:D0=LL1:(LL1+LL2) It is preferable that the following conditions be met.

[0143] In the example shown in Figure 13, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 32A, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member coincide. That is, D0 = d0 = 0. In the example shown in Figure 14, as shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 32B, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member do not coincide, while the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member coincide. That is, D0 = d0 > 0.

[0144] As shown in the conceptual diagram in Figure 33, the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member do not coincide, and the normal vector LN' passing through the center of the lens member does not coincide with the normal vector LN passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal vector LN'' passing through the center of the wavelength-selecting part. Here, it is preferable that the center of the wavelength-selecting part is located on the straight line LL connecting the center of the light-emitting part and the center of the lens member. Specifically, when LL1 is the distance from the center of the light-emitting part in the thickness direction to the center of the wavelength-selecting part (shown as a black square in Figure 33), and LL2 is the distance from the center of the wavelength-selecting part in the thickness direction to the center of the lens member (shown as a black circle in Figure 33), d0>D0>0 Therefore, taking into account manufacturing variations, D0:d0=LL2:(LL1+LL2) It is preferable that the following conditions be met.

[0145] When a resonator structure is provided, as described above, the organic layer 33 may be used as the resonant part and the resonator structure may be sandwiched between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32, or the light-reflecting layer 37 may be formed below the first electrode 31 (towards the first substrate 41), the organic layer 33 may be used as the resonant part and the resonator structure may be sandwiched between the light-reflecting layer 37 and the second electrode 32. That is, when the light-reflecting layer 37 is provided on the substrate 26, the interlayer insulating layer 38 is provided on the light-reflecting layer 37, and the first electrode 31 is provided on the interlayer insulating layer 38, the first electrode 31, the light-reflecting layer 37, and the interlayer insulating layer 38 may be made from the materials described above. The light-reflecting layer 37 may or may not be connected to the contact hole (contact plug) 27.

[0146] The following are Figures 34A (First Example), 34B (Second Example), 35A (Third Example), and 35B (Second Example). The resonator structure will be explained based on Examples 1 to 8, with reference to Figure 4 (Example 4), Figure 36A (Example 5), Figure 36B (Example 6), Figure 37A (Example 7), and Figures 37B and 37C (Example 8). Here, in Examples 1 to 4 and 7, the first electrode and the second electrode have the same thickness in each light-emitting section. On the other hand, in Examples 5 and 6, the first electrode has different thicknesses in each light-emitting section, and the second electrode has the same thickness in each light-emitting section. Furthermore, in Example 8, the first electrode may have different thicknesses in each light-emitting section, or it may have the same thickness, and the second electrode has the same thickness in each light-emitting section.

[0147] In the following description, the light-emitting parts constituting the first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103 are represented by reference numbers 301, 302, and 303; the first electrode is represented by reference numbers 311, 312, and 313; the second electrode is represented by reference numbers 321, 322, and 323; the organic layer is represented by reference numbers 331, 332, and 333; the light-reflecting layer is represented by reference numbers 371, 372, and 373; and the interlayer insulating layer is represented by reference numbers 381, 382, ​​383, 381', 382', and 383'. In the following description, the materials used are illustrative and can be changed as appropriate.

[0148] In the illustrated example, the resonator lengths of the first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103, derived from equations (1-1) and (1-2), were shortened in the order of the first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103. That is, the value of L0 was shortened in the order of the first light-emitting element 101, the second light-emitting element 102, and the third light-emitting element 103. However, this is not the only way to determine the optimal resonator length; the values ​​of m1 and m2 can be set appropriately.

[0149] Figure 34A shows a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the first example of a resonator structure, Figure 34B shows a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the second example of a resonator structure, Figure 35A shows a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the third example of a resonator structure, and Figure 35B shows a conceptual diagram of a light-emitting element having the fourth example of a resonator structure. In the first to sixth examples and part of the eighth example, interlayer insulating layers 38, 38' are formed below the first electrode 31 of the light-emitting section 30, and a light-reflecting layer 37 is formed below the interlayer insulating layers 38, 38'. In the first to fourth examples, the thickness of the interlayer insulating layers 38, 38' differs in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303. By appropriately setting the thickness of the interlayer insulating layers 381, 382, ​​383, 381', 382', and 383', it is possible to set the optical distance that produces optimal resonance with respect to the emission wavelength of the light-emitting section 30.

[0150] In the first example, the first interface (shown as a dotted line in the drawing) is at the same level in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303, while the level of the second interface (shown as a dashed line in the drawing) is different in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303. In the second example, the first interface is at different levels in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303, while the level of the second interface is the same in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303.

[0151] In the second example, the interlayer insulating layers 381', 382', and 383' are composed of an oxide film formed by oxidizing the surface of the light-reflecting layer 37. The interlayer insulating layer 38', which is composed of an oxide film, is composed of, for example, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc., depending on the material constituting the light-reflecting layer 37. The oxidation of the surface of the light-reflecting layer 37 can be carried out, for example, by the following method. That is, the first substrate 41 on which the light-reflecting layer 37 is formed is immersed in an electrolyte filled in a container. A cathode is also placed opposite the light-reflecting layer 37. Then, the light-reflecting layer 37 is anodized with the light-reflecting layer 37 as the anode. The thickness of the oxide film due to anodization is proportional to the potential difference between the light-reflecting layer 37, which is the anode, and the cathode. Therefore, anodization is carried out with a voltage corresponding to the light-emitting parts 301, 302, and 303 applied to each of the light-reflecting layers 371, 372, and 373, respectively. This allows interlayer insulating layers 381', 382', and 383', which consist of oxide films of different thicknesses, to be formed collectively on the surface of the light-reflecting layer 37. The thicknesses of the light-reflecting layers 371, 372, and 373, and the thicknesses of the interlayer insulating layers 381', 382', and 383' differ in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303.

[0152] In the third example, an undercoat 39 is provided beneath the light-reflecting layer 37, and the undercoat 39 has different thicknesses in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303. That is, in the illustrated example, the thickness of the undercoat 39 is increasing in the order of light-emitting section 301, light-emitting section 302, and light-emitting section 303.

[0153] In the fourth example, the thickness of the light-reflecting layers 371, 372, and 373 during film formation differs in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303. In the third and fourth examples, the second interface is at the same level in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303, while the level of the first interface differs in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303.

[0154] In the 5th and 6th examples, the thickness of the first electrodes 311, 312, and 313 differs in the light-emitting sections 301, 302, and 303. The light-reflecting layer 37 has the same thickness in each light-emitting section 30.

[0155] In the fifth example, the levels of the first interface are the same in the light-emitting units 301, 302, and 303, while the levels of the second interface are different in the light-emitting units 301, 302, and 303.

[0156] In the sixth example, an underlayer film 39 is disposed under the light reflection layer 37, and the underlayer film 39 has different thicknesses in the light-emitting units 301, 302, and 303. That is, in the illustrated example, the thickness of the underlayer film 39 increases in the order of the light-emitting unit 301, the light-emitting unit 302, and the light-emitting unit 303. In the sixth example, the second interface has the same level in the light-emitting units 301, 302, and 303, while the levels of the first interface are different in the light-emitting units 301, 302, and 303.

[0157] In the seventh example, the first electrodes 311, 312, and 313 also serve as the light reflection layer, and the optical constants (specifically, the phase shift amount) of the materials constituting the first electrodes 311, 312, and 313 are different in the light-emitting units 301, 302, and 303. For example, the first electrode 311 of the light-emitting unit 301 may be made of copper (Cu), and the first electrodes 312 of the light-emitting unit 302 and 313 of the light-emitting unit 303 may be made of aluminum (Al).

[0158] In the eighth example, the first electrodes 311 and 312 also serve as the light reflection layer, and the optical constants (specifically, the phase shift amount) of the materials constituting the first electrodes 311 and 312 are different in the light-emitting units 301 and 302. For example, the first electrode 311 of the light-emitting unit 301 may be made of copper (Cu), and the first electrodes 312 of the light-emitting unit 302 and 313 of the light-emitting unit 303 may be made of aluminum (Al). In the eighth example, for example, the seventh example is applied to the light-emitting units 301 and 302, and the first example is applied to the light-emitting unit 303. The thicknesses of the first electrodes 311, 312, and 313 may be different or the same.

[0159] Incidentally, the present disclosure can also adopt the following configuration. [A01] 《Display device》 A light-emitting unit, and A lens member through which light emitted from the light-emitting unit passes, A display device having a display panel including a plurality of light-emitting elements, When the distance between the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part and the normal line passing through the center of the lens member is D0, in at least a part of the light-emitting elements provided in the display panel, a display device in which the value of the distance D0 is not zero. [A02] A reference point is assumed, and the distance D0 depends on the distance D1 from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part. The display device according to [A01]. [A03] The reference point is assumed within the display panel. The display device according to [A01] or [A02]. [A04] The reference point is not located in the central region of the display panel. The display device according to [A03]. [A05] A plurality of reference points are assumed. The display device according to [A03] or [A04]. [A06] When one reference point is assumed, the reference point is not included in the central region of the display panel. When a plurality of reference points are assumed, at least one reference point is not included in the central region of the display panel. The display device according to [A03]. [A07] The reference point is assumed outside the display panel. The display device according to [A01] or [A02]. [A08] A plurality of reference points are assumed. The display device according to [A07]. [A09] The light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the lens member converges in a certain region of the space outside the display device. The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A08]. [A10] The light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the lens member diverges in the space outside the display device. The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A08]. [A11] The light emitted from each light-emitting element and passing through the lens member is parallel light. The display device according to any one of [A01] to [A06]. [A12] A reference point is set, A plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, Let the distance from the reference point to the normal line passing through the center of the light-emitting part be D1, and the values of the distance D0 in the first direction and the second direction be D0-X ,D 0-Y Let D1 be the value of the first direction and the second direction. 1-X ,D 1-Y In that case, D 1-X D 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It changes linearly, or D 1-X D 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It changes non-linearly, or, D 1-X D 0-X It changes nonlinearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y It changes linearly, or D 1-X D 0-X It changes nonlinearly, D 1-Y D 0-Y The display device described in any one of the items [A01] to [A11], which changes non-linearly. [A13] A reference point has been set. A display device according to any one of items [A01] to [A12], wherein, when the distance D1 is the distance from a reference point to the normal passing through the center of the light-emitting part, the value of distance D0 increases as the value of distance D1 increases. [A14] A display device according to any one of items [A01] to [A13], wherein a color filter layer is provided on the light incident side or light output side of the lens member. [A15] The display device according to [A14] wherein the orthographic projection of the lens element matches or is included in the orthographic projection of the color filter layer. [A16] The display device according to [A14] or [A15], wherein the light-emitting element has a distance D0 value that is not 0, and the normal passing through the center of the color filter layer coincides with the normal passing through the center of the light-emitting part. [A17] The display device according to [A14] or [A15], wherein in a light-emitting element where the value of distance D0 is not 0, the normal passing through the center of the color filter layer and the normal passing through the center of the lens member coincide. [A18] The orthogonal projection of the lens element is included in the orthogonal projection of the color filter layer. The display device according to [A14], wherein, in a light-emitting element where the value of distance D0 is not 0, the normal passing through the center of the color filter layer coincides with the normal passing through the center of the light-emitting part. [A19] The orthogonal projection image of the lens element is included in the orthogonal projection image of the color filter layer. The display device according to [A14], wherein, in a light-emitting element where the value of distance D0 is not 0, the normal passing through the center of the color filter layer and the normal passing through the center of the lens member coincide. [A20] The orthogonal projection of the lens element coincides with the orthogonal projection of the color filter layer. The display device according to [A14], wherein, in a light-emitting element where the value of distance D0 is not 0, the normal passing through the center of the color filter layer and the normal passing through the center of the lens member coincide. [A21] A display device according to any one of [A14] to [A17], wherein a light-absorbing layer is formed between the color filter layers of adjacent light-emitting elements. [A22] A light-absorbing layer is formed between adjacent lens members, as described in any one of [A01] to [A21]. [A23] The light-emitting portion provided in the light-emitting element includes an organic electroluminescent layer, as described in any one of [A01] to [A22]. [Explanation of symbols]

[0160] 10, 10R, 10G, 10B... Light-emitting element, 11... First substrate, 20... Transistor, 21... Gate electrode, 22... Gate insulating layer, 23... Channel formation region, 24... Source / drain region, 25... Element isolation region, 26... Substrate, 27... Contact plug, 28... Insulating layer, 30... Light-emitting part, 31... First electrode, 32... Second electrode, 33... Organic layer, 34... Protective layer, 35... Planarization layer, 35'... Planarization film, 36... Sealing resin layer, 37... Light-reflecting layer, 38... Interlayer insulating layer, 39... Underlayer film, 41... Second substrate, 50... Lens component (on-chip microlens), 60... Lens component forming layer, 61... Resist material layer, CF R CF G CF B ...Color filter layer, BM, BM'...Black matrix layer

Claims

1. Light-emitting part, A lens member through which light emitted from the light-emitting part passes, and A color filter layer provided on the light incident side or light output side of the lens member, A display device having a display panel equipped with a plurality of light-emitting elements, In a cross-sectional view, the first normal passing through the center of the light-emitting portion and the second normal passing through the center of the lens member do not coincide in at least one of the light-emitting elements. There is a gap between adjacent lens members, and at least some of the adjacent color filter layers have an overlapping region where the color filter layers overlap. In at least one of the light-emitting elements, at least a portion of the gap is located above or below the overlapping region. The width of the lens member is narrower than the width of the color filter layer. Display device.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, in the light-emitting element in which the first normal and the second normal do not coincide, the normal passing through the center of the color filter layer does not coincide with the first normal and the second normal.

3. The distance between the first normal and the second normal is D. 0 In this case, at least one of the light-emitting elements, the distance D 0 The display device according to claim 1, wherein the value of is not zero.

4. A reference point is assumed, distance D 0 The distance D is the distance from the reference point to the first normal. 1 The display device according to claim 3, which depends on the present.

5. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the reference point is assumed to be within the display panel.

6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the reference point is not located in the central region of the display panel.

7. The display device according to claim 5, wherein multiple reference points are assumed.

8. The display device according to claim 5, wherein, when one reference point is assumed, the reference point is not included in the central region of the display panel, and when multiple reference points are assumed, at least one of the reference points is not included in the central region of the display panel.

9. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the reference point is assumed to be outside the display panel.

10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of the aforementioned reference points are assumed.

11. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the light emitted from each of the light-emitting elements and passing through the lens member converges to a certain region in the space outside the display device.

12. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the light emitted from each of the light-emitting elements and passing through the lens member diverges into space outside the display device.

13. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the light emitted from each of the light-emitting elements and passing through the lens member is parallel light.

14. A reference point has been set, The multiple light-emitting elements are arranged in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction. Let the distance from the reference point to the first normal be D 1 and, for the distance D 0 let the values in the first direction and the second direction thereof be D 0-X , D 0-Y and, for the distance D 1 let the values in the first direction and the second direction thereof be D 1-X , D 1-Y When this is done D 1-X D in response to the change 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D in response to the change 0-Y It changes linearly, or D 1-X D in response to the change 0-X It changes linearly, D 1-Y D in response to the change 0-Y It changes non-linearly, or, D 1-X D in response to the change 0-X It changes nonlinearly, D 1-Y D in response to the change 0-Y It changes linearly, or D 1-X D in response to the change 0-X It changes nonlinearly, D 1-Y D in response to the change 0-Y The display device according to claim 3, wherein the variable changes nonlinearly.

15. A reference point has been set, The distance from the aforementioned reference point to the first normal is D. 1 In this case, distance D 1 As the value of increases, the distance D 0 The display device according to claim 3, wherein the value of increases.

16. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the orthogonal projection image of the lens member coincides with or is included in the orthogonal projection image of the color filter layer.

17. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a light-absorbing layer is formed between adjacent lens members.

18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein a light-absorbing layer is formed on the overlapping region.

19. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting portion provided in the light-emitting element includes an organic electroluminescent layer.

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