Exterior structure

Abstract

To provide an exterior structure capable of suppressing deterioration in appearance due to efflorescence over the long term.SOLUTION: An exterior structure 1 is disclosed. The exterior structure 1 includes: a concrete base 2 in which a part 8 of which is buried underground and fixed and an upper-end E of a remaining part 9 is located higher than a ground level GL; a concrete wall base 3 that is placed on the base 2 and vertically extends; and a decoration part 4 that includes a plurality of tiles 10 fixed to the surface of the concrete wall base 3. Between the top E of the base 2 and the wall base 3, a bonding material 13 is provided to bond them together. The bonding material 13 has a water permeability of 500 g / m2 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an outer structure.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, various outer structures have been proposed. For the outer structure, for example, a base material made of a cement-based material is frequently used (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] A base material made of a cement-based material has a problem that efflorescence occurs from the surface due to aging deterioration or the like, whitens the surface of the outer structure, and deteriorates the appearance. Further, when tiles or the like are fixed to the surface of the outer structure, there is a risk that efflorescence penetrates between the base material and the tiles, causing the tiles to peel off.

[0005] The present invention has been devised in view of the above actual situation, and the main object thereof is to provide an outer structure capable of suppressing the deterioration of appearance due to efflorescence over a long period of time.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The present invention is an outer structure including a concrete base portion partially buried and fixed in the ground and having the upper end of the remaining portion located at a higher position than the ground surface, a concrete wall base portion disposed on the base portion and extending vertically, and a decorative portion including a plurality of tiles fixed to the surface of the wall base portion. A bonding material for joining these is disposed between the upper end of the base portion and the wall base portion. The bonding material is 500 g / m 2The exterior structure has the following permeability: [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] By adopting the above configuration, the exterior structure of the present invention can suppress the deterioration of appearance due to efflorescence over a long period of time. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a front view of the exterior structure of this embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a side view of the exterior structure of this embodiment. [Figure 3] This is an exploded perspective view showing a portion of the exterior structure of this embodiment in a broken section. [Figure 4] This is a partial cross-sectional view of Figure 2. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the drawings contain exaggerations and representations that differ from the actual dimensional ratios of the structure in order to aid in understanding the content of the invention. Furthermore, the same or common elements are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout each embodiment, and redundant explanations are omitted. Moreover, the specific configurations shown in the embodiments and drawings are for the purpose of understanding the content of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations shown in the drawings.

[0010] [Structure of the exterior structure] Figure 1 is a front view of the exterior structure of this embodiment. Figure 2 is a side view of the exterior structure of this embodiment. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the exterior structure 1 of this embodiment is configured, for example, as the exterior of a building. While a residential building is given as an example, it may also be a building such as a skyscraper. Furthermore, although the exterior structure 1 of this embodiment is configured as a fence surrounding a building, it is not limited to this and may also be configured as a gate, for example.

[0011] Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view showing a section of the exterior structure of this embodiment. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the exterior structure 1 of this embodiment has an L-shaped side and its lower part is embedded in the ground. Also, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the height H and width W of the exterior structure 1 of this embodiment are set in the same way as the exterior of a typical house. The height H can be set as appropriate, for example, to 2.2m or less. The width W can be set as appropriate according to the height H, for example, to 10cm or more.

[0012] As shown in Figure 3, the exterior structure 1 of this embodiment includes a base portion 2, a wall base portion 3, and a decorative portion 4.

[0013] The base portion 2 of this embodiment constitutes the foundation of the exterior structure 1. The base portion 2 includes a first portion 5 and a second portion 6. The first portion 5 extends substantially horizontally through the ground. On the other hand, the second portion 6 extends upward (substantially vertically) from one end of the first portion 5, with a portion of it protruding from the ground level (GL). Such a base portion 2 constitutes an L-shaped foundation. Preferably, the bottom surface 7 of the first portion 5 of this embodiment is provided with a crushed stone layer (not shown), for example, made of crushed stone. Such a crushed stone layer makes it possible to prevent the base portion 2 from settling.

[0014] The base portion 2 is made of concrete. Therefore, the base portion 2 contains cement-based material. The wall substrate portion 3 and the decorative portion 4 are stably supported by such a base portion 2. In this embodiment, the base portion 2 is, for example, an RC structure with reinforcing bars (not shown) placed inside. This effectively maintains the strength of the base portion 2 in this embodiment and increases its durability. However, the base portion 2 is not limited to an RC structure; for example, it may be constructed as a strip foundation made of formwork concrete blocks.

[0015] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the base portion 2 of the present embodiment is divided into a partial portion 8 and a remaining portion 9. The partial portion 8 is a portion buried and fixed in the ground. The partial portion 8 of the present embodiment is composed of a first portion 5 and a part of a second portion 6. On the other hand, the remaining portion 9 is a portion of the base portion 2 excluding the partial portion 8, and its upper end E is located at a position higher than the ground GL. The remaining portion 9 of the present embodiment is a portion that protrudes substantially vertically from the ground GL in the second portion 6, and its appearance can be visually observed.

[0016] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the wall base portion 3 of the present embodiment is disposed on the base portion 2 and extends vertically. The wall base portion 3 is provided in a state of standing substantially perpendicular to the ground GL, similar to the remaining portion 9 of the base portion 2 described above. The width of the wall base portion 3 of the present embodiment is set to be substantially the same as, for example, the width of the remaining portion of the base portion 2. Thereby, in a side view of the exterior structure 1, the base portion 2 and the wall base portion 3 are integrated in appearance.

[0017] The wall base portion 3 of the present embodiment is made of concrete. Therefore, a cement-based material is included in the wall base portion 3. The wall base portion 3 of the present embodiment is, for example, an RC structure in which reinforcing bars are arranged inside. Thereby, the strength of the wall base portion 3 of the present embodiment is effectively maintained and the durability is enhanced. However, it is not limited to the RC structure, and for example, concrete blocks (not shown) made of a cement-based material may be stacked and formed. As the concrete blocks, for example, basic form blocks or the like among the hollow blocks in JIS A 5406 can be adopted. It is preferable that steel bars are inserted into the hollow portions of such concrete blocks and the hollow portions formed between adjacent concrete blocks, and further filled with mortar. Thereby, the strength of the wall base portion 3 is improved and the safety in terms of structural strength is ensured.

[0018] The decorative portion 4 of the present embodiment is for adding an exterior decoration to the wall base portion 3. The decorative portion 4 is configured to include a plurality of tiles 10 fixed to the surface of the wall base portion 3.

[0019] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of tiles 10 of the present embodiment are fixed to the front and side surfaces of the wall base portion 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the plurality of tiles 10 are fixed to the wall base portion 3 by an adhesive (cured product of the adhesive) 11. As the adhesive 11, the same one as the conventional one can be adopted, but it is preferable to adopt a silicone-based adhesive 11. The silicone-based adhesive of the present embodiment includes a silicone-based adhesive and a modified silicone-based adhesive. By such a silicone-based adhesive 11, for example, it is possible to suppress moisture such as rainwater from entering the wall base portion 3 from a cracked portion or a thinned portion due to aging deterioration or the like.

[0020] The silicone-based adhesive of the present embodiment is preferably, for example, a modified silicone-based adhesive. Thereby, the adhesive force between the tile 10 and the wall base portion 3 is effectively increased. Further, it is more preferable that the modified silicone-based adhesive of the present embodiment contains an acrylic resin as a skeletal resin. Thereby, the adhesive force between the tile 10 and the wall base portion 3 is further increased. In order to effectively exhibit such an action, it is preferable that the acrylic resin is contained in an amount of 10 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the adhesive.

[0021] The fixing of the tile 10 to the wall base portion 3 is not necessarily limited to such an adhesive, and for example, it may be fixed by an underlayment material (not shown) and mortar in the same manner as in Patent Document 1 above. The mortar is preferably, for example, polymer cement mortar. By such polymer cement mortar, it is possible to suppress moisture such as rainwater from entering the wall base portion 3 from a cracked portion or a thinned portion due to aging deterioration.

[0022] Incidentally, in conventional exterior structures, when the base part 2 and the wall substrate part 3, which are made of cement-based material, are directly joined, moisture such as rainwater that seeps into the ground penetrates from the base part 2 into the interior of the wall substrate part 3. As a result, the alkaline component (calcium hydroxide) contained in the cement-based material dissolves inside the wall substrate part 3. The dissolved alkaline component moves to the surface of the exterior structure 1 along with the moisture and precipitates as the moisture evaporates. Subsequently, the alkaline component reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form efflorescence (calcium carbonate). Thus, in conventional exterior structures, efflorescence is likely to occur on the surface of the exterior structure. When efflorescence occurs, it causes the surface of the exterior structure to become cloudy white, which worsens its appearance.

[0023] Furthermore, in conventional exterior structures, if tiles or the like are fixed to the surface of the exterior structure, alkaline components (free alkali) that have leached out from within the wall substrate 3 act as a deterioration factor for the adhesive 11. This may lead to the detachment of the tiles. The following explains how these problems are resolved.

[0024] [Effects and benefits of exterior structures] Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of Figure 2. As shown in Figure 4, a joining material 13 is placed between the upper end E of the base portion 2 and the wall substrate portion 3 of this embodiment to join them together. The joining material 13 of this embodiment has a thickness of 500 g / m 2 It has the following permeability.

[0025] In this embodiment, the "water permeability" is determined based on a procedure that modifies some of the test conditions, although a water permeability test apparatus with a substrate formed from bonding material 13 is used, similar to the water permeability test method A in JIS A 6909. In water permeability test method A, tap water is poured into the cylinder of the water permeability test apparatus up to the 200 mm mark, and the water permeability is determined from the difference between the water head height at that time and the water head height after 60 minutes. On the other hand, in this embodiment, tap water is poured into the cylinder up to the 20 mm mark, and the water permeability is determined from the difference between the water head height at that time and the water head height after 24 hours. This is because, as a result of the inventors' diligent research, they found that even if the test conditions are partially modified, results equivalent to those of water permeability test method A can be obtained. The substrate is made of the same material as the bonding material 13 and is formed to a thickness of 4 mm and a size of 390 × 190 mm in accordance with the provisions of JIS A 5430.

[0026] In this embodiment, the exterior structure 1 is constructed using a jointing material 13 whose permeability is set within the above range, which makes it difficult for moisture Wa that has penetrated the base portion 2 underground to penetrate the jointing material 13 (making it difficult for it to seep through). As a result, the penetration of moisture Wa into the wall substrate portion 3 is suppressed, and the leaching of alkaline components inside the wall substrate portion 3 is suppressed. Therefore, deterioration of appearance due to efflorescence is suppressed over a long period of time, and the appearance of the exterior structure 1 is kept beautiful for a long period of time.

[0027] Furthermore, by suppressing the leaching of alkaline components within the wall substrate 3, the deterioration of the adhesive 11 is inhibited. This can prevent the tiles 10 from peeling off.

[0028] To effectively exert the effects described above, the bonding material 13 has a density of 250 g / m². 2 It is more preferable to have the following permeability: a permeability of 250 g / m³. 2If the following conditions are met, the penetration of moisture Wa from the base section 2 through the jointing material 13 to the wall substrate section 3 can be more effectively suppressed, further reducing the occurrence of efflorescence. On the other hand, if the permeability becomes unnecessarily small, the workability may decrease. From this perspective, the jointing material 13 should be 100g / m 2 It is preferable that the permeability is as described above.

[0029] The bonding material 13 in this embodiment is preferably made of mortar or resin mortar. When the bonding material 13 is made of mortar, the permeability coefficient of the bonding material 13 can be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of water during mixing. This permeability coefficient is, for example, 1 × 10⁻⁶. ―5 By controlling the water permeability to be below cm / s, the amount of water permeability of the joint material 13 can be set within the above range. The water permeability coefficient referred to here is the value obtained when mortar is used as the test specimen in the variable water level water permeability test according to JIS A 1218. On the other hand, when the joint material 13 is composed of resin mortar, the water permeability coefficient of the joint material 13 can be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of resin mixed in as a binder in the mortar. Such resin fills the capillary voids that occur in the mortar, making it difficult for water to pass through the mortar. Therefore, by increasing the amount of resin mixed in, the water permeability coefficient of the joint material 13 can be reduced (to the above range), and consequently, the amount of water permeability can be set within the above range.

[0030] Moisture Wa, such as rainwater, seeping into the ground penetrates the base section 2 and is absorbed up to the upper part of the exterior structure 1. Therefore, the lower part of the exterior structure 1 is more likely to contain ground moisture Wa than the upper part. For this reason, it is preferable that the height HB (shown in Figures 1 and 2) of the upper end E of the base section 2 from the ground level (GL) is 20 cm or more. In this way, if the height HB is 20 cm or more, the amount of moisture Wa at the upper end E can be reduced. As a result, the moisture Wa that has penetrated the base section 2 can be more effectively prevented from passing through the joint material 13 and entering the wall substrate section 3. This reduces the amount of alkaline components that dissolve inside the wall substrate section 3, further suppressing the occurrence of efflorescence.

[0031] The thickness HC of the jointing material 13 is preferably 2 to 20 mm. If the thickness HC of the jointing material 13 is 2 mm or more, the penetration of moisture Wa into the base part 2 underground into the wall substrate part 3 is suppressed, and deterioration of appearance due to efflorescence can be suppressed over a long period of time. Furthermore, if the thickness of the jointing material 13 is 20 mm or less, construction costs can be reduced and workability can be improved.

[0032] The remaining portion 9 of the base 2 is located below the wall substrate 3 and is the closest to the ground level (GL) of the exterior structure 1. Therefore, moisture Wa absorbed by part 8 of the base 2 moves to the remaining portion 9, and alkaline components dissolve within it, making it prone to efflorescence deposition. For this reason, it is preferable that the decorative portion 4 is not placed on the remaining portion 9 of the base 2. This suppresses deterioration of the appearance of the decorative portion 4 due to efflorescence.

[0033] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, it is preferable that the exterior structure 1 further includes a coping 14 provided on the upper part of the wall base 3. Such coping 14 can suppress corrosion of the exterior structure 1 caused by rainfall.

[0034] The coping 14 may be made of, for example, marble or ceramic. The shape of the coping 14 can be set as appropriate, and it is preferable that it is set to the shape of a gable roof, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, and covers the entire upper end of the wall base 3.

[0035] It is more preferable to provide a metal coping flashing plate (not shown) between the coping 14 and the wall base 3. Such a coping flashing plate can prevent rainwater from entering the wall base 3 from the joints of the coping. The coping 14 and the wall base 3, and the coping flashing plate and the wall base 3 may be fixed together with a silicone-based adhesive (not shown). This suppresses the intrusion of rainwater from the top of the wall base 3, thereby suppressing the leaching of alkaline components inside the wall base 3. Therefore, the deposition of efflorescence on the surface of the exterior structure 1 is effectively suppressed.

[0036] [Note] The present invention includes the following embodiments.

[0037] [Invention 1] It is an exterior structure, A concrete base portion is partially buried and fixed in the ground, with the upper end of the remaining portion positioned higher than the ground level. A concrete wall base portion is placed on the aforementioned base portion and extends vertically, The decorative part includes a plurality of tiles fixed to the surface of the wall base, A joining material is provided between the upper end of the base portion and the wall base portion to join them together. The aforementioned bonding material is 500 g / m 2 Having the following permeability: Exterior structure. [2nd Invention] The exterior structure according to the present invention 1, wherein the bonding material is mortar or resin mortar. [Invention 3] An exterior structure according to the present invention 1 or 2, wherein the height of the upper end of the base portion from the ground is 20 cm or more. [4th Invention] The exterior structure according to any one of inventions 1 to 3, wherein the tile is fixed to the wall substrate with a silicone-based adhesive. [5th ​​Invention] The exterior structure according to any one of inventions 1 to 4, wherein the decorative part is not arranged on the remaining part of the base part. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0038] 1. Exterior structure 2 Base section 3. Wall base 4. Decorative parts 9 Remaining part of the base 10 tiles 13 Bonding material GL ground E Top

Claims

1. It is an exterior structure, A concrete base portion is partially buried and fixed in the ground, with the upper end of the remaining portion positioned higher than the ground level. A concrete wall base portion is placed on the aforementioned base portion and extends vertically, The decorative part includes a plurality of tiles fixed to the surface of the wall base, A joining material is provided between the upper end of the base portion and the wall base portion to join them together. The aforementioned bonding material is 500 g / m ２ It has the following permeability: The aforementioned tiles are fixed to the wall substrate with a silicone-based adhesive. The width of the wall base portion is set to be the same as the width of the remaining portion of the base portion. Exterior structure.

2. The exterior structure according to claim 1, wherein the joining material is mortar or resin mortar.

3. The exterior structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the height of the upper end of the base portion from the ground is 20 cm or more.

4. The exterior structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the decorative part is not arranged on the remaining part of the base part.

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