Building construction methods and buildings

Abstract

To facilitate the construction of buildings.SOLUTION: There is provided a method for constructing a building 1 having a first structural part 10 including at least reinforcing bars and concrete, and a second structural part 30 having a structure other than a concrete structure constructed on top of the first structural part 10. The method comprises a construction step of building reinforcing bars (main bars 17 and shear reinforcement bars 18) and a frame mold 60 of the first structural part 10, and an arrangement step of arranging a jig 40 having a holding portion 45 capable of holding a connection member (an anchor bolt 16) for providing the connection member for connecting to the second structural part 30 on top of the first structural part 10, in the frame mold 60 for forming a slab 13. Further, the method comprises a holding step of having the connection member be held in the holding portion 45 of the jig 40, and a placing step of placing concrete so that at least a part of the connection member is embedded in the concrete.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a building method and a building.

Background Art

[0002] Buildings having a structural part made of reinforced concrete and a structural part other than reinforced concrete such as wood are known (for example, see Patent Document 1). In such a building, two structures are connected via anchor bolts. Also, fixtures for arranging anchor bolts at predetermined positions during concrete placement are known (for example, see Patent Document 2).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] When installing an anchor bolt on a slab, it is possible to install a fixture on the formwork in a portion close to the outer wall of the building, but it is impossible to install a fixture in a portion far from the outer wall of the building, making construction difficult. The problem of the present invention is to facilitate the construction of a building.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] The invention according to claim 1 is, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 to 6 and 9, a building method of a building 1 having a first structural part 10 including at least reinforcing bars and concrete, and a second structural part 30 having a structure other than a concrete structure constructed on the first structural part 10, The construction process involves constructing the reinforcing bars (main reinforcement bars 17, shear reinforcement bars 18, slab main reinforcement bars 21) and formwork 60 of the first structural part 10, In order to provide a connecting member (anchor bolt 16) that connects to the second structural part 30 on the upper side of the first structural part 10, a jig 40 having a holding part capable of holding the connecting member is placed on the formwork 60 for forming the slab 13, A holding step in which the connecting member is held in the holding portion 45 of the jig 40, The method is characterized by including a pouring step of pouring the concrete such that at least a portion of the connecting member is embedded in the concrete.

[0006] According to the invention described in claim 1, the jig 40 for holding the connecting member is placed in the formwork 60 that forms the slab 13, making construction easier. Furthermore, since the jig 40 is placed in the formwork 60 that forms the slab 13, the connecting member can be placed at any position on the first structural part 10 regardless of the structure of the connection between the first structural part 10 and the second structural part 30, allowing for flexible design. In addition, the work of placing the connecting member becomes easier, making construction easier and improving the accuracy of construction. Moreover, since the jig 40 is embedded in the concrete, there is no need to remove the jig 40, making construction easier.

[0007] The invention described in claim 2 is, for example, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, a method for constructing building 1 as described in claim 1, The first structural part 10 constitutes the lower floor of the building 1, and the slab 13 constitutes the ceiling of the said lower floor.

[0008] According to the invention described in claim 2, even in a mixed-structure building 1 where the structures of the first structural part 10 on the lower floor and the second structural part 30 on the upper floor are different, connecting members can be placed at any position, enabling flexible design.

[0009] The invention described in claim 3 is, for example, as shown in Figure 9, in the method for constructing building 1 described in claim 2, In the aforementioned installation process, the jig 40 is fixed to the formwork 60. The jig 40 is fixed to the formwork 60 in a manner that allows for release of the fixation during demolding after the casting process.

[0010] According to the invention described in claim 3, construction can be made easier by making it possible to release the fixing when demolding after the casting process.

[0011] The invention described in claim 4 is, for example, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, in the method for constructing building 1 described in claim 3, The connecting member is provided on the upper side of the wall 11 or beam 12 of the first structural part 10. In the aforementioned placement step, the holding portion 45 of the jig 40 is placed on the wall 11 or the beam 12, and the jig 40 is fixed to the formwork 60 for forming the slab 13 located adjacent to the wall 11 or the beam 12.

[0012] According to the invention described in claim 4, even when the connecting member is installed on a wall 11 or beam 12, the jig 40 is fixed to the formwork 60 of the slab 13. This makes it easier to install the connecting member even when it is installed on a wall 11 or beam 12, thus simplifying construction and improving construction accuracy.

[0013] The invention described in claim 5 is, for example, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, a method for constructing building 1 as described in claim 4, In the aforementioned placement process, the jig 40 is positioned so as to straddle the reinforcing bars (main reinforcement bars 17, shear reinforcement bars 18) that constitute the wall 11 or the beam 12.

[0014] According to the invention described in claim 5, since the jig 40 is positioned to straddle the reinforcing bars, the reinforcement of the wall 11 or beam 12 can be done in advance, making construction easier.

[0015] The invention described in claim 6 is, for example, as shown in Figures 1, 2, 4, and 5, A building 1 having a first structural part 10 including at least reinforcing bars and concrete, and a second structural part 30 having a structure other than a concrete structure constructed on the first structural part 10, wherein the first structural part 10 a connecting member (anchor bolt 16) connected to the second structural part 30 is provided on the upper surface, the connecting member is at least partially embedded in the concrete while the lower part is held by a holding part 45 of a jig 40, the jig 40 is at least partially embedded in the concrete, and the lower end is located on the surface where a formwork 60 forming a slab 13 of the first structural part 10 is in contact.

[0016] According to the invention described in claim 6, since the jig 40 can be disposed on the formwork 60, construction can be facilitated and the construction accuracy can be improved.

Effect of the Invention

[0017] According to the present invention, the construction of a building can be facilitated.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] [Figure 1] It is a view showing one side of the building. [Figure 2] It is a view showing one side of the building and is a view for explaining the structure of the building. [Figure 3] It is a view showing the upper surface of the first structural part. [Figure 4] It is a sectional view taken along the line A - A in FIG. 3. [Figure 5] It is a sectional view taken along the line B - B in FIG. 3. [Figure 6] It is a sectional view taken along the line C - C in FIG. 3. [Figure 7] It is a view for explaining the building method of the building. [Figure 8] It is a view for explaining the building method of the building. [Figure 9] This is a diagram explaining the construction method of a building. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0019] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, while the embodiments described below are subject to various technically preferred limitations for carrying out the present invention, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples. The directions in the following embodiments and illustrated examples are set solely for the convenience of explanation.

[0020] Figure 1 shows a side view of building 1, and Figure 2 shows the main structural components of building 1. This building 1 has four floors. It comprises a first structural section 10 that constitutes the lower floor portion of building 1, and a second structural section 30 that is built on top of the first structural section 10 and constitutes the upper floor portion of building 1. The first structural section 10 is a structure that includes at least reinforced concrete, and the second structural section 30 is a hybrid structure that is made of a structure other than concrete. In this embodiment of building 1, the first structural section 10 constitutes the first floor and is made of reinforced concrete. The second structural section 30 constitutes the second to fourth floors and is made of wood, mainly wood panels 31.

[0021] Figure 3 shows the upper surface of the first structural section 10, which is the connection point between the first structural section 10 and the second structural section 30. The upper surface of the first structural section 10 constitutes the floor of the second floor and is provided with a slab 13 that is constructed integrally with the walls 11 and beams 12 of the first floor. This slab also constitutes the ceiling of the first floor. In addition, a portion of it is an opening 14 where the slab 13 is not provided, allowing the space of the first structural section 10 and the space of the second structural section 30 to communicate with each other.

[0022] The upper surface of the slab 13 of the first structural section 10 is provided with a projection 15 that protrudes above the upper surface of the slab 13. The projection 15 is mainly located above the walls 11 and beams 12 of the first floor, and some parts are formed in locations where the walls 11 and beams 12 of the first floor are not present. Since the upper parts of the walls 11 and beams 12 of the first floor are integrated with the slab 13, it can be said that in Figure 3, the entire area except for the opening 14 is the slab 13.

[0023] Since it is difficult to determine the positions of the walls 11 and beams 12 on the first floor from the top structure shown in Figure 3, for explanatory purposes, the areas where the walls 11 on the first floor are located are shown with dark shading, and the areas where the beams 12 are located are shown with light shading. That is, in Figure 3, the protrusions 15 in the lightly shaded areas are protrusions 15 provided on the beams 12, the protrusions 15 in the darkly shaded areas are protrusions 15 provided on the walls 11 on the first floor, and the protrusions 15 in the unshaded areas are protrusions 15 provided in locations where there are no walls 11 or beams 12. In addition, there are also protrusions 15 that span both the walls 11 and beams 12.

[0024] Multiple anchor bolts 16 are provided on the protruding portion 15, forming connecting members for connecting the second structural portion 30. In Figure 3, all the circular symbols drawn on the protruding portion 15 represent anchor bolts 16. The size of the circles indicates the type of anchor bolt. The positions and types of anchor bolts 16 shown in Figure 3 are set to match the second structural portion 30 in the building 1 of this embodiment, and can be arbitrarily set according to the structure of the building 1, etc.

[0025] Figure 4 shows the AA cross-section shown in Figure 3, Figure 5 shows the BB cross-section shown in Figure 3, and Figure 6 shows the CC cross-section shown in Figure 3. Figures 4 through 6 also show a portion of the second structural section 30. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the beam 12 has main reinforcement bars 17 along the extension direction of the beam 12 and shear reinforcement bars 18 surrounding the main reinforcement bars 17. The protruding section 15 has main reinforcement bars 19 and shear reinforcement bars 20. As shown in Figure 6, the slab 13 has slab main reinforcement bars 21. Although the reinforcement bars of the wall 11 and slab 13 are not shown in Figures 4 and 5, reinforcement bars are also placed inside the wall 11 and slab 13. The slab 13 has slab main reinforcement bars 21, similar to Figure 6.

[0026] The anchor bolts 16 are arranged so that their lower parts are embedded in the beam 12, slab 13, and protruding portion 15, and their upper parts protrude upward from the upper end of the protruding portion 15. The wooden panel 31 of the second structural portion 30 is positioned on top of the protruding portion 15. The base 34 is positioned on top of the protruding portion 15, with leveling material 32 and base ring 33 in between, and the wooden panel 31 is further positioned on top of the base 34. The anchor bolts 16 are positioned so as to penetrate each of the members of the leveling material 32, base ring 33, base 34, and wooden panel 31.

[0027] A bolt hole 35 is formed on the lower side of the wooden panel 31, communicating with the interior of the wooden panel 31. By inserting a washer 36 onto the anchor bolt 16 through the bolt hole 35 and tightening the nut 37, the leveling material 32, base ring 33, base 34, and wooden panel 31 are fixed onto the protruding part 15, thereby connecting the first structural part 10 and the second structural part 30. The base 34 and the wooden panel 31 are also joined by wood screws 38 or adhesive. Other components may also be joined together by screws, adhesive, etc.

[0028] The anchor bolts 16 are embedded in the concrete while being held by the holding portion 45 of the jig 40, which is positioned to straddle the main reinforcement bars 17 and shear reinforcement bars 18 that make up the beam 12, the reinforcement bars that make up the wall 11 (not shown), and the slab main reinforcement bars 21 that make up the slab 13. By using the jig 40, the anchor bolts 16 can be easily positioned in predetermined locations before concrete is poured, making construction easier and improving the accuracy of the construction.

[0029] The jig 40 is positioned to straddle the reinforcing bars of the wall 11, beam 12, and slab 13. In the areas where the wall 11 and beam 12 are located, the jig 40 is wider than the width of the wall 11 and beam 12, and the lower fixing part 42 is fixed to the formwork 60 that forms the slab 13. Any method of fixing is acceptable, such as screws, nails, adhesive, or adhesive tape. The formwork 60 may be made of wood or metal, and appropriate fasteners should be used depending on the material.

[0030] The holding part 45 can have any structure that can hold the anchor bolt 16. For example, a threaded hole that penetrates from front to back may be provided in a through hole that penetrates vertically through the insertion hole through which the anchor bolt 16 can be inserted, and the anchor bolt 16 may be held at any height by pressing the anchor bolt 16 against the inner circumferential surface of the insertion hole with the thread. Alternatively, a female thread may be formed in the through hole that penetrates vertically through which the anchor bolt 16 can be inserted, and a fully threaded bolt that screws into the female thread of the insertion hole may be used as the anchor bolt 16, so that the anchor bolt 16 can be held at any vertical position. The holding part 45 may also be constructed using a clamp that can hold the anchor bolt 16 by clamping it. Furthermore, the holding part 45 does not have to hold the anchor bolt 16 in a removable manner; it may hold the anchor bolt 16 by bonding or welding it in a non-removable manner.

[0031] Furthermore, the member connected to the protruding portion 15 by the anchor bolt 16 is not limited to the wood panel 31, but can be any member that constitutes the second structural part 20, such as a columnar connecting member that connects to the side surface of the wood panel 31. Also, the connection structure between the first structural part 10 and the second structural part 20 is not limited to the one described above. For example, the anchor bolt 16 and the lower part of the member constituting the second structural part 20 may be connected via a connecting fitting.

[0032] Next, an example of the construction method for building 1 will be described. Here, we will show the area where beam 12 is located as shown in Figure 4, but the same applies to the area where wall 11 and beam 12 are located as shown in Figure 5, and to the area where wall 11 and beam 12 are not located as shown in Figure 6.

[0033] First, as shown in Figure 7(a), a construction process is carried out to construct the formwork 60 for the walls 11, beams 12, and slabs 13, and to construct the reinforcing bars. The formwork 60 is supported from below by scaffolding (not shown). Next, as shown in Figure 7(b), an installation process is carried out to position the jig 40 so as to straddle the reinforcing bars that make up the walls 11, beams 12, or slabs 13.

[0034] The construction of reinforcing bars in the construction process may be carried out after the placement process, in which jigs 40 are placed, or after the holding process, in which anchor bolts 16 are held in the jigs 40, depending on the location. For example, it is preferable to carry out the construction of reinforcing bars that make up walls 11 and beams 12 before the placement process. For reinforcing bars that make up slabs 13 and protrusions 15, it may be carried out before the placement process or the holding process, or it may be carried out after the placement process or after the holding process.

[0035] In the placement process, the jig 40 is positioned so as to straddle the reinforcing bars of the wall 11, the main reinforcement bars 17 and shear reinforcement bars 18 of the beam 12, and the main reinforcement bars 21 of the slab 13. Furthermore, the fixing parts 42 at both ends are fixed to the formwork 60 of the slab 13 with fasteners such as screws, nails, adhesive, or adhesive tape. In other words, the jig 40 straddles the formwork 60 of the wall 11 or beam 12, and both ends reach the formwork 60 of the slab 13 adjacent to the wall 11 or beam 12. The shape of the jig 40 is used according to the width of the wall 11 or beam 12, and the installation position and number of anchor bolts 16. Note that the jig 40 may be simply placed on the formwork 60 of the slab 13 without being fixed to it.

[0036] Then, as shown in Figure 8(a), a holding process is performed in which the anchor bolts 16 are held in place by the jig 40. The jig 40 is fixed only to the formwork 60 and not to the reinforcing bars of the wall 11, beam 12 and slab 13, and the anchor bolts 16 are also not fixed to the reinforcing bars of the wall 11, beam 12 and slab 13. This allows the anchor bolts 16 to be placed in a predetermined position regardless of the state of the reinforcement.

[0037] Next, the concrete pouring process is carried out. Here, as shown in Figure 8(b), the concrete for the wall 11, beam 12, and slab 13 is poured first, and then, as shown in Figure 9(a), the formwork 60 for the protruding part 15 is constructed and concrete is poured to join the protruding part 15. As a result, at least the portion below the holding part 45 of the jig 40 and the holding part 45 of the anchor bolt 16 is embedded in the concrete. Alternatively, the concrete for the wall 11, beam 12, slab 13, and protruding part 15 may be poured simultaneously to construct them as a single unit.

[0038] Subsequently, a demolding process is performed to remove formwork 60 and formwork 61, as shown in Figure 9(b). This demolding process includes a release process to release the fixation between the fixing part 42 of the jig 40 and the formwork 60. The content of the release process varies depending on the fixing method of the jig 40, but basically, the fixation is released at the same time as the work of dismantling the support structure of the formwork 60 and removing the formwork 60. That is, in the case of fixing with screws or nails, the fixation is released when the formwork 60 is removed and the fixing part 42 is detached from the formwork 60. In the case of fixing with adhesive or adhesive tape, the fixation is released when the adhesive peels off the formwork 60 when the formwork 60 is removed. If the fixation between the formwork 60 and the fixing part 42 is strong, the formwork 60 may be destroyed while leaving the fixed part intact. Also, if the formwork 60 of the slab 13 is a sacrificial formwork, the demolding process and release process do not need to be performed.

[0039] In the demolded state, the fixing portion 42 at the lower end of the jig 40 is exposed on the surface where the formwork 60 forming the slab 13 of the first structural part 10 was in contact. If the fixing was done with screws or nails, the screws or nails will also be exposed on the underside of the slab 13, so the process may include steps to cut the screws or nails, and steps to embed the fixing portion 42, screws, and nails with mortar or the like.

[0040] According to the construction method of building 1 described above, the work of arranging the connecting members that connect the first structural part 10 and the second structural part 30 becomes easier, making construction easier and improving the accuracy of construction. In addition, since the jig 40 is embedded in the concrete, there is no need to remove the jig 40, which makes construction easier. In particular, when the first structural part 10 constitutes the lower floor, it is necessary to install multiple connecting members on the slab 13, but it was difficult to support the connecting members from the upper side of the slab 13 during pouring at a location far from the outer perimeter of building 1. It is also possible to fix the connecting members to the reinforcing bars themselves, but the placement of the connecting members is limited by the state of the reinforcing bar arrangement, which reduces the degree of freedom in design. In the present invention, since the jig 40 can be fixed to the formwork 60 of the slab 13, the connecting members can be placed at any position on the slab 13, enabling flexible design.

[0041] In the above embodiment, the first structural part 10 is made of reinforced concrete, but the first structural part 10 may include other structures such as steel frames in addition to reinforcement and concrete. The second structural part 30 may be a wooden structure using wooden panels, a wooden structure using other construction methods such as post-and-beam construction, or a non-wooden structure such as a steel frame structure. Furthermore, the first structural part 10 only needs to be located below the second structural part 30, and may be the foundation of building 1, or it may constitute a lower floor. If it constitutes a lower floor, it is not limited to the first floor but may constitute the second floor or higher. Also, it is not limited to above-ground floors but may constitute underground floors.

[0042] Furthermore, although the jig 40 is positioned to straddle the upper side of the reinforcing bars that make up the wall 11, beam 12, or slab 13, it may also be positioned to pass under the reinforcing bars. For example, in Figure 4, it may be positioned to pass between the upper main reinforcement bars 17 and the lower main reinforcement bars 17 of the beam 12. Furthermore, although the connecting member is an anchor bolt 16, any type of connecting member that serves to connect the first structural part 10 and the second structural part 30 may be used.

[0043] Furthermore, the shape of the jig 40 is not limited to the shape described above; it is acceptable as long as it can hold connecting members such as anchor bolts 16 and can be fixed to the formwork 60 that forms the slab 13. Also, although the fixing part 42 of the jig 40 is fixed to the formwork 60 that forms the slab 13, it may also be fixed to the formwork 60 of the wall 11 or beam 12. In addition, although fixing parts 42 are provided at both ends of the jig 40, it may also be provided at only one end to create a cantilevered structure.

[0044] Furthermore, the construction process for constructing the reinforcing bars and formwork, the placement process for arranging the jigs, and the holding process for holding connecting members such as anchor bolts 16 in the jigs 40 do not necessarily have to be carried out in this order, and each process may be carried out in parallel.

[0045] Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing demand for the realization of a decarbonized society through the promotion of carbon neutrality, which aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to virtually zero, and for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the construction industry, efforts are also being made to use wood in buildings to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The construction method of building 1 of the present invention can be used for the construction of buildings using wood panels 31, and can contribute to the realization of a decarbonized society through the promotion of carbon neutrality and the achievement of the goals of the SDGs. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0046] 1. Building 10 First structure section 11 Wall 12 Beam 13 Slabs 16 Anchor bolts (connecting members) 17 Main reinforcement (reinforcement bars) 18. Shear reinforcement (reinforcement bars) 21 Slab main reinforcement 21 (reinforcement bars) 30 Second structure part 40 jigs 45 Holding part 60 formwork

Claims

1. A method for constructing a building having a first structural part that includes at least reinforced concrete and a second structural part that has a structure other than concrete and is constructed on top of the first structural part, A construction process for constructing the reinforcing bars and formwork of the first structural part, In order to provide a connecting member for connecting to the second structural part on the upper side of the first structural part, a placement step is to place a jig having a holding part capable of holding the connecting member on the formwork for forming the slab, A holding step of holding the connecting member in the holding portion of the jig, A method for constructing a building, characterized by including a concrete pouring step of pouring concrete such that at least a portion of the connecting member is embedded in the concrete.

2. The building construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first structural part constitutes the lower floor of the building, and the slab constitutes the ceiling of the lower floor.

3. In the aforementioned installation process, the jig is fixed to the formwork. The building construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that the jig is fixed to the formwork in a manner that allows the fixing to be released when the formwork is removed after the pouring process.

4. The connecting member is provided on the upper side of the wall or beam of the first structural part. The building construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, in the installation step, the holding portion of the jig is placed on the wall or the beam, and the jig is fixed to the formwork for forming the slab located adjacent to the wall or the beam.

5. The building construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the installation step, the jig is positioned to straddle the reinforcing bars that constitute the wall or the beam.

6. A building having a first structural part that includes at least reinforced concrete and a second structural part that has a structure other than concrete and is constructed on top of the first structural part, The first structural part is, A connecting member is provided on the upper surface to connect to the second structural part. The aforementioned connecting member is The lower part is held by the jig's holding part and at least a portion of it is embedded in the concrete. The aforementioned jig is A building characterized in that at least a portion of it is embedded in the concrete, and its lower end is located on the surface to which the formwork forming the slab of the first structural part was in contact.

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