Structures and construction methods for structures

Abstract

To simplify a column-beam joint structure while improving economy of a foundation.SOLUTION: A structure 10 comprises a rectangular-shaped independent foundation 20 in plan view, four columns 30 erected at each of four corners of the independent foundation 20, and a plurality of beams 50 erected at each of the adjacent columns 30 and comprising a plane frame structure 52.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure and a construction method of the structure.

Background Art

[0002] As a foundation type of a structure, a spread foundation is known (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2).

[0003] Also, a built-up column composed of a plurality of column members is known (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 3).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Compared with a mat foundation or a solid foundation, a spread foundation has less amount of concrete and is excellent in economy.

[0006] However, since a spread foundation is provided for each column, when the number of columns increases, the number of spread foundations also increases, and there is a possibility that the economy deteriorates.

[0007] As a countermeasure, for example, it is conceivable to increase the cross-sectional area of the column and reduce the number of columns.

[0008] However, when the cross-sectional area of the column increases, there is a possibility that the joint structure of the column and beam becomes complicated.

[0009] Taking the above facts into consideration, the present invention aims to simplify the column-beam joint structure while improving the economic efficiency of the foundation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] Regarding the first aspect The structure comprises, in plan view, a rectangular independent foundation, four columns erected at each of the four corners of the independent foundation, and multiple beams that are erected between adjacent columns to form a planar frame.

[0011] First aspect In the structure described above, four columns are erected at each of the four corners of a rectangular independent foundation in plan view. In other words, the four columns are supported by one independent foundation. As a result, in this invention, the number of independent foundations can be reduced without increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the columns, compared to the case where one column is supported by an independent foundation.

[0012] Therefore, the economic efficiency of the structural foundation can be improved. Furthermore, since there is no need to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the columns, the column-beam connection structure can be simplified.

[0013] Thus, the present invention makes it possible to simplify the column-beam joint structure while improving the cost-effectiveness of the foundation.

[0014] Furthermore, since this invention does not require increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the column, commercially available lumber (standard lumber) can be used for the column. Therefore, the material cost of the column can be reduced.

[0015] Furthermore, multiple beams constituting the planar frame are installed on adjacent columns. This increases the rigidity of the four-column assembly, allowing for a reduction in the cross-sectional area of ​​each column. Consequently, the column-beam connection structure can be further simplified.

[0016] Furthermore, by erecting four pillars at each of the four corners of the independent foundation, the space enclosed by the four pillars can also be utilized.

[0017] Regarding the second aspect The structure is Regarding the first aspect In the structure, the column and the beam are pin-jointed.

[0018] Second aspect According to the structure related thereto, the column and the beam are pin-jointed. Thereby, the joint structure of the column and the beam can be further simplified.

[0019] Regarding the third aspect The structure is First aspect or Regarding the second aspect In the structure, it includes a plurality of the isolated footings arranged in two horizontal directions, and the dirt floor concrete provided between adjacent isolated footings.

[0020] Third aspect According to the structure related thereto, a plurality of isolated footings are arranged in two horizontal directions. Also, dirt floor concrete is provided between adjacent isolated footings.

[0021] By filling the space between the isolated footings with dirt floor concrete in this way, a floor can be formed with a simple structure.

[0022] Regarding the fourth aspect The construction method of the structure is to place and join the intersection parts of a plurality of beams joined in a grid shape in plan view on the column heads of four columns erected at the four corners of the rectangular isolated footing in plan view.

[0023] Fourth aspect According to the construction method of the structure related thereto, by previously joining a plurality of beams in a grid shape in plan view by means of a ground framework or the like, the hoisting work and the high-altitude work of the beams are reduced. Therefore, the workability of the beams is improved.

Effect of the Invention

[0024] As described above, according to the present invention, while simplifying the joint structure of the column and the beam, the economy of the foundation can be enhanced.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] [Figure 1]This is a plan cross-sectional view showing the first floor of a structure according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the isolated foundation. [Figure 3] Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the independent foundation. [Figure 4] This is a plan view showing the main structure of the roof of the structure shown in Figure 1. [Figure 5] This is a plan view showing the roof of the structure shown in Figure 1. [Figure 6] Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the joint between the beam intersection and the column head. [Figure 7] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the joint between the beam intersection and the column head. [Figure 8] This is a perspective view showing a modified example of a beam according to one embodiment. [Figure 9] Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the construction process of the beam. [Figure 10] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a reference example of the foundation. [Figure 11] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a reference example of the foundation. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0026] A structure according to one embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 shows a structure (building) 10 according to this embodiment. The structure 10 is a single-story building. This structure 10 is, for example, a shop. However, the use of the structure 10 is not limited to a shop and can be changed as appropriate.

[0028] (Independent basis) As shown in Figure 1, the structure 10 is equipped with multiple independent foundations 20. The multiple independent foundations 20 are arranged with spacing in two horizontal directions (arrow X direction and arrow Y direction). In this embodiment, the multiple independent foundations 20 are of the same size and shape and are arranged at equal intervals in the two horizontal directions.

[0029] Each independent foundation 20 is a reinforced concrete mat slab and is installed on the ground G (see Figure 2). Each independent foundation 20 is rectangular in shape when viewed from above. A concrete slab 22 is provided between adjacent independent foundations 20.

[0030] (Concrete floor) The concrete slab 22 is made of reinforced concrete and is laid across adjacent independent foundations 20. As shown in Figure 2, the upper surface 20U of the independent foundations 20 and the upper surface 22U of the concrete slab 22 are approximately flush. These concrete slabs 22 and independent foundations 20 form the first floor of the structure 10.

[0031] Furthermore, the upper surface 22U of the concrete slab 22 and the upper surface 20U of the independent foundation 20 are not necessarily flush; a step may be formed between the upper surface 22U of the concrete slab 22 and the upper surface 20U of the independent foundation 20.

[0032] (pillar) As shown in Figure 3, columns 30 are erected at each of the four corners of the independent foundation 20. The space enclosed by these four columns 30 (inner space) can be used, for example, as a passageway, equipment space, piping space, or product display space. Note that the floor concrete 22 is not shown in Figure 3.

[0033] As shown in Figure 2, the column 30 is a steel column formed, for example, from an H-shaped steel beam. The column 30 has a pair of flange portions 30A that face each other in the horizontal direction, and a web portion 30B that connects the pair of flange portions 30A. A base plate 32 is also provided on the lower surface of the column 30.

[0034] The base plate 32 is formed, for example, in a rectangular shape in plan view and is placed on the upper surface 20U of the independent foundation 20. The base plate 32 is also fixed to a plurality of anchor members 34, such as anchor bolts, embedded in the independent foundation 20, by nuts or the like. The column 30 is fixed to the upper surface 20U of the independent foundation 20 via this base plate 32.

[0035] The method of fixing the column 30 to the independent foundation 20 can be changed as appropriate.

[0036] (buckling stiffener) As shown in Figure 3, adjacent columns 30 are connected by buckling stiffeners 36. The buckling stiffeners 36 are made of, for example, wood or structural steel. The buckling stiffeners 36 are installed in the center of the axial direction of each adjacent column 30. These buckling stiffeners 36 suppress buckling of the columns 30.

[0037] Furthermore, the buckling stiffener 36 can be installed not only in the center of the axial direction of adjacent columns 30, but also on the upper or lower parts of adjacent columns 30. In addition, the buckling stiffener 36 can be provided only as needed and can be omitted as appropriate.

[0038] (Seismic-resistant wall) As shown in Figure 1, seismic walls 40 are provided on independent foundations 20 located around the outer perimeter of the structure 10. The seismic walls 40 are, for example, wooden seismic walls made of CLT (Cross-Laminated Timber). These seismic walls 40 are arranged along the outer perimeter of the structure 10 and are joined to adjacent columns 30.

[0039] Furthermore, the seismic wall 40 is not limited to a wooden seismic wall; for example, it may be a steel brace or the like. Also, the seismic wall 40 is just one example of a seismic-resistant component.

[0040] (beam) As shown in Figure 3, beams 50 are erected on adjacent columns 30. The beams 50 are steel beams formed, for example, from H-shaped steel. Each beam 50 has a pair of flange portions 50A that face each other in the vertical direction, and a web portion 50B that connects the pair of flange portions 50A.

[0041] As shown in Figure 4, the multiple beams 50 are connected in a grid pattern in a plan view, forming a roof beam. These beams 50 form a planar frame 52 on the independent foundation 20. X-shaped horizontal braces 54 are provided in this planar frame 52. Note that the horizontal braces 54 are not shown in Figure 3. Also, the horizontal braces 54 can be omitted as appropriate.

[0042] As shown in Figure 3, in this embodiment, the beam 50 extending in a predetermined direction (arrow X direction) is a continuous through beam 50X. In addition, the beam 50 extending in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined direction (arrow Y direction) is a divided beam 50Y, separated by the through beam 50X.

[0043] In the following, the term "beam 50" will be used to refer collectively to continuous beams 50X and segmented beams 50Y. Furthermore, the method of segmenting beams 50 can be modified as appropriate.

[0044] The column heads of the columns 30 are pin-connected to the intersection 50P of the beams 50. Specifically, as shown in Figure 6, a first gusset plate 60 is joined to the column head of the column 30 by welding or the like. The cross-sectional shape (planar cross-section) of the first gusset plate 60 is T-shaped. This first gusset plate 60 has a base portion 60A and a flange portion 60B.

[0045] The base portion 60A is positioned along the upper end of the web portion 30B of the column 30, and its lower end is welded to the web portion 30B of the column 30. The base portion 60A is also joined to the web portion 50B of the through beam 50X by bolts 62 and nuts (not shown) while overlapping it. This results in a pin connection between the column head of the column 30 and the intersection 50P of the beam 50.

[0046] Furthermore, a notch 56 is formed in the lower flange portion 50A of the through beam 50X, in which the first gusset plate 60 is positioned.

[0047] As shown in Figure 7, the flange portion 60B of the first gusset plate 60 extends from the base portion 60A toward one of the divided beams 50Y. This flange portion 60B is superimposed on the web portion 50B of one of the divided beams 50Y and joined by bolts 64 and nuts 65 (not shown). In this way, the through beam 50X and one of the divided beams 50Y are pin-joined.

[0048] A second gusset plate 66 is provided on the web portion 50B of the through beam 50X. The second gusset plate 66 is made of steel plate or the like and is positioned on the opposite side of the web portion 50B of the through beam 50X from the first gusset plate 60. One end of this second gusset plate 66 is joined to the web portion 50B of the through beam 50X by welding or the like, with the plate abutting against it.

[0049] The other end of the second gusset plate 66 extends from the web portion 50B of the through beam 50X toward the other segmented beam 50Y. This second gusset plate 66 is superimposed on the web portion 50B of the other segmented beam 50Y and joined by bolts 68 and nuts 69. In this way, the through beam 50X and the other segmented beam 50Y are pin-joined.

[0050] The connection structure between the column head of column 30 and the intersection 50P of beam 50 can be modified as appropriate. Furthermore, the connection between the column head of column 30 and the intersection 50P of beam 50 is not limited to a pin connection; a rigid connection is also acceptable. Similarly, the connection between the through beam 50X and the segmented beam 50Y is not limited to a pin connection; a rigid connection is also acceptable.

[0051] As shown in Figure 4, beams 50 are installed on columns 30 of adjacent independent foundations 20. The adjacent beams 50 are connected in a ladder-like manner by multiple lateral buckling stiffeners 70. The multiple lateral buckling stiffeners 70 are formed from, for example, wood or structural steel.

[0052] Multiple lateral buckling stiffeners 70 are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the beam 50. These lateral buckling stiffeners 70 suppress lateral buckling of adjacent beams 50.

[0053] Furthermore, X-shaped horizontal braces 72 are provided in the planar frame formed by adjacent beams 50 and lateral buckling stiffeners 70. This increases the rigidity of adjacent beams 50. In addition, the adjacent beams 50, lateral buckling stiffeners 70, and horizontal braces 72 form a megaframe (mega beam) that is erected on columns 30 on adjacent independent foundations 20.

[0054] As shown in Figure 5, secondary beams 58 and lateral buckling stiffeners 59 are installed on adjacent beams 50. Roofing material, such as corrugated sheets (not shown), is laid on top of these beams 50, secondary beams 58, and lateral buckling stiffeners 59.

[0055] (action) Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

[0056] As shown in Figure 3, according to the structure 10 of this embodiment, four columns 30 are erected at each of the four corners of a rectangular independent foundation 20 in plan view. In other words, in this embodiment, four columns 30 are supported by one independent foundation 20. As a result, in this embodiment, the number of independent foundations 20 can be reduced without increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the columns 30, compared to the case where one column 30 is supported by an independent foundation 20.

[0057] Therefore, in this embodiment, the economic efficiency of the foundation of the structure 10 can be improved compared to the case where the cross-sectional area of ​​the column 30 is large. In addition, in this embodiment, since it is not necessary to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the column 30, the connection structure between the column 30 and the beam 50 can be simplified.

[0058] Thus, in this embodiment, the connection structure between the column 30 and the beam 50 can be simplified while improving the economic efficiency of the foundation of the structure 10.

[0059] Furthermore, in this embodiment, since there is no need to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the column 30, commercially available lumber (standard lumber) can be used for the column 30. Therefore, the material cost of the column 30 can be reduced.

[0060] Furthermore, multiple beams 50 that constitute the planar frame 52 are installed on adjacent columns 30. This increases the rigidity of the column assembly composed of the four columns 30, allowing the cross-sectional area of ​​each column 30 to be further reduced.

[0061] Furthermore, adjacent columns 30 are connected by buckling stiffeners 36. This suppresses buckling of the columns 30, allowing the cross-sectional area of ​​the columns 30 to be further reduced.

[0062] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, shear walls 40 are provided on independent foundations 20 located around the outer perimeter of the structure 10. The shear walls 40 are arranged along the outer perimeter of the structure 10 and are joined to adjacent columns 30. By having these shear walls 40 bear the seismic forces, the cross-sectional area of ​​the columns 30 can be further reduced. Therefore, the connection structure between the columns 30 and the beams 50 can be further simplified.

[0063] Furthermore, by erecting four pillars 30 at each of the four corners of the independent foundation 20, the space enclosed by the four pillars 30 can also be utilized.

[0064] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, multiple beams 50 are joined together in a grid pattern in plan view. The intersections 50P of these beams 50 and the column heads of the columns 30 are connected by pin joints. This further simplifies the connection structure between the intersections 50P of the beams 50 and the column heads of the columns 30.

[0065] Furthermore, by having the aforementioned shear wall 40 bear the seismic force, it is possible to pin-connect the intersection 50P of the beam 50 and the column head of the column 30 while ensuring seismic performance.

[0066] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, multiple independent foundations 20 are arranged horizontally in two directions. A concrete slab 22 is provided between adjacent independent foundations 20. These independent foundations 20 and the concrete slab 22 form the first floor of the structure 10.

[0067] By filling the gaps between the independent foundations 20 with concrete slab 22 in this way, the first floor of the structure 10 can be formed with a simple configuration.

[0068] Furthermore, by arranging multiple independent foundations 20 of the same shape and size at equal intervals in two horizontal directions, the dimensions of the columns 30 and beams 50 can be made the same. Therefore, the material costs of the columns 30 and beams 50 can be further reduced.

[0069] (modified version) Next, a modified example of the above embodiment will be described.

[0070] First, a modified example of the construction method for structure 10 (beam 50) will be described. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, this modified example uses a pair of unit beams 80 and multiple segmented beams 50Y. Note that the unit beam 80 is just one example of a beam.

[0071] A pair of unit beams 80 has a through beam 50X and multiple (four in this modified example) segmented beams 50Y extending from the through beam 50X on both sides. These through beams 50X and the multiple segmented beams 50Y are pre-joined by welding or other means in a factory or similar facility.

[0072] In each unit beam 80, the joint (connection) between the through beam 50X and the segmented beam 50Y is called the intersection 50P. Furthermore, the size of the unit beam 80 is set within a range that allows for transport.

[0073] A pair of unit beams 80 and multiple segmented beams 50Y are transported to the site and assembled on-site during the ground assembly process. In this ground assembly process, a pair of unit beams 80 are combined in a grid pattern in plan view, and one segmented beam 50Y is joined to the other by bolts or welding. In addition, each segmented beam 50Y is joined to the other segmented beam 50Y of each unit beam 80 by bolts or welding.

[0074] Next, as shown in Figure 9, a pair of unit beams 80 and multiple segmented beams 50Y, which are joined (assembled on the ground) in a grid-like pattern in plan view, are lifted by a lifting machine (not shown), and the intersections 50P of the pair of unit beams 80 are placed on the tops of the four columns 30 erected on the independent foundations 20 and joined. At this time, it is desirable to appropriately pin-joint the tops of the columns 30 and the intersections 50P of the unit beams 80.

[0075] By pre-joining multiple pairs of unit beams 80 and segmented beams 50Y in a grid-like pattern in plan view using ground assembly or the like, the lifting and high-altitude work required for the through beams 50X and segmented beams 50Y is reduced. Consequently, the constructability of the through beams 50X and segmented beams 50Y is improved.

[0076] Next, in the above embodiment, a slab concrete 22 is provided between adjacent independent foundations 20. However, the space between adjacent independent foundations 20 is not limited to a slab concrete 22; for example, a slab or the like may be provided.

[0077] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the seismic-resistant member is a seismic wall 40. However, the seismic-resistant member is not limited to a seismic wall 40; for example, it could be a brace or the like. Also, the seismic-resistant member can be provided as needed and can be omitted as appropriate.

[0078] (Reference example)

[0079] Next, we will explain a reference example of the foundation for structure 10.

[0080] In the reference example shown in Figure 10, the foundation on which four columns 30 are erected has a foundation slab 90 and multiple foundation beams 92. The foundation slab 90 is made of reinforced concrete and is laid on the ground G. Multiple foundation beams 92 are provided on this foundation slab 90.

[0081] Multiple foundation beams 92 are made of reinforced concrete, for example, and are joined together in a grid pattern in a plan view. Columns 30 are erected on the intersections of these foundation beams 92. In addition, a slab (structural slab) 94 is provided in the rectangular inner area enclosed by the multiple foundation beams 92.

[0082] Slab 94 is made of reinforced concrete. Furthermore, slab 94 is positioned opposite foundation slab 90. A space (pit) is formed between slab 94 and foundation slab 90.

[0083] A floor slab concrete 22 is provided in the outer area of ​​multiple foundation beams 92. The upper surface 22U of the floor slab concrete 22 and the upper surface 94U of the slab 94 are flush. The floor of the first floor of the structure 10 is formed by these floor slab concrete 22 and slab 94.

[0084] By using the foundation beam 92 in this way, the amount of concrete to be poured can be reduced compared to a mat slab.

[0085] Furthermore, as shown in the reference example in Figure 11, it is also possible to support the foundation beam 92 with the footing 100. In this case, the foundation slab 90 can be replaced with lean concrete 102.

[0086] Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications may be used in appropriate combinations with one embodiment, and of course, the invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0087] 10 Structures 20 Independent Fundamentals 22 Concrete floor 30 pillars 50 beams 50P intersection 50X Through Beam (Beam) 50Y split beam (beam) 52 Planar frame 80 Unit Beam (Beam)

Claims

1. In plan view, it is rectangular in shape, and has an independent foundation made of reinforced concrete. Four pillars are erected at each of the four corners of the aforementioned independent foundation, Multiple beams are erected on adjacent columns, forming a planar frame, A structure equipped with the following features.

2. The column and the beam are pin-jointed. The structure according to claim 1.

3. Multiple independent foundations arranged in two horizontal directions, A concrete slab is provided between adjacent independent foundations, The structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising:

4. In plan view, the intersections of multiple beams, which are joined in a grid-like pattern in plan view, are placed on the tops of the four columns erected at the four corners of a rectangular, independent foundation. Construction methods for structures.

Images