multi-family housing

Abstract

To provide an apartment house capable of improving workability while preventing fire spread between houses via an attic space.SOLUTION: An apartment house 1 includes a plurality of dwelling units 2. The apartment house 1 includes a ceiling material 3, and an attic space 5 surrounded by a roof 4 and the ceiling material 3. In the ceiling material 3, a first gypsum board 11 and a second gypsum board 12 are stacked in a thickness direction. The first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 each have a thickness of 12 to 16 mm. The first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 include gypsum dihydrate of 70 wt.% to 80 wt.% and an inorganic aggregate of 20 wt.% or more. The attic space 5 is not provided with a parting wall for separating between the plurality of dwelling units 2.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to apartment houses.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, in apartment houses such as apartment buildings, various partition walls are provided between a plurality of dwelling units in order to prevent the spread of fire from the attic (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] The installation work of the partition wall requires a lot of labor, and there is a problem of reducing the workability of the construction of the apartment house. On the other hand, it is also necessary to prevent the spread of fire between dwelling units through the attic.

[0005] The present invention has been devised in view of the above actual situation, and a main object thereof is to provide an apartment house that can improve workability while preventing the spread of fire between dwelling units through the attic.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The present invention is an apartment house including a plurality of dwelling units, including a ceiling material, an attic surrounded by a roof and the ceiling material, the ceiling material having a first gypsum board and a second gypsum board overlapped in the thickness direction, each of the first gypsum board and the second gypsum board having a thickness of 12 to 16 mm, the first gypsum board and the second gypsum board including 70 wt% to 80 wt% of gypsum dihydrate and 20 wt% or more of an inorganic aggregate, and the attic having no partition wall for partitioning between the plurality of dwelling units.

Effects of the Invention

[0007] By adopting the above configuration, the apartment building of the present invention can prevent the spread of fire between dwelling units via the attic while improving constructability. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view showing the apartment building according to this embodiment. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ceiling material as seen from the x-axis direction. [Figure 3] Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ceiling material as seen from the y-axis direction. [Figure 4] (a) is a figure showing the results of the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material of the example, and (b) is a figure showing the results of the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material of the comparative example. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the drawings contain exaggerations and representations that differ from the actual dimensional ratios of the structures in order to aid in understanding the content of the invention. Furthermore, the same or common elements are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout each embodiment, and redundant explanations are omitted. Moreover, the specific configurations shown in the embodiments and drawings are for the purpose of understanding the content of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations shown in the drawings.

[0010] [Apartment housing] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the apartment building 1 of this embodiment. Figures 2 and 3 are enlarged partial views of the ceiling material 3 in Figure 1. In a Cartesian coordinate system with the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis perpendicular to the x-axis and y-axis, Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ceiling material 3 in Figure 1 as seen from the x-axis direction, and Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the ceiling material 3 in Figure 1 as seen from the y-axis direction. Also, Figure 1 omits the furring strips 6 shown in Figures 2 and 3. Figures 2 and 3 omit the ceiling insulation material 15 shown in Figure 1.

[0011] The multi-unit dwelling 1 in this embodiment includes multiple dwelling units 2, and examples include apartments and condominiums. In Figure 1, a single-story multi-unit dwelling 1 is shown as an example, but it may also be a multi-unit dwelling that includes upper floors of two stories or more.

[0012] Apartment building 1 is composed of a ceiling material 3, a roof 4, and an attic 5. Furthermore, apartment building 1 in this embodiment includes furring strips 6 for fixing the ceiling material 3, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.

[0013] [Dwelling Unit] As shown in Figure 1, the multiple dwelling units 2 of this embodiment are separated by, for example, ceiling materials 3, floors 8, exterior walls 9, partition walls 10, and openings (not shown). Of these components, it is preferable that the floors 8, exterior walls 9, partition walls 10, and openings have known structures and that they have high fire resistance.

[0014] [roof] The roof 4 has a known structure that can be used in the apartment building 1. Preferably, this roof 4 includes, for example, a roofing material 7 with high fire resistance.

[0015] [Attic] The attic 5 is configured as a space enclosed by the roof 4 and ceiling material 3. This attic 5 does not have partition walls (not shown) separating it from the multiple dwelling units 2. Therefore, the labor-intensive work of installing partition walls is eliminated, improving the constructability of the apartment building 1. Furthermore, in this embodiment of the apartment building 1, a single attic ventilation device (not shown) can ventilate the entire attic 5. Therefore, unlike conventional apartment buildings, there is no need to install attic ventilation devices in each section separated by partition walls. Consequently, the installation cost and running costs of the attic ventilation device can be reduced.

[0016] [Wild veranda] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the edge 6 is for fixing the ceiling material 3. This edge 6 is fixed to a beam (not shown) extending in the y-axis direction, for example.

[0017] The edge 6 of the present embodiment is formed in a cylindrical shape with a substantially rectangular cross-section. Note that the edge 6 is not necessarily limited to such a shape and can be appropriately formed according to the rigidity required for the edge 6 or the like. From the viewpoint of enhancing the fire resistance performance, the edge 6 of the present embodiment is preferably made of metal such as steel.

[0018] The edge 6 of the present embodiment is configured to include a first edge 6A and a second edge 6B. Note that the edge 6 may be, for example, only the first edge 6A.

[0019] The first edge 6A extends in a direction (x-axis direction) orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the beam (not shown). As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of first edges 6A are provided at intervals in the longitudinal direction (y-axis direction) of the beam. The shortest distance L1 between adjacent first edges 6A, 6A can be set as appropriate and is set to, for example, 300 to 330 mm.

[0020] The second edge 6B extends in a direction (y-axis direction) orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the first edge 6A. At least one second edge 6B is provided in the longitudinal direction (x-axis direction) of the first edge 6A. With such a second edge 6B, the ceiling material 3 can be stably supported together with the first edge 6A.

[0021] [Ceiling material] The ceiling material 3 is configured to include a first gypsum board 11 and a second gypsum board 12. In the present embodiment, the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 are stacked in the thickness direction. Thereby, the ceiling material 3 is formed. These first gypsum board 11 and second gypsum board 12 mainly contain gypsum having flame retardancy. Therefore, the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material 3 composed of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 is enhanced.

[0022] In this embodiment, the first gypsum board 11 is positioned on the joist 6 side relative to the second gypsum board 12. The first gypsum board 11 is fixed to the lower surface 6u of the joist 6 using known fasteners (such as screws or staples). The second gypsum board 12 is fixed to the lower surface 11u of the first gypsum board 11, which is fixed to the joist 6. The second gypsum board 12 can be fixed to the first gypsum board 11 using, for example, fasteners (such as staples and screws) or adhesives.

[0023] In this embodiment, the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 are lifted separately to form the ceiling material 3. This improves the workability of the apartment building 1 compared to, for example, the case where a ceiling material with a large thickness (the combined thickness of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12) is lifted.

[0024] As shown in Figure 2, the thicknesses W1 and W2 of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 are set to 12-16 mm. By setting the respective thicknesses W1 and W2 to 12 mm or more, the thickness W of the ceiling material 3, which is formed by overlapping the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12, becomes larger. This improves the fire resistance and sound insulation performance of the ceiling material 3.

[0025] On the other hand, by setting the respective thicknesses W1 and W2 to 16 mm or less, the weight increase of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 is suppressed. As a result, the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 can be easily lifted, improving the workability of the apartment building 1 (ceiling material 3). In order to effectively exert this effect, the thicknesses W1 and W2 are preferably 13 mm or less.

[0026] The first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 in this embodiment are formed based on predetermined dimensions (for example, 900 mm x 1800 mm). This improves the versatility of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12.

[0027] In this embodiment, the ceiling material 3 is formed to be wider than the dimensions of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12. Therefore, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the ceiling material 3 of this embodiment is composed of a plurality of first gypsum boards 11 and a plurality of second gypsum boards 12. The plurality of first gypsum boards 11, 11 are arranged side by side via a first joint 13. On the other hand, the plurality of second gypsum boards 12, 12 are arranged side by side via a second joint 14.

[0028] The first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 have a lower proportion of dihydrate gypsum compared to general gypsum boards, while the proportion of inorganic aggregate is set higher. For reference, the proportions of each component in general gypsum boards are, for example, 93.4% to 98.5% by weight for dihydrate gypsum, 1.0% to 3.0% by weight for inorganic aggregate (such as vermiculite), and 0.5% to 3.6% by weight for other additives (such as tack enhancers). Note that the weight percentage is the proportion when the total components of the gypsum board are considered to be 100% by weight.

[0029] The first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 have a lower proportion of dihydrate gypsum compared to general gypsum boards, resulting in a relatively smaller amount of crystalline water held within each. This reduces thermal contraction of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 when exposed to flames or heat. Consequently, the increase in the gaps between the first gypsum boards 11, 11 (first joint 13) and between the second gypsum boards 12, 12 (second joint 14) due to thermal contraction is suppressed. Therefore, the entry of flames through these gaps is suppressed, and the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material 3 is enhanced. Furthermore, the proportion of flame-retardant inorganic aggregates in the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 is set higher than in general gypsum boards, which can suppress the decrease in the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material 3 that occurs with a decrease in the proportion of dihydrate gypsum.

[0030] To effectively exert these effects, it is preferable that the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 contain 80% by weight or less of dihydrate gypsum. By setting the dihydrate gypsum content to 80% by weight or less, the amount of crystalline water contained inside the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 is reduced, thereby improving the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material 3.

[0031] On the other hand, if the amount of dihydrate gypsum is less than necessary, the amount of crystalline water contained inside the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 decreases, and the rate of temperature rise when exposed to flames or heat increases. In this case, the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material 3 may not be sufficiently enhanced. From this viewpoint, it is preferable that the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 contain 70% by weight or more of dihydrate gypsum.

[0032] The first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 preferably contain 20% by weight or more of inorganic aggregate. Including 20% ​​by weight or more of such flame-retardant inorganic aggregate can suppress the decrease in the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material 3 that occurs when the proportion of dihydrate gypsum decreases. On the other hand, if the amount of inorganic aggregate becomes unnecessarily large, the proportion of dihydrate gypsum and the proportion of known additives (such as adhesive enhancers) necessary for forming the board may decrease. For this reason, the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 preferably contain 25% by weight or less of inorganic aggregate.

[0033] As described above, in the apartment building 1 of this embodiment, the thicknesses W1 and W2 (shown in Figure 2) of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 constituting the ceiling material 3 are limited to the above range, and the mixing ratio of dihydrate gypsum and inorganic aggregate is also limited to the above range. As a result, in the apartment building 1 of this embodiment shown in Figure 1, the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material 3 is enhanced, making it possible to prevent the spread of fire between dwelling units 2, 2 via the attic 5, even if a partition wall (not shown) is not provided in the attic 5. Furthermore, in the apartment building 1 of this embodiment, the installation work of partition walls is unnecessary, and the decrease in workability due to the increase in weight of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 (shown in Figure 2) can be suppressed. Therefore, the apartment building 1 of this embodiment can improve workability while preventing the spread of fire between dwelling units 2, 2 via the attic 5.

[0034] The aggregate can be any inorganic material as appropriate. In this embodiment, the aggregate preferably includes at least one of diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, perlite, clay, glass fiber, vermiculite, and kaolin. These aggregates enhance the fire resistance of the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12.

[0035] The first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 may contain only one of the aggregates mentioned above, or they may contain two or more aggregates. Furthermore, it is preferable that the aggregates contain at least diatomaceous earth (for example, Wakkanai diatomaceous earth). Such diatomaceous earth can impart high humidity control performance to the ceiling material 3 including the first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12.

[0036] The first gypsum board 11 and the second gypsum board 12 can be manufactured using the same manufacturing process as conventional gypsum boards, except that the mixing ratio of dihydrate gypsum and inorganic aggregate differs from that of conventional gypsum boards.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2, it is preferable that the first joint 13 and the second joint 14 are offset in the planar direction (in this example, the y-axis direction) of the first gypsum board 11. This ensures that the upper part of the second joint 14 is covered by the lower surface 11u of the first gypsum board 11. Therefore, even if flames enter through the second joint 14 due to the expansion of the joint width of the second joint 14 caused by the thermal contraction of the second gypsum boards 12, 12, they can be blocked by the lower surface 11u of the first gypsum board 11. Consequently, the fire resistance of the ceiling material 3 is enhanced, and the spread of fire between the dwelling units 2, 2 via the attic 5 shown in Figure 1 can be prevented.

[0038] To effectively achieve this effect, it is preferable that the shortest distance L2 between the first joint 13 and the second joint 14 in the planar direction (y-axis direction in this example) of the first gypsum board 11 be set to 150 mm or more. This causes a large misalignment between the first joint 13 and the second joint 14 in the planar direction of the first gypsum board 11, and flames entering the second joint 14 are blocked by the lower surface 11u of the first gypsum board 11. Furthermore, even if flames enter the lower surface 11u from the second joint 14, it is suppressed from reaching (entering) the first joint 13. As a result, the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material 3 is enhanced, and the spread of fire between the two dwelling units 2, 2 via the attic 5 shown in Figure 1 can be prevented.

[0039] On the other hand, if the shortest distance L2 becomes unnecessarily large, the second joint 14 will approach other first joints (not shown) adjacent to the first joint 13 in the y-axis direction. In this case, flames entering the lower surface 11u from the second joint 14 may enter the other first joints. For this reason, the shortest distance L2 may be set to 450 mm or less.

[0040] It is preferable to place a joist 6 (first joist 6A in this example) above the first joint 13. This allows the flames to be blocked by the lower surface 6u of the joist 6, even if, for example, flames enter the first joint 13 from the second joint 14. Therefore, the spread of fire between the two dwelling units 2, 2 via the attic 5 shown in Figure 1 can be prevented.

[0041] As shown in Figure 3, the first joint 13 and the second joint 14 may be aligned in the planar direction of the first gypsum board 11 (in this example, the x-axis direction). In this case, it is preferable to place a furring strip 6 (in this example, the second furring strip 6B) above the first joint 13. This allows flames to enter through the first joint 13 and the second joint 14 due to thermal contraction of the first gypsum boards 11, 11 and the second gypsum boards 12, 12, for example, and the flames can be blocked by the lower surface 6u of the furring strip 6. Therefore, the spread of fire between the dwelling units 2, 2 via the attic 5 can be prevented.

[0042] As shown in Figure 1, the apartment building 1 may further include ceiling insulation material 15 arranged adjacent to the ceiling material 3. In this embodiment, the ceiling insulation material 15 is arranged on the upper surface 3t of the ceiling material 3. With such ceiling insulation material 15, heat transmitted from the attic 5 to the dwelling units 2 and heat transmitted from the dwelling units 2 to the attic 5 is blocked, thereby improving the insulation performance of each dwelling unit 2. Furthermore, the ceiling insulation material 15, together with the ceiling material 3 which has improved sound insulation performance, blocks sound transmitted from the dwelling units 2 to the attic 5 and sound transmitted from the attic 5 to the dwelling units 2, thereby suppressing sound leakage between the dwelling units 2, 2. This improves the sound insulation performance of the apartment building 1.

[0043] A known material can be used for the ceiling insulation material 15. In this embodiment, it is preferable to use a fire-resistant insulation material (for example, a fibrous material such as rock wool or glass wool) for the ceiling insulation material 15. Such a ceiling insulation material 15, together with the ceiling material 3 with enhanced fire resistance, can prevent the spread of fire between the dwelling units 2, 2 via the attic 5.

[0044] In the apartment building 1 of this embodiment, since there is no partition wall (not shown) in the attic 5, the ease of installation of the ceiling insulation material 15 is improved.

[0045] Although particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments and can be implemented in various modified forms. [Examples]

[0046] Ceiling materials were manufactured based on the specifications below (Examples and Comparative Examples). The formulations of additives other than dihydrate gypsum and inorganic aggregates were set to be the same as those for conventional gypsum board in both the Examples and Comparative Examples. References (Japan Building Research Institute, "Performance Evaluation of Reinforced Ceilings," [online], [Accessed October 18, 2022], Internet)<URL:https: / / www.gbrc.or.jp / assets / documents / center / taika_mail05.pdf> Based on the procedure described in (), the fire resistance performance of the ceiling materials in the examples and comparative examples was evaluated, respectively.

[0047] The specifications of the ceiling materials in the examples and comparative examples are as follows: Ceiling material in the example: Thickness of the first gypsum board W1: 12.5mm Second gypsum board thickness W2: 12.5mm Thickness W: 25.0mm Gypsum dihydrate: 80% by weight Inorganic aggregate (diatomaceous earth): 20% by weight Ceiling material of the comparative example Thickness: 25.0 mm Gypsum dihydrate: 95% by weight Inorganic aggregate (diatomaceous earth): 5% by weight

[0048] Figure 4 shows the results of the fire resistance performance of the ceiling material. Figure 4(a) shows the results for ceiling material 3 of the example, and Figure 4(b) shows the results for the ceiling material of the comparative example. Both Figures 4(a) and (b) show the unheated side of the ceiling material.

[0049] The test results showed that ceiling material 3 in the example suppressed the entry of flames through gaps (first and second joints) and prevented the spread of fire to the substrate supporting the ceiling material, compared to the ceiling material in the comparative example. This is because ceiling material 3 in the example exhibited less thermal shrinkage than ceiling material in the comparative example.

[0050] Furthermore, unlike the ceiling material of the comparative example, the ceiling material of the embodiment is composed of a first gypsum board 11 and a second gypsum board (not shown) set to the above-mentioned thicknesses W1 and W2, thereby suppressing the increase in their weight and improving workability.

[0051] Furthermore, in this embodiment, by using a ceiling material with high fire resistance, it was possible to prevent the spread of fire between dwelling units through the attic, even without installing partition walls in the attic, while also improving constructability.

[0052] [Note] The present invention includes the following embodiments.

[0053] [Invention 1] A multi-unit dwelling that includes multiple dwelling units, Including the ceiling material and the attic enclosed by the roof and the said ceiling material, The aforementioned ceiling material consists of a first gypsum board and a second gypsum board layered in the thickness direction. The thickness of the first gypsum board and the second gypsum board is 12 to 16 mm. The first gypsum board and the second gypsum board each contain 70% to 80% by weight of dihydrate gypsum and 20% or more by weight of inorganic aggregate. In the aforementioned attic space, there are no partition walls separating the multiple dwelling units. apartment complex. [2nd Invention] The aforementioned aggregate comprises at least one of diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, perlite, clay, glass fiber, vermiculite, and kaolin, as described in Invention 1. [Invention 3] The apartment building according to invention 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the first gypsum board and the second gypsum board is 12 to 13 mm. [4th Invention] The ceiling material includes a plurality of first gypsum boards arranged with a first joint in between, and a plurality of second gypsum boards arranged with a second joint in between. The apartment building according to any one of inventions 1 to 3, wherein the first joint and the second joint are offset in the planar direction of the first gypsum board. [5th ​​Invention] Including joists for fixing the aforementioned ceiling material, The first gypsum board is positioned on the joist side relative to the second gypsum board, The apartment building according to the present invention, wherein the ceiling joists are arranged above the first joint. [Invention 6] The apartment building according to any one of claims 1 to 5 of the present invention, further comprising a ceiling insulation material disposed adjacent to the aforementioned ceiling material. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0054] 1 Apartment complex 2 dwelling units 3 Ceiling materials 4. Roof 5 Attic 11. First gypsum board 12. Second type of gypsum board

Claims

1. A multi-unit dwelling that includes multiple dwelling units, It includes a ceiling material, an attic enclosed by the roof and the ceiling material, and joists for fixing the ceiling material, The aforementioned ceiling material consists of multiple first gypsum boards arranged with a first joint in between, and multiple second gypsum boards arranged with a second joint in between, which are stacked in the thickness direction. The thickness of the first gypsum board and the second gypsum board is 12 to 16 mm. The first gypsum board and the second gypsum board each contain 70% to 80% by weight of dihydrate gypsum and 20% by weight or more of inorganic aggregate. In the aforementioned attic space, there are no partition walls separating the multiple dwelling units. The first gypsum board is positioned on the joist side relative to the second gypsum board, The furring strip is composed of a first furring strip and a second furring strip extending in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first furring strip. The first joint and the second joint are offset in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first furring strip, and the first furring strip is positioned above the first joint that is offset from the second joint. The first joint and the second joint are aligned along the longitudinal direction of the first furring strip, and the second furring strip is positioned above the first joint which is aligned with the second joint. apartment complex.

2. The apartment building according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate comprises at least one of diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, perlite, clay, glass fiber, vermiculite, and kaolin.

3. The apartment building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the first gypsum board and the second gypsum board is 12 to 13 mm.

4. The apartment building according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a ceiling insulation material arranged adjacent to the ceiling material.

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