Digital trigger and digital twin system and method

Abstract

In some embodiments, a computer processor-based method using at least one processor and at least one non-transitory computer-readable memory includes associating a first component and a first unique identifier with at least one of a plurality of digital twins for a group of end products, the first unique identifier corresponding to a first digital trigger. The method also includes updating at least one of the digital twins based on an evolution associated with the first component and that is at least part of a process by which a commercial product is obtained. The method also includes associating at least one of the plurality of digital twins with the commercial product and a second unique identifier corresponding to a second digital trigger. The method may also include providing data related to a condition of trust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] (Cross - Reference to Related Applications) This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 904,245, filed on September 23, 2019, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Background Art

[0002] In some conventional systems, information regarding the history or validity of a product may be unavailable, untimely, incomplete, or inaccurate. For example, consumers may have no way to verify whether a clothing item is genuine or a counterfeit other than trusting that the printed brand name is accurate. In another example, consumers may have difficulty not only verifying the credibility of a seller's claims regarding the quality, such as containing organic ingredients, proper delivery, and the fact that the product is new, but also confirming the authenticity of a product purchased from a reseller.

[0003] Some conventional systems for verification may exist, for example, based on a business - wide guarantee by a regulatory agency, but such systems may not be able to provide accurate or timely information in specific cases, such as at a particular item level. Also, such systems can be the subject of false claims of simply being recognized.

[0004] Therefore, improvements can be made to conventional systems.

Summary of the Invention

[0005] There are various aspects of the present subject matter that can be embodied individually or together in the devices and systems described and claimed below. These aspects can be used alone or in combination with other aspects of the subject matter described herein, and listing these aspects together is not intended to exclude the use of these aspects individually or the claiming of these aspects individually or in different combinations as set forth in the claims appended hereto.

[0006] In some embodiments, a computer processor-based method using at least one processor and at least one non-temporary computer-readable memory includes the step of associating a first component and a first unique identifier with at least one of a plurality of digital twins for a group of products, wherein the first unique identifier corresponds to a first digital trigger.

[0007] In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of updating at least one of the digital twins based on an evolution that is associated with the first component and is at least part of the process by which a commercial product is obtained.

[0008] In other embodiments, the method further includes the step of associating at least one of a plurality of digital twins with a commercial product and a second unique identifier, wherein the second unique identifier corresponds to a second digital trigger. The method also includes the step of providing data relating to a first component and trust conditions applicable to the final product in response to a first communication initiated based on the second digital trigger.

[0009] At least one digital trigger can be any digital trigger known in the industry. In some embodiments, at least one digital trigger is selected from one or more of the following: RFID devices, barcodes, QR codes, Bluetooth® devices, BLE devices, NFC devices, recognizable images, recognizable sounds, and wireless transmissions.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first component can be used to form a commercial product, and evolution includes a manufacturing process that modifies the component. In some embodiments, the trust conditions may include distribution factors, one or more of the following: manufacturer identity, manufacturing certification, distributor certification, regional certification, new manufacturing status, pre-sales, recall status, and repair verification.

[0011] In some embodiments, the trust conditions may include at least one process factor, which may include one or more of the following: verification of organic processes, verification of fair labor, verification of fair trade, verification of charitable support, verification of relationships, verification of food standards, verification of manufacturing steps, and verification of the cold chain.

[0012] In some embodiments, the reliability criteria may include at least one composition factor, which includes one or more of the following: verification of constituent materials, verification of allergens, verification of organic components, verification of non-GMO, verification of antibiotic-free materials, verification of grazing, verification of recycled materials, and verification of components.

[0013] Evolution can include various different occurrences. In some embodiments, evolution includes at least one occurrence of a manufacturing step including a first component, a manufacturing step including a product derived from the first component, and a manufacturing step including a commercial product. In some embodiments, evolution includes 1) a step of including the first component in a group, and 2) a step of generating a group identifier associated with the group. In some embodiments, evolution includes a step of separating the first component from the group. Evolution may include a step of linking a second digital trigger to a commercial product.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger are the same trigger. In other embodiments, the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger are of the same trigger type. In other embodiments, the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger are of different trigger types. In some embodiments, the digital twin may be updated by the evolution of the target product based on a second communication initiated based on at least one of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method includes the step of determining the context of the first communication. The content of the conditional data may be determined based on the context. The context may include one or more of the following: consumer identity, manufacturer identity, distributor identity, and retail environment.

[0016] The components can be diverse. In some embodiments, the components include at least one of materials, parts, devices, ingredients, food products, and animals.

[0017] Consumer products can be diverse. In some embodiments, consumer products include at least one of the following: clothing, agricultural products, beverages, food products, meat products, machinery, chemicals, textiles, equipment, vehicles, tools, electronics, furniture, medical devices, toys, games, books, protective gear, pharmaceuticals, bandages, masks, medicines, and vaccines.

[0018] In some embodiments, the method may further include the step of selecting a protocol for verifying a digital twin based on the reception of a second communication initiated based on the reading of at least one of a first digital trigger and a second digital trigger. The method may include the step of providing a user interface to a brand owner. The user interface may be configured to display information related to the digital twin based on the reception of a second communication initiated based on the reading of at least one of a first digital trigger and a second digital trigger. The method may include providing a user interface that enables the brand owner to select a protocol to view information related to the digital twin without receiving a communication from a digital trigger.

[0019] In some embodiments, the digital twin system includes non-temporary computer-readable memory and a processor coupled to this memory. The processor is configured, based on instructions stored in memory, to associate a first component and a first unique identifier with at least one of a plurality of digital twins for a group of end products, the first unique identifier corresponding to a first digital trigger. The processor is also configured to update at least one of the digital twins based on evolution associated with the first component and which is at least part of the process by which the commercial product is obtained. Furthermore, the processor is configured to associate at least one of the plurality of digital twins with the commercial product and a second unique identifier, the second unique identifier corresponding to a second digital trigger. The processor is also configured, in response to communication initiated based on the second digital trigger, to provide data relating to trust conditions applicable to the first component and the end product. Each of the first and second digital triggers has a trigger type, including one or more of the following: RFID devices, barcodes, QR codes, Bluetooth® devices, BLE devices, NFC devices, recognizable images, recognizable sounds, and wireless transmissions.

[0020] In some embodiments, the system may also include an access device configured to read at least one of a first digital trigger and a second digital trigger, and to initiate communication to be received by at least one computer processor based on this reading.

[0021] In some embodiments, non-temporary computer-readable memory includes software instructions configured by a computer processor to associate a first component and a first unique identifier with at least one of a plurality of digital twins for a group of end products, the first unique identifier corresponding to a first digital trigger. The memory further includes instructions configured by the processor to update at least one of the digital twins based on evolution, which is at least part of the process by which the commercial product is obtained. The memory further includes instructions configured by the processor to associate at least one of the plurality of digital twins with a second unique identifier corresponding to the commercial product and a second digital trigger. The memory further includes instructions configured by the processor to provide data relating to the first component and conditions of trust applicable to the end product in response to communication initiated based on a second digital trigger. Each of the first and second digital triggers has a trigger type, which includes one or more of the following: RFID devices, barcodes, QR codes, Bluetooth® devices, BLE devices, NFC devices, recognizable images, recognizable sounds, and wireless transmissions. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0022] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of a digital twin system according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of a different embodiment of a digital twin system according to some of the embodiments. [Figure 3] Includes block diagrams illustrating the evolution of various articles according to some embodiments. [Figure 4] Includes a block diagram illustrating the process for verifying the reliability conditions in some embodiments. [Figure 5] This block diagram shows the verification of information, including additional data sources, according to some embodiments. [Figure 6]A block diagram of an exemplary computer system according to various embodiments. [Figure 7] An exemplary diagram of a computer program product according to various embodiments.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0023] If necessary, detailed embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein, but it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of the present invention that can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, the specific details disclosed herein are not to be construed as limiting, but rather as representative criteria for the claims and, in fact, as a means of teaching those skilled in the art how to variously adopt the present invention in any suitable manner. The terms "one or more of a, b, and c", "at least one of a, b, and c", and "at least one of a, b, or c" represent a, b, c, or a combination thereof, for example, 1) one or more a's and one or more b's, 2) one or more b's and one or more c's, 3) one or more a's and one or more c's, 4) one or more a's, 5) one or more b's, or 6) one or more c's.

[0024] In various embodiments, a digital twin system may enable one or more entities, such as a manufacturer, distributor, retailer, or consumer, to better track or understand important information related to a particular consumer product. Such information may be related to conditions of trust, such as whether the consumer product is authentic or counterfeit, has received organic certification, or contains certain ingredients. In other embodiments, the important information may be related to a retail store or brand story, management guidelines, recall information, or other data. In various embodiments, information related to a consumer product may be accessed, updated, or provided by one or more entities via one or more digital triggers. In some embodiments, the system may be agnostic to the type of digital trigger used. In other embodiments, the system may perform different operations based on the particular type of digital trigger used and / or based on environmental conditions or context. Further information regarding various embodiments is discussed in more detail below.

[0025] Exemplary Digital Twin System and Method FIG. 1 shows the components of an exemplary digital twin system 10 according to some embodiments. The digital twin system 10 includes an electronic data storage system 12 and may also include one or more access devices 14 and one or more digital triggers 16 configured to be read and / or communicated with by the one or more access devices 14.

[0026] Each digital trigger may have one or more trigger types, including RFID devices, barcodes, QR codes, Bluetooth® devices, BLE devices, NFC devices, recognizable images, recognizable sounds, and wireless transmission. Recognizable images may include brand names, slogans, product shapes, fine textures, ink splatters, leuco dyes, color-changing dyes, UV-visible images, thermal images, chemical-sensitive images or dyes, magnetic inks, or other visible or latent indicia. Recognizable features may include invisible indicia or visible indicia in specific circumstances. RFID devices may include one or more LF, HF, and UHF devices.

[0027] In some embodiments, the system may include at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more digital triggers. One or more access devices 14 can correspond to the type of trigger used by the digital twin system 10 and therefore may include one or more of the following: QR code readers, barcode scanners, RFID readers, Bluetooth® readers, BLE readers, NFC readers, image recognition systems, audio recognition systems, magnetic sensing systems, and wireless transceivers for communicating with electronic devices via radio frequencies.

[0028] System 10 further includes articles 18 that are the subject of a digital twin 20 stored in the electronic data storage system 12. For example, articles 18 may include components, materials, food, ingredients, or commercial products. Examples of commercial products include one or more of the following: clothing, food products, machinery, chemicals, textiles, equipment, vehicles, tools, electronics, furniture, medical devices, toys, games, books, protective gear, pharmaceuticals, bandages, masks, medicines, and vaccines, or consumer products for purchase or use by consumers. Food products may include one or more of the following: vegetables, fruits, beverages, meat products, dairy products, seafood products, or fish products. Furthermore, components may include commercial products used in the manufacture or assembly of other commercial products. For example, a bolt of cloth, a supply bag, a box of parts, or a large quantity of chemicals may be commercial products used as part of the manufacture of clothing or other commercial products such as electronics. Furthermore, a shirt or trousers may be a commercial product used as a component of a complete set that is sold as an individual commercial product. The final product may be a commercial product configured to be sold or used by consumers through, for example, the completion of one or more of the following by a retailer: manufacturing, packaging, distribution, and display.

[0029] Each digital twin 20 may contain an electronic record associated with a specific article, such as one article 18. In some embodiments, the digital twin 20 may be associated with two or more articles 18, such as a collection of articles 18 in a container or grouped together for transport.

[0030] In various embodiments, the electronic data storage system 12 is configured to store at least one digital twin 20a-20d (collectively referred to herein as the digital twin 20), but may be configured to host a database filled with multiple digital twins 20. The electronic data storage system 12 may be suitable for storing at least one digital twin 20 and (preferably) communicating with an access device 14. For example, the electronic data storage system 12 may be configured as a cloud storage system, a database, or a more traditional local storage device (e.g., one or more computer hard drives operating using one or more computer processors).

[0031] The digital twin 20 stored by the electronic data storage system 12 may contain a plurality of entries 22a to 22d (collectively referred to as entries 22 in this specification) and may also contain information related to article 18 and / or digital trigger 16. At least one of the entries 22 contains at least one unique identifier corresponding to the digital trigger 16. In various embodiments, the unique identifier is also obtained by the access device 14 when reading the digital trigger 16. Thus, the digital twin 20 may be uniquely paired with the digital trigger 16. Furthermore, by associating the digital trigger 16 with the unique identifier, the digital twin 20 may be paired with article 18.

[0032] Unique identifier In various other embodiments, the digital trigger 16 and / or digital twin 20 may have multiple unique identifiers. For example, different unique identifiers may be associated with different wireless communication protocols or different types of information related to the same article 18 and / or corresponding digital trigger 16. For example, one of the entries 22 of the digital twin 20 may include information about the brand or expiration date of the article 18, product inventory management units ("SKUs"), manufacturing / factory management information, product attributes / details, blockchain records, directed acyclic graph (DAG) records, distributed ledger tracked events, track / trace authentication, ownership, and events, as shown in Figure 2.

[0033] In other embodiments, one or more digital triggers 16 may each be associated with a unique identifier, and multiple digital triggers 16 may be associated with a single article 18. For example, a single article 18 may be associated with two or more QR codes, RFID devices and UHF tags, or a combination of two or more of the same or different types of digital triggers 16 described above. Associating an article 18 with multiple digital triggers 16 may enhance the ability of manufacturers, distributors, consumers, or other entities to use a more convenient access device 14 to interact with at least one of the digital triggers 16.

[0034] Data may be entered into entry 22 automatically (e.g., by signals transmitted from sensors associated with article 18) or manually (e.g., by an operator entering information about article 18 using access device 14). The data may include one or more confidence conditions, such as distribution factors, process factors, and / or composition factors. Exemplary distribution factors may include one or more of the following: manufacturer identity, manufacturing certification, distributor certification, regional certification, new manufacturing status, pre-sale status, recall status, and repair verification. Exemplary process factors may include one or more of the following: organic process verification, fair labor verification, fair trade verification, charitable support verification, relationship verification, food standards verification, manufacturing step verification, and cold chain verification. Exemplary composition factors may include one or more of the following: component material verification, allergen verification, organic component verification, non-GMO verification, antibiotic-free verification, grazing verification, recycled material verification, and component verification. Data entered into entry 22 in relation to confidence conditions may also indicate that information regarding the confidence conditions has been identified as unknown, ambiguous, or unreliable. For example, if the information is not automatically determined by the system, the entry may show a null value or an undetermined state.

[0035] Furthermore, the data may be related to the evolution of article 18, such as its components, materials, or ingredients, as operations such as manufacturing, cooking, shipping, storage, refrigeration, registration, association with a unique identifier, and / or other processes are performed on article 18. Various evolving operations may result in one or more transformations and / or modifications to article 18 until the commercial product is produced, delivered, and purchased.

[0036] Access device The access device 14 may include one or more components of the computer system 400 (see Figure 6) and may be configured to function as an intermediary between the electronic data storage system 12 and the digital trigger 16. In other embodiments, the digital trigger 16 may be configured to interact directly with the electronic data storage system 12 without using the access device 14 as an intermediary. The access device 14 may be configured to communicate with either the electronic data storage system 12 or the digital trigger 16, or with only the electronic data storage system 12, or with only the digital trigger 16.

[0037] The access device 14 may be configured to communicate with an electronic data storage system 12 and / or one or more digital triggers 16. In some embodiments, the access device 14 includes a “smart device” (e.g., a computer, tablet, or smartphone) configured to communicate with other devices or networks via Wi-Fi, cellular communication, or Bluetooth. The access device may further include a camera, a processor, and software configured to act as an image recognition device for barcodes, QR codes, brand names, pre-registered images, people, or other images.

[0038] The access device 14 may communicate with the electronic data storage system 12 and / or the digital trigger 16 via wired or wireless communication. In various embodiments, the access device 14 may be integrated into the electronic data storage system 12. For example, the electronic data storage system 12 may include a computer hard drive or the like, and the access device 14 may include a peripheral device connected to or coupled to the computer, such as a barcode reader or the like.

[0039] Although Figure 1 shows one access device 14, a multiple access device may communicate with a single electronic data storage system 12. This may include different access devices 14 for different digital twins 20 and / or different access devices 14 for the same digital twin 20 (each accessing the digital twin 20 using the same or different unique identifiers). For example, different entities and / or types of entities may be permitted to access the digital twin 20 at different times or at different access levels. For example, some exemplary entities may include programmers or administrators, brand owners, and end consumers. A programmer or administrator of a digital identity may be tasked with generating the digital twin 20 and / or entering one or more of the entries 22. A brand owner accesses the digital twin 20 to monitor the performance and condition of articles 18 (which may be used to improve manufacturing and / or factory management). Furthermore, end users may have restricted access to the digital twin 20 to register or transfer ownership of articles 18 and to view certain information about articles 18 (for example, to verify that articles 18 are manufactured by the brand owner).

[0040] The access devices 14 for different entities may differ. For example, a programmer's access device 14 may include a barcode reader and / or a smart device configured to communicate with either the electronic data storage system 12 or the digital trigger 16. A brand owner's access device 14 may include a computer or smart device configured to communicate only with the electronic data storage system 12. Furthermore, an end-user's access device 14 may include a smartphone configured to communicate with both the electronic data storage system 12 and the digital trigger 16.

[0041] In various embodiments, the access device 14 includes a user interface 24 and a reader 26 (as shown, for example, in Figure 1). The user interface 24 (also shown in Figure 2) can grant users different capabilities and access depending on the user's characteristics. For example, a programmer's user interface 24 may provide the programmer with the ability to generate a digital twin 20, while other users may be provided with the ability to track ownership of articles 18 and record events and states over the lifetime of articles 18. In one exemplary embodiment, the user interface 24 includes a touchscreen (e.g., the screen of a smartphone or tablet computer), and the user presses or manipulates the screen to perform different activities within the user interface 24 (which may include a software program or telephone application 28 supported by appropriate middleware 30, as shown in Figure 2). In another exemplary embodiment, the user interface 24 may include a screen with which the user interacts using peripheral devices such as a computer mouse.

[0042] The reader 26 may enable the access device 14 to interact with the electronic data storage system 12 and / or the digital trigger 16. Although the access device 14 in Figure 1 is shown with a single reader 26, it should be understood that a single access device 14 may include multiple readers 26, particularly if the access device 14 is configured to communicate with the electronic data storage system 12 and the access device 14 using different communication protocols or triggering techniques.

[0043] The digital trigger 16 is configured to communicate with the access device 14, but may be configured to communicate directly with the electronic data storage system 12. As described above, the digital trigger 16 is unique to distinguish it from other digital triggers 16 associated with other articles 18 and is optionally encoded with a serialized identifier. The identifier may take any suitable form, such as an electronic product code ("EPC") (generally identified in 32 of Figure 2), a chip ID, a short ID, or a unique URL pointer. In addition to the identifier, the digital trigger 16 may be encoded with additional data, such as information about the manufacturer of the digital trigger 16.

[0044] Digital Trigger The method by which the digital trigger 16 communicates with the access device 14 and / or the electronic data storage system 12 may be passive or active. The term “passive” refers to a digital trigger 16 that does not include an antenna or similar means for transmitting signals and instead relies entirely on the access device 14 or the electronic data storage system (12) to transmit (i.e., “scan”) signals to the digital trigger 16. The term “active” refers to a digital trigger 16 that includes an antenna or similar means for transmitting signals, whether or not it first receives signals from the electronic data storage system 12 or the access device 14.

[0045] In various embodiments, the digital trigger 16 includes a one-dimensional or two-dimensional barcode. In other embodiments, the digital trigger 16 includes a Near Field Communication ("NFC"), Remote Frequency Identification ("RFID"), Bluetooth Low Energy ("BLE") tag, or other wireless communication tag (generally identified as 34 in Figure 2). In some embodiments, if the digital trigger 16 is comprised of a wireless communication tag, its chip or integrated circuit may have limited writable or non-writable memory, or may simply store limited information such as pointers, which can further reduce the cost of the digital trigger 16 and the digital twin system 10, making the generation of digital twins 20 for less expensive products 18 more practical. A single electronic data storage system 12 may store digital twins 20 associated with digital triggers 16 of different configurations, rather than being limited to storing digital twins 20 associated with only one type of digital trigger 16 (for example, only digital triggers 16 configured as RFID tags).

[0046] The characteristics of the digital trigger 16 (i.e., the protocol it can communicate with) may determine the characteristics of the reader 26 of the associated access device 14. Therefore, if the digital trigger 16 includes a barcode, the reader 26 may be able to read the barcode; while if the digital trigger 16 includes an RFID tag, the reader 26 may be an RFID reader. Some systems may include a smartphone or other smart device configured to be familiar with multiple communication protocols and / or trigger technologies, while other embodiments may include an access device 14 that can communicate using only one protocol (e.g., a one-dimensional barcode reader).

[0047] The digital twin system 10 in Figure 1 may include further components. For example, article 18 may include one or more sensors, in addition to the digital trigger 16, configured to independently provide additional information about article 18 to the digital twin 20.

[0048] Exemplary User Interface Here, in a more specific way in which the user can interact with the digital twin system 10, the programmer's user interface 24 may provide a “Generate Digital Twin” menu item that enables the programmer to generate a digital twin 20 in the electronic data storage system 12. This may include enabling the programmer to select the brand of the digital trigger 16 to be paired with the digital twin 20, or the brand of the article 18 to be associated with the digital trigger 16. The user interface 24 may also provide the programmer with the ability to select characteristics of the digital trigger 16 or the article 18. The programmer can then scan the digital trigger 16 using the access device 14 (which may or may not be associated with the article 18 when scanned by the programmer). The unique identifier of the digital trigger 16 may be automatically entered into the appropriate entry 22 of the digital twin 20, and the user interface 24 may optionally indicate to the programmer that the digital twin 20 has been successfully generated and paired with the digital trigger 16. If the digital trigger 16 is encoded with any additional data to be sent to the digital twin 20, this may also be sent from the digital trigger 16 to the digital twin 20 when the digital trigger 16 is scanned. In addition to automatically inputting data into the electronic data storage system 12 by scanning the digital trigger 16, the user interface 24 may also provide the programmer with the option to manually input data (e.g., brand owner information) into the digital twin 20 via the user interface 24.

[0049] The user interface 24 may include a “Add Event to Digital Twin” menu item that allows the user to provide event data to the digital twin 20. For example, the brand owner's user interface 24 may include a list of events that the digital trigger 16 and / or item 18 experience, such as shipment, receipt at customs port, and receipt at retail store. When an event occurs, the user selects the appropriate event from the list. If the event has a related location (e.g., location of customs port or location of retail store), the user interface 24 may also allow the user to input that information. Once an event (and optionally a location) is selected, the user can use the access device 14 to scan the digital trigger 16, thereby updating the digital twin 20 paired with the digital trigger 16 to include the event and (if applicable) the location. The user interface 24 may indicate to the user that the event has been successfully added to the digital twin 20.

[0050] Furthermore, the user interface 24 may include a “Digital Twin Authentication” menu item that allows the user to authenticate the digital twin 20. After selecting such a menu item, the user may scan the digital trigger 16 to display the information contained within the digital twin 20 on the user interface 24. The characteristics of the information may differ depending on the brand owner’s user interface 24, which provides the user with different information than the end user’s user interface 24. Alternatively, the digital twin system 10 may be configured so that the user can retrieve information from the digital twin 20 simply by scanning the digital trigger 16, rather than requiring the user to select the “Digital Twin Authentication” menu item. In one embodiment, the brand owner’s ownership information can be accessed and viewed simply by selecting the “Digital Twin Authentication” menu item and then scanning the digital trigger 16, while more general information or value-added services (e.g., types of information of interest to the end user) can be accessed from the digital twin 20 and displayed on the user interface 24 by simply reading or scanning the digital trigger 16. The user interface 24 may include additional or alternative functions.

[0051] Exemplary evolution Figure 3 includes a block diagram showing the evolution of various articles 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, and 116 according to some embodiments. Each of these various articles may be associated with a digital twin 20 of the final product (e.g., consumer product 216), as well as a corresponding unique identifier. One or more of articles 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and 114 may be the same as article 18. Each of these various articles may undergo various processes or operations before generating a consumer product 116 associated with a particular digital twin 20.

[0052] Operations 120, 122, 124, 226, 128, 130, and 132 may include, among possible operations, one or more manufacturing or food processing operations, particularly mixing, heating, cooling, molding, cutting, printing, attaching, welding, extrusion, stamping, shaping, sewing, knitting, lateral movement, or rotation. In other embodiments, the evolution of an article may include food processing operations, combination with ingredients, packaging, and / or transport and delivery. For example, a baking operation may include mixing multiple ingredients, baking, and removing from cooking utensils.

[0053] Some exemplary operations may occur when two or more of articles 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, and 116 are grouped together. For example, two items, such as a tracksuit top and bottom, may be combined and sold as a single unit. Operations performed on each item may include attaching it to the other articles or holding it in place while accepting attachment to another article. In another example, multiple components of a grouped item may need to be assembled to form a transport unit or retail unit. A retail unit may include a tool set, puzzle, model, furniture kit, or meal. A transport unit may include being placed in a container or on a pallet. Operations on each component may include moving it to a position for grouping, positioning it in a position where the other components will move, or attaching it to one or more other articles.

[0054] Before, during, or after evolution, the digital trigger associated with the corresponding item among articles 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, or 116 and / or the corresponding process may be read to confirm the occurrence of evolution, or otherwise register the state of the corresponding article associated with the electronic data storage system 12.

[0055] In Figure 3, articles 102 and 104 are joined via operations 120 and 122, respectively, to form article 106. Articles 106, 108, and 110 are joined via operations 124, 126, and 128, respectively, to form article 112. Articles 112 and 114 are joined via operations 130 and 132, respectively, to form consumer product 116. Consumer product 116 may be part of a group 118 of other identical consumer products, each associated with a different corresponding digital twin 20. In some embodiments, one or more of articles 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and 114 may be used to form two or more of the group 118 of consumer product 116.

[0056] Confirmation of trust conditions Figure 4 includes a block diagram illustrating the process of verifying the conditions of trust according to some embodiments. Figure 4 includes a manufacturer 200, a distributor 202, a retailer 204, and a consumer 206. Figure 4 also includes articles 218a, 218b, 218c, and 218d, a manufacturer's identity 208a, a distributor's identity 208b, a retailer's identity 208c, and a consumer's identity 208d, access devices 214a, 214b, 214c, and 214d, user interfaces 224a, 224b, 224c, and 224d, and readers 226a, 226b, 226c, and 226d. In various embodiments, one or more of articles 18, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, and 116 may be the same as one or more of articles 218a, 218b, 218c, and 218d.

[0057] In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, article 218a may be received by a manufacturer 200 who performs one or more operations (see Figure 3) that evolve article 218a into article 218b. In various embodiments, article 218a may include one or more digital triggers, including digital trigger 216a (e.g., a first digital trigger) and digital trigger 216b (e.g., a second digital trigger), or further digital triggers. In other embodiments, the manufacturer 200 may add a second digital trigger 216b to article 218a.

[0058] In various embodiments, the manufacturer 200 may attach two or more types of digital triggers to a single article 218a. These may include two or more of the following: barcodes, QR codes, NFC tags, Bluetooth® or BLE tags, and RFID tags. Each digital trigger can be associated with a unique identifier, and the manufacturer may pair multiple unique identifiers with a digital twin 20 of the article 218a as well as the final product 218c. RFID tags are easier for the manufacturer 200 to read, while one or more of the QR codes, NFC tags or Bluetooth or BLE tags are easier for distributors 202, retailers 204, or consumers 206 to read.

[0059] One or more of the manufacturer 200's receipt of article 218a and the performance of one or more tasks (e.g., attaching a digital trigger, performing a manufacturing step) may include causing the reader 226a of the access device 214a to manually or automatically read one or more digital triggers 216a, 216b associated with article 218a or article 218b, which can initiate one or more communications with the electronic data storage system 12.

[0060] Communication may be provided to an electronic data storage system 12. This data may include information about the manufacturer's identity 208a, article 218a, and one or more of the operations performed by the manufacturer that may lead to the evolution of article 218a into article 218b. This data and / or article 218a may be further associated with a digital twin 20 of a consumer product (e.g., article 208c). For example, some components such as raw materials, parts, textiles, yarns, dyes, or chemicals received by manufacturer 200 may be associated with multiple final products (e.g., consumer products) manufactured using these components. Thus, one component such as a large quantity of textile or chemical may be associated with 1, 10, 50 or more final products. For example, a digital twin 20 of a shirt, garment, or textile that has not yet been produced may be associated with the textile or chemicals used in the manufacturing steps to produce the shirt, garment, or textile.

[0061] Article 218b may be received by a distributor 208b who performs work that can evolve Article 218b into Article 218c. These works may also cause the reader 226b of the access device 214b to automatically or manually read one or more digital triggers 216a, 216b, 216c associated with Article 218b or Article 218c, resulting in data being provided to the electronic data storage system 12. This data may include information about the distributor's identity 208b, Article 218b, and one or more of the works performed by the distributor. This data and / or Article 218b may be further associated with a digital twin 20 for a consumer product (e.g., Article 208c).

[0062] Article 218c may be received by a retailer 204 that receives, stores, and sells, for example, article 218c to a consumer 206. Retailer 204 may have a retailer identity 208c. Furthermore, one or more of the retailer's operations may cause the reader 226c of the access device 214c to automatically or manually read one or more digital triggers 216a, 216b, 216c, 216d associated with article 218c, resulting in data being provided to the electronic data storage system 12. This data may include information about the distributor's identity 208b, the consumer's identity 208c, article 218c, and one or more of the operations performed by the distributor. This data and / or article 218b may be further associated with a digital twin 20 for a consumer product (e.g., article 208c).

[0063] Data Access In various embodiments, before, during, and after purchase, the consumer 206 may use an access device 214 (e.g., a smartphone) to read one or more digital triggers 216a, 216b, 216c, and 216d associated with the consumer product (e.g., the final product, article 208c). By reading one or more digital triggers 216a, 216b, 216c, and 216d, the access device 214 may initiate communication with the electronic data storage system 12.

[0064] Based on the read, consumer 206 may be granted access to part or all of the digital twin 20 and / or part or all of the associated data via the electronic data storage system 12. For example, consumer may receive data associated with one or more of the work performed by one or more of the manufacturers 200, distributors 202 and retailers 204 with respect to consumer products, manufacturer 200, distributor 202, retailer 204, terms of trust related to manufacturer identity 208a, distributor identity 208b and retailer identity 208c, articles 218a, 218b, and 218c, and articles related to making consumer products available to consumer 206. Such data may include time, date and location related to various work and / or entities. Furthermore, such data may also include worker information relating to persons involved in the manufacture, assembly, transportation and sale of consumer products. Such data may be further anonymized, for example, by providing employee numbers rather than other identifying information.

[0065] In various embodiments, based on the data, consumers 206 can verify items such as whether clothing is genuine, whether meals are organically grown, whether food contains allergens, whether the manufacturer of the product complies with fair labor, environmental, or other standards, or whether the consumer product is subject to a recall.

[0066] In some embodiments, a consumer 206 may read the same digital trigger 16 used by a manufacturer or distributor, such as a QR code or embedded RFID tag printed on a consumer product, its packaging, or label. In such cases, the consumer 206 may be provided with information different from that provided to the manufacturer or distributor by the electronic data storage system 12. For example, a manufacturer 200 may receive manufacturing instructions after scanning a QR code, while a consumer 206 may receive marketing messages from the manufacturer 200 or retailer 204. The electronic data storage system 12 may automatically provide different information based on identities 208a, 208b, 208c, 208d associated with access devices used by the relevant entities. In other embodiments, different digital triggers 216a, 216b, 216c, 216d may be associated with different information to be provided to different entities having different functions or devices (e.g., RFID reader vs. QR code reader).

[0067] Data validation or other analysis Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating the verification of information including additional data sources in various embodiments. Figure 5 includes article 318, digital triggers 316a, 316b, 316c, access device 314, user interface 324, reader 326, network 352, electronic data storage system 312, network 354, and additional data source 350. In various embodiments, one or more of articles 18, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 218a, 218b, 218c, and 218d may be the same as one or more of articles 318.

[0068] In some embodiments, if an entity reads one or more of the digital triggers 316a, 316b, and 316c using the reader 326 of the access device 314, the reading of one or more of these digital triggers 316a, 316b, and 316c may enable the entity to initiate communication with the electronic data storage system 312 via the network 352 to provide or retrieve data.

[0069] In some embodiments, to update the confirmation of trust or to provide data relating to the conditions of trust, the electronic data storage system 312 may use data provided as a result of reading one or more digital triggers 316a, 316b, 316c to communicate with an additional data source 350 via the network 354. The additional data source 350 may represent additional computing resources managed by a third party, for example, to guarantee the trust factor. For example, the additional data source 350 may have data that can verify that a manufacturer meets fair labor standards based on identity information provided as a result of reading information relating to one or more digital triggers 316a, 316b, 316c and / or one or more of the articles 18, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 218a, 218b, 218c, 218d, and 318.

[0070] Exemplary computer system Figure 6 is a block diagram showing an example of a system (i.e., a computer system 400) that may be used to perform signal processing and / or operations described herein. The computer system 400 is configured to perform calculations, processes, operations and / or functions related to a program or algorithm. In one embodiment, a given process and step discussed herein is implemented as a set of instructions (e.g., a software program) that reside in a computer-readable memory unit and are executed by one or more processors of the computer system 400. During execution, the computer system 400 performs certain actions and exhibits certain behaviors as described herein.

[0071] The computer system 400 may include an address / data bus 402 configured for communicating information. Furthermore, one or more data processing units, such as a processor 404 (or more processors), are coupled to the address / data bus 402. The processor 404 is configured to process information and instructions. In one embodiment, the processor 404 is a microprocessor. Alternatively, the processor 404 may be a different type of processor, such as a parallel processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic array (PLA), a complex-programmable logic device (CPLD), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0072] The computer system 400 is configured to utilize one or more data storage units. The computer system 400 may include a volatile memory unit 406 (e.g., random access memory ("RAM"), static RAM, dynamic RAM, etc.) coupled to the address / data bus 402, where the volatile memory unit 406 is configured to store information and instructions related to the processor 404. The computer system 400 may further include a non-volatile memory unit 408 (e.g., read-only memory ("ROM"), programmable ROM ("PROM"), erasable programmable ROM ("EPROM"), electrically erasable programmable ROM ("EEPROM"), flash memory, etc.) coupled to the address / data bus 402, where the non-volatile memory unit 408 is configured to store static information and instructions related to the processor 404. Alternatively, the computer system 400 may execute instructions retrieved from an online data storage unit, similar to "cloud" computing. In one embodiment, the computer system 400 may also include one or more interfaces, such as an interface 410, coupled to the address / data bus 402. One or more interfaces are configured to allow the computer system 400 to interface with other electronic devices and computer systems. The communication interfaces implemented by one or more interfaces may include wired (e.g., serial cable, modem, network adapter, etc.) and / or wireless (e.g., wireless modem, wireless network adapter, etc.) communication technologies.

[0073] In one embodiment, the computer system 400 may include an input device 412 coupled to an address / data bus 402, where the input device 412 is configured to transmit information and command selections to the processor 100. In one embodiment, the input device 412 is an alphanumeric input device such as a keyboard, which may include alphanumeric characters and / or function keys. Alternatively, the input device 412 may be an input device other than an alphanumeric input device. In one embodiment, the computer system 400 may include a cursor control device 414 coupled to an address / data bus 402, where the cursor control device 414 is configured to transmit user input information and / or command selections to the processor 100. In one embodiment, the cursor control device 414 is implemented using a device such as a mouse, trackball, trackpad, optical tracking device, or touchscreen. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in one embodiment, the cursor control device 414 is instructed and / or activated via input from the input device 412, for example, in response to the use of special keys and key sequence commands associated with the input device 412. In another embodiment, the cursor control device 414 is configured to receive instructions or be guided by voice commands.

[0074] In one embodiment, the computer system 400 may further include one or more arbitrary computer-usable data storage devices, such as a storage device 416 coupled to the address / data bus 402. The storage device 416 is configured to store information and / or computer-executable instructions. In one embodiment, the storage device 416 is a storage device such as a magnetic or optical disk drive (e.g., a hard disk drive ("HDD"), a floppy disk, a compact disk read-only memory ("CD-ROM"), or a digital multifunction disk ("DVD")). According to one embodiment, a display device 418 is coupled to the address / data bus 402, and the display device 418 is configured to display video and / or graphics. In one embodiment, the display device 418 may include a cathode ray tube ("CRT"), a liquid crystal display ("LCD"), a field emission display ("FED"), a light-emitting diode ("LED"), a plasma display, or any other display device suitable for displaying user-recognizable video and / or graphic images and alphanumeric characters.

[0075] The computer system 400 presented herein is an exemplary computing environment in one aspect. However, non-limiting examples of computer system 400 are not strictly limited to being a computer system. For example, computer system 400 provides one aspect that illustrates a type of data processing analysis that can be used according to the various aspects described herein. Furthermore, other computing systems may also be implemented. In fact, the spirit and scope of the present art are not limited to a single data processing environment. Accordingly, in one aspect, the operation of one or more of the various aspects of the art is controlled or implemented using computer executable instructions, such as program modules executed by a computer. In one implementation, such program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, and / or data structures configured to perform a particular task or to implement a particular abstract data type. Furthermore, one aspect is provided in which one or more aspects of the art are implemented by utilizing one or more distributed computing environments, such as when tasks are performed by remote processing units linked over a communication network, or when various program modules are located on both local and remote computer storage media, including memory storage devices.

[0076] Figure 7 shows an example of a computer program product (i.e., a storage device). The computer program product is shown as a floppy disk 500 or an optical disk 502 such as a CD or DVD. However, as stated above, a computer program product generally represents computer-readable instructions stored on any compatible, non-temporary computer-readable medium. As used in this invention, the term “instruction” generally refers to a set of operations performed on a computer, and may also refer to an entire program or individual separable software module fragments. Non-limiting examples of “instructions” include computer program code (source or object code) and “hardcoded” electronics (i.e., computer operations coded on a computer chip). “Instructions” are stored in the computer’s memory or on non-temporary computer-readable medium such as a floppy disk, CD-ROM, and flash drive. In any case, the instructions are encoded on the non-temporary computer-readable medium.

[0077] It will be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative examples to which some of the principles of this subject matter are applied. Many modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter, including combinations of these features individually disclosed or claimed herein. For these reasons, it will be understood that the scope of this specification is not limited to what is described above, but is as set out in the following claims, which may relate to the features of this specification, including combinations of the features individually disclosed or claimed herein.

Claims

1. A computer processor-based method using at least one processor and at least one non-temporary computer-readable memory, wherein the method is A step of associating a first component and a first unique identifier with at least one digital twin of a plurality of digital twins for a group of final products, wherein the first unique identifier corresponds to a first digital trigger attached to the first component, and the first digital trigger is automatically detected using a sensor when a manufacturing step occurs. A step of updating the at least one digital twin by the processor based on an evolution that is related to the first component and is part of a process that yields the final product, wherein the final product is formed from the first component and the evolution includes a manufacturing step that includes the first component. The steps include: the processor associating at least one of the plurality of digital twins with the final product to which a second digital trigger is coupled and a second unique identifier, wherein the second unique identifier corresponds to the second digital trigger; The process includes the step of providing the consumer with data relating to the first components and trust conditions applicable to the final product, in response to a first communication initiated based on the second digital trigger, by the processor, Here, each of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger is associated with different information and has a trigger type that includes one or more of the following: RFID device, barcode, QR code (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark) device, BLE device, NFC device, recognizable image, recognizable sound, and wireless transmission. A computer processor-based method.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first component is used to form the final product, and the evolution includes a manufacturing process that modifies the component.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conditions of reliability include a distribution factor comprising one or more of the following: manufacturer identity, manufacturing certification, distributor certification, regional certification, new production status, pre-sale status, recall status, and repair verification.

4. The aforementioned conditions of trust include verification of organic processes, verification of fair labor, verification of fair trade, and charitable support. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising at least one process factor including one or more of the following: verification, relationship verification, food standards verification, manufacturing step verification, and cold chain verification.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the conditions for reliability include at least one composition factor, which includes one or more of the following: confirmation of constituent materials, confirmation of allergens, confirmation of organic components, confirmation of non-GMO, confirmation of antibiotic-free, confirmation of grazing, confirmation of recycled materials, and confirmation of components.

6. The aforementioned evolution, The steps of including the first component in the group, The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the step of generating a group identifier relating to the said group.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the evolution includes the step of separating the first component from the group.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger are the same trigger.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger are of the same trigger type.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger have different trigger types.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one digital twin is updated by the evolution of a target product based on a second communication initiated based on at least one of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger.

12. The processor further includes the step of determining the context of the first communication, The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the content of the conditional data is determined based on the context.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the context includes one or more of the following: consumer identity, manufacturer identity, distributor identity, and retail environment.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the constituent element comprises at least one of materials, parts, devices, components, food products, and animals.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the consumer product comprises at least one of clothing, agricultural products, beverages, food products, meat products, machinery, chemicals, textiles, equipment, vehicles, tools, electronic devices, furniture, medical devices, toys, games, books, protective gear, pharmaceuticals, bandages, masks, medicines, and vaccines.

16. The process further includes the step of the processor selecting a protocol for verifying the at least one digital twin based on the reception of a second communication initiated based on a read by at least one access device of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger, The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the protocol is a wireless communication protocol between the processor and the access device.

17. The aforementioned processor further includes the step of providing a user interface to the brand owner, The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the user interface is configured to display information relating to the at least one digital twin based on the reception of a second communication initiated based on the reading of at least one of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger.

18. The processor further includes the step of providing a user interface that enables the brand owner to select a protocol for viewing information related to the at least one digital twin without receiving communications from the digital trigger, The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the protocol is a wireless communication protocol between the processor and an access device used by the brand owner.

19. Non-temporary computer-readable memory and Combined with the memory and based on the instructions stored in the memory, A first component and a first unique identifier are associated with at least one digital twin of a plurality of digital twins for a group of final products, the first unique identifier corresponds to a first digital trigger attached to the first component, the first digital trigger is automatically detected using a sensor when a manufacturing step occurs, The at least one digital twin is updated based on an evolution that is related to the first component and is at least part of the process by which the final product is obtained, wherein the final product is formed from the first component, and the evolution includes the manufacturing step of which the first component is included. At least one of the plurality of digital twins is associated with the final product and the second unique identifier to which the second digital trigger is coupled, and the second unique identifier corresponds to the second digital trigger, and In response to a first communication initiated based on the second digital trigger, data relating to the first component and the trust conditions applicable to the final product are provided to the consumer. A processor configured as such, including, Each of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger is associated with different information and has a trigger type that includes one or more of the following: RFID device, barcode, QR code (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark) device, BLE device, NFC device, recognizable image, recognizable sound, and wireless transmission. Digital twin system.

20. The system according to claim 19, further comprising an access device configured to read at least one of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger, and to initiate communication to be received by at least one computer processor based on the reading.

21. The first component is used to form the final product, and the evolution is the structure The system according to claim 19 or 20, comprising a manufacturing process for modifying the constituent elements.

22. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the conditions of trust include a distribution factor comprising one or more of the following: manufacturer identity, manufacturing certification, distributor certification, regional certification, new production status, pre-sale status, recall status, and repair verification.

23. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein the conditions of trust include at least one process factor, which includes one or more of the following: verification of organic processes, verification of fair labor, verification of fair trade, verification of charitable support, verification of relationships, verification of food standards, verification of manufacturing steps, and verification of the cold chain.

24. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the conditions for reliability include at least one composition factor, which includes one or more of the following: verification of constituent materials, verification of allergens, verification of organic components, verification of non-GMOs, verification of antibiotic-free materials, verification of grazing, verification of recycled materials, and verification of components.

25. The aforementioned evolution, The steps of including the first component in the group, The system according to any one of claims 19 to 24, comprising the step of generating a group identifier associated with the group.

26. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 25, wherein the evolution includes the step of separating the first component from the group.

27. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 26, wherein the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger are the same trigger.

28. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 26, wherein the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger are of the same trigger type.

29. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 26, wherein the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger have different trigger types.

30. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 29, wherein the at least one digital twin is updated by the evolution of a target product based on a second communication initiated based on at least one of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger.

31. The process further includes the step of determining the context of the first communication, The system according to any one of claims 19 to 30, wherein the content of the conditional data is determined based on the context.

32. The aforementioned context includes consumer identity, manufacturer identity, and distribution industry. The system according to claim 31, comprising one or more of the following: the identity of the person and the retail environment.

33. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 32, wherein the constituent elements include at least one of materials, parts, devices, components, food products, and animals.

34. The system according to any one of claims 19 to 33, wherein the consumer product includes at least one of clothing, agricultural products, beverages, food products, meat products, machinery, chemicals, textiles, equipment, vehicles, tools, electronic devices, furniture, medical devices, toys, games, books, protective gear, pharmaceuticals, bandages, masks, medicines, and vaccines.

35. The step further includes selecting a protocol for verifying the at least one digital twin based on the reception of a second communication initiated based on a read by at least one access device of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger, The system according to any one of claims 19 to 34, wherein the protocol is a wireless communication protocol between the processor and the access device.

36. This further includes steps to provide a user interface for brand owners, The system according to any one of claims 19 to 35, wherein the user interface is configured to display information relating to the at least one digital twin based on the reception of a second communication initiated based on the reading of at least one of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger.

37. The further step includes providing a user interface that enables the brand owner to select a protocol for viewing information related to the at least one digital twin without receiving communications from the digital trigger, The system according to any one of claims 19 to 36, wherein the protocol is a wireless communication protocol between the processor and an access device used by the brand owner.

38. When executing software instructions, the computer processor, A first component and a first unique identifier are associated with at least one digital twin of a plurality of digital twins for a group of final products, the first unique identifier corresponds to a first digital trigger attached to the first component, the first digital trigger is automatically detected using a sensor when a manufacturing step occurs, The at least one digital twin is updated based on an evolution that is related to the first component and is at least part of the process by which the final product is obtained, wherein the final product is formed from the first component, and the evolution includes the manufacturing step of which the first component is included. At least one of the plurality of digital twins is associated with the final product and the second unique identifier to which the second digital trigger is coupled, and the second unique identifier corresponds to the second digital trigger, and The software includes instructions configured to provide the consumer with data relating to the first components and trust conditions applicable to the final product in response to a communication initiated based on the second digital trigger, Each of the first digital trigger and the second digital trigger is associated with different information and has a trigger type that includes one or more of the following: RFID device, barcode, QR code (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark) device, BLE device, NFC device, recognizable image, recognizable sound, and wireless transmission. Computer program.

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